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Debt
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Debt Debt
The following table summarizes the Company’s total debt (in thousands):
December 31,
20252024
Senior Secured Credit Facility:
Term loan facility$— $233,875 
Revolving credit facility— — 
Total secured credit facility— 233,875 
2028 Convertible notes325,000 425,000 
2031 Convertible notes345,000 — 
Other debt12,802 34,042 
Total principal682,802 692,917 
Unamortized discount and issuance costs, total(13,823)(15,633)
Current portion of debt(10,315)(30,714)
Total long-term debt, net of current portion$658,664 $646,570 

Senior Secured Credit Facility
On October 14, 2020, the Company entered into a credit agreement (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”) governing the Company’s senior secured credit facility, consisting of: (i) a $575 million senior secured seven-year term loan facility (the “Term Loan Facility”); and (ii) a $200 million senior secured five-year revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility” and, together with the Term Loan Facility, the “Senior Secured Credit Facility”). The Credit Agreement was amended on February 23, 2021, February 26, 2021, March 2, 2023, and May 1, 2025 (the “Fourth Amendment”). The Fourth Amendment, among other things: (y) refinanced the Revolving Credit Facility with new revolving commitments and loans thereunder, reducing the total commitments to $166 million and extending the maturity date to October 14, 2028; and (z) revised the
Consolidated First Lien Secured Leverage Ratio as applicable under Section 7.09 (Financial Covenant) of the Credit Agreement from 7.10:1.00 to 5.50:1.00.

Term Loan Facility
At December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance on the Term Loan Facility was $233.9 million, presented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, net of debt discount and issuance costs of $7.9 million. During the second quarter of 2025, the Company repaid in full the remaining balance of the Term Loan Facility using proceeds from the issuance of the 2031 Convertible Notes (as defined below). As a result, the Term Loan Facility was fully extinguished and no longer outstanding as of December 31, 2025. The $5.9 million in unamortized debt discount and issuance costs were written off in connection with the extinguishment and recorded in Gain on extinguishment of debt, net during the year ended December 31, 2025.

Interest expense related to the Term Loan Facility was as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Contractual interest expense
$8,970 $20,623$24,503
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs
2,025 3,5887,859
Total interest expense
$10,995 $24,211$32,362
Effective Interest Rate
— %9.55 %10.15 %

The discount and issuance costs associated with the Term Loan Facility were amortized over the life of the debt using the effective interest rate method.

Revolving Credit Facility
The Company had no outstanding balance under the revolving credit facility at both December 31, 2025 and 2024. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had $28.1 million and $28.0 million, respectively, in standby letters of credit and $137.9 million and $172.0 million, respectively, available to withdraw against total commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility of $166.0 million and $200.0 million, respectively. The Revolving Credit Facility incurs interest at the Company’s election, at either (x) for SOFR Loans at Adjusted Term SOFR (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus 3.25% or (y) for Base Rate Loans at the higher of the Prime Rate (each as defined in the Credit Agreement), one half of 1.00% above the Federal Funds Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or the Adjusted Term SOFR for one-month interest period, after giving effect to any floor plus 1.00%, plus 2.25%. There is no scheduled amortization under the Revolving Credit Facility and loans under the Revolving Credit Facility may be voluntarily prepaid in whole, or in part, in each case without premium or penalty.

Restrictive Covenants and Other Matters
The Revolving Credit Facility includes a springing financial maintenance covenant that is tested on the last day of each fiscal quarter if the outstanding loans and certain other credit extensions under the Revolving Credit Facility exceed 35% of the aggregate amount of commitments thereunder, subject to customary exclusions and conditions. If the financial maintenance covenant is triggered, the first lien net leverage ratio will be tested for compliance not to exceed 5.50:1.00. As of December 31, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all the required covenants.
The Senior Secured Credit Facility also contains affirmative and negative covenants customary for financings of this type, including covenants that restrict our incurrence of indebtedness and liens, dispositions, investments, acquisitions, restricted payments, and transactions with affiliates. The Senior Secured Credit Facility also includes customary events of default, including the occurrence of a change of control. In addition, the Senior Secured Credit Facility generally restricts the cash payment of dividends on the Company’s capital stock, subject to certain exceptions such as payment of dividends on designated preferred stock issued after the closing date.

Guarantees and Security
The obligations under the Senior Secured Credit Facility are guaranteed by ATI Investment Sub, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, and its wholly owned domestic subsidiaries other than certain immaterial subsidiaries and other excluded subsidiaries. The obligations under the Senior Secured Credit Facility are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of the future property and assets of the guarantor and the borrower, Array Tech, Inc. (f/k/a Array Technologies, Inc.), including accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, general intangibles, intellectual property, investment property, other personal property, material owned real property, cash and proceeds of the foregoing.

Convertible Debt
On December 3, 2021 and December 9, 2021, the Company issued the 2028 Convertible Notes, resulting in net proceeds of $413.3 million ($364.7 million and $48.6 million, respectively), after deducting the original issue discount of 2.75% but before deducting initial purchasers’ discounts and offering expenses. The 2028 Convertible Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated December 3, 2021, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The 2028 Convertible Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and will mature on December 1, 2028, unless earlier converted, redeemed, or repurchased. Interest is payable semiannually in arrears at a rate of 1.00% per year on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on June 1, 2022.

On June 27, 2025, the Company issued the 2031 Convertible Notes in a private placement. The Company incurred $10.4 million of initial purchasers’ discounts and offering expenses, resulting in net proceeds of $334.6 million. The 2031 Convertible Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated June 27, 2025, between the Company and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (the “2031 Indenture”). The 2031 Convertible Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and will mature on July 1, 2031, unless earlier converted, redeemed, or repurchased. Interest is payable semiannually in arrears at a rate of 2.875% per year on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2026.

The Company used approximately $78.4 million of the proceeds from the 2031 Convertible Notes to repurchase $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Convertible Notes. The repurchased 2028 Convertible Notes had a net carrying value of $98.5 million, inclusive of unamortized debt discount, resulting in a gain on extinguishment of debt of approximately $20.1 million. This gain is recorded in Gain on extinguishment of debt, net in the consolidated statements of operations during the year ended December 31, 2025.

The discount and issuance costs associated with the 2028 Convertible Notes and the 2031 Convertible notes are amortized over the life of the debt using the effective interest rate of 2.1% and 3.4%, respectively, as of December 31, 2025.
The net carrying amount of the Convertible Notes was as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
2028 Convertible Notes
2031 Convertible Notes
2028 Convertible Notes
2031 Convertible Notes
Principal
$325,000 $345,000 $425,000 $— 
Unamortized issuance costs
(4,267)(9,556)(7,475)— 
Net carrying amount
$320,733 $335,444 $417,525 $— 

Interest expense related to the Convertible Notes was as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Contractual interest expense
$8,796 $4,250 $4,250 
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs
2,544 1,893 1,880 
Total interest expense
$11,340 $6,143 $6,130 

Neither the 2028 Convertible Notes nor the 2031 Convertible Notes were convertible during the year ended December 31, 2025, and none have been converted to date. As the sustained market price of the Company’s common stock has not exceeded the conversion thresholds since inception, there was no dilutive impact to earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Redemption
At any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding April 1, 2031, the 2031 Convertible Notes are convertible at the option of the holders only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2025 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of our common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price then in effect on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any ten consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the 2031 Convertible Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate for the 2031 Convertible Notes on each such trading day; (3) if the Company calls such 2031 Convertible Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date, but only with respect to the 2031 Convertible Notes called (or deemed called) for redemption; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events as described in the Indenture. On or after April 1, 2031, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders of the 2031 Convertible Notes may convert all or any portion of their 2031 Convertible Notes at any time regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion of the 2031 Convertible Notes, the Company will pay cash up to the aggregate principal amount of the 2031 Convertible Notes to be converted and pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election, in respect of the remainder, if any, of the Company’s conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the 2031 Convertible Notes being converted.
The Company may redeem (an “Optional Redemption”) for cash all or any portion of the 2031 Convertible Notes, at its option, on or after July 6, 2029, if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2031 Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. If the Company redeems less than all the outstanding 2031 Convertible Notes, at least $100 million aggregate principal amount of 2031 Convertible Notes must be outstanding and not subject to redemption as of the date of the relevant notice of redemption. No sinking fund is provided for the 2031 Convertible Notes.

The conversion rate for the 2028 Convertible Notes was initially, and remains currently, 41.9054 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $23.86 per share, or 10.1 million shares of common stock. The conversion rate for the 2031 Convertible Notes was initially 123.1262 shares per $1,000 principal amount, equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $8.12 per share of common stock. The conversion rate for the Convertible Notes is subject to adjustment under certain circumstances in accordance with the terms of each of the Indentures. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date of the 2031 Convertible Notes or if the Company delivers a notice of redemption in respect of the 2031 Convertible Notes, the Company will, under certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate of the 2031 Convertible Notes for a holder who elects to convert its 2031 Convertible Notes (or any portion thereof) in connection with such a corporate event or convert its 2031 Convertible Notes called (or deemed called) for redemption during the related Redemption Period (as defined in the 2031 Indenture), as the case may be.

If the Company undergoes a Fundamental Change (as defined in the 2031 Indenture), holders may require, subject to certain conditions and exceptions, the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their 2031 Convertible Notes at a Fundamental Change Repurchase Price (as defined in the Indenture) equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2031 Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, to, but excluding, the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date (as defined in the 2031 Indenture).

The Indenture includes customary covenants and sets forth certain events of default after which the 2031 Convertible Notes may be declared immediately due and payable and sets forth certain types of bankruptcy or insolvency events of default involving the Company or certain of its subsidiaries after which the 2031 Convertible Notes become automatically due and payable.

Capped Calls
In connection with the issuances of the Convertible Notes, the Company entered into separate capped call transactions with certain financial institutions. The capped calls are designed to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s common stockholders upon conversion of the related series of Convertible Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company may be required to make in excess of the principal amount of the 2028 Convertible Notes or 2031 Convertible Notes, as applicable.

In connection with the issuance of the 2028 Convertible Notes, the Company paid $52.9 million to enter into capped calls (the “2028 Capped Calls”). These instruments cover approximately 17.8 million shares of common stock, with an initial strike price of $23.86 and a cap price of $36.02 per share, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. The Company can also elect to receive the equivalent value of cash in lieu of shares
of common stock upon settlement, except in certain circumstances. These instruments are scheduled to expire on December 1, 2028 and terminate upon the occurrence of certain extraordinary events such as a merger, tender offer, nationalization, insolvency, delisting, event of default, a change in law, failure to deliver, an announcement of certain of these events, or an early conversion of the 2028 Convertible Notes. In connection with the early extinguishment of a portion of the 2028 Convertible Notes, none of the 2028 Capped Calls were settled, and the Company has not unwound, terminated, or otherwise adjusted any portion of these instruments.

In connection with the issuance of the 2031 Convertible Notes, the Company paid $35.1 million to enter into capped calls (the “2031 Capped Calls”). These instruments cover approximately 42.5 million shares of common stock, with an initial strike price of $8.12 and a cap price of $12.74 per share, subject to anti-dilution adjustments. The Company can also elect to receive the equivalent value of cash in lieu of shares of common stock upon settlement, except in certain circumstances. These instruments are scheduled to expire on July 1, 2031 and terminate upon the occurrence of certain extraordinary events such as a merger, tender offer, nationalization, insolvency, delisting, event of default, a change in law, failure to deliver, an announcement of certain of these events, or an early conversion of the 2031 Convertible Notes. The net effect of the 2031 Capped Calls raises the conversion price on the 2031 Convertible Notes from $8.12 to $12.74. However, the 2031 Capped Calls are separate transactions from the 2031 Convertible Notes and do not affect the terms of the 2031 Convertible Notes nor the rights of the note holders. Upon conversion of the 2031 Convertible Notes, the 2031 Capped Calls are expected to reduce potential dilution by delivering shares of the Company’s common stock (or, at the Company’s election and subject to certain conditions, the cash equivalent value) to the Company.

Together, the 2028 Capped Calls and the 2031 Capped Calls are collectively referred to herein as the “Capped Calls.” At issuance of each of the Capped Calls, the Company concluded that the Capped Calls met the criteria for equity classification because they are indexed to the Company’s common stock and the Company has discretion to settle the Capped Calls in shares or cash. As a result, the amount paid for the Capped Calls was recorded as a reduction to Additional paid-in capital.

The Company made tax elections to integrate the 2028 Convertible Notes and the 2028 Capped Calls, and the 2031 Convertible Notes and the 2031 Capped Calls. The accounting impact of these tax elections makes the 2028 Capped Calls and the 2031 Capped Calls deductible as original issue discount interest for tax purposes over the term of the respective notes. As a result, the Company recognized Deferred income tax assets of $10.8 million and $8.6 million at inception for the 2028 Capped Calls and the 2031 Capped Calls, respectively, with corresponding offsets recorded to Additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheets.

If the Convertible Notes are converted, the number of shares to be issued by the Company would be effectively partially offset by the shares of common stock received by the Company under the Capped Calls, thereby mitigating dilution. The Capped Calls are subject to termination or adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events, including mergers, tender offers, nationalization, insolvency, delisting of the Company’s common stock, events of default, changes in law, failure to deliver, stock splits, combinations, dividends, repurchases, or early conversion of the Convertible Notes.
Other Debt
Other debt consists of the debt obligations of STI Operations (“Other Debt”). Interest rates on Other Debt range from 2.47% to 3.03% annually. As of December 31, 2025, the entire $12.8 million aggregate carrying value of these debt obligations were denominated in Euros. These debt obligations mature between 2026 and 2027.

Aggregate Debt Maturities
Aggregate future debt maturities are as follows (in thousands):
Amount
2026$10,315 
20272,487 
2028325,000 
2029— 
2030— 
Thereafter345,000 
$682,802