Intangible Assets and Goodwill

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2015

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible assets and goodwill

A. Intangible assets

Intangible assets are comprised of the following:




		March 31, 2015
(Millions of dollars)	Weighted Amortizable Life (Years)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net
Customer relationships	15	$	2,400	$	(687	)	$	1,713
Intellectual property	11	1,656		(579		)	1,077
Other	11	234		(134		)	100
Total finite-lived intangible assets	14	4,290		(1,400		)	2,890



		December 31, 2014
	Weighted Amortizable Life (Years)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net
Customer relationships	15	$	2,489	$	(669	)	$	1,820
Intellectual property	11	1,724		(578		)	1,146
Other	11	239		(129		)	110
Total finite-lived intangible assets	14	4,452		(1,376		)	3,076

Amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 was $87 million and $92 million, respectively. Amortization expense related to intangible assets is expected to be:



(Millions of dollars)
2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	Thereafter
$331	$310	$308	$303	$301	$1,424

B. Goodwill

We test goodwill for impairment annually and whenever events or circumstances make it more likely than not that an impairment may have occurred. We perform our annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1 and monitor for interim triggering events on an ongoing basis. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment utilizing a qualitative assessment or a two-step process. We have an option to make a qualitative assessment of a reporting unit's goodwill for impairment. If we choose to perform a qualitative assessment and determine the fair value more likely than not exceeds the carrying value, no further evaluation is necessary. For reporting units where we perform the two-step process, the first step requires us to compare the fair value of each reporting unit, which we primarily determine using an income approach based on the present value of discounted cash flows, to the respective carrying value, which includes goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, the goodwill is not considered impaired. If the carrying value is higher than the fair value, there is an indication that an impairment may exist and the second step is required. In step two, the implied fair value of goodwill is calculated as the excess of the fair value of a reporting unit over the fair values assigned to its assets and liabilities. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying value of the reporting unit's goodwill, the difference is recognized as an impairment loss. No goodwill was impaired during the three months ended March 31, 2015 or 2014.

The changes in carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the three months ended March 31, 2015 were as follows:




(Millions of dollars)	December 31, 2014			Other Adjustments ¹			March 31, 2015
Construction Industries
Goodwill	$	275		$	(7	)	$	268
Resource Industries
Goodwill	4,287			(137		)	4,150
Impairments	(580		)	—			(580		)
Net goodwill	3,707			(137		)	3,570
Energy & Transportation
Goodwill	2,542			(56		)	2,486
All Other ²
Goodwill	192			(1		)	191
Impairments	(22		)	—			(22		)
Net goodwill	170			(1		)	169
Consolidated total
Goodwill	7,296			(201		)	7,095
Impairments	(602		)	—			(602		)
Net goodwill	$	6,694		$	(201	)	$	6,493

¹ Other adjustments are comprised primarily of foreign currency translation.

²Includes All Other operating segments (See Note 15).

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the aggregate amount of goodwill and a description of intangible assets, which may include (a) for amortizable intangible assets (also referred to as finite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, the amount of any significant residual value, and the weighted-average amortization period, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization (also referred to as indefinite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, and (c) the amount of research and development assets acquired and written off in the period, including the line item in the income statement in which the amounts written off are aggregated, if not readily apparent from the income statement. Also discloses (a) for amortizable intangibles assets in total and by major class, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization, the total amortization expense for the period, and the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization the carrying amount in total and by major class, and (c) for goodwill, in total and for each reportable segment, the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period (including the aggregate amount of goodwill acquired, the aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized, and the amount of goodwill included in the gain (loss) on disposal of a reporting unit). If any part of goodwill has not been allocated to a reportable segment, discloses the unallocated amount and the reasons for not allocating. For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset (excluding goodwill), discloses: (a) a description of the impaired intangible asset and the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method for determining fair value, (c) the caption in the income statement or the statement of activities in which the impairment loss is aggregated, and (d) the segment in which the impaired intangible asset is reported. For each goodwill impairment loss recognized, discloses: (a) a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit, and (c) if a recognized impairment loss is an estimate not finalized and the reasons why the estimate is not final. May also disclose the nature and amount of any significant adjustments made to a previous estimate of an impairment loss.

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