The Company, in the normal course of business, is subject to claims and litigation. The Company reviews the status of each matter and assesses its potential financial exposure. If the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, the Company would accrue a liability for the estimated loss.

On May 14, 2021, a putative class action (the “Plymouth Action”) was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Company and certain officers and directors alleging violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Rule 10b-5, promulgated thereunder, and Sections 11, 12(a)(2) and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The complaint alleges misstatements and/or omissions in the Company’s registration statements and prospectuses related to the Company’s October 2020 initial public offering, the Company’s December 2020 offering, and the Company’s March 2021 offering during the putative class period of October 14, 2020 through May 11, 2021. A consolidated amended class action complaint was filed on December 7, 2021 with additional allegations regarding misstatements and/or omissions in: (1) in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K and associated press release announcing results for the fourth quarter and full fiscal year 2020; and (2) in the Company’s November 5, 2020 and March 9, 2021 earnings calls.

On June 30, 2021, a substantially similar second putative class action was filed in the Southern District of New York against the Company and certain officers and directors alleging violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, and Rule 10b-5, promulgated thereunder, and Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act, which was consolidated with the Plymouth Action. The plaintiffs in the consolidated action seek an award of damages and the interest thereon, any injunctive relief the court deems just and proper, and reasonable costs of bringing the litigation, including attorneys’ fees.

All defendants in the Plymouth Action, including the Company, moved to dismiss the consolidated amended complaint. On May 19, 2023, the court granted the Company’s motion to dismiss and, on July 5, 2023, denied a request from the Plymouth Action plaintiffs for leave to amend the consolidated amended complaint and dismissed the Plymouth Action in its entirety with prejudice.

On August 4, 2023, the lead plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal of the court’s dismissal of the consolidated amended complaint to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. After full briefing, the court of appeals heard oral argument on June 26, 2024 and the case is still pending decision by the court.

On July 16, 2021, a verified derivative complaint was filed in the Southern District of New York against certain officers and directors of the Company. The complaint alleges: (1) violations of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act for misleading proxy statements, (2) breach of fiduciary duty, (3) unjust enrichment, (4) abuse of control, (5) gross mismanagement, (6) corporate waste, (7) aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty, and (8) contribution under Sections 10(b) and 21D of the Exchange Act. The derivative plaintiff in this action seeks: declaratory relief; an award of compensatory damages to the Company, with interest; restitution from the defendants; an order directing the Company to reform its corporate governance and internal procedures; and the costs and disbursements of the action, including attorneys’ fees.

On July 30, 2021, a second verified derivative complaint was filed in the Southern District of New York against certain officers and directors of the Company. The complaint alleges: (1) violations of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act for causing the issuance of a false/misleading proxy statement, (2) breach of fiduciary duty, and (3) aiding and abetting breaches of fiduciary duty. The derivative plaintiff in this action seeks the same relief sought in the verified derivative complaint filed in the Southern District of New York on July 16, 2021.

On August 3, 2022, a verified derivative complaint was filed in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware against certain officers and directors of the Company, asserting claims for: (1) breach of fiduciary duty and (2) unjust enrichment. The derivative plaintiff in this action seeks: an award of compensatory damages in favor of the Company; restitution from the defendants and disgorgement of profits, benefits, and other compensation obtained by the defendants; an order directing the Company to reform its corporate governance and internal procedures; equitable or injunctive relief as permitted by law and equity; and the costs and disbursements of the action, including attorneys’ fees.

On August 11, 2022, a second verified derivative complaint was filed with the Court of Chancery against certain officers and directors of the Company, asserting claims for: (1) breach of fiduciary duty; (2) aiding and abetting breaches of fiduciary duty; (3) waste of corporate assets; (4) unjust enrichment; (5) insider selling; and (6) aiding and abetting insider selling. The derivative plaintiff in this action seeks: declaratory relief; an award of compensatory damages in favor of the Company; disgorgement of profits obtained from certain sales of Company stock by certain of the defendants; establishment of a constructive trust over certain amounts obtained by certain of the defendants; and the costs and disbursements of the action, including attorneys’ fees.

The Company continues to believe the claims alleged in the actions are without merit and intends to continue to vigorously defend its position in these matters. The Company has not recorded any material loss contingency in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2025.

During March 2024, the Company reached a settlement with one of its vendors, in which the Company received $4.0 million in the form of a one-time $2.6 million cash payment due immediately, and $1.4 million in credits with the vendor which can be applied by the Company to future orders from the respective vendor. If the Company does not utilize all of the credits by January 2026, it will receive a one-time cash payment from the vendor for the remaining unused credit balance. During the year ended December 31, 2024 the Company recognized a $4.0 million reduction to Cost of product and service revenue in the consolidated statements of operations from the settlement, and had a receivable of $0.4 million included in Prepaid and other expenses, net in the consolidated balance sheet. The Company has collected the remaining outstanding amount as of December 31, 2025.

The Company is party to various other legal proceedings, claims, governmental and/or regulatory inspections, inquiries and investigations arising out of the ordinary course of its business. The Company believes that there are no other proceedings or claims pending against it, the ultimate resolution of which could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations. In all cases, at each reporting period, the Company evaluates whether or not a potential loss amount or a potential range of loss is probable and

reasonably estimable under ASC Topic 450 Contingencies. Legal costs are expensed as incurred. It is possible that future results for any particular quarter or annual period may be materially affected by changes in our assumption or the effectiveness of the Company’s strategies relating to these proceedings.

Concurrent with the Former Parent’s acquisition of Array Technologies Patent Holdings Co., LLC on July 8, 2016, Array Tech, Inc. entered into a TRA with the former majority shareholder of the Company. The TRA is valued based on the future expected payments under the agreement. The TRA provides for the payment by Array Tech, Inc. to the former owners for certain federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax benefits deemed realized in post-closing taxable periods by the Company, from the use of certain deductions generated by the increase in the tax value of the developed technology. The TRA is accounted for as contingent consideration and changes in the fair value of the TRA are recognized in earnings. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the fair value of the TRA was $8.3 million and $9.1 million, respectively.

Estimating the amount of payments that may be made under the TRA is by nature imprecise. The significant fair value inputs used to estimate the future expected TRA payments to the former owners include the timing of tax payments, a discount rate, book income projections, timing of expected adjustments to calculate taxable income and the projected rate of use for attributes defined in the TRA.

Payments made under the TRA consider tax positions taken by the Company and are due within 125 days following the filing of the Company’s U.S. federal and state income tax returns under procedures described in the agreement. The current portion of the TRA liability is based on tax returns. The TRA will continue until all tax benefit payments have been made or the Company elects early termination under the terms described in the TRA.

As discussed in Note 3 – Acquisition, the Purchase Agreement includes an earnout provision pursuant to which Seller may be granted shares of the Company’s common stock, or equivalent cash value at the Buyer’s discretion, based upon APA’s achievement of certain financial performance targets during the three-year period ending September 30, 2028 (the “Earnout Consideration”). The maximum number of shares payable as Earnout Consideration is 4,686,530 shares of common stock, which was determined by dividing $40 million by

the volume weighted average price of the Company’s common stock for the 10 trading days immediately following the Closing Date. The number of shares payable will be subject to reduction if the cumulative value of the Earnout Consideration earned (measured on each date such shares are issued) exceeds $90 million. The Purchase Agreement provides that, to the extent the issuance of any Earnout Consideration or Deferred Consideration Shares would require stockholder approval under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(a), the Company will pay cash in lieu of issuing such shares, unless such stockholder approval has been obtained. The principal Seller continues to assume the managerial responsibilities of APA.

The Earnout Consideration is accounted for as contingent consideration, and the fair value is estimated each reporting period. As of December 31, 2025, the Earnout Consideration was estimated to have a fair value of approximately $19.0 million using a Monte-Carlo simulation method. Changes in fair value of the contingent liability are recognized in Change in fair value of contingent consideration in the consolidated statements of operations. Estimating the amount of payments that may be made under the Earnout Consideration is by nature imprecise. The significant fair value inputs used to estimate the future expected Earnout Consideration payments to Seller include a discount rate, earnings forecasts, and actual and estimated future volatility in the Company’s stock price.

The Company is required to provide surety bonds to various parties as required for certain transactions initiated during the ordinary course of business to guarantee the Company’s performance in accordance with contractual or legal obligations. These off-balance sheet arrangements do not adversely impact the Company’s liquidity or capital resources. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had surety bonds outstanding in the amount of $215.5 million.


	Payments due by period
	Total		Less than 1 year		1 - 3 years		3 - 5 years		More than 5 years
Purchase obligations(1)	316,261		184,963		131,298		—		—
Other obligations(2)	1,000		—		1,000		—		—
Total	$	317,261	$	184,963	$	132,298	$	—	$	—