10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to

Commission File Number: 001-39845

SES AI Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	88-0641865
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
35 Cabot Road Woburn, MA	01801
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (339) 298-8750

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of Exchange on which registered
Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share	SES	The New York Stock Exchange
Warrants, each exercisable for one share of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share	SES WS	The New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes  ☒    No   ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of October 31, 2023, there were 307,848,121 shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock and 43,881,251 shares of the registrant’s Class B common stock outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Part I.	Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements	4
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	7
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	16
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	22
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	22
Part II.	Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	23
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	23
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	24
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	24
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	24
Item 5.	Other Information	24
Item 6.	Exhibits	25
Signatures		26

2

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains statements that SES AI Corporation (together the “Company” or “SES”) believes are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements relating to expectations for future financial performance, business strategies or expectations for our business. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of the management of the Company. Although the Company believes that its plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by these forward-looking statements are reasonable, it cannot provide assurance that it will achieve or realize these plans, intentions or expectations. These statements constitute projections, forecasts and forward-looking statements, and are not guarantees of performance. Such statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. When used in this Quarterly Report, words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “strive,” “target,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking.

You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Should one or more of a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, the Company’s actual results or performance may be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Some factors that could cause actual results to differ include, but are not limited to the following risks:

● risks related to the development and commercialization of SES’s battery technology and the timing and achievement of expected business milestones;

● risks relating to the uncertainty of achieving and maintaining profitability;

● risks relating to the uncertainty of meeting future capital requirements;

● the ability of SES to integrate its products into electric vehicles (“EVs”) and Urban Air Mobility (“UAM”) and other applications;

● the risk that delays in the pre-manufacturing development of the Company’s battery cells could adversely affect our business and prospects;

● potential supply chain difficulties;

● the Company’s ability to engage target original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) customers successfully and integrate our products into EVs manufactured by OEM customers;

● the ability to obtain raw materials, components or equipment through new or existing supply relationships;

● the Company’s risks resulting from joint development agreements and other strategic alliances and investments; product liability and other potential litigation, regulation and legal compliance;

● the Company’s ability to attract, train and retain highly skilled employees and key personnel;

● the uncertainty in global economic conditions and risks relating to health epidemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic and any operational interruptions;

● developments in alternative technology or other fossil fuel alternatives;

● the Company’s risks related to intellectual property;

● business, regulatory, political, operational, financial and economic risks related to the Company’s business operations outside the United States;

● the Company has identified material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting and may identify material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fail to develop or maintain an effective system of internal controls;

● the volatility of the Company’s common stock and value of our public warrants; and

● the other factors disclosed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the Company’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), in particular the risks described in “Part II, Item 1A” of this Quarterly Report and “Part I, Item 1A” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 16, 2023.

The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are based on information available as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and current expectations, forecasts and assumptions, and involve a number of judgments, risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and should not be relied upon as representing the Company’s views as of any subsequent date. The Company does not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

SES AI Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	49,938	$	106,623
Short-term investments		292,225		283,460
Receivable from related party		2,481		2,383
Inventories		596		383
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		6,877		3,792
Total current assets		352,117		396,641
Property and equipment, net		34,995		27,756
Intangible assets, net		1,377		1,473
Right-of-use assets, net		11,341		11,363
Other assets		3,423		3,206
Total assets	$	403,253	$	440,439
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	5,820	$	6,187
Operating lease liabilities, current		2,144		1,899
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		7,837		11,271
Total current liabilities		15,801		19,357
Sponsor Earn-Out Liability		5,549		10,961
Operating lease liabilities, non-current		9,534		10,165
Unearned government grant		6,209		6,657
Other liabilities		2,437		1,760
Total liabilities		39,530		48,900
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock: Class A shares, $0.0001 par value, 2,100,000,000 shares authorized; 307,839,557 and 305,833,589 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively; Class B shares, $0.0001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 43,881,251 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022		35		35
Additional paid-in capital		554,403		538,041
Accumulated deficit		(187,933)		(145,286)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(2,782)		(1,251)
Total stockholders' equity		363,723		391,539
Total liabilities stockholders' equity	$	403,253	$	440,439

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

SES AI Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	8,472	$	8,421	$	23,308	$	19,680
General and administrative		10,885		13,308		36,932		40,305
Total operating expenses		19,357		21,729		60,240		59,985
Loss from operations		(19,357)		(21,729)		(60,240)		(59,985)
Other income (expense):
Interest income, net		4,197		1,972		12,466		2,460
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of Sponsor Earn-Out Liability, net		1,917		(4,870)		5,412		16,400
Other income (expense), net		(22)		420		393		(911)
Total other income (expense), net		6,092		(2,478)		18,271		17,949
Loss before income taxes		(13,265)		(24,207)		(41,969)		(42,036)
Provision for income taxes		(208)		(121)		(678)		(310)
Net loss		(13,473)		(24,328)		(42,647)		(42,346)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments		242		—		(12)		—
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(99)		(1,194)		(1,519)		(2,462)
Total comprehensive loss	$	(13,330)	$	(25,522)	$	(44,178)	$	(44,808)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.04)	$	(0.08)	$	(0.14)	$	(0.15)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted		315,627,263		311,680,656		314,550,810		280,859,250

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SES AI Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity

(Unaudited)

Nine Month Period Ended September 30, 2023
	Redeemable Convertible			Class A and Class B							Accumulated		Total
	Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Additional		Accumulated		Other Comprehensive		Stockholders’
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Paid-in-Capital		Deficit		Income (Loss)		Equity
Balance – December 31, 2022	—	$	—	349,714,840	$	35	$	538,041	$	(145,286)	$	(1,251)	$	391,539
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	—		—	94,319		—		13		—		—		13
Restricted stock units vested	—		—	4,727		—		—		—		—		—
Forfeitures of Earn-Out restricted shares	—		—	(1,904)		—		—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		—		6,462		—		—		6,462
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		(16,226)		—		(16,226)
Unrealized gain on investments	—		—	—		—		—		—		467		467
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—	—		—		—		—		72		72
Balance — March 31, 2023	—	$	—	349,811,982	$	35	$	544,516	$	(161,512)	$	(712)	$	382,327
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	—		—	477,443		—		64		—		—		64
Restricted stock units vested	—		—	924,179		—		—		—		—		—
Forfeitures of Restricted Stock Awards	—		—	(1,431)		—		—		—		—		—
Forfeitures of Earn-Out restricted shares	—		—	(237)		—		—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		—		7,325		—		—		7,325
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		(12,948)		—		(12,948)
Unrealized loss from investments	—		—	—		—		—		—		(721)		(721)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—	—		—		—		—		(1,492)		(1,492)
Balance — June 30, 2023	—	$	—	351,211,936	$	35	$	551,905	$	(174,460)	$	(2,925)	$	374,555
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	—		—	715,939		—		80		—		—		80
Restricted stock units vested	—		—	103,167		—		—		—		—		—
Forfeitures of Restricted Stock Awards	—		—	(3,708)		—		—		—		—		—
Forfeitures of Earn-Out restricted shares	—		—	(306,526)		—		—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		—		2,418		—		—		2,418
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		(13,473)		—		(13,473)
Unrealized gain from investments	—		—	—		—		—		—		242		242
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—	—		—		—		—		(99)		(99)
Balance — September 30, 2023	—	$	—	351,720,808	$	35	$	554,403	$	(187,933)	$	(2,782)	$	363,723

Nine Month Period Ended September 30, 2022
	Redeemable Convertible			Class A and Class B							Accumulated		Total
	Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Additional		Accumulated		Other Comprehensive		Stockholders’
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Paid-in-Capital		Deficit		Income (loss)		Equity
Balance – December 31, 2021	36,064,095	$	269,941	10,474,509	$	—	$	5,604	$	(94,293)	$	367	$	(88,322)
Retroactive application of reverse recapitalization upon Business Combination(1)	177,896,191		—	51,668,426		6		(6)		—		—		—
Balance — December 31, 2021, as converted	213,960,286	$	269,941	62,142,935	$	6	$	5,598	$	(94,293)	$	367	$	(88,322)
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock in connection with reverse recapitalization upon Business Combination	(213,960,286)		(269,941)	213,960,286		21		269,920		—		—		269,941
Business Combination and PIPE Financing, net of redemptions and transaction costs(2)	—		—	71,767,824		7		234,514		—		—		234,521
Forfeitures of Earn-Out restricted shares	—		—	(9,080)		—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	—		—	31,217		—		4		—		—		4
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		—		3,186		—		—		3,186
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		(27,033)		—		(27,033)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—	—		—		—		—		109		109
Balance — March 31, 2022	—	$	—	347,893,182	$	34	$	513,222	$	(121,326)	$	476	$	392,406
Release of accrued transaction costs related to Business Combination and PIPE Financing	—		—	—		—		6,174		—		—		6,174
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	—		—	337,453		—		38		—		—		38
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		—		5,547		—		—		5,547
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		9,015		—		9,015
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—	—		—		—		—		(1,377)		(1,377)
Balance — June 30, 2022	—	$	—	348,230,635	$	34	$	524,981	$	(112,311)	$	(901)	$	411,803
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	—		—	1,376,206		—		218		—		—		218
Restricted stock units vested	—		—	165,697		—		—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		—		7,214		—		—		7,214
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		(24,328)		—		(24,328)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—	—		—		—		—		(1,194)		(1,194)
Balance — September 30, 2022	—	$	—	349,772,538	$	34	$	532,413	$	(136,639)	$	(2,095)	$	393,713

(1) Included in the share number is 39,881,455 shares of Class B common stock as of December 31, 2021 issued upon recapitalization to the SES Founder Group (defined in Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 16, 2023).

(2) Includes issuance of 33,793,878 restricted shares of Class A common stock and 3,999,796 restricted shares of Class B common stock, subject to vesting.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

SES AI Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net loss	$	(42,647)	$	(42,346)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation		16,205		15,947
Accretion income from marketable securities		(8,608)		—
Depreciation and amortization		3,928		1,580
Gain from change in fair value of Sponsor Earn-Out liability		(5,412)		(16,400)
Other		(511)		(371)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivable from related party		(98)		5,943
Inventories		(243)		—
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(3,336)		(3,401)
Accounts payable		625		(761)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(3,797)		2,002
Net cash used in operating activities		(43,894)		(37,807)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Purchases of property and equipment		(12,281)		(10,645)
Purchase of marketable securities		(180,051)		—
Maturities of marketable securities		180,000		—
Net cash used in investing activities		(12,332)		(10,645)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Proceeds from Business Combination and PIPE Financing, net of issuance costs		—		282,940
Proceeds from stock option exercises		157		260
Net cash provided by financing activities		157		283,200
Effect of exchange rates on cash		(664)		(639)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(56,732)		234,109
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period (Note 4)		107,936		161,044
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period (Note 4)	$	51,204	$	395,153
Supplemental Non-Cash Information:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses related to purchases of property and equipment	$	4,384	$	4,668
Lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets	$	1,751	$	1,565
Conversion of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock to shares of Class A Common Stock	$	—	$	(269,941)
Release of accrued transaction costs related to Business Combination and PIPE Financing	$	—	$	6,174
Liabilities acquired in the Business Combination	$	—	$	(387)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SES AI Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise stated)

Note 1.  Nature of Business

Organization

SES AI Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries (together the “Company” or “SES”), is engaged in the development of high-performance, Lithium-Metal (“Li-Metal”) rechargeable battery technologies for electric vehicles (“EVs”), Urban Air Mobility (“UAM”) and other applications. We were founded in 2012 and our mission is to facilitate the widespread adoption of sustainable electric transportation, both on land and in air, by creating best-in-class, high energy density Li-Metal batteries centered around long-range performance and safety. Our differentiated battery technology has been designed to combine the high energy density of Li-Metal with large-scale manufacturability of conventional Lithium-ion (“Li-ion”) batteries and will help to promote the transition from the global dependence on fossil fuel-based automotive vehicles to clean and efficient EVs. The Company’s headquarters are located in Woburn, Massachusetts with research and development facilities located there, in Shanghai, China, and in Chungju, South Korea. Principal operations have not yet commenced as of September 30, 2023, and the Company has not derived revenue from its principal business activities.

Note 2.  Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial reporting and are unaudited. Management believes that all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of results, consisting of normally recurring items, have been included in the condensed consolidated financial statements for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year or any other future interim or annual periods. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. As a result of the Business Combination completed on February 3, 2022, prior period share and per share amounts presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and these related notes have been retroactively converted. The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31.

The year-end balance sheet data was derived from audited consolidated financial statements. These unaudited financial statements do not include all of the annual disclosures required by U.S. GAAP; accordingly, they should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 16, 2023 (the “Annual Report”).

Use of estimates

The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of commitments and contingencies, and the reported amounts of revenues, if any, and expenses. The Company bases its estimates on available historical experience and on various other factors that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not apparent from other sources. Changes in estimates are reflected in reported results for the period in which they become known. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Significant estimates and assumptions include those related to the valuation of (i) certain equity awards, including common stock awards prior to the Business Combination, the Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, the Earn-Out Restricted Shares, restricted stock awards, and performance stock units, (ii) deferred tax assets and uncertain income tax positions, and (iii) and the measurement of operating lease liabilities. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates these judgments and estimates for reasonableness.

Investments

The Company has investments in marketable debt and marketable equity securities. Investments in marketable debt securities, which are comprised of U.S. treasury securities, are classified as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value with any unrealized gains and losses

8

included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in total stockholders’ equity on the consolidated balance sheets until realized or until a determination is made that an other-than-temporary decline in market value has occurred. The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity, with such amortization and accretion reported within interest income, net in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Investments in marketable debt securities with a stated maturity date of less than one year are classified as short-term investments, while those with a stated maturity date of more than one year, and that are not expected to be used in current operations, are classified as long-term investments on the consolidated balance sheet, respectively. Investments in marketable equity securities with a readily determinable fair value, not accounted for under the equity method, are recorded at fair value with changes to fair value reported within other comprehensive (loss) income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as an exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be either recorded or disclosed at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact, and it also considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

The Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1    Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2    Inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly.

Level 3    Unobservable inputs in which there are little or no market data and which require the Company to develop its own assumptions.

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Certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities are carried at cost, which approximates their fair value because of their short-term nature. The following table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
September 30, 2023
Current assets
Cash equivalents in money market funds (Note 4)	$	42,518	$	—	$	—	$	42,518
U.S. treasury securities(1)		291,631		—		—		291,631
Equity securities(2)		594		—		—		594
Total current assets at fair value	$	334,743	$	—	$	—	$	334,743
Non-current assets
U.S. treasury securities(1)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Restricted cash in money market funds		614		—		—		614
Total non-current assets at fair value	$	614	$	—	$	—	$	614
Total assets at fair value	$	335,357	$	—	$	—	$	335,357
Liabilities
Sponsor Earn-Out Liability(3)	$	—	$	—	$	5,549	$	5,549
Total liabilities at fair value	$	—	$	—	$	5,549	$	5,549
December 31, 2022
Current assets
Cash equivalents in money market funds (Note 4)	$	46,308	$	—	$	—	$	46,308
U.S. treasury securities(1)		283,460		—		—		283,460
Total current assets at fair value	$	329,768	$	—	$	—	$	329,768
Non-current assets
Restricted cash in money market funds	$	614	$	—	$	—	$	614
Total non-current assets at fair value	$	614	$	—	$	—	$	614
Total assets at fair value	$	330,382	$	—	$	—	$	330,382
Liabilities
Sponsor Earn-Out Liability(3)	$	—	$	—	$	10,961	$	10,961
Total liabilities at fair value	$	—	$	—	$	10,961	$	10,961

⁽¹⁾ Fair value was determined using market prices obtained from third-party sources, see “Note 5 – Investments” for more details.

⁽²⁾ Fair value was determined using publicly quoted market prices obtained from third-party sources in their respective markets.

⁽³⁾ See “Note 8 – Sponsor Earn-Out Liability” for details about inputs used in the fair value measurements of the Sponsor Earn-Out Liability.

There were no transfers in or out of Level 3 measurements during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has reviewed all accounting pronouncements issued during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and concluded they were either not applicable or not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 3.  Partnerships

In December 2020, the Company established a partnership with Hyundai Motor Company (“Hyundai”) when it entered into a joint development agreement (“JDA”) to jointly research and develop Li-Metal battery technology.  Further, in May 2021, the Company executed another JDA with Hyundai to jointly develop an A-Sample Li-Metal battery effective August 31, 2021. The JDAs have an initial term of three years.

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In February 2021, the Company established a partnership with GM Global Technology Operations LLC (“GM Technology”), an affiliate of GM Ventures LLC (“GM Ventures”), and General Motors Holdings LLC (“GM Holdings”) (collectively, “General Motors” or “GM”) when it entered into a JDA to jointly research and develop an A-Sample Li-Metal battery cell and build-out a prototype manufacturing line for GM Technology. The JDA has an initial term of three years.

In December 2021, the Company established a partnership with Honda Motor Company, Ltd. (“Honda”) when it entered into a JDA to jointly research and develop an A-Sample Li-Metal battery cell. The JDA had a term of two years, which concluded on June 30, 2023.

Under the terms of certain JDAs, the Company will fund research and development activities and capital expenditures related the buildout of pilot manufacturing lines and the JDA partner will be required to reimburse such expenses to the Company, regardless of the results of the research and development activities. The following table summarizes credits to research and development recorded in accordance to the terms of the JDA agreements:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Research and development (related party)	$	2,511	$	2,216	$	6,818	$	5,672
Research and development		414		1,045		7,580		3,443
Total credits to research and development	$	2,925	$	3,261	$	14,398	$	9,116

Additionally, the Company recorded $0.5 million and $9.9 million as a credit to property and equipment in the condensed consolidated balance sheet for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, which represents reimbursements received from a related party for property and equipment constructed and owned by the Company.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $2.5 million and $2.4 million, respectively, were outstanding as a receivable from related party as disclosed in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2023, there was a non-related party receivable of $0.5 million outstanding compared to no amount outstanding at December 31, 2022. As of September 30, 2023, there was no deferred income for non-related party JDAs as compared to the $4.2 million recorded as deferred income at December 31, 2022. Amounts for non-related party receivables and deferred income are recorded within prepaid expenses and other current assets and accrued expenses and other current liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets.

Note 4.  Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash	$	7,420	$	60,315
Money market funds		42,518		46,308
Total cash and cash equivalents		49,938		106,623
Restricted cash included in other assets		1,266		1,313
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows	$	51,204	$	107,936

Restricted cash includes cash held in checking and money market funds as collateral to secure certain insurance policies and a letter of credit for corporate lease activity.

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Note 5.  Investments

The following table provides amortized costs, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair values for the Company’s investments in available-for-sale marketable debt securities as of September 30, 2023, which have maturity dates that range from 1 month to 9 months. There were no realized gains or losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

September 30, 2023			Gross		Gross
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Short-term U.S. treasury securities	$	291,888	$	—	$	(257)	$	291,631
Total	$	291,888	$	—	$	(257)	$	291,631
December 31, 2022			Gross		Gross
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Short-term U.S. treasury securities	$	283,705	$	2	$	(247)	$	283,460
Total	$	283,705	$	2	$	(247)	$	283,460

Note 6.  Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

The components of accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Employee compensation and related costs	$	3,736	$	3,115
Construction in process		1,674		229
Income taxes payable		1,075		1,422
Professional and consulting services		572		1,566
Deferred income received under joint development agreements		—		4,189
Other		780		750
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	7,837	$	11,271

Note 7.  Government Grant

In December 2022, the Company was awarded a grant (the “Grant”) from certain government agencies. The incentives received under the Grant, which is in the form of cash, can be used for facilities related expenses and the purchase of property and equipment. The Company is required to adhere to certain conditions attached to the incentives, which include required minimum investments into specified spending categories and the creation of a minimum amount of permanent full-time jobs in a certain geographical location over the next five years. The Company has received, but not yet earned, 8.4 billion Korean won, which is equivalent to $6.2 million and $6.7 million, after translation, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which is disclosed as a noncurrent liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Note 8.  Sponsor Earn-Out Liability

Prior to the closing of the Business Combination (the “Closing”), Ivanhoe Capital Acquisition Corp. (“Ivanhoe”), a Cayman Islands exempted company, migrated out of the Cayman Islands and domesticated as a Delaware corporation (the “Domestication”) and changed its name to “SES AI Corporation.” On February 2, 2022, in connection with the Domestication, 6,900,000 of Ivanhoe’s Class B ordinary shares held by Ivanhoe Capital Sponsor LLC (the “Sponsor”) converted into an equal number of shares of duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class B Common Stock”), of the Company. At Closing, these 6,900,000 shares of Class B Common Stock converted into an equal number of shares of duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable Class A common stock par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class A Common Stock”, and together with the Class B Common Stock, “Common Stock”), of the Company (the “Sponsor Earn-Out Shares”). These Sponsor Earn-Out Shares are subject to certain transfer restrictions and forfeiture terms following the Closing, which will be released as follows:

● 20% were subject to transfer restrictions until the date that was 180 days after the Closing (“Tranche 1”);

● 20% are subject to transfer restrictions until SES’s closing stock price equals or exceeds $12.00 for 20 out of 30 consecutive trading days following the date that is 150 days after the Closing (“Tranche 2”);

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● 20% are subject to transfer restrictions until SES’s closing stock price equals or exceeds $14.00 for 20 out of 30 consecutive trading days following the date that is 150 days after the Closing (“Tranche 3”);

● 20% are subject to transfer restrictions until SES’s closing stock price equals or exceeds $16.00 for 20 out of 30 consecutive trading days following the date that is 150 days after the Closing (“Tranche 4”); and

● 20% are subject to transfer restrictions until SES’s closing stock price equals or exceeds $18.00 for 20 out of 30 consecutive trading days following the date that is 150 days after the Closing (“Tranche 5”).

If there is a change in control of SES at a per share value of greater than $18.00, then 100% of the Sponsor Earn-Out Shares will be released from these transfer restrictions; however if the per share value is less than $18.00 upon a change in control, then the Sponsor Earn-Out Shares will be released pro rata based on the per share value of the change in control and the stock price thresholds for release specified above. Any Sponsor Earn-Out Shares not released will be forfeited and cancelled.

The Sponsor Earn-Out Shares in Tranche 1 were accounted for as equity instruments because they are legally owned by the Sponsor, cannot be forfeited and were subject only to transfer restrictions that lapsed 180 days after the Closing Date, which occurred on August 2, 2022. The Sponsor Earn-Out Shares in Tranches 2 through 5 represent the Sponsor Earn-Out Liability and are accounted for as a derivative liability because the earn-out triggering events that determine the number of Sponsor Earn-Out Shares to be earned back by the Sponsor include events that are not solely indexed to the shares of Class A common stock.

The Sponsor Earn-Out Liability is measured at its estimated fair value using Level 3 inputs in a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model. As of September 30, 2023, the earn-out triggering events were not achieved for any of Tranche 2 through Tranche 5, and as such the Company adjusted the carrying amount of the Sponsor Earn-out Liability to its estimated fair value as presented within gain on change in fair value of Sponsor Earn-out Liability, net in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending fair value balances for the Sponsor Earn-Out Liability, which is recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheet:

		(in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	10,961
Change in fair value		(5,412)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	$	5,549

Inherent in the valuation model are assumptions related to expected stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, expected life, and dividend yield. The key inputs used in the Monte Carlo simulation model at their respective measurement dates were as follows:

		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Contractual term (in years)		3.3		4.1
Risk free rate		4.82%		4.09%
Expected volatility		84.0%		85.0%
Expected dividends		0%		0%
Stock price	$	2.27	$	3.15

The stock price is based on the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock as of the valuation date and simulated through the end of the earn-out period following Geometric Brownian Motion. The Company estimates the volatility of its common stock by using an average of historical volatilities of SES’s and select peer companies’ common stock that matches the expected remaining term of the awards. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield curve for zero-coupon U.S. Treasury notes with maturities corresponding to the expected remaining life of the awards, which is assumed to be equivalent to their remaining contractual term. The dividend rate is based on the historical rate, which the Company anticipates remaining at zero.

Note 9.  Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

Under the terms of one of the JDAs, the Company is committed to undertake certain research and development activities to the benefit of both itself and its OEM partner which involves expenditures related to engineering efforts and purchases of related equipment. This JDA has an agreed-upon value of up to $50 million, of which the Company has spent $8.7 million as of September 30, 2023.

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In December 2021, the Company amended the lease agreement on a facility in Woburn, Massachusetts. The amendment includes an obligation to pay monthly relinquishment charges (equal to the total rental obligation for the duration of the lease term), only if the new tenant does not pay monthly rental amount and lessor has provided a notice to collect the relinquishment charges from the Company. As of September 30, 2023, the Company assessed the probability of any liability to be incurred for relinquishment charges as remote.

Legal Contingencies

From time-to-time, the Company may be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of business or become involved in litigation or other legal proceedings. While the outcome of such claims or other proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company’s management expects that any such liabilities, to the extent not provided for by insurance or otherwise, would not have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Indemnifications

The Company enters into indemnification provisions under agreements with other companies in the ordinary course of business, including, but not limited to, partnerships, landlords, vendors, and contractors. Pursuant to these arrangements, the Company agrees to indemnify, defend, and hold harmless the indemnified party for certain losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party as a result of the Company’s activities. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these agreements is not determinable. The Company has never incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification provisions. In addition, the Company indemnifies its officers, directors, and certain key employees against claims made with respect to matters that arise while they are serving in their respective capacities as such, subject to certain limitations set forth under applicable law, and applicable indemnification agreements. The Company maintains insurance, including commercial general liability insurance, product liability insurance, and directors and officers insurance to offset certain potential liabilities under these indemnification provisions. To date, there have been no claims under these indemnification provisions.

Note 10.  Stock-Based Compensation

The Company’s stock-based compensation included in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), net of forfeitures, was as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Research and development	$	(1,437)	$	2,417	$	2,623	$	4,678
General and administrative		3,855		4,797		13,582		11,269
Total stock-based compensation	$	2,418	$	7,214	$	16,205	$	15,947

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense by award type:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs")	$	2,393	$	2,984	$	7,077	$	4,802
Earn-Out Restricted Shares		(1,597)		2,195		2,704		5,760
Performance Stock Units ("PSUs")		739		1,345		3,471		2,420
Restricted Stock Awards ("RSAs")		782		578		2,638		2,624
Stock options		101		112		315		341
Total	$	2,418	$	7,214	$	16,205	$	15,947

In April 2023, the Company granted 4,071,979 RSUs and 1,631,800 PSUs, which relates to the annual grant to our directors, executive officers and employees. PSUs are measured at their estimated fair value using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model with the effect of the market condition reflected in the grant date fair value of the award. The fair value of RSUs is estimated based on the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock at the date of grant.

Note 11.   Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was (1.5)% and (1.4)%, respectively, compared with (0.5)% and (0.7)% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The difference between the provision for income taxes

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and the income tax determined by applying the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% principally results from income taxes on earnings from its foreign tax jurisdictions offset by losses generated in the U.S. where no benefit was recorded because the Company had fully reserved its deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and the recording of uncertain tax positions and interest expense.

As of September 30, 2023, there were $0.9 million in changes to the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits related to transfer pricing adjustments from prior year end.

Note 12.  Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss), as adjusted for changes in fair value recognized in earnings from equity contracts classified as liabilities, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and, when dilutive, common share equivalents from outstanding stock options and restricted stock units (using the treasury-stock method). The weighted-average number of common shares used in the computation of basic and diluted net income per share were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic	$	(13,473)	$	(24,328)	$	(42,647)	$	(42,346)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding - basic and diluted		315,627,263		311,680,656		314,550,810		280,859,250
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(0.04)	$	(0.08)	$	(0.14)	$	(0.15)

The number of common stock equivalents excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because either the effect would have been anti-dilutive, or the performance criteria related to such shares and awards had not been met, were as follows:

	As of September 30,
	2023		2022
Escrowed Earn-Out Shares		27,690,978		27,690,978
Options to purchase common stock		16,032,057		18,724,863
Public Warrants		9,199,947		9,199,947
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares		5,520,000		5,520,000
Private Warrants		5,013,333		5,013,333
Unvested RSUs		6,350,199		2,755,058
Unvested PSUs		3,364,810		2,116,942
Earn-Out Restricted Shares		1,622,377		1,952,336
Unvested RSAs		753,038		1,505,944
Total		75,546,739		74,479,401

Note 13.  Related-Party Transactions

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, pursuant to the Director Nomination Agreement, General Motors Company and its affiliates (“GM”) were considered related parties due to their board representation and the board member’s employment position at GM, which remained in effect as long as GM continues to hold more than 5% of the fully diluted outstanding equity securities of SES as per the agreement.  See “Note 3 – Partnerships” for more details about our partnership with GM.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis provides information which our management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our consolidated results of operations and financial condition. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and the related notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the related notes contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 16, 2023 (the “2022 Annual Report”). This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities law are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. These forward-looking statements are not statements of historical fact and may include statements regarding possible or assumed future results of operations. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those set forth in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in Item 1A. Risk Factors in the 2022 Annual Report. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this section to “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to the business and operations of SES Holdings Pte. Ltd. (“Old SES”) and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Business Combination and to SES AI Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries following the Closing. References in this section to our future plans that indicate the timing of when we expect such plans to be completed by a certain year mean at any point during that year.

Overview

We are a pre-commercialization stage company engaged in the development and production of high-performance, Lithium-Metal (“Li-Metal”) rechargeable battery technologies for electric vehicles (“EVs”), Urban Air Mobility (“UAM”) and other applications. Our differentiated battery technology has been designed to combine the high energy density of Li-Metal with the large-scale manufacturability of conventional Lithium-ion (“Li-ion”) batteries and will help to promote the transition from the global dependence on fossil fuel-based automotive vehicles to clean and efficient EVs.

Our mission is to facilitate the widespread adoption of sustainable electric transportation, both on land and in air, by creating best-in-class, high energy density Li-Metal batteries centered around long-range performance and safety. To assist in achieving this mission, we have partnered with leading global original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”), General Motors (“GM”), Hyundai Motor Company (“Hyundai”), and Honda Motor Company, Ltd. (“Honda”), among other strategic partners, under joint development agreements (“JDAs”) to jointly develop and produce our Li-Metal battery cells and technology. We are currently working to transition from the development and production of A-Sample batteries to B-Sample batteries with specifications required by OEMs for their EVs. A-Sample batteries are functional prototypes developed for OEMs based on their technical specifications. These are in contrast with B-Sample batteries, which are A-sample batteries manufactured under much higher throughput and tested in actual vehicles, and C-Sample batteries, which would be fully functional, mature samples for mass production and tested for full drivability.

We are also conducting research and development activities to further improve the performance, quality and cost of our battery technology by focusing on the following key areas, all of which we expect to help us achieve our commercialization goal, at our facilities in Woburn, Massachusetts in the United States, Shanghai, China, and Chungju, South Korea. These activities include:

● Scale-up: Our design is further being customized with and validated by several OEMs. Based on our collaborations with OEMs, we believe that a roughly 100 Ah cell-size manufactured at GWh scale (five to seven cells-per-minute) is needed to achieve commercialization in EVs at a large, global scale. We are developing processes and equipment to scale up the manufacturing of our current cell design from three to nine Ah capacity to 50 Ah and 100 Ah.

● Module and Pack Design: Li-Metal cells must be integrated into modules and packs as part of their integration into vehicles. Our active development efforts are focused on the integration of our Li-Metal cells in modules to enable our Li-Metal cells to perform as intended once they are integrated into modules and vehicles.

● Advanced Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) Software and Battery Management Systems (“BMS”): Software is critical to ongoing monitoring of battery health and safety. We continue to develop advanced AI algorithms to diagnose battery cell-related health issues, develop advanced control algorithms and charging methods to enhance cycle life and safety, and port such software on to a BMS that could be integrated into a battery pack.

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● Advanced Materials and Coatings: We continue to research and develop advanced electrolyte and anodes to further improve cycle life and safety. In addition, we continue to develop novel methods of laminating or depositing lithium metal onto current collector that can be deployed at commercial GWh scale.

● Cathode Materials and Design: We develop our Li-Metal cells for a variety of different cathode materials, cathode design and cathode processing methods that can provide ultra-high energy density and/or significant cost-reduction.

● Li-Metal Recycling: Along with other battery components that are already being recycled today, Li-Metal foil will also need to be recycled in the future. We continue to explore methods of recycling that are productive and cost-effective.

We continue to make improvements to our three A-sample production lines, one in China and two in South Korea, which are producing and testing large 50 Ah and 100 Ah Li-Metal cells. We expect to launch our fourth production line in 2024, which will be dedicated to B-sample EV cells. In addition, we are also planning to build a fifth production line, which will be dedicated to B-sample battery cells for UAM applications. Furthermore, in July 2023, we entered into a new lease for a facility near our Woburn facility where we will be building an electrolyte foundry, which will focus on novel electrolyte molecule discovery and synthetic pathway development and which we expect to be ready by early 2024.

Outlook

As the joint development of Li-Metal batteries with our OEM partners continues to progress, we expect this will allow us to transition from A-sample to B-sample battery development by the last quarter of 2023. Further, this will lead to an increase in our headcount and footprint of our research and pre-production pilot facilities as we expand our existing facilities and entering into new facilities.

After B-Sample, we plan to transition to C-Sample in 2024, which we then expect to enable us to commence commercial production of our technology in 2025. We expect this transition to commercial production to lead to future research facilities and, eventually, commercial production manufacturing facilities in the United States, which will significantly increase our materials consumption and the rate of cash utilization over time.

Finally, we expect to explore opportunities for partial vertical integration, both upstream and downstream, to ensure scalability of our battery cells and battery technology. Upstream, we intend to explore integrating vendors of key materials of our cells and providers of key equipment and engineering capabilities, such as cell assembly, anode processing, chemical processing and safety testing. Downstream, we plan to explore integrating providers of key engineering capabilities, such as battery state-of-health monitoring software, charging optimization software, battery module development and recycling.

Results of Operations

Factors Affecting Operating Results

As a pre-commercialization company, we have not generated any revenue from sales to customers to date through our one operating segment. We have spent $11.4 million and $11.7 million on gross research and development activities during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $37.7 million and $28.8 million on gross research and development activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is prior to credits received by our OEM partners under the JDAs. As a result, we have incurred losses from operations of $19.4 million and of $21.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and losses from operations of $60.2 million and $60.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our historical results may not be indicative of our future results for reasons that may be difficult to anticipate and our ability to generate revenue in the future that is sufficient enough to achieve profitability will depend largely on the successful development of our products. Accordingly, the drivers of our future financial results, as well as the components of such results, may not be comparable to our historical results of operations.

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The following table sets forth our historical operating results for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				$		%
(in thousands)	2023		2022		Change		Change
Research and development	$	8,472	$	8,421	$	51	0.6	%
General and administrative		10,885		13,308		(2,423)	(18.2)	%
Total operating expenses	$	19,357	$	21,729	$	(2,372)	(10.9)	%

	Nine Months Ended September 30,				$		%
(in thousands)	2023		2022		Change		Change
Research and development	$	23,308	$	19,680	$	3,628	18.4	%
General and administrative		36,932		40,305		(3,373)	(8.4)	%
Total operating expenses	$	60,240	$	59,985	$	255	0.4	%

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs incurred for personnel-related costs for scientists, engineers and technicians, including salaries, bonus and stock-based compensation expense, expenses for materials and supplies used in product research and development, process engineering efforts and testing, as well as payments to consultants, depreciation, and allocated facilities and information technology costs. Additionally, payments received from the JDA agreements are treated as credits to research and development expenses.

Research and development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased $0.1 million, or 0.6%, to $8.5 million, compared with $8.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. This increase was primarily driven from a $2.6 million increase in personnel costs mainly attributable to our growth in headcount to support our operations, $1.8 million increase in facility related costs such as rent, utilities and depreciation expenses, a $0.7 million increase in professional consulting services, and a $0.9 million decrease in credits to research and development expenses from decreased billings to our JDA partners. These increases were partially offset by a $3.8 million decrease in stock-based compensation mainly attributable to forfeited awards, a $1.2 million decrease in software development costs due to change in project specifications and timelines, and a $1.0 million decrease in lab equipment and material supplies to support JDA activity in our research and pre-production facilities.

Research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $3.6 million, or 18.4%, to $23.3 million compared with $19.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase primarily resulted from a $6.2 million increase in personnel costs mainly attributable to our growth in headcount to support our operations, a $4.6 million increase in facility related costs such as increased rent, utilities and depreciation expenses, $2.2 million increase in lab equipment and material supplies to support JDA activity in our research and pre-production facilities, and a $1.0 million increase in professional consulting services. These increases were partially offset by a $6.6 million increase in credits to research and development expenses from billings to our JDA partners, a $2.1 million decrease in stock-based compensation mainly attributable to forfeited awards and the earn-out shares fully expensed due to completion of derived service period during the current quarter, and a $1.9 million decrease in computer and software development costs due to a change in project specifications and timelines.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of costs incurred for personnel-related expenses for our finance, legal and human resource functions, including salaries, bonus and stock-based compensation expense, expenses for director and officer insurance, professional service fees, audit and compliance expenses, legal fees, patent related costs, accounting and other advisory services, as well as allocated facilities and information technology costs including depreciation. Upon commencement of commercial operations, we also expect to incur customer and sales support and advertising costs.

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 decreased $2.4 million, or 18.2%, to $10.9 million, compared with $13.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. This decrease was primarily driven by a $1.3 million decrease in insurance expense due to lower premiums incurred to cover potential liabilities under our indemnification obligations to our directors and certain officers of the Company, a $0.9 million decrease in marketing and public relations expenses due to a decrease in promotional events, and a decrease of $0.9 million of stock-based compensation expense that primarily related to the earn-out shares fully expensed due to completion of derived service period during the current quarter. These decreases were partially offset by a $0.4 million

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increase in personnel costs mainly attributable to our growth in headcount to support our operations and compliance as a public company and a $0.1 million decrease in professional consulting services.

General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 decreased $3.4 million, or 8.4%, to $36.9 million, compared with $40.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This decrease was primarily driven by a decrease of $4.7 million of transaction costs incurred in the prior year period as a result of the Business Combination completed in February 2022 with no comparable costs in the current period, a $2.5 million decrease in insurance expense due to lower premiums incurred to cover potential liabilities under our indemnification obligations to our directors and certain officers of the Company compared to the prior year period, and a $1.7 million decrease in marketing and public relations expenses due to a decrease in promotional events compared to the prior year period. These decreases were partially offset by an increase of $2.4 million of stock-based compensation expense that primarily related to the effect of restricted and performance stock units granted subsequent to the corresponding prior year period, a $1.8 million increase in personnel costs mainly attributable to our growth in headcount to support our operations and compliance as a public company, a $0.6 million increase in professional fees related primarily to increased recruiting and consulting services, a $0.4 million increase in accounting and audit related expenses, and a $0.3 million increase in legal fees to support our operations as a public company.

Non-Operating Items

Interest Income, Net

Interest income primarily consists of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents and marketable debt securities, which are primarily invested in money market funds and U.S. treasury securities, and accretion income from the U.S. treasury securities.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we had interest income of $4.2 million and $12.5 million, respectively, compared with $2.0 million and $2.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The $2.2 million and $10.0 million increases from the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, were primarily due to a change in our investment strategy of investing in higher yielding U.S. treasury securities during the fourth quarter of 2022. Our investment strategy for the first three quarters of 2022 was investing in money market funds.

Change of Fair Value of Earn-Out Liability, Net

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we incurred a gain of $1.9 million and $5.4 million, respectively, associated with the change in fair value of the Sponsor Earn-Out Liability compared with a loss of $4.9 million and a gain of $16.4 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. With the fair value of the Sponsor Earn-Out Liability tied to the Company’s stock price, continued volatility in the stock price could result in further gains or losses. Refer to “Note 8 – Sponsor Earn-Out Liability” to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Other (Expense) Income, Net

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we had other expense of less than $0.1 million, compared with other income of $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. This $0.4 million decrease in other income was primarily as a result of lower realized foreign currency gains on Chinese renminbi (CNY) in the current year period.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we had other income of $0.4 million, compared with other expense of $0.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This $1.3 million increase in other income was primarily the result of the accounting for certain postemployment benefits in the prior year period.

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased to $0.2 million and $0.7 million, compared to $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, primarily due to local tax in the foreign jurisdictions in which the Company operates.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2023, we had total cash and cash equivalents of $49.9 million and investments in marketable debt and equity securities of $292.2 million. As a pre-commercialization stage research and development company, the net operating losses we have incurred since inception are consistent with our strategy and within our budgeted expenditures.

We expect to sustain substantial operating expenses, due to the capital-intensive nature of our research and development activities, without generating sufficient revenues to cover expenditures for a number of years. To date, we have funded our operations through a combination of our cash on hand, which primarily originated from proceeds from the Business Combination and PIPE Financing and from funding received through the sales of our redeemable convertible preferred stock, proceeds from the JDAs with our OEM partners and investment income. These funds are expected to finance our principal sources of liquidity and ongoing costs, such as research and development relating to our Li-Metal batteries and the construction of additional manufacturing facilities. In the future, if we are not able to fund our operations from cash flows generated from anticipated product sales, we expect that we will need to raise additional funds through a variety of possible methods, including, but not limited to, entry into joint ventures or other strategic arrangements, issuance of equity, equity-related or debt securities or through obtaining credit from financial institutions, as well as anticipated future revenue from product sales.

We believe that our cash on hand and marketable securities will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure requirements for a period of at least 12 months from the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and also sufficient to fund us to commercialization. However, additional funding may be required for a variety of reasons, including opportunities to build an integrated supply chain in the United States and delays in expected development of our Li-Metal battery cells. Our ability to successfully develop our products, commence commercial operations and expand our business will depend on many factors, including our working capital needs, the availability of equity and/or debt financing and, over time, our ability to generate positive cash flows from operations.

Summary of Cash Flows

The following table provides a summary of our cash flow data for the periods indicated:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Cash (used in) provided by:
Operating activities	$	(43,894)	$	(37,807)
Investing activities		(12,332)		(10,645)
Financing activities		157		283,200
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		(664)		(639)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(56,732)	$	234,109

Operating Activities

Our operating activities have primarily comprised research and development and general and administrative activities as discussed above. As we continue to ramp up hiring for research and development headcount to accelerate our engineering efforts, we expect our cash used in operating activities to increase significantly before we start to generate any material cash inflows from our operations.

Net cash used in operating activities of $43.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily attributable to net loss of $42.6 million, as adjusted for stock-based compensation expense of $16.2 million, accretion income from marketable securities of $8.6 million, a gain on change in fair value of Sponsor Earn-Out Liability of $5.4 million, depreciation and amortization of $3.9 million and a $6.8 million working capital outflow. The working capital outflow was primarily driven by a $3.8 million decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities and a $3.3 million increase in prepaids and other assets, partially offset by a $0.6 million dollar increase in accounts payable. The increase in prepaids and other assets was primarily due to amounts due from JDA partners, the renewal of an insurance contract to cover potential liabilities under our indemnification obligations to our directors and certain officers and prepaid costs related to software development. The decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities was primarily due to the release of deferred liabilities related to JDAs. The increase in accounts payable was primarily due to the timing of payments.

Net cash used in operating activities of $37.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily attributable to net loss of $42.3 million as adjusted for a gain on change in fair value of Sponsor Earn-Out liability of $16.4 million, stock-based compensation expense of $15.9 million, and depreciation and amortization of $1.6 million, partially offset by a $3.8 million working capital cash inflow. The working capital cash inflow was driven by a $5.9 million decrease in receivable from a related party and a $2.0 million increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities, partially offset by a $3.4 million increase in prepaids and other assets and a $0.8 million decrease in

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accounts payable. The decrease in receivable from related party was driven by activity from the JDAs. The increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities was primarily due to certain postemployment benefits. The increase in prepaids and other assets was primarily due to insurance costs to cover potential liabilities under our indemnification obligations to our directors and certain officers and receivables from our other JDAs. The decrease in accounts payable was primarily driven by the timing of payments.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $12.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to net cash used in investing activities of $10.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Purchases and Maturities of Investments – Net purchases of investments in marketable debt and equity securities were $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to no purchases of investments during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Capital Spending – Capital expenditures were $12.3 million and $10.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and primarily related to the timing of purchases of lab machinery and equipment, lab tools and instruments related to our build out of production lines and facilities. We expect capital expenditures for the rest of 2023 to increase compared with the corresponding period in 2022 as we continue to invest in the build out of our fourth and fifth production lines and research and development facilities.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 related to proceeds from option exercises.

Net cash provided by financing activities of $283.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily related to proceeds received from the Business Combination and PIPE Financing, net of transaction costs.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following table summarizes our material contractual obligations for cash expenditures as of September 30, 2023, and the periods in which these obligations are due:

	Short Term		Long Term		Total
Purchase obligations(1)	$	33,334	$	24,681	$	58,015
Operating lease obligations(2)		2,754		10,086		12,840
Total	$	36,088	$	34,767	$	70,855

⁽¹⁾ Purchase obligations include commitments for the purchase of lab supplies and equipment as well as committed spend related to a JDA. These commitments are derived from purchase orders, supplier contracts and open orders based on projected demand information.

⁽²⁾ Operating lease obligations represent the fixed lease payments for the noncancelable lease term, fixed lease payments for optional renewal periods where the Company is reasonably certain the renewal option will be exercised, and variable lease payments that depend on an underlying index or rate in effect at lease commencement.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2023, we had a letter of credit issued by a financial institution totaling $0.6 million. The letter of credit relates to deposits the Company is required to maintain for one of its operating lease agreements. We have restricted cash that serves as collateral for this outstanding letter of credit that is included in other assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. No amounts have been drawn under the letter of credit.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See “Note 2 – Basis of Presentation” of our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information about recent accounting pronouncements, the timing of their adoption, and their potential impact on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments

Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In the preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, we are required to use judgment in making estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the unaudited condensed financial statements, as well as the reported expenses incurred during the reporting periods.

There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies or in the underlying accounting assumptions and estimates used in such policies from those disclosed in our annual consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Other Information

The Company’s website is www.ses.ai. Information contained on the Company’s website is not part of this report. Information that we furnish to or file with the SEC, including the Company’s annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to, or exhibits included in, these reports are made available for download, free of charge, through the Company’s website as soon as reasonably practicable. The Company’s SEC filings, including exhibits filed therewith, are also available directly on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

The Company may use its website as a distribution channel of material company information.  Financial and other important information regarding the Company is routinely posted on and accessible through the Company’s website at www.ses.ai. Accordingly, investors should monitor this channel, in addition to following the Company’s press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. The contents of our website are not, however, a part of this report.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There have been no significant changes to the Company’s market risk during the three months ended September 30, 2023. Refer to “Part II. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for a discussion of the Company’s exposure to market risk.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures 

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer (“CEO”) and chief financial officer (“CFO”), we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2023, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that as of September 30, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, as discussed in more detail below.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. 

Notwithstanding the identified material weaknesses, management, with the participation of the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, believes the condensed consolidated financial information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly represent in all material respects our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows at and for the periods presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

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Material Weaknesses

We previously identified material weaknesses, as disclosed in our 2022 Annual Report.

Certain components of the Company’s control environment were ineffective as the Company did not have a sufficient complement of resources with assigned responsibility and accountability for the design, operation and documentation of internal control over financial reporting.  This created deficiencies in the Company’s risk assessment process that led to ineffective information and communication activities as the controls necessary to ensure the reliability of information used in financial reporting and communicate relevant information about roles and responsibilities for internal control over financial reporting were ineffective. As a result, process-level control activities were not designed, implemented or operated effectively in the substantial majority of our processes.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

Other than the actions taken as described in “Management’s Remediation Initiatives” below to improve the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the most recent fiscal quarter that materially affected, or which are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 

Management’s Remediation Initiatives 

We have taken the following steps towards remediation of the identified material weaknesses and to enhance our internal control over financial reporting:

● We have developed a detailed remediation plan, with appropriate executive sponsorship and with the assistance of a national accounting firm, to specifically address the material weaknesses.

● We have hired, and will continue to hire, additional certified public accountants (including those with public company experience) who have the appropriate level of expertise in the areas of accounting, financial reporting, and internal controls commensurate with the volume and complexity of our reporting requirements.

● We have taken steps to enhance the design of existing control activities and implement additional process-level control activities and ensure they are operating effectively.

● We have taken steps to design and implement additional information and communications controls to ensure use of and obtain relevant and quality information to allow operation of effective control activities, including internal and external communication.

● We are improving our capabilities to identify, research, and prepare supporting documentation for technical accounting issues. 

● We have enhanced our risk assessment process, and will continue to make it a more comprehensive and continuous process, to identify and assess risks of material misstatements and ensure that the related internal controls are properly designed and in place to respond to those risks.

● We have taken steps to implement new IT applications which will automate some of the manual financial reporting processes.

We have expended, and will continue to expend, a substantial amount of effort and resources for the remediation and improvement of our internal control over financial reporting. We will continue to work on improvements to our internal controls during 2023 as we assess and evaluate the controls intended to remediate the material weaknesses. Until these weaknesses are remediated, we plan to continue to perform additional analyses and other procedures to ensure that our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of business or become involved in litigation or other legal proceedings. We are not currently a party to any litigation or legal proceedings that, in the opinion of our management, are likely to have a material adverse effect on our business. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risk factors disclosed in “Part I, Item 1A” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, and the other reports that we have filed with the SEC. Any of the risks discussed in such reports, as well as additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we

23

currently deem immaterial, could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition or prospects. During the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there have been no material changes in our risk factors as previously disclosed.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements

On September 5, 2023, Hong Gan, our Chief Science Officer, adopted a trading plan intended to satisfy the conditions under Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act. Mr. Gan’s plan is for the potential exercise sale of up to 450,000 vested stock options with an expiration date of March 14, 2029 and sale of the shares of Class A common stock underlying such stock options. The duration of the trading plan is through August 15, 2024, or earlier, upon the completion of all transactions subject to the trading plan.

On September 7, 2023, Jing Nealis, our Chief Financial Officer, adopted a trading plan intended to satisfy the conditions under Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act. Ms. Nealis’s plan is for the potential sale of up to 870,000 vested stock options with an expiration date of February 10, 2031 and sale of the shares of Class A common stock underlying such stock options. The duration of the trading plan is through August 15, 2024, or earlier, upon the completion of all transactions subject to the trading plan.

On September 11, 2023, Rohit Makharia, our President and Chief Strategy Officer, adopted a trading plan intended to satisfy the conditions under Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act. Mr. Makharia’s plan is for the potential exercise sale of up to 675,000 vested stock options with an expiration date of March 1, 2031 and sale of the shares of Class A common stock underlying such stock options. The duration of the trading plan is through August 15, 2024, or earlier, upon the completion of all transactions subject to the trading plan.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No.	Description
3.1	Certificate of Incorporation of SES AI Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-39845), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 8, 2022).
3.2	Bylaws of SES AI Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-39845), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 8, 2022).
31.1†	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2†	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS†	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH†	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL†	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF†	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB†	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE†	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104†	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

†    Filed herewith.

*    Furnished herewith.

#    Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized.

Date: November 7, 2023

SES AI CORPORATION
By:	/s/ Qichao Hu
Name:	Qichao Hu
Title:	Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)
By:	/s/ Jing Nealis
Name:	Jing Nealis
Title:	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer and Authorized Signatory)

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14 AND 15d-14

UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED

I, Qichao Hu, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of SES AI Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls over financial reporting.

Date: November 7, 2023	By:	/s/ Qichao Hu
		Qichao Hu
		Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14 AND 15d-14

UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED

I, Jing Nealis, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of SES AI Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls over financial reporting.

Date: November 7, 2023	By:	/s/ Jing Nealis
		Jing Nealis
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. 1350

(SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002)

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of SES AI Corporation (the “Company”) for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Qichao Hu, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: November 7, 2023	By:	/s/ Qichao Hu
		Qichao Hu
		Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. 1350

(SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002)

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of SES AI Corporation (the “Company”) for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Jing Nealis, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: November 7, 2023	By:	/s/ Jing Nealis
		Jing Nealis
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

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Document and Entity Information - $ / shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Oct. 31, 2023
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Central Index Key	0001819142
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-39845
Entity Registrant Name	SES AI Corporation
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	88-0641865
Entity Address, Address Line One	35 Cabot Road
Entity Address, City or Town	Woburn
Entity Address State Or Province	MA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	01801
City Area Code	339
Local Phone Number	298-8750
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Common Class A [Member]
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Entity Listing, Par Value Per Share	$ 0.0001
Trading Symbol	SES
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		307,848,121
Common Class B [Member]
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		43,881,251
Warrant [Member]
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Warrants, each exercisable for one share of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share
Trading Symbol	SES WS
Security Exchange Name	NYSE

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 49,938	$ 106,623
Short-term investments	292,225	283,460
Receivable from related party	$ 2,481	$ 2,383
Other receivable, after allowance for credit loss, current, related party, type extensible enumeration	Related Party [Member]	Related Party [Member]
Inventories	$ 596	$ 383
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	6,877	3,792
Total current assets	352,117	396,641
Property and equipment, net	34,995	27,756
Intangible assets, net	1,377	1,473
Right-of-use assets, net	11,341	11,363
Other assets	3,423	3,206
Total assets	403,253	440,439
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable	5,820	6,187
Operating lease liabilities, current	2,144	1,899
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	7,837	11,271
Total current liabilities	15,801	19,357
Sponsor Earn-Out Liability	5,549	10,961
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	9,534	10,165
Unearned government grant	6,209	6,657
Other liabilities	2,437	1,760
Total liabilities	39,530	48,900
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders' Equity
Common stock: Class A shares, $0.0001 par value, 2,100,000,000 shares authorized; 307,839,557 and 305,833,589 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively; Class B shares, $0.0001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 43,881,251 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	35	35
Additional paid-in capital	554,403	538,041
Accumulated deficit	(187,933)	(145,286)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(2,782)	(1,251)
Total stockholders' equity	363,723	391,539
Total liabilities stockholders' equity	$ 403,253	$ 440,439

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Common Class A [Member]
Common Stock, Number of Shares, Par Value and Other Disclosures [Abstract]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,100,000,000	2,100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	307,839,557	305,833,589
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	307,839,557	305,833,589
Common Class B [Member]
Common Stock, Number of Shares, Par Value and Other Disclosures [Abstract]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	200,000,000	200,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	43,881,251	43,881,251
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	43,881,251	43,881,251

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$ 8,472	$ 8,421	$ 23,308	$ 19,680
General and administrative	10,885	13,308	36,932	40,305
Total operating expenses	19,357	21,729	60,240	59,985
Loss from operations	(19,357)	(21,729)	(60,240)	(59,985)
Other income (expense):
Interest income, net	4,197	1,972	12,466	2,460
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of Sponsor Earn-Out Liability, net	1,917	(4,870)	5,412	16,400
Other income (expense), net	(22)	420	393	(911)
Total other income (expense), net	6,092	(2,478)	18,271	17,949
Loss before income taxes	(13,265)	(24,207)	(41,969)	(42,036)
Provision for income taxes	(208)	(121)	(678)	(310)
Net loss	(13,473)	(24,328)	(42,647)	(42,346)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments	242		(12)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(99)	(1,194)	(1,519)	(2,462)
Total comprehensive loss	$ (13,330)	$ (25,522)	$ (44,178)	$ (44,808)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.04)	$ (0.08)	$ (0.14)	$ (0.15)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.04)	$ (0.08)	$ (0.14)	$ (0.15)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic (in shares)	315,627,263	311,680,656	314,550,810	280,859,250
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, diluted (in shares)	315,627,263	311,680,656	314,550,810	280,859,250

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Common Stock [Member] Previously Reported [Member]	Common Stock [Member] Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment [Member]	[1]	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member] Previously Reported [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member] Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment [Member]	[1]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member] Previously Reported [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member] Previously Reported [Member]	AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]	Previously Reported [Member]	Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment [Member]	[1]	Total
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)														36,064,095	177,896,191		213,960,286
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, carrying amount														$ 269,941			$ 269,941
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021			$ 6		$ 6	$ 5,604	$ (6)		$ 5,598	$ (94,293)	$ (94,293)	$ 367	$ 367	(88,322)			(88,322)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		10,474,509	51,668,426		62,142,935
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock in connection with reverse recapitalization upon Business Combination																	$ (269,941)
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock in connection with reverse recapitalization upon Business Combination (in shares)																	(213,960,286)
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock in connection with reverse recapitalization upon Business Combination					$ 21				269,920								$ 269,941
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock in connection with reverse recapitalization upon Business Combination (in shares)					213,960,286
Business Combination and PIPE Financing, net of redemptions and transaction costs	[2]				$ 7				234,514								234,521
Business Combination and PIPE Financing, net of redemptions and transaction costs (in shares)	[2]				71,767,824
Forfeitures of Earn-Out restricted shares					(9,080)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options									4								4
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)					31,217
Stock-based compensation									3,186								3,186
Net Income (Loss)											(27,033)						(27,033)
Foreign currency translation adjustments													109				109
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2022					$ 34				513,222		(121,326)		476				392,406
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022					347,893,182
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021			$ 6		$ 6	$ 5,604	$ (6)		5,598	$ (94,293)	(94,293)	$ 367	367	$ (88,322)			(88,322)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		10,474,509	51,668,426		62,142,935
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net Income (Loss)																	(42,346)
Foreign currency translation adjustments																	(2,462)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022					$ 34				532,413		(136,639)		(2,095)				393,713
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022					349,772,538
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2022					$ 34				513,222		(121,326)		476				392,406
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022					347,893,182
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Release of accrued transaction costs related to Business Combination and PIPE Financing									6,174								6,174
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options									38								38
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)					337,453
Stock-based compensation									5,547								5,547
Net Income (Loss)											9,015						9,015
Foreign currency translation adjustments													(1,377)				(1,377)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2022					$ 34				524,981		(112,311)		(901)				411,803
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022					348,230,635
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options									218								218
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)					1,376,206
Stock-based compensation									7,214								7,214
Restricted stock units vested (in shares)					165,697
Net Income (Loss)											(24,328)						(24,328)
Foreign currency translation adjustments													(1,194)				(1,194)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022					$ 34				532,413		(136,639)		(2,095)				393,713
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022					349,772,538
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022					$ 35				538,041		(145,286)		(1,251)				391,539
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022					349,714,840
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Forfeitures of Earn-Out restricted shares					(1,904)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options									13								13
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)					94,319
Stock-based compensation									6,462								6,462
Restricted stock units vested (in shares)					4,727
Net Income (Loss)											(16,226)						(16,226)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments													467				467
Foreign currency translation adjustments													72				72
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023					$ 35				544,516		(161,512)		(712)				382,327
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023					349,811,982
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022					$ 35				538,041		(145,286)		(1,251)				391,539
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022					349,714,840
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net Income (Loss)																	(42,647)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments																	(12)
Foreign currency translation adjustments																	(1,519)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023					$ 35				554,403		(187,933)		(2,782)				363,723
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023					351,720,808
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2023					$ 35				544,516		(161,512)		(712)				382,327
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023					349,811,982
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Forfeitures of Earn-Out restricted shares					(237)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options									64								64
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)					477,443
Stock-based compensation									7,325								7,325
Restricted stock units vested (in shares)					924,179
Forfeitures of Restricted Stock Awards (in shares)					(1,431)
Net Income (Loss)											(12,948)						(12,948)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments													(721)				(721)
Foreign currency translation adjustments													(1,492)				(1,492)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023					$ 35				551,905		(174,460)		(2,925)				374,555
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023					351,211,936
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Forfeitures of Earn-Out restricted shares					(306,526)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options									80								80
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)					715,939
Stock-based compensation									2,418								2,418
Restricted stock units vested (in shares)					103,167
Forfeitures of Restricted Stock Awards (in shares)					(3,708)
Net Income (Loss)											(13,473)						(13,473)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments													242				242
Foreign currency translation adjustments													(99)				(99)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023					$ 35				$ 554,403		$ (187,933)		$ (2,782)				$ 363,723
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023					351,720,808

[1] Nine Month Period Ended September 30, 2022

[2] Includes issuance of 33,793,878 restricted shares of Class A common stock and 3,999,796 restricted shares of Class B common stock, subject to vesting.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 shares
Common Stock [Member]
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	349,772,538
Common Stock [Member] | Common Class A [Member]
Business Combination and PIPE Financing, net of redemptions and transaction costs, restricted shares subject to vesting (in shares)	33,793,878
Common Stock [Member] | Common Class B [Member]
Business Combination and PIPE Financing, net of redemptions and transaction costs, restricted shares subject to vesting (in shares)	3,999,796

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net loss	$ (42,647)	$ (42,346)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation	16,205	15,947
Accretion income from marketable securities	(8,608)
Depreciation and amortization	3,928	1,580
Gain from change in fair value of Sponsor Earn-Out liability	(5,412)	(16,400)
Other	(511)	(371)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivable from related party	(98)	5,943
Inventories	(243)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(3,336)	(3,401)
Accounts payable	625	(761)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(3,797)	2,002
Net cash used in operating activities	(43,894)	(37,807)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(12,281)	(10,645)
Purchase of marketable securities	(180,051)
Maturities of marketable securities	180,000
Net cash used in investing activities	(12,332)	(10,645)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Proceeds from Business Combination and PIPE Financing, net of issuance costs		282,940
Proceeds from stock option exercises	157	260
Net cash provided by financing activities	157	283,200
Effect of exchange rates on cash	(664)	(639)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(56,732)	234,109
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period (Note 4)	107,936	161,044
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period (Note 4)	51,204	395,153
Supplemental Non-Cash Information:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses related to purchases of property and equipment	4,384	4,668
Lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets	$ 1,751	1,565
Conversion of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock to shares of Class A Common Stock		(269,941)
Release of accrued transaction costs related to Business Combination and PIPE Financing		6,174
Liabilities acquired in the Business Combination		$ (387)

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Nature of Business

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nature of Business

Note 1.  Nature of Business

Organization

SES AI Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries (together the “Company” or “SES”), is engaged in the development of high-performance, Lithium-Metal (“Li-Metal”) rechargeable battery technologies for electric vehicles (“EVs”), Urban Air Mobility (“UAM”) and other applications. We were founded in 2012 and our mission is to facilitate the widespread adoption of sustainable electric transportation, both on land and in air, by creating best-in-class, high energy density Li-Metal batteries centered around long-range performance and safety. Our differentiated battery technology has been designed to combine the high energy density of Li-Metal with large-scale manufacturability of conventional Lithium-ion (“Li-ion”) batteries and will help to promote the transition from the global dependence on fossil fuel-based automotive vehicles to clean and efficient EVs. The Company’s headquarters are located in Woburn, Massachusetts with research and development facilities located there, in Shanghai, China, and in Chungju, South Korea. Principal operations have not yet commenced as of September 30, 2023, and the Company has not derived revenue from its principal business activities.

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2.  Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial reporting and are unaudited. Management believes that all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of results, consisting of normally recurring items, have been included in the condensed consolidated financial statements for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year or any other future interim or annual periods. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. As a result of the Business Combination completed on February 3, 2022, prior period share and per share amounts presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and these related notes have been retroactively converted. The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31.

The year-end balance sheet data was derived from audited consolidated financial statements. These unaudited financial statements do not include all of the annual disclosures required by U.S. GAAP; accordingly, they should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 16, 2023 (the “Annual Report”).

Use of estimates

The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of commitments and contingencies, and the reported amounts of revenues, if any, and expenses. The Company bases its estimates on available historical experience and on various other factors that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not apparent from other sources. Changes in estimates are reflected in reported results for the period in which they become known. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Significant estimates and assumptions include those related to the valuation of (i) certain equity awards, including common stock awards prior to the Business Combination, the Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, the Earn-Out Restricted Shares, restricted stock awards, and performance stock units, (ii) deferred tax assets and uncertain income tax positions, and (iii) and the measurement of operating lease liabilities. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates these judgments and estimates for reasonableness.

Investments

The Company has investments in marketable debt and marketable equity securities. Investments in marketable debt securities, which are comprised of U.S. treasury securities, are classified as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value with any unrealized gains and losses

included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in total stockholders’ equity on the consolidated balance sheets until realized or until a determination is made that an other-than-temporary decline in market value has occurred. The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity, with such amortization and accretion reported within interest income, net in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Investments in marketable debt securities with a stated maturity date of less than one year are classified as short-term investments, while those with a stated maturity date of more than one year, and that are not expected to be used in current operations, are classified as long-term investments on the consolidated balance sheet, respectively. Investments in marketable equity securities with a readily determinable fair value, not accounted for under the equity method, are recorded at fair value with changes to fair value reported within other comprehensive (loss) income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as an exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be either recorded or disclosed at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact, and it also considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

The Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1    Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2    Inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly.

Level 3    Unobservable inputs in which there are little or no market data and which require the Company to develop its own assumptions.

Certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities are carried at cost, which approximates their fair value because of their short-term nature. The following table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
September 30, 2023
Current assets
Cash equivalents in money market funds (Note 4)	$	42,518	$	—	$	—	$	42,518
U.S. treasury securities(1)		291,631		—		—		291,631
Equity securities(2)		594		—		—		594
Total current assets at fair value	$	334,743	$	—	$	—	$	334,743
Non-current assets
U.S. treasury securities(1)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Restricted cash in money market funds		614		—		—		614
Total non-current assets at fair value	$	614	$	—	$	—	$	614
Total assets at fair value	$	335,357	$	—	$	—	$	335,357
Liabilities
Sponsor Earn-Out Liability(3)	$	—	$	—	$	5,549	$	5,549
Total liabilities at fair value	$	—	$	—	$	5,549	$	5,549
December 31, 2022
Current assets
Cash equivalents in money market funds (Note 4)	$	46,308	$	—	$	—	$	46,308
U.S. treasury securities(1)		283,460		—		—		283,460
Total current assets at fair value	$	329,768	$	—	$	—	$	329,768
Non-current assets
Restricted cash in money market funds	$	614	$	—	$	—	$	614
Total non-current assets at fair value	$	614	$	—	$	—	$	614
Total assets at fair value	$	330,382	$	—	$	—	$	330,382
Liabilities
Sponsor Earn-Out Liability(3)	$	—	$	—	$	10,961	$	10,961
Total liabilities at fair value	$	—	$	—	$	10,961	$	10,961

⁽¹⁾ Fair value was determined using market prices obtained from third-party sources, see “Note 5 – Investments” for more details.

⁽²⁾ Fair value was determined using publicly quoted market prices obtained from third-party sources in their respective markets.

⁽³⁾ See “Note 8 – Sponsor Earn-Out Liability” for details about inputs used in the fair value measurements of the Sponsor Earn-Out Liability.

There were no transfers in or out of Level 3 measurements during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has reviewed all accounting pronouncements issued during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and concluded they were either not applicable or not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Partnerships

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Partnerships

Note 3.  Partnerships

In December 2020, the Company established a partnership with Hyundai Motor Company (“Hyundai”) when it entered into a joint development agreement (“JDA”) to jointly research and develop Li-Metal battery technology.  Further, in May 2021, the Company executed another JDA with Hyundai to jointly develop an A-Sample Li-Metal battery effective August 31, 2021. The JDAs have an initial term of three years.

In February 2021, the Company established a partnership with GM Global Technology Operations LLC (“GM Technology”), an affiliate of GM Ventures LLC (“GM Ventures”), and General Motors Holdings LLC (“GM Holdings”) (collectively, “General Motors” or “GM”) when it entered into a JDA to jointly research and develop an A-Sample Li-Metal battery cell and build-out a prototype manufacturing line for GM Technology. The JDA has an initial term of three years.

In December 2021, the Company established a partnership with Honda Motor Company, Ltd. (“Honda”) when it entered into a JDA to jointly research and develop an A-Sample Li-Metal battery cell. The JDA had a term of two years, which concluded on June 30, 2023.

Under the terms of certain JDAs, the Company will fund research and development activities and capital expenditures related the buildout of pilot manufacturing lines and the JDA partner will be required to reimburse such expenses to the Company, regardless of the results of the research and development activities. The following table summarizes credits to research and development recorded in accordance to the terms of the JDA agreements:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Research and development (related party)	$	2,511	$	2,216	$	6,818	$	5,672
Research and development		414		1,045		7,580		3,443
Total credits to research and development	$	2,925	$	3,261	$	14,398	$	9,116

Additionally, the Company recorded $0.5 million and $9.9 million as a credit to property and equipment in the condensed consolidated balance sheet for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, which represents reimbursements received from a related party for property and equipment constructed and owned by the Company.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $2.5 million and $2.4 million, respectively, were outstanding as a receivable from related party as disclosed in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2023, there was a non-related party receivable of $0.5 million outstanding compared to no amount outstanding at December 31, 2022. As of September 30, 2023, there was no deferred income for non-related party JDAs as compared to the $4.2 million recorded as deferred income at December 31, 2022. Amounts for non-related party receivables and deferred income are recorded within prepaid expenses and other current assets and accrued expenses and other current liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets.

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Cash and Cash Equivalents

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Note 4.  Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash	$	7,420	$	60,315
Money market funds		42,518		46,308
Total cash and cash equivalents		49,938		106,623
Restricted cash included in other assets		1,266		1,313
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows	$	51,204	$	107,936

Restricted cash includes cash held in checking and money market funds as collateral to secure certain insurance policies and a letter of credit for corporate lease activity.

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Investments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Investments

Note 5.  Investments

The following table provides amortized costs, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair values for the Company’s investments in available-for-sale marketable debt securities as of September 30, 2023, which have maturity dates that range from 1 month to 9 months. There were no realized gains or losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

September 30, 2023			Gross		Gross
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Short-term U.S. treasury securities	$	291,888	$	—	$	(257)	$	291,631
Total	$	291,888	$	—	$	(257)	$	291,631
December 31, 2022			Gross		Gross
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Short-term U.S. treasury securities	$	283,705	$	2	$	(247)	$	283,460
Total	$	283,705	$	2	$	(247)	$	283,460

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Note 6.  Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

The components of accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Employee compensation and related costs	$	3,736	$	3,115
Construction in process		1,674		229
Income taxes payable		1,075		1,422
Professional and consulting services		572		1,566
Deferred income received under joint development agreements		—		4,189
Other		780		750
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	7,837	$	11,271

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Government Grant

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Government Assistance [Abstract]

Government Grant

Note 7.  Government Grant

In December 2022, the Company was awarded a grant (the “Grant”) from certain government agencies. The incentives received under the Grant, which is in the form of cash, can be used for facilities related expenses and the purchase of property and equipment. The Company is required to adhere to certain conditions attached to the incentives, which include required minimum investments into specified spending categories and the creation of a minimum amount of permanent full-time jobs in a certain geographical location over the next five years. The Company has received, but not yet earned, 8.4 billion Korean won, which is equivalent to $6.2 million and $6.7 million, after translation, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which is disclosed as a noncurrent liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

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Sponsor Earn-Out Liability

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Sponsor Earn-Out Liability

Note 8.  Sponsor Earn-Out Liability

Prior to the closing of the Business Combination (the “Closing”), Ivanhoe Capital Acquisition Corp. (“Ivanhoe”), a Cayman Islands exempted company, migrated out of the Cayman Islands and domesticated as a Delaware corporation (the “Domestication”) and changed its name to “SES AI Corporation.” On February 2, 2022, in connection with the Domestication, 6,900,000 of Ivanhoe’s Class B ordinary shares held by Ivanhoe Capital Sponsor LLC (the “Sponsor”) converted into an equal number of shares of duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class B Common Stock”), of the Company. At Closing, these 6,900,000 shares of Class B Common Stock converted into an equal number of shares of duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable Class A common stock par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class A Common Stock”, and together with the Class B Common Stock, “Common Stock”), of the Company (the “Sponsor Earn-Out Shares”). These Sponsor Earn-Out Shares are subject to certain transfer restrictions and forfeiture terms following the Closing, which will be released as follows:

● 20% were subject to transfer restrictions until the date that was 180 days after the Closing (“Tranche 1”);

● 20% are subject to transfer restrictions until SES’s closing stock price equals or exceeds $12.00 for 20 out of 30 consecutive trading days following the date that is 150 days after the Closing (“Tranche 2”);

● 20% are subject to transfer restrictions until SES’s closing stock price equals or exceeds $14.00 for 20 out of 30 consecutive trading days following the date that is 150 days after the Closing (“Tranche 3”);

● 20% are subject to transfer restrictions until SES’s closing stock price equals or exceeds $16.00 for 20 out of 30 consecutive trading days following the date that is 150 days after the Closing (“Tranche 4”); and

● 20% are subject to transfer restrictions until SES’s closing stock price equals or exceeds $18.00 for 20 out of 30 consecutive trading days following the date that is 150 days after the Closing (“Tranche 5”).

If there is a change in control of SES at a per share value of greater than $18.00, then 100% of the Sponsor Earn-Out Shares will be released from these transfer restrictions; however if the per share value is less than $18.00 upon a change in control, then the Sponsor Earn-Out Shares will be released pro rata based on the per share value of the change in control and the stock price thresholds for release specified above. Any Sponsor Earn-Out Shares not released will be forfeited and cancelled.

The Sponsor Earn-Out Shares in Tranche 1 were accounted for as equity instruments because they are legally owned by the Sponsor, cannot be forfeited and were subject only to transfer restrictions that lapsed 180 days after the Closing Date, which occurred on August 2, 2022. The Sponsor Earn-Out Shares in Tranches 2 through 5 represent the Sponsor Earn-Out Liability and are accounted for as a derivative liability because the earn-out triggering events that determine the number of Sponsor Earn-Out Shares to be earned back by the Sponsor include events that are not solely indexed to the shares of Class A common stock.

The Sponsor Earn-Out Liability is measured at its estimated fair value using Level 3 inputs in a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model. As of September 30, 2023, the earn-out triggering events were not achieved for any of Tranche 2 through Tranche 5, and as such the Company adjusted the carrying amount of the Sponsor Earn-out Liability to its estimated fair value as presented within gain on change in fair value of Sponsor Earn-out Liability, net in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending fair value balances for the Sponsor Earn-Out Liability, which is recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheet:

		(in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	10,961
Change in fair value		(5,412)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	$	5,549

Inherent in the valuation model are assumptions related to expected stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, expected life, and dividend yield. The key inputs used in the Monte Carlo simulation model at their respective measurement dates were as follows:

		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Contractual term (in years)		3.3		4.1
Risk free rate		4.82%		4.09%
Expected volatility		84.0%		85.0%
Expected dividends		0%		0%
Stock price	$	2.27	$	3.15

The stock price is based on the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock as of the valuation date and simulated through the end of the earn-out period following Geometric Brownian Motion. The Company estimates the volatility of its common stock by using an average of historical volatilities of SES’s and select peer companies’ common stock that matches the expected remaining term of the awards. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield curve for zero-coupon U.S. Treasury notes with maturities corresponding to the expected remaining life of the awards, which is assumed to be equivalent to their remaining contractual term. The dividend rate is based on the historical rate, which the Company anticipates remaining at zero.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Note 9.  Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

Under the terms of one of the JDAs, the Company is committed to undertake certain research and development activities to the benefit of both itself and its OEM partner which involves expenditures related to engineering efforts and purchases of related equipment. This JDA has an agreed-upon value of up to $50 million, of which the Company has spent $8.7 million as of September 30, 2023.

In December 2021, the Company amended the lease agreement on a facility in Woburn, Massachusetts. The amendment includes an obligation to pay monthly relinquishment charges (equal to the total rental obligation for the duration of the lease term), only if the new tenant does not pay monthly rental amount and lessor has provided a notice to collect the relinquishment charges from the Company. As of September 30, 2023, the Company assessed the probability of any liability to be incurred for relinquishment charges as remote.

Legal Contingencies

From time-to-time, the Company may be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of business or become involved in litigation or other legal proceedings. While the outcome of such claims or other proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company’s management expects that any such liabilities, to the extent not provided for by insurance or otherwise, would not have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Indemnifications

The Company enters into indemnification provisions under agreements with other companies in the ordinary course of business, including, but not limited to, partnerships, landlords, vendors, and contractors. Pursuant to these arrangements, the Company agrees to indemnify, defend, and hold harmless the indemnified party for certain losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party as a result of the Company’s activities. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these agreements is not determinable. The Company has never incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification provisions. In addition, the Company indemnifies its officers, directors, and certain key employees against claims made with respect to matters that arise while they are serving in their respective capacities as such, subject to certain limitations set forth under applicable law, and applicable indemnification agreements. The Company maintains insurance, including commercial general liability insurance, product liability insurance, and directors and officers insurance to offset certain potential liabilities under these indemnification provisions. To date, there have been no claims under these indemnification provisions.

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Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Note 10.  Stock-Based Compensation

The Company’s stock-based compensation included in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), net of forfeitures, was as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Research and development	$	(1,437)	$	2,417	$	2,623	$	4,678
General and administrative		3,855		4,797		13,582		11,269
Total stock-based compensation	$	2,418	$	7,214	$	16,205	$	15,947

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense by award type:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs")	$	2,393	$	2,984	$	7,077	$	4,802
Earn-Out Restricted Shares		(1,597)		2,195		2,704		5,760
Performance Stock Units ("PSUs")		739		1,345		3,471		2,420
Restricted Stock Awards ("RSAs")		782		578		2,638		2,624
Stock options		101		112		315		341
Total	$	2,418	$	7,214	$	16,205	$	15,947

In April 2023, the Company granted 4,071,979 RSUs and 1,631,800 PSUs, which relates to the annual grant to our directors, executive officers and employees. PSUs are measured at their estimated fair value using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model with the effect of the market condition reflected in the grant date fair value of the award. The fair value of RSUs is estimated based on the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock at the date of grant.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Note 11.   Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was (1.5)% and (1.4)%, respectively, compared with (0.5)% and (0.7)% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The difference between the provision for income taxes

and the income tax determined by applying the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% principally results from income taxes on earnings from its foreign tax jurisdictions offset by losses generated in the U.S. where no benefit was recorded because the Company had fully reserved its deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and the recording of uncertain tax positions and interest expense.

As of September 30, 2023, there were $0.9 million in changes to the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits related to transfer pricing adjustments from prior year end.

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Net Income (Loss) Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Note 12.  Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss), as adjusted for changes in fair value recognized in earnings from equity contracts classified as liabilities, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and, when dilutive, common share equivalents from outstanding stock options and restricted stock units (using the treasury-stock method). The weighted-average number of common shares used in the computation of basic and diluted net income per share were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic	$	(13,473)	$	(24,328)	$	(42,647)	$	(42,346)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding - basic and diluted		315,627,263		311,680,656		314,550,810		280,859,250
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(0.04)	$	(0.08)	$	(0.14)	$	(0.15)

The number of common stock equivalents excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because either the effect would have been anti-dilutive, or the performance criteria related to such shares and awards had not been met, were as follows:

	As of September 30,
	2023		2022
Escrowed Earn-Out Shares		27,690,978		27,690,978
Options to purchase common stock		16,032,057		18,724,863
Public Warrants		9,199,947		9,199,947
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares		5,520,000		5,520,000
Private Warrants		5,013,333		5,013,333
Unvested RSUs		6,350,199		2,755,058
Unvested PSUs		3,364,810		2,116,942
Earn-Out Restricted Shares		1,622,377		1,952,336
Unvested RSAs		753,038		1,505,944
Total		75,546,739		74,479,401

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Related-Party Transactions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related-Party Transactions

Note 13.  Related-Party Transactions

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, pursuant to the Director Nomination Agreement, General Motors Company and its affiliates (“GM”) were considered related parties due to their board representation and the board member’s employment position at GM, which remained in effect as long as GM continues to hold more than 5% of the fully diluted outstanding equity securities of SES as per the agreement.  See “Note 3 – Partnerships” for more details about our partnership with GM.

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial reporting and are unaudited. Management believes that all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of results, consisting of normally recurring items, have been included in the condensed consolidated financial statements for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year or any other future interim or annual periods. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. As a result of the Business Combination completed on February 3, 2022, prior period share and per share amounts presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and these related notes have been retroactively converted. The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31.

The year-end balance sheet data was derived from audited consolidated financial statements. These unaudited financial statements do not include all of the annual disclosures required by U.S. GAAP; accordingly, they should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 16, 2023 (the “Annual Report”).

Use of Estimates

Use of estimates

The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of commitments and contingencies, and the reported amounts of revenues, if any, and expenses. The Company bases its estimates on available historical experience and on various other factors that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not apparent from other sources. Changes in estimates are reflected in reported results for the period in which they become known. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Significant estimates and assumptions include those related to the valuation of (i) certain equity awards, including common stock awards prior to the Business Combination, the Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, the Earn-Out Restricted Shares, restricted stock awards, and performance stock units, (ii) deferred tax assets and uncertain income tax positions, and (iii) and the measurement of operating lease liabilities. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates these judgments and estimates for reasonableness.

Investments

Investments

The Company has investments in marketable debt and marketable equity securities. Investments in marketable debt securities, which are comprised of U.S. treasury securities, are classified as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value with any unrealized gains and losses

included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in total stockholders’ equity on the consolidated balance sheets until realized or until a determination is made that an other-than-temporary decline in market value has occurred. The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity, with such amortization and accretion reported within interest income, net in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Investments in marketable debt securities with a stated maturity date of less than one year are classified as short-term investments, while those with a stated maturity date of more than one year, and that are not expected to be used in current operations, are classified as long-term investments on the consolidated balance sheet, respectively. Investments in marketable equity securities with a readily determinable fair value, not accounted for under the equity method, are recorded at fair value with changes to fair value reported within other comprehensive (loss) income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as an exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be either recorded or disclosed at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact, and it also considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

The Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1    Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2    Inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly.

Level 3    Unobservable inputs in which there are little or no market data and which require the Company to develop its own assumptions.

Certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities are carried at cost, which approximates their fair value because of their short-term nature. The following table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
September 30, 2023
Current assets
Cash equivalents in money market funds (Note 4)	$	42,518	$	—	$	—	$	42,518
U.S. treasury securities(1)		291,631		—		—		291,631
Equity securities(2)		594		—		—		594
Total current assets at fair value	$	334,743	$	—	$	—	$	334,743
Non-current assets
U.S. treasury securities(1)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Restricted cash in money market funds		614		—		—		614
Total non-current assets at fair value	$	614	$	—	$	—	$	614
Total assets at fair value	$	335,357	$	—	$	—	$	335,357
Liabilities
Sponsor Earn-Out Liability(3)	$	—	$	—	$	5,549	$	5,549
Total liabilities at fair value	$	—	$	—	$	5,549	$	5,549
December 31, 2022
Current assets
Cash equivalents in money market funds (Note 4)	$	46,308	$	—	$	—	$	46,308
U.S. treasury securities(1)		283,460		—		—		283,460
Total current assets at fair value	$	329,768	$	—	$	—	$	329,768
Non-current assets
Restricted cash in money market funds	$	614	$	—	$	—	$	614
Total non-current assets at fair value	$	614	$	—	$	—	$	614
Total assets at fair value	$	330,382	$	—	$	—	$	330,382
Liabilities
Sponsor Earn-Out Liability(3)	$	—	$	—	$	10,961	$	10,961
Total liabilities at fair value	$	—	$	—	$	10,961	$	10,961

⁽¹⁾ Fair value was determined using market prices obtained from third-party sources, see “Note 5 – Investments” for more details.

⁽²⁾ Fair value was determined using publicly quoted market prices obtained from third-party sources in their respective markets.

⁽³⁾ See “Note 8 – Sponsor Earn-Out Liability” for details about inputs used in the fair value measurements of the Sponsor Earn-Out Liability.

There were no transfers in or out of Level 3 measurements during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has reviewed all accounting pronouncements issued during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and concluded they were either not applicable or not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
September 30, 2023
Current assets
Cash equivalents in money market funds (Note 4)	$	42,518	$	—	$	—	$	42,518
U.S. treasury securities(1)		291,631		—		—		291,631
Equity securities(2)		594		—		—		594
Total current assets at fair value	$	334,743	$	—	$	—	$	334,743
Non-current assets
U.S. treasury securities(1)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Restricted cash in money market funds		614		—		—		614
Total non-current assets at fair value	$	614	$	—	$	—	$	614
Total assets at fair value	$	335,357	$	—	$	—	$	335,357
Liabilities
Sponsor Earn-Out Liability(3)	$	—	$	—	$	5,549	$	5,549
Total liabilities at fair value	$	—	$	—	$	5,549	$	5,549
December 31, 2022
Current assets
Cash equivalents in money market funds (Note 4)	$	46,308	$	—	$	—	$	46,308
U.S. treasury securities(1)		283,460		—		—		283,460
Total current assets at fair value	$	329,768	$	—	$	—	$	329,768
Non-current assets
Restricted cash in money market funds	$	614	$	—	$	—	$	614
Total non-current assets at fair value	$	614	$	—	$	—	$	614
Total assets at fair value	$	330,382	$	—	$	—	$	330,382
Liabilities
Sponsor Earn-Out Liability(3)	$	—	$	—	$	10,961	$	10,961
Total liabilities at fair value	$	—	$	—	$	10,961	$	10,961

⁽¹⁾ Fair value was determined using market prices obtained from third-party sources, see “Note 5 – Investments” for more details.

⁽²⁾ Fair value was determined using publicly quoted market prices obtained from third-party sources in their respective markets.

⁽³⁾ See “Note 8 – Sponsor Earn-Out Liability” for details about inputs used in the fair value measurements of the Sponsor Earn-Out Liability.

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Partnerships (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Summary of expenses incurred that were recorded as a credit to research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Research and development (related party)	$	2,511	$	2,216	$	6,818	$	5,672
Research and development		414		1,045		7,580		3,443
Total credits to research and development	$	2,925	$	3,261	$	14,398	$	9,116

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Cash and Cash Equivalents (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Schedule of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash	$	7,420	$	60,315
Money market funds		42,518		46,308
Total cash and cash equivalents		49,938		106,623
Restricted cash included in other assets		1,266		1,313
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows	$	51,204	$	107,936

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Investments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Schedule of amortized costs, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair values of investments

September 30, 2023			Gross		Gross
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Short-term U.S. treasury securities	$	291,888	$	—	$	(257)	$	291,631
Total	$	291,888	$	—	$	(257)	$	291,631
December 31, 2022			Gross		Gross
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Short-term U.S. treasury securities	$	283,705	$	2	$	(247)	$	283,460
Total	$	283,705	$	2	$	(247)	$	283,460

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of accrued expenses and other current liabilities

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Employee compensation and related costs	$	3,736	$	3,115
Construction in process		1,674		229
Income taxes payable		1,075		1,422
Professional and consulting services		572		1,566
Deferred income received under joint development agreements		—		4,189
Other		780		750
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	7,837	$	11,271

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Sponsor Earn-Out Liability (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of the reconciliation of the Sponsor Earn-Out liability

		(in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	10,961
Change in fair value		(5,412)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	$	5,549

Schedule of key inputs into the Monte Carlo simulation model for the Sponsor Earn-Out liability

		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Contractual term (in years)		3.3		4.1
Risk free rate		4.82%		4.09%
Expected volatility		84.0%		85.0%
Expected dividends		0%		0%
Stock price	$	2.27	$	3.15

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Summary of compensation expense related to stock-based awards

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Research and development	$	(1,437)	$	2,417	$	2,623	$	4,678
General and administrative		3,855		4,797		13,582		11,269
Total stock-based compensation	$	2,418	$	7,214	$	16,205	$	15,947

Summary of share-based compensation expense by award type

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs")	$	2,393	$	2,984	$	7,077	$	4,802
Earn-Out Restricted Shares		(1,597)		2,195		2,704		5,760
Performance Stock Units ("PSUs")		739		1,345		3,471		2,420
Restricted Stock Awards ("RSAs")		782		578		2,638		2,624
Stock options		101		112		315		341
Total	$	2,418	$	7,214	$	16,205	$	15,947

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Net Income (Loss) Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic	$	(13,473)	$	(24,328)	$	(42,647)	$	(42,346)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding - basic and diluted		315,627,263		311,680,656		314,550,810		280,859,250
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(0.04)	$	(0.08)	$	(0.14)	$	(0.15)

Schedule of potentially dilutive securities

	As of September 30,
	2023		2022
Escrowed Earn-Out Shares		27,690,978		27,690,978
Options to purchase common stock		16,032,057		18,724,863
Public Warrants		9,199,947		9,199,947
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares		5,520,000		5,520,000
Private Warrants		5,013,333		5,013,333
Unvested RSUs		6,350,199		2,755,058
Unvested PSUs		3,364,810		2,116,942
Earn-Out Restricted Shares		1,622,377		1,952,336
Unvested RSAs		753,038		1,505,944
Total		75,546,739		74,479,401

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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Fair Value - Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt securities, available-for-sale, current	$ 292,225	$ 283,460
Restricted cash and cash equivalents, noncurrent	$ 1,266	$ 1,313
Financial Liabilities Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Derivative Liability, Statement of Financial Position	Sponsor Earn-Out Liability	Sponsor Earn-Out Liability
Fair Value, Recurring [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents		$ 46,308
Debt securities, available-for-sale, current	$ 291,631	283,460
Equity securities	594
Total current assets at fair value	334,743	329,768
Total non-current assets at fair value	614	614
Assets	335,357	330,382
Financial Liabilities Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Sponsor Earn-Out Liability	5,549	10,961
Total liabilities at fair value	5,549	10,961
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	42,518
Restricted cash and cash equivalents, noncurrent	614	614
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents		46,308
Debt securities, available-for-sale, current	291,631	283,460
Equity securities	594
Total current assets at fair value	334,743	329,768
Total non-current assets at fair value	614	614
Assets	335,357	330,382
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	42,518
Restricted cash and cash equivalents, noncurrent	614	614
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Financial Liabilities Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Sponsor Earn-Out Liability	5,549	10,961
Total liabilities at fair value	$ 5,549	$ 10,961

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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Fair Value - Transfers (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability, Transfers, Net [Abstract]
Fair value, measurement with unobservable inputs reconciliation, recurring basis, liability, transfers, net	$ 0	$ 0

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Partnerships - General Information (Details)	1 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Aug. 31, 2021	Feb. 28, 2021
Hyundai Motor Company [Member]
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Joint development agreements, period		3 years
Director [Member] | GM Global Technology Operations LLC, Affiliate of General Motors Ventures LLC and General Motors Holdings LLC [Member]
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Joint development agreements, period			3 years
Investor [Member] | Honda Motor Company, Ltd. [Member]
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Joint development agreements, period	2 years

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Partnerships - Credits to Research and Development (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Research and development (related party)	$ 2,511	$ 2,216	$ 6,818	$ 5,672
Research and development	414	1,045	7,580	3,443
Total credits to research and development	$ 2,925	$ 3,261	$ 14,398	$ 9,116

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Partnerships - Credits to Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Joint development agreements, research and development credit, related parties, reimbursements towards facility set-up costs	$ 0.5	$ 9.9

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Partnerships - Receivables (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party [Member]
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Other receivables	$ 2.5	$ 2.4
Nonrelated Party [Member]
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Other receivables	$ 0.5	$ 0.0

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Partnerships - Deferred Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Joint development agreements, deferred income	$ 0.0	$ 4.2

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Cash and Cash Equivalents (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Cash	$ 7,420	$ 60,315
Money market funds	42,518	46,308
Total cash and cash equivalents	49,938	106,623
Restricted cash included in other assets	1,266	1,313
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows	$ 51,204	$ 107,936	$ 395,153	$ 161,044
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position	Other assets	Other assets

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Investments - General Information (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Realized Gain (Loss) [Abstract]
Debt securities, available-for-sale, realized gain (loss)	$ 0	$ 0
Minimum [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Abstract]
Debt securities, available-for-sale, term	1 month	1 month
Maximum [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Abstract]
Debt securities, available-for-sale, term	9 months	9 months

XML

Investments - Tabular Disclosure (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Fair Value to Amortized Cost, after Allowance for Credit Loss [Abstract]
Debt securities, available-for-sale, current	$ 292,225	$ 283,460
Amortized cost	291,888	283,705
Gross unrealized gains		2
Gross unrealized losses	(257)	(247)
Fair value	291,631	283,460
US Treasury and Government [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Fair Value to Amortized Cost, after Allowance for Credit Loss [Abstract]
Amortized cost, current	291,888	283,705
Gross unrealized gains, current		2
Gross unrealized losses, current	(257)	(247)
Debt securities, available-for-sale, current	$ 291,631	$ 283,460

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Employee compensation and related costs	$ 3,736	$ 3,115
Construction in process	1,674	229
Income taxes payable	1,075	1,422
Professional and consulting services	572	1,566
Deferred income received under joint development agreements		4,189
Other	780	750
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 7,837	$ 11,271

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Government Grant (Details) $ in Millions, ₩ in Billions	1 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 KRW (₩)	Sep. 30, 2023 KRW (₩)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Government Assistance [Abstract]
Government assistance, transaction duration	5 years
Government assistance, unearned government grant	₩ 8.4	₩ 8.4	$ 6.2	$ 6.7

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Sponsor Earn-Out Liability - General Information (Details)	Feb. 02, 2022 $ / shares shares
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, shares issued (in shares) | shares	6,900,000
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, par value (in dollars per shares) | $ / shares	$ 0.0001

XML

Sponsor Earn-Out Liability - Transfer Restrictions and Forfeiture Terms (Details)	Feb. 02, 2022 D $ / shares
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, Tranche 1, percentage of total shares (as a percent)	20.00%
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, Tranche 1, term from closing	180 days
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, Tranche 2, percentage of total shares (as a percent)	20.00%
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, Tranche 2, minimum share price to exceed (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 12.00
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, Tranche 2, minimum share price to exceed, trading days (in days)	20
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, Tranche 2, minimum share price to exceed, trading day period (in days)	30
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, Tranche 2, term from closing	150 days
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, Tranche 3, percentage of total shares (as a percent)	20.00%
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, Tranche 3, minimum share price to exceed (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 14.00
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, Tranche 3, minimum share price to exceed, trading days (in days)	20
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, Tranche 3, minimum share price to exceed, trading days (in days)	30
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, Tranche 3, term from closing	150 days
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, Tranche 4, percentage of total shares (as a percent)	20.00%
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, Tranche 4, minimum share price to exceed (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 16.00
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, Tranche 4, minimum share price to exceed, trading days (in days)	20
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, Tranche 4, minimum share price to exceed, trading days (in days)	30
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, Tranche 4, term from closing	150 days
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, Tranche 5, percentage of total shares (as a percent)	20.00%
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, Tranche 5, minimum share price to exceed (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 18.00
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, Tranche 5, minimum share price to exceed, trading days (in days)	20
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, Tranche 5, minimum share price to exceed, trading days (in days)	30
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, Tranche 5, term from closing	150 days
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, change of control, shares released from transfer restrictions, minimum share price to exceed (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 18.00
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, change of control, shares released from transfer restrictions, percentage of shares (as a percent)	100.00%
Sponsor Earn-Out Shares, transfer restrictions, change of control, shares released from transfer restrictions, pro rata, maximum share price not to exceed (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 18.00

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Sponsor Earn-Out Liability - Reconciliation (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	$ 10,961
Change in fair value	(5,412)
Ending Balance	$ 5,549
Fair Value, Liability, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income	Gain (loss) on change in fair value of Sponsor Earn-Out Liability, net

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Sponsor Earn-Out Liability - Key Inputs (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023 Y $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares Y
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Derivative Liability, Valuation Technique	us-gaap:ValuationTechniqueOptionPricingModelMember	us-gaap:ValuationTechniqueOptionPricingModelMember
Measurement Input, Share Price [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Sponsor earn-out liability, measurement input | $ / shares	2.27	3.15
Measurement Input, Price Volatility [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Sponsor earn-out liability, measurement input	0.840	0.850
Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Sponsor earn-out liability, measurement input	0.0482	0.0409
Measurement Input, Expected Term [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Sponsor earn-out liability, measurement input | Y	3.3	4.1
Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate [Member]
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Sponsor earn-out liability, measurement input	0	0

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Joint development agreements, expenditures related to engineering efforts and purchases of related equipment, maximum	$ 50.0
Joint development agreements, expenditures related to engineering efforts and purchases of related equipment, cumulative amount spent	$ 8.7

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Stock-Based Compensation - Stock-based Compensation Expense - Statement of Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ 2,418	$ 7,214	$ 16,205	$ 15,947
Research and Development Expense [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	(1,437)	2,417	2,623	4,678
General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ 3,855	$ 4,797	$ 13,582	$ 11,269

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Stock-Based Compensation - Stock-based Compensation Expense - Award Type (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ 2,418	$ 7,214	$ 16,205	$ 15,947
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	2,393	2,984	7,077	4,802
Earn-out Shares, Earn-out Restricted Shares [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	(1,597)	2,195	2,704	5,760
Performance Shares [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	739	1,345	3,471	2,420
Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	782	578	2,638	2,624
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ 101	$ 112	$ 315	$ 341

XML

Stock-Based Compensation - General Information (Details)	1 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2023 shares
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares, granted (in shares)	4,071,979
Performance Shares [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares, granted (in shares)	1,631,800

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Income Taxes - Effective Tax Rate (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent [Abstract]
Federal statutory income tax rate (as a percent)	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
Effective tax rate (as a percent)	(1.50%)	(0.50%)	(1.40%)	(0.70%)

XML

Income Taxes - Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Unrecognized tax benefits, period increase (decrease), transfer pricing adjustments	$ 0.9

XML

Net Income (Loss) Per Share - Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders, Diluted [Abstract]
Net Income (Loss)	$ (13,473)	$ (12,948)	$ (16,226)	$ (24,328)	$ 9,015	$ (27,033)	$ (42,647)	$ (42,346)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic	(13,473)			(24,328)			(42,647)	(42,346)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders - diluted	$ (13,473)			$ (24,328)			$ (42,647)	$ (42,346)
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted [Abstract]
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding, basic (in shares)	315,627,263			311,680,656			314,550,810	280,859,250
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding, diluted (in shares)	315,627,263			311,680,656			314,550,810	280,859,250
Earnings Per Share, Diluted [Abstract]
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.04)			$ (0.08)			$ (0.14)	$ (0.15)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.04)			$ (0.08)			$ (0.14)	$ (0.15)

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Net Income (Loss) Per Share - Potentially Dilutive Securities (Details) - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total	75,546,739	74,479,401
Earn-out Shares, Escrowed Earn-out Shares [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total	27,690,978	27,690,978
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total	16,032,057	18,724,863
Common Stock Warrants, Public Warrants [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total	9,199,947	9,199,947
Earn-out Shares, Sponsor Earn-out Shares [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total	5,520,000	5,520,000
Common Stock Warrants, Private Warrants [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total	5,013,333	5,013,333
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total	6,350,199	2,755,058
Performance Shares [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total	3,364,810	2,116,942
Earn-out Shares, Earn-out Restricted Shares [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total	1,622,377	1,952,336
Restricted Stock [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total	753,038	1,505,944

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Related-Party Transactions (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Director [Member] | General Motors [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Fully diluted voting interest (as a percent)	5.00%	5.00%

XML

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income (Loss)	$ (13,473)	$ (12,948)	$ (16,226)	$ (24,328)	$ 9,015	$ (27,033)	$ (42,647)	$ (42,346)

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Insider Trading Arrangements

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

shares

Hong Gan [Member]

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Material Terms of Trading Arrangement

On September 5, 2023, Hong Gan, our Chief Science Officer, adopted a trading plan intended to satisfy the conditions under Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act. Mr. Gan’s plan is for the potential exercise sale of up to 450,000 vested stock options with an expiration date of March 14, 2029 and sale of the shares of Class A common stock underlying such stock options. The duration of the trading plan is through August 15, 2024, or earlier, upon the completion of all transactions subject to the trading plan.

Name

Hong Gan

Title

Chief Science Officer

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

true

Adoption Date

September 5, 2023

Aggregate Available

450,000

Expiration Date

March 14, 2029

Jing Nealis [Member]

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Material Terms of Trading Arrangement

On September 7, 2023, Jing Nealis, our Chief Financial Officer, adopted a trading plan intended to satisfy the conditions under Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act. Ms. Nealis’s plan is for the potential sale of up to 870,000 vested stock options with an expiration date of February 10, 2031 and sale of the shares of Class A common stock underlying such stock options. The duration of the trading plan is through August 15, 2024, or earlier, upon the completion of all transactions subject to the trading plan.

Name

Jing Nealis

Title

Chief Financial Officer

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

true

Adoption Date

September 7, 2023

Aggregate Available

870,000

Expiration Date

February 10, 2031

Rohit Makharia [Member]

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Material Terms of Trading Arrangement

On September 11, 2023, Rohit Makharia, our President and Chief Strategy Officer, adopted a trading plan intended to satisfy the conditions under Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act. Mr. Makharia’s plan is for the potential exercise sale of up to 675,000 vested stock options with an expiration date of March 1, 2031 and sale of the shares of Class A common stock underlying such stock options. The duration of the trading plan is through August 15, 2024, or earlier, upon the completion of all transactions subject to the trading plan.

Name

Rohit Makharia

Title

President and Chief Strategy Officer

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

true

Adoption Date

September 11, 2023

Aggregate Available

675,000

Expiration Date

March 1, 2031