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Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management (Details 2) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
Mar. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Derivatives Fair Value    
Asset Fair Value $ 132us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeAsset $ 128us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeAsset
Liability Fair Value (229)us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeLiability (214)us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeLiability
Machinery, Energy & Transportation    
Derivatives Fair Value    
Asset Fair Value 20us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeAsset
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_MachineryEnergyTransportationMember		 27us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeAsset
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_MachineryEnergyTransportationMember
Liability Fair Value (205)us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeLiability
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_MachineryEnergyTransportationMember		 (191)us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeLiability
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_MachineryEnergyTransportationMember
Financial Products    
Derivatives Fair Value    
Asset Fair Value 112us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeAsset
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_FinancialProductsMember		 101us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeAsset
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_FinancialProductsMember
Liability Fair Value (24)us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeLiability
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_FinancialProductsMember		 (23)us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeLiability
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_FinancialProductsMember
Designated Derivatives    
Derivatives Fair Value    
Asset (Liability) Fair Value (28)us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeNet
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_DesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentMember		 (38)us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeNet
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_DesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentMember
Designated Derivatives | Foreign exchange contracts | Receivables-trade and other | Machinery, Energy & Transportation    
Derivatives Fair Value    
Asset Fair Value 18us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeAsset
/ us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis
= cat_ReceivablesMember
/ us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis
= us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_DesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_MachineryEnergyTransportationMember		 25us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeAsset
/ us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis
= cat_ReceivablesMember
/ us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis
= us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_DesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_MachineryEnergyTransportationMember
Designated Derivatives | Foreign exchange contracts | Accrued Expenses | Machinery, Energy & Transportation    
Derivatives Fair Value    
Liability Fair Value (117)us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeLiability
/ us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis
= us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesMember
/ us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis
= us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_DesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_MachineryEnergyTransportationMember		 (134)us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeLiability
/ us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis
= us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesMember
/ us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis
= us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_DesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_MachineryEnergyTransportationMember
Designated Derivatives | Interest rate contracts | Receivables-trade and other | Financial Products    
Derivatives Fair Value    
Asset Fair Value 4us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeAsset
/ us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis
= cat_ReceivablesMember
/ us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis
= us-gaap_InterestRateContractMember
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_DesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_FinancialProductsMember		 6us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeAsset
/ us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis
= cat_ReceivablesMember
/ us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis
= us-gaap_InterestRateContractMember
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_DesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_FinancialProductsMember
Designated Derivatives | Interest rate contracts | Long-term receivables-trade and other | Financial Products    
Derivatives Fair Value    
Asset Fair Value 73us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeAsset
/ us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis
= cat_LongTermReceivableMember
/ us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis
= us-gaap_InterestRateContractMember
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_DesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_FinancialProductsMember		 73us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeAsset
/ us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis
= cat_LongTermReceivableMember
/ us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis
= us-gaap_InterestRateContractMember
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_DesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_FinancialProductsMember
Designated Derivatives | Interest rate contracts | Accrued Expenses | Financial Products    
Derivatives Fair Value    
Liability Fair Value (6)us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeLiability
/ us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis
= us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesMember
/ us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis
= us-gaap_InterestRateContractMember
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_DesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_FinancialProductsMember		 (8)us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeLiability
/ us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis
= us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesMember
/ us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis
= us-gaap_InterestRateContractMember
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_DesignatedAsHedgingInstrumentMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_FinancialProductsMember
Undesignated Derivatives    
Derivatives Fair Value    
Asset (Liability) Fair Value (69)us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeNet
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_NondesignatedMember		 (48)us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeNet
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_NondesignatedMember
Undesignated Derivatives | Foreign exchange contracts | Receivables-trade and other | Machinery, Energy & Transportation    
Derivatives Fair Value    
Asset Fair Value 2us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeAsset
/ us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis
= cat_ReceivablesMember
/ us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis
= us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_NondesignatedMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_MachineryEnergyTransportationMember		 2us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeAsset
/ us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis
= cat_ReceivablesMember
/ us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis
= us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_NondesignatedMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_MachineryEnergyTransportationMember
Undesignated Derivatives | Foreign exchange contracts | Receivables-trade and other | Financial Products    
Derivatives Fair Value    
Asset Fair Value 8us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeAsset
/ us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis
= cat_ReceivablesMember
/ us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis
= us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_NondesignatedMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_FinancialProductsMember		 5us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeAsset
/ us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis
= cat_ReceivablesMember
/ us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis
= us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_NondesignatedMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_FinancialProductsMember
Undesignated Derivatives | Foreign exchange contracts | Long-term receivables-trade and other | Financial Products    
Derivatives Fair Value    
Asset Fair Value 27us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeAsset
/ us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis
= cat_LongTermReceivableMember
/ us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis
= us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_NondesignatedMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_FinancialProductsMember		 17us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeAsset
/ us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis
= cat_LongTermReceivableMember
/ us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis
= us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_NondesignatedMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_FinancialProductsMember
Undesignated Derivatives | Foreign exchange contracts | Accrued Expenses | Machinery, Energy & Transportation    
Derivatives Fair Value    
Liability Fair Value (73)us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeLiability
/ us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis
= us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesMember
/ us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis
= us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_NondesignatedMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_MachineryEnergyTransportationMember		 (43)us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeLiability
/ us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis
= us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesMember
/ us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis
= us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_NondesignatedMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_MachineryEnergyTransportationMember
Undesignated Derivatives | Foreign exchange contracts | Accrued Expenses | Financial Products    
Derivatives Fair Value    
Liability Fair Value (18)us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeLiability
/ us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis
= us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesMember
/ us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis
= us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_NondesignatedMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_FinancialProductsMember		 (15)us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeLiability
/ us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis
= us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesMember
/ us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis
= us-gaap_ForeignExchangeContractMember
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_NondesignatedMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_FinancialProductsMember
Undesignated Derivatives | Commodity contracts | Accrued Expenses | Machinery, Energy & Transportation    
Derivatives Fair Value    
Liability Fair Value $ (15)us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeLiability
/ us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis
= us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesMember
/ us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis
= us-gaap_CommodityContractMember
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_NondesignatedMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_MachineryEnergyTransportationMember		 $ (14)us-gaap_DerivativeFairValueOfDerivativeLiability
/ us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis
= us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesMember
/ us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentRiskAxis
= us-gaap_CommodityContractMember
/ us-gaap_HedgingDesignationAxis
= us-gaap_NondesignatedMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= cat_MachineryEnergyTransportationMember