UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2023

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-39724

LIQUIDIA CORPORATION

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware	85-1710962
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
419 Davis Drive, Suite 100
Morrisville, North Carolina	27560
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (919) 328-4400
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.001 par value per share	LQDA	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ☐	Accelerated Filer ☐	Non-accelerated Filer ☒	Smaller Reporting Company ☒
			Emerging Growth Company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May 1, 2023, there were 64,717,549 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

LIQUIDIA CORPORATION

		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Condensed Financial Statements (unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	28
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	37
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	37
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	37
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	40
Item 6.	Exhibits	78
	Signatures	79

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or this Quarterly Report, includes our trademarks, trade names and service marks, such as Liquidia, the Liquidia logo, YUTREPIA and PRINT, or Particle Replication In Non-wetting Templates, which are protected under applicable intellectual property laws and are the property of Liquidia Technologies, Inc. This Quarterly Report also contains trademarks, trade names and service marks of other companies, which are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, trademarks, trade names and service marks referred to in this Quarterly Report may appear without the ®, ™ or ^SM symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the right of the applicable licensor to these trademarks, trade names and service marks. We do not intend our use or display of other parties’ trademarks, trade names or service marks to imply, and such use or display should not be construed to imply, a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, these other parties.

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Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report may be forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in the sections entitled “Risk Factors,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” but are also contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “would,” “intends,” “targets,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:

● those identified and disclosed in our public filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) including, but not limited to (i) the timing of and our ability to obtain and maintain regulatory approvals for our product candidates, including YUTREPIA, the potential for, and timing regarding, eventual final approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) of and our ability to commercially launch YUTREPIA, including the potential impact of regulatory review, approval, and exclusivity developments which may occur for competitors; (ii) the timeline or outcome related to appeals or other motions arising in or from our patent litigation with United Therapeutics that was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware or the inter partes reviews with the Patent Trial and Appeal Board of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office; and (iii) the timing and our ability to obtain and maintain regulatory approval for the infusion pump that we are developing with Sandoz Inc. (“Sandoz”) and Mainbridge Health Partners, LLC (“Mainbridge”);

● our ability to predict, foresee, and effectively address or mitigate future developments resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic or other global shutdowns, which could include a negative impact on the availability of key personnel, the temporary closure of our facility or the facilities of our business partners, suppliers, third-party service providers or other vendors, or delays in payments or purchasing decisions, or the interruption of domestic and global supply chains, the economy and capital or financial markets;

● our expectations regarding the size of the patient populations for, market acceptance and opportunity for those drug products that we commercialize in collaboration with third parties, including Sandoz’s first-to-file fully substitutable generic treprostinil injection;

● the availability and market acceptance of medical devices and components of medical devices used to administer our drug products and drug products that we commercialize with third parties, including Smith Medical’s CADD-MS 3 infusion pump, the RG 3ml Medication Cartridge that we developed in collaboration with Chengdu Shifeng Medical Technologies LTD. used for the subcutaneous administration of Sandoz’s generic treprostinil injection, Smith Medical’s CADD Legacy and CADD-Solis infusions pump used for the intravenous administration of Sandoz’s generic treprostinil injection, the infusion pump that we are developing with Sandoz and Mainbridge for the subcutaneous administration of Sandoz’s generic treprostinil injection and Plastiape’s RS00 Model 8 dry powder inhaler, which we plan to use for the administration of YUTREPIA;

● our ability to draw down on our financing facility with Healthcare Royalty Partners IV, L.P. (“HCR”) and our ability to satisfy the covenants contained in the Revenue Interest Financing Agreement with HCR (the “RIFA”);

● our ability to retain, attract and hire key personnel;

● prevailing economic, market and business conditions;

● the cost and availability of capital and any restrictions imposed by lenders or creditors;

● changes in the industry in which we operate;

● the failure to renew, or the revocation of, any license or other required permits;

● unexpected charges or unexpected liabilities arising from a change in accounting policies, including any such changes by third parties with whom we collaborate and from whom we receive a portion of their net profits, or the effects of acquisition accounting varying from our expectations;

● the risk that the credit ratings of our company or our subsidiaries may be different from what the companies expect, which may increase borrowing costs and/or make it more difficult for us to pay or refinance our debts and require us to borrow or divert cash flow from operations in order to service debt payments;

● fluctuations in interest rates;

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● adverse outcomes of pending or threatened litigation or governmental investigations, including our patent litigation with United Therapeutics and the litigation arising from United Therapeutics’ claim that we and a former employee misappropriated trade secrets from United Therapeutics;

● the effects on the companies of future regulatory or legislative actions, including changes in healthcare, environmental and other laws and regulations to which we are subject;

● conduct of and changing circumstances related to third-party relationships on which we rely, including the level of credit worthiness of counterparties;

● the volatility and unpredictability of the stock market and credit market conditions;

● conditions beyond our control, such as natural disasters, global pandemics (including COVID-19), or acts of war or terrorism;

● variations between the stated assumptions on which forward-looking statements are based and our actual experience;

● other legislative, regulatory, economic, business, and/or competitive factors;

● our plans to develop and commercialize our product candidates;

● our planned clinical trials for our product candidates;

● the timing of the availability of data from our clinical trials;

● the timing of our planned regulatory filings;

● the timing of and our ability to obtain and maintain regulatory approvals for our product candidates;

● the clinical utility of our product candidates and their potential advantages compared to other treatments;

● our commercialization, marketing and distribution capabilities and strategy;

● our ability to establish and maintain arrangements for the manufacture of our product candidates and the sufficiency of our current manufacturing facilities to produce development and commercial quantities of our product candidates;

● our ability to establish and maintain collaborations;

● our estimates regarding the market opportunities for our product candidates;

● our intellectual property position and the duration of our patent rights;

● our estimates regarding future expenses, capital requirements and needs for additional financing; and

● our expected use of proceeds from prior public offerings and the period over which such proceeds, together with our available cash, will be sufficient to meet our operating needs.

You should refer to the “Risk Factors” section of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of important factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our company and our financial condition and results of operations. The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report are only predictions, and we may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations included in our forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report. While we may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we have no current intention of doing so except to the extent required by applicable law. You should therefore not rely on these forward-looking statements as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “we,” “us”, “our”, “Liquidia” and the “Company” refer to Liquidia Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and unless specified otherwise, include our wholly owned subsidiaries, Liquidia Technologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation, or Liquidia Technologies, and Liquidia PAH, LLC (formerly known as RareGen, LLC, or RareGen), a Delaware limited liability company, or Liquidia PAH.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Financial Statements

Liquidia Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	94,412	$	93,283
Accounts receivable, net		4,131		5,017
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,147		1,511
Total current assets		99,690		99,811
Property, plant and equipment, net		4,346		4,151
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		2,010		2,101
Indemnification asset, related party		6,612		6,595
Contract acquisition costs, net		8,411		8,604
Intangible asset, net		3,643		3,726
Goodwill		3,903		3,903
Other assets		307		307
Total assets	$	128,922	$	129,198
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	841	$	2,197
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		2,945		5,522
Revenue interest financing payable, current		2,000		—
Operating lease liabilities, current		932		900
Finance lease liabilities, current		102		181
Total current liabilities		6,820		8,800
Litigation finance payable		6,611		6,594
Revenue interest financing payable, noncurrent		30,617		—
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent		3,086		3,332
Finance lease liabilities, noncurrent		145		171
Long-term debt		—		19,879
Total liabilities		47,279		38,776
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock — 10,000,000 shares authorized, none outstanding		—		—
Common stock — $0.001 par value, 80,000,000 shares authorized, 64,710,444 and 64,517,912 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		65		64
Additional paid-in capital		443,919		440,954
Accumulated deficit		(362,341)		(350,596)
Total stockholders’ equity		81,643		90,422
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	128,922	$	129,198

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Liquidia Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Revenue	$	4,493	$	3,492
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue		654		694
Research and development		5,278		4,728
General and administrative		7,793		12,542
Total costs and expenses		13,725		17,964
Loss from operations		(9,232)		(14,472)
Other income (expense):
Interest income		922		4
Interest expense		(1,124)		(478)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		(2,311)		(997)
Total other expense, net		(2,513)		(1,471)
Net loss and comprehensive loss	$	(11,745)	$	(15,943)
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted	$	(0.18)	$	(0.30)
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		64,656,424		52,465,283

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Liquidia Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited)

(in thousands, except shares amounts)

	Common	Common		Additional				Total
	Stock	Stock		Paid in		Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Deficit		Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2022	64,517,912	$	64	$	440,954	$	(350,596)	$	90,422
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	21,447		—		79		—		79
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units	89,804		1		(1)		—		—
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan	81,281		—		335		—		335
Stock-based compensation	—		—		2,552		—		2,552
Net loss	—		—		—		(11,745)		(11,745)
Balance as of March 31, 2023	64,710,444	$	65	$	443,919	$	(362,341)	$	81,643

	Common	Common		Additional				Total
	Stock	Stock		Paid in		Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Deficit		Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2021	52,287,737	$	52	$	374,794	$	(309,581)	$	65,265
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	143,048		—		593		—		593
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units	1,690		—		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan	5,017		—		28		—		28
Issuance of warrant	—		—		1,317		—		1,317
Equity consideration for acquisition	616,666		1		(1)		—		—
Stock-based compensation	—		—		4,129		—		4,129
Net loss	—		—		—		(15,943)		(15,943)
Balance as of March 31, 2022	53,054,158	$	53	$	380,860	$	(325,524)	$	55,389

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Liquidia Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Operating activities
Net loss	$	(11,745)	$	(15,943)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation		2,552		4,185
Depreciation and amortization		569		947
Non-cash lease expense		91		70
(Gain) on disposal of property and equipment		(2)		—
Loss on extinguishment of debt		2,311		997
Non-cash interest expense (income)		953		(6)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net		886		(297)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		214		(82)
Other noncurrent assets		—		4
Accounts payable		(1,495)		458
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(2,577)		70
Operating lease liabilities		(214)		(185)
Net cash used in operating activities		(8,457)		(9,782)
Investing activities
Purchases of property, plant and equipment		(366)		—
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment		2		—
Net cash used in investing activities		(364)		—
Financing activities
Proceeds from revenue interest financing, net		31,814		—
Principal payments on long-term debt		(20,000)		(10,500)
Payments for debt prepayment and extinguishment costs		(2,190)		—
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt with warrants, net		—		19,767
Principal payments on finance leases		(105)		(82)
Receipts from litigation financing		17		276
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under stock incentive plans		414		621
Net cash provided by financing activities		9,950		10,082
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		1,129		300
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		93,283		57,494
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	94,412	$	57,794
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	$	360	$	261
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	$	319	$	309
Non-cash increase in property, plant and equipment through accounts payable	$	122	$	—
Non-cash increase in indemnification asset through accounts payable	$	17	$	138

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Liquidia Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

(tabular dollars in thousands)

1. Business

Description of the Business

We are a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development, manufacture, and commercialization of products that address unmet patient needs, with current focus directed towards the treatment of pulmonary hypertension (“PH’). We operate through our wholly owned operating subsidiaries, Liquidia Technologies, Inc. (“Liquidia Technologies”) and Liquidia PAH, LLC (“Liquidia PAH”), formerly known as RareGen, LLC (“RareGen”).

We currently generate revenue pursuant to a promotion agreement between Liquidia PAH and Sandoz Inc. (“Sandoz”), dated as of August 1, 2018, as amended (the “Promotion Agreement”), sharing profit derived from the sale of Sandoz’s substitutable generic treprostinil injection (“Treprostinil Injection”) in the United States. Liquidia PAH has the exclusive rights to conduct commercial activities to encourage the appropriate use of Treprostinil Injection. We employ a targeted sales force calling on physicians and hospital pharmacies involved in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (“PAH”) in the United States, as well as key stakeholders involved in the distribution and reimbursement of Treprostinil Injection. Strategically, we believe that our commercial presence in the field will enable an efficient base to expand from for the launch of YUTREPIA upon final approval, leveraging existing relationships and further validating our reputation as a company committed to supporting PAH patients.

We conduct research, development and manufacturing of novel products by applying our subject matter expertise in cardiopulmonary diseases and our proprietary PRINT® technology, a particle engineering platform, to enable precise production of uniform drug particles designed to improve the safety, efficacy and performance of a wide range of therapies. Through development of our own products and research with third parties, we have experience applying PRINT across multiple routes of administration and drug payloads including inhaled therapies, vaccines, biologics, nucleic acids and ophthalmic implants, among others.

Our lead product candidate is YUTREPIA for the treatment of PAH. YUTREPIA is an inhaled dry powder formulation of treprostinil designed with PRINT to improve the therapeutic profile of treprostinil by enhancing deep lung delivery while using a convenient, low resistance dry-powder inhaler (“DPI”) and by achieving higher dose levels than the labeled doses of current inhaled therapies. The United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) tentatively approved our New Drug Application (“NDA”) for YUTREPIA for the treatment of PAH in November 2021. The FDA also confirmed that the clinical data in the NDA would support our pursuit of a supplemental NDA to treat patients with pulmonary hypertension and interstitial lung disease (PH-ILD) upon the expiration of regulatory exclusivity in March 2024.

Risks and Uncertainties

We are subject to risks and uncertainties common to companies in the biotechnology industry, including, but not limited to, development by competitors of new technological innovations, dependence on third parties and key personnel, protection of proprietary technology, compliance with government regulations, and the ability to secure additional capital to fund operations.

The current global macro-economic environment is volatile, which may result in supply chain constraints and elevated rates of inflation. In addition, we operate in a dynamic and highly competitive industry and believes that changes in any of the following areas could have a material adverse effect on our future financial position, results of operations, or cash flows: the ability to obtain future financing; advances and trends in new technologies and industry standards; results of clinical trials; regulatory approval and market acceptance of our products; development of sales channels; certain strategic relationships; litigation or claims against our related to intellectual property, product, regulatory, or other matters; and our ability to attract and retain employees necessary to support our growth.

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Product candidates we develop require approval from the FDA and/or other international regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance that our product candidates will receive the necessary approvals. If we are denied approval, approval is delayed, or we are unable to maintain approval, it could have a material adverse impact our business, financial position and results of operations.

We rely on single source manufacturers and suppliers for the supply of our product candidates, which adds to the manufacturing risks we face. In the event of any failure by a supplier, we could be left without backup facilities. Any disruption from these manufacturers or suppliers could have a negative impact on our business, financial position and results of operations.

Liquidity

We expect to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future as we seek regulatory approval and prepare for commercialization of any approved product candidates. These efforts require significant amounts of capital, adequate personnel and infrastructure, and extensive compliance-reporting capabilities. Even if our development efforts are successful, it is uncertain when, if ever, we will realize significant revenue from product sales. We may require additional capital in advance of a potential commercial launch of YUTREPIA. If we are unable to access the contingent Investment Amounts from the RIFA (see Note 11) or generate meaningful YUTREPIA product revenue by the second quarter of 2024, we will require additional capital. We may also require additional capital to pursue in-licenses or acquisitions of other product candidates. If we conclude we require but are unable to obtain funding, we could be required to delay, reduce, or eliminate research and development programs, product portfolio expansion, or future commercialization efforts, which could adversely affect our business prospects.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40), we have evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. We have financed our growth and operations through a combination of funds generated from revenues, the issuance of convertible preferred stock and common stock, bank borrowings, bank borrowings with warrants, the issuance of convertible notes and warrants, and revenue interest financing. Since inception, we have incurred recurring losses, including a net loss of $11.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and we had an accumulated deficit of $362.3 million as of March 31, 2023. Although we expect to continue to generate operating losses for the foreseeable future, we believe that based on our current operating plan, excluding any potential contingent Investment Amounts from the RIFA and future YUTREPIA product revenue, that our cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund operations and capital expenditure requirements and allow us to remain in compliance with the minimum cash covenants pursuant to the RIFA for at least twelve months from the issuance date of these consolidated condensed financial statements. If we are unable to access additional Investment Amounts from the RIFA, there could be substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern as of the date of the issuance of our second quarter 2023 financial statements. We have based these estimates on assumptions that may differ from actual results, and it could use its available resources sooner than expected.

2. Basis of Presentation, Significant Accounting Policies and Fair Value Measurements

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2023 and for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for interim financial reporting. These condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments and accruals) necessary for a fair statement of the results for the periods presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from our audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been omitted in accordance

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with the SEC’s rules and regulations for interim reporting. Our financial position, results of operations and cash flows are presented in U.S. Dollars.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, which are included in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. These estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis, including those related to the valuation of stock-based awards, certain accruals, the revenue interest financing payable, and intangible and contract acquisition cost amortization, and makes changes to the estimates and related disclosures as our experience develops or new information becomes known. Actual results will most likely differ from those estimates.

Segment Information

GAAP requires segmentation based on an entity’s internal organization and reporting of revenue and operating income based upon internal accounting methods commonly referred to as the “management approach.” Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (CODM), or decision making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Our CODM is our Chief Executive Officer. We have determined that we have one operating and reporting segment.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Our significant accounting policies are disclosed in Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, which are included in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board under its accounting standards codifications (ASC) or other standard setting bodies and are adopted by us as of the specified effective date. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, there were no newly adopted accounting pronouncements that had a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. As of March 31, 2023, there are no recently issued but not yet adopted accounting pronouncements that are expected to materially impact our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Concentration of Credit Risk

We consider all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. We are exposed to credit risk, subject to federal deposit insurance, in the event of default by the financial institutions holding our cash and cash equivalents to the extent of amounts recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2022, all of our cash and cash equivalents were held with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”). Following the March 10, 2023 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation takeover of SVB, substantially all of our cash and cash equivalents were moved to a different accredited financial institution. We have not experienced any losses on such

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accounts and do not believe that we are subject to unusual credit risk beyond the normal credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships. Such deposits have exceeded and will continue to exceed federally insured limits.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are stated at net realizable value and net of an allowance for credit losses as of each balance sheet date, if applicable. One customer accounted for 99% of our accounts receivable, net at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we have not recorded an allowance for credit losses.

Long-Lived Assets

We review long-lived assets, including definite-life intangible assets, for realizability on an ongoing basis. Changes in depreciation and amortization, generally accelerated depreciation and variable amortization, are determined and recorded when estimates of the remaining useful lives or residual values of long-term assets change. We also review for impairment when conditions exist that indicate the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. In those circumstances, we perform undiscounted operating cash flow analyses to determine if an impairment exists. When testing for asset impairment, we group assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which cash flows are separately identifiable. Any impairment loss is calculated as the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its estimated fair value. Fair value is estimated based on the discounted cash flows for the asset group over the remaining useful life or based on the expected cash proceeds for the asset less costs of disposal. Any impairment losses would be recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. To date, no such impairments have occurred.

Goodwill

We assess goodwill for impairment at least annually as of July 1 or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. For example, significant and unanticipated changes or our inability to obtain or maintain regulatory approvals for our product candidates, including the NDA for YUTREPIA, could trigger testing of our goodwill for impairment at an interim date. We have one reporting unit. We have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether events or circumstances indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, in which case a quantitative impairment test is not required.

Per ASC 350, Intangibles Goodwill and Other, the quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not impaired. An impairment loss is recognized for any excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill over the fair value up to the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. Income tax effects from any tax-deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit are considered when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable.

We completed our last annual impairment test as of July 1, 2022 and concluded that no impairments had occurred. As of March 31, 2023, we concluded there were no events or changes in circumstances which indicated that the carrying amount of goodwill was not recoverable.

Royalty Interest Financing Payable

In January 2023, we recognized a liability related to the Revenue Interest Financing Agreement (the “RIFA”) with HealthCare Royalty Partners IV, L.P. (“HCR”) and HealthCare Royalty Management, LLC under ASC 470-10, Debt and ASC 835-30, Interest - Imputation of Interest. We recorded the initial funds received from HCR under the terms of the RIFA as a liability which will be accreted under the effective interest method upon the estimated amount of future royalty payments to be made pursuant to the RIFA. The issuance costs were recorded as a deduction to the carrying amount of the liability and will be amortized under the effective interest method over the estimated period in which the liability will be repaid. We have estimated the total amount of future revenue to be generated over the life of the RIFA, and a significant increase or decrease in these estimates could materially impact the liability balance and related interest expense. If the

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timing or amounts of any estimated future revenue and related payments change, we will prospectively adjust the effective interest and the related amortization of the liability and related issuance costs.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). The core principle of ASC 606 is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The following five steps are applied to achieve that core principle:

● Step 1: Identify the contract with the customer

● Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract

● Step 3: Determine the transaction price

● Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

● Step 5: Recognize revenue when the company satisfies a performance obligation

In order to identify the performance obligations in a contract with a customer, we assess the promised goods or services in the contract and identify each promised good or service that is distinct.

If a good or service is not distinct, the good or service is combined with other promised goods or services until a bundle of goods or services is identified that is distinct.

The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer. The consideration promised in a contract with a customer may include fixed amounts, variable amounts, or both.

Variable consideration is included in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. We evaluate any non-cash consideration, consideration payable to the customer, potential returns and refunds, and whether consideration contains a significant financing element in determining the transaction price.

Revenue is measured based on consideration specified in a contract with a customer. We recognize revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a service to a customer. The amount of revenue recognized reflects estimates for refunds and returns, which are presented as a reduction of Accounts receivable where the right of setoff exists.

Stock-Based Compensation

We estimate the grant date fair value of stock-based awards and amortize this fair value to compensation expense over the requisite service period or the vesting period of the respective award. In arriving at stock-based compensation expense, we estimate the number of stock-based awards that will be forfeited due to employee turnover. The forfeiture assumption is based primarily on turn-over historical experience. If the actual forfeiture rate is higher than the estimated forfeiture rate, then an adjustment will be made to increase the estimated forfeiture rate, which will result in a decrease to the expense recognized in our financial statements. If the actual forfeiture rate is lower than the estimated forfeiture rate, then an adjustment will be made to lower the estimated forfeiture rate, which will result in an increase to expense recognized in our financial statements. The expense we recognize in future periods will be affected by changes in the estimated forfeiture rate and may differ from amounts recognized in the current period. See Note 8.

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Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average shares outstanding during the period, without consideration of common stock equivalents.

Diluted net loss per share is calculated by adjusting weighted average shares outstanding for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents outstanding for the period, determined using the treasury-stock method. Due to their anti-dilutive effect, the calculation of diluted net loss per shares excludes the following common stock equivalent shares:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023	2022
Stock Options	9,402,106	7,054,395
Restricted Stock Units	1,590,469	365,382
Warrants	450,000	430,556
Total	11,442,575	7,850,333

Certain common stock warrants are included in the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share since their exercise price is de minimis.

Fair Value Measurements

ASC 825 Financial Instruments defines fair value the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants (an exit price). As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. ASC 825 establishes a three-tiered approach for valuation of financial instruments, which requires that fair value measurements be classified and disclosed in one of three tiers, whether or not recognized on our condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The fair value hierarchy defines a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements as follows:

Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2 — Inputs other than quoted prices included in active markets that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs for the asset and liability used to measure fair value, to the extent that observable inputs are not available.

The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. As of March 31, 2023, we did not have any financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value. The following table presents the placement in the fair value hierarchy of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of December 31, 2022:

	Quoted		Significant
	Prices in		Other		Significant
	Active		Observable		Unobservable
	Markets		Inputs		Inputs		Carrying
December 31, 2022	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Value
Money market funds (cash equivalents)	$	92,283	$	—	$	—	$	92,283

Money market funds are included in cash and cash equivalents on our December 31, 2022 condensed consolidated balance sheet and are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy since they are valued using quoted market prices.

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The carrying amounts reflected in our condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature. The carrying value of long-term debt and the revenue interest financing payable approximate fair value as the respective interest rates are reflective of current market rates on debt with similar terms and conditions. In addition, the revenue interest financing payable is updated with the expected amount to be paid back each reporting period based on the contractual terms and current projections.

3. Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Lab and build-to-suit equipment	$	6,344	$	6,257
Office equipment		19		19
Furniture and fixtures		134		134
Computer equipment		400		291
Leasehold improvements		11,409		11,409
Construction-in-progress		447		155
Total property, plant and equipment		18,753		18,265
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(14,407)		(14,114)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	4,346	$	4,151

We recorded depreciation and amortization expense related to property, plant and equipment of $0.3 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

4. Contract Acquisition Costs and Intangible Asset

Contract acquisition costs and intangible asset are summarized as follows:

	March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Contract acquisition costs	$	12,980	$	(4,569)	$	8,411	$	12,980	$	(4,376)	$	8,604
Intangible asset	$	5,620	$	(1,977)	$	3,643	$	5,620	$	(1,894)	$	3,726

We are amortizing the value of the contract acquisition costs and intangible asset on a pro-rata basis based on the estimated total revenue or net profits to be recognized over the period from November 18, 2020 through December 2032, the termination date of the Promotion Agreement (see Note 2-Revenue Recognition for our accounting policies). Amortization of contract acquisition costs is recorded as a reduction of revenue and amortization of the intangible asset is recorded as cost of revenue.

We recorded amortization related to the contract acquisition costs of $0.2 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We recorded amortization related to the intangible asset of $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Annual amortization over the next five years is expected to be lower than prior years primarily due to an amendment to the Promotion Agreement entered into during the fourth quarter of 2022, which extended the term of the Promotion Agreement by five years.

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5. Indemnification Asset with Related Party and Litigation Finance Payable

On June 3, 2020, Liquidia PAH entered into a litigation financing arrangement (the “Financing Agreement”) with Henderson SPV, LLC (“Henderson”). Liquidia PAH, along with Sandoz (collectively the “Plaintiffs”), are pursuing litigation against United Therapeutics Corporation (“United Therapeutics”) and, prior to entering into a binding settlement term sheet with Smiths Medical ASC (“Smiths Medical”) in November 2020, were pursuing litigation against Smiths Medical (collectively, the “RareGen Litigation”). Under the Financing Agreement, Henderson will fund Liquidia PAH’s legal and litigation expenses (referred to as “Deployments”) in exchange for a share of certain litigation or settlement proceeds. Deployments received from Henderson are recorded as a Litigation finance payable.

Litigation proceeds will be split equally between Liquidia PAH and Sandoz. Unless there is an event of default by Henderson, litigation proceeds received by Liquidia PAH must be applied first to repayment of total Deployments received. Litigation proceeds in excess of Deployments received are split between Liquidia PAH and Henderson according to a formula. Unless there is an event of default by PBM, proceeds received by Liquidia PAH are due to PBM as described further below.

On November 17, 2020, Liquidia PAH entered into a Litigation Funding and Indemnification Agreement (“Indemnification Agreement”) with PBM. PBM is considered to be a related party as it is controlled by a major stockholder (which beneficially owns approximately 9.3% of Liquidia Corporation Common Stock as of May 1, 2023) who is also a member of our Board of Directors.

Under the terms of the Indemnification Agreement, PBM now controls the litigation, with Liquidia PAH’s primary responsibility being to cooperate to support the litigation proceedings as needed. The Indemnification Agreement provides that Liquidia PAH and its affiliates will not be entitled to any proceeds resulting from, or bear any financial or other liability for, the RareGen Litigation unless there is an event of default by PBM. Any Liquidia PAH litigation expenses not reimbursed by Henderson under the Financing Agreement will be reimbursed by PBM. Any proceeds received which Henderson is not entitled to under the Financing Agreement will be due to PBM.

The Indemnification Asset is increased as we record third party legal and litigation expenses related to the United Therapeutics and Smiths Medical litigation.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Indemnification Asset and Litigation Finance Payable were classified as long-term assets and liabilities, respectively as it is considered unlikely that the RareGen Litigation would conclude prior to March 31, 2024.

6. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Accrued compensation	$	1,048	$	2,862
Accrued research and development expenses		749		1,757
Accrued other expenses		1,148		903
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	2,945	$	5,522

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7. Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock

Issuance of Common Stock on April 18, 2022 from an Underwritten Public Offering

On April 12, 2022, we sold 11,274,510 shares of our common stock in an underwritten registered public offering at an offering price of $5.10 per share (the “Offering”).

The Offering closed on April 18, 2022, and we received net proceeds of approximately $54.5 million from the sale of the shares, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses.

Caligan Partners LP (“Caligan”), our largest stockholder, and Paul B. Manning, a member of our Board of Directors, participated in the Offering and purchased shares of common stock in an aggregate amount of $11.0 million at the public offering price per share and on the same terms as the other purchasers in the Offering. Caligan purchased 1,764,705 shares of common stock in the Offering for an aggregate purchase price of $9.0 million and Paul B. Manning purchased 392,156 shares of common stock in the Offering for an aggregate purchase price of $2.0 million.

Issuance of Common Stock on March 31, 2022 from Merger Transaction

On November 18, 2020 (the “Closing Date”), we completed the acquisition of RareGen as contemplated by that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 29, 2020, as amended by a Limited Waiver and Modification to the Merger Agreement, dated as of August 3, 2020 (the “Merger Agreement”). On the Closing Date, an aggregate of 5,550,000 shares of our common stock, were issued to RareGen members in exchange for all of the issued and outstanding RareGen equity. On March 31, 2022, an aggregate of 616,666 shares of our common stock, which were held back on the Closing Date for indemnification purposes, were issued to RareGen members.

Warrants

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, no warrants to purchase shares of common stock were exercised.

Outstanding warrants consisted of the following March 31, 2023

	Number of
	warrants	Exercise Price		Expiration Date
A&R SVB Warrant (see Note 12)	250,000	$	5.14	January 6, 2032
SVB Warrant - Initial Tranche (see Note 12)	100,000	$	3.05	February 26, 2031
SVB Warrant - Term B and Term C Tranches (see Note 12)	100,000	$	n/a	February 26, 2031
Other warrants	65,572	$	0.02	December 31, 2026

8. Stock-Based Compensation

2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan

Our 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”) provides for the granting of stock appreciation rights, stock awards, stock units, and other stock-based awards and for accelerated vesting under certain change of control transactions. The number of shares of our common stock available for issuance under the 2020 plan will automatically increase on January 1 of each year through 2030, by an amount equal to the smaller of (a) 4% of the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding on the immediately preceding December 31, or (b) an amount determined by the Board of Directors (the “Evergreen Provision”). On January 1, 2023, the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2020 Plan automatically increased by 2,580,716 shares pursuant to the Evergreen Provision. As of March 31, 2023, 242,036 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2020 Plan.

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The 2020 Plan replaced all prior equity award plans and such plans have been discontinued, however, the outstanding awards will continue to remain in effect in accordance with their terms. Shares that are returned under these prior plans upon cancellation, termination or expiration of awards outstanding will not be available for grant under the 2020 Plan. As of March 31, 2023, a total of 672,193 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance related to the remaining outstanding equity awards granted under the prior plans.

2022 Inducement Plan

On January 25, 2022, the Board of Directors approved the adoption of our 2022 Inducement Plan (the “2022 Inducement Plan”). The 2022 Inducement Plan was recommended for approval by the Compensation Committee of the Board (the “Compensation Committee”), and subsequently approved and adopted by the Board of Directors without stockholder approval pursuant to Rule 5635(c)(4) of the rules and regulations of The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (the “Nasdaq Listing Rules”).

310,000 shares of our common stock were reserved for issuance pursuant to equity awards that may be granted under the 2022 Inducement Plan, and the 2022 Inducement Plan will be administered by the Compensation Committee. In accordance with Rule 5635(c)(4) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules, equity awards under the 2022 Inducement Plan may only be made to an employee who has not previously been an employee or member of the Board of Directors, or following a bona fide period of non-employment by us, if he or she is granted such equity awards in connection with his or her commencement of employment with us and such grant is an inducement material to his or her entering into employment with us. As of March 31, 2023, a total of 2,800 shares were available for issuance under the 2022 Inducement Plan.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In November 2020, stockholders approved the Liquidia Corporation 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). The number of shares of our common stock available for issuance under the ESPP will automatically increase by the lesser of (a) 1.0% of the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding on the immediately, (b) 150,000 shares, or (c) an amount determined by the Board of Directors. On January 1, 2023, the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the ESPP increased by 150,000 shares. As of March 31, 2023, a total of 616,778 shares of common stock are reserved for issuance under the ESPP. The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of our common stock at a discount through payroll deductions, subject to plan limitations. Unless otherwise determined by the administrator, the common stock will be purchased for the accounts of employees participating in the ESPP at a price per share that is 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of our common stock on the first and last trading day of the offering period. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, 81,281 and 5,017 shares were issued under the ESPP, respectively.

CEO Options

During December 2020, we issued a stock option grant to our then new Chief Executive Officer, Damian deGoa, to purchase up to 2,000,000 shares of our common stock (the “CEO Option”) at an exercise price of $3.00 per share. The CEO Option was issued outside of the 2020 Plan and 1,375,000 options vested in the fourth quarter of 2021 upon the achievement of certain milestones and the passage of time, and ceased vesting upon the termination of Mr. deGoa’s employment on January 31, 2022. However, the CEO Option will remain exercisable so long as Mr. deGoa remains a member of our Board of Directors in accordance with his Separation Agreement. This change to vesting terms was treated as a modification of the original award resulting in a stock-based compensation charge of $2.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Stock-Based Compensation Valuation and Expense

We account for employee stock-based compensation plans using the fair value method. The fair value method requires us to estimate the grant-date fair value of stock-based awards and amortize this fair value to compensation expense over the requisite service period or vesting term. The fair value of each option grant is estimated using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

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For restricted stock units (“RSUs”), the grant-date fair value is based upon the market price of our common stock on the date of the grant. This fair value is then amortized to compensation expense over the requisite service period or vesting term.

Total stock-based compensation expense recognized for employees and non-employees was as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
By Expense Category:	2023		2022
Research and development	$	581	$	383
General and administrative		1,971		3,802
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	2,552	$	4,185

The following table summarizes the unamortized compensation expense and the remaining years over which such expense would be expected to be recognized, on a weighted average basis, by type of award:

	As of March 31, 2023
			Weighted
			Average
			Remaining
			Recognition
	Unamortized		Period
	Expense		(Years)
Stock options	$	19,293	2.9
Restricted stock units	$	10,692	3.6

Fair Value of Stock Options Granted and Purchase Rights Issued under the ESPP

We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options granted and purchase rights issued under the ESPP.

The following table summarizes the assumptions used for estimating the fair value of stock options granted under the Black-Scholes option-pricing model:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023	2022
Expected dividend yield	—	—
Risk-free interest rate	3.46% - 3.64%	1.46% - 2.34%
Expected volatility	94% - 95%	90% - 92%
Expected life (years)	5.9 - 6.1	6.0 - .6.1

The weighted average fair value for options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $4.80 and $4.37 per share, respectively.

The following table summarizes the assumptions used for estimating the fair value of purchase rights granted to employees under the ESPP under the Black-Scholes option-pricing model:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023	2022
Expected dividend yield	—	—
Risk-free interest rate	5.20%	0.69%
Expected volatility	64%	80%
Expected life (years)	0.50	0.50

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The following table summarizes stock option activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023:

				Weighted
		Weighted		Average
		Average		Contractual	Aggregate
	Number of	Exercise		Term	Intrinsic
	Shares	Price		(in years)	Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022	8,398,262	$	4.49
Granted	1,144,146		6.17
Exercised	(21,447)		3.68
Cancelled	(6,120)		2.97
Outstanding as of March 31, 2023	9,514,841	$	4.69	8.5	$	22,693
Exercisable as of March 31, 2023	4,366,134	$	4.27	7.8	$	13,072
Vested and expected to vest as of March 31, 2023	9,112,607	$	4.69	8.5	$	21,845

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options in the table above represents the difference between the $6.91 closing price of our common stock as of March 31, 2023 and the exercise price of outstanding, exercisable, and vested and expected to vest in-the-money stock options.

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) represent the right to receive shares of our common stock at the end of a specified time period or upon the achievement of a specific milestone. RSUs can only be settled in shares of our common stock. RSUs generally vest over a four-year period similar to stock options granted to employees.

A summary of unvested RSU awards outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and changes during the three months ended March 31, 2023 is as follows:

		Weighted
		Average
		Grant-Date
	Number of	Fair Value
	RSUs	(per RSU)
Unvested as of December 31, 2022	407,726	$	5.57
Granted	1,483,166		6.48
Vested	(89,804)		6.00
Forfeited	(1,617)		6.75
Unvested as of March 31, 2023	1,799,471	$	6.30

9. Revenue From Contracts With Customers

In August 2018, we entered into a Promotion Agreement with Sandoz under which have the exclusive rights to conduct commercial activities to encourage the appropriate use of Treprostinil Injection for the treatment of patients with PAH in the United States. We paid Sandoz $20 million at the inception of the Promotion Agreement in consideration for these rights. In exchange for conducting these commercial activities, we are entitled to receive a share of Net Profits (as defined within the Promotion Agreement) based on specified profit levels. The share of Net Profits received is subject to adjustments from Sandoz for certain items such as distributor chargebacks, rebates, inventory returns, inventory write-offs and other adjustments. We expect to refund certain amounts to Sandoz through a reduction of the cash received from future Net Profits generated under the Promotion Agreement. As of March 31, 2023, a $0.9 million refund liability is offset against accounts receivable from Sandoz related to expected refund amounts. Approximately 99% of revenue during three months ended March 31, 2023 was generated from the Promotion Agreement.

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10. Leases

Operating Leases

We are party to a non-cancelable operating lease for our laboratory and office space in Morrisville, North Carolina. The lease expires on October 31, 2026 with an option to extend for an additional period of five years with appropriate notice. We have not included the optional extension period in the measurement of lease liabilities because it is not reasonably certain that we will exercise the option to extend. The payments under this lease is subject to escalation clauses. Operating lease cost is allocated between research and development and general and administrative expenses based on the usage of the leased facilities. The related right-of-use assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset.

Finance Leases

We lease specialized laboratory equipment under finance leases. We do not have access to certain inputs used by our lessors to calculate the rate implicit in its finance leases and, as such, use our estimated incremental borrowing rate at the time of lease inception for the discount rate applied to our finance leases. The incremental borrowing rate used on finance leases was 6.5%. Certain finance leases also include options to purchase the leased property. We recognize all such purchase options as part of our right-of-use assets and lease liabilities if we are reasonably certain that such purchase options will be exercised.

Lease Balances, Costs, and Future Minimum Payments

Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. As of March 31, 2023, we have not entered into any short-term leases. For lease agreements entered into or reassessed after the adoption of ASC 842 Leases, we combine lease and non-lease components, if any. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Our lease cost is reflected in the accompanying condensed statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows:

		Three Months Ended March 31,
	Classification	2023		2022
Operating lease cost:
Fixed lease cost	Research and development	$	176	$	176
Fixed lease cost	General and administrative		19		19
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of lease assets	Research and development		30		38
Interest on lease liabilities	Interest expense		5		10
Total Lease Cost		$	230	$	243

The weighted average remaining lease term and discount rates as of March 31, 2023 were as follows:

Weighted average remaining lease term (years):
Operating leases	3.6
Finance leases	2.1
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	10.3	%
Finance leases	6.5	%

The discount rate for leases was estimated based upon market rates of collateralized loan obligations of comparable companies on comparable terms at the time of lease inception.

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The future minimum lease payment as of March 31, 2023 were as follows:

	Operating		Finance
Year ending December 31:	Leases		Leases		Total
2023 (nine months remaining)	$	964	$	86	$	1,050
2024		1,317		115		1,432
2025		1,356		64		1,420
2026		1,158		—		1,158
Total minimum lease payments		4,795		265		5,060
Less: interest		(777)		(18)		(795)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	4,018	$	247	$	4,265

11. Revenue Interest Financing Payable

On January 9, 2023, we entered into the RIFA with HCR and HealthCare Royalty Management, LLC, pursuant to which and subject to the terms and conditions contained therein, HCR agreed to pay us an aggregate investment amount of up to $100.0 million (the “Investment Amount”). On January 27, 2023, $32.5 million of the Investment Amount was funded, $22.2 million of which was used to satisfy our existing obligations under the A&R SVB LSA (see Note 12).

An additional $7.5 million of the Investment Amount will be funded fifteen business days after a request made by us to HCR to fund acquisition of rights, whether in the form of an acquisition, license, joint venture or similar transaction, to a clinical stage or commercial stage biopharmaceutical product to diagnose, prevent, or treat pulmonary hypertension, an additional $35.0 million of the Investment Amount will be funded fifteen business days after the earlier of regulatory approval of YUTREPIA or a favorable determination relating to the asserted patents in the ongoing patent litigation with United Therapeutics, and the remaining $25.0 million of the Investment Amount will be funded fifteen business days after the mutual agreement of HCR and us to fund such amount (the “Fourth Investment Amount”).

As consideration for the Investment Amount and pursuant to the RIFA, we have agreed to pay HCR a tiered royalty on our annual net revenue after the first commercial sale of YUTREPIA (the “Revenue Interests”). Except as may otherwise be mutually agreed to in connection with the funding of the Fourth Investment Amount, the applicable tiered percentage will range from 3.60% to 10.00% on the first $250 million on annual net revenue, 1.44% to 4.00% on the next $250 million in annual net revenue, and 0.36% to 1.00% on all annual net revenue in excess of $500 million. The specific royalty rate within such ranges will depend upon the total amount advanced by HCR and our achievement of a certain annual net revenue threshold for the calendar year 2025. We will also make certain fixed quarterly payments to HCR, plus an additional amount on a ratable basis to reflect the funding of additional amounts by HCR under the RIFA. We will be required to make additional payments to HCR in the event that the first commercial sale of YUTREPIA does not occur by June 30, 2025 and certain minimum quarterly royalty payments beginning in 2026.

If HCR has not received cumulative payments equaling at least 60% of the amount funded to date by December 31, 2026 or at least 100% of the amount funded to date by December 31, 2028, we will be obligated to make a cash payment to HCR immediately following each applicable date in an amount sufficient to achieve such percentage funded amounts to HCR giving full consideration of the cumulative amounts paid to HCR by us through each date.

HCR’s rights to receive the Revenue Interests will terminate on the date on which HCR has received payments equal to 175% of funded portion of the Investment Amount less the aggregate amount of all payments made to HCR as of such date (the “Hard Cap”), plus an amount, if any, that HCR would need to receive to yield an internal rate of return on the funded Investment Amount equal to 18% (the “IRR True-Up Payment”), unless the RIFA is earlier terminated. If a change of control of occurs or upon the occurrence of an event of default, HCR may accelerate payments due under the RIFA up to the Hard Cap, plus the IRR True-Up Payment, plus any other obligations payable under the RIFA.

The RIFA contains customary affirmative and negative covenants and customary events of default and other events that would cause acceleration, including, among other things, the occurrence of certain material adverse events or the material breach of certain representations and warranties and specified covenants, in which event HCR may elect to terminate the RIFA and require us to make payments to HCR equal to the lesser of (a) the Hard Cap, plus any other

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obligations payable under the RIFA, or (b) the funded portion of the Investment Amount, minus payments received by HCR in respect of the Revenue Interests, plus the IRR True-Up Payment. If the FDA grants final approval to an inhaled treprostinil product therapeutically equivalent to YUTREPIA and HCR has not received 100% of the amount funded by HCR to date, then we will be required to make payments to HCR equal to 100% of the amount funded by HCR to date, minus payments received by HCR in respect of the Revenue Interests.

The RIFA contains certain restrictions on our ability, among other things, to incur additional debt, grant or permit additional liens, make investments and acquisitions, dispose of assets, pay dividends and distributions, subject to certain exceptions. In addition, the RIFA contains a financial covenant that requires us to maintain cash and cash equivalents in an amount at least equal to $7.5 million during the calendar year beginning on January 1, 2024 and at least equal to $15.0 million for the remainder of the payment term after the calendar year ended December 31, 2024.

As of the filing date of these condensed consolidated financial statements, we are not aware of any breach of covenants, occurrence of material adverse event, nor have we received any notice of event of default from HCR.

We recorded the initial funds received from HCR of $32.5 million under the terms of the RIFA as a liability. The issuance costs, consisting primarily of legal fees, totaled $0.8 million and were recorded as a deduction of the carrying amount of the liability and will be amortized under the effective interest method over the estimated period the liability will be repaid. We estimated the total amount of future revenue to be generated over the life of the RIFA to determine the non-cash interest expense to record to accrete the liability to the amount ultimately due. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we estimated an effective annual interest rate of approximately 17%. Over the course of the RIFA, the actual interest rate will be affected by the amount and timing of net revenue recognized and changes in the amount and timing of forecasted net revenue. On a quarterly basis, we will reassess the expected amount and timing of the net revenue, recalculate the amortization and effective interest rate and adjust the accounting prospectively as needed.

The following table presents the changes in the liability related to RIFA during the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	March 31,
	2023
Balance as of January 27, 2023 closing	$	32,500
Issuance costs		(836)
Non-cash interest expense		938
Amortization of issuance costs		15
Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	32,617
Less: current portion of revenue interest financing payable		(2,000)
Long-term portion of revenue interest financing payable	$	30,617

12. Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following:

		March 31,		December 31,
	Maturity Date	2023		2022
A&R Silicon Valley Bank term loan	December 1, 2025	$	—	$	19,879

Concurrent with the closing of the RIFA on January 27, 2023 (see Note 11), we repaid the amounts due under the SVB A&R LSA (as defined below), including termination fees and the Final Payment Fee, in full. This repayment resulted in a loss on extinguishment during the three months ended March 31, 2023 of $2.3 million.

On January 7, 2022 (the “A&R SVB LSA Effective Date”), we entered into an Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement with SVB and SVB Innovation Credit Fund VIII, L.P. (“Innovation”) (the “A&R SVB LSA”). under which $20.0 million was funded on the A&R SVB LSA Effective Date. $10.5 million of the proceeds were used to satisfy its existing obligations with SVB and such obligations are considered fully repaid and terminated as of that date.

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We accounted for such repayment in accordance with ASC 405-20, Extinguishments of Liabilities, which resulted in a loss on extinguishment during the three months ended March 31, 2022 of $1.0 million.

The A&R SVB LSA was to mature on December 1, 2025, and consisted of interest-only payments equal to the greater of 7.25% and the prime rate of interest plus 4.0% of the outstanding principal amount. The SVB A&R LSA also provided for a “Final Payment Fee” of 5.0% of the aggregate original principal amount of all loans made and a payment solely to SVB of $185,000 due on the earliest of the maturity date, the repayment of the debt in full, any optional prepayment or mandatory prepayment, or the termination of the A&R SVB LSA.

As an inducement to enter into the A&R SVB LSA, we issued SVB, Innovation, and Innovation Credit Fund VIII-A L.P. (“Innovation Credit”) warrants to purchase an aggregate of 250,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $5.14 per share. The A&R SVB Warrants provide an option for a cashless exercise.

We evaluated the features of the A&R SVB LSA and A&R SVB Warrants in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging and determined that they did not contain any features that would qualify as a derivative or embedded derivative. In addition, we determined that the A&R SVB Warrants should be classified as equity.

In accordance with ASC 470, Debt, the value of the A&R SVB Warrants and A&R SVB LSA was allocated using a relative fair value allocation. The fair value of the A&R SVB Warrants was determined to be $1.3 million and included in additional paid-in-capital, of which $0.7 million was recognized as a component of the loss on extinguishment and $0.6 million as a debt discount. The remaining $19.4 million was allocated to the A&R SVB LSA. In addition, we incurred fees of less than $0.1 million, which were recorded as debt issuance costs. The debt discount and debt issuance costs were being amortized to interest expense and the Final Payment Fee was being accreted using the effective interest method over the term of the A&R SVB LSA.

The estimated fair value of the SVB Warrant was calculated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model based on the following inputs:

Expected dividend yield	—
Risk-free interest rate	1.76%
Expected volatility	97.2%
Expected life (years)	10.0

13. Commitments and Contingencies

Mainbridge Health Care Device Development and Supply Agreement

On December 1, 2022, we entered into a Device Development and Supply Agreement (the “Pump Development Agreement”) with Mainbridge Health Partners, LLC (“Mainbridge”) and Sandoz Inc. (“Sandoz”). The Pump Development Agreement provides for the cooperation between us, Sandoz and Mainbridge to develop a new pump that is suitable for the subcutaneous administration of Treprostinil Injection. Mainbridge will perform all development, validation and testing activities required for the pump and related consumables in anticipation of submitting a 510(k) clearance application for the pump to the FDA in 2023. In connection with the Pump Development Agreement, we and Sandoz have agreed to pay Mainbridge certain future contingent milestone payments in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth therein.

UNC License Agreement

We perform research under a license agreement with The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (“UNC”) as amended to date (the “UNC License Agreement”). As part of the UNC License Agreement, we hold an exclusive license to certain research and development technologies and processes in various stages of patent pursuit, for use in its research and development and commercial activities, with a term until the expiration date of the last to expire patent subject to the

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UNC License Agreement, subject to industry standard contractual compliance. Under the UNC License Agreement, we are obligated to pay UNC royalties equal to a low single digit percentage of all net sales of drug products whose manufacture, use or sale includes any use of the technology or patent rights covered by the UNC License Agreement, including YUTREPIA. We may grant sublicenses of UNC licensed intellectual property in return for specified payments based on a percentage of any fee, royalty or other consideration received.

Chasm Technologies

In March 2012, we entered into an agreement, as amended, with Chasm Technologies, Inc. for manufacturing consulting services related to our manufacturing capabilities during the term of the agreement. We agreed to pay future contingent milestones and royalties on net sales totaling no more than $1.5 million, none of which has been earned as of March 31, 2023.

Employment Agreements

We have agreements with certain employees which require payments if certain events, such as a change in control or termination without cause, occur.

Purchase Obligations

We enter into contracts in the normal course of business with contract service providers to assist in the performance of research and development and manufacturing activities. Subject to required notice periods and obligations under binding purchase orders, we can elect to discontinue the work under these agreements at any time. As of March 31, 2023, we have non-cancelable commitments for product manufacturing costs of approximately $5.5 million for the year ending 2023.

In addition, we are party to a multi-year supply agreement with LGM Pharma, LLC (LGM) to produce active pharmaceutical ingredients for YUTREPIA. Under the supply agreement with LGM, we are required to provide rolling forecasts, a portion of which will be considered a binding, firm order, subject to an annual minimum purchase commitment of $2.7 million for the term of the agreement. The agreement expires five years from the first marketing authorization approval of YUTREPIA.

Other Contingencies and Commitments

From time-to-time we are subject to claims and litigation in the normal course of business, none of which do we believe represent a risk of material loss or exposure. See Note 14 for further discussion of pending legal proceedings.

In addition to the commitments described above, we are party to other commitments, including non-cancelable leases and long-term debt, which are described elsewhere in these notes to the consolidated condensed financial statements.

14. Legal Proceedings

YUTREPIA-Related Litigation

In June 2020, United Therapeutics filed a complaint for patent infringement against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware (Case No. 1:20-cv-00755-RGA) (the “Hatch-Waxman Litigation”), asserting infringement by the Company of U.S. Patent Nos. 9,604,901, entitled “Process to Prepare Treprostinil, the Active Ingredient in Remodulin®” (the “‘901 Patent”), and 9,593,066, entitled “Process to Prepare Treprostinil, the Active Ingredient in Remodulin®” (the “‘066 Patent”), relating to United Therapeutics’ Tyvaso®, a nebulized treprostinil solution for the treatment of PAH. United Therapeutics’ complaint was in response to the Company’s NDA for YUTREPIA, filed with the FDA, requesting approval to market YUTREPIA, a dry powder inhalation of treprostinil for the treatment of PAH. The YUTREPIA NDA was filed under the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway with Tyvaso® as the reference listed drug.

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In July 2020, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) issued U.S. Patent No. 10,716,793 (the “‘793 Patent”), entitled “Treprostinil Administration by Inhalation”, to United Therapeutics. In July 2020, United Therapeutics filed an amended complaint in the Hatch-Waxman Litigation asserting infringement of the ‘793 Patent by the practice of YUTREPIA.

In June 2021, the Court held a claim construction hearing. Based on the Court’s construction of the claim terms, United Therapeutics filed a stipulation of partial judgment with respect to the ‘901 Patent in December 2021 under which United Therapeutics agreed to the entry of judgment of the Company’s non-infringement of the ’901 Patent. United Therapeutics preserved its appellate rights with respect to the ‘901 Patent in the event the Court’s construction of those terms is reversed.

Trial proceedings in the Hatch-Waxman Litigation were held in March 2022. In August 2022, Judge Andrews, who was presiding over the Hatch-Waxman Litigation, issued an opinion that claims 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9 of the ‘066 Patent were invalid, that the remaining asserted claims of the ‘066 Patent were not infringed by the Company, and that all of the asserted claims of the ‘793 Patent were both valid and infringed by the Company, based on the arguments presented by the Company in the Hatch-Waxman Litigation. In September 2022, Judge Andrews entered a final judgment in the Hatch-Waxman Litigation that incorporated the findings from his opinion and ordered that the effective date of any final approval by the FDA of YUTREPIA shall be a date which is not earlier than the expiration date of the ’793 Patent, which will be in 2027. Both the Company and United Therapeutics have appealed Judge Andrews’ decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The appeal remains pending and oral argument was held on May 3, 2023.

In September 2022, following entry of final judgment, the Company filed a motion requesting that Judge Andrews stay enforcement of the order delaying the effective date of any final approval by the FDA of YUTREPIA until the expiration of the ’793 Patent. Briefing on the motion for stay of enforcement is complete, and the motion remains pending with the Court.

In March 2020, the Company filed two petitions for inter partes review with the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (the “PTAB”) of the USPTO. One petition was for inter partes review of the ‘901 Patent and sought a determination that the claims in the ‘901 Patent are invalid, and a second petition was for inter partes review of the ‘066 Patent and sought a determination that the claims in the ‘066 Patent are invalid. In October 2020, the PTAB instituted an inter partes review of the ‘901 Patent and concurrently denied institution on the ‘066 Patent, stating that the ‘066 petition has not established a reasonable likelihood that it would prevail in showing that at least one of the challenged claims is unpatentable. In October 2021, the PTAB issued a final written decision concluding that seven of the claims in the ‘901 patent were unpatentable, leaving only the narrower dependent claims 6 and 7, both of which require actual storage at ambient temperature of treprostinil sodium. In November 2021, United Therapeutics submitted a rehearing request with respect to the PTAB’s decision in the inter partes review of the ‘901 Patent. The rehearing request was denied in June 2022. In August 2022, United Therapeutics appealed the decision of the PTAB with respect to the ‘901 Patent to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The appeal remains pending.

In January 2021, the Company filed a petition for inter partes review with the PTAB relating to the ‘793 Patent, seeking a determination that the claims in the ‘793 Patent are invalid. In August 2021, the PTAB instituted an inter partes review of the ‘793 Patent, finding that the Company had demonstrated a reasonable likelihood that it would prevail with respect to showing that at least one challenged claim of the ‘793 patent is unpatentable as obvious over the combination of certain prior art cited by the Company in its petition to the PTAB. In July 2022, the PTAB ruled in the Company’s favor, concluding that based on the preponderance of the evidence, all the claims of the ’793 Patent have been shown to be unpatentable. In August 2022, United Therapeutics submitted a rehearing request with respect to the PTAB’s decision in the inter partes review of the ‘793 Patent. The rehearing request was denied in February 2023. In April 2023, United Therapeutics appealed the decision of the PTAB with respect to the ‘793 Patent to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The appeal remains pending. The PTAB’s decision with respect to the ‘793 Patent will not override Judge Andrews’ order in the Hatch-Waxman Litigation that YUTREPIA may not be approved due to infringement of the ‘793 Patent unless and until the decision of the PTAB is affirmed on appeal.

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Trade Secret Litigation

In December 2021, United Therapeutics filed a complaint in the Superior Court in Durham County, North Carolina, alleging that the Company and a former United Therapeutics employee, who later joined the Company as an employee many years after terminating his employment with United Therapeutics, conspired to misappropriate certain trade secrets of United Therapeutics and engaged in unfair or deceptive trade practices. In January 2022, the Company’s co-defendant in the lawsuit removed the lawsuit to the United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina. Subsequently, in January 2022, United Therapeutics filed an amended complaint eliminating their claim under the federal Defend Trade Secrets Act and a motion seeking to have the case remanded to North Carolina state court. In April 2022, the Court granted United Therapeutics’ motion to have the case remanded to North Carolina state court. In May 2022, the Company filed a motion to dismiss all of the claims made by United Therapeutics in the lawsuit. The motion was denied by the Court in October 2022. Discovery in the case is ongoing.

RareGen Litigation

In April 2019, Sandoz and Liquidia PAH (then known as RareGen) filed a complaint against United Therapeutics and Smiths Medical in the District Court of New Jersey (Case No. No. 3:19-cv-10170), (the “RareGen Litigation”), alleging that United Therapeutics and Smiths Medical violated the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, state law antitrust statutes and unfair competition statutes by engaging in anticompetitive acts regarding the drug treprostinil for the treatment of PAH. In March 2020, Sandoz and Liquidia PAH filed a first amended complaint adding a claim that United Therapeutics breached a settlement agreement that was entered into in 2015, in which United Therapeutics agreed to not interfere with Sandoz’s efforts to launch its generic treprostinil, by taking calculated steps to restrict and interfere with the launch of Sandoz’s competing generic product. United Therapeutics developed treprostinil under the brand name Remodulin® and Smiths Medical manufactured a pump and cartridges that are used to inject treprostinil into patients continuously throughout the day. Sandoz and Liquidia PAH allege that United Therapeutics and Smiths Medical entered into anticompetitive agreements (i) whereby Smiths Medical placed restrictions on the cartridges such that they can only be used with United Therapeutics’ branded Remodulin® product and (ii) requiring Smiths Medical to enter into agreements with specialty pharmacies to sell the cartridges only for use with Remodulin®.

In November 2020, Sandoz and Liquidia PAH entered into a binding term sheet (the “Term Sheet”) with Smiths Medical in order to resolve the outstanding RareGen Litigation solely with respect to disputes between Smiths Medical, Liquidia PAH and Sandoz. In April 2021, Liquidia PAH and Sandoz entered into a Long Form Settlement Agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) with Smiths Medical to further detail the terms of the settlement among such parties as reflected in the Term Sheet. Pursuant to the Term Sheet and the Settlement Agreement, the former RareGen members and Sandoz received a payment of $4.25 million that was evenly split between the parties. In addition, pursuant to the Term Sheet and Settlement Agreement, Smiths Medical disclosed and made available to Sandoz and Liquidia PAH certain specifications and other information related to the cartridge that Smiths Medical developed and manufactures for use with the CADD-MS 3 infusion pump (the “CADD-MS 3 Cartridge”). Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, Smiths Medical also granted Liquidia PAH and Sandoz a non-exclusive, royalty-free license in the United States to Smiths Medical’s patents and copyrights associated with the CADD-MS 3 Cartridge and certain other information for use of the CADD-MS 3 pump and the CADD-MS 3 Cartridges. Smiths also agreed in the Settlement Agreement to provide information and assistance in support of Liquidia PAH’s efforts to receive FDA clearance for the RG 3ml Medication Cartridge (the “RG Cartridge”) and to continue to service certain CADD-MS 3 pumps that are available for use with the Treprostinil Injection through January 1, 2025. Liquidia PAH and Sandoz agreed, among other things, to indemnify Smiths from certain liabilities related to the RG Cartridge.

In September 2021, United Therapeutics filed a motion for summary judgment with respect to all of the claims brought by Sandoz and Liquidia PAH against United Therapeutics. At the same time, Sandoz filed a motion for summary judgment with respect to the breach of contract claim. In March 2022, the Court issued an order granting partial summary judgment to United Therapeutics with respect to the antitrust and unfair competition claims, denying summary judgment to United Therapeutics with respect to the breach of contract claim, and granting partial summary judgment to Sandoz with respect to the breach of contract claim. The RareGen Litigation will now proceed to a trial to determine the amount of damages due from United Therapeutics to Sandoz with respect to the breach of contract claim. The Court has expressed a goal of holding a three-day bench trial to be scheduled for the summer of 2023.

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Under the Promotion Agreement, all proceeds from the litigation will be divided evenly between Sandoz and Liquidia PAH. Under the litigation finance agreements that Liquidia PAH has entered into with Henderson and PBM, any net proceeds received by Liquidia PAH with respect to the RareGen Litigation will be divided between Henderson and PBM.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion and other parts of this Quarterly Report contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. As a result of many factors, including those factors set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of this Quarterly Report, our actual results could differ materially from the results described in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

Objective

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is intended to provide information necessary to understand our condensed consolidated financial statements and highlight certain other information which, in the opinion of management, will enhance a reader’s understanding of our financial condition, changes in financial condition and results of operations. In particular, the discussion is intended to provide an analysis of significant trends and material changes in our financial position and the operating results of our business during the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. Also refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, which includes detailed discussions of various items impacting our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Overview

We are a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development, manufacture, and commercialization of products that address unmet patient needs, with current focus directed towards the treatment of pulmonary hypertension (“PH’). We operate through our wholly owned operating subsidiaries, Liquidia Technologies, Inc. (“Liquidia Technologies”) and Liquidia PAH, LLC (“Liquidia PAH”), formerly known as RareGen, LLC (“RareGen”).

We currently generate revenue pursuant to a promotion agreement between Liquidia PAH and Sandoz Inc. (“Sandoz”), dated as of August 1, 2018, as amended (the “Promotion Agreement”), sharing profit derived from the sale of Sandoz’s substitutable generic treprostinil injection (“Treprostinil Injection”) in the United States. Liquidia PAH has the exclusive rights to conduct commercial activities to encourage the appropriate use of Treprostinil Injection. We employ a targeted sales force calling on physicians and hospital pharmacies involved in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (“PAH”) in the United States, as well as key stakeholders involved in the distribution and reimbursement of Treprostinil Injection. Strategically, we believe that our commercial presence in the field will enable an efficient base to expand from for the launch of YUTREPIA upon final approval, leveraging existing relationships and further validating our reputation as a company committed to supporting PAH patients.

We conduct research, development and manufacturing of novel products by applying our subject matter expertise in cardiopulmonary disease and our proprietary PRINT® technology, a particle engineering platform, to enable precise production of uniform drug particles designed to improve the safety, efficacy and performance of a wide range of therapies. Through development of our own products and research with third parties, we have experience applying PRINT across multiple routes of administration and drug payloads including inhaled therapies, vaccines, biologics, nucleic acids and ophthalmic implants, among others.

Our lead product candidate is YUTREPIA for the treatment of PAH. YUTREPIA is an inhaled dry powder formulation of treprostinil designed with PRINT to improve the therapeutic profile of treprostinil by enhancing deep lung delivery while using a convenient, low resistance dry-powder inhaler (“DPI”) and by achieving higher dose levels than the labeled doses of current inhaled therapies. The United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) tentatively

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approved our New Drug Application (“NDA”) for YUTREPIA for the treatment of PAH in November 2021. The FDA also confirmed that the clinical data in the NDA would support our pursuit of a supplemental NDA to treat patients with pulmonary hypertension and interstitial lung disease (PH-ILD) upon the expiration of regulatory exclusivity in March 2024.

Since our inception, we have incurred significant operating losses. Our net loss was $11.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and $41.0 million and $34.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $362.3 million. We expect to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future as we advance product candidates through clinical trials, seek regulatory approval and prepare for commercialization of any approved product candidates. In addition, we may incur expenses in connection with the in-license or acquisition of additional product candidates.

Recent Events

Research License Agreement with Glaxo Group Limited

On March 31, 2023, we entered into a Research License Agreement (the “Research License Agreement”) with Glaxo Group Limited (“GSK”), which superseded the Inhaled Collaboration and Option Agreement that we entered into with GSK on June 15, 2012. Under the terms of the Research License Agreement, GSK received a non-exclusive, non-sublicensable, royalty-free license to use Liquidia’s proprietary PRINT technology for the sole purpose of conducting pre-clinical research and pre-clinical development. Pursuant to the terms of the Research License Agreement, GSK will be required to seek an expanded license before it may use PRINT for clinical or commercial purposes and Liquidia will have the right to apply PRINT to all inhaled formulations other than certain identified GSK proprietary molecules.

Components of Consolidated Statements of Operations

Revenue

We primarily generate revenue pursuant to the Promotion Agreement, under which we receive a 50% share in the profit derived from the sale of Treprostinil Injection in the United States. Liquidia PAH has the exclusive rights to conduct commercial activities to encourage the appropriate use of Treprostinil Injection. On May 21, 2021, Liquidia PAH’s manufacturing partner, Chengdu Shifeng Medical Technologies LTD (“Chengdu”) began selling the RG Cartridge, which may be used to supply medications to PAH patients with the CADD-MS 3 pump manufactured by Smiths Medical ASD, Inc. During 2022, we became aware of shortages of critical components of the CADD-MS 3 pump that have caused the number of CADD-MS 3 infusion pumps available for the subcutaneous administration of Treprostinil Injection to be limited.  Due to this limitation in the availability of pumps, specialty pharmacies are not currently placing new patients on to subcutaneous Treprostinil Injection therapy in order to preserve the available pumps for those patients already receiving subcutaneous administration of Treprostinil Injection. We are seeking to work with third parties to resolve the component shortage to increase the available supply of CADD-MS 3 pumps and to develop or procure other pumps that can be used to administer Treprostinil Injection in the future. Future revenue may be impacted until new components or alternative pumps are available.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue consists of (i) the cost of employing a targeted sales force calling on physicians and hospital pharmacies involved in the treatment of PAH, as well as key stakeholders involved in the distribution and reimbursement of Treprostinil Injection and (ii) a portion of the amortization of the intangible asset associated with the Promotion Agreement. We amortize the intangible asset associated with the Promotion Agreement in a manner consistent with our recognition of the related revenue.

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Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist of expenses incurred in connection with the development of our product candidates. We expense research and development costs as incurred. These expenses include:

● expenses incurred under agreements with contract research organizations as well as investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials and preclinical studies;

● manufacturing process development and scale-up expenses and the cost of acquiring and manufacturing preclinical and clinical trial materials and commercial materials, including manufacturing validation batches;

● outsourced professional scientific development services;

● employee-related expenses, which include salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation for personnel in research and development functions;

● expenses relating to regulatory activities, including filing fees paid to regulatory agencies;

● laboratory materials and supplies used to support our research activities; and

● allocated expenses for utilities and other facility-related costs.

Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage clinical trials. In the near term we expect that our research and development expenses to increase as we complete manufacturing activities and explore potential clinical trials. However, levels of research and development spending are highly dependent upon the selection and progression of product candidates. The successful development of our product candidates is highly uncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate or know the nature, timing and costs of the efforts that will be necessary to complete the remainder of the development of, or when, if ever, material net cash inflows may commence from any of our product candidates. This uncertainty is due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the duration and cost of clinical trials, which vary significantly over the life of a project as a result of many factors, including:

● the number of clinical sites included in the trials;

● the length of time required to enroll suitable patients;

● the number of patients that ultimately participate in the trials;

● the number of doses patients receive;

● the duration of patient follow-up; and

● the results of our clinical trials.

Our expenditures are subject to additional uncertainties, including the terms and timing of regulatory approvals, and the expense of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent claims or other intellectual property rights. We may never succeed in achieving regulatory approval for any of our product candidates. We may obtain unexpected results from our clinical trials. We may elect to discontinue, delay or modify clinical trials of some product candidates or focus on others. A change in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to the development of a product candidate could mean a significant change in the costs and timing associated with the development of that product candidate. For example, if the FDA or other regulatory authorities were to require us to conduct clinical trials beyond those that we currently anticipate, or if we experience significant delays in enrollment in any of our clinical trials, or our ability to

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manufacture and supply product, we could be required to expend significant additional financial resources and time on the completion of clinical development. Drug commercialization will take several years and millions of dollars in development costs.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist principally of salaries and related costs for personnel in executive, administrative, finance and legal functions, including stock-based compensation. Other general and administrative expenses include facility-related costs, patent filing and prosecution costs and professional fees for marketing, legal, auditing and tax services and insurance costs.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income (expense) is comprised of interest income and expense and loss on extinguishment of debt. Interest income consists of interest earned on our cash deposits. Interest expense consists of interest charges on the revenue interest financing payable, finance leases and long-term debt. These charges include monthly recurring interest on such obligations in addition to non-cash charges. Non-cash charges include interest accretion, expensing of debt issuance costs and amortization of discounts on long-term debt to interest expense.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 compared with the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022

The following table summarizes the results of our operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, together with the changes in those items in dollars and as a percentage (in thousands, except for percentages):