S-4/AtrueAmendment No. 4Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V0001818874Non-accelerated 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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 22, 2021
Registration No. 333-252009
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Amendment No. 4 to
FORM S-4
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V*
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Cayman Islands*
6770
98-1547291
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
317 University Ave, Suite 200
Palo Alto, California 94301
(650) 521-9007
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)
Chamath Palihapitiya
Chief Executive Officer
c/o Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V
317 University Ave, Suite 200
Palo Alto, California 94301
(650) 521-9007
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
Howard L. Ellin, Esq.
Christopher M. Barlow, Esq.
Skadden, Arps, Slate,
Meagher & Flom LLP
One Manhattan West
New York, New York 10001
(212) 735-3000
Robert Lavet, Esq.
General Counsel and
Secretary
Social Finance, Inc.
234 1st Street
San Francisco, California 94105
(855) 456-7634
Jocelyn M. Arel, Esq.
Benjamin K. Marsh, Esq.
Daniel J. Espinoza, Esq.
Goodwin Procter LLP
The New York Times Building
620 Eighth Avenue
New York, New York 10018
(212) 813-8800
Raaj S. Narayan, Esq.
Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz
51 West 52nd Street
New York, New York 10019
(212) 403-1000
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale of the securities to the public: As soon as practicable after this registration statement is declared effective and all other conditions to the Business Combination described in the enclosed proxy statement/prospectus have been satisfied or waived.
If the securities being registered on this Form are being offered in connection with the formation of a holding company and there is compliance with General Instruction G, check the following box:   o
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering:   o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering:   o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
o
Accelerated filer
o
Non-accelerated filer
x
Smaller reporting company
x
Emerging growth company
x
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.   o
If applicable, place an X in the box to designate the appropriate rule provision relied upon in conducting this transaction:
Exchange Act Rule 13e-4(i) (Cross-Border Issuer Tender Offer)   o
Exchange Act Rule 14d-l(d) (Cross-Border Third-Party Tender Offer)   o


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CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
Title of each class of securities
to be registered
Amount
to be
registered(1)
Proposed maximum offering price per security
Proposed maximum aggregate offering price
Amount of registration fee
Common stock(2)(3)
80,500,000 
12.05(4)
$970,025,000 (4)$105,829.73 
Redeemable warrants(2)(5)
20,125,000 
3.45(6)
$69,431,250 (6)$7,574.95 
Common stock(2)(7)
707,786,704 
12.05(4)
$8,528,829,783 (4)$930,495.33 
Total
$9,568,286,033 $1,043,900.01 (8)
(1)Immediately prior to the consummation of the Merger described in the proxy statement/prospectus forming part of this registration statement (the “proxy statement/prospectus”), Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V, a Cayman Islands exempted company (“SCH”), intends to effect a deregistration under the Cayman Islands Companies Act (2020 Revision) and a domestication under Section 388 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, pursuant to which SCH’s jurisdiction of incorporation will be changed from the Cayman Islands to the State of Delaware (the “Domestication”). All securities being registered will be issued by SCH (after the Domestication), the continuing entity following the Domestication, which will be renamed “SoFi Technologies, Inc.” upon the consummation of the Merger, as further described in the proxy statement/prospectus. As used herein, “SoFi Technologies” refers to SCH after the Domestication and/or the consummation of the Merger, including after such change of name, as applicable.
(2)Pursuant to Rule 416(a) of the Securities Act, there are also being registered an indeterminable number of additional securities as may be issued to prevent dilution resulting from stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.
(3)The number of shares of SoFi Technologies, Inc. (“SoFi Technologies”) common stock being registered represents the number of Class A ordinary shares of SCH that were registered pursuant to the Registration Statements on Form S-1 (333-248915 and 333-249396) (collectively, the “IPO Registration Statement”) and offered by SCH in its initial public offering (the “SCH public shares”). The SCH public shares automatically will be converted by operation of law into shares of SoFi Technologies common stock in the Domestication (“SoFi Technologies public shares”).
(4)Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee, based on the average of the high and low prices of the Class A ordinary shares of SCH (the company to which SoFi Technologies will succeed following the Domestication) on the NYSE on January 6, 2021 ($12.05 per Class A ordinary share) (such date being within five business days of the date that this registration statement was first filed with the SEC). This calculation is in accordance with Rule 457(f)(1) of the Securities Act.
(5)The number of redeemable warrants to acquire shares of SoFi Technologies common stock being registered represents the number of redeemable warrants to acquire Class A ordinary shares of SCH that were registered pursuant to the initial public offering registration statements referenced in note (2) above and offered by SCH in its initial public offering (the “SCH public warrants”). The SCH public warrants automatically will be converted by operation of law into redeemable warrants to acquire shares of SoFi Technologies common stock in the Domestication.
(6)Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee, based on the average of the high and low prices of the warrants of SCH (the company to which SoFi Technologies will succeed following the Domestication) on the NYSE on January 5, 2021 ($3.45 per warrant) (such date being within five business days of the date that this registration statement was first filed with the SEC). This calculation is in accordance with Rule 457(f)(1) of the Securities Act.
(7)Represents the aggregate number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock (a) that may be issued in respect of issued and outstanding shares of SoFi capital stock in the Merger (including pursuant to any adjustments to the base purchase price as provided in the Merger Agreement) and (b) that may be issued following the Merger upon (i) the settlement of SoFi Technologies restricted stock units into which SoFi restricted stock units outstanding as of the closing of the Merger are converted, (ii) the exercise of options to purchase SoFi Technologies common stock into which options to acquire SoFi common stock outstanding as of the closing of the Merger are converted and (iii) the exercise of warrants to purchase SoFi Technologies common stock into which warrants to purchase SoFi Series H Preferred Stock outstanding as of the closing of the Merger are converted.
(8)The filing fee has been previously paid.
*Prior to the consummation of the Merger described herein, the registrant intends to effect a deregistration under the Cayman Islands Companies Act (2020 Revision) and a domestication under Section 388 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, pursuant to which the registrant’s jurisdiction of incorporation will be changed from the Cayman Islands to the State of Delaware. All securities being registered will be issued by Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V (after its domestication as a corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware), the continuing entity following the Domestication, which will be renamed “SoFi Technologies, Inc.”
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the SEC, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.


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The information in this preliminary proxy statement/prospectus is not complete and may be changed. The registrant may not sell the securities described in this preliminary proxy statement/prospectus until the registration statement filed with the SEC is declared effective. This preliminary proxy statement/prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED APRIL 22, 2021
PROXY STATEMENT FOR
EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING OF
SOCIAL CAPITAL HEDOSOPHIA HOLDINGS CORP. V
(A CAYMAN ISLANDS EXEMPTED COMPANY)
PROSPECTUS FOR
765,003,581 SHARES OF COMMON STOCK AND 20,125,000 REDEEMABLE WARRANTS
OF
SOCIAL CAPITAL HEDOSOPHIA HOLDINGS CORP. V
(AFTER ITS DOMESTICATION AS A CORPORATION INCORPORATED IN THE STATE OF DELAWARE),
THE CONTINUING ENTITY FOLLOWING THE DOMESTICATION, WHICH WILL BE RENAMED “SOFI TECHNOLOGIES, INC.”
IN CONNECTION WITH THE BUSINESS COMBINATION DESCRIBED HEREIN
The board of directors of Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V, a Cayman Islands exempted company (“SCH” and, after the Domestication as described below, “SoFi Technologies”), has unanimously approved (i) the domestication of SCH as a Delaware corporation (the “Domestication”); (ii) the merger of Plutus Merger Sub Inc. (“Merger Sub”), a Delaware corporation and subsidiary of SCH, with and into Social Finance, Inc. (“SoFi”), a Delaware corporation (the “Merger”), with SoFi surviving the Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of SoFi Technologies, pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 7, 2021, as amended on March 16, 2021, by and among SCH, Merger Sub and SoFi, attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex A (the “Merger Agreement”), as more fully described elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus; and (iii) the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement and documents related thereto. In connection with the Business Combination, SCH will change its name to “SoFi Technologies, Inc.”
As a result of and upon the effective time of the Domestication, among other things, (i) each of the then issued and outstanding Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, of SCH (the “SCH Class A ordinary shares”), will convert automatically, on a one-for-one basis, into shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of SoFi Technologies (the “SoFi Technologies common stock”); (ii) each of the then issued and outstanding Class B ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, of SCH (the “SCH Class B ordinary shares”), will convert automatically, on a one-for-one basis, into shares of SoFi Technologies common stock; provided, however, that with respect to the SCH Class B ordinary shares held by SCH Sponsor V LLC, a Cayman Islands limited liability company and shareholder of SCH (the “Sponsor”), in connection with the Domestication, the Sponsor will instead receive upon the conversion of the SCH Class B ordinary shares held by it, a number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock equal to (x) the number of SCH Class B ordinary shares held by it as of immediately prior to the Domestication minus (y) after giving effect to the Domestication, the number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock underlying the Director RSU Award (as defined in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus) that were outstanding as of immediately prior to the Domestication; (iii) each of the then issued and outstanding redeemable warrants of SCH (the “SCH warrants”) will convert automatically, on a one-for-one basis, into redeemable warrants to acquire one share of SoFi Technologies common stock (the “SoFi Technologies warrants”); and (iv) each of the then issued and outstanding units of SCH that have not been previously separated into the underlying SCH Class A ordinary shares and underlying SCH warrants upon the request of the holder thereof (the “SCH units”), will be canceled and will entitle the holder thereof to one share of SoFi Technologies common stock and one-fourth of one SoFi Technologies warrant. Accordingly, this proxy statement/prospectus covers (i) 80,500,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock to be issued in the Domestication and (ii) 20,125,000 SoFi Technologies warrants to be issued in the Domestication.
At the effective time of the Merger, among other things, each outstanding share of SoFi common stock and preferred stock (other than shares of SoFi Series 1 Preferred Stock, which will be converted on a one-for-one basis into shares of SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock) as of immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger will be converted into SoFi Technologies common stock based on the exchange ratio applicable to such shares of SoFi common stock and preferred stock, as applicable, and shares of SoFi common stock reserved in respect of SoFi Awards (as defined below) outstanding as of immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger, will be converted into SoFi Technologies awards based on SoFi Technologies common stock, representing an aggregate of approximately 657,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common


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stock (subject to increase as provided in the Merger Agreement), or, as applicable, shares underlying awards based on SoFi Technologies common stock or warrants to purchase SoFi Technologies common stock (the “Aggregate Common Share Consideration”), representing a pre-transaction equity value of SoFi of approximately $6.6 billion (the “Aggregate Merger Consideration”).
In furtherance of the foregoing, at the effective time of the Merger, among other things, each share of SoFi capital stock outstanding as of immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger (other than (x) any shares of SoFi common stock subject to SoFi Awards, (y) any shares of SoFi capital stock held in treasury by SoFi, which treasury shares shall be canceled as part of the Merger, and (z) any shares of SoFi capital stock held by stockholders of SoFi who have perfected and not withdrawn a demand for appraisal rights pursuant to the applicable provisions of the DGCL), will be canceled and converted as follows:
each share of SoFi common stock (without giving effect to any conversion of any outstanding SoFi non-redeemable preferred stock into SoFi common stock) will be canceled and converted into the right to receive a number of SoFi Technologies shares of common stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (i) the Aggregate Common Share Consideration by (ii) the aggregate fully diluted number of shares of SoFi common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Merger as calculated pursuant to the Merger Agreement (as defined herein) (such quotient, the “Base Exchange Ratio”);
each share of SoFi Series A Preferred Stock, SoFi Series B Preferred Stock, SoFi Series C Preferred Stock, SoFi Series D Preferred Stock, SoFi Series E Preferred Stock and SoFi Series H-1 Preferred Stock will be canceled and converted into the right to receive a number of SoFi Technologies shares of common stock equal to the Base Exchange Ratio;
each share of SoFi Series F Preferred Stock will be canceled and converted into the right to receive a number of SoFi Technologies shares of common stock equal to the product of 1.1102 multiplied by the Base Exchange Ratio;
each share of SoFi Series G Preferred Stock will be canceled and converted into the right to receive a number of SoFi Technologies shares of common stock equal to the product of 1.2093 multiplied by the Base Exchange Ratio;
each share of SoFi Series H Preferred Stock will be canceled and converted into the right to receive a number of SoFi Technologies shares of common stock equal to the product of 1.0863 multiplied by the Base Exchange Ratio (except for shares of Series H Preferred Stock held by Anthony Noto, our Chief Executive Officer, which will be canceled and converted into the right to receive a number of SoFi Technologies common shares equal to the Base Exchange Ratio); and
each share of SoFi Series 1 Preferred Stock will be canceled and converted into the right to receive one fully paid and non-assessable share of SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock.
Holders of SoFi Series 1 Preferred Stock who receive shares of SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock at the effective time of the Merger will remain entitled to receive dividends accrued but unpaid as of the date of the Merger Agreement in respect of such shares of SoFi Series 1 Preferred Stock.
At the effective time of the Merger, each warrant to purchase shares of SoFi Series H Preferred Stock will no longer be exercisable for shares of SoFi Series H Preferred Stock but will instead become exercisable for a number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock and the exercise price thereof will be adjusted in accordance with the terms of the Amended and Restated Series H Preferred Stock Warrant Agreement.
With respect to SoFi Awards, all (i) options to purchase shares of SoFi common stock (“SoFi Options”), and (ii) restricted stock units based on shares of SoFi common stock (“SoFi RSUs”) outstanding as of immediately prior to the Merger (together, the “SoFi Awards”) will be converted into (a) options to purchase shares of SoFi Technologies common stock (“SoFi Technologies Options”), and (b) restricted stock units based on shares of SoFi Technologies common stock (“SoFi Technologies RSUs”), respectively. Additionally, warrants exercisable for shares of SoFi common stock will become exercisable for shares of SoFi Technologies common stock. Accordingly, this proxy statement/prospectus also relates to the potential issuance by SoFi Technologies of 28,664,502 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock upon the exercise of SoFi Technologies Options, 46,998,989 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock underlying SoFi Technologies RSUs and 12,384,696 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock issuable upon the exercise of SoFi warrants. See “BCA Proposal — The Merger Agreement — Consideration — Treatment of SoFi Options and Restricted Stock Unit Awards”.


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It is anticipated that, following the Business Combination and related transactions, (1) SCH public shareholders will own approximately 9.1% (or approximately 9.3% following settlement of the Director RSU Award and the Repurchase) of outstanding SoFi Technologies common stock, (2) SoFi Stockholders will own approximately 74.7% (or approximately 74.2% following settlement of the Director RSU Award and the Repurchase) of outstanding SoFi Technologies common stock, (3) the Sponsor and related parties (including the Sponsor Related PIPE Investors) will collectively own approximately 5.4% (or approximately 5.5% following settlement of the Director RSU Award and the Repurchase) of outstanding SoFi Technologies common stock, and (4) the Third Party PIPE Investors will own approximately 10.8% (or approximately 11.0% following settlement of the Director RSU Award and the Repurchase) of outstanding SoFi Technologies common stock. These percentages assume (i) that no SCH public shareholders exercise their redemption rights in connection with the Business Combination, (ii) the vesting and exercise of all SoFi Technologies Options for shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, (iii) the vesting of all SoFi Technologies RSU Awards and the issuance of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock in respect thereof, (iv) that SoFi Technologies issues shares of SoFi Technologies common stock as the Aggregate Merger Consideration pursuant to the Merger Agreement, which in the aggregate equal approximately 657,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock (subject to increase as set forth in the Merger Agreement and assuming that all SoFi Technologies Options are net-settled), and (v) that SoFi Technologies issues 122,500,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock to the PIPE Investors pursuant to the PIPE Investment. The PIPE Investors have agreed to purchase 122,500,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, at $10.00 per share, for approximately $1,225 million of gross proceeds. The Sponsor Related PIPE Investors have agreed to purchase 27,500,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, at $10.00 per share, for approximately $275 million of gross proceeds.
The SCH units, SCH Class A ordinary shares and SCH warrants are currently listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbols “IPOE”, “IPOE.U” and “IPOE.WS”, respectively. SCH will apply for listing, to be effective at the closing of the Business Combination, of SoFi Technologies common stock and SoFi Technologies warrants on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”) under the proposed symbols “SOFI” and “SOFIW”, respectively. It is a condition of the consummation of the Business Combination that SCH receives confirmation from the Nasdaq that the securities have been conditionally approved for listing on the Nasdaq, but there can be no assurance such listing conditions will be met or that SCH will obtain such confirmation from the Nasdaq. If such listing conditions are not met or if such confirmation is not obtained, the Business Combination will not be consummated unless the Nasdaq condition set forth in the Merger Agreement is waived by the applicable parties.
This proxy statement/prospectus provides shareholders of SCH with detailed information about the proposed Business Combination and other matters to be considered at the extraordinary general meeting of SCH. We encourage you to read this entire document, including the Annexes and other documents referred to herein, carefully and in their entirety. You should also carefully consider the risk factors described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 33 of this proxy statement/prospectus.
NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES REGULATORY AGENCY HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED THE TRANSACTIONS DESCRIBED IN THIS PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS, PASSED UPON THE MERITS OR FAIRNESS OF THE BUSINESS COMBINATION OR RELATED TRANSACTIONS OR PASSED UPON THE ADEQUACY OR ACCURACY OF THE DISCLOSURE IN THIS PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY CONSTITUTES A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
This proxy statement/prospectus is dated                             , 2021, and is first being mailed to SCH’s shareholders on or about                               , 2021.


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SOCIAL CAPITAL HEDOSOPHIA HOLDINGS CORP. V
A Cayman Islands Exempted Company
(Company Number 364202)
317 University Ave, Suite 200
Palo Alto, California 94301
Dear Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V Shareholders:
You are cordially invited to attend the extraordinary general meeting (the “extraordinary general meeting”) of Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V, a Cayman Islands exempted company (“SCH” and, after the Domestication, as described below, “SoFi Technologies”), at                              , Eastern Time, on                               , 2021, at the offices of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP located at 525 University Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94301, or virtually via live webcast at https://www.cstproxy.com/socialcapitalhedosophiaholdingsv/sm2021, or at such other time, on such other date and at such other place to which the meeting may be adjourned.
At the extraordinary general meeting, SCH shareholders will be asked to consider and vote upon a proposal to approve and adopt the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 7, 2021, as amended on March 16, 2021 (as it may be further amended, the “Merger Agreement”), by and among SCH, Merger Sub and SoFi, a copy of which is attached to the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus as Annex A. The Merger Agreement provides for, among other things, following the Domestication of SCH to Delaware as described below, the merger of Merger Sub with and into SoFi (the “Merger”), with SoFi surviving the Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of SoFi Technologies, in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Merger Agreement as more fully described elsewhere in the accompanying proxy statement/ prospectus (the “BCA Proposal”).
Regardless of how many shares you own, your vote is very important. Whether or not you plan to attend the extraordinary general meeting, please vote as soon as possible by following the instructions in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus to make sure that your shares are represented at the extraordinary general meeting.
As a condition to the consummation of the Merger, the board of directors of SCH has unanimously approved a change of SCH’s jurisdiction of incorporation by deregistering as an exempted company in the Cayman Islands and continuing and domesticating as a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “Domestication” and, together with the Merger, the “Business Combination”). As described in this proxy statement/prospectus, you will be asked to consider and vote upon a proposal to approve the Domestication (the “Domestication Proposal”). In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, SCH will change its name to “SoFi Technologies, Inc.”
As a result of and upon the effective time of the Domestication, among other things, (i) each of the then issued and outstanding Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, of SCH (the “SCH Class A ordinary shares”), will convert automatically, on a one-for-one basis, into shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of SoFi Technologies (the “SoFi Technologies common stock”); (ii) each of the then issued and outstanding Class B ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, of SCH (the “SCH Class B ordinary shares”), will convert automatically, on a one-for-one basis, into shares of SoFi Technologies common stock; provided, however, that with respect to the SCH Class B ordinary shares held by SCH Sponsor V LLC, a Cayman Islands limited liability company and shareholder of SCH (the “Sponsor”), in connection with the Domestication, the Sponsor will instead receive upon the conversion of the SCH Class B ordinary shares held by it, a number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock equal to (x) the number of SCH Class B ordinary shares held by it as of immediately prior to the Domestication minus (y) after giving effect to the Domestication, the number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock underlying the Director RSU Award (as defined in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus) that were outstanding as of immediately prior to the Domestication; (iii) each of the then issued and outstanding redeemable warrants of SCH (the “SCH warrants”) will convert automatically, on a one-for-one basis, into redeemable warrants to acquire one share of SoFi Technologies common stock (the “SoFi Technologies warrants”); and (iv) each of the then issued and outstanding units of SCH that have not been previously separated into the underlying SCH Class A ordinary shares and underlying SCH warrants upon the request of the holder thereof (the “SCH units”), will be canceled and will entitle the holder thereof to one share of SoFi Technologies common stock and one-fourth of one SoFi Technologies warrant. As used herein, “public shares” means the SCH Class A ordinary shares (including those that underlie the SCH units) that were registered pursuant to the Registration Statements on Form S-1 (333-248915 and 333-249396) and the shares of SoFi Technologies common stock issued as a matter of law upon the conversion thereof on the effective date of the Domestication. For further details, see “Domestication Proposal”.


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You will also be asked to consider and vote upon (1) three separate proposals to approve material differences between SCH’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association (as may be amended from time to time, the “Cayman Constitutional Documents”) and the proposed certificate of incorporation and bylaws of SoFi Technologies (collectively, the “Organizational Documents Proposals”), (2) a proposal to elect 12 directors who, upon consummation of the Business Combination, will be the directors of SoFi Technologies (the “Director Election Proposal”), (3) a proposal to approve for purposes of complying with the applicable provisions of NYSE Listing Rule 312.03, the issuance of SoFi Technologies common stock to (a) the PIPE Investors, including the Sponsor Related PIPE Investors, pursuant to the PIPE Investment and (b) the SoFi Stockholders pursuant to the Merger Agreement (the “Stock Issuance Proposal”), (4) a proposal to approve and adopt the 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan Proposal”), (5) a proposal to approve SoFi Technologies’ entry into a share repurchase agreement (the “Share Repurchase Agreement”) with SoftBank Group Capital Limited (“SoftBank”) and the repurchase (the “Repurchase”) contemplated thereby by SoFi Technologies of $150 million of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock owned by certain investors affiliated with SoftBank at a price per share equal to $10.00 immediately following the Closing (the “Repurchase Proposal”) and (6) a proposal to approve the adjournment of the extraordinary general meeting to a later date or dates, if necessary, to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies in the event that there are insufficient votes for the approval of one or more proposals at the extraordinary general meeting (the “Adjournment Proposal”). The Business Combination will be consummated only if the BCA Proposal, the Domestication Proposal, the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Director Election Proposal, the Stock Issuance Proposal, the Incentive Plan Proposal and the Repurchase Proposal (collectively, the “Condition Precedent Proposals”) are approved at the extraordinary general meeting. Each of the Condition Precedent Proposals is cross-conditioned on the approval of each other. The Adjournment Proposal is not conditioned upon the approval of any other proposal. Each of these proposals is more fully described in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus, which each shareholder is encouraged to read carefully and in its entirety.
At the effective time of the Merger, among other things, each outstanding share of SoFi common stock and preferred stock (other than shares of SoFi Series 1 Preferred Stock, which will be converted on a one-for-one basis into shares of SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock) as of immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger will be converted into SoFi Technologies common stock based on the exchange ratio applicable to such shares of SoFi common stock and preferred stock, as applicable, and shares of SoFi common stock reserved in respect of SoFi Awards outstanding as of immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger, will be converted into SoFi Technologies awards based on SoFi Technologies common stock, representing an aggregate of approximately 657,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock (subject to increase as provided in the Merger Agreement), or, as applicable, shares underlying awards based on SoFi Technologies common stock or warrants to purchase SoFi Technologies common stock (the “Aggregate Common Share Consideration”), representing a pre-transaction equity value of SoFi of approximately $6.6 billion (the “Aggregate Merger Consideration”).
In furtherance of the foregoing, at the effective time of the Merger, among other things, each share of SoFi capital stock outstanding as of immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger (other than (x) any shares of SoFi common stock subject to SoFi Awards, (y) any shares of SoFi capital stock held in treasury by SoFi, which treasury shares shall be canceled as part of the Merger, and (z) any shares of SoFi capital stock held by stockholders of SoFi who have perfected and not withdrawn a demand for appraisal rights pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Delaware General Corporations Law), will be canceled and converted as follows:
each share of SoFi common stock (without giving effect to any conversion of any outstanding SoFi non-redeemable preferred stock into SoFi common stock) will be canceled and converted into the right to receive a number of SoFi Technologies shares of common stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (i) the Aggregate Common Share Consideration by (ii) the aggregate fully diluted number of shares of SoFi common stock (such quotient, the “Base Exchange Ratio”);
each share of SoFi Series A Preferred Stock, SoFi Series B Preferred Stock, SoFi Series C Preferred Stock, SoFi Series D Preferred Stock, SoFi Series E Preferred Stock and SoFi Series H-1 Preferred Stock will be canceled and converted into the right to receive a number of SoFi Technologies shares of common stock equal to the Base Exchange Ratio;
each share of SoFi Series F Preferred Stock will be canceled and converted into the right to receive a number of SoFi Technologies shares of common stock equal to the product of 1.1102 multiplied by the Base Exchange Ratio;
each share of SoFi Series G Preferred Stock will be canceled and converted into the right to receive a number of SoFi Technologies shares of common stock equal to the product of 1.2093 multiplied by the Base Exchange Ratio;


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each share of SoFi Series H Preferred Stock will be canceled and converted into the right to receive a number of SoFi Technologies shares of common stock equal to the product of 1.0863 multiplied by the Base Exchange Ratio (except for shares of Series H Preferred Stock held by Anthony Noto, our Chief Executive Officer, which will be canceled and converted into the right to receive a number of SoFi Technologies common shares equal to the Base Exchange Ratio); and
each share of SoFi Series 1 Preferred Stock will be canceled and converted into the right to receive one fully paid and non-assessable share of Series 1 Redeemable Preferred Stock of SoFi Technologies.
Holders of SoFi redeemable preferred stock who receive shares of SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock at the effective time of the Merger will remain entitled to receive dividends accrued but unpaid as of the date of the Merger Agreement in respect of shares of SoFi redeemable preferred stock.
At the effective time of the Merger, each warrant to purchase shares of SoFi Series H Preferred Stock will no longer be exercisable for shares of SoFi Series H Preferred Stock but will instead become exercisable for a number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock and the exercise price thereof will be adjusted in accordance with the terms of the Series H Preferred Stock Warrant Amendments.
With respect to SoFi Awards, all (i)  SoFi Awards will be converted into (a)  SoFi Technologies Options, and (b)  SoFi Technologies RSUs, as applicable. Additionally, warrants exercisable for shares of SoFi common stock will become exercisable for shares of SoFi Technologies common stock. Accordingly, this proxy statement/prospectus also relates to the potential issuance by SoFi Technologies of 28,664,502 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock upon the exercise of SoFi Technologies Options, 46,998,989 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock underlying SoFi Technologies RSUs and 12,384,696 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock issuable upon the exercise of SoFi warrants. See “BCA Proposal — Consideration — Treatment of SoFi Options, Restricted Stock Awards and Restricted Stock Units”.
In connection with the Business Combination, certain related agreements have been, or will be entered into on or prior to the date of the Closing of the Business Combination (the “Closing Date”), including (i) the Sponsor Support Agreement, (ii) the SoFi Holders Support Agreement, (iii) the Shareholders’ Agreement, (iv) the Series 1 Agreement, (v) the Registration Rights Agreement, (vi) the Series 1 Registration Rights Agreement, (vii) Lock-up Agreements and (viii) the PIPE Subscription Agreements. For additional information, see “BCA Proposal — Related Agreements” in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus.
Pursuant to the Cayman Constitutional Documents, a holder (a “public shareholder”) of public shares, which excludes shares held by the Sponsor, may request that SCH redeem all or a portion of such shareholder’s public shares for cash if the Business Combination is consummated. Holders of units must elect to separate the units into the underlying public shares and warrants prior to exercising redemption rights with respect to the public shares. If holders hold their units in an account at a brokerage firm or bank, holders must notify their broker or bank that they elect to separate the units into the underlying public shares and warrants, or if a holder holds units registered in its own name, the holder must contact the transfer agent directly and instruct it to do so. Public shareholders may elect to redeem their public shares even if they vote “for” the BCA Proposal or any other Condition Precedent Proposal. If the Business Combination is not consummated, the public shares will be returned to the respective holder, broker or bank. If the Business Combination is consummated, and if a public shareholder properly exercises its right to redeem all or a portion of the public shares that it holds and timely delivers its shares to Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, SCH’s transfer agent, SoFi Technologies will redeem such public shares for a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the pro rata portion of the trust account established at the consummation of our initial public offering (the “trust account”), calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of the Business Combination. For illustrative purposes, as of December 31, 2020, this would have amounted to approximately $10.00 per issued and outstanding public share. If a public shareholder exercises its redemption rights in full, then it will be electing to exchange its public shares for cash and will no longer own public shares. The redemption takes place following the Domestication and, accordingly, it is shares of SoFi Technologies common stock that will be redeemed immediately after consummation of the Business Combination. See “Extraordinary General Meeting of SCH — Redemption Rights” in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus for a detailed description of the procedures to be followed if you wish to redeem your public shares for cash.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a public shareholder, together with any affiliate of such public shareholder or any other person with whom such public shareholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”)), will be restricted from redeeming its public shares with respect to more than an aggregate of 15% of the public shares. Accordingly, if a public shareholder, alone or acting in concert or as a group,


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seeks to redeem more than 15% of the public shares, then any such shares in excess of that 15% limit would not be redeemed for cash.
The Sponsor and each director and officer of SCH have agreed to, among other things, vote in favor of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, and to waive their redemption rights in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination with respect to any SCH ordinary shares held by them, in each case, subject to the terms and conditions contemplated by the Sponsor Support Agreement, dated as of January 7, 2021, as amended on March 16, 2021, a copy of which is attached as Annex C to this proxy statement/ prospectus (the “Sponsor Support Agreement”). The SCH ordinary shares held by the Sponsor will be excluded from the pro rata calculation used to determine the per-share redemption price. As of the date of the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor (including SCH’s independent directors) owns 20.0% of the issued and outstanding SCH ordinary shares.
The Merger Agreement provides that the obligations of SoFi to consummate the Merger are conditioned on, among other things, that as of the Closing, the amount of cash available in the trust account, after deducting the amount required to satisfy SCH’s obligations to its shareholders (if any) that exercise their rights to redeem their public shares pursuant to the Cayman Constitutional Documents (but prior to the payment of any (i) deferred underwriting commissions being held in the trust account and (ii) transaction expenses of SoFi or SCH) (such amount, the “Trust Amount”) plus the PIPE Investment Amount (as defined herein) actually received by SCH at or prior to the Closing Date (as defined herein), is at least equal to $900 million (the “Minimum Available Cash Amount”) (such condition, the “Minimum Cash Condition”). This condition is for the sole benefit of SoFi. If such condition is not met, and such condition is not waived under the terms of the Merger Agreement, then the Merger Agreement could terminate and the proposed Business Combination may not be consummated. In addition, pursuant to the Cayman Constitutional Documents, in no event will SCH redeem public shares in an amount that would cause SoFi Technologies’ net tangible assets (as determined in accordance with Rule 3a51-1(g)(1) of the Exchange Act) to be less than $5,000,001.
The Merger Agreement is also subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain other closing conditions as described in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus (including the approval of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, by the affirmative vote or written consent of the holders of at least a majority of the voting power of the outstanding SoFi Capital Stock voting as a single class and on an as-converted basis. There can be no assurance that the parties to the Merger Agreement would waive any such condition, to the extent waivable.
SCH is providing the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus and accompanying proxy card to SCH’s shareholders in connection with the solicitation of proxies to be voted at the extraordinary general meeting and at any adjournments of the extraordinary general meeting. Information about the extraordinary general meeting, the Business Combination and other related business to be considered by SCH’s shareholders at the extraordinary general meeting is included in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus. Whether or not you plan to attend the extraordinary general meeting, all of SCH’s shareholders are urged to read the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus, including the Annexes and other documents referred to therein, carefully and in their entirety. You should also carefully consider the risk factors described in “Risk Factors beginning on page 33 of this proxy statement/prospectus.
After careful consideration, the board of directors of SCH has unanimously approved the Business Combination and unanimously recommends that shareholders vote “FOR” adoption of the Merger Agreement, and approval of the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Business Combination, and “FOR” all other proposals presented to SCH’s shareholders in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus. When you consider the recommendation of these proposals by the board of directors of SCH, you should keep in mind that SCH’s directors and officers have interests in the Business Combination that may conflict with your interests as a shareholder. See the section entitled “BCA Proposal — Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination” in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus for a further discussion of these considerations.
The approval of each of the Domestication Proposal and Organizational Documents Proposals requires the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting. The BCA Proposal, the Director Election Proposal, the Stock Issuance Proposal, the Incentive Plan Proposal, the Repurchase Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal require the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting.
Regardless of how many shares you own, your vote is very important.   Whether or not you plan to attend the extraordinary general meeting, please vote as soon as possible by following the instructions in the accompanying proxy


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statement/prospectus to make sure that your shares are represented at the extraordinary general meeting. If you hold your shares in “street name” through a bank, broker or other nominee, you will need to follow the instructions provided to you by your bank, broker or other nominee to ensure that your shares are represented and voted at the extraordinary general meeting. The transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement will be consummated only if the Condition Precedent Proposals are approved at the extraordinary general meeting. Each of the Condition Precedent Proposals is cross-conditioned on the approval of each other. The Adjournment Proposal is not conditioned upon the approval of any other proposal set forth in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus.
If you sign, date and return your proxy card without indicating how you wish to vote, your proxy will be voted FOR each of the proposals presented at the extraordinary general meeting. If you fail to return your proxy card or fail to instruct your bank, broker or other nominee how to vote, and do not attend the extraordinary general meeting in person, the effect will be, among other things, that your shares will not be counted for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present at the extraordinary general meeting and will not be voted. An abstention will be counted towards the quorum requirement but will not count as a vote cast at the extraordinary general meeting. A broker non-vote will not be counted towards the quorum requirement, as we believe all proposals presented to the shareholders will be considered non-discretionary, or count as a vote cast at the extraordinary general meeting. If you are a shareholder of record and you attend the extraordinary general meeting and wish to vote in person, you may withdraw your proxy and vote in person.
TO EXERCISE YOUR REDEMPTION RIGHTS, YOU MUST DEMAND IN WRITING THAT YOUR PUBLIC SHARES ARE REDEEMED FOR A PRO RATA PORTION OF THE FUNDS HELD IN THE TRUST ACCOUNT AND TENDER YOUR SHARE CERTIFICATES (IF ANY) AND ANY OTHER REDEMPTION FORMS TO SCH’S TRANSFER AGENT AT LEAST TWO BUSINESS DAYS PRIOR TO THE VOTE AT THE GENERAL MEETING. YOU MAY TENDER YOUR SHARE CERTIFICATES (IF ANY) AND ANY OTHER REDEMPTION FORMS BY EITHER DELIVERING YOUR SHARE CERTIFICATES (IF ANY) AND ANY OTHER REDEMPTION FORMS TO THE TRANSFER AGENT OR BY DELIVERING YOUR SHARES ELECTRONICALLY USING THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY’S DWAC (DEPOSIT WITHDRAWAL AT CUSTODIAN) SYSTEM. IF THE BUSINESS COMBINATION IS NOT COMPLETED, THEN THESE SHARES WILL BE RETURNED TO YOU OR YOUR ACCOUNT. IF YOU HOLD THE SHARES IN STREET NAME, YOU WILL NEED TO INSTRUCT THE ACCOUNT EXECUTIVE AT YOUR BANK OR BROKER TO WITHDRAW THE SHARES FROM YOUR ACCOUNT IN ORDER TO EXERCISE YOUR REDEMPTION RIGHTS.
On behalf of SCH’s board of directors, I would like to thank you for your support and look forward to the successful completion of the Business Combination.
Sincerely,
Chamath Palihapitiya
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the
Board of Directors
NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES REGULATORY AGENCY HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED THE TRANSACTIONS DESCRIBED IN THE ACCOMPANYING PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS, PASSED UPON THE MERITS OR FAIRNESS OF THE BUSINESS COMBINATION OR RELATED TRANSACTIONS OR PASSED UPON THE ADEQUACY OR ACCURACY OF THE DISCLOSURE IN THE ACCOMPANYING PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY CONSTITUTES A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
The accompanying proxy statement/prospectus is dated                              , 2021 and is first being mailed to shareholders on or about                               , 2021.


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SOCIAL CAPITAL HEDOSOPHIA HOLDINGS CORP. V
A Cayman Islands Exempted Company
(Company Number 364202)
317 University Ave, Suite 200
Palo Alto, California 94301
NOTICE OF EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING
TO BE HELD ON                               , 2021
TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL HEDOSOPHIA HOLDINGS CORP. V:
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that an extraordinary general meeting (the “extraordinary general meeting”) of Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V, a Cayman Islands exempted company, company number 364202 (“SCH”), will be held at                              , Eastern Time, on                               , 2021, at the offices of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP located at 525 University Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94301, or virtually via live webcast at https://www.cstproxy.com/socialcapitalhedosophiaholdingsv/sm2021. You are cordially invited to attend the extraordinary general meeting, which will be held for the following purposes:
Proposal No. 1 — The BCA Proposal — to consider and vote upon a proposal to approve by ordinary resolution and adopt the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 7, 2021, as amended on March 16, 2021 (as it may be further amended, the “Merger Agreement”), by and among SCH, Merger Sub and SoFi, a copy of which is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus statement as Annex A. The Merger Agreement provides for, among other things, the merger of Merger Sub with and into SoFi (the “Merger”), with SoFi surviving the Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of SoFi Technologies, in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Merger Agreement as more fully described elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus (the “BCA Proposal”);
Proposal No. 2 — The Domestication Proposal — to consider and vote upon a proposal to approve by special resolution, the change of SCH’s jurisdiction of incorporation by deregistering as an exempted company in the Cayman Islands and continuing and domesticating as a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “Domestication” and, together with the Merger, the “Business Combination”) (the “Domestication Proposal”);
Organizational Documents Proposals — to consider and vote upon the following three separate proposals (collectively, the “Organizational Documents Proposals”) to approve by special resolution, the following material differences between SCH’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association (as may be amended from time to time, the “Cayman Constitutional Documents”) and the proposed new certificate of incorporation (“Proposed Certificate of Incorporation”) and the proposed new bylaws (“Proposed Bylaws”) of Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V (a corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware, and the filing with and acceptance by the Secretary of State of Delaware of the certificate of domestication in accordance with Section 388 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”)), which will be renamed “SoFi Technologies, Inc.” in connection with the Business Combination (SCH after the Domestication, including after such change of name, is referred to herein as “SoFi Technologies”):
(A)Proposal No. 3 — Organizational Documents Proposal A — to authorize the change in the authorized capital stock of SCH from 500,000,000 Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share (the “SCH Class A ordinary shares”), 50,000,000 Class B ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class B ordinary shares” and, together with the Class A ordinary shares, the “ordinary shares”), and 5,000,000 preferred shares, par value $0.0001 per share (the “SCH preferred shares”), to 3,000,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of SoFi Technologies (the “SoFi Technologies common stock”), 100,000,000 shares of non-voting common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of SoFi Technologies, 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of SoFi Technologies (the “SoFi Technologies preferred stock”) and 100,000,000 shares of redeemable preferred stock, par value $0.0000025 per share, of SoFi Technologies (“Organizational Documents Proposal A”);
(B)Proposal No. 4 — Organizational Documents Proposal B — to authorize the board of directors of SoFi Technologies to issue any or all shares of SoFi Technologies preferred stock in one or more classes or series, with such terms and conditions as may be expressly determined by SoFi Technologies’ board of directors and as may be permitted by the DGCL (“Organizational Documents Proposal B”);


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and
(C)Proposal No. 5 — Organizational Documents Proposal C — to authorize all other changes in connection with the replacement of Cayman Constitutional Documents with the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation and Proposed Bylaws in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination (copies of which are attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex K and Annex L, respectively), including (1) changing the corporate name from “Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V” to “SoFi Technologies, Inc.”, (2) making SoFi Technologies’ corporate existence perpetual, (3) adopting Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation and the United States Federal District Courts as the exclusive forum for litigation arising out of the Securities Act (4) being subject to the provisions of Section 203 of DGCL and (5) removing certain provisions related to SCH’s status as a blank check company that will no longer be applicable upon consummation of the Business Combination, all of which SCH’s board of directors believes is necessary to adequately address the needs of SoFi Technologies after the Business Combination (“Organizational Documents Proposal C”);
Proposal No. 6 — The Director Election Proposal — to consider and vote upon a proposal, assuming the BCA Proposal, the Domestication Proposal and the Organizational Documents Proposals are approved, to elect 12 directors who, upon consummation of the Business Combination, will be the directors of SoFi Technologies (the “Director Election Proposal”);
Proposal No. 7 — The Stock Issuance Proposal — to consider and vote upon a proposal to approve by ordinary resolution for purposes of complying with the applicable provisions of NYSE Listing Rule 312.03, the issuance of SoFi Technologies common stock to (a) the PIPE Investors, including the Sponsor Related PIPE Investors, pursuant to the PIPE Investment and (b) the SoFi Stockholders pursuant to the Merger Agreement (the “Stock Issuance Proposal”);
Proposal No. 8 — The Incentive Plan Proposal — to consider and vote upon a proposal to approve by ordinary resolution, the 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan” and “Incentive Plan Proposal”, respectively);
Proposal No. 9 — The Repurchase Proposal — to consider and vote upon a proposal to approve by ordinary resolution, SoFi Technologies’ entry into a share repurchase agreement (the “Share Repurchase Agreement”) with SoftBank Group Capital Limited (“SoftBank”) and the repurchase (the “Repurchase”) contemplated thereby by SoFi Technologies of $150 million of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock owned by certain investors affiliated with SoftBank at a price per share equal to $10.00 immediately following the Closing (the “Repurchase Proposal”); and
Proposal No. 10 — The Adjournment Proposal — to consider and vote upon a proposal to approve the adjournment of the extraordinary general meeting to a later date or dates, if necessary, to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies in the event that there are insufficient votes for the approval of one or more proposals at the extraordinary general meeting (the “Adjournment Proposal”).
Each of Proposals No. 1 through 9 is cross-conditioned on the approval of each other. The Adjournment Proposal is not conditioned upon the approval of any other proposal set forth in this proxy statement/prospectus.
These items of business are described in this proxy statement/prospectus, which we encourage you to read carefully and in its entirety before voting.
Only holders of record of ordinary shares at the close of business on April 5, 2021 are entitled to notice of and to vote and have their votes counted at the extraordinary general meeting and any adjournment of the extraordinary general meeting.
This proxy statement/prospectus and accompanying proxy card is being provided to SCH’s shareholders in connection with the solicitation of proxies to be voted at the extraordinary general meeting and at any adjournment of the extraordinary general meeting. Whether or not you plan to attend the extraordinary general meeting, all of SCH’s shareholders are urged to read this proxy statement/prospectus, including the Annexes and the documents referred to herein, carefully and in their entirety. You should also carefully consider the risk factors described in “Risk Factors” beginning on page 33 of this proxy statement/prospectus.
After careful consideration, the board of directors of SCH has unanimously approved the Business Combination and unanimously recommends that shareholders vote “FOR” adoption of the Merger Agreement, and approval of the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Business Combination, and “FOR” all other proposals presented to SCH’s shareholders in this proxy statement/prospectus. When you consider the recommendation of these proposals by


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the board of directors of SCH, you should keep in mind that SCH’s directors and officers have interests in the Business Combination that may conflict with your interests as a shareholder. See the section entitled “BCA Proposal — Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination” in this proxy statement/prospectus for a further discussion of these considerations.
Pursuant to the Cayman Constitutional Documents, a holder of public shares (a “public shareholder”) may request of SCH that SoFi Technologies redeem all or a portion of its public shares for cash if the Business Combination is consummated. As a holder of public shares, you will be entitled to receive cash for any public shares to be redeemed only if you:
(i)(a) hold public shares, or (b) if you hold public shares through units, you elect to separate your units into the underlying public shares and public warrants prior to exercising your redemption rights with respect to the public shares;
(ii)submit a written request to Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (“Continental”), SCH’s transfer agent, that SoFi Technologies redeem all or a portion of your public shares for cash; and
(iii)deliver your share certificates (if any) and any other redemption forms to Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, physically or electronically through The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”).
Holders must complete the procedures for electing to redeem their public shares in the manner described above prior to 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on                              , 2021 (two business days before the extraordinary general meeting) in order for their shares to be redeemed.
Holders of units must elect to separate the units into the underlying public shares and warrants prior to exercising redemption rights with respect to the public shares. If holders hold their units in an account at a brokerage firm or bank, holders must notify their broker or bank that they elect to separate the units into the underlying public shares and warrants, or if a holder holds units registered in its own name, the holder must contact Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, directly and instruct them to do so. Public shareholders may elect to redeem public shares regardless of if or how they vote in respect of the BCA Proposal. If the Business Combination is not consummated, the public shares will be returned to the respective holder, broker or bank.
If the Business Combination is consummated, and if a public shareholder properly exercises its right to redeem all or a portion of the public shares that it holds and timely delivers its shares to Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, SoFi Technologies will redeem such public shares for a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the pro rata portion of the trust account established at the consummation of our initial public offering (the “trust account”), calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of the Business Combination. For illustrative purposes, as of December 31, 2020, this would have amounted to approximately $10.00 per issued and outstanding public share. If a public shareholder exercises its redemption rights in full, then it will be electing to exchange its public shares for cash and will no longer own public shares. The redemption takes place following the Domestication and, accordingly, it is shares of SoFi Technologies common stock that will be redeemed promptly after consummation of the Business Combination. See “Extraordinary General Meeting of SCH — Redemption Rights” in this proxy statement/ prospectus for a detailed description of the procedures to be followed if you wish to redeem your public shares for cash.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a public shareholder, together with any affiliate of such public shareholder or any other person with whom such public shareholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”)), will be restricted from redeeming its public shares with respect to more than an aggregate of 15% of the public shares. Accordingly, if a public shareholder, alone or acting in concert or as a group, seeks to redeem more than 15% of the public shares, then any such shares in excess of that 15% limit would not be redeemed for cash.
SCH Sponsor V LLC, a Cayman Islands limited liability company and shareholder of SCH (the “Sponsor”), and each director and officer of SCH have agreed to, among other things, vote in favor of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, and to waive their redemption rights in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination with respect to any SCH ordinary shares held by them, in each case, subject to the terms and conditions contemplated by the Sponsor Support Agreement, dated as of January 7, 2021, as amended on March 16, 2021, a copy of which is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus statement as Annex C (the “Sponsor Support Agreement”). The SCH ordinary shares held by the Sponsor will be excluded from the pro rata calculation used to determine the per-share redemption price. As of the date of the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor (including SCH’s independent directors) owns 20.0% of the issued and outstanding SCH ordinary shares.


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The Merger Agreement provides that the obligations of SoFi to consummate the Merger are conditioned on, among other things, that as of the Closing, the amount of cash available in the trust account, after deducting the amount required to satisfy SCH’s obligations to its shareholders (if any) that exercise their rights to redeem their public shares pursuant to the Cayman Constitutional Documents (but prior to the payment of any (i) deferred underwriting commissions being held in the trust account and (ii) transaction expenses of SoFi or SCH) (such amount, the “Trust Amount”) plus the PIPE Investment Amount (as defined herein) actually received by SCH at or prior to the Closing Date (as defined herein), is at least equal to $900 million (the “Minimum Available Cash Amount”) (such condition, the “Minimum Cash Condition”). This condition is for the sole benefit of SoFi. If such condition is not met, and such condition is not waived under the terms of the Merger Agreement, then the Merger Agreement could terminate and the proposed Business Combination may not be consummated. In addition, pursuant to the Cayman Constitutional Documents, in no event will SCH redeem public shares in an amount that would cause SoFi Technologies’ net tangible assets (as determined in accordance with Rule 3a51-1(g)(1) of the Exchange Act) to be less than $5,000,001.
The Merger Agreement is also subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain other closing conditions as described in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus. There can be no assurance that the parties to the Merger Agreement would waive any condition, to the extent waivable.
The approval of each of the Domestication Proposal and Organizational Documents Proposals requires the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting. The BCA Proposal, the Director Election Proposal, the Stock Issuance Proposal, the Incentive Plan Proposal, the Repurchase Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal require the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting.
Regardless of how many shares you own, your vote is very important.   Whether or not you plan to attend the extraordinary general meeting, please vote as soon as possible by following the instructions in this proxy statement/prospectus to make sure that your shares are represented at the extraordinary general meeting. If you hold your shares in “street name” through a bank, broker or other nominee, you will need to follow the instructions provided to you by your bank, broker or other nominee to ensure that your shares are represented and voted at the extraordinary general meeting. The transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement will be consummated only if the Condition Precedent Proposals are approved at the extraordinary general meeting. Each of the Condition Precedent Proposals is cross-conditioned on the approval of each other. The Adjournment Proposal is not conditioned upon the approval of any other proposal set forth in this proxy statement/prospectus.
If you sign, date and return your proxy card without indicating how you wish to vote, your proxy will be voted FOR each of the proposals presented at the extraordinary general meeting. If you fail to return your proxy card or fail to instruct your bank, broker or other nominee how to vote, and do not attend the extraordinary general meeting in person, the effect will be, among other things, that your shares will not be counted for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present at the extraordinary general meeting and will not be voted. An abstention will be counted towards the quorum requirement but will not count as a vote cast at the extraordinary general meeting. A broker non-vote will not be counted towards the quorum requirement, as we believe all proposals presented to the shareholders will be considered non-discretionary, or count as a vote cast at the extraordinary general meeting. If you are a shareholder of record and you attend the extraordinary general meeting and wish to vote in person, you may withdraw your proxy and vote in person.
Your attention is directed to the remainder of the proxy statement/prospectus following this notice (including the Annexes and other documents referred to herein) for a more complete description of the proposed Business Combination and related transactions and each of the proposals. You are encouraged to read this proxy statement/prospectus carefully and in its entirety, including the Annexes and other documents referred to herein. If you have any questions or need assistance voting your ordinary shares, please contact Morrow Sodali LLC (“Morrow Sodali”), our proxy solicitor, by calling (800) 662-5200 or banks and brokers can call collect at (203) 658-9400, or by emailing IPOE.info@investor.morrowsodali.com.
Thank you for your participation. We look forward to your continued support.


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By Order of the Board of Directors of Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V,
                              , 2021
Chamath Palihapitiya
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors
TO EXERCISE YOUR REDEMPTION RIGHTS, YOU MUST DEMAND IN WRITING THAT YOUR PUBLIC SHARES ARE REDEEMED FOR A PRO RATA PORTION OF THE FUNDS HELD IN THE TRUST ACCOUNT AND TENDER YOUR SHARE CERTIFICATES (IF ANY) AND ANY OTHER REDEMPTION FORMS TO SCH’S TRANSFER AGENT AT LEAST TWO BUSINESS DAYS PRIOR TO THE VOTE AT THE EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING. YOU MAY TENDER YOUR SHARE CERTIFICATES (IF ANY) AND ANY OTHER REDEMPTION FORMS BY EITHER DELIVERING YOUR SHARE CERTIFICATES (IF ANY) AND ANY OTHER REDEMPTION FORMS TO THE TRANSFER AGENT OR BY DELIVERING YOUR SHARES ELECTRONICALLY USING THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY’S DWAC (DEPOSIT WITHDRAWAL AT CUSTODIAN) SYSTEM. IF THE BUSINESS COMBINATION IS NOT CONSUMMATED, THEN THESE SHARES WILL BE RETURNED TO YOU OR YOUR ACCOUNT. IF YOU HOLD THE SHARES IN STREET NAME, YOU WILL NEED TO INSTRUCT THE ACCOUNT EXECUTIVE AT YOUR BANK OR BROKER TO WITHDRAW THE SHARES FROM YOUR ACCOUNT IN ORDER TO EXERCISE YOUR REDEMPTION RIGHTS.


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REFERENCES TO ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
This proxy statement/prospectus incorporates important business and financial information that is not included in or delivered with this proxy statement/prospectus. This information is available for you to review through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
You may request copies of this proxy statement/prospectus and any of the documents incorporated by reference into this proxy statement/prospectus or other publicly available information concerning SCH, without charge, by written request to Secretary at Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V, 317 University Ave, Suite 200, Palo Alto, California 94301, or by telephone request at (650) 521-9007; or Morrow Sodali LLC, SCH’s proxy solicitor, by calling (800) 662-5200 or banks and brokers can call collect at (203) 658-9400, or by emailing IPOE.info@investor.morrowsodali.com, or from the SEC through the SEC website at the address provided above.
In order for SCH’s shareholders to receive timely delivery of the documents in advance of the extraordinary general meeting of SCH to be held on                               , 2021, you must request the information no later than                               , 2021, five business days prior to the date of the extraordinary general meeting.
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TRADEMARKS
This document contains references to trademarks and service marks belonging to other entities. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to in this proxy statement/prospectus may appear without the ® or ™ symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that the applicable licensor will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, its rights to these trademarks and trade names. SCH does not intend its use or display of other companies’ trade names, trademarks or service marks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of it by, any other companies.
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SELECTED DEFINITIONS
Unless otherwise stated in this proxy statement/prospectus or the context otherwise requires, references to:
“2011 Plan” are to Social Finance, Inc. 2011 Stock Plan;
“2021 Incentive Plan” or “2021 Plan” are to the 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan for SoFi Technologies, Inc. attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex I;
“Aggregate Fully Diluted Company Common Shares” are to the number of shares of SoFi common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Merger Agreement
‘‘Amended and Restated Series H Preferred Stock Warrant Agreement’’ are to the Amended and Restated Series H Preferred Stock Warrant Agreements, to be entered into at Closing between SoFi Technologies, Inc. and each holder of Series H Warrants;
“Apex” are to Apex Clearing Holdings, LLC, a provider of investment custody and clearing services in which we hold a minority stake;
“ASC” are to Accounting Standards Codification;
“Available Cash” are to the amount calculated by adding the Trust Amount and the PIPE Investment Amount;
“Base Exchange Ratio” are to the quotient obtained by dividing (i) the Aggregate Common Share Consideration by (ii) the aggregate fully diluted number of shares of SoFi common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Merger as calculated pursuant to the Merger Agreement;
“Black-Scholes Model” are to the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model;
“Business Combination” are to the Domestication together with the Merger;
“CARES Act” are to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act;
“Cayman Constitutional Documents” are to SCH’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, as amended from time to time;
“Cayman Islands Companies Act” are to the Cayman Islands Companies Act (2020 Revision);
“Closing” are to the closing of the Business Combination;
“Company”, “we”, “us” and “our” are to SCH prior to its domestication as a corporation in the State of Delaware and to SoFi Technologies after its domestication as a corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware, including after its change of name to SoFi Technologies, Inc.;
“Condition Precedent Approvals” are to approval at the extraordinary general meeting of the Condition Precedent Proposals;
“Condition Precedent Proposals” are to the BCA Proposal, the Domestication Proposal, the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Director Election Proposal, the Stock Issuance Proposal, the Repurchase Proposal and the Incentive Plan Proposal, collectively;
“Continental” are to Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company;
“COVID-19” are to the novel coronavirus pandemic;
“DGCL” are to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware;
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“Domestication” are to the domestication of Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V as a corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware;
“Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;
“Federal Reserve” are to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System;
“Financial Services Productivity Loop” are to a virtuous cycle generated by our integrated financial services platform whereby positive member experiences lead to more products per member and enhanced profitability for each additional product by lowering overall member acquisition costs;
“FINRA" are to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.;
“FNMA” are to the Federal National Mortgage Association;
“founder shares” are to the SCH Class B ordinary shares purchased by the Sponsor in a private placement prior to the initial public offering, and the SCH Class A ordinary shares that will be issued upon the conversion thereof;
“GAAP” are to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America;
“Galileo” are to Galileo Financial Technologies, Inc., a provider of technology platform services to financial and non-financial institutions and a wholly-owned subsidiary of SoFi;
“HSR Act” are to the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended;
“initial public offering” are to SCH’s initial public offering that was consummated on October 14, 2020;
“IPO registration statement” are to the Registration Statements on Form S-1 (333-248915 and 333-249396) filed by SCH in connection with its initial public offering, which became effective on October 8, 2020;
“IRS” are to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service;
“JOBS Act” are to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012;
“LIBOR” are to the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate;
“Management Awards” are to equity awards under the 2021 Plan in the form of restricted stock units expected to be granted to certain employees of SoFi Technologies within 90 days following the Closing;
“Member” is defined as someone who has a lending relationship with us via origination or servicing, opened a financial services account to our platform, or signed up for our credit score monitoring service;
“Member Bank” are to SoFi’s member bank holding companies;
“Merger” are to the merger of Merger Sub with and into SoFi, with SoFi surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of SoFi Technologies;
“Merger Sub” a Delaware corporation and subsidiary of SCH;
“Minimum Cash Condition” are to the Trust Amount and the PIPE Investment Amount, in the aggregate, being greater than $0.9 billion (excluding transaction expenses);
“Nasdaq” are to the Nasdaq Global Select Market;
“NYSE” are to the New York Stock Exchange;
“OCC” are to the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency;
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“ordinary shares” are to the SCH Class A ordinary shares and the SCH Class B ordinary shares, collectively;
“Person” are to any individual, firm, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, joint stock company, governmental authority or instrumentality or other entity of any kind;
“PIPE Investment” are to the purchase of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock pursuant to the Subscription Agreements;
“PIPE Investment Amount” are to the aggregate gross purchase price received by SCH prior to or substantially concurrently with Closing for the shares in the PIPE Investment;
“PIPE Investors” are to those certain investors participating in the PIPE Investment pursuant to the Subscription Agreements;
“private placement warrants” are to the SCH private placement warrants outstanding as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus and the warrants of SoFi Technologies issued as a matter of law upon the conversion thereof at the time of the Domestication;
“pro forma” are to giving pro forma effect to the Business Combination;
“Proposed Bylaws” are to the proposed bylaws of SoFi Technologies upon the effective date of the Domestication attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex L;
“Proposed Certificate of Incorporation” are to the proposed certificate of incorporation of SoFi Technologies upon the effective date of the Domestication attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex K;
“Proposed Organizational Documents” are to the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation and the Proposed Bylaws;
“public shareholders” are to holders of public shares, whether acquired in SCH’s initial public offering or acquired in the secondary market;
“public shares” are to the SCH Class A ordinary shares (including those that underlie the units) that were offered and sold by SCH in its initial public offering and registered pursuant to the IPO registration statement or the shares of SoFi Technologies common stock issued as a matter of law upon the conversion thereof at the time of the Domestication, as context requires;
“public warrants” are to the redeemable warrants (including those that underlie the units) that were offered and sold by SCH in its initial public offering and registered pursuant to the IPO registration statement or the redeemable warrants of SoFi Technologies issued as a matter of law upon the conversion thereof at the time of the Domestication, as context requires;
“redemption” are to each redemption of public shares for cash pursuant to the Cayman Constitutional Documents and the Proposed Organizational Documents;
“Registration Rights Agreement” are to the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement to be entered into at Closing, by and among SoFi Technologies, the Sponsor, certain former stockholders of SoFi, Jay Parikh, Jennifer Dulski, ChaChaCha SPAC 5, LLC and Hedosophia Group Limited;
“RSU” are to restricted stock units;
“Sarbanes Oxley Act” are to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;
“SCH” are to Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V, prior to its domestication as a corporation in the State of Delaware;
“SCH Class A ordinary shares” are to SCH’s Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share;
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“SCH Class B ordinary shares” are to SCH’s Class B ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share;
“SCH units” and “units” are to the units of SCH, each unit representing one SCH Class A ordinary share and one-fourth of one redeemable warrant to acquire one SCH Class A ordinary share, that were offered and sold by SCH in its initial public offering and registered pursuant to the IPO registration statement (less the number of units that have been separated into the underlying public shares and underlying warrants upon the request of the holder thereof);
“SEC” are to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission;
“Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;
“Series 1 Agreement” are to the Amended and Restated Series 1 Preferred Stock Investors’ Agreement, dated as of January 7, 2021, with the Series 1 Holders and SCH;
“Series 1 Registration Rights Agreement” are to the Registration Rights Agreement to be entered into at Closing, by and among SoFi Technologies and the Series 1 Holders;
“Series 1 Holders” are to holders of the SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock;
“Shareholders’ Agreement” are to that certain Shareholders’ Agreement, to be entered into at Closing, by and among SoFi Technologies, the Sponsor and certain shareholders of SoFi;
“SoFi Awards” are to SoFi Options and SoFi RSUs;
“SoFi common stock” are to shares of SoFi voting common stock, par value $0.0000025 per share;
“SoFi Options” are to options to purchase shares of SoFi common stock;
“SoFi Series 1 Preferred Stock” are to shares of SoFi Series 1 Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock;
“SoFi Series H Preferred Stock” are to shares of SoFi Series H Preferred Stock;
“SoFi Technologies” are to SCH after the Domestication and its name change from Social Capital Hedosophia Corp. V;
“SoFi Technologies common stock” are to shares of SoFi Technologies voting common stock, par value $0.0001 per share;
“SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock” are to the shares of SoFi Technologies redeemable preferred stock that were designated in the Merger Agreement as the Series 1 Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock;
“SoFi Technologies Options” are to options to purchase shares of SoFi Technologies common stock;
“SoFi Technologies Restricted Stock” are to restricted shares of SoFi Technologies common stock;
“SoFi Technologies RSUs” are to restricted stock units based on shares of SoFi Technologies common stock;
“SoFi RSUs” are to restricted stock units based on shares of SoFi common stock;
“SoFi Stadium” are to the LA Stadium and Entertainment District at Hollywood Park in Inglewood, California;
“SoFi Stockholders” are to the stockholders of SoFi and holders of SoFi Awards prior to the Business Combination;
“SPE” are to special-purpose entity;
“Sponsor” are to SCH Sponsor V LLC, a Cayman Islands limited liability company;
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“Sponsor Related PIPE Investors” are to a PIPE Investor that are existing directors, officers or equity holders of the Sponsor and its affiliates (together with their permitted transferees);
“Sponsor Support Agreement” are to that certain Support Agreement, dated January 7, 2021, by and among the Sponsor, SCH, each director of SCH and SoFi, as amended and modified from time to time;
“Subscription Agreements” are to the subscription agreements pursuant to which the PIPE Investment will be consummated;
“Third-Party PIPE Investment” are to any PIPE Investment made by a Third-Party PIPE Investor;
“Third-Party PIPE Investment Amount” are to the aggregate gross purchase price received by SCH prior to or substantially concurrently with Closing for the shares in the Third-Party PIPE Investment;
“Third-Party PIPE Investor” are to any PIPE Investor who is not a Sponsor Related PIPE Investor;
“trust account” are to the trust account established at the consummation of SCH’s initial public offering at JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. and maintained by Continental, acting as trustee;
“Trust Agreement” are to the Investment Management Trust Agreement, dated October 8, 2020, by and between SCH and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as trustee;
“Trust Amount” are to the amount of cash available in the trust account as of the Closing, after deducting the amount required to satisfy SCH’s obligations to its shareholders (if any) that exercise their redemption rights;
“VIEs” are to variable interest entities; and
“warrants” are to the public warrants and the private placement warrants.
Unless otherwise stated in this proxy statement/prospectus or the context otherwise requires, all references in this proxy statement/prospectus to SCH Class A ordinary shares, shares of SoFi Technologies common stock or warrants include such securities underlying the units.
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This proxy statement/prospectus contains statements that are forward-looking and as such are not historical facts. This includes, without limitation, statements regarding the financial position, business strategy and the plans and objectives of management for future operations of Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V, including as they relate to the potential Business Combination. These statements constitute projections, forecasts and forward-looking statements, and are not guarantees of performance. Such statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. When used in this proxy statement/prospectus, words such as “anticipate”, “believe”, “continue”, “could”, “estimate”, “expect”, “intend”, “may”, “might”, “plan”, “possible”, “potential”, “predict”, “project”, “should”, “strive”, “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. When SCH discusses its strategies or plans, including as they relate to the potential Business Combination, it is making projections, forecasts or forward-looking statements. Such statements are based on the beliefs of, as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to, SCH’s management.
Forward-looking statements in this proxy statement/prospectus and in any document incorporated by reference in this proxy statement/prospectus may include, for example, statements about:
SCH’s ability to complete the Business Combination or, if SCH does not consummate such Business Combination, any other initial business combination;
satisfaction or waiver (if applicable) of the conditions to the Merger, including, among other things:
the satisfaction or waiver of certain customary closing conditions, including, among others, (i) approval of the Business Combination and related agreements and transactions by the respective shareholders of SCH and SoFi, (ii) effectiveness of the registration statement of which this proxy statement/prospectus forms a part, (iii) expiration or termination of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act and any other required regulatory approvals, (iv) receipt of approval for listing on the Nasdaq of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock to be issued in connection with the Merger (v) that SCH have at least $5,000,001 of net tangible assets upon Closing, (vi) the Minimum Cash Condition and (vii) the absence of any injunctions; and
that the Trust Amount plus the PIPE Investment Amount actually received by SCH at or prior to the Closing Date, is at least equal to the Minimum Available Cash Amount;
the occurrence of any other event, change or other circumstances that could give rise to the termination of the Merger Agreement;
the projected financial information, anticipated growth rate, and market opportunity of SoFi Technologies;
the ability to obtain or maintain the listing of SoFi Technologies common stock and SoFi Technologies warrants on Nasdaq following the Business Combination;
our public securities’ potential liquidity and trading;
our ability to raise financing in the future;
our success in retaining or recruiting, or changes required in, our officers, key employees or directors following the completion of the Business Combination;
SCH officers and directors allocating their time to other businesses and potentially having conflicts of interest with SCH’s business or in approving the Business Combination;
the use of proceeds not held in the trust account or available to SCH from interest income on the trust account balance;
factors relating to the business, operations and financial performance of SoFi and its subsidiaries, including:
the effect of uncertainties related to the global COVID-19 pandemic on its business, results of operations, and financial condition;
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its ability to achieve and maintain profitability in the future;
the impact of the regulatory environment and complexities with compliance related to such environment on SoFi;
its ability to obtain a national bank charter;
its ability to grow market share in existing markets or any new markets it may enter;
its ability to respond to general economic conditions;
its ability to manage its growth effectively and its expectations regarding the development and expansion of its business;
its ability to access sources of capital, including debt financing and securitization funding to finance its real estate assets and other sources of capital to finance operations and growth;
the success of SoFi’s marketing efforts and its ability to expand its member base;
its ability to develop new products, features and functionality that are competitive and meet market needs;
the ability of SoFi to maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting; and
its ability to retain and hire necessary employees and staff its operations appropriately; and
other factors detailed under the section entitled “Risk Factors”.
The forward-looking statements contained in this proxy statement/prospectus and in any document incorporated by reference in this proxy statement/prospectus are based on current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on SCH or SoFi. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting SCH or SoFi will be those that SCH or SoFi have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond the control of SCH or SoFi, respectively) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those factors described under the section entitled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 33 of this proxy statement/prospectus. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. SCH and SoFi undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.
Before any SCH shareholder grants its proxy or instructs how its vote should be cast or votes on the proposals to be put to the extraordinary general meeting, such stockholder should be aware that the occurrence of the events described in the “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus may adversely affect SCH or SoFi.
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR SHAREHOLDERS OF SCH
The questions and answers below highlight only selected information from this document and only briefly address some commonly asked questions about the proposals to be presented at the extraordinary general meeting, including with respect to the proposed Business Combination. The following questions and answers do not include all the information that is important to SCH’s shareholders. SCH urges shareholders to read this proxy statement/prospectus, including the Annexes and the other documents referred to herein, carefully and in their entirety to fully understand the proposed Business Combination and the voting procedures for the extraordinary general meeting, which will be held at                              , Eastern Time, on                               , 2021, at the offices of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP located at 525 University Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94301, or virtually via live webcast. To participate in the special meeting if it is held via live webcast, visit https://www.cstproxy.com/socialcapitalhedosophiaholdingsv/sm2021 and enter the 12 digit control number included on your proxy card. You may register for the meeting as early as 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on                               , 2021. If you hold your shares through a bank, broker or other nominee, you will need to take additional steps to participate in the meeting, as described in this proxy statement.
Q:Why am I receiving this proxy statement/prospectus?
A:SCH shareholders are being asked to consider and vote upon, among other proposals, a proposal to approve and adopt the Merger Agreement and approve the Business Combination. The Merger Agreement provides for, among other things, the merger of Merger Sub with and into SoFi, with SoFi surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of SoFi Technologies, in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Merger Agreement as more fully described elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. See the section entitled “BCA Proposal” for more detail.
A copy of the Merger Agreement is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex A and you are encouraged to read it in its entirety.
As a condition to the Merger, SCH will change its jurisdiction of incorporation by effecting a deregistration under the Cayman Islands Companies Act and a domestication under Section 388 of the DGCL, pursuant to which SCH’s jurisdiction of incorporation will be changed from the Cayman Islands to the State of Delaware. As a result of and upon the effective time of the Domestication, (1) each then issued and outstanding SCH Class A ordinary shares will convert automatically, on a one-for-one basis, into a share of SoFi Technologies common stock; (2) each of the then issued and outstanding SCH Class B ordinary shares will convert automatically, on a one-for-one basis, into a share of SoFi Technologies common stock; provided, however, that with respect to the SCH Class B ordinary shares held by Sponsor, in connection with the Domestication the Sponsor will instead receive upon the conversion of the SCH Class B ordinary shares held by it, a number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock equal to (x) the number of SCH Class B ordinary shares held by it as of immediately prior to the Domestication minus (y) after giving effect to the Domestication, the number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock underlying the Director RSU Award that were outstanding as of immediately prior to the Domestication; (3) each then issued and outstanding SCH warrant will convert automatically into a SoFi Technologies warrant, pursuant to the Warrant Agreement, dated as of October 8, 2020, between SCH and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (the “Warrant Agreement”); and (4) each of the then issued and outstanding units of SCH that have not been previously separated into the underlying SCH Class A ordinary shares and underlying SCH warrants upon the request of the holder thereof, will be canceled and will entitle the holder thereof to one share of SoFi Technologies common stock and one-fourth of one SoFi Technologies warrant. See “Domestication Proposal” for additional information.
The provisions of the Proposed Organizational Documents will differ materially from the Cayman Constitutional Documents. Please see “What amendments will be made to the current constitutional documents of SCH?” below.
THE VOTE OF SHAREHOLDERS IS IMPORTANT. SHAREHOLDERS ARE ENCOURAGED TO VOTE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AFTER CAREFULLY REVIEWING THIS PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS, INCLUDING THE ANNEXES AND THE ACCOMPANYING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF SCH AND SOFI, CAREFULLY AND IN ITS ENTIRETY.
Q:What proposals are shareholders of SCH being asked to vote upon?
A:At the extraordinary general meeting, SCH is asking holders of ordinary shares to consider and vote upon:
a proposal to approve by ordinary resolution and adopt the Merger Agreement;
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a proposal to approve by special resolution the Domestication;
the following three separate proposals to approve by special resolution the following material differences between the Cayman Constitutional Documents and the Proposed Organizational Documents:
to authorize the change in the authorized capital stock of SCH from (i) 500,000,000 SCH Class A ordinary shares, 50,000,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares and 5,000,000 preferred shares, par value $0.0001 per share, to (ii) 3,000,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, 100,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies non-voting common stock, 100,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies preferred stock, and 100,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies redeemable preferred stock;
to authorize the board of directors of SoFi Technologies (the “Board”) to issue any or all shares of SoFi Technologies preferred stock in one or more classes or series, with such terms and conditions as may be expressly determined by the Board and as may be permitted by the DGCL; and
to authorize all other changes in connection with the replacement of the Cayman Constitutional Documents with the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation and Proposed Bylaws as part of the Domestication, including, (1) changing the corporate name from “Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V” to “SoFi Technologies, Inc.”, (2) making SoFi Technologies’ corporate existence perpetual, (3) adopting Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation and the United States Federal District Courts as the exclusive forum for litigation arising out of the Securities Act, (4) being subject to the provisions of Section 203 of DGCL and (5) removing certain provisions related to SCH’s status as a blank check company that will no longer be applicable upon consummation of the Business Combination, all of which SCH’s board of directors believes is necessary to adequately address the needs of SoFi Technologies after the Business Combination;
a proposal to approve by ordinary resolution the election of 12 directors, who, upon consummation of the Business Combination, will be the directors of SoFi Technologies;
a proposal to approve by ordinary resolution, for purposes of complying with applicable listing rules of the NYSE, the issuance of (a) shares of SoFi Technologies common stock to the PIPE Investors, including the Sponsor Related PIPE Investors, pursuant to the PIPE Investment and (b) shares of SoFi Technologies common stock to the SoFi Stockholders pursuant to the Merger Agreement;
a proposal to approve by ordinary resolution the 2021 Plan;
a proposal to approve by ordinary resolution the Share Repurchase Agreement and the Repurchase; and
a proposal to approve the adjournment of the extraordinary general meeting to a later date or dates, if necessary, to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies in the event that there are insufficient votes for the approval of one or more proposals at the extraordinary general meeting.
If SCH’s shareholders do not approve each of the Condition Precedent Proposals, then unless certain conditions in the Merger Agreement are waived by the applicable parties to the Merger Agreement, the Merger Agreement could terminate and the Business Combination may not be consummated. See “BCA Proposal”, “Domestication Proposal”, “Organizational Documents Proposals”, “Director Election Proposal”, “Stock Issuance Proposal”, “Incentive Plan Proposal”, “Repurchase Proposal” and “Adjournment Proposal”.
SCH will hold the extraordinary general meeting to consider and vote upon these proposals. This proxy statement/prospectus contains important information about the Business Combination and the other matters to be acted upon at the extraordinary general meeting. Shareholders of SCH should read it carefully.
After careful consideration, SCH’s board of directors has determined that the BCA Proposal, the Domestication Proposal, each of the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Director Election Proposal, the Stock Issuance Proposal, the Incentive Plan Proposal, the Repurchase Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal are in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders and unanimously recommends that you vote or give instruction to vote “FOR” each of those proposals.
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The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of SCH’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders and what he, she or they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that shareholders vote for the proposals. In addition, SCH’s officers have interests in the Business Combination that may conflict with your interests as a shareholder. See the section entitled “BCA Proposal — Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination” for a further discussion of these considerations.
Q:Are the proposals conditioned on one another?
A:Yes. The Business Combination is conditioned on the approval of each of the Condition Precedent Proposals at the extraordinary general meeting. Each of the Condition Precedent Proposals is cross-conditioned on the approval of each other. The Adjournment Proposal is not conditioned upon the approval of any other proposal.
Q:Why is SCH proposing the Business Combination?
A:SCH was organized to effect a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination, with one or more businesses or entities.
SoFi is a financial services platform. They were founded in 2011 to offer an innovative approach to the private student loan market by providing student loan refinancing options. Since its founding, SoFi has expanded its lending strategy to offer home loans, personal loans, in-school loans and a credit card. They have also developed non-lending financial products, such as money management and investment product offerings, and leverage their financial services platform to empower other businesses as well. Their lending and financial services products are offered to their members. In addition, during 2020 they acquired Galileo, which primarily provides technology platform services to financial and non-financial institutions.
Based on its due diligence investigations of SoFi and the industry in which it operates, including the financial and other information provided by SoFi in the course of SCH’s due diligence investigations, the SCH board of directors believes that the Business Combination with SoFi is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders and presents an opportunity to increase shareholder value. However, there is no assurance of this. See “BCA Proposal — SCH’s Board of Directors’ Reasons for the Business Combination” for additional information.
Although SCH’s board of directors believes that the Business Combination with SoFi presents a unique business combination opportunity and is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders, the board of directors did consider the following potentially material negative factors in arriving at that conclusion:
SCH shareholders would be subject to the execution risks associated with SoFi Technologies if they retained their public shares following the Closing, which were different from the risks related to holding public shares of SCH prior to the Closing;
risks associated with successful implementation of SoFi Technologies’ long-term business plan and strategy;
risks associated with SoFi Technologies realizing the anticipated benefits of the Business Combination on the timeline expected or at all, including due to factors outside of the parties’ control such as new regulatory requirements or changes to existing regulatory requirements in the financial services industry; and
the potential negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related macroeconomic uncertainty.
These factors are discussed in greater detail in the section entitled “BCA Proposal — SCH’s Board of Directors' Reasons for the Business Combination”, as well as in the section entitled “Risk Factors”.
Q:What will SoFi Stockholders receive in return for SCH’s acquisition of all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of SoFi?
A:As a result of and upon the closing of the Merger (the “Closing”), among other things, each outstanding share of SoFi capital stock as of immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger, which will be converted into SoFi Technologies common stock based on the conversion ratio applicable to such share of SoFi capital stock, and, together with shares of SoFi common stock reserved in respect of SoFi
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Awards (as defined below) outstanding as of immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger, which will be converted into SoFi Technologies awards based on SoFi Technologies common stock, will be canceled in exchange for the right to receive, or the reservation of, an aggregate of 657,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock or, as applicable, shares underlying awards based on SoFi Technologies common stock, representing a pre-transaction equity value of SoFi of $6.6 billion (the “Aggregate Merger Consideration”). The portion of the Aggregate Merger Consideration reserved for the conversion of the SoFi Awards is calculated using the treasury stock method so that all SoFi Technologies Options are deemed net-settled (although SoFi Technologies Options may by their terms be cash-settled, resulting in additional dilution). For further details, see “BCA Proposal — The Merger Agreement — Consideration — Aggregate Merger Consideration”.
Q:What is the value of the consideration to be received in the Merger?
A:The exact value of the consideration to be received by holders of equity interests of SoFi at the Closing will depend on the price of SCH ordinary shares as of such time, the Aggregate Fully Diluted Company Common Shares as of such time, and whether there are any adjustments to the Base Purchase Price, and will not be known with certainty until the Closing.
For informational purposes only, assuming (i) a Base Purchase Price of $6.57 billion, (ii) Aggregate Fully Diluted Company Common Shares as of Closing of 370,474,602 (and a resulting Base Exchange Ratio of approximately 1.7734) and (iii) a market price of SCH ordinary shares of $15.39 per share (based on the closing price of SCH ordinary shares on the NYSE on April 19, 2021), if the Closing had occurred on April 19, 2021, then, giving effect to the Domestication:
each share of SoFi common stock would have been canceled and converted into the right to receive 1.7734 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock with an aggregate market value (based on the market price of SCH ordinary shares as of such date) of $27.29;
each share of SoFi Series A Preferred Stock, SoFi Series B Preferred Stock, SoFi Series C Preferred Stock, SoFi Series D Preferred Stock, SoFi Series E Preferred Stock and SoFi Series H-1 Preferred Stock would have been canceled and converted into the right to receive 1.7734 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock with an aggregate market value (based on the market price of SCH ordinary shares as of such date) of $27.29;
each share of SoFi Series F Preferred Stock would have been canceled and converted into the right to receive 1.9689 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock with an aggregate market value (based on the market price of SCH ordinary shares as of such date) of $30.30;
each share of SoFi Series G Preferred Stock would have been canceled and converted into the right to receive 2.1446 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock with an aggregate market value (based on the market price of SCH ordinary shares as of such date) of $33.01;
each share of SoFi Series H Preferred Stock (except for shares of Series H Preferred Stock held by Anthony Noto, our Chief Executive Officer) would have been canceled and converted into the right to receive 1.9264 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock with an aggregate market value (based on the market price of SCH ordinary shares as of such date) of $29.65;
each share of SoFi Series 1 Preferred Stock would have been canceled and converted into the right to receive one fully paid and non-assessable share of SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock; and
each warrant to purchase shares of SoFi Series H Preferred Stock would no longer be exercisable for shares of SoFi Series H Preferred Stock but would instead, pursuant to the Amended and Restated Series H Preferred Stock Warrant Agreement, become exercisable for a number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock equal to the product of (i) the number of shares of Series H Preferred Stock underlying such warrant immediately prior to the Closing multiplied by (ii) 1.7734.
We have provided the above calculations for informational purposes only based on the assumptions set forth above. The final exchange ratios will be determined at the Closing pursuant to the formula and terms set forth in the Merger Agreement. The Base Purchase Price, the Aggregate Fully Diluted Company Common Shares as of Closing, and the market price of SCH ordinary shares assumed for purposes of the foregoing illustration are each subject to change, and the actual values for such inputs at the time of the Closing could result in the Base Exchange Ratio, the exchange ratios for the SoFi Series F Preferred Stock, the SoFi Series G Preferred Stock and the SoFi Series H Preferred stock, and the value of
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the consideration to be received by holders of equity interests in SoFi being more or less than the amounts reflected above. We urge you to obtain current market quotations for SCH ordinary shares.
The 80,500,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock into which the 80,500,000 SCH Class A ordinary shares collectively held by SCH’s public shareholders will automatically convert in connection with the Merger (including after giving effect to the Domestication), if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have had an aggregate market value of approximately $1,239 million based upon the closing price of $15.39 per public share on the NYSE on April 19, 2021, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. The 12,125,000 SoFi Technologies warrants into which the 12,125,000 SCH public warrants will automatically convert in connection with the Merger (including after giving effect to the Domestication), if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have had an aggregate market value of $48.4 million based upon the closing price of $3.99 per public warrant on the NYSE on April 19, 2021, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. Based on the above assumed prices, the aggregate value SCH public shareholders and SCH public warrant holders will receive in the Business Combination and related transactions is $1,287 million. The 20,025,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock into which the 20,125,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares collectively held by the Sponsor and Mr. Parikh, will automatically convert in connection with the Merger (including after giving effect to the Domestication), if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have had an aggregate market value of $308.2 million based upon the closing price of $15.39 per public share on the NYSE on April 19, 2021, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. The 8,000,000 SoFi Technologies warrants into which the 8,000,000 private placement warrants held by the Sponsor will automatically convert in connection with the Merger (including after giving effect to the Domestication), if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have had an aggregate market value of $31.9 million based upon the closing price of $3.99 per public warrant on the NYSE on April 19, 2021, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. The Sponsor Related PIPE Investors have subscribed for $275,000,000 of the PIPE Investment, for which they will receive up to 27,500,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, which, if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have had an aggregate market value of $423.2 million based upon the closing price of $15.39 per public share on the NYSE on April 19, 2021, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. Based on the current price, the aggregate value Sponsor and related parties will receive with the Business Combination and related transactions is $763.3 million.
Q:What equity stake will current SCH shareholders and SoFi Stockholders hold in SoFi Technologies immediately after the consummation of the Business Combination?
A:As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, there are 100,625,000 ordinary shares issued and outstanding, which include the 20,125,000 founder shares held by the Sponsor (including SCH’s independent directors) and 80,500,000 public shares. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, there are 28,125,000 warrants outstanding, which include the 8,000,000 private placement warrants held by the Sponsor and 20,125,000 public warrants. Each whole warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one SCH Class A ordinary share and, following the Domestication, will entitle the holder thereof to purchase one share of SoFi Technologies common stock. Therefore, as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus (without giving effect to the Business Combination), the SCH fully diluted share capital would be 128,750,000 ordinary shares.
It is anticipated that, following the Business Combination and related transactions, (1) SCH public shareholders will own approximately 9.1% (or approximately 9.3% following settlement of the Director RSU Award and the Repurchase) of outstanding SoFi Technologies common stock, (2) SoFi Stockholders will own approximately 74.7% (or approximately 74.2% following settlement of the Director RSU Award and the Repurchase) of outstanding SoFi Technologies common stock, (3) the Sponsor and related parties (including the Sponsor Related PIPE Investors) will collectively own approximately 5.4% (or approximately 5.5% following settlement of the Director RSU Award and the Repurchase) of outstanding SoFi Technologies common stock, and (4) the Third Party PIPE Investors will own approximately 10.8% (or approximately 11.0% following settlement of the Director RSU Award and the Repurchase) of outstanding SoFi Technologies common stock. These percentages assume (i) that no SCH public shareholders exercise their redemption rights in connection with the Business Combination, (ii) the vesting and exercise of all SoFi Technologies Options for shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, (iii) the vesting of all SoFi Technologies RSU Awards and the issuance of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock in respect thereof, (iv) that SoFi Technologies issues shares of SoFi Technologies common stock as the Aggregate Merger Consideration pursuant to the Merger Agreement, which in the aggregate equal approximately 657,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock (subject to increase as set forth in the Merger Agreement and assuming that all SoFi Technologies Options are net-settled), and (v) that SoFi Technologies issues 122,500,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock to the PIPE Investors pursuant to the PIPE Investment. The Director RSU Award will vest at the Closing but will not settle into shares of SoFi Technologies common stock until a
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date, selected by SoFi Technologies, that occurs between January 1 and December 31 of the year following the Closing. If the actual facts are different from these assumptions, the percentage ownership retained by SCH’s existing shareholders in the combined company will be different.
The following table illustrates varying ownership levels in SoFi Technologies immediately following the consummation of the Business Combination based on the assumptions above.
Share Ownership in SoFi Technologies
Pre Director RSU Award Settlement and Repurchase
No Redemptions
Redemptions (1)
Number of Shares
Percentage of Outstanding Shares
Number of Shares
Percentage of Outstanding Shares
SoFi Stockholders
657,000,000 
(2)
74.7 %657,000,000 
(2)
82.1 %
SCH’s public shareholders
80,500,000 9.1 %— — %
Sponsor and related parties
47,625,000 5.4 %47,625,000 6.0 %
Third Party PIPE Investors
95,000,000 10.8 %95,000,000 11.9 %
Total
880,125,000 100.0 %799,625,000 100.0 %
Share Ownership in SoFi Technologies
Post Director RSU Award Settlement and Repurchase
No Redemptions
Redemptions(1)
Number of Shares
Percentage of Outstanding Shares
Number of Shares
Percentage of Outstanding Shares
SoFi Stockholders
642,000,000 
(2)
74.2 %642,000,000 
(2)
81.8 %
SCH’s public shareholders
80,500,000 9.3 %— — %
Sponsor and related parties
47,725,000 5.5 %47,725,000 6.1 %
Third Party PIPE Investors
95,000,000 11.0 %95,000,000 12.1 %
Total
865,225,000 100.0 %784,725,000 100.0 %
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(1)Assumes additional redemptions of 80,500,000 Class A public shares of SCH in connection with the Business Combination at approximately $10.00 per share based on trust account figures as of December 31, 2020.
(2)Includes 596,455,394 shares expected to be issued to existing SoFi common and preferred shareholders, 1,604,695 shares expected to be issued to SoFi warrant holders, 46,998,989 shares expected to be issued to SoFi RSUs and 11,940,922 shares of SoFi common stock underlying options that are included as part of consideration. All awards issued are assumed to be issued assuming treasury stock method.
For further details, see “BCA Proposal — The Merger Agreement — Consideration — Aggregate Merger Consideration”.
Q:What is the maximum number of shares that may be redeemed in order for SCH to satisfy the Minimum Cash Condition?
A:Assuming the PIPE Investment is completed, the Minimum Cash Condition will be met regardless of the level of redemptions by SCH’s public shareholders.
Q:What are the key terms of the SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock pursuant to the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation?
A:The holders of SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cumulative cash dividends at a fixed rate equal to 12.5% per annum prior to declaration or payment of any dividend (other than dividends payable in shares of capital stock junior to the SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock) on any such more junior shares of capital stock. Such dividends will accumulate and compound (if applicable) regardless of whether SoFi Technologies has earnings, whether or not there are funds legally available for the payment of those dividends and whether or not those dividends are declared by the Board. On the fifth anniversary of May 29, 2019 and annually thereafter, the dividend rate will reset to a new fixed rate equal to six-month London Inter-Bank Offered Rate as in effect on the second London banking day prior to such date plus a spread of 9.9399% per annum.
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Upon the occurrence of a dividend default, subject to certain conditions, the size of the Board will be increased by one, and Holders of the SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock will have the right to appoint a director to fill the vacancy, which director will serve until certain conditions relating to payment of the cumulative dividends are met.
The shares of SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock rank senior to all classes of SoFi Technologies common stock and existing and future series or classes of capital stock the terms of which do not expressly provide that it ranks senior to or pari passu with the SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock, on parity with future series or classes of capital stock, the terms of which expressly provide that it ranks pari passu with the SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock, and junior to all existing and future indebtedness of SoFi Technologies and any future series or class of capital stock the terms of which expressly provide that it ranks senior to the SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock. The shares of SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock are not convertible into any other securities of SoFi Technologies.
The SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock has no stated maturity and will not be subject to any sinking fund or, except upon exercise of any put right as further described below, mandatory redemption. The SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock is redeemable at SoFi Technologies’ option as follows: SoFi Technologies may at any time, but no more than three times, at its option, redeem the SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock, in whole or in part (subject to a minimum redemption amount as more fully described in the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation), including, in some cases, subject to the payment of a redemption premium.
Holders of the SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock have put rights pursuant to which they may require SoFi Technologies to purchase for cash some or all of the shares of the SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock under certain circumstances, including in connection with a change of control, if a dividend default occurs and if a covenant default occurs and is not cured within the allowed time.
Each holder of the SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock is entitled to vote on each matter submitted to a vote of holders of SoFi Technologies common stock and is entitled to one vote for each share of SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock. The holders of voting common stock and SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders.
So long as any shares of SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock remain outstanding, the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock is required for SoFi Technologies to amend, alter or repeal any provision of the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation or the Proposed Bylaws in a manner that materially adversely affects the holders of the SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock.
The Proposed Certificate of Incorporation provides that dividends on the SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock will include all accumulated and compounded (if applicable) and unpaid dividends on the SoFi redeemable preferred stock as of the closing of the Business Combination. Under SoFi’s certificate of incorporation, prior to May 29, 2024, the holders of SoFi redeemable preferred stock are entitled to receive cumulative cash dividends at a fixed rate equal to 12.5% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears, for each outstanding share of SoFi redeemable preferred stock held by them. Dividends payable on the SoFi redeemable preferred stock accrue on a daily basis and are computed based on the actual number of days in a dividend period and a semiannual dividend period of 182.5 days. SoFi paid to the holders of SoFi redeemable preferred stock a dividend payment on December 31, 2020. The amount of accrued but unpaid dividends to which holders of SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock will be entitled in respect of unpaid dividends on SoFi redeemable preferred stock as of the closing of the Business Combination will be equal, on a per share basis, to the product of (a) $6.25 and (b) (i) the number of days elapsed since the last SoFi redeemable preferred stock dividend payment date, divided by (ii) 182.5. Assuming, for illustrative purposes only, that the closing of the Business Combination were to occur on March 31, 2021, the most recent SoFi redeemable preferred stock dividend payment date would have been December 31, 2020 and the amount of accrued and unpaid dividends per share of SoFi redeemable preferred stock as of the closing of the Business Combination would be $3.08. The foregoing is for illustrative purposes only, and the actual amount of accrued and unpaid dividends per share of SoFi redeemable preferred stock on the date of the closing of the Business Combination will be calculated based on the actual date of the closing of the Business Combination.
Q:How has the announcement of the Business Combination affected the trading price of the SCH Class A ordinary shares?
A:On January 6, 2021, the trading date before the public announcement of the Business Combination, SCH’s public units, Class A ordinary shares and warrants closed at $12.76, $12.12 and $3.51, respectively. On April 19, 2021, the most recent
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practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, the Company’s public units, Class A ordinary shares and warrants closed at $16.33, $15.39 and $3.99, respectively.
Q:Will the Company obtain new financing in connection with the Business Combination?
A:Yes. The PIPE Investors have agreed to purchase in the aggregate approximately 122,500,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, for approximately $1,225 million of gross proceeds, in the PIPE Investment, $275 million of which is expected to be funded by the Sponsor Related PIPE Investors. The PIPE Investment is contingent upon, among other things, the closing of the Business Combination. See “BCA Proposal — Related Agreements — PIPE Subscription Agreements”.
Q:Why is SCH proposing the Domestication?
A.Our board of directors believes that there are significant advantages to us that will arise as a result of a change of SCH’s domicile to Delaware. Further, SCH’s board of directors believes that any direct benefit that the DGCL provides to a corporation also indirectly benefits its stockholders, who are the owners of the corporation. SCH’s board of directors believes that there are several reasons why a reincorporation in Delaware is in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders, including, the prominence, predictability and flexibility of the DGCL, (ii) Delaware’s well-established principles of corporate governance and (iii) the increased ability for Delaware corporations to attract and retain qualified directors. Each of the foregoing are discussed in greater detail in the section entitled “Domestication Proposal — Reasons for the Domestication”.
To effect the Domestication, SCH will file a notice of deregistration with the Cayman Islands Registrar of Companies, together with the necessary accompanying documents, and file a certificate of incorporation and a certificate of corporate domestication with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, under which SCH will be domesticated and continue as a Delaware corporation.
The approval of the Domestication Proposal is a condition to the closing of the Merger under the Merger Agreement. The approval of the Domestication Proposal requires a special resolution under the Cayman Islands Companies Act, being the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, will not count as votes cast at the extraordinary general meeting.
Q:What amendments will be made to the current constitutional documents of SCH?
A:The consummation of the Business Combination is conditioned, among other things, on the Domestication. Accordingly, in addition to voting on the Business Combination, SCH’s shareholders are also being asked to consider and vote upon a proposal to approve the Domestication and replace SCH’s Cayman Constitutional Documents, in each case, under the Cayman Islands Companies Act, with the Proposed Organizational Documents, in each case, under the DGCL, which differ materially from the Cayman Constitutional Documents in the following respects:
Cayman Constitutional Documents
Proposed Organizational Documents
Authorized Shares (Organizational Documents Proposal A)
The Cayman Constitutional Documents authorize 555,000,000 shares, consisting of 500,000,000 SCH Class A ordinary shares, 50,000,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares and 5,000,000 preferred shares.
The Proposed Organizational Documents authorize 3,300,000,000 shares, consisting of 3,000,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies voting common stock, 100,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies non-voting common stock, 100,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies preferred stock, and 100,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies redeemable preferred stock.
See paragraph 5 of the Existing Memorandum.
See Article IV of the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation.
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Cayman Constitutional Documents
Proposed Organizational Documents
Authorize the Board of Directors to Issue Preferred Stock Without Stockholder Consent (Organizational Documents Proposal B)
The Cayman Constitutional Documents authorize the issuance of 5,000,000 preferred shares with such designation, rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by SCH’s board of directors. Accordingly, SCH’s board of directors is empowered under the Cayman Constitutional Documents, without shareholder approval, to issue preferred shares with dividend, liquidation, redemption, voting or other rights which could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of ordinary shares (except to the extent it may affect the ability of SCH to carry out a conversion of SCH Class B ordinary shares on the Closing Date, as contemplated by the Existing Articles).
The Proposed Organizational Documents authorize the Board to issue all or any shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to fix for each such series such voting powers, full or limited, and such designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights and such qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, as the Board may determine.
See paragraph 5 of the Existing Memorandum and Articles 3 and 17 of the Existing Articles.
See Article V, subsection 2 of the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation.
Corporate Name (Organizational Documents Proposal C)
The Cayman Constitutional Documents provide the name of the company is “Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V”
The Proposed Organizational Documents provide that the name of the corporation will be “SoFi Technologies, Inc.”
See paragraph 1 of the Existing Memorandum.
See Article I of the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation.
Perpetual Existence (Organizational Documents Proposal C)
The Cayman Constitutional Documents provide that if SCH does not consummate a business combination (as defined in the Cayman Constitutional Documents) by October 14, 2022, SCH will cease all operations except for the purposes of winding up and will redeem the public shares and liquidate SCH’s trust account.
The Proposed Organizational Documents do not include any provisions relating to SoFi Technologies’ ongoing existence; the default under the DGCL will make SoFi Technologies’ existence perpetual.
See Article 49 of the Cayman Constitutional Documents.
Default rule under the DGCL.
Exclusive Forum (Organizational Documents Proposal C)
The Cayman Constitutional Documents do not contain a provision adopting an exclusive forum for certain shareholder litigation.
The Proposed Organizational Documents adopt Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation and the United States Federal District Courts as the exclusive forum for litigation arising out of the Securities Act.
See Article IX of the Proposed Bylaws.
Takeovers by Interested Stockholders (Organizational Documents Proposal C)
The Cayman Constitutional Documents do not provide restrictions on takeovers of SCH by a related shareholder following a business combination.
The Proposed Organizational Documents do not opt out of Section 203 of the DGCL, and therefore, SoFi Technologies will be subject to Section 203 of the DGCL relating to takeovers by interested stockholders.
Default rule under the DGCL.
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Cayman Constitutional Documents
Proposed Organizational Documents
Provisions Related to Status as Blank Check Company (Organizational Documents Proposal C)
The Cayman Constitutional Documents include various provisions related to SCH’s status as a blank check company prior to the consummation of a business combination.
The Proposed Organizational Documents do not include such provisions related to SCH’s status as a blank check company, which no longer will apply upon consummation of the Merger, as SCH will cease to be a blank check company at such time.
See Article 49 of the Cayman Constitutional Documents.
Q:How will the Domestication affect my ordinary shares, warrants and units?
A:As a result of and upon the effective time of the Domestication, (1) each of the then issued and outstanding SCH Class A ordinary shares will convert automatically, on a one-for-one basis, into a share of SoFi Technologies common stock, (2) each of the then issued and outstanding SCH Class B ordinary shares will convert automatically, on a one-for-one basis, into a share of SoFi Technologies common stock; provided, however, that with respect to the SCH Class B ordinary shares held by Sponsor, in connection with the Domestication the Sponsor will instead receive upon the conversion of the SCH Class B ordinary shares held by it, a number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock equal to (x) the number of SCH Class B ordinary shares held by it as of immediately prior to the Domestication minus (y) after giving effect to the Domestication, the number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock underlying the Director RSU Award; (3) each then issued and outstanding SCH warrant will convert automatically into a SoFi Technologies warrant, pursuant to the Warrant Agreement and (4) each of the then issued and outstanding units of SCH that have not been previously separated into the underlying SCH Class A ordinary shares and underlying SCH warrants upon the request of the holder thereof, will be canceled and will entitle the holder thereof to one share of SoFi Technologies common stock and one-fourth of one SoFi Technologies warrant. See “Domestication Proposal” for additional information.
Q:What are the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Domestication?
A:As discussed more fully under “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations”, it is intended that the Domestication will constitute a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a)(l)(F) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Assuming that the Domestication so qualifies, U.S. Holders (as defined in “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations”) will be subject to Section 367(b) of the Code and, as a result:
A U.S. Holder whose SCH Class A ordinary shares have a fair market value of less than $50,000 on the date of the Domestication will not recognize any gain or loss and will not be required to include any part of SCH’s earnings in income;
A U.S. Holder whose SCH Class A ordinary shares have a fair market value of $50,000 or more and who, on the date of the Domestication, owns (actually or constructively) less than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of SCH stock entitled to vote and less than 10% of the total value of all classes of SCH stock will generally recognize gain (but not loss) on the exchange of SCH Class A ordinary shares for SoFi Technologies common stock pursuant to the Domestication. As an alternative to recognizing gain, such U.S. Holder may file an election to include in income as a deemed dividend the “all earnings and profits amount” (as defined in the Treasury Regulations under Section 367 of the Code) attributable to its SCH Class A ordinary shares provided certain other requirements are satisfied; and
A U.S. Holder who, on the date of the Domestication, owns (actually or constructively) 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of SCH stock entitled to vote or 10% or more of the total value of all classes of SCH stock will generally be required to include in income as a deemed dividend all earnings and profits amount attributable to its SCH Class A ordinary shares.
SCH does not expect to have significant cumulative earnings and profits, if any, on the date of the Domestication.
As discussed more fully under “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations”, SCH believes that it is likely classified as a “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In such case, notwithstanding the foregoing U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Domestication, proposed Treasury Regulations under Section 1291(f) of the Code (which have a retroactive effective date), if finalized in their current form, would generally require a U.S. Holder to recognize gain on the exchange of SCH Class A ordinary shares or warrants for SoFi Technologies common stock or warrants pursuant to the Domestication. Any such gain would be taxable income with no corresponding
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receipt of cash in the Domestication. The tax on any such gain would be imposed at the rate applicable to ordinary income and an interest charge would apply based on a complex set of rules. However, it is difficult to predict whether, in what form, and with what effective date, final Treasury Regulations under Section 1291(f) of the Code may be adopted and how any such Treasury Regulations would apply. Importantly, however, U.S. Holders that make or have made certain elections discussed further under “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — PFIC Considerations — D. QEF Election and Mark-to-Market Election” with respect to their SCH Class A ordinary shares are generally not subject to the same gain recognition rules under the currently proposed Treasury Regulations under Section 1291(f) of the Code. Currently, there are no elections available that apply to SCH warrants, and the application of the PFIC rules to SCH warrants is unclear. For a more complete discussion of the potential application of the PFIC rules to U.S. Holders as a result of the Domestication, see “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations”.
Each U.S. Holder of SCH Class A ordinary shares or warrants is urged to consult its own tax advisor concerning the application of the PFIC rules, including the proposed Treasury Regulations, to the exchange of SCH Class A ordinary shares and warrants for SoFi Technologies common stock and warrants pursuant to the Domestication.
Additionally, the Domestication may cause non-U.S. Holders (as defined in “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations”) to become subject to U.S. federal income withholding taxes on any amounts treated as dividends paid in respect of such non-U.S. Holder’s SoFi Technologies common stock after the Domestication.
The tax consequences of the Domestication are complex and will depend on a holder’s particular circumstances. All holders are urged to consult their tax advisor regarding the tax consequences to them of the Domestication, including the applicability and effect of U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax laws. For a more complete discussion of the U.S. federal income tax considerations of the Domestication, see “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations”.
Q:Do I have redemption rights?
A:If you are a holder of public shares, you have the right to request that we redeem all or a portion of your public shares for cash provided that you follow the procedures and deadlines described elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. Public shareholders may elect to redeem all or a portion of the public shares held by them regardless of if or how they vote in respect of the BCA Proposal. If you wish to exercise your redemption rights, please see the answer to the next question: “How do I exercise my redemption rights?
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a public shareholder, together with any affiliate of such public shareholder or any other person with whom such public shareholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from redeeming its public shares with respect to more than an aggregate of 15% of the public shares. Accordingly, if a public shareholder, alone or acting in concert or as a group, seeks to redeem more than 15% of the public shares, then any such shares in excess of that 15% limit would not be redeemed for cash.
The Sponsor has agreed to waive its redemption rights with respect to all of the founder shares in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination. The founder shares will be excluded from the pro rata calculation used to determine the per-share redemption price.
Q:How do I exercise my redemption rights?
A:If you are a public shareholder and wish to exercise your right to redeem the public shares, you must:
(i)(a) hold public shares, or (b) if you hold public shares through units, you elect to separate your units into the underlying public shares and public warrants prior to exercising your redemption rights with respect to the public shares;
(ii)submit a written request to Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, that SoFi Technologies redeem all or a portion of your public shares for cash; and
(iii)deliver your share certificates (if any) and any other redemption forms to Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, physically or electronically through The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”).
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Holders must complete the procedures for electing to redeem their public shares in the manner described above prior to 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on                              , 2021 (two business days before the extraordinary general meeting) in order for their shares to be redeemed.
The address of Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, is listed under the question “Who can help answer my questions?” below.
Holders of units must elect to separate the units into the underlying public shares and public warrants prior to exercising redemption rights with respect to the public shares. If holders hold their units in an account at a brokerage firm or bank, holders must notify their broker or bank that they elect to separate the units into the underlying public shares and public warrants, or if a holder holds units registered in its own name, the holder must contact Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, directly and instruct them to do so.
Public shareholders will be entitled to request that their public shares be redeemed for a pro rata portion of the amount then on deposit in the trust account calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of the Business Combination including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to us (net of taxes payable). For illustrative purposes, as of December 31, 2020, this would have amounted to approximately $10.00 per issued and outstanding public share. However, the proceeds deposited in the trust account could become subject to the claims of SCH’s creditors, if any, which could have priority over the claims of the public shareholders, regardless of whether such public shareholder votes or, if they do vote, irrespective of if they vote for or against the BCA Proposal. Therefore, the per share distribution from the trust account in such a situation may be less than originally expected due to such claims. Whether you vote, and if you do vote irrespective of how you vote, on any proposal, including the BCA Proposal, will have no impact on the amount you will receive upon exercise of your redemption rights. It is expected that the funds to be distributed to public shareholders electing to redeem their public shares will be distributed promptly after the consummation of the Business Combination.
Any request for redemption, once made by a holder of public shares, may be withdrawn at any time until the deadline for exercising redemption requests, after which such request may only be withdrawn if the board of directors of SCH determines (in its sole discretion) to permit the withdrawal of such redemption request (which they may do in whole or in part). If you deliver your share certificates (if any) and any other redemption forms for redemption to Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, and later decide prior to the extraordinary general meeting not to elect redemption, you may request that SCH’s transfer agent return the shares (physically or electronically) to you. You may make such request by contacting Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, at the phone number or address listed at the end of this section.
Any corrected or changed written exercise of redemption rights must be received by Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, prior to the vote taken on the BCA Proposal at the extraordinary general meeting. No request for redemption will be honored unless the holder’s share certificates (if any) and any other redemption forms (either physically or electronically) to Continental, SCH’s agent, at least two business days prior to the vote at the extraordinary general meeting.
If a holder of public shares properly makes a request for redemption and the share certificates (if any) and any other redemption forms as described above, then, if the Business Combination is consummated, SoFi Technologies will redeem the public shares for a pro rata portion of funds deposited in the trust account, calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of the Business Combination. The redemption will take place following the Domestication and, accordingly, it is shares of SoFi Technologies common stock that will be redeemed immediately after consummation of the Business Combination.
If you are a holder of public shares and you exercise your redemption rights, such exercise will not result in the loss of any warrants that you may hold.
Q:If I am a holder of units, can I exercise redemption rights with respect to my units?
A:No. Holders of issued and outstanding units must elect to separate the units into the underlying public shares and public warrants prior to exercising redemption rights with respect to the public shares. If you hold your units in an account at a brokerage firm or bank, you must notify your broker or bank that you elect to separate the units into the underlying public shares and public warrants, or if you hold units registered in your own name, you must contact Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, directly and instruct them to do so. You are requested to cause your public shares to be separated and delivered to
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Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, by 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on                              , 2021 (two business days before the extraordinary general meeting) in order to exercise your redemption rights with respect to your public shares.
Q:What are the U.S. federal income tax consequences of exercising my redemption rights?
A:It is expected that a U.S. Holder (as defined in “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations”) that exercises its redemption rights to receive cash from the trust account in exchange for its SoFi Technologies common stock will generally be treated as selling such SoFi Technologies common stock resulting in the recognition of capital gain or capital loss. There may be certain circumstances, however, in which the redemption may be treated as a distribution for U.S. federal income tax purposes depending on the amount of SoFi Technologies common stock that such U.S. Holder owns or is deemed to own (including through the ownership of warrants). For a more complete discussion of the U.S. federal income tax considerations of an exercise of redemption rights, see “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations”.
Additionally, because the Domestication will occur immediately prior to the redemption of any shareholder, U.S. Holders exercising redemption rights will be subject to the potential tax consequences of Section 367 of the Code as well as potential tax consequences of the U.S. federal income tax rules relating to PFICs. The tax consequences of Section 367 of the Code and the PFIC rules are discussed more fully below under “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations”.
All holders considering exercising redemption rights are urged to consult their tax advisor on the tax consequences to them of an exercise of redemption rights, including the applicability and effect of U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax laws.
Q:What happens to the funds deposited in the trust account after consummation of the Business Combination?
A:Following the closing of SCH’s initial public offering, an amount equal to $805.0 million ($10.00 per unit) of the net proceeds from SCH’s initial public offering and the sale of the private placement warrants was placed in the trust account. As of December 31, 2020, funds in the trust account totaled $805.0 million and were comprised entirely of U.S. government treasury obligations with a maturity of 185 days or less or of money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), which invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations. These funds will remain in the trust account, except for the withdrawal of interest to pay taxes, if any, until the earliest of (1) the completion of a business combination (including the Closing), (2) the redemption of any public shares properly tendered in connection with a shareholder vote to amend the Cayman Constitutional Documents to modify the substance or timing of SCH’s obligation to redeem 100% of the public shares if it does not complete a business combination by October 14, 2022 and (3) the redemption of all of the public shares if SCH is unable to complete a business combination by October 14, 2022 (or if such date is further extended at a duly called extraordinary general meeting, such later date), subject to applicable law.
Upon consummation of the Business Combination, the funds deposited in the trust account will be released to pay holders of SCH public shares who properly exercise their redemption rights; to pay transaction fees and expenses associated with the Business Combination; and for working capital and general corporate purposes of SoFi Technologies following the Business Combination. See “Summary of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus — Sources and Uses of Funds for the Business Combination”.
Q:What happens if a substantial number of the public shareholders vote in favor of the BCA Proposal and exercise their redemption rights?
A:Our public shareholders are not required to vote in respect of the Business Combination in order to exercise their redemption rights. Accordingly, the Business Combination may be consummated even though the funds available from the trust account and the number of public shareholders are reduced as a result of redemptions by public shareholders.
The Merger Agreement provides that the obligations of SoFi to consummate the Merger are conditioned on, among other things, that as of the Closing, the Trust Amount plus the PIPE Investment is at least equal to the Minimum Available Cash Amount. If such conditions are not met, and such conditions are not or cannot be waived under the terms of the Merger Agreement, then the Merger Agreement could terminate and the proposed Business Combination may not be consummated. In addition, in no event will we redeem public shares in an amount that would cause SoFi Technologies’ net tangible assets (as determined in accordance with Rule 3a5 1-1 (g)(1) of the Exchange Act) to be less than $5,000,001.
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Q:What conditions must be satisfied to complete the Business Combination?
A:The Merger Agreement is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain customary closing conditions, including, among others, (i) approval of the Business Combination and related agreements and transactions by the respective shareholders of SCH and SoFi, (ii) effectiveness of the registration statement of which this proxy statement/prospectus forms a part of, (iii) expiration or termination of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act, (iv) receipt of approval for listing on the Nasdaq of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock to be issued in connection with the Merger (v) that SCH have at least $5,000,001 of net tangible assets upon Closing, (vi) the Minimum Cash Condition and (vii) the absence of any injunctions.
For more information about conditions to the consummation of the Business Combination, see “BCA Proposal — The Merger Agreement”.
Q:When do you expect the Business Combination to be completed?
A:It is currently expected that the Business Combination will be consummated in the first quarter of 2021. This date depends, among other things, on the approval of the proposals to be put to SCH shareholders at the extraordinary general meeting. However, such meeting could be adjourned if the Adjournment Proposal is adopted by SCH’s shareholders at the extraordinary general meeting and SCH elects to adjourn the extraordinary general meeting to a later date or dates, if necessary, to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies in the event that there are insufficient votes for the approval of one or more proposals at the extraordinary general meeting. For a description of the conditions for the completion of the Business Combination, see “BCA Proposal — The Merger Agreement”.
Q:What happens if the Business Combination is not consummated?
A:SCH will not complete the Domestication to Delaware unless all other conditions to the consummation of the Business Combination have been satisfied or waived by the parties in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement. If SCH is not able to complete the Business Combination with SoFi by October 14, 2022 and is not able to complete another business combination by such date, in each case, as such date may be extended pursuant to the Cayman Constitutional Documents, SCH will: (1) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up; (2) as promptly as reasonably possible, but not more than 10 business days thereafter, redeem the public shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including interest (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses and which interest shall be net of taxes payable), divided by the number of then issued and outstanding public shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public shareholders’ rights as shareholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if any), subject to applicable law; and (3) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of our remaining shareholders and our board, dissolve and liquidate, subject in each case to our obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law.
Q:Do I have appraisal rights in connection with the proposed Business Combination and the proposed Domestication?
A:Neither SCH’s shareholders nor SCH’s warrant holders have appraisal rights in connection with the Business Combination or the Domestication under the Cayman Islands Companies Act or under the DGCL.
Q:What do I need to do now?
A:SCH urges you to read this proxy statement/prospectus, including the Annexes and the documents referred to herein, carefully and in their entirety and to consider how the Business Combination will affect you as a shareholder or warrant holder. SCH’s shareholders should then vote as soon as possible in accordance with the instructions provided in this proxy statement/prospectus and on the enclosed proxy card.
Q:How do I vote?
A:If you are a holder of record of ordinary shares on the record date for the extraordinary general meeting, you may vote in person at the extraordinary general meeting or by submitting a proxy for the extraordinary general meeting. You may submit your proxy by completing, signing, dating and returning the enclosed proxy card in the accompanying pre-addressed postage-paid envelope. If you hold your shares in “street name”, which means your shares are held of record by a broker, bank or nominee, you should contact your broker, bank or nominee to ensure that votes related
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to the shares you beneficially own are properly counted. In this regard, you must provide the broker, bank or nominee with instructions on how to vote your shares or, if you wish to attend the extraordinary general meeting and vote in person, obtain a valid proxy from your broker, bank or nominee.
Q:If my shares are held in “street name”, will my broker, bank or nominee automatically vote my shares for me?
A:No. If your shares are held in a stock brokerage account or by a bank or other nominee, you are considered the “beneficial holder” of the shares held for you in what is known as “street name”. If this is the case, this proxy statement/prospectus may have been forwarded to you by your brokerage firm, bank or other nominee, or its agent, and you may need to obtain a proxy form from the institution that holds your shares and follow the instructions included on that form regarding how to instruct your broker, bank or nominee as to how to vote your shares. Under the rules of various national and regional securities exchanges, your broker, bank, or nominee cannot vote your shares with respect to non- discretionary matters unless you provide instructions on how to vote in accordance with the information and procedures provided to you by your broker, bank, or nominee. We believe all the proposals presented to the shareholders will be considered non-discretionary and therefore your broker, bank, or nominee cannot vote your shares without your instruction. Your bank, broker, or other nominee can vote your shares only if you provide instructions on how to vote. As the beneficial holder, you have the right to direct your broker, bank or other nominee as to how to vote your shares and you should instruct your broker to vote your shares in accordance with directions you provide. If you do not provide voting instructions to your broker on a particular proposal on which your broker does not have discretionary authority to vote, your shares will not be voted on that proposal. This is called a “broker non-vote”. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, will not count as votes cast at the extraordinary general meeting, and otherwise will have no effect on a particular proposal.
Q:When and where will the extraordinary general meeting be held?
A:The extraordinary general meeting will be held at                              , Eastern Time, on                               , 2021, at the offices of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP located at 525 University Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94301, or virtually via live webcast at https://www.cstproxy.com/socialcapitalhedosophiaholdingsv/sm2021, or such other date, time and place to which such meeting may be adjourned or postponed, to consider and vote upon the proposals.
Q:Who is entitled to vote at the extraordinary general meeting?
A:SCH has fixed April 5, 2021 as the record date for the extraordinary general meeting. If you were a shareholder of SCH at the close of business on the record date, you are entitled to vote on matters that come before the extraordinary general meeting. However, a shareholder may only vote his or her shares if he or she is present in person or is represented by proxy at the extraordinary general meeting.
Q:How many votes do I have?
A:SCH shareholders are entitled to one vote at the extraordinary general meeting for each ordinary share held of record as of the record date. As of the close of business on the record date for the extraordinary general meeting, there were 100,625,000 ordinary shares issued and outstanding, of which 80,500,000 were issued and outstanding public shares.
Q:What constitutes a quorum?
A:A quorum of SCH shareholders is necessary to hold a valid meeting. A quorum will be present at the extraordinary general meeting if the holders of a majority of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares entitled to vote at the extraordinary general meeting are represented in person or by proxy. As of the record date for the extraordinary general meeting, 50,312,501 ordinary shares would be required to achieve a quorum.
Q:What vote is required to approve each proposal at the extraordinary general meeting?
A:The following votes are required for each proposal at the extraordinary general meeting:
(i)BCA Proposal:   The approval of the BCA Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting.
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(ii)Domestication Proposal:   The approval of the Domestication Proposal requires a special resolution under Cayman Islands Companies Act, being the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting.
(iii)Organizational Documents Proposals:   The separate approval of each of the Organizational Documents Proposals requires a special resolution under Cayman Islands Companies Act, being the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting.
(iv)Director Election Proposal:   The approval of the Director Election Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting.
(v)Stock Issuance Proposal:   The approval of the Stock Issuance Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting.
(vi)Incentive Plan Proposal:   The approval of the Incentive Plan Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting.
(vii)Repurchase Proposal:   The approval of the Repurchase Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting.
(viii)Adjournment Proposal:   The approval of the Adjournment Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting.
Q:What are the recommendations of SCH’s board of directors?
A:SCH’s board of directors believes that the BCA Proposal and the other proposals to be presented at the extraordinary general meeting are in the best interest of SCH’s shareholders and unanimously recommends that its shareholders vote “FOR” the BCA Proposal, “FOR” the Domestication Proposal, “FOR” each of the separate Organizational Documents Proposals, “FOR” the Director Election Proposal, “FOR” the Stock Issuance Proposal, “FOR” the Incentive Plan Proposal, “FOR” the Repurchase Proposal and “FOR” the Adjournment Proposal, in each case, if presented to the extraordinary general meeting.
The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of SCH’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders and what he, she or they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that shareholders vote for the proposals. In addition, SCH’s officers have interests in the Business Combination that may conflict with your interests as a shareholder. See the section entitled “BCA Proposal — Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination” for a further discussion of these considerations.
Q:How does the Sponsor intend to vote their shares?
A:Unlike some other blank check companies in which the initial shareholders agree to vote their shares in accordance with the majority of the votes cast by the public shareholders in connection with an initial business combination, the Sponsor has agreed to vote all the founder shares and any other public shares they may hold in favor of all the proposals being presented at the extraordinary general meeting. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor (including SCH’s independent directors) owns 20.0% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares.
At any time at or prior to the Business Combination, subject to applicable securities laws (including with respect to material nonpublic information), the Sponsor, the existing stockholders of SoFi or our or their respective directors, officers, advisors or respective affiliates may (i) purchase public shares from institutional and other investors who vote, or indicate an intention to vote, against any of the Condition Precedent Proposals, or elect to redeem, or indicate an intention to redeem, public shares, (ii) execute agreements to purchase such shares from such investors in the future, or (iii) enter into
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transactions with such investors and others to provide them with incentives to acquire public shares, vote their public shares in favor of the Condition Precedent Proposals or not redeem their public shares. Such a purchase may include a contractual acknowledgement that such shareholder, although still the record holder of SCH’s shares, is no longer the beneficial owner thereof and therefore agrees not to exercise its redemption rights. In the event that the Sponsor, the existing stockholders of SoFi or our or their respective directors, officers, advisors, or respective affiliates purchase shares in privately negotiated transactions from public shareholders who have already elected to exercise their redemption rights, such selling shareholders would be required to revoke their prior elections to redeem their shares. The purpose of such share purchases and other transactions would be to increase the likelihood of (1) satisfaction of the requirement that holders of a majority of the ordinary shares, represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at the extraordinary general meeting, vote in favor of the BCA Proposal, the Director Election Proposal, the Stock Issuance Proposal, the Incentive Plan Proposal, the Repurchase Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal, (2) satisfaction of the requirement that holders of at least two-thirds of the ordinary shares, represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at the extraordinary general meeting, vote in favor of the Domestication Proposal and the Organizational Documents Proposals, (3) satisfaction of the Minimum Cash Condition, (4) otherwise limiting the number of public shares electing to redeem and (5) SCH’s net tangible assets (as determined in accordance with Rule 3a51(g)(1) of the Exchange Act) being at least $5,000,001.
Entering into any such arrangements may have a depressive effect on our ordinary shares (e.g., by giving an investor or holder the ability to effectively purchase shares at a price lower than market, such investor or holder may therefore become more likely to sell the shares he or she owns, either at or prior to the Business Combination). If such transactions are effected, the consequence could be to cause the Business Combination to be consummated in circumstances where such consummation could not otherwise occur. Purchases of shares by the persons described above would allow them to exert more influence over the approval of the proposals to be presented at the extraordinary general meeting and would likely increase the chances that such proposals would be approved. SCH will file or submit a Current Report on Form 8-K to disclose any material arrangements entered into or significant purchases made by any of the aforementioned persons that would affect the vote on the proposals to be put to the extraordinary general meeting or the redemption threshold. Any such report will include descriptions of any arrangements entered into or significant purchases by any of the aforementioned persons.
The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of SCH’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders and what he, she or they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that shareholders vote for the proposals. In addition, SCH’s officers have interests in the Business Combination that may conflict with your interests as a shareholder. See the section entitled “BCA Proposal — Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination” for a further discussion of these considerations.
Q:What happens if I sell my SCH ordinary shares before the extraordinary general meeting?
A:The record date for the extraordinary general meeting is earlier than the date of the extraordinary general meeting and earlier than the date that the Business Combination is expected to be completed. If you transfer your public shares after the applicable record date, but before the extraordinary general meeting, unless you grant a proxy to the transferee, you will retain your right to vote at such general meeting but the transferee, and not you, will have the ability to redeem such shares (if time permits).
Q:May I change my vote after I have mailed my signed proxy card?
A:Yes. Shareholders may send a later-dated, signed proxy card to SCH’s Secretary at SCH’s address set forth below so that it is received by SCH’s Secretary prior to the vote at the extraordinary general meeting (which is scheduled to take place on                               , 2021) or attend the extraordinary general meeting in person and vote. Shareholders also may revoke their proxy by sending a notice of revocation to SCH’s Secretary, which must be received by SCH’s Secretary prior to the vote at the extraordinary general meeting. However, if your shares are held in “street name” by your broker, bank or another nominee, you must contact your broker, bank or other nominee to change your vote.
Q:What happens if I fail to take any action with respect to the extraordinary general meeting?
A:If you fail to take any action with respect to the extraordinary general meeting and the Business Combination is approved by shareholders and the Business Combination is consummated, you will become a stockholder or warrant holder of SoFi Technologies. If you fail to take any action with respect to the extraordinary general meeting and the Business Combination is not approved, you will remain a shareholder or warrant holder of SCH. However, if you fail to vote with
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respect to the extraordinary general meeting, you will nonetheless be able to elect to redeem your public shares in connection with the Business Combination (if time permits).
Q:What should I do with my share certificates, warrant certificates or unit certificates?
A:Our shareholders who exercise their redemption rights must deliver (either physically or electronically) their share certificates to Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, prior to the extraordinary general meeting.
Holders must complete the procedures for electing to redeem their public shares in the manner described above prior to  5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on                              , 2021 (two business days before the extraordinary general meeting) in order for their shares to be redeemed.
Our warrant holders should not submit the certificates relating to their warrants. Public shareholders who do not elect to have their public shares redeemed for the pro rata share of the trust account should not submit the certificates relating to their public shares.
Upon the Domestication, holders of SCH units, Class A ordinary shares, Class B ordinary shares and warrants will receive shares of SoFi Technologies common stock and warrants, as the case may be, without needing to take any action and, accordingly, such holders should not submit any certificates relating to their units, Class A ordinary shares (unless such holder elects to redeem the public shares in accordance with the procedures set forth above), Class B ordinary shares or warrants.
Q:What should I do if I receive more than one set of voting materials?
A:Shareholders may receive more than one set of voting materials, including multiple copies of this proxy statement/prospectus and multiple proxy cards or voting instruction cards. For example, if you hold your shares in more than one brokerage account, you will receive a separate voting instruction card for each brokerage account in which you hold shares. If you are a holder of record and your shares are registered in more than one name, you will receive more than one proxy card. Please complete, sign, date and return each proxy card and voting instruction card that you receive in order to cast a vote with respect to all of your ordinary shares.
Q:Who will solicit and pay the cost of soliciting proxies for the extraordinary general meeting?
A:SCH will pay the cost of soliciting proxies for the extraordinary general meeting. SCH has engaged Morrow Sodali LLC (“Morrow”) to assist in the solicitation of proxies for the extraordinary general meeting. SCH has agreed to pay Morrow a fee of $37,500, plus disbursements (to be paid with non- trust account funds). SCH will also reimburse banks, brokers and other custodians, nominees and fiduciaries representing beneficial owners of SCH Class A ordinary shares for their expenses in forwarding soliciting materials to beneficial owners of SCH Class A ordinary shares and in obtaining voting instructions from those owners. SCH’s directors and officers may also solicit proxies by telephone, by facsimile, by mail, on the Internet or in person. They will not be paid any additional amounts for soliciting proxies.
Q:Where can I find the voting results of the extraordinary general meeting?
A:The preliminary voting results will be expected to be announced at the extraordinary general meeting. SCH will publish final voting results of the extraordinary general meeting in a Current Report on Form 8-K within four business days after the extraordinary general meeting.
Q:Who can help answer my questions?
A:If you have questions about the Business Combination or if you need additional copies of the proxy statement/prospectus, any document incorporated by reference in this proxy statement/prospectus or the enclosed proxy card, you should contact:
Morrow Sodali LLC
470 West Avenue, 3rd Floor
Stamford, Connecticut 06902
Individuals call toll-free: (800) 662-5200
Banks and Brokerage Firms, please call (203) 658-9400
Email: IPOE.info@investor.morrowsodali.com
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You also may obtain additional information about SCH from documents filed with the SEC by following the instructions in the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation by Reference”. If you are a holder of public shares and you intend to seek redemption of your public shares, you will need to deliver your share certificates (if any) and any other redemption forms to Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, at the address below prior to the extraordinary general meeting. Holders must complete the procedures for electing to redeem their public shares in the manner described above prior to 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on                              , 2021 (two business days before the extraordinary general meeting) in order for their shares to be redeemed. If you have questions regarding the certification of your position or delivery of your stock, please contact:
Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company 1 State Street, 30th floor
New York, NY 10004
Attention: Mark Zimkind
E-Mail: mzimkind@continentalstock.com
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SUMMARY OF THE PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS
This summary highlights selected information from this proxy statement/prospectus and does not contain all of the information that is important to you. To better understand the proposals to be submitted for a vote at the extraordinary general meeting, including the Business Combination, you should read this proxy statement/prospectus, including the Annexes and other documents referred to herein, carefully and in their entirety. The Merger Agreement is the primary legal document that governs the Business Combination and the other transactions that will be undertaken in connection with the Business Combination. The Merger Agreement is also described in detail in this proxy statement/prospectus in the section entitled “BCA Proposal — The Merger Agreement”.
Unless otherwise specified, all share calculations (i) assume no exercise of redemption rights by the public shareholders in connection with the Business Combination and (ii) do not include any shares issuable upon the exercise of the warrants.
The Parties to the Business Combination
SCH
Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V is a blank check company incorporated on July 10, 2020 as a Cayman Islands exempted company for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. SCH has neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenue to date. Based on SCH’s business activities, it is a “shell company” as defined under the Exchange Act because it has no operations and nominal assets consisting almost entirely of cash.
On October 14, 2020, SCH consummated the initial public offering of its units, with each unit consisting of one SCH Class A ordinary share and one-fourth of one public warrant. Simultaneously with the closing of the initial public offering, SCH completed the private sale of 8,000,000 private placement warrants to the Sponsor at a purchase price of $2.00 per private placement warrant, generating gross proceeds to SCH of $16.0 million. The private placement warrants are identical to the warrants sold as part of the units in SCH’s initial public offering except that, so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees, such warrants: (i) will not be redeemable by SCH (except in certain redemption scenarios when the price per SCH Class A ordinary share equals or exceeds $10.00 (as adjusted)); (ii) may not, subject to certain limited exceptions, be transferred, assigned or sold by the Sponsor until 30 days after the completion of SCH’s initial business combination (including the SCH Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants); (iii) may be exercised by the holders on a cashless basis; and (iv) are entitled to registration rights (including the SCH Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants).
Following the closing of SCH’s initial public offering, a total of $805.0 million ($10.00 per unit) of the net proceeds from its initial public offering and the sale of the private placement warrants was placed in the trust account. The proceeds held in the trust account may be invested by the trustee only in U.S. government treasury obligations with a maturity of 185 days or less or in money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act that invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations. As of December 31, 2020, funds in the trust account totaled $805,017,218. These funds will remain in the trust account, except for the withdrawal of interest to pay taxes, if any, until the earliest of (i) the completion of SCH’s initial business combination; (ii) the redemption of any public shares properly submitted in connection with a shareholder vote to amend SCH’s amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (a) to modify the substance or timing of SCH’s obligation to allow redemption in connection with its initial business combination or to redeem 100% of its public shares if SCH does not complete its initial business combination by October 14, 2022, or (b) with respect to any other provision relating to shareholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity; and (iii) the redemption of SCH’s public shares if SCH has not completed its initial business combination by October 14, 2022, subject to applicable law.
The SCH units, SCH Class A ordinary shares and SCH warrants are currently listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbols “IPOE”, “IPOE.U” and “IPOE.WS”, respectively.
SCH’s principal executive office is located at 317 University Ave, Suite 200, Palo Alto, California, 94301. Its telephone number is (650) 521-9007. SCH’s corporate website address is www.SocialCapitalHedosophiaHoldings.com. SCH’s website and the information contained on, or that can be accessed through, the website is not deemed to be incorporated by reference in, and is not considered part of, this proxy statement/prospectus.
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Merger Sub
Plutus Merger Sub Inc. (“Merger Sub”) is a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of SCH. The Merger Sub does not own any material assets or operate any business.
SoFi
SoFi is a Delaware corporation incorporated on April 26, 2011 to offer an innovative approach to the private student loan market by providing student loan refinancing options. SoFi has since developed into a financial services platform, having expanded its lending strategy to offer home loans and personal loans, and introduced non-lending financial products, such as money management and investment product offerings. Additionally, SoFi leverages its financial services platform to empower other businesses. Through strategic acquisitions made during the year ended December 31, 2020, SoFi expanded its investment product offerings into Hong Kong, and also now operates as a platform-as-a-service for a variety of financial service providers, providing the infrastructure to facilitate core customer-facing and back-end capabilities, such as account setup, account funding, direct deposit, authorizations and processing, payments functionality and check account balance features. SoFi’s principal executive office is located at 234 1st Street, San Francisco, California 94105. Its telephone number is (855) 456-7634.
Proposals to be Put to the Shareholders of SCH at the Extraordinary General Meeting
The following is a summary of the proposals to be put to the extraordinary general meeting of SCH and certain transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. Each of the proposals below, except the Adjournment Proposal, is cross-conditioned on the approval of each other. The Adjournment Proposal is not conditioned upon the approval of any other proposal set forth in this proxy statement/prospectus. The transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement will be consummated only if the Condition Precedent Proposals are approved at the extraordinary general meeting.
BCA Proposal
As discussed in this proxy statement/prospectus, SCH is asking its shareholders to approve by ordinary resolution and adopt the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 7, 2021, as amended on March 16, 2021, by and among SCH, Merger Sub and SoFi, a copy of which is attached to the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus as Annex A. The Merger Agreement provides for, among other things, following the Domestication of SCH to Delaware as described below, the merger of Merger Sub with and into SoFi (the “Merger”), with SoFi surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of SoFi Technologies, in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Merger Agreement as more fully described elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. After consideration of the factors identified and discussed in the section entitled “BCA Proposal — SCH’s Board of Directors’ Reasons for the Business Combination,” SCH’s board of directors concluded that the Business Combination met all of the requirements disclosed in the prospectus for SCH’s initial public offering, including that the business of SoFi and its subsidiaries had a fair market value equal to at least 80% of the net assets held in trust (net of amounts disbursed to management for working capital purposes and excluding the amount of any deferred underwriting discount held in trust). For more information about the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, see “BCA Proposal.”
Aggregate Merger Consideration
As a result of and upon the Closing, among other things, each outstanding share of SoFi capital stock as of immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger, which will be converted into SoFi Technologies common stock based on the conversion ratio applicable to such share of SoFi capital stock, and, together with shares of SoFi common stock reserved in respect of SoFi Awards (as defined below) outstanding as of immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger, which will be converted into SoFi Technologies awards based on SoFi Technologies common stock, will be canceled in exchange for the right to receive, or the reservation of, an aggregate of approximately 657,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock or, as applicable, shares underlying awards based on SoFi Technologies common stock, representing a pre-transaction equity value of SoFi of $6.6 billion (the “Aggregate Merger Consideration”). The portion of the Aggregate Merger Consideration reserved for the conversion of the SoFi Awards is calculated using the treasury stock method so that all SoFi Technologies Options are deemed net-settled (although SoFi Technologies Options may by their terms be cash-settled, resulting in additional dilution). The Aggregate Merger Consideration does not take into account certain additional issuances to SoFi management and employees pursuant to the 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan for SoFi Technologies, Inc. (the “2021 Plan”) and awards granted pursuant thereto. For further details, see “BCA Proposal — The Merger Agreement — Consideration —  Aggregate Merger Consideration.”
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Closing Conditions
The Merger Agreement is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain customary closing conditions, including, among others, (i) approval by SCH’s shareholders of the Business Combination and related agreements and transactions, (ii) the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this proxy statement/prospectus forms a part, (iii) the receipt of certain regulatory approvals (including, but not limited to, approval for listing on Nasdaq of the shares of SoFi Technologies common stock to be issued in connection with the Merger, (iv) that SoFi Technologies has at least $5,000,001 of net tangible assets upon Closing, (v) the Minimum Cash Condition and (vi) the absence of any injunctions.
Other conditions to SoFi’s obligations to consummate the Merger include, among others, that as of the Closing, (i) the Domestication has been completed, and (ii) the amount of cash available in the trust account, after deducting the amount required to satisfy SCH’s obligations to its shareholders (if any) that exercise their redemption rights pursuant to the Cayman Constitutional Documents but before the payment of any transaction expenses, and the PIPE Investment Amount, in the aggregate, is at least equal to $900.0 million (the “Minimum Available Cash Amount”).
If the Available Cash (the sum of the Trust Amount and PIPE Investment) is equal to or greater than the Minimum Available Cash Amount, then the Minimum Cash Condition will be deemed to have been satisfied. This condition is for the sole benefit of SoFi. If such condition is not met, and such condition is not or waived under the terms of the Merger Agreement, then the Merger Agreement could terminate and the proposed Business Combination may not be consummated. In addition, pursuant to the Cayman Constitutional Documents, in no event will SCH redeem public shares in an amount that would cause SoFi Technologies’ net tangible assets (as determined in accordance with Rule 3a51-1(g)(1) of the Exchange Act) to be less than $5,000,001.
For further details, see “BCA Proposal — The Merger Agreement.”
Domestication Proposal
As discussed in this proxy statement/prospectus, if the BCA Proposal is approved, then SCH will ask its shareholders to approve by special resolution the Domestication Proposal. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, as a condition to closing the Business Combination, the board of directors of SCH has unanimously approved the Domestication Proposal. The Domestication Proposal, if approved by SCH’s shareholders, will authorize a change of SCH’s jurisdiction of incorporation from the Cayman Islands to the State of Delaware. Accordingly, while SCH is currently governed by the Cayman Islands Companies Act, upon the Domestication, SoFi Technologies will be governed by the DGCL. There are differences between Cayman Islands corporate law and Delaware corporate law, as well as between the Cayman Constitutional Documents and the Proposed Organizational Documents. Accordingly, SCH encourages shareholders to carefully review the information in the section entitled “Comparison of Corporate Governance and Shareholder Rights”.
As a result of and upon the effective time of the Domestication, (i) each of the then issued and outstanding SCH Class A ordinary shares will convert automatically, on a one-for-one basis, into a share of SoFi Technologies common stock, (ii) each of the then issued and outstanding SCH Class B ordinary shares will convert automatically, on a one-for-one basis, into a share of SoFi Technologies common stock; provided, however, that with respect to the SCH Class B ordinary shares held by Sponsor, in connection with the Domestication the Sponsor will instead receive upon the conversion of the SCH Class B ordinary shares held by it, a number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock equal to (x) the number of SCH Class B ordinary shares held by it as of immediately prior to the Domestication minus (y) after giving effect to the Domestication, the number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock underlying the Director RSU Award (iii) each then issued and outstanding SCH warrant will convert automatically into a SoFi Technologies warrant, pursuant to the Warrant Agreement and (iv) each of the then issued and outstanding SCH units that have not been previously separated into the underlying SCH Class A ordinary shares and underlying SCH warrants upon the request of the holder thereof, will be canceled and will entitle the holder thereof to one share of SoFi Technologies common stock and one-fourth of one SoFi Technologies warrant.
For additional information, see “Domestication Proposal”.
Organizational Documents Proposals
If the BCA Proposal and the Domestication Proposal are approved, SCH will ask its shareholders to approve by special resolution three separate proposals (collectively, the “Organizational Documents Proposals”) in connection with the replacement of the Cayman Constitutional Documents, under the Cayman Islands Companies Act, with the Proposed Organizational Documents, under the DGCL. SCH’s board has unanimously approved each of the Organizational Documents
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Proposals and believes such proposals are necessary to adequately address the needs of SoFi Technologies after the Business Combination. Approval of each of the Organizational Documents Proposals is a condition to the consummation of the Business Combination. A brief summary of each of the Organizational Documents Proposals is set forth below. These summaries are qualified in their entirety by reference to the complete text of the Proposed Organizational Documents.
(A)Organizational Documents Proposal A — to authorize the change in the authorized capital stock of SCH from 500,000,000 Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share (the “SCH Class A ordinary shares”), 50,000,000 Class B ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class B ordinary shares” and, together with the Class A ordinary shares, the “ordinary shares”), and 5,000,000 preferred shares, par value $0.0001 per share (the “SCH preferred shares”), to 3,000,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of SoFi Technologies (the “SoFi Technologies common stock”), 100,000,000 shares of non-voting common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of SoFi Technologies, 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of SoFi Technologies (the “SoFi Technologies preferred stock”) and 100,000,000 shares of redeemable preferred stock, par value $0.0000025 per share, of SoFi Technologies;
(B)Organizational Documents Proposal B — to authorize the board of directors of SoFi Technologies to issue any or all shares of SoFi Technologies preferred stock in one or more classes or series, with such terms and conditions as may be expressly determined by SoFi Technologies’ board of directors and as may be permitted by the DGCL;
and
(C)Organizational Documents Proposal C — to authorize all other changes in connection with the replacement of Cayman Constitutional Documents with the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation and Proposed Bylaws in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination (copies of which are attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex K and Annex L, respectively), including (i) changing the corporate name from “Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V” to “SoFi Technologies, Inc.”, (ii) making SoFi Technologies’ corporate existence perpetual, (iii) adopting Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation and the United States Federal District Courts as the exclusive forum for litigation arising out of the Securities Act, (iv) being subject to the provisions of Section 203 of DGCL and (v) removing certain provisions related to SCH’s status as a blank check company that will no longer be applicable upon consummation of the Business Combination, all of which SCH’s board of directors believes is necessary to adequately address the needs of SoFi Technologies after the Business Combination.
The Proposed Organizational Documents differ in certain material respects from the Cayman Constitutional Documents and SCH encourages shareholders to carefully review the information set out in the section entitled “Organizational Documents Proposals” and the full text of the Proposed Organizational Documents of SoFi Technologies.
Director Election Proposal
Assuming the BCA Proposal, the Domestication Proposal, each of the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Stock Issuance Proposal and the Incentive Plan Proposal are approved, SCH’s shareholders are also being asked to approve by ordinary resolution the Director Election Proposal. Upon the consummation of the Business Combination, the size of the board of directors of SoFi Technologies will be set at 13 directors, including the 12 director nominees to be considered and voted on pursuant to the Director Election Proposal and one vacancy, as further described elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus.
For additional information, see “Director Election Proposal”.
Stock Issuance Proposal
Assuming the BCA Proposal, the Domestication Proposal, each of the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Director Election Proposal and the Incentive Plan Proposal are approved, SCH’s shareholders are also being asked to approve by ordinary resolution the Stock Issuance Proposal.
For additional information, see “Stock Issuance Proposal”.
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Incentive Plan Proposal
Assuming the BCA Proposal, the Domestication Proposal, the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Director Election Proposal and the Stock Issuance Proposal are approved, SCH’s shareholders are also being asked to approve by ordinary resolution the 2021 Plan, in order to comply with NYSE Listing Rule 312.03(a) and the Internal Revenue Code.
For additional information, see “Incentive Plan Proposal”.
Repurchase Proposal
Assuming the BCA Proposal, the Domestication Proposal, each of the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Director Election Proposal, the Stock Issuance Proposal and the Incentive Plan Proposal are approved, SCH’s shareholders are also being asked to approve by ordinary resolution the Repurchase Proposal.
For additional information, see “Repurchase Proposal”.
Adjournment Proposal
If, based on the tabulated vote, there are not sufficient votes at the time of the extraordinary general meeting to authorize SCH to consummate the Business Combination (because any of the Condition Precedent Proposals have not been approved (including as a result of the failure of any other cross-conditioned Condition Precedent Proposals to be approved)), SCH’s board of directors may submit a proposal to adjourn the extraordinary general meeting to a later date or dates, if necessary, to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies.
For additional information, see “Adjournment Proposal”.
SCH’s Board of Directors’ Reasons for the Business Combination
SCH was organized for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses.
In evaluating the Business Combination, the SCH board of directors consulted with SCH’s management and considered a number of factors. In particular, the SCH board of directors considered, among other things, the following factors, although not weighted or in any order of significance:
SoFi’s Large Addressable Market.   The SCH board of directors believes that the financial services industry is ripe for disruption due to a number of factors. The combined market capitalization of the leading incumbents in the financial services sector is over $2 trillion, and the top 10 legacy banks hold approximately 50% of consumers’ over 500 million bank accounts (with the rest distributed across 4,700 FDIC incumbent banks). Technology disruptors continue to capture value from legacy incumbents in other industries, and the SCH board of directors believes that now is SoFi’s time in financial services as the only one-stop shop digital disruptor across financial services. With its holistic consumer finance offering, siloed structure built top down and first-generation payments technology, SoFi is uniquely positioned at the epicenter of digital revolution in financial services. Today, 50% of Americans use more than one bank for financial services, with approximately 80% of consumers polled citing a lack of integrated “one-stop shops” as the reason for having more than one bank account, and the SCH board of directors believes that SoFi is currently the only company providing this solution today in a single integrated digital platform.
SoFi’s Superior Consumer Experience and Growing Membership.   SoFi’s member-centric approach — and the convenient digital experience created by the full suite of financial products all in one app — powers an entire financial relationship with consumers, and the SCH board of directors believes that SoFi provides an efficient alternative to using multiple banks for different services. Adding to the consumer experience are SoFi’s other key points of differentiation. SoFi’s platform offers consumers a faster way to apply for and borrow money, open an account, buy or sell stock, deposit checks and access cash and pay friends and bills. SoFi has a broad array of products across member lifecycles and unique content to help its members “get your money right” via SoFi brands and partnerships with non-SoFi brands. The integrated digital experience created by SoFi’s “one-stop shop” platform has led to accelerating growth in unique members year over year, and the SCH board of directors believes that SoFi is on track to exceed 3 million members in 2021, up 75% after six consecutive quarters of accelerating year over year growth.
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SoFi’s Highly Attractive Business Model.   SoFi’s member experience and full suite of products leverages the “financial services productivity loop” strategy, building relationships with consumers in the first product to drive success in the next. The SCH board of directors believes that if SoFi achieves a higher loan-to-value ratio and a lower customer acquisition cost, it would give SoFi a competitive advantage. The resulting extra profit can be invested in better prices (or rates, as applicable), and SoFi’s differentiating factors of speed, selection, content and convenience. The SCH board of directors believes that any extra profits may also be channeled towards developing new products, which are built to be better when used with existing products, further compounding SoFi’s competitive advantage. SoFi has recorded a net loss in the last three fiscal years of $(252.4) million, $(239.7) million and $(224.1) million in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
SoFi’s Rapid Growth and Expansive Future Opportunities.   The SCH board of directors believes that SoFi’s member-centric approach powers an entire financial relationship resulting in more products per member and SoFi’s technology and operations create advantages in the form of faster innovation, lower costs, more data an iterative testing, enabling a rapid and successful rollout of additional products. Since January 2019, SoFi has launched its Money, Relay, Invest, Home Loans, In-School Loans, and Credit Card products, with more to come. In addition to accelerating growth in unique members, the SCH board of directors believes that SoFi’s multi-product membership is on track to nearly double year over year. The SCH board of directors acknowledge that the foregoing should be weighed against SoFi’s historical financial performance, as noted above.
Experienced and Proven Management Team.   SoFi’s management team combines expertise in technology and financial services. SoFi’s management team is led by its Chief Executive Officer, Anthony Noto, former Chief Financial Officer, then Chief Operating Officer, of Twitter, and earlier a co-head of global technology, media and telecommunications (“TMT”) investment banking at Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (“Goldman Sachs”). SoFi’s management team also includes former officers and managers of Amazon, Microsoft, Uber, Tesla, Zynga, Goldman Sachs, TPG Capital, JP Morgan, GSV Capital, Citibank, and Sallie Mae. Under their leadership, SoFi has transformed how people borrow, save, spend, invest, and protect their money to achieve financial independence and realize their financial ambitions. The SCH board of directors expects SoFi’s executives will continue with SoFi Technologies following the Business Combination. For additional information regarding SoFi Technologies’ executive officers, see the section entitled “Management of SoFi Technologies Following the Business Combination — Executive Officers.”
Attractive Entry Valuation.   SoFi Technologies will have an anticipated initial pre-transaction enterprise value of $6.6 billion (including the net proceeds from an equity raise consummated in December 2020, and the proceeds from the proposed transaction), implying a 12.6x multiple of 2025 projected net income. After the completion of the Business Combination, the majority of the net cash from SCH’s trust account is expected to be held on SoFi Technologies’ balance sheet to fund operations and support continued growth into new products and geographical markets.
For a more complete description of the SCH board of directors’ reasons for approving the Business Combination, including other factors and risks considered by the SCH board of directors, see the section entitled “BCA Proposal — SCH’s Board of Directors’ Reasons for the Business Combination.”
Related Agreements
This section describes certain additional agreements entered into or to be entered into pursuant to the Merger Agreement. For additional information, see “BCA Proposal — Related Agreements”.
Sponsor Support Agreement
In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement, SCH entered into a sponsor support agreement, with the Sponsor, each officer and director of SCH and SoFi, a copy of which is attached to the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus as Annex C (as amended on March 16, 2021, the “Sponsor Support Agreement”). Pursuant to the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Sponsor and each director of SCH agreed, among other things, (i) to vote in favor of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby and (ii) not to redeem any shares of SCH common stock owned by them in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, in each case, subject to the terms and conditions contemplated by the Sponsor Support Agreement.
For additional information, see “BCA Proposal — Related Agreements — Sponsor Support Agreement”.
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SoFi Holders Support Agreement
In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement, SCH entered into a support agreement with SoFi and certain stockholders of SoFi, representing, in aggregate, 50.7% of the voting power of the outstanding SoFi capital stock, voting as a single class and on an as-converted basis, as of January 7, 2021, a copy of which is attached to the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus as Annex B (the “SoFi Holders Support Agreement”). Pursuant to SoFi Holders Support Agreement, such SoFi Stockholders agreed to, among other things, vote to adopt and approve, following the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, the Merger Agreement and all other documents and transactions contemplated thereby, in each case, subject to the terms and conditions of SoFi Holders Support Agreement.
For additional information, see “BCA Proposal — Related Agreements — SoFi Holders Support Agreement”.
Shareholders’ Agreement
The Merger Agreement contemplates that, at the Closing, SoFi Technologies, the Sponsor and certain former stockholders of SoFi (the “SoFi Holders”) will enter into the Shareholders’ Agreement, pursuant to which (i) following the Closing, SoFi Technologies will enter into a share repurchase agreement with SoftBank Group Capital Limited (the “Share Repurchase Agreement”) committing SoFi Technologies to repurchase, in the aggregate, $150 million of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock owned by the SoftBank Investors (as defined in the Shareholders’ Agreement) at a price per share equal to $10.00. Following such repurchase, in the event the combined ownership of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock by the SoftBank Investors and Renren SF Holdings Inc., or their affiliates, exceeds 24.9% (or 14.9%, if the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System has provided written notice to SoFi Technologies that the SoftBank Investors, Renren SF Holdings Inc. and their respective affiliates, must own or control, collectively, 14.9% or less of the voting power of any class of voting securities of SoFi Technologies in order for any of the SoftBank Investors, Renren SF Holdings Inc. or their respective affiliates to not “control” SoFi Technologies (within the meaning of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended)), the SoftBank Investors will convert a number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock into non-voting common stock such that, the combined ownership of the SoftBank Investors, Renren SF Holdings Inc. and their affiliates will not exceed such threshold. Shares of SoFi Technologies non-voting common stock will automatically convert into SoFi Technologies voting common stock (i) as a result of transfers of shares of SoFi Technologies non-voting common stock (A) in which no transferee (or group of associated transferees) would receive two percent (2%) or more of the outstanding securities of any class of voting securities of SoFi Technologies, (B) to a transferee that would control more than fifty percent (50%) of every class of voting securities of SoFi Technologies without any such transfer, (C) to SoFi Technologies and (D) in a widespread public distribution, and (ii) in connection with any issuances of SoFi Technologies voting common stock, at the election of any SoftBank Investor, whereby SoFi Technologies non-voting common stock held by such SoftBank Investor may be converted into the same number of shares of SoFi Technologies voting common stock so long as such SoftBank Investor does not acquire a higher percentage of the outstanding SoFi Technologies voting common stock than such SoftBank Investor controlled immediately prior to such issuance. Based on the beneficial ownership of SoFi common stock by the SoftBank Investors, Renren SF Holdings Inc. and their affiliates as of December 31, 2020, and assuming (x) SoFi Technologies issues 684,503,581 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock in connection with the Business Combination and (y) SoFi Technologies repurchases 15 million shares of SoFi Technologies common stock owned by the SoFi Investors in the repurchase pursuant to the Share Repurchase Agreement, the expected beneficial ownership of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock by the SoftBank Investors, Renren SF Holdings Inc. and their affiliates immediately following the consummation of the Business Combination and the share repurchase described above would be 142,944,205 or 17.0% of the issued and outstanding shares of SoFi Technologies common stock.
The Shareholders’ Agreement further sets forth the following ongoing board designation rights following the consummation of the Business Combination:
The Sponsor will be entitled to nominate (i) two (2) independent directors for so long as it and its affiliated funds own at least 50% of the SoFi Technologies common shares owned by them immediately following the Closing and (ii) one (1) independent director for so long as it and its affiliated funds own at least (x) 25% of the SoFi Technologies common shares owned by them immediately following the Closing or (y) 5% percent of the issued and outstanding shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, subject to certain replacement rights.
The SoftBank Investors will be entitled to nominate (i) two (2) directors for so long as they own at least 50% of the SoFi Technologies common shares owned by them immediately following the Closing (less any shares repurchased as described above) and (ii) one (1) director for so long as they own at least (x) 25% of the SoFi Technologies common shares owned by them immediately following the Closing (less any repurchased shares) or (y) 5% of the issued and
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outstanding shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, subject to certain replacement rights. The SoftBank Investors will also be entitled to nominate one (1) independent director for so long as they own at least 50% of the SoFi Technologies common shares owned by them immediately following the Closing, subject to certain restrictions and replacement rights. The SoftBank Investors’ ownership of SoFi Technologies non-voting common stock, if any, will count towards satisfying such ownership requirements.
The Silver Lake Investors (as defined in the Shareholders’ Agreement) will be entitled to nominate one (1) director for so long as they own at least (i) 50% of the SoFi Technologies common shares owned by them immediately following the Closing (less any shares repurchased in certain qualifying repurchases) or (ii) 5% of the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock, subject to certain replacement rights.
The QIA Investors (as defined in the Shareholders’ Agreement) will be entitled to nominate one (1) director for so long as the they own at least (i) 50% of the SoFi Technologies common shares owned by them immediately following the Closing (less any shares repurchased in certain qualifying repurchases) or (ii) 5% of the issued and outstanding shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, subject to certain replacement rights.
The Red Crow Investors (as defined in the Shareholders’ Agreement) will be entitled to nominate one (1) director for so long as the they own at least (i) 50% of the SoFi Technologies common shares owned by them immediately following the Closing or (ii) 5% of the issued and outstanding shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, subject to certain replacement rights. The Red Crow Investors will also be entitled to nominate one (1) independent director for so long as they own at least 50% of the SoFi Technologies common shares owned by them immediately following the Closing, subject to certain replacements rights.
Following the consummation of the Business Combination, the Shareholders’ Agreement also grants, subject to applicable law and qualification of the applicable designees as “independent” pursuant to the Nasdaq Listing Standards, the following designation rights with respect to committees of the SoFi Technologies Board of Directors:
The SoftBank Investors shall be entitled to designate (i) one (1) member of each of two (2) standing committees of the SoFi Technologies Board of Directors (as determined by the SoftBank Investors) for so long as the SoftBank Investors are entitled to nominate two (2) directors to the SoFi Technologies Board of Directors and (ii) one (1) member of one (1) standing committee of the SoFi Technologies Board of Directors (as determined by the SoftBank Investors) for so long as the SoftBank Investors are entitled to nominate one (1) director to the SoFi Technologies Board of Directors. In addition, for so long as a director or the independent director nominated by the SoftBank Investors serves on the nominating and governance committee, the compensation committee or the audit committee, any such committee may not have fewer than four (4) members.
The Red Crow Investors shall be entitled to designate (i) one (1) member of each of two (2) standing committees of the SoFi Technologies Board of Directors (as determined by the Red Crow Investors) for so long as the Red Crow Investors are entitled to nominate both a director and an independent director to the SoFi Technologies Board of Directors and (ii) one (1) member of one (1) standing committee of the SoFi Technologies Board of Directors (as determined by the Red Crow Investors) for so long as the Red Crow Investors are entitled to nominate either a director or an independent director to the SoFi Technologies Board of Directors.
The Silver Lake Investors shall be entitled to designate one (1) member of one (1) standing committee of the SoFi Technologies Board of Directors (as determined by the Silver Lake Investors) for so long as the Silver Lake Investors are entitled to nominate a director to the SoFi Technologies Board of Directors.
In addition, pursuant to the Shareholders’ Agreement, if, as of the Closing, SoFi Technologies maintains an amount of available cash that exceeds one billion, two-hundred and fifty million dollars $(1,250,000,000) minus the aggregate amount of the net proceeds raised pursuant to that certain Common Stock Purchase Agreement, dated December 30, 2020, by and among SoFi and the investors specified therein, in the aggregate, and the Board of Directors approves the repurchase of SoFi Technologies common stock, then until the earlier of 180 days following the Closing and such time as the amount of such repurchases equals $250 million, SoFi Technologies will offer the Silver Lake Investors, the SoftBank Investors and the QIA Investors the right to sell to SoFi Technologies shares of SoFi Technologies common stock owned by the SoFi Holders at a price per share equal to $10.00.
For additional information, see “BCA Proposal — Related Agreements — Shareholders’ Agreement”.
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Amended and Restated Series 1 Preferred Stock Investors’ Agreement
In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement, SCH and the Series 1 Holders entered into an Amended and Restated Preferred Stock Investors’ Agreement (the “Series 1 Agreement”), dated as of January 7, 2021, a copy of which is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex H. The Series 1 Agreement amends and restates in its entirety the Series 1 Preferred Stock Investors’ Agreement, dated as of May 29, 2019, among SoFi and the Series 1 Holders (the “Original Series 1 Agreement”) and assigns all of SoFi’s rights, remedies, obligations and liabilities under the Original Series 1 Agreement to SCH. The Series 1 Agreement will become effective as of and subject to the Closing, except that it became effective as of January 7, 2021 with respect to the cash payment described in the next sentence. The Series 1 Agreement contains financial and other covenants, provides for certain information rights and provides for the cash payment to the Series 1 Holders, immediately upon the Closing, in full satisfaction of the special payment rights set forth in the Original Series 1 Agreement. Each holder of SoFi redeemable preferred stock will be entitled to receive, with respect to each share of SoFi redeemable preferred stock held by such holder as of immediately prior to the Closing, a cash payment equal to the product of (i) the amount (if positive, otherwise zero) by which $19.2952 (as may be adjusted pursuant to the Merger Agreement), exceeds the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the aggregate purchase price payable to SoFi and (y) the aggregate number of shares of SoFi common stock issued, in each case pursuant to the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 30, 2020, by and among the Company and the investors party thereto, multiplied by (ii) the number of shares of Series H Preferred Stock held by such holder as of immediately prior to the Closing. The Series 1 Agreement further provides that if the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series 1 Preferred Stock shall be entitled to appoint a director designated by QIA to the Board of Directors of SoFi Technologies, as provided in the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation, then each Series 1 Investor shall vote such number of shares of Series 1 Preferred Stock as is necessary to ensure that the person designated by QIA is so elected, subject to certain restrictions.
For additional information, see “BCA Proposal — Related Agreements — Amended and Restated Series 1 Preferred Stock Investors’ Agreement”.
Registration Rights Agreement
The Merger Agreement contemplates that, at the Closing, SoFi Technologies, the Sponsor, certain affiliates of the Sponsor and certain former stockholders of SoFi (the “SoFi Holders”) will enter into the Registration Rights Agreement, pursuant to which SoFi Technologies will agree to register for resale, pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, certain shares of SoFi Technologies common stock and other equity securities of SoFi Technologies that are held by the parties thereto from time to time. The Registration Rights Agreement amends and restates the registration rights agreement that was entered into by SCH, the Sponsor and the other parties thereto in connection with SCH’s initial public offering.
For additional information, see “BCA Proposal — Related Agreements — Registration Rights Agreement”.
Series 1 Registration Rights Agreement
The Merger Agreement contemplates that, at the Closing, SoFi Technologies and the Series 1 Investors will enter into the Series 1 Registration Rights Agreement, pursuant to which SoFi Technologies will agree to register for resale, pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, the Series 1 Preferred Stock.
For additional information, see “BCA Proposal — Related Agreements —  Series 1 Registration Rights Agreement”.
Lock-up Agreements
The Merger Agreement contemplates that, at the Closing, SoFi Technologies, the Sponsor, certain key holders of the Sponsor, and certain SoFi Holders, will agree to restrictions on transfer for up to 180 days, subject to the granting of early release, following the Closing with respect to the shares of SoFi Technologies common stock held by them immediately following the Closing. The Proposed Bylaws contemplate that the SoFi Stockholders will be subject to additional restrictions on transfer for a 30 day period following the Closing.
For additional information, see “BCA Proposal — Related Agreements — Lock up Agreements and “Description of SoFi Technologies Securities”.
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PIPE Subscription Agreements
In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement, SCH entered into Subscription Agreements with the PIPE Investors, pursuant to which the PIPE Investors agreed to purchase, in the aggregate, 122,500,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock at $10.00 per share for an aggregate commitment amount of $1,225,000,000. The obligation of the parties to consummate the purchase and sale of the shares covered by the Subscription Agreement is conditioned upon (i) there not being in force any injunction or order enjoining or prohibiting the issuance and sale of the shares covered by the Subscription Agreement, (ii) there not being any amendment or modification of the terms of the Merger Agreement in a manner that is materially adverse to the PIPE Investor (in its capacity as such), (iii) a customary bringdown of the representations and warranties of the PIPE Investor and SCH in the Subscription Agreement and (iv) the prior or substantially concurrent consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. The closings under the Subscription Agreements will occur prior to or substantially concurrently with the Closing.
For additional information, see “BCA Proposal — Related Agreements — PIPE Subscription Agreements”.
Ownership of SoFi Technologies following Business Combination
As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, there are 100,625,000 ordinary shares issued and outstanding, which include the 20,125,000 founder shares held by the Sponsor and related parties and 80,500,000 public shares. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, there are 28,125,000 warrants outstanding, which include the 8,000,000 private placement warrants held by the Sponsor and 20,125,000 public warrants. Each whole warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one SCH Class A ordinary share and, following the Domestication, will entitle the holder thereof to purchase one share of SoFi Technologies common stock. Therefore, as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus (without giving effect to the Business Combination), the SCH fully diluted share capital would be 128,750,000 ordinary shares.
It is anticipated that, following the Business Combination, (i) SCH’s public shareholders are expected to own approximately 9.1% (or 9.3% following settlement of the Director RSU Award and Repurchase) of outstanding SoFi Technologies common stock, (ii) SoFi Stockholders are expected to own approximately 74.7% (or 74.2% following settlement of the Director RSU Award and Repurchase) of outstanding SoFi Technologies common stock, (iii) the Sponsor and related parties (including the Sponsor Related PIPE Investors) are expected to collectively own approximately 5.4% (or 5.5% following settlement of the Director RSU Award and Repurchase) of outstanding SoFi Technologies common stock, and (iv) the Third Party PIPE Investors are expected to own approximately 10.8% (or 11.0% following settlement of the Director RSU Award and Repurchase) of outstanding SoFi Technologies common stock. These percentages assume (i) that no public shareholders exercise their redemption rights in connection with the Business Combination, (ii)  the vesting and exercise of all SoFi Technologies Options for shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, (c) the vesting of all SoFi Technologies RSU Awards and the issuance of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock in respect thereof and (d) that SoFi Technologies issues shares of SoFi Technologies common stock as the Aggregate Merger Consideration pursuant to the Merger Agreement, which in the aggregate equals approximately 657,000,000 shares (subject to increase as set forth in the Merger Agreement) of SoFi Technologies common stock (assuming that all SoFi Technologies Options are net-settled), and (iii) SoFi Technologies issues 122,500,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock to the PIPE Investors pursuant to the PIPE Investment. If the actual facts are different from these assumptions, the percentage ownership retained by SCH’s existing shareholders in the combined company will be different.
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The following table illustrates varying ownership levels in SoFi Technologies immediately following the consummation of the Business Combination based on the assumptions above.
Share Ownership in SoFi Technologies
Pre Director RSU Award Settlement and Repurchase
No Redemptions
Redemptions(1)
Number of Shares
Percentage of Outstanding Shares
Number of Shares
Percentage of Outstanding Shares
SoFi Stockholders
657,000,000 
(2)
74.7 %657,000,000 
(2)
82.1 %
SCH’s public shareholders
80,500,000 9.1 %— — %
Sponsor and related parties
47,625,000 5.4 %47,625,000 6.0 %
Third Party PIPE Investors
95,000,000 10.8 %95,000,000 11.9 %
Total880,125,000 100.0 %799,625,000 100.0 %
Share Ownership in SoFi Technologies
Post Director RSU Award Settlement and Repurchase
No Redemptions
Redemptions(1)
Number of Shares
Percentage of Outstanding Shares
Number of Shares
Percentage of Outstanding Shares
SoFi Stockholders
642,000,000 
(2)
74.2 %642,000,000 
(2)
81.8 %
SCH’s public shareholders
80,500,000 9.3 %— — %
Sponsor and related parties
47,725,000 5.5 %47,725,000 6.1 %
Third Party PIPE Investors
95,000,000 11.0 %95,000,000 12.1 %
Total
865,225,000 100.0 %784,725,000 100.0 %
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(1)Assumes additional redemptions of 80,500,000 Class A public shares of SCH in connection with the Business Combination at approximately $10.00 per share based on trust account figures as of December 31, 2020.
(2)Includes 596,455,394 shares expected to be issued to existing SoFi common and preferred shareholders, 1,604,695 shares expected to be issued to SoFi warrant holders, 46,998,989 shares expected to be issued to SoFi RSUs (as defined herein), and 11,940,922 shares of SoFi common stock underlying options that are included as part of consideration. All awards issued are assumed to be issued assuming treasury stock method.
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Organizational Structure
The following diagram depicts the organizational structure of SoFi and SoFi Technologies following the Business Combination.
ipoe-20210422_g1.jpg
The above diagram excludes certain consolidated and deconsolidated direct and indirect subsidiaries of Social Finance, Inc., including consolidated and deconsolidated securitization variable interest entities.
Date, Time and Place of Extraordinary General Meeting of SCH’s Shareholders
The extraordinary general meeting of the shareholders of SCH will be held at 12:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on                               , 2021 at the offices of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP located at 525 University Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94301, or virtually via live webcast at https://www.cstproxy.com/socialcapitalhedosophiaholdingsv/sm2021, to consider and vote upon the proposals to be put to the extraordinary general meeting, including if necessary, the Adjournment Proposal, to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies if, based upon the tabulated vote at the time of the extraordinary general meeting, each of the Condition Precedent Proposals have not been approved.
Voting Power; Record Date
SCH shareholders will be entitled to vote or direct votes to be cast at the extraordinary general meeting if they owned ordinary shares at the close of business on April 5, 2021, which is the “record date” for the extraordinary general meeting. Shareholders will have one vote for each ordinary share owned at the close of business on the record date. If your shares are held in “street name” or are in a margin or similar account, you should contact your broker to ensure that votes related to the shares you beneficially own are properly counted. SCH warrants do not have voting rights. As of the close of business on the record date, there were 100,625,000 ordinary shares issued and outstanding, of which 80,500,000 were issued and outstanding public shares.
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Quorum and Vote of SCH Shareholders
A quorum of SCH shareholders is necessary to hold a valid meeting. A quorum will be present at the SCH extraordinary general meeting if a majority of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares entitled to vote at the extraordinary general meeting are represented in person or by proxy. Abstentions and broker non- votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, will not count as votes cast at the extraordinary general meeting. As of the record date for the extraordinary general meeting, 50,312,501 ordinary shares would be required to achieve a quorum.
The Sponsor has agreed to vote all of its ordinary shares in favor of the proposals being presented at the extraordinary general meeting. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor (including SCH’s independent directors) owns 20.0% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares.
The proposals presented at the extraordinary general meeting require the following votes:
BCA Proposal:   The approval of the BCA Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting.
Domestication Proposal:   The approval of the Domestication Proposal requires a special resolution under Cayman Islands Companies Act, being the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting.
Organizational Documents Proposals:   The separate approval of each of the Organizational Documents Proposals requires a special resolution under Cayman Islands Companies Act, being the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting.
Director Election Proposal:   The approval of the Director Election Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting.
Stock Issuance Proposal:   The approval of the Stock Issuance Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting.
Incentive Plan Proposal:   The approval of the Incentive Plan Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting.
Repurchase Proposal:   The approval of the Repurchase Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting.
Adjournment Proposal:   The approval of the Adjournment Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting.
Redemption Rights
Pursuant to the Cayman Constitutional Documents, a public shareholder may request of SCH that SoFi Technologies redeem all or a portion of its public shares for cash if the Business Combination is consummated. As a holder of public shares, you will be entitled to receive cash for any public shares to be redeemed only if you:
hold public shares or (b) if you hold public shares through units, you elect to separate your units into the underlying public shares and public warrants prior to exercising your redemption rights with respect to the public shares;
submit a written request to Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (“Continental”), SCH’s transfer agent, that SoFi Technologies redeem all or a portion of your public shares for cash; and
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deliver your share certificates (if any) and any other redemption forms to Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, physically or electronically through DTC.
Holders must complete the procedures for electing to redeem their public shares in the manner described above prior to 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on                              , 2021 (two business days before the extraordinary general meeting) in order for their shares to be redeemed.
Holders of units must elect to separate the units into the underlying public shares and public warrants prior to exercising redemption rights with respect to the public shares. If holders hold their units in an account at a brokerage firm or bank, holders must notify their broker or bank that they elect to separate the units into the underlying public shares and public warrants, or if a holder holds units registered in its own name, the holder must contact Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, directly and instruct them to do so. Public shareholders may elect to redeem all or a portion of the public shares held by them regardless of if or how they vote in respect of the BCA Proposal.
If the Business Combination is not consummated, the public shares will be returned to the respective holder, broker or bank. If the Business Combination is consummated, and if a public shareholder properly exercises its right to redeem all or a portion of the public shares that it holds and timely delivers its shares to Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, SoFi Technologies will redeem such public shares for a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the pro rata portion of the trust account, calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of the Business Combination. For illustrative purposes, as of December 31, 2020, this would have amounted to approximately $10.00 per issued and outstanding public share. If a public shareholder exercises its redemption rights in full, then it will be electing to exchange its public shares for cash and will no longer own public shares. The redemption takes place following the Domestication and, accordingly, it is shares of SoFi Technologies common stock that will be redeemed immediately after consummation of the Business Combination. See “Extraordinary General Meeting of SCH — Redemption Rights” in this proxy statement/prospectus for a detailed description of the procedures to be followed if you wish to redeem your public shares for cash.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a public shareholder, together with any affiliate of such public shareholder or any other person with whom such public shareholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from redeeming its public shares with respect to more than an aggregate of 15% of the public shares. Accordingly, if a public shareholder, alone or acting in concert or as a group, seeks to redeem more than 15% of the public shares, then any such shares in excess of that 15% limit would not be redeemed for cash.
The Sponsor has agreed to vote in favor of the Business Combination, regardless of how our public shareholders vote. Unlike some other blank check companies in which the initial shareholders agree to vote their shares in accordance with the majority of the votes cast by the public shareholders in connection with an initial business combination, the Sponsor and each director of SCH have agreed to, among other things, vote in favor of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, in each case, subject to the terms and conditions contemplated by the Sponsor Support Agreement. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor (including SCH’s independent directors) owns 20.0% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares.
Holders of the warrants will not have redemption rights with respect to the warrants.
Appraisal Rights
Neither SCH shareholders nor SCH warrant holders have appraisal rights in connection with the Business Combination or the Domestication under the Cayman Islands Companies Act or under the DGCL.
Proxy Solicitation
Proxies may be solicited by mail, telephone or in person. SCH has engaged Morrow Sodali LLC to assist in the solicitation of proxies.
If a shareholder grants a proxy, it may still vote its shares in person if it revokes its proxy before the extraordinary general meeting. A shareholder also may change its vote by submitting a later-dated proxy as described in the section entitled “Extraordinary General Meeting of SCH — Revoking Your Proxy”.
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Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination
When you consider the recommendation of SCH’s board of directors in favor of approval of the BCA Proposal, you should keep in mind that the Sponsor and SCH’s directors and executive officers have interests in such proposal that are different from, or in addition to, those of SCH shareholders and warrant holders generally. These interests include, among other things, the interests listed below:
Prior to SCH’s initial public offering, the Sponsor purchased 2,875,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares for an aggregate purchase price of $25,000, or approximately $0.01 per share. In September 2020, SCH effected a share capitalization resulting in the Sponsor holding an aggregate of 18,687,500 SCH Class B ordinary shares. Subsequent to the share capitalization, in September 2020, the Sponsor transferred 100,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares to Jay Parikh (an independent director of SCH and with the Sponsor, “SCH’s initial shareholders”). In October 2020, SCH effected a share capitalization resulting in SCH’s initial shareholders holding an aggregate of 20,125,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares, resulting in an effective purchase price per SCH Class B ordinary share of approximately $0.001. If SCH does not consummate a business combination by October 14, 2022 (or if such date is extended at a duly called extraordinary general meeting, such later date), it would cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, redeeming all of the outstanding public shares for cash and, subject to the approval of its remaining shareholders and its board of directors, dissolving and liquidating, subject in each case to its obligations under the Cayman Islands Companies Act to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. In such event, the 20,125,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares collectively owned by SCH’s initial shareholders would be worthless because following the redemption of the public shares, SCH would likely have few, if any, net assets and because the Sponsor and SCH’s directors and officers have agreed to waive their respective rights to liquidating distributions from the trust account in respect of any SCH Class A ordinary shares and SCH Class B ordinary shares held by it or them, as applicable, if SCH fails to complete a business combination within the required period. Additionally, in such event, the 8,000,000 private placement warrants purchased by the Sponsor simultaneously with the consummation of SCH’s initial public offering for an aggregate purchase price of $16 million, will also expire worthless. Certain of SCH’s directors and executive officers, including Chamath Palihapitiya and Ian Osborne, also have an economic interest in such private placement warrants and in the 20,025,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares owned by the Sponsor. The 20,025,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock into which the 20,125,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares collectively held by the Sponsor and Mr. Parikh, will automatically convert in connection with the Merger (including after giving effect to the Domestication), if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have had an aggregate market value of $308.2 million based upon the closing price of $15.39 per public share on the NYSE on April 19, 2021, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/ prospectus. However, given that such shares of SoFi Technologies common stock will be subject to certain restrictions, including those described above, SCH believes such shares have less value. The 8,000,000 SoFi Technologies warrants into which the 8,000,000 private placement warrants held by the Sponsor will automatically convert in connection with the Merger (including after giving effect to the Domestication), if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have had an aggregate market value of $31.9 million based upon the closing price of $3.99 per public warrant on the NYSE on April 19, 2021, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus.
The Sponsor (including its representatives and affiliates) and SCH’s directors and officers, are, or may in the future become, affiliated with entities that are engaged in a similar business to SCH. For example, Mr. Palihapitiya and Mr. Osborne, each of whom serves as an officer and director of SCH and may be considered an affiliate of the Sponsor, have also recently incorporated Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. IV (“IPOD”) and Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. VI (“IPOF”), all of which are blank check companies incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted companies for the purpose of effecting their respective initial business combinations. Mr. Palihapitiya is the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors of IPOD and IPOF,Mr. Osborne is the President and a director of IPOD and IPOF, and each of our other officers is also an officer of IPOD and IPOF and owe fiduciary duties under Cayman Islands Companies Act to IPOD and IPOF. The Sponsor and SCH’s directors and officers are not prohibited from sponsoring, or otherwise becoming involved with, any other blank check companies prior to SCH completing its initial business combination. Moreover, certain of SCH’s directors and officers have time and attention requirements for investment funds of which affiliates of the Sponsor are the investment managers. SCH’s directors and officers also may become aware of business opportunities which may be appropriate for presentation to SCH, and the other entities to which they owe certain fiduciary or contractual duties, including IPOD and IPOF. Accordingly, they may have had conflicts of interest in determining to which entity a particular business opportunity should be presented. These conflicts may not be resolved in SCH’s favor and such potential business opportunities may be presented to other entities prior to their presentation to SCH, subject to applicable fiduciary duties under Cayman Islands Companies Act. SCH’s Cayman Constitutional Documents provide that SCH renounces its interest in any corporate
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opportunity offered to any director or officer of SCH unless such opportunity is expressly offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of SCH and it is an opportunity that SCH is able to complete on a reasonable basis.
SoFi (including its subsidiaries) may in the future serve as an underwriter for entities that are engaged in a similar business to SCH, including blank check companies sponsored by the Sponsor or affiliated with SCH’s directors and officers. SoFi would be paid customary fees and commissions.
SCH’s existing directors and officers will be eligible for continued indemnification and continued coverage under SCH’s directors’ and officers’ liability insurance after the Merger and pursuant to the Merger Agreement.
The Sponsor Related PIPE Investors have subscribed for $275,000,000 of the PIPE Investment, for which they will receive up to 27,500,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock. The 27,500,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock which the Sponsor Related PIPE Investors have subscribed for in the PIPE Investment, if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have had an aggregate market value of $423.2 million based upon the closing price of $15.39 per public share on the NYSE on April 19, 2021, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. See “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions — SCH — Subscription Agreements”.
In the event that SCH fails to consummate a business combination within the prescribed time frame (pursuant to the Cayman Constitutional Documents), or upon the exercise of a redemption right in connection with the Business Combination, SCH will be required to provide for payment of claims of creditors that were not waived that may be brought against SCH within the ten years following such redemption. In order to protect the amounts held in SCH’s trust account, the Sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to SCH if and to the extent any claims by a third party (other than SCH’s independent auditors) for services rendered or products sold to SCH, or a prospective target business with which SCH has discussed entering into a transaction agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the trust account to below (i) $10.00 per public share or (ii) such lesser amount per public share held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account, due to reductions in value of the trust assets, in each case, net of the amount of interest which may be withdrawn to pay taxes, except as to any claims by a third party who executed a waiver of any and all rights to seek access to the trust account and except as to any claims under the indemnity of the underwriters of SCH’s initial public offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
In connection with SCH’s initial public offering, the underwriters of SCH’s initial public offering agreed to reimburse SCH for financial advisory services payable to Connaught (UK) Limited (“Connaught”) for amounts equal to (1) 10% of the non-deferred underwriting commission payable to the underwriter, of which $1,400,000 was paid to Connaught upon the closing of SCH’s initial public offering, and (2) 20% of the deferred underwriting commission payable to the underwriter, of which $5,635,000 will be paid to Connaught upon the closing of SCH’s initial business combination. Connaught is an affiliate of SCH, the Sponsor, Mr. Osborne and Mr. Williams.
A party related to our Sponsor and certain of our officers and directors has advanced funds to us for working capital purposes, including $1.33 million as of January 22, 2021. These outstanding advances have been documented in a promissory note, dated as of January 11, 2021 (the “Promissory Note”), issued by SCH to the Sponsor, pursuant to which SCH may borrow up to $2.5 million from the Sponsor (including those amounts which are currently outstanding). The Promissory Note is non-interest bearing, unsecured and due and payable in full on the earlier of October 14, 2022 and the date SCH consummates its initial business combination. If we do not complete our initial business combination within the required period, we may use a portion of our working capital held outside the trust account to repay such advances and any other working capital advances made to us, but no proceeds held in the trust account would be used to repay such advances and any other working capital advances made to us, and such related party may not be able to recover the value it has loaned us and any other working capital advances it may make.
SCH’s officers and directors, and their affiliates are entitled to reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses incurred by them in connection with certain activities on SCH’s behalf, such as identifying and investigating possible business targets and business combinations. However, if SCH fails to consummate a business combination by October 14, 2022, they will not have any claim against the trust account for reimbursement. SCH’s officers and directors, and their affiliates, expect to incur (or guaranty) approximately $11 million of transaction expenses (excluding the deferred underwriting commissions being held in the trust account). Accordingly, SCH may not be able to reimburse these expenses if the Business Combination or another business combination, is not completed by such date.
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Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, the Sponsor and the Sponsor Related PIPE Investors will have customary registration rights, including demand and piggy-back rights, subject to cooperation and cut-back provisions with respect to the shares of SoFi Technologies common stock and warrants held by such parties following the consummation of the Business Combination.
On November 13, 2020, SCH entered into a director restricted stock unit award agreement (the “Director RSU Award”), with Ms. Dulski, providing for the grant of 100,000 restricted stock units to Ms. Dulski, which grant is contingent on both the consummation of an initial business combination with SCH and a shareholder approved equity plan. The Director RSU Award will vest at the Closing but will not settle into shares of SoFi Technologies common stock until a date, selected by SoFi Technologies, that occurs between January 1 and December 31 of the year following the Closing. The 100,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock underlying the Director RSU, if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have had an aggregate market value of $1.5 million based upon the closing price of $15.39 per public share on the NYSE on April 19, 2021, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus.
The Sponsor has agreed to vote in favor of the Business Combination, regardless of how our public shareholders vote. Unlike some other blank check companies in which the initial shareholders agree to vote their shares in accordance with the majority of the votes cast by the public shareholders in connection with an initial business combination, the Sponsor and all of SCH’s directors have agreed to, among other things, vote in favor of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, in each case, subject to the terms and conditions contemplated by the Sponsor Support Agreement. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor (including SCH’s independent directors) owns 20.0% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares of SCH.
At any time at or prior to the Business Combination, subject to applicable securities laws (including with respect to material nonpublic information), the Sponsor, the existing stockholders of SoFi or our or their respective directors, officers, advisors or respective affiliates may (i) purchase public shares from institutional and other investors who vote, or indicate an intention to vote, against any of the Condition Precedent Proposals, or elect to redeem, or indicate an intention to redeem, public shares, (ii) execute agreements to purchase such shares from such investors in the future, or (ii) enter into transactions with such investors and others to provide them with incentives to acquire public shares, vote their public shares in favor of the Condition Precedent Proposals or not redeem their public shares. Such a purchase may include a contractual acknowledgement that such shareholder, although still the record holder of SCH’s shares, is no longer the beneficial owner thereof and therefore agrees not to exercise its redemption rights. In the event that the Sponsor, the existing stockholders of SoFi or our or their respective directors, officers, advisors, or respective affiliates purchase shares in privately negotiated transactions from public shareholders who have already elected to exercise their redemption rights, such selling shareholders would be required to revoke their prior elections to redeem their shares. The purpose of such share purchases and other transactions would be to (x) increase the likelihood of approving the Condition Precedent Proposals and (y) limit the number of public shares electing to redeem, including to satisfy any redemption threshold.
Entering into any such arrangements may have a depressive effect on our common stock (e.g., by giving an investor or holder the ability to effectively purchase shares at a price lower than market, such investor or holder may therefore become more likely to sell the shares he or she owns, either at or prior to the Business Combination). If such transactions are effected, the consequence could be to cause the Business Combination to be consummated in circumstances where such consummation could not otherwise occur. Purchases of shares by the persons described above would allow them to exert more influence over the approval of the proposals to be presented at the extraordinary general meeting and would likely increase the chances that such proposals would be approved. SCH will file or submit a Current Report on Form 8-K to disclose any material arrangements entered into or significant purchases made by any of the aforementioned persons that would affect the vote on the proposals to be put to the extraordinary general meeting or the redemption threshold. Any such report will include descriptions of any arrangements entered into or significant purchases by any of the aforementioned persons.
The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of SCH’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders and what he, she or they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that shareholders vote for the proposals. In addition, SCH’s officers have interests in the Business Combination that may conflict with your interests as a shareholder.
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Interests of SoFi’s Directors and Officers in the Business Combination
When you consider the recommendation of SCH’s board of directors in favor of approval of the BCA Proposal, you should keep in mind that SoFi’s directors and executive officers may have interests in such proposal that are different from, or in addition to, those of SCH shareholders and warrant holders generally. These interests include, among other things, the interests listed below:
Treatment of SoFi Equity Awards in the Business Combination. Under the Merger Agreement, all outstanding stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) granted by SoFi prior to the Closing will be converted to awards for shares of SoFi Technologies common stock that will be subject to the same terms and conditions as were in effect prior to the Closing. See the section entitled “BCA Proposal  — The Merger Agreement — Consideration — Treatment of SoFi Options and Restricted Stock Unit Awards ” for more information.
The amounts listed in the table below represent the number of stock options and/or RSUs to be held by each executive officer and director of SoFi immediately following consummation of the Business Combination. Stock options are stated as total outstanding stock options with the estimated intrinsic value of each executive officer’s and director’s stock options calculated as to the total outstanding stock options for each individual award multiplied by the difference between (i) the $10 fair value of SoFi common stock under the Merger Agreement and (ii) the stock option exercise price. Additionally, RSUs are stated as total outstanding RSUs with the estimated intrinsic value of each executive officer’s and director’s RSUs calculated as to the total outstanding RSUs multiplied by the $10 fair value of SoFi common stock as under the Merger Agreement.
Name(1)
Options
RSUs
Intrinsic
Value
Anthony Noto
11,881,786 7,764,487 $100,556,728 
Christopher Lapointe
— 1,336,720 13,367,205 
Michelle Gill
2,072,661 2,690,744 30,928,269 
Micah Heavener
— 146,749 1,467,489 
Robert Lavet
687,986 310,345 5,200,440 
Jennifer Nuckles
— 996,492 9,964,917 
Maria Renz
— 1,723,746 17,237,457 
Assaf Ronen
— 842,850 8,428,496 
Lauren Stafford Webb
— 287,291 2,872,909 
Aaron J. Webster
— 687,193 6,871,929 
Tom Hutton
569,753 43,544 5,385,806 
Steven Freiberg
556,452 31,669 1,888,329 
Clara Liang
309,850 — 1,139,881 
Magdalena Yeşil
319,212 31,669 1,354,216 
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(1)This table does not include the warrants and common shares disclosed in the beneficial ownership table, which securities will receive no extra or special benefit not shared on a pro rata basis by all other holders of the same class of securities. For further information, see the section entitled “Beneficial Ownership of Securities” below.
Director Compensation.   Following the Business Combination, the SoFi Technologies board of directors intends to adopt a non-employee director compensation practice (“Director Compensation Practice”). At the time of the filing of this prospectus, no amounts of compensation in any form have been determined for directors in connection with the Director Compensation Practice. We intend that the Director Compensation Practice will provide for compensation in the form of cash, equity or a combination of both. At the time of the filing of this prospectus/proxy statement, no amounts of compensation in any form have been determined for directors in connection with the Director Compensation Practice. For more information on the Director Compensation Practice we intend to adopt, see the section entitled “— Director Compensation” below.
Anthony Noto, Ahmed Al-Hammadi and Michael Bingle.   Messrs. Noto, holds, and Al-Hammadi and Bingle may be deemed to have, an indirect economic interest in the Business Combination pursuant to the Series 1 Agreement (as defined below). Under the terms of the Series 1 Agreement, upon consummation of the Business Combination, certain holders of Series 1 preferred stock, including Mr. Noto, an entity affiliated with Qatar Investment Authority, with
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which Mr. Al-Hammadi, one of SoFi’s directors, is affiliated, and certain entities affiliated with Silver Lake, with which Mr. Bingle, one of SoFi’s directors, is affiliated, will be entitled to a cash payment in satisfaction of their special payment rights of $21.8 million, which is subject to adjustment in accordance with the Merger Agreement.
Michel Combes and Carlos Medeiros. Under the terms of the Repurchase Agreement, SoFi Technologies will repurchase $150 million of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock owned by certain investors affiliated with SoftBank. Messrs. Combes and Medeiros, two of SoFi’s directors, have been nominated by, and are affiliated with, SoftBank and may be deemed to have an indirect economic interest in the Business Combination.
Ahmed Al-Hammadi, Michel Combes, Carlos Medeiros and Michael Bingle. Each of Messrs. Al‑Hammadi, Combes, Medeiros and Bingle may be deemed to have an indirect economic interest in the Business Combination pursuant to the Shareholders’ Agreement (defined above). Under the terms of the Shareholders’ Agreement, if, as of the Closing, SoFi Technologies maintains an amount of available cash that exceeds a certain minimum threshold, and the Board of Directors approves the repurchase of SoFi Technologies common stock, then until the earlier of 180 days following the Closing and such time as the amount of such repurchases equals $250 million, SoFi Technologies will offer (i) certain entities affiliated with Silver Lake, with which Mr. Bingle, one of SoFi’s directors, is affiliated, (ii) certain entities affiliated with SoftBank, with which Messrs. Combes and Medeiros, two of SoFi’s directors, is affiliated, (iii) and an entity affiliated with Qatar Investment Authority, with which Mr. Al‑Hammadi, one of SoFi’s directors, is affiliated, the right to sell to SoFi Technologies shares of SoFi Technologies common stock owned by such entities at a price per share equal to $10.00, subject to the Shareholders’ Agreement.
2021 Plan. Effective upon the completion of the Business Combination and in connection with the implementation of the 2021 Plan, we intend to grant awards to certain executive officers representing 3% of our outstanding capital stock following the Business Combination on an as converted basis. Specifically, we shall grant Mr. Noto restricted stock units that will be subject to performance-based vesting conditions. The remaining portion of such 3% pool to be awarded to executive officers, employees and consultants, other than Mr. Noto, cannot be determined at this time, however, they will be subject to the same performance vesting conditions as the Noto PSUs. All other future awards to executive officers, employees and consultants under the 2021 Plan are discretionary and cannot be determined at this time.
Noto PSUs. The restricted stock units we intend to grant to Mr. Noto (“Noto PSUs”) will represent approximately 0.75% of our outstanding capital stock on an as converted basis. The Noto PSUs and the remaining awards to certain officers that shall comprise the 3% pool mentioned above shall vest, if at all, during the period commencing on the first anniversary of the Business Combination and ending on the fifth such anniversary, subject to the achievement of specified performance goals including (i) the volume-weighted average closing price of our stock attaining $25, $35 and $45 (“Target Hurdles”), over a 90-trading day period and (ii) if we become a bank holding company, maintaining certain minimum standards applicable to bank holding companies, subject to continued employment on the date of vesting. In the event of a Sale Event (as defined in the 2021 Plan), the Noto PSUs and awards to certain other officers may automatically vest subject to the satisfaction of the Target Hurdles by reference to the sale price, without regard to any other vesting conditions.
For more information relating to our 2021 Plan, see “ Incentive Plan Proposal” discussed below.
Recommendation to Shareholders of SCH
SCH’s board of directors believes that the BCA Proposal and the other proposals to be presented at the extraordinary general meeting are in the best interest of SCH’s shareholders and unanimously recommends that its shareholders vote “FOR” the BCA Proposal, “FOR” the Domestication Proposal, “FOR” each of the separate Organizational Documents Proposals, “FOR” the Director Election Proposal, “FOR” the Stock Issuance Proposal, “FOR” the Incentive Plan Proposal, “FOR” the Repurchase Proposal and “FOR” the Adjournment Proposal, in each case, if presented to the extraordinary general meeting.
The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of SCH’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders and what he, she or they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that shareholders vote for the proposals. In addition, SCH’s officers have interests in the Business Combination that may conflict with your interests as a shareholder. See the section entitled “BCA Proposal — Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination” for a further discussion of these considerations.
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Sources and Uses of Funds for the Business Combination
The following table summarizes the sources and uses for funding the Business Combination. These figures assume (i) that no public shareholders exercise their redemption rights in connection with the Business Combination or our extension proposal and (ii) that SoFi Technologies issues or, as applicable, reserves for issuance in respect of SoFi Awards outstanding as of immediately prior to the Closing that will be converted into awards based on SoFi Technologies common stock, an aggregate of 657,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock as the Aggregate Merger Consideration pursuant to the Merger Agreement. If the actual facts are different from these assumptions, the below figures will be different.
Sources
Uses
($ in millions)
Cash and investments held in trust account(1)
$805 
Cash on balance sheet
$1,307 
PIPE Investment(2)
$1,225 
Payment of revolving credit facility
$486 
Payment to SoFi preferred shareholders(3)
$22 
Repurchase of common stock
$150 
Transaction fees and expenses(4)
$65 
Total Sources
$2,030 
Total Uses
$2,030 
___________________
(1)Calculated as of December 31, 2020.
(2)Shares issued in the PIPE Investment are at a deemed value of $10.00 per share.
(3)Payment is subject to adjustment in accordance with the Merger Agreement.
(4)Includes deferred underwriting commission of $28.2 million and estimated transaction expenses.
Initially, SoFi intended to use a portion of cash proceeds from the Business Combination at Closing to repay its seller note issued in connection with the acquisition of Galileo. During February 2021, SoFi paid off the seller note for a total payment of $269,864, consisting of outstanding principal of $250,000 and accrued interest of $19,864. The Company now expects to use a portion of the cash proceeds from the Business Combination at Closing to repay the outstanding revolving credit facility balance, which had an outstanding principal balance of $486,000 and accrued interest of $47 as of December 31, 2020.
U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations
For a discussion summarizing the U.S. federal income tax considerations of the Domestication and exercise of redemption rights, see “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations”.
Expected Accounting Treatment
The Domestication
There will be no accounting effect or change in the carrying amount of the consolidated assets and liabilities of the company as a result of the Domestication. The business, capitalization, assets and liabilities and financial statements of SoFi Technologies immediately following the Domestication will be the same as those of SCH immediately prior to the Domestication.
The Business Combination
We expect the Business Combination to be accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with GAAP. Under the guidance in ASC 805, SCH is expected to be treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, the Business Combination is expected to be reflected as the equivalent of SoFi issuing stock for the net assets of SCH, accompanied by a recapitalization whereby no goodwill or other intangible assets are recorded. Operations prior to the Business Combination will be those of SoFi.
Regulatory Matters
Under the HSR Act and the rules that have been promulgated thereunder by the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”), certain transactions may not be consummated unless information has been furnished to the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice (“Antitrust Division”) and the FTC and certain waiting period requirements have been satisfied. The Business Combination is subject to these requirements and may not be completed until the expiration of a 30-day waiting period following the two filings of the required Notification and Report Forms with the Antitrust Division and the FTC or until early
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termination is granted. On January 22, 2021, SCH and SoFi filed the required forms under the HSR Act with respect to the Business Combination with the Antitrust Division and the FTC and requested early termination.
The Business Combination is also subject to (i) the decision of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) either (a) pursuant to a materiality consultation with FINRA, not objecting to the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement and the change of ownership of the broker-dealer subsidiary, or (b) as specified in FINRA Rule 1017, granting approval of the continuing membership application with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement and the change of ownership of SoFi’s broker-dealer subsidiary (the “FINRA Approval”) having been obtained or (ii) thirty (30) days having passed since the submission of a substantially complete continuing membership application, and FINRA having notified SoFi that it does not intend to impose a material membership restriction in connection with the FINRA Approval.
At any time before or after consummation of the Business Combination, notwithstanding termination of the respective waiting periods under the HSR Act, the Department of Justice or the FTC, or any state or foreign governmental authority could take such action under applicable antitrust laws as such authority deems necessary or desirable in the public interest, including seeking to enjoin the consummation of the Business Combination, conditionally approving the Business Combination upon divestiture of assets, subjecting the completion of the Business Combination to regulatory conditions or seeking other remedies. Private parties may also seek to take legal action under the antitrust laws under certain circumstances. SCH cannot assure you that the Antitrust Division, the FTC, any state attorney general or any other government authority will not attempt to challenge the Business Combination on antitrust grounds, and, if such a challenge is made, SCH cannot assure you as to its result.
Neither SCH nor SoFi is aware of any material regulatory approvals or actions required by regulatory authorities for completion of the Business Combination other than the expiration or early termination of the waiting period under the HSR Act and the FINRA Approval. It is presently contemplated that if any such additional regulatory approvals or actions is required, such approvals or actions will be sought. There can be no assurance, however, that any approvals or actions, including any such additional approvals or actions will be obtained.
Emerging Growth Company
SCH is an “emerging growth company”, as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act, and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in SCH’s periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
Further, section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. SCH has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, SCH, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of SCH’s financial statements with certain other public companies difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of: (i) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the closing of SCH’s initial public offering, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common equity that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700.0 million as of the end of the prior fiscal year’s second fiscal quarter; and (ii) the date on which we have issued more than $1.00 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period. We currently anticipate that we will lose our “emerging growth company” status as of the end of the year ended December 31, 2021 based on having issued more than $1.00 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period. References herein to “emerging growth company” will have the meaning associated with it in the JOBS Act.
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Risk Factors
Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this subsection to “we”, “us” or “our” refer to the business of SoFi.
In evaluating the proposals to be presented at the SCH extraordinary general meeting, shareholders should carefully read this proxy statement/prospectus and especially consider the factors discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors”. In particular, such risks include, but are not limited to, the following:
We operate in a rapidly evolving industry, and have limited experience in our Financial Services and Technology Platform segments, which may make it difficult for us to successfully identify and address the risks and uncertainties we face.
We have a history of losses and may not achieve profitability in the future.
We have experienced rapid growth in in parts of our business in recent years, including through the addition of new lines of business, which may place significant demands on our resources.
There is no assurance that our revenue and business model will be successful.
Our results of operations and future prospects depend on our ability to retain existing, and attract new, members. We face intense and increasing competition and, if we do not compete effectively, our competitive positioning and our operating results would be harmed.
We are acquiring a national bank, which is subject to regulatory approvals and other closing conditions, and, if consummated, the acquisition will subject us to significant additional regulation.
Our future growth depends significantly on our marketing efforts, and if our marketing efforts are not successful, our business and results of operations will be harmed.
Legislative and regulatory policies and related actions in connection with student loans could have a material adverse effect on our student loan portfolios and future originations.
Negative publicity could result in a decline in our member growth and impact our ability to compete for lending counterparties and corporate partners, and have a material adverse effect on our business, our brand and our results of operations.
We sell a significant percentage of our loans to a concentrated number of whole loan purchasers and the loss of one or more significant purchasers could have a negative impact on our results.
Our subsidiary, Galileo Financial Technologies, Inc. (“Galileo”), depends on a small number of customers, the loss or disruptions in operations of any of which could have a material adverse effect on its business and negatively impact our financial results and results of operations.
Changes in business, economic, or political conditions could impact our business.
An increase in fraudulent activity could lead to reputational damage to our brand and material legal, regulatory and financial exposure (including fines and other penalties).
COVID-19 pandemic related changes in debt collection practices can harm us by leading to higher losses and depress the prices we may obtain if we seek to sell loans.
Demand for our products may decline if we do not continue to innovate or respond to evolving technological or other changes.
Our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and legislative and regulatory responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and related economic uncertainty could have a material adverse effect on our loan portfolios.
Worsening economic conditions may result in decreased demand for our products, cause our member default rates to increase and harm our results of operations.
We rely on third parties and their systems to process transaction data and for settlement of funds on the SoFi Money and SoFi Credit Card products, and these third parties’ failure to perform these services adequately could materially and adversely affect our business.
We may continue to expand operations abroad where we have limited operating experience and may be subject to increased business, economic and regulatory risks.
If we do not make accurate credit and pricing decisions or effectively forecast our loss rates, our business and financial results will be harmed, and the harm could be material.
If the information provided to us by members is incorrect or fraudulent, we may misjudge a member’s qualification to receive a loan and our results of operations may be harmed.
We offer personal loans which have a limited performance history and therefore have only limited prepayment, loss and delinquency data on such loans on which to base projections.
We service all of the personal loans that we originate and have limited loan servicing experience, and we rely on third parties to service our student loans, home loans and credit cards.
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Higher than expected payment speeds of loans could negatively impact our returns as the holder of the residual interests in securitization trusts holding student, personal and home loans.
If one or more of our warehouse facilities, on which we are highly dependent, is terminated, we may be unable to find replacement financing on favorable terms, or at all.
Increases in member default rates on loans could make us and our loans less attractive to whole loan buyers, lenders under debt warehouse facilities and investors in securitizations.
We require substantial capital and, in the future, may require additional capital to pursue our business objectives and achieve recurring profitability. If adequate capital is not available to us, including due to the cost and availability of funding in the capital markets, our business, operating results and financial condition may be harmed.
We are subject to extensive, complex and evolving laws, rules and regulations, which are interpreted and enforced by various federal, state and local government authorities.
Our Lending segment is highly regulated, and if we fail to comply with federal and state consumer protection laws, rules, regulations and guidance, our business could be adversely affected.
We may become subject to enforcement actions or litigation as a result of our failure to comply with laws and regulations even though noncompliance was inadvertent or unintentional.
Changes in consumer finance and other applicable laws and regulations, as well as changes in enforcement policies and priorities, may negatively impact the management of our business, results of operations, ability to offer certain products or the terms and conditions upon which they are offered, and our ability to compete.
We are subject to the risk that regulatory or enforcement agencies and/or consumer advocacy groups may assert that our business practices may violate certain rules, laws and regulations, including anti-discrimination statutes.
Our Financial Services segment is subject to the regulatory framework applicable to investment management and broker-dealers, including regulation by the SEC and FINRA.
The regulatory regime governing blockchain technologies and cryptocurrencies is uncertain, and new regulations or policies may alter our business practices with respect to cryptocurrency. There has recently been an increased regulatory and enforcement focus in this area.
Failure to comply with anti-money laundering, economic and trade sanctions regulations, and similar laws could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.
We have in the past, and continue to be, subject to inquiries, exams, pending investigations, or enforcement matters.
Regulations relating to privacy, information security, and data protection could increase our costs, affect or limit how we collect and use personal information, and adversely affect our business opportunities.
Litigation, regulatory actions and compliance issues could subject us to significant fines, penalties, judgments, remediation costs, negative publicity, changes to our business model, and requirements resulting in increased expenses.
If we fail to establish and maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting as a public company, our ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements could be impaired, investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting and the trading price of our common stock may decline.
Incorrect estimates or assumptions by management in connection with the preparation of our consolidated financial statements could adversely affect our reported assets, liabilities, income, revenue or expenses.
Our projections are subject to significant risks, assumptions, estimates and uncertainties. As a result, our projected revenues, expenses and profitability may differ materially from our expectations.
Cyber-attacks and other security breaches could have an adverse effect on our business, harm our reputation and expose us to liability.
Various disruptions or failures affecting our platform and/or systems or any third-party processor we utilize could result in slowdowns or wholesale failures to process and enable transactions on our platform, including collecting payments on loans and maintaining accurate accounts.
We are subject to complex and stringent data protection and privacy laws and regulations. Any significant or high profile data privacy breach or violation of data privacy laws could result in the loss of business and reputation, litigation against us, liquidated and other damages, and regulatory investigations and penalties.
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SELECTED HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF SCH
The selected historical statement of operations data of SCH for the period from July 10, 2020 (date of inception) to December 31, 2020 and the selected balance sheet data as of December 31, 2020 are derived from SCH’s audited financial statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. In SCH’s management’s opinion, the audited financial statements include all adjustments necessary to state fairly SCH’s financial position as of December 31, 2020 and the results of operations for the period from July 10, 2020 (date of inception) to December 31, 2020.
SCH’s historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in the future and SCH’s results for the period from July 10, 2020 (date of inception) to December 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other period. The information below is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the sections entitled “SCH’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Information About SCH” and the financial statements, and the notes and schedules related thereto, which are included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus.
SCH is providing the following selected historical financial information to assist you in your analysis of the financial aspects of the Business Combination.
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BALANCE SHEET DATA
As of December 31, 2020
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash$259,714 
Prepaid expenses801,063 
Total Current Assets1,060,777 
Marketable securities held in Trust Account805,017,218 
TOTAL ASSETS$806,077,995 
LIABILITIES, TEMPORARY EQUITY AND PERMANENT EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accrued offering costs$178,450 
Advance from related party5,000 
Total Current Liabilities183,450 
Deferred underwriting fee payable28,175,000 
Warrant liabilities99,281,250 
TOTAL LIABILITIES127,639,700 
Temporary Equity
Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption, 67,342,389 shares at redemption value
673,438,294 
Permanent Equity
Class A ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; 13,157,611 shares issued and outstanding, (excluding 67,342,389 shares subject to possible redemption)1,316 
Class B ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 20,125,000 shares issued and outstanding
2,013 
Additional paid-in capital60,768,065 
Accumulated deficit(55,771,393)
Total Permanent Equity5,000,001 
TOTAL LIABILITIES, TEMPORARY EQUITY AND PERMANENT EQUITY$806,077,995 
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STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA
For the period from July 10, 2020 (inception) to December 31, 2020
Formation and operational costs$663,611 
Loss from operations(663,611)
Other income (expense):
Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account17,218 
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities(55,125,000)
Other expense, net(55,107,782)
Net loss $(55,771,393)
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding, Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption72,920,468 
Basic and diluted net income per share, Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption$0.00 
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding, Non-redeemable ordinary shares22,074,445 
Basic and diluted net loss per share, Non-redeemable ordinary shares$(2.53)
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SELECTED HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF SOFI
The selected consolidated statements of operations data for each of the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 were derived from SoFi’s audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. The selected consolidated statements of operations data for each of the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were derived from SoFi’s audited consolidated financial statements that are not included in this proxy statement/prospectus. In the opinion of management, the selected historical financial information reflects all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for a fair statement of the financial information set forth in these statements. SoFi’s historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.
The information below should be read in conjunction with SoFi’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus, as well as “Risk Factors — Business, Financial and Operational Risks” and “SoFi’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands, except per share data)
2020(3)
2019201820172016
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data(1):
Net interest income
$177,931 $329,834 $259,064 $266,220 $136,731 
Total noninterest income
387,601 112,825 10,335 240,488 141,392 
Total net revenue
565,532 442,659 269,399 506,708 278,123 
Total noninterest expense
894,053 682,258 522,756 456,625 265,592 
Net income (loss)
(224,053)(239,697)(252,399)49,772 12,233 
Comprehensive income (loss)
(224,198)(239,706)(252,378)49,746 12,226 
Earnings (loss) per share – basic(2)
(7.49)(7.00)(7.19)— — 
Earnings (loss) per share – diluted(2)
(7.49)(7.00)(7.19)— — 
___________________
(1)SoFi’s Consolidated Statements of Operations Data reflects the adoption of certain accounting standards updates (“ASU”), for which not all historical periods were required to be updated based on the transition method selected. See Note 1 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus under “Recently Adopted Accounting Standards” for a discussion of newly adopted ASUs and their impact on the consolidated financial statements.
(2)See Note 16 to SoFi’s Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for a description of the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share.
(3)See Note 2 to SoFi’s Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for information regarding two acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2020, one of which was a material acquisition in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, but was not a significant acquisition under Regulation S-X, Rule 3-05, Financial Statements of Businesses Acquired or to be Acquired.
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($ in thousands)
As of December 31,
2020(2)
2019201820172016
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data(1):
Cash and cash equivalents
$872,582 $499,486 $325,114 $245,584 $218,023 
Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents
450,846 190,720 211,889 235,165 144,745 
Loans
4,879,303 5,387,958 7,211,989 8,754,825 6,606,189 
Total assets
8,563,499 7,289,160 8,549,928 9,673,562 7,083,609 
Debt
4,798,925 4,688,378 6,201,523 6,913,043 5,211,354 
Total liabilities
5,509,928 5,188,491 6,727,796 7,642,879 5,678,860 
Redeemable preferred stock(3)
3,173,686 2,439,731 1,890,554 1,890,554 1,409,888 
Total permanent equity (deficit)
(120,115)(339,062)(68,422)140,129 (5,139)
___________________
(1)SoFi’s Balance Sheet Data reflect the adoption of certain ASUs, for which not all historical periods were required to be updated based on the transition method selected. See Note 1 to SoFi’s Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus under “Recently Adopted Accounting Standards” for a discussion of newly adopted ASUs and their impact on the consolidated financial statements.
(2)See Note 2 to SoFi’s Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for information regarding two acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2020, one of which was a material acquisition in accordance with ASC 805, but was not a significant acquisition under Regulation S-X, Rule 3-05, Financial Statements of Businesses Acquired or to be Acquired.
(3)Redeemable preferred stock is presented within temporary equity on the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 10 to SoFi’s Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for more information on the SoFi preferred.
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SELECTED UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
The following selected unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been derived from the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 and the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020, included in “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information”.
The selected unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information should be read in conjunction with the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet and the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations, and the accompanying notes. In addition, the unaudited condensed combined pro forma financial information was based on and should be read in conjunction with the historical financial statements of SCH and SoFi, including the accompanying notes, which are included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared assuming two alternative levels of redemption into cash of SCH Class A ordinary shares:
Assuming No Redemptions:   This presentation assumes that no SCH shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their public shares.
Assuming Maximum Redemptions:   This presentation assumes that all SCH public shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their public shares. This scenario assumes that 80,500,000 public shares are redeemed for an aggregate redemption payment of approximately $805,017, including interest accrued on Trust account. The maximum redemption scenario is based on the Minimum Cash Condition, consisting of Trust Account funds and PIPE proceeds, of $900,000 to be contributed at Closing of the Business Combination.
Historical
Pro forma
(in thousands, except per share data)
SCH
SoFi
No
redemption
scenario
Maximum
redemption
scenario
Statement of Operations Data – For the Year Ended December 31, 2020
Total net revenue
$17 $565,532 $571,286 $571,286 
Total noninterest expense
55,788 894,053 951,121 951,121 
Loss before income taxes
(55,771)(328,521)(379,835)(379,835)
Net loss
(55,771)(224,053)(275,367)(275,367)
Comprehensive loss
(55,771)(224,198)(275,512)(275,512)
Basic and diluted net income per share, Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption
0.00 n/an/an/a
Basic and diluted net loss per share(1)
(2.53)(7.49)(0.34)(0.38)
___________________
(1)Net loss per share is based on:
SCH — weighted average number of shares of SCH Class A and Class B ordinary shares outstanding for the period from July 10, 2020 (date of inception) through December 31, 2020.
SoFi — weighted average number of shares of SoFi common stock outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Pro forma — number of shares of Class A ordinary shares of SoFi Technologies expected to be outstanding after the close of the Business Combination.
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Historical
Pro forma
(in thousands)
SCH
SoFi
No redemption scenario
Maximum redemption scenario
Balance Sheet Data – As of December 31, 2020
Total assets
$806,078 

$8,563,499 

$9,868,776 

$9,063,759 
Total liabilities
127,640 5,509,928 5,079,976 5,079,976 
Class A ordinary shares, subject to possible redemption673,438 — — — 
Redeemable preferred stock
— 3,173,686 320,374 320,374 
Total permanent equity (deficit)
5,000 (120,115)4,468,426 3,663,409 
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COMPARATIVE PER SHARE DATA
(In Thousands, Except for Share and Per Share Amounts)
The following tables set forth:
historical per share information of SCH for the period from July 10, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020;
historical per share information of SoFi for the year ended December 31, 2020; and
unaudited pro forma per share information of SoFi Technologies for the year ended December 31, 2020 after giving effect to the Business Combination, assuming two redemption scenarios as follows:
Assuming No Redemptions:   This presentation assumes that no SCH’s shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their public shares.
Assuming Maximum Redemptions:   This presentation assumes that all SCH’s public shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their public shares. This scenario assumes that 80,500,000 public shares are redeemed for an aggregate redemption payment of approximately $805,017, including interest accrued on Trust account. The maximum redemption scenario is based on the Minimum Cash Condition, consisting of Trust Account funds and PIPE proceeds, of $900,000 to be contributed at Closing of the Business Combination.
The pro forma book value information reflects the Business Combination as if it had occurred on December 31, 2020. The weighted average shares outstanding and net earnings per share information reflect the Business Combination as if it had occurred on January 1, 2020.
This information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the historical financial statements of SCH and SoFi and related notes included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. The unaudited pro forma combined per share information of SCH and SoFi is derived from, and should be read in conjunction with, the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus.
The unaudited pro forma combined net loss per share information below does not purport to represent the net loss per share which would have occurred had the companies been combined during the periods presented, nor earnings per share for any future date or period. The unaudited pro forma combined book value per share information below does not purport to represent what the value of SCH and SoFi would have been had the companies been combined during the periods presented.
Historical
Pro Forma
Equivalent Pro Forma(3)
SCH
SoFi
No
redemption
scenario
Maximum
redemption
scenario
No
redemption
scenario
Maximum
redemption
scenario
As of December 31, 2020
Book Value per share(1)
$0.15 $(1.82)$5.55 $5.06 $9.85 $8.97 
For the Year Ended December 31, 2020
Net income per share, Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption – basic and diluted$0.00 n/an/an/an/an/a
Net loss per share – basic and diluted(2)
$(2.53)$(7.49)$(0.34)$(0.38)$(0.61)$(0.67)
___________________
(1)Book value per share is calculated as:
SCH — total permanent equity of SCH divided by SCH Class A and Class B ordinary shares outstanding as of December 31, 2020.
SoFi — total permanent deficit of SoFi divided by SoFi common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2020.
Pro forma — total permanent equity of SoFi Technologies divided by Class A ordinary shares of SoFi Technologies expected to be outstanding after the close of the Business Combination.
(2)Net loss per share is based on:
SCH — weighted average number of shares of SCH Class A and Class B ordinary shares outstanding for the period from July 10, 2020 (date of inception) through December 31, 2020.
SoFi — weighted average number of shares of SoFi common stock outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Pro forma — number of shares of Class A ordinary shares of SoFi Technologies expected to be outstanding after the close of the Business Combination.
(3)The equivalent pro forma basic and diluted per share data is calculated by multiplying the pro forma per share data by the Base Exchange Ratio of 1.7734.
No cash dividends were declared on common stock during the periods presented.
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MARKET PRICE AND DIVIDEND INFORMATION
SCH units, Class A ordinary shares and public warrants are currently listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbols “IPOE.U” and “IPOE” and “IPOE.WS”, respectively.
The most recent closing prices of the units, common stock and redeemable warrants as of January 7, 2021, the last trading day before announcement of the execution of the Merger Agreement, were $20.85, $19.14 and $6.03, respectively. As of April 5, 2021, the record date for the extraordinary general meeting, the most recent closing price for each unit, common stock and redeemable warrant was $18.21, $16.72 and $5.56, respectively.
Holders of the units, public shares and public warrants should obtain current market quotations for their securities. The market price of SCH’s securities could vary at any time before the Business Combination.
Holders
As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus there was one holder of record of SCH Class A ordinary shares, two holders of record of SCH Class B ordinary shares, one holder of record of SCH units and two holders of SCH warrants. See “Beneficial Ownership of Securities”.
Dividend Policy
SCH has not paid any cash dividends on its Class A ordinary shares to date and does not intend to pay cash dividends prior to the completion of the Business Combination. The payment of cash dividends in the future will be dependent upon the revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements and general financial condition of SoFi Technologies subsequent to completion of the Business Combination. The payment of any cash dividends subsequent to the Business Combination will be within the discretion of SoFi Technologies’ board of directors. SCH’s board of directors is not currently contemplating and does not anticipate declaring stock dividends nor is it currently expected that the board of directors of SoFi Technologies will declare any dividends in the foreseeable future. Further, the ability of SoFi Technologies to declare dividends may be limited by the terms of financing or other agreements entered into by SoFi Technologies or its subsidiaries from time to time.
Price Range of SoFi’s Securities
Historical market price information regarding SoFi is not provided because there is no public market for SoFi’s securities. For information regarding SoFi’s liquidity and capital resources, see “SoFi’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources”.
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RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information contained in this proxy statement/prospectus, including the matters addressed under the heading “Forward-Looking Statements”, you should carefully consider the following risk factors in deciding how to vote on the proposals presented in this proxy statement/prospectus. The risk factors described below disclose both material and other risks, and are not intended to be exhaustive and are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows in future periods or are not identified because they are generally common to businesses.
Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this subsection to “we”, “us” or “our” refer to the business of Social Finance, Inc. (“SoFi”) prior to Closing, which will be the business of SoFi Technologies and its subsidiaries following Closing. The occurrence of one or more of the events or circumstances described in these risk factors, alone or in combination with other events or circumstances, may have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and future prospects of SoFi Technologies, in which event the market price of SoFi Technologies common stock could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment.
Business, Financial and Operational Risks
We operate in a rapidly evolving industry, and have limited experience in our Financial Services and Technology Platform segments, which may make it difficult for us to successfully identify and address the risks and uncertainties we face.
We operate in a rapidly evolving industry, and have limited experience in our Financial Services and Technology Platform segments, which may make it difficult to evaluate our business and future prospects. In particular, we have limited experience offering cash management and investment services and technology solutions. We face numerous challenges to our success, including our ability to:
increase or maintain the number, volume and types of, and add new features to, the loans we extend to our members as the market for loans evolves and as we face new and increasing competitive threats;
increase the number of members utilizing non-lending SoFi products, and maintain and build on the loyalty of existing members by increasing their use of new or additional SoFi products;
successfully maintain and enhance our diversified funding strategy, including through securitization financing from consolidated and nonconsolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”), whole loan sales and debt warehouse facilities;
further establish, diversify and refine our cash management, investment and brokerage offerings to meet evolving consumer needs and preferences;
diversify our sources of revenue;
favorably compete with other companies, including traditional and alternative technology-enabled lenders and broker dealers;
introduce new products or other offerings to meet the needs of our existing and prospective members or to keep pace with competitive lending, cash management, investment and other developments;
maintain or increase the effectiveness of our direct marketing, and other sales and marketing efforts;
successfully navigate economic conditions and fluctuations in the credit markets;
establish fraud prevention strategies that proactively identify threat vectors and mitigate losses;
defend the SoFi platform from information security vulnerabilities, cyberattacks or malicious attacks;
effectively manage the growth of our business;
effectively manage our expenses;
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obtain debt or equity capital on attractive terms or at all;
successfully continue to expand internationally;
adequately respond to macroeconomic and other exogenous challenges, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic; and
anticipate and react to changes in an evolving regulatory and political environment.
We may not be able to successfully address the risks and uncertainties we face, which could negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and future prospects.
We have a history of losses and may not achieve profitability in the future.
Our net losses were $224.1 million, $239.7 million and $252.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, we had a total permanent deficit of $120.1 million. We may continue to incur net losses in the future, and such losses may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter. We will need to generate and sustain significant revenues for our business generally, and achieve greater scale and generate greater operating cash flows from our Financial Services segment in particular, in future periods in order to achieve, maintain or increase our level of profitability. We intend to continue to invest in sales and marketing, technology and new products and services in order to enhance our brand recognition and our value proposition to our members, and these additional costs will create further challenges to generating near term profitability. We also expect general and administrative expenses to increase to meet the increased compliance and other requirements associated with operating as a public company and evolving regulatory requirements. In addition, we are acquiring a national bank charter and operating a bank may significantly increase our compliance costs. See — “We are acquiring a national bank, which is subject to regulatory approvals and other closing conditions, and, if consummated, the acquisition will subject us to significant additional regulation.
Our efforts to grow our business may be more costly than we expect, and we may not be able to increase our revenue sufficiently to offset our higher operating expenses. We may continue to incur losses and not achieve future profitability or, if achieved, be unable to maintain such profitability, due to a number of reasons, including the risks described in this proxy statement/prospectus, unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications and delays, and other unknown events.
We have experienced rapid growth in recent years, including through the addition of new lines of business, which may place significant demands on our operational, risk management, sales and marketing, technology, compliance, and finance and accounting resources.
Our rapid growth in certain areas of our business in recent years, primarily within our Financial Services and Technology segments, has placed significant demands on our operational, risk management, sales and marketing, technology, compliance, and finance and accounting infrastructure, and has resulted in increased expenses, a trend that we expect to continue as our business is growing. In addition, we are required to continuously develop and adapt our systems and infrastructure in response to the increasing sophistication of the consumer financial services market, evolving fraud and information security landscape, and regulatory developments relating to existing and projected business activities. Our future growth will depend, among other things, on our ability to maintain an operating platform and management system apt to address such growth, and will require us to incur significant additional expenses, expand our workforce and commit additional senior management and operational resources. We may not be able to manage supporting and expanding our operations effectively, and any failure to do so would adversely affect our ability to increase the scale of our business, generate projected revenue and control expenses.
There is no assurance that our revenue and business model will be successful.
We are continually refining our revenue and business model, which is premised on creating a virtuous cycle for our members to engage in more products across the SoFi platform, a strategy we refer to as the Financial Services Productivity Loop. There is no assurance that these efforts will be successful or that we will generate revenues commensurate with our efforts and expectations, or become profitable. We may be forced to make significant changes to our revenue and business model to compete with our competitors’ offerings, and even if such changes are undertaken, there is no guarantee that they will be successful. Additionally, we will likely be required to hire, train and integrate qualified personnel to meet and further our business objectives, and our ability to successfully do so is uncertain.
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Our results of operations and future prospects depend on our ability to retain existing, and attract new, members. We face intense and increasing competition and, if we do not compete effectively, our competitive positioning and our operating results will be harmed.
We refer to our customers as “members”. We define a member as someone who has a lending relationship with us via origination or servicing, opened a financial services account, linked an external account to our platform, or signed up for our credit score monitoring service. We operate in a rapidly changing and highly competitive industry, and our results of operations and future prospects depend on, among others:
the continued growth of our member base,
our ability to monetize our member base, including through the use of additional products by our existing members,
our ability to acquire members at a lower cost, and
our ability to increase the overall value to us of each of our members while they remain on our platform (which we refer to as a member’s lifetime value).
We expect our competition to continue to increase, as there are generally no substantial barriers to entry to the markets we serve. In addition to established enterprises, we may also face competition from early-stage companies attempting to capitalize on the same, or similar, opportunities as we are. Some of our current and potential competitors have longer operating histories, particularly with respect to our financial services products, significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources and a larger customer base than we do. This allows them, among others, to potentially offer more competitive pricing or other terms or features, a broader range of financial products, or a more specialized set of specific products or services, as well as respond more quickly than we can to new or emerging technologies and changes in member preferences. Our existing or future competitors may develop products or services that are similar to our products and services or that achieve greater market acceptance than our products and services. This could attract new members away from our services and reduce our market share in the future. Additionally, when new competitors seek to enter our markets, or when existing market participants seek to increase their market share, these competitors sometimes undercut, or otherwise exert pressure on, the pricing terms prevalent in that market, which could adversely affect our market share and/or ability to capitalize on new market opportunities.
We currently compete at multiple levels with a variety of competitors, including:
other personal loan, student loan refinancing, in-school student loan and home loan lenders, including traditional banks, as well as credit card issuers, that can offer more competitive interest rates or terms;
traditional banks and other non-bank financial institutions for cash management accounts like SoFi Money;
other brokerage firms, including online or mobile platforms, for investment accounts in SoFi Invest;
other technology platforms for the enterprise services we provide, such as technology platform services via our subsidiary, Galileo Financial Technologies, LLC (“Galileo”);
for subscribers to our financial services content, including content from alternative providers available to our subscribers through SoFi’s Lantern service, which is an independent financial services aggregator providing marketplace lending products, and various enterprise partnerships; and
other financial services firms offering leading employers a comprehensive platform for employees to build financial well-being through student loan and 529 educational plan contributions, educational tools, and financial resources, all of which we provide through SoFi at Work.
We compete with traditional banks for many of the services we offer in our Financial Services segment. Because we do not currently control a bank or a bank holding company, we are subject to regulation by a variety of state and federal regulators across our products and services and we rely on third-party banks to provide banking services to our members. This regulation by federal, state and local authorities increases our compliance costs, particularly for our lending business, as we navigate multiple regimes with different examination schedules and processes, varying disclosure requirements, and at times conflicting consumer protection laws. In addition, our ability to compete may be hampered in certain states where the amount of interest we are permitted to charge consumers is capped and we are consequently unable to make loans to all the consumers that we
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believe may be qualified but to whom we cannot offer the appropriate risk-adjusted margin. See “Information About SoFi — Government Regulation — Bank Acquisition” and “SoFi’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsExecutive Overview” for a summary of the additional measures required in our efforts to acquire a national bank.
We believe that our ability to compete depends upon many factors both within and beyond our control, including, among others, the following:
the size, diversity and activity levels of our member base;
our ability to introduce successful new products or services;
the timing and market acceptance of products and services, including developments and enhancements to those products and services, offered by us and our competitors;
member service and support efforts;
selling and marketing efforts;
the ease of use, performance, price and reliability of solutions developed either by us or our competitors;
changes in economic conditions, regulatory and policy developments;
our ability to successfully acquire a national bank subsidiary;
our ability to successfully execute on the Financial Services Productivity Loop and our other business plans;
general credit markets conditions and their impact on our liquidity and ability to access funding;
the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lending and financial services markets we serve; and
our brand strength relative to our competitors.
Our current and future business prospects demand that we act to meet these competitive challenges but, in doing so, our net revenue and results of operations could be adversely affected if we, for example, increase marketing expenditures or make other expenditures. Competitive pressures could also result in us reducing the annual percentage rate on the loans we originate, incurring higher member acquisition costs and could make it more difficult for us to grow our loan originations in both number of loans and volume for new as well as existing members. All of the foregoing factors and events could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and future prospects.
We are acquiring a national bank, which is subject to regulatory approvals and other closing conditions, and, if consummated, the acquisition will subject us to significant additional regulation.
We believe a national bank charter will improve our capital efficiency, provide funding resilience and regulatory clarity, and generate improved margins. In March 2021, we entered into an agreement to acquire Golden Pacific Bancorp, Inc., a bank holding company, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Golden Pacific Bank, National Association, a national bank. The acquisition is subject to approval from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”) and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the “OCC”) under the Bank Holding Company Act and the National Bank Act, respectively, as well as other customary closing conditions, all of which we anticipate can be completed by the end of 2021. Our ability to obtain the requisite approvals for the acquisition depends on the bank regulators’ views as to our capital levels, quality of management, and overall condition, in addition to their assessment of a variety of other factors, including our compliance with law. In that vein, we have been developing a financial and bank capitalization plan and may need to enhance our governance, compliance, controls and management infrastructure and capabilities in order to be compliant with all applicable regulations and operate to the satisfaction of the banking regulators, which may require substantial time, monetary and human resource commitments. If we are not successful in developing a financial and bank capitalization plan or enhancing, as needed, our governance, compliance, controls and management infrastructure and capabilities, our ability to obtain a national bank charter may be jeopardized.
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Ultimately, if we are unable to obtain a national bank charter due to a failure to obtain the necessary regulatory approvals for the acquisition of Golden Pacific Bancorp, Inc. and its national bank subsidiary, Golden Pacific Bank, National Association, then our ability to improve our capital efficiency, funding resilience, margins, and our stock price, may be adversely affected. Our stock price may also decline to the extent that the current market price reflects a market assumption that we would obtain a national bank charter. In addition, we will have spent substantial time and resources, and would recognize substantial expenses in connection with the negotiation and documentation of a bank acquisition without realizing the expected benefits of obtaining a bank charter. Without a national bank charter, we would be required to continue to maintain state-specific licenses for certain of our consumer loans and financial services products.
Further, if the acquisition successfully closes and we do obtain a national bank charter through our ownership of Golden Pacific Bank, National Association, we will become subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the Federal Reserve as well as other federal bank regulators. See “Information About SoFi — Government Regulation — Bank Formation or Acquisition. Our efforts to comply with such additional regulation may require substantial time, monetary and human resource commitments. If any new regulations or interpretations of existing regulations to which we are subject impose requirements on us that are impractical or that we cannot satisfy, our financial performance, and our stock price, may be adversely affected.
Additionally, should we successfully acquire a national bank charter through our ownership of Golden Pacific Bank, National Association or otherwise, certain of our stockholders may need to comply with applicable federal banking statutes and regulations, including the Change in Bank Control Act and the Bank Holding Company Act. Specifically, stockholders holding 10.0% or more of our voting interests may be required to provide certain information and/or commitments on a confidential basis to, among other regulators, the Federal Reserve. This requirement may deter certain existing or potential stockholders from purchasing shares of SoFi Technologies’ common stock, which may suppress demand for the stock and cause the price to decline.
Our future growth depends significantly on our marketing efforts, and if our marketing efforts are not successful, our business and results of operations will be harmed.
We have dedicated and intend to continue to dedicate significant resources to marketing efforts. Our ability to attract members depends in large part on the success of these marketing efforts and the success of the marketing channels we use to promote our products. Our marketing channels include, but are not limited to, social media, traditional media such as the press, online affiliations, search engine optimization, search engine marketing, offline partnerships, preapproved direct mailings and television advertising.
While our goal remains to increase the strength, recognition and trust in the SoFi brand by increasing our member base and expanding our products and services, if any of our current marketing channels becomes less effective, if we are unable to continue to use any of these channels, if the cost of using these channels was to significantly increase or if we are not successful in generating new channels, we may not be able to attract new members in a cost-effective manner or increase the platform activity of our members. If we are unable to recover our marketing costs through increases in the size, value or overall number of loans we originate, or other SoFi product selection and utilization, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and future prospects.
Legislative and regulatory policies and related actions in connection with student loans could have a material adverse effect on our student loan portfolios.
In recent years, there has been increased focus by policymakers on outstanding student loans, including, among other things, on the total volume of outstanding loans and on the number of loans outstanding per borrower. In response, there has been discussion of potential legislative and regulatory actions and other possible steps to, among other things:
permit private education loans such as our refinanced student loan and in-school student loan products to be discharged in bankruptcy without the need to show undue hardship;
amend the federal postsecondary education loan programs, including to reduce interest rates on certain loans, to revise repayment plans, to implement loan forgiveness plans, to provide for refinancing of private education loans into federal student loans at low interest rates, to reduce or eliminate the Grad PLUS program (which authorizes loans that comprise a substantial portion of our student loan refinancing business) and to provide for refinancing of existing federally held student loans into new federal student loans at low interest rates;
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require private education lenders to reform loan agreements to provide for income-based repayment plans and other government payment plans; and
make sweeping changes to the entire cost structure and financial aid system for higher education in the United States, including proposals to provide free postsecondary education.
As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, the new presidential administration has endorsed canceling $10,000 in federal student debt per borrower, among other things, making private student loans easier to discharge in bankruptcy, and providing for free public college and university tuition for certain students. Prominent politicians have also advocated for executive action to forgive student loan debt. It is unclear whether the new presidential administration would seek to accomplish these actions through Executive Order or through legislation. If student loans were forgiven or canceled in any meaningful scale, our profitability, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows or future business prospects could be materially and adversely affected as a result. In particular, our student loan refinancing business within our Lending segment, which is our largest segment, would be materially and adversely affected. There has also been pressure on policymakers to address underlying factors that contributed to the current volume of outstanding student loans, such as the cost of higher education and the ability for additional methods by the federal government and other organizations to subsidize the same, such as through increased use of Pell grants in lieu of loans. Further, proposals to eliminate or amend Section 523(a)(8) of the Bankruptcy Code that student loans are non-dischargeable in bankruptcy could make investors less likely to purchase our student loans. If steps were taken to materially reduce future demand by students for student loan refinancing and in-school student loan products, our student loan originations would be materially and adversely affected. As a result of any material adverse effect to our Lending segment, our overall profitability, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows or future business prospects may be adversely affected. See “— COVID-19 Pandemic Risks — Legislative and regulatory responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and related economic uncertainty could have a material adverse effect on our student loan portfolios.
Negative publicity could result in a decline in our member growth and impact our ability to compete for lending counterparties and corporate partners, and have a material adverse effect on our business, our brand and our results of operations.
We have invested significantly in the SoFi brand. We believe that maintaining and enhancing our brand identity is critical to our relationships with existing members and partners, particularly lending counterparties, marketing partners and other corporate partners, and to our ability to attract new members and partners. Our ability to compete for and maintain members, lending counterparties and other corporate partners relies to a large extent on their trust in our business and the value of our brand. The failure or perceived failure to maintain our brand could adversely affect our brand value, financial condition and results of operations. Negative publicity can adversely affect our reputation and damage our brand, and may arise from many sources, including actual or alleged misconduct, errors or improper business practices by employees, employee claims of discrimination or harassment, product failures, existing or future litigation or regulatory actions, inadequate protection of consumer information, data breaches, matters affecting our financial reporting or compliance with Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and exchange listing requirements, and media coverage, whether accurate or not. Negative publicity or allegations of unfavorable business practices, poor governance, or workplace misconduct can be rapidly and widely shared over social or traditional media or other means, and could reduce demand for our products, undermine the loyalty of our members and the confidence of our lending counterparties, impact our partnerships, reduce our ability to recruit and retain employees, or lead to greater regulatory scrutiny of our operations. In addition, we and our officers, directors and/or employees have been, and may in the future be, named or otherwise involved in litigation or claims, including employment-related claims such as workplace discrimination or harassment, which could result in negative publicity and/or adversely impact our business, even if we are ultimately successful in defending against such claims.
We may experience fluctuations in our quarterly operating results.
We could experience fluctuations in our quarterly operating results due to a number of factors, including changes in the fair values of our financial instruments (including, but not limited to, our loans and certain warrants assumed in connection with the Business Combination), the level of our expenses, the degree to which we encounter competition in our markets, general economic conditions, the rate and credit market environment, legal or regulatory developments, legislative or policy changes and the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. In light of these factors, results for any period should not be relied upon as being indicative of performance in future periods.
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We sell a significant percentage of our loans to a concentrated number of whole loan purchasers and the loss of one or more significant purchasers could have a negative impact on our operating results.
We sell our personal, student and home loans to a concentrated number of whole loan purchasers. Our top five whole loan purchasers by total purchase price accounted for approximately 60% and 34% of the aggregate principal balance of our loans sold during the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the two largest third-party buyers accounted for a combined 49% of our loan sales volume. During the year ended December 31, 2019, our largest loan purchaser accounted for approximately 10% of the aggregate principal balance of our loans sold. See Note 15 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. There are inherent risks whenever a large percentage of a business is concentrated with a limited number of parties. It is not possible for us to predict the future level of demand for our loans by these or other purchasers. In addition, purchases of our loans by these purchasers have historically fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate based on a number of factors, some of which may be outside of our control, including economic conditions, the availability of alternative investments, changes in the or terms of the loans, loans offered by other entities and prevailing interest rates. If any of these purchasers significantly reduce the dollar amount of the loans they purchase from us, we may be unable to sell those loans to another purchaser on favorable terms or at all, which may have a material adverse effect on our revenues, results of operations, liquidity and cash flows.
Our reported financial results may be adversely affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, the SEC and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial results, and could affect the reporting of transactions completed before the announcement of a change.
COVID-19 Pandemic Risks
Our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Occurrences of epidemics or pandemics, depending on their scale, may cause different degrees of disruption to the regional, state and local economies in which we offer our products and services. The current COVID-19 pandemic has had and could continue to have a material adverse effect on the value, operating results and financial condition of our business.
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused substantial changes in consumer and student behavior, restrictions on business and individual activities and high unemployment rates, which have led to reduced economic activity. Extraordinary actions taken by international, federal, state, and local public health and governmental authorities to contain and combat the outbreak and spread of COVID-19 in regions throughout the world, including travel bans, quarantines, “stay-at-home” orders, suspension of interest accrual and collections on certain federally-backed student loans, and similar mandates for many individuals and businesses to substantially restrict daily activities have led to a decrease in consumer activity generally. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on consumer finances and on employment levels, which could lead to lower demand for loans, higher loan delinquencies and less spending and investing on the SoFi platform, all of which would have a negative impact on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
While the extent and duration of the economic slowdown and high unemployment rates attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic remain uncertain at this time, particularly as new strains of the virus emerge and create potential challenges to vaccination efforts, a continued significant economic slowdown could have a substantial adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, COVID-19 has had, and may continue to have, the following adverse effects on our business and results of operations, among others:
Reduced borrower approval rates, including as a result of credit eligibility and other adjustments;
Reduced consumer demand for our student loan products, including lower origination volume and average balances of our student loans;
Lower average balances of our personal loans as a result of changes in consumer demand and adjustments to our credit decisioning process and credit criteria;
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Temporary seizing of the capital markets, including decreased demand for asset-backed securities, which seizure could become longer term or permanent;
Mark-to-market calls on certain of our securities, including negative fair value adjustments and liquidity concerns associated with the margin calls;
Impeded liquidity and negative fair value adjustments with respect to our loans and securitization investments; and
Decreased consumer loan servicing revenue as a result of the required availability of forbearances, moratoriums on certain debt collection activities, and waivers of late fees.
The COVID-19 pandemic has also had an impact on the behavior of existing and prospective university students seeking higher education. According to the National Student Clearinghouse, there has been a material decline in the number of students entering college in the class of 2024 as compared to the number of students in the class of 2023, which has contributed in part, and may continue to contribute, to a reduction in the volume and amount of the in-school loans we originate and student loans we refinance. Additionally, in response to the impacts of COVID-19, among other factors, the Federal Reserve announced in September 2020 that it plans to continue a policy of maintaining interest rates at historically low levels. While low interests rates often increase immediate demand for our student loan refinancing product, they also lock-in low rates of interest for current students, which decreases demand for a refinanced student loan in the future. Our student loan origination volume declined 26% in the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the prior year. This decline was due to both reduced demand resulting from legislative and regulatory actions taken in response to COVID-19 as described in more detail in these risk factors, and a reduced marketing effort on our part in order to ensure that we had sufficient liquidity to accommodate our student loan volume. There have been, and may continue to be, other factors that put downward pressure on demand for our student loan products. See “ — Business, Financial and Operational Risks — Legislative and regulatory policies and related actions in connection with student loans could have a material adverse effect on our student loan portfolios”.
Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on demand by consumers, which has contributed, and may continue to contribute, to a reduction in the volume and amount of the personal loans we originate, and the corresponding revenue we generate. Our personal loan origination volume declined 31% in the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the prior year. There are multiple reasons for this reduction in demand, including a conscious decision on our part to reduce marketing efforts and to tighten our credit standards, but the reduction in consumer demand is also attributable to changing consumer behavior. Specifically, debt consolidation is the primary driver of demand for our personal loan product. However, credit card spend by consumers is down 9% in the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to pre-COVID-19 levels, resulting in reduced overall demand for debt consolidation products.
See “SoFi’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of our Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Key Business Metrics and — Results of Operations” for further discussion of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in recent periods on our business and operating results. The COVID-19 pandemic, and its impact, may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described herein.
Changes driven by the COVID-19 pandemic in debt collection practices can harm us by leading to higher losses and depress the prices we may obtain if we seek to sell loans.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, states and other regulatory authorities across the United States are implementing various debt collection restrictions, including in some cases bans on collections or creditors’ normal legal remedies. To the extent these regimes apply to us, they could limit our ability to service our defaulted loans and pursue collections from members, which in turn could lead to higher losses and associated loss rates. The same restrictions could negatively impact prices available in the secondary debt markets and debt buyers’ ability to operate and finance their businesses. As a result, if we seek to sell our loans, including charged-off loans, to third-party debt buyers, sale prices may be materially lower than prices that would be available absent the current environment.
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Legislative and regulatory responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and related economic uncertainty could have a material adverse effect on our loan portfolios.
Legislative and regulatory responses to the COVID-19 pandemic could have a significant impact on our student loan portfolios. On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was signed into law. In compliance with the CARES Act, payments and interest accrual on all loans owned by the Department of Education were suspended through September 30, 2020 and were further extended by executive action through September 30, 2021. Additionally, on March 25, 2020, the Department of Education announced that private collection agencies were required to stop making outbound collection calls and sending letters or billing statements to borrowers in default on such federally held loans. As a result of such forbearance measures and protections, borrowers might lack the incentive to refinance their student loans with us, which could negatively impact our business.
Additionally, while the CARES Act applies only to loans owned by the Department of Education, several states have adopted various initiatives to suspend payment obligations for private student loan borrowers in those states and we have suspended payment obligations by our members and interest accrual on loans in response, where applicable. In addition, in April 2020, various restrictions around the servicing and collection of private education loans were enacted by certain states. We believe we are in compliance with all such restrictions.
We have also established a number of hardship or forbearance plans, including: (i) student loan forbearance of payments for an initial 60 days with an optional 30-day extension available to members demonstrating continued need; (ii) personal loan forbearance of payments for an initial 30 days with an optional 30-day extension available to members demonstrating continued need; and (iii) home loan forbearance of payments consistent with FNMA servicing guidelines for an initial 90 days with possible extensions available to members demonstrating continued need.
The various legislative and regulatory responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly the mandatory suspension of payments and interest accrual on federally held loans, as well as our own forbearance measures to assist our members, are likely to serve as a disincentive for borrowers to refinance their loans through the SoFi platform, thereby reducing our loan origination volume and negatively impacting our revenue. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to increasing pressure on policymakers to reduce or cancel student loans at a significant scale. See “ — Business, Financial and Operational Risks — Legislative and regulatory policies and related actions in connection with student loans could have a material adverse effect on our student loan portfolios”.
Although we are evaluating the ultimate impact of recently adopted local, state and federal legislation and regulation, guidance and actions, future legislative actions, and the on-going impact of our own forbearance measures on our financial results, business operations and strategies, there is no guarantee that our estimates will be accurate or that any actions we take based on such estimates will be successful. Furthermore, we believe that the cost of responding to, and complying with, evolving laws and regulations, as well as any guidance from enforcement actions, will continue to increase, as will the risk of penalties and fines from any enforcement actions that may be imposed on our businesses. Our profitability, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows or future business prospects could be materially and adversely affected as a result.
Strategic and New Product Risks
We have in the past consummated and, from time to time we may evaluate and potentially consummate, acquisitions, which could require significant management attention, disrupt our business and adversely affect our financial results.
Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to expand our business. In some circumstances, we may determine to do so through the acquisition of complementary assets, businesses and technologies rather than through internal development. For example, in December 2018, we acquired a minority stake in Apex, a provider of investment custody and clearing services. In April 2020, we acquired 8 Limited, an investment business in Hong Kong, and in May 2020, we acquired Galileo, a company that provides technology platform services to financial and non-financial institutions. The identification of suitable acquisition candidates can be difficult, time-consuming and costly, and we may not be able to successfully complete identified acquisitions. The risks we face in connection with acquisitions include:
diversion of management time and focus from operating our business to addressing acquisition integration challenges;
coordination of technology, product development, risk management and sales and marketing functions;
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retention of employees from the acquired company, and retention of our employees who were attracted to us because of our smaller size or for other reasons;
cultural challenges associated with integrating employees from the acquired company into our organization;
integration of the acquired company’s accounting, management information, human resources and other administrative systems;
the need to implement or improve controls, procedures and policies at a business that prior to the acquisition may have lacked effective controls, information security safeguards, procedures and policies;
potential write-offs or impairments of intangible assets or other assets acquired in the acquisition;
liability for activities of the acquired company before the acquisition, including patent and trademark infringement claims, violations of laws, commercial disputes, tax liabilities and other known and unknown liabilities;
litigation or other claims in connection with the acquired company, including claims from terminated employees, customers, former stockholders or other third parties; and
geographic expansion exposes our business to known and unknown regulatory compliance risks including elevated risk factors for tax compliance, money laundering controls, and supervisory controls oversight.
Our failure to address these risks or other problems encountered in connection with our acquisitions and investments could cause us to fail to realize the anticipated benefits of these acquisitions or investments, cause us to incur unanticipated liabilities and harm our business, generally. Future acquisitions could also result in dilutive issuances of our equity securities, the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities, regulatory obligations to further capitalize our business, and goodwill and intangible asset impairments, any of which could harm our financial condition and negatively impact our stockholders. To the extent we pay the consideration for any future acquisitions or investments in cash, it would reduce the amount of cash available to us for other purposes.
Galileo depends on a small number of customers, the loss or disruptions in operations of any of which could have a material adverse effect on its business and financial results, and negatively impact our financial results and results of operations.
In May 2020, we completed our acquisition of Galileo for a purchase price of $1.2 billion. During the year ended December 31, 2020, Galileo accounted for $91.2 million, or 95%, of the total net revenue of our Technology Platform segment, and 16% of our consolidated total net revenue. Galileo’s customers are highly concentrated, with its five largest customers contributing 69% of the total net revenue within the Technology Platform segment during the year ended December 31, 2020, which represented 12% of our consolidated total net revenue for the period then ended. There are inherent risks whenever a large percentage of net revenue is concentrated with a limited number of customers, including the loss of any one or more of those customers as a result of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings involving the customer, the loss of the customer to a competitor, harm to that customer’s reputation or financial prospects or other reasons. In addition, disruptions in the operations of any of Galileo’s key customers have in the past disrupted and may in the future disrupt Galileo’s operations, and these disruptions could be material and have an adverse impact on our results of operations.
Demand for our products may decline if we do not continue to innovate or respond to evolving technological or other changes.
We operate in a dynamic industry characterized by rapidly evolving technology, frequent product introductions, and competition based on pricing and other differentiators. We rely on our proprietary technology to make the SoFi platform available to members, to service members and to introduce new products. In addition, we may increasingly rely on technological innovation as we introduce new types of products, expand our current products into new markets, and continue to streamline the SoFi platform. The process of developing new technologies and products is complex, and if we are unable to successfully innovate and continue to deliver a superior member experience, members’ demand for our products may decrease and our growth and operations may be harmed. The brokerage industry also competes on price, and our ability to meet the demand of our customers in this respect could affect our ability to maintain demand for our products and services.
SoFi Securities is a participant in the Depository Trust Company’s settlement services. Broker-dealers that settle their own trades are subject to substantially more regulatory requirements than brokers that outsource these functions to third-party
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providers. Errors in performing settlement functions, including clerical, technological and other errors related to the handling of funds and securities could lead to censures, fines or other sanctions imposed by applicable regulatory authorities as well as losses and liability in related lawsuits and proceedings brought by transaction counterparties and others. Any unsettled securities transactions or wrongly executed transactions may expose the broker dealer to adverse movements in the prices of such securities.
An increase in fraudulent activity could lead to reputational damage to our brand and material legal, regulatory and financial exposure (including fines and other penalties), and could reduce the use and acceptance of SoFi Money and SoFi Credit Card.
Financial institutions like us, as well as our members, colleagues, regulators, vendors and other third parties, have experienced a significant increase in fraudulent activity in recent years and will likely continue to be the target of increasingly sophisticated fraudsters and fraud rings in the future. This is particularly true for our newer products where we have limited experience evaluating customer behavior and performing tailored risk assessments, such as SoFi Money and SoFi Credit Card.
We develop and maintain systems and processes aimed at detecting and preventing fraudulent activity, which require significant investment, maintenance and ongoing monitoring and updating as technologies and regulatory requirements change and as efforts to overcome security and anti-fraud measures become more sophisticated. Despite our efforts, the possibility of fraudulent or other malicious activities and human error or malfeasance cannot be eliminated entirely and will evolve as new and emerging technology is deployed, including the increasing use of personal mobile and computing devices that are outside of our network and control environments. Risks associated with each of these include theft of funds and other monetary loss, the effects of which could be compounded if not detected quickly. Indeed, fraudulent activity may not be detected until well after it occurs and the severity and potential impact may not be fully known for a substantial period of time after it has been discovered.
Fraudulent activity and other actual or perceived failures to maintain a product’s integrity and/or security has led to increased regulatory scrutiny and may lead to regulatory investigations and intervention (such as mandatory card reissuance), increased litigation (including class action litigation), remediation, fines and response costs, negative assessments of us and our subsidiaries by regulators and rating agencies, reputational and financial damage to our brand, and reduced usage of our products and services, all of which could have a material adverse impact on our business.
Successful fraudulent activity and other related incidents related to the actual or perceived failures to maintain the integrity of our processes and controls could negatively affect us, including harming the market perception of the effectiveness of our security measures or harming the reputation of the financial system in general, which could result in reduced use of our products and services. Such events could also result in legislation and additional regulatory requirements. Although we maintain insurance, there can be no assurance that liabilities or losses we may incur will be covered under such policies or that the amount of insurance will be adequate.
We rely on third parties and their systems to process transaction data and for settlement of funds on SoFi Money, and these third parties’ failure to perform these services adequately could materially and adversely affect our business.
To provide our cash management account and credit card and other products and services, we rely on third parties that we do not control, such as the payment card networks, our acquiring and issuing processors, the payment card issuers, various financial institution partners, systems like the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”), and other partners. We rely on these third parties for a variety of services, including the transmission of transaction data, processing of chargebacks and refunds, settlement of funds, and the provision of information and other elements of our services. In the event these third parties fail to provide these services adequately, including as a result of financial difficulty or insolvency, errors in their systems, outages or events beyond their control, or refuse to provide these services on terms acceptable to us or at all, and we are not able to find suitable alternatives, our business may be materially and adversely affected.
SoFi Credit Card is a new product and we may not be successful in our efforts to promote its usage through marketing and promotion, or to effectively control the costs of such investments, both of which may materially impact our profitability.
Revenue growth for SoFi Credit Card is dependent on increasing the volume of members who open an account and on growing loan balances on those accounts. We have been investing in a number of new product initiatives to attract new SoFi Credit Card members and capture a greater share of our members’ total spending and borrowings. There can be no assurance that our investments in SoFi Credit Card to acquire members, provide differentiated features and services and spur usage of our card will be effective. Further, developing our service offerings, marketing SoFi Credit Card in additional customer acquisition
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channels and forming new partnerships could have higher costs than anticipated, and could adversely impact our results or dilute our brand. See — “SoFi Credit Card is a new product and any failure to execute our funding strategy for it could have a negative impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.
We may continue to expand operations abroad where we have limited operating experience and may be subject to increased business, economic and regulatory risks that could adversely impact our financial results.
In April 2020, we undertook our first international expansion by acquiring 8 Limited, an investment business in Hong Kong. We may, in the future, pursue further international expansion of our business operations, either organically or through acquisitions, in new international markets where we have limited or no experience in marketing, selling and deploying our product and services. If we fail to deploy or manage our operations in these countries successfully, our business and operations may suffer. In addition, we are subject to a variety of risks inherent in doing business internationally, including:
political, social and/or economic instability;
risks related to governmental regulations in foreign jurisdictions, including regulations relating to privacy, and unexpected changes in regulatory requirements and enforcement;
fluctuations in currency exchange rates;
higher levels of credit risk and fraud;
enhanced difficulties of integrating any foreign acquisitions;
burdens of complying with a variety of foreign laws;
reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;
difficulties in staffing and managing global operations and the increased travel, infrastructure and legal compliance costs associated with multiple international locations and subsidiaries;
different regulations and practices with respect to employee/employer relationships, existence of workers’ councils and labor unions, and other challenges caused by distance, language, and cultural differences, making it harder to do business in certain international jurisdictions;
compliance with statutory equity requirements; and
management of tax consequences.
If we are unable to manage the complexity of global operations successfully, our financial performance and operating results could suffer.
Credit Risks
Worsening economic conditions cause our member default rates to increase and may result in decreased demand from institutional investors for our products, each of which could harm our operational results.
Uncertainty and negative trends in general economic conditions in the United States, including significant tightening of credit markets, historically have created a difficult environment for companies in the financial services industry. Many factors, including factors that are beyond our control, may result in higher default rates by our members and decline in the demand for our products by potential and existing investors, and have a detrimental impact on our operating performance and liquidity. These factors include general economic conditions, disruptions in the credit markets, changes in unemployment rates, the level of consumer and business confidence, changes in consumer spending, as well as events such as natural disasters, public health crises, like the COVID-19 pandemic, acts of war, terrorism and catastrophes.
Our Lending segment may be particularly negatively impacted by worsening economic conditions that place financial stress on our members resulting in loan defaults or charge-offs at a higher-than-expected rate. If a loan charges off while we are still the owner, the loan either enters a collections process or is sold to a third-party collection agency in exchange for a fraction
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of the remaining amount payable to us. In either case, we will receive less than the full outstanding interest on and principal balance of the loan. Declining economic conditions may also lead to either decreased demand for our loans or demand for a higher yield on our loans, and consequently lower prices, from institutional investors on whom we rely for liquidity.
There can be no assurance that economic conditions will remain favorable for our business or that interest in purchasing our loans by financial institutions, will remain at current levels, or that default rates by our members will not increase. Reduced demand or lower prices for our products from institutional investors and increased default rates by our members may limit our access to capital, including debt warehouse facilities and securitizations, and negatively impact our profitability.
We operate in a cyclical industry. In an economic downturn, we may not be able to grow our lending business or maintain expected levels of liquidity, maintain historic loss rates and revenue growth.
The timing, severity, and duration of an economic downturn can have a significant negative impact on our ability to generate adequate revenue and to absorb expected and unexpected losses. For example, in making a decision whether to extend credit to a new or existing member, or determine appropriate pricing for a loan, our decision strategies rely on robust data collection, including from third-party sources such as credit reporting agencies, proprietary scoring models, and market expertise. An economic downturn could place financial stress on our members, potentially impacting our ability to make accurate credit assessments or lending decisions, as well as our members’ willingness to use our products. Our ability to adapt in a manner that balances future revenue production and loss management will be tested in a downturn. The longevity and severity of a downturn will also place pressure on lenders under our debt warehouses, whole loan purchasers and investors in our securitization trusts. Furthermore, long-term market disruptions could negatively impact the securitizations market. Although certain of our debt warehouses and whole loan sale agreements contain committed terms, there can be no assurance that our financing arrangements will remain available to us through any particular business cycle or be renewed on the same terms. The timing and extent of a downturn may also require us to change, postpone or cancel our strategic initiatives or growth plans to pursue shorter-term sustainability. The longer and more severe an economic downturn, the greater the potential adverse impact on us, which could be material.
If we do not make accurate credit and pricing decisions or effectively forecast our loss rates, our business and financial results will be harmed, and the harm could be material.
In making a decision whether to extend credit to prospective or existing members, we rely upon data to assess our ability to extend credit within our risk appetite, our debt servicing capacity, and overall risk level to determine lending exposure and loan pricing. If the decision components, rapidly deteriorating macro-economic conditions or analytics are either unstable, biased, or missing key pieces of information, the wrong decisions will be made, which will negatively affect our financial results. If our credit decisioning strategy fails to adequately predict the creditworthiness of our members, including a failure to predict a member’s true credit risk profile and ability to repay their loan, higher than expected loss rates will impact the fair value of our loans. Additionally, if any portion of the information pertaining to the prospective member is false, inaccurate or incomplete, and our systems did not detect such falsities, inaccuracies or incompleteness, or any or all of the other components of our credit decision process fails, we may experience higher than forecasted losses — including losses attributed to fraud. Furthermore, we rely on credit reporting agencies to obtain credit reports and other information we rely upon in making underwriting and pricing decisions. If one of these third parties experiences an outage, if we are unable to access the third-party data used in our decision strategy, or our access to such data is limited, our ability to accurately evaluate potential members will be compromised, and we may be unable to effectively predict credit losses inherent in our loan portfolio, which would negatively impact our results of operations, which could be material.
Additionally, if we make errors in the development, validation, or implementation of any of the underwriting models or tools that we use for the loans securing our debt warehouses or included in securitization transactions or whole loan sales, such loans may experience higher delinquencies and losses, which would negatively impact our debt warehouse financing terms and future securitization and whole loan sale transactions.
If the information provided to us by members is incorrect or fraudulent, we may misjudge a member’s qualification to receive a loan and our results of operations may be harmed.
Our lending decisions are based partly on information provided to us by loan applicants. To the extent that these applicants provide information to us in a manner that we are unable to verify, our credit decisioning process may not accurately reflect the associated risk. In addition, data provided by third-party sources, including credit reporting agencies, is a significant component of our credit decisions and this data may contain inaccuracies. Inaccurate analysis of credit data that could result from false loan application information could harm our reputation, business and results of operations.
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In addition, we use identity and fraud prevention tools to analyze data provided by external databases to authenticate each applicant’s identity. From time to time in the past, these checks have failed and there is a risk that these checks could fail in the future, and fraud, which may be significant, may occur. We may not be able to recoup funds underlying loans made in connection with inaccurate statements, omissions of fact or fraud, in which case our revenue, results of operations and profitability will be harmed. Fraudulent activity or significant increases in fraudulent activity could also lead to regulatory intervention, which could negatively impact our results of operations, brand and reputation, and require us to take steps to reduce fraud risk, which could increase our costs.
Internet-based loan origination processes may give rise to greater risks than paper-based processes.
We use Internet-based loan processes to obtain application information and distribute certain legally required notices to applicants for, and borrowers of, our loans, and to obtain electronically signed loan documents in lieu of paper documents with ink signatures obtained in person. These processes may entail greater risks than would paper-based loan origination processes, including regarding the sufficiency of notice for compliance with consumer protection laws, risks that borrowers may challenge the authenticity of loan documents, or the validity of the borrower’s electronic signature on loan documents, and risks that despite internal controls unauthorized changes are made to the electronic loan documents. If any of those factors were to cause our loans, or any of the terms of our loans, to be unenforceable against the relevant borrowers, or impair our ability as master servicer or servicer to service our loans, the value of our loan assets would decrease significantly to us and to our investors. In addition to increased default rates and losses on our loans, this could lead to the loss of whole loan investors and securitization investors and trigger terminations and amortizations under our debt warehouse facilities, each of which would materially adversely impact our business.
Student loans are subject to discharge in certain circumstances.
Private education loans, including the refinanced student loans and other student loans made by us, are generally not dischargeable by a borrower in bankruptcy. However, a private education loan may be discharged if the bankruptcy court determines that not discharging the debt would impose an undue hardship on the debtor and the debtor’s dependents. Further, bills have been introduced in Congress that would make student loans dischargeable in bankruptcy to the same extent as other forms of unsecured credit without regard to hardship analysis. See “Business, Financial and Operational Risks — Legislative and regulatory policies and related actions in connection with student loans could have a material adverse effect on our student loan portfolios” below. It is possible that a higher percentage of borrowers will obtain relief under bankruptcy or other debtor relief laws as a result of financial and economic disruptions related to the outbreak of COVID-19 than is reflected in our historical experience. A private education loan that is not a refinanced parent-student loan is also generally dischargeable as a result of the death or disability of the borrower. The discharge of a significant amount of our loans could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We offer personal loans which have a limited performance history and therefore have only limited prepayment, loss and delinquency data on such loans on which to base projections.
The performance of the personal loans is significantly dependent on the ability of the credit decisioning, income validation, and scoring models we use to originate such loans, which include a variety of factors, to effectively evaluate an applicant’s credit profile and likelihood of default. Despite recession readiness planning and stress forecasting, our credit criteria has not been fully tested in a down-cycle or recessionary economic environment, or in periods of disruption such as the current environment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. There is no assurance that our credit criteria can accurately predict loan performance under such economic conditions or governmental response which may drive unexpected outcomes. If our criteria do not accurately reflect credit risk on the personal loans, greater than expected losses may result on these loans and our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
In addition, personal loans are dischargeable in a bankruptcy proceeding involving a borrower without the need for the borrower to file an adversary claim. The discharge of a significant amount of our personal loans could adversely affect our financial condition. Furthermore, other characteristics of personal loans may increase the risk of default or fraud and there are few restrictions on the uses that may be made of personal loans by borrowers, which may result in increased levels of credit consumption. We also originate personal loans through ACH deposits directly to the borrowers, which may result in a higher risk of fraud. The effect of these factors may be to reduce the amounts collected on our personal loans and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
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We service all of the personal loans we originate and have limited loan servicing experience, and we rely on third parties to service the student loans, home loans and credit cards that we originate. A failure by us or these third parties to service loans properly could result in lost revenue and impact our liquidity.
We service all of the personal loans we originate, and we have limited experience with such servicing. We may begin servicing the student loans that we originate at some time in the future. We rely on sub-servicers to service all of our student loans, credit cards and all of our FNMA conforming home loans. In the event that a third-party service provider for any reason fails to perform such functions, including through negligence, willful misconduct or fraud, our ability to process payments and perform other operational functions for which we currently rely on such third-party service providers will suffer and our business, cash flows and future prospects may be negatively impacted.
Any failure on our part or on the part of third parties on whom we rely to perform functions related to our servicing activities to properly service our loans could result in us being removed as the servicer on the loans we originate, including loans financed by our warehouse facilities or sold into our whole loan sales channel and securitization transactions. If we fail to monitor our student loan sub-servicer and ensure that such sub-servicer complies with its obligations under state laws that require student loan servicers to be licensed, we may face civil claims for damages under such state laws. Because we receive revenue from such servicing activities, any such removal as the servicer or, with respect to our student loans, master servicer, could adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition or prospects, as would the cost of onboarding a new servicer. Furthermore, we have agreed in our servicing agreements to service loans in accordance with the standards set forth therein, and may be obligated to repurchase loans if we fail to meet those standards.
We rely on third-party service providers to perform various functions in connection with the origination and servicing of certain of our loans. If a third-party service provider fails to properly perform these functions, our business and our ability to service our loans may be adversely affected.
We rely on third-party service providers to perform various functions relating to our loan origination and servicing business, including underwriting, fraud detection, marketing, operational functions, cloud infrastructure services, information technology, telecommunications and processing remotely created checks, and, because we are not a bank and cannot belong to or directly access the ACH payment network, ACH processing, and debit card and credit issuance or payment processing. We rely on sub-servicers to service all of our student loans, credit cards and all of our FNMA conforming home loans that we do not sell servicing-released, and a sub-servicer to perform certain back-up servicing functions with respect to our personal loans. While we oversee these service providers to ensure they service our loans in accordance with our agreements and regulatory requirements, we do not have control over the operations of any of the third-party service providers that we utilize. In the event that a third-party service provider for any reason fails to perform such functions, including through negligence, willful misconduct or fraud, our ability to process payments and perform other operational functions for which we currently rely on such third-party service providers will suffer and our business, cash flows and future prospects may be negatively impacted.
Additionally, if one or more key third-party service providers were to cease to exist, to become a debtor in a bankruptcy or an insolvency proceeding or to seek relief under any debtor relief laws or to terminate its relationship with us, there could be delays in our ability to process payments and perform other operational functions for which we are currently relying on such third-party service provider, and we may not be able to promptly replace such third-party service provider with a different third-party service provider that has the ability to promptly provide the same services in the same manner and on the same economic terms. As a result of any such delay or inability to replace such key third-party service provider, our ability to process payments and perform other business functions could suffer and our business, cash flows and future prospects may be negatively impacted.
We may make non-qualified home loans which may increase the risk of litigation by consumers
We do not currently offer, but may expand product selection to offer non-qualified home loans, which, unlike qualified home loans, do not benefit from a presumption that the borrower has the ability to repay the loan. If we were to make a loan to which we did not satisfy the regulatory standards for ascertaining the borrower’s ability to repay the loan and the borrower were to default, we may be prevented from collecting interest and principal on that loan in court. As such, non-qualified home loans carry increased risk of exposure to litigation and claims of borrowers.
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Potential geographic concentration of our members and performance of the loans we originate may increase the risk of loss on such loans and negatively impact our business.
Any concentration of our members in specific geographic areas may increase the risk of loss on our loans. Certain regions of the United States from time to time will experience weaker economic conditions and higher unemployment and, consequently, will experience higher rates of delinquency and loss than on similar loans in other regions of the country. Moreover, a deterioration in economic conditions, outbreaks of disease (such as new or worsening outbreaks of COVID-19), extreme weather conditions and other natural events (such as hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, drought, wildfires, mudslides, earthquakes and other extreme conditions) could adversely affect the ability and willingness of borrowers in affected regions to meet their payment obligations under their loans and may consequently affect the delinquency and loss experience of such loans. In addition, we, as master servicer for all student loans and home loans and as servicer of our personal loans, have offered in the past, are currently offering as a result of the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and may in the future offer, hardship forbearance or other relief programs in certain circumstances to affected borrowers.
Conversely, an improvement in economic conditions in one or more states could result in higher prepayments of their payment obligations under their loans by borrowers in such states. As a result, we and the investors who hold our loans or securities backed by our loans may receive principal payments earlier than anticipated, and fewer interest payments than anticipated, and face certain reinvestment risks, such as the inability to acquire loans on equally attractive terms as the prepaid loans.
Further, the concentration of our loans in one or more states may have a disproportionate effect on us or investors in our loans or securities backed by our loans if governmental authorities in any of those states take action against us as originator, master servicer or servicer of those loans or take action affecting our ability as master servicer or servicer to service those loans in such states.
Market and Interest Rate Risks
We utilize a gain on sale origination model and, consequently, our business is affected by the cost and availability of funding in the capital markets.
In addition to the issuance of equity, historically, we have funded our operations and capital expenditures through sales of our loans, secured and unsecured borrowing facilities, and securitizations. We utilize a gain on sale origination model and, consequently, our earnings and financial condition are largely dependent on the price we can obtain for our products in the capital markets. Our ability to obtain these types of financing depends, among other things, on our development efforts, business plans, operating performance, lending activities, and condition of, and our access to, the capital markets at the time we seek financing. The capital markets have from time to time experienced periods of significant volatility, including recent volatility driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. This volatility can dramatically and adversely affect financing costs when compared to historical norms or make funding unavailable at any cost. Additional factors that could make financing more expensive or unavailable to us include, but are not limited to, financial losses, events that have an adverse impact on our reputation, lawsuits challenging our business practices, adverse regulatory changes, changes in the activities of our business partners, events that have an adverse impact on the financial services industry generally, counterparty availability, negative credit rating actions with respect to our rated securities, corporate and regulatory actions, interest rate changes, general economic conditions and the legal, regulatory and tax environments governing funding transactions, including existing or future securitization transactions. If financing is difficult, expensive or unavailable, our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and future prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
Fluctuations in interest rates could negatively affect SoFi Money.
Falling or low interest rates may also have a negative impact on our SoFi Money product. SoFi Money is a cash management account offered through SoFi Securities LLC (“SoFi Securities”), a FINRA-registered broker dealer wholly-owned by SoFi, which offers members the opportunity to earn a variable interest rate on their account balances. Deposits made into a SoFi Money account are swept daily to one or more banks with which we partner, and these deposits earn a variable rate of interest and are eligible for FDIC insurance. Because we are not a bank holding company, however, we are not permitted to offer members an interest rate on their SoFi Money account balance that is higher than the interest rate we receive from our partner banks. Certain of our competitors are not subject to the same restriction and we may lose current SoFi Money account holders to those competitors or fail to sign-up new SoFi Money account holders due to offering a lower interest rate.
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Low interest rates may discourage investors and borrowers from using the SoFi Money, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and future prospects.
Higher than expected payment speeds of loans could negatively impact our returns as the holder of the residual interests in securitization trusts holding student and personal loans. These factors could materially alter our net revenue or the value of our residual interest holdings.
The rate at which borrowers prepay their loans can have a material impact on our net revenue and the value of our residual interests in securitization trusts. Prepayment rates and levels are subject to a variety of economic, social, competitive and other factors, including fluctuations in interest rates, availability of alternative financings, regulatory changes affecting the student loan market, the home loan market, consumer lending generally, and the general economy.
While we anticipate some variability in prepayment levels, extraordinary or extended increases or decreases in prepayment rates could materially affect our liquidity and net revenue. For example, when as a result of unanticipated prepayment levels, student, and personal loans, as applicable, within a securitization trust amortize faster (due to prepayments) than originally contracted, the trust’s pool balance may decline at a rate faster than the prepayment rate assumed when the trust’s bonds were originally issued. If the trust’s pool balance declines faster than originally anticipated, in most of our securitization structures, the bonds issued by that trust will also be repaid faster than originally anticipated. In such cases, our net revenue may decrease, inclusive of the diminished value of any retained residual interest by us in the trust.
Finally, rating agencies may place bonds on watch or change their ratings on (or their ratings methodology for) the bonds issued by a securitization trust, possibly raising or lowering their ratings, based upon these prepayment rates and their perception of the risk posed by those rates to the timing of the trust cash flows. Placing bonds on watch, changing ratings negatively, proposing or making changes to ratings methodology could: (i) affect our liquidity, (ii) impede our access to the securitization markets, (iii) require changes to our securitization structures, and (iv) raise or lower the value of the residual interests of our future securitization transactions.
The transition away from LIBOR as a benchmark reference for interest rates may affect our cost of capital, our liquidity, or expose us to borrower litigation or damage to the SoFi brand.
LIBOR serves as a global benchmark for determining interest rates on commercial and consumer loans, bonds, derivatives and numerous other financial instruments. LIBOR is the reference rate for the securities issued under certain of our securitizations (such as student loan securitizations), certain secured and unsecured financing facilities (such as the loan warehouse facilities, risk retention facilities and revolving credit facility), certain hedging arrangements, and our Series 1 redeemable preferred stock dividends. LIBOR is set based on interest rate information reported by certain banks, which will stop reporting such information after 2021. In March 2021, the ICE Benchmark Administration Limited, the administrator of LIBOR, affirmed its intention to publish one week and two month USD LIBOR through December 31, 2021, and all remaining USD LIBOR tenors through June 30, 2023. In addition, it is expected that all non-USD LIBOR tenors will cease after December 31, 2021. We are unable to predict whether or when an alternative reference rate will become a standard global benchmark and suitable replacement for LIBOR. We are therefore unable to predict what the replacement reference rate or rates will be for our existing financial instruments that are currently indexed to LIBOR, the extent to which our financial instruments will transition to the same replacement reference rate, or the timing of a transition. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had approximately $312 million and $487 million, respectively, of financial instruments indexed to LIBOR, consisting of loans, bonds and hedge positions. Our derivative agreements are governed by the International Swap Dealers Association, which established a 2020 IBOR Fallbacks Protocol and supplement effective in January 2021 to allow counterparties to modify legacy trades to reference amended standard definitions inclusive of the new fallback language. However, most of these legacy financial instruments do not include provisions clearly specifying a method for transitioning from LIBOR to an alternative benchmark rate, and it is not yet known how courts or regulators will view the transition away from LIBOR to an alternative benchmark rate. As a result, it is difficult to predict the impact that a cessation of LIBOR would have on the value and performance of our existing financial instruments.
As of December 31, 2020, we have identified approximately $310 million of variable-rate loans for which the repricing index was tied to LIBOR and the loan maturity date is after December 31, 2021. Our loan agreements generally allow us to choose a new alternative reference rate based upon comparable information if the current index is no longer available. We continue to originate variable-rate loans that adjust based on LIBOR.
The market transition away from LIBOR to an alternative reference rate is complex. If LIBOR rates are no longer available, and we are required to implement replacement reference rates for the calculation of interest rates under our loan
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agreements with borrowers, we may incur significant expense in effecting the transition and we may be subject to disputes or litigation with our borrowers over the appropriateness or comparability to LIBOR of the replacement reference rates. The replacement reference rates could also result in a reduction in our interest income. We may also receive inquiries and other actions from regulators in respect to our preparation and readiness for the replacement of LIBOR with alternative reference rates.
These uncertainties regarding the possible cessation of LIBOR or their resolution could have a material adverse impact on our funding costs, net interest margin, loan and other asset values, asset-liability management strategies, and other aspects of our business and financial results.
We are exposed to financial risks that may be partially mitigated but cannot be eliminated by our hedging activities, which carry their own risks.
We have used, and may in the future use, financial instruments for hedging and risk management purposes in order to protect against possible fluctuations in interest rates, or for other reasons that we deem appropriate. In particular, we expect our interest rate risk to increase as our home loans business grows. However, any current and future hedges we enter into will not completely eliminate the risk associated with rising interest rates and our hedging activities may prove to be ineffective.
The success of our hedging strategy will be subject to our ability to correctly assess counterparty risk and the degree of correlation between the performance of the instruments used in the hedging strategy and any changes in interest rates, along with our ability to continually recalculate, readjust and execute hedges in an efficient and timely manner. Therefore, though we may enter into transactions to seek to reduce risks, unanticipated changes may create a more negative consequence than if we had not engaged in any such hedging transactions. Moreover, for a variety of reasons, we may not seek to establish a perfect correlation between such hedging instruments and the instruments being hedged. Any such imperfect correlation may prevent us from achieving the effect of the intended hedge and expose us to risk of loss. Any failure to manage our hedging positions properly or inability to enter into hedging instruments upon acceptable terms could affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Funding and Liquidity Risks
If we are unable to retain and/or increase our current sources of funding and secure new or alternative methods of financing, our ability to finance additional loans and introduce new products will be negatively impacted.
Historically, in addition to the issuance of equity, we have funded our operations and capital expenditures primarily through access to the capital markets through sales of our loans, access to secured and unsecured borrowing facilities and utilization of securitization financing from consolidated and nonconsolidated VIEs. In each of these instances (other than for certain whole loan sales of home loans), we retain the servicing rights to our loans from which we earn a servicing fee. In securitization financing transactions, we transfer a pool of loans originated by SoFi Lending Corp. to a VIE which is sponsored by SoFi Lending Corp. and we retain risk in the VIE, typically in the form of asset-backed bonds and residual interest investments. As of December 31, 2020, we had 15 VIEs consolidated on our balance sheet. We rely on each of these outlets for liquidity and the loss or reduction of any one of these outlets could materially adversely impact our business. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully access the securitization markets at any given time, and in the event of a sudden or unexpected shortage of funds in the banking and financial system, we cannot be sure that we will be able to maintain necessary levels of funding without incurring high funding costs, a reduction in the term of funding instruments, an increase in the amount of equity we are required to hold or the liquidation of certain assets. Furthermore, there is risk that there will be no market at all for our loans either from whole loan buyers or through investments in securities backed by our loans.
We may require capital in excess of amounts we currently anticipate, and depending on market conditions and other factors, we may not be able to obtain additional capital for our current operations or anticipated future growth on reasonable terms or at all. As the volume of loans that we originate, and the increased suite of products that we make available to members, increases, we may be required to expand the size of our debt warehousing facilities or seek additional sources of capital. The availability of these financing sources depends on many factors, some of which are outside of our control. We may also experience the occurrence of events of default or breaches of financial performance or other covenants under our debt agreements, which could reduce or terminate our access to institutional funding.
If we are unable to increase our current sources of funding and secure new or alternative methods of financing, our ability to finance additional loans and to develop and offer new products, such as SoFi Credit Card, will be negatively impacted. The interest rates, advance rates and other costs of new, renewed or amended facilities may also be higher than those currently in
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effect. If we are unable to renew or otherwise replace these facilities or generally arrange new or alternative methods of financing on favorable terms, we may be forced to curtail our origination of loans or reduce lending or other operations, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
If one or more of our warehouse facilities, on which we are highly dependent, is terminated, we may be unable to find replacement financing on favorable terms, or at all, which would have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
We require a significant amount of short-term funding capacity for loans we originate. As of December 31, 2020, we had $6.4 billion of warehouse loan funding capacity through 20 financing partners under our warehouse facilities. Additionally, consistent with industry practice, all of our existing warehouse facilities require periodic renewal. If any of our committed warehouse facilities are terminated or are not renewed or our uncommitted facilities are not honored, we may be unable to find replacement financing on favorable terms, or at all, and we might not be able to originate an acceptable or sustainable volume of loans, which would have a material adverse effect on our business. Additionally, as our business continues to expand, we may need additional warehouse funding capacity for the loans we originate. There can be no assurance that, in the future, we will be able to obtain additional warehouse funding capacity on favorable terms, on a timely basis, or at all.
If we fail to meet or satisfy any of the financial or other covenants included in our warehouse facilities, we would be in default under one or more of these facilities and our lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under the facilities to be immediately due and payable, enforce their interests against loans pledged under such facilities and restrict our ability to make additional borrowings. Certain of these facilities also contain cross-default provisions. These restrictions may interfere with our ability to obtain financing or to engage in other business activities, which could materially and adversely affect us. There can be no assurance that we will maintain compliance with all financial and other covenants included in our warehouse facilities in the future.
Increases in member default rates on loans could make us and our loans less attractive to whole loan buyers, lenders under debt warehouse facilities and investors in securitizations which may adversely affect our access to financing and our business.
Increases in member default rates could make us and our loans less attractive to our existing or prospective funding sources, including whole loan buyers, securitizations and debt warehousing facilities. If our existing funding sources do not achieve their desired financial returns or if they suffer losses, they or prospective funding sources may increase the cost of providing future financing or refuse to provide future financing or purchase loans on terms acceptable to us or at all.
Our securitizations are non-recourse to SoFi and are collateralized by the pool of our loans pledged to the relevant securitization issuer. If the loans securing our securitizations fail to perform as expected, the lenders under our warehouse facilities and investors in our securitizations who purchase our loans, or future lenders or investors in similar arrangements, may increase the cost of providing future financing or refuse to provide future financing or purchase loans on terms acceptable to us or at all.
If we were to be unable to arrange new or alternative methods of financing on favorable terms, we may have to curtail or cease our origination of loans, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
We make representations and warranties in connection with the transfer of loans to whole loan purchasers, government-sponsored enterprises, such as the FNMA, and our debt warehouse lenders and securitization trusts. If such representations and warranties are not correct, we could be required to repurchase loans or indemnify the purchaser, which could have an adverse effect on our ability to operate and fund our business.
We sell the home loans we originate to third parties, including counterparties like the FNMA. In the ordinary course of business, we are exposed to liability under representations and warranties made to purchasers of home loans. We make representations and warranties when we sell loans to third parties and in our financing transactions. Such representations and warranties typically include, among other things, that the loans were originated and serviced in compliance with law and with SoFi’s credit risk origination policy and servicing guidelines and that, to the best of our knowledge, each loan was originated by us without any fraud or misrepresentation on our part or on the part of the borrower or any other person. In addition, purchasers require loans to meet strict underwriting and loan term criteria in order to be eligible for purchase. If those representations and warranties are breached as to a given loan, or if a certain loan we sell does not meet the relevant eligibility criteria, we will be obligated to repurchase the loan, typically at a purchase price equal to the then-outstanding principal balance of such loan, plus
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accrued interest and any premium. We may also be required to indemnify the purchaser for losses resulting from the breach of representations and warranties. In connection with our whole loan sales, we also typically covenant to repurchase any loan that enters delinquent status within the first thirty to sixty days following origination of the loan. Any significant increase in our obligation to repurchase home loans or indemnify purchasers of home loans, could have a significant adverse impact on our cash flows, even if they are reimbursable, and could also have a detrimental effect on our business and financial condition. If any such repurchase event occurs on a large scale, we may not have sufficient funds to meet our repurchase obligations, which would result in a default under the underlying agreements. Moreover, we may not be able to resell or refinance loans repurchased due to a breach of a representation or warranty or we may sell such loans below par. Any such event could have an adverse impact on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.
Our agreements with our lenders contain a number of early payment triggers and covenants. A breach of such triggers or covenants or other terms of such agreements could result in an early amortization, default, and/or acceleration of the related funding facilities which could materially impact our operations.
Primary funding sources available to support the maintenance and growth of our business include, among others, securitizations, debt warehouse facilities and corporate revolving debt. Our liquidity would be materially adversely affected by our inability to comply with various covenants and other specified requirements set forth in our agreements with our lenders which could result in the early amortization, default and/or acceleration of our existing facilities. Such covenants and requirements include financial covenants, portfolio performance covenants and other events. For a description of these covenants, requirements and events, see “SoFi’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources”.
During an early amortization period or occurrence of an event of default, principal collections from the loans in our asset-based facilities would be applied to repay principal under such facilities rather than being available to fund newly originated loans. During the occurrence of an event of default under any of our facilities, the applicable lenders could accelerate the related debt and such lenders’ commitments to extend further credit under the related facility, if any, would terminate. If we were unable to repay the amounts due and payable under such facilities and securitizations, the applicable lenders and noteholders could seek remedies, including against the collateral pledged under such facilities and by the securitization trust. An acceleration of the debt under certain facilities could also lead to a default under other facilities and, in certain instances, our hedging arrangements, due to cross-acceleration provisions.
An early amortization event or event of default would negatively impact our liquidity, including our ability to originate new loans, and require us to rely on alternative funding sources, which might increase our funding costs or which might not be available when needed. If we were unable to arrange new or alternative methods of financing on favorable terms, we might have to curtail the origination of loans, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet our obligations under our facilities.
We require substantial capital and, in the future, may require additional capital to pursue our business objectives and achieve recurring profitability. If adequate capital is not available to us, including due to the cost and availability of funding in the capital markets, our business, operating results and financial condition may be harmed.
Since our founding, we have raised substantial equity financing to support the growth of our business. Because we intend to continue to make investments to support the growth of our business, we may require additional capital to pursue our business objectives and growth strategy and respond to business opportunities, challenges or unforeseen circumstances, including lending to our members, increasing our marketing expenditures to attract new members and improve our brand awareness, developing our other products, introducing new services, further expanding internationally in existing or new countries or further improving existing offerings and services, enhancing our operating infrastructure and potentially acquiring complementary businesses and technologies. Accordingly, on a regular basis we need, or we may need, to engage in debt or equity financings to secure additional funds. However, additional funds may not be available when we need them, in amounts we need, or permitted to be applied to specific use cases, on terms that are acceptable to us or at all. In particular, we may require additional access to capital to support our lending operations. Volatility in the credit markets in general or in the market for student, personal and home loans and credit cards in particular may also have an adverse effect on our ability to obtain debt financing. Furthermore, the cost of our borrowing may increase due to market volatility, changes in the risk premiums required by lenders or if traditional sources of debt capital are unavailable. Volatility or depressed valuations or trading prices in the equity markets may similarly adversely affect our ability to obtain equity financing. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock.
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We expect that we will continue to use our available cash to fund our lending activities and help scale our Financial Services segment. To supplement our cash resources, we may seek to enter into additional securitizations and whole loan sale agreements or increase the size of existing debt warehousing facilities, increase the size of, or replace, our revolving credit facility, and pursue other potential options. If we are unable to adequately maintain our cash resources, we may delay non-essential capital expenditures, implement cost cutting procedures, delay or reduce future hiring, discontinue the pursuit of our strategic objectives and growth strategies, or reduce our rate of future originations compared to current level. There can be no assurance that we can obtain sufficient sources of external capital to support the growth of our business. Delays in doing so or failure to do so may require us to reduce loan originations or reduce our operations, which would harm our ability to pursue our business objectives as well as harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
We are unable to finance all of the receivables that we originate or other assets that we hold, and that illiquidity could result in a negative impact on our financial condition.
We operate a gain on sale origination model, the success of which is tied to our ability to finance the assets that we originate. Certain of our assets, however, are ineligible for sale to a whole loan buyer or securitization trust, or are ineligible for, or are subject to a higher advance rate under, warehouse funding, each of which has specific eligibility criteria for receivables it purchases or holds as collateral. Ineligible receivables include, among others, those in default or that are delinquent, receivables with defects in their origination or servicing, including fraud, or receivables generated under origination guidelines and credit policies that are no longer in effect. In addition, many of our warehouse funding sources contain excess concentration limits for loans in forbearance or with specific loan level characteristics such as time-to-maturity or loan type. Once these limits have been exceeded the advance rate applied to those receivables becomes less advantageous to us. If we are unable to sell or reasonably fund these receivables, we are required to hold them on our balance sheet which, in sufficient volume, negatively impact our financial condition.
In addition to the receivables described above, we also hold on balance sheet certain risk retention assets that we are not able to pledge to our risk retention repurchase facilities. These risk retention assets include residuals from our securitization trusts that are either ineligible for transfer or are subject to European Union regulations that prohibit transfer. The illiquidity of these positions may negatively impact our financial condition.
SoFi Credit Card is a new product and any failure to execute our funding strategy for it could have a negative impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.
SoFi Credit Card is a new product and we have limited experience originating and administering it. We began originating credit card receivables in the third quarter of 2020 (and launched it to a broader market in the fourth quarter of 2020), and are in the process of finalizing a warehouse facility to fund the credit card collateral. Additionally, we anticipate establishing a credit card receivable securitization program in the future. There is no guarantee, however, that we will be successful in setting up warehouse funding or in establishing a securitization program in connection for these assets. In the event we are unable to finance our credit card receivables, we may be required to hold those assets on balance sheet, sell them for a loss, any of which could have a negative impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.
Regulatory, Tax and Other Legal Risks
We are subject to extensive, complex and evolving laws, rules and regulations, which are interpreted and enforced by various federal, state and local government authorities.
We are subject to various federal, state and local regulatory regimes. The principal policy objectives of these regulatory regimes are to protect borrowers, investors, and other financial services customers and to prevent fraud, money laundering, and terrorist financing. Laws and regulations, among other things, impose licensing and qualifications requirements; require various disclosures and consents; mandate or prohibit certain terms and conditions for various financial products; prohibit discrimination based on certain prohibited bases; prohibit unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices; require us to submit to examinations by federal, state and local regulatory regimes; and require us to maintain various policies, procedures and internal controls. Monitoring and complying with all applicable laws and regulations can be difficult and costly. Failure to comply with any of these requirements may result in, among other things, enforcement action by governmental authorities, lawsuits, monetary damages, fines or monetary penalties, restitution or other payments to borrowers or investors, modifications to business practices, revocation of required licenses or registrations, voiding of loan contracts and reputational harm. See “Information About SoFi—Legal Proceedings”.
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Our Lending segment is highly regulated, and if we fail to comply with federal and state consumer protection laws, rules, regulations and guidance, our business could be adversely affected.
We are subject to extensive and complex rules and regulations, licensing and examination by various federal, state and local government authorities designed to protect borrowers and customers of other financial services. See “Information About SoFi — Government Regulation. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”), an agency which oversees compliance with and enforces federal consumer financial protection laws, has supervisory authority over the student and mortgage lending activity in which we engage. In addition, the CFPB has substantial power to regulate financial products and services received by consumers from both bank and non-bank lenders, including rulemaking authority in enumerated areas of federal law traditionally applicable to consumer lending such as truth in lending, fair credit reporting and fair debt collection. The CFPB has the authority to pursue enforcement actions against companies that offer or provide consumer financial products or services, including lenders and loan servicers that engage in unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices (“UDAAP”). The CFPB may also seek a range of other remedies, including rescission of contracts, refund of money, return of real property, restitution, disgorgement of profits or other compensation for unjust enrichment, damages, public notification of the violation, and “conduct” restrictions (i.e., future limits on the target’s activities or functions). In addition, where a company has violated Title X of the Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) or CFPB regulations under Title X, the Dodd-Frank Act empowers state attorneys general and state regulators to bring certain civil actions.
We hold lending licenses or similar authorizations in multiple states, each of which has the authority to supervise and examine our activities. As a licensed consumer lender, mortgage lender, loan broker, collection agency and loan servicer in certain states, we are subject to examinations by state agencies in those states. Similarly, we are subject to licensure requirements and regulation as an education loan servicer in multiple states. An administrative proceeding, litigation, investigation or regulatory proceeding relating to allegations or findings of the violation of such laws by us, any subservicer we engage, or our collection agents, could impair our ability to service and collect on our loans or could result in requirements that we pay damages, fines or penalties and/or cancel the balance or other amounts owing under one or more of our loans. There is no assurance that allegations of violations of the provisions of applicable federal or state consumer protection laws will not be asserted against us, any subservicer we engage or our collection agents or other prior owners of our loans in the future. To the extent it is determined that any of our loans were not originated in accordance with all applicable laws, we may be obligated to repurchase such loan from a whole loan buyer, securitization trust or warehouse facility.
We must comply with federal, state and local consumer protection laws including, among others, the federal and state UDAAP laws, the Federal Trade Commission Act, the Truth in Lending Act, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Housing Act, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, the Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act (“FCRA”), the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, the Military Lending Act, the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, the CARES Act, and the Dodd-Frank Act. We must also comply with laws on advertising, as well as privacy laws, including the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (the “TCPA”), the Telemarketing Sales Rule, the CAN-SPAM Act, the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, and the newly enacted California Consumer Privacy Act (the “CCPA”). Privacy and data security concerns, data collection and transfer restrictions, contractual obligations and U.S. laws and regulations related to data privacy, security and protection could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Compliance with applicable law is costly, and our failure to comply with applicable federal, state and local law could lead to:
loss of our licenses and approvals to engage in our lending and servicing businesses;
damage to our reputation in the industry;
governmental investigations and enforcement actions;
administrative fines and penalties and litigation;
civil and criminal liability, including class action lawsuits;
inability to enforce loan agreements;
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diminished ability to sell loans that we originate or purchase, requirements to sell such loans at a discount compared to other loans or repurchase or address indemnification claims from purchasers of such loans;
loss or restriction of warehouse facilities to fund loans;
inability to raise capital; and
inability to execute on our business strategy, including our growth plans.
For example, in the first quarter of 2019, we were subject to a consent order from the Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC Consent Order”), which resolved allegations that we misrepresented how much money student loan borrowers have saved or would save from financing their loans with us, in violation of the Federal Trade Commission Act. Under the consent order, we are prohibited from misrepresenting to consumers how much money they would save by using our products, unless the claims are backed up by reliable evidence.
While we have developed and monitor policies and procedures designed to assist in compliance with laws and regulations and the FTC Consent Order, no assurance can be given that our compliance policies and procedures will be effective and that we will not be subject to fines and penalties, including with respect to any alleged noncompliance with the FTC Consent Order. Ambiguities in applicable statutes and regulations may leave uncertainty with respect to permitted or restricted conduct and may make compliance with laws, and risk assessment decisions with respect to compliance with laws difficult and uncertain. In addition, ambiguities make it difficult, in certain circumstances, to determine if, and how, compliance violations may be cured. We may fail to comply with applicable statutes and regulations even if acting in good faith, or because governmental bodies or courts interpret existing laws or regulations in a more restrictive manner, which may lead to regulatory investigations, governmental enforcement actions or private causes of action with respect to our compliance. To resolve issues raised in examinations or other governmental actions, we may be required to take various corrective actions, including changing certain business practices, making refunds or taking other actions that could be financially or competitively detrimental to us. In some cases, regardless of fault, it may be less time-consuming or costly to settle these matters, which may require us to implement certain changes to our business practices, provide remediation to certain individuals or make a settlement payment to a given party or regulatory body. There is no assurance that any future settlements will not have a material adverse effect on our business.
We are subject to federal and state regulatory requirements that result in substantial compliance costs, and our business would be adversely affected if our licenses are impaired as a result of non-compliance with those requirements.
We hold state licenses in connection with our lending activities, our student loan servicing activities as well as our money services business activities. We must comply with state licensing requirements and varying compliance requirements in all the states in which we operate and the District of Columbia. Changes in licensing laws may result in increased disclosure requirements, increased fees, or may impose other conditions to licensing that we or our personnel are unable to meet. In most states in which we operate, a regulatory agency or agencies regulate and enforce laws relating to loan servicers, brokers, and originators, collection agencies, and money services businesses. We are subject to periodic examinations by state and other regulators in the jurisdictions in which we conduct business, which can result in increases in our administrative costs and refunds to borrowers of certain fees earned by us, and we may be required to pay substantial penalties imposed by those regulators due to compliance errors, or we may lose our license or our ability to do business in the jurisdiction otherwise may be impaired. Fines and penalties incurred in one jurisdiction may cause investigations or other actions by regulators in other jurisdictions.
We may not be able to maintain all currently requisite licenses and permits. If we change or expand our business activities, we may be required to obtain additional licenses before we can engage in those activities. If we apply for a new license, a regulator may determine that we were required to do so at an earlier point in time, and as a result, may impose penalties or refuse to issue the license, which could require us to modify or limit our activities in the relevant state. For example, in 2019, we applied, through a subsidiary, for a Pennsylvania Mortgage Servicer license. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, acting through the Department of Banking and Securities, issued a consent agreement and order ordering us to pay a $110,000 fine for engaging in the home loan servicing activity prior to obtaining the license.
In addition, the states that currently do not provide extensive regulation of our business may later choose to do so, and if such states so act, we may not be able to obtain or maintain all requisite licenses and permits, which could require us to modify or limit our activities in the relevant state or states. The failure to satisfy those and other regulatory requirements could result in
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a default under our warehouse facilities, other financial arrangements and/or servicing agreements and thereby have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may become subject to enforcement actions or litigation as a result of our failure to comply with laws and regulations, even though noncompliance was inadvertent or unintentional.
We maintain systems and procedures designed to ensure that we comply with applicable laws and regulations; however, some legal/regulatory frameworks provide for the imposition of fines or penalties for noncompliance even though the noncompliance was inadvertent or unintentional and even though there were systems and procedures designed to ensure compliance in place at the time.
For example, we engage in outbound telephone and text communications with consumers, and accordingly must comply with a number of statutes and regulations that govern said communications and the use of automatic telephone dialing systems (“ATDS”), and artificial or pre-recorded voice, including the TCPA and Telemarketing Sales Rules. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (the “FCC”), and the FTC have responsibility for regulating various aspects of these laws. Among other requirements, the TCPA requires us to obtain prior express written consent for certain telemarketing calls and to adhere to “do-not-call” registry requirements which, in part, mandate we maintain and regularly update lists of consumers who have chosen not to be called and restrict calls to consumers who are on the national do-not-call list. Many states have similar consumer protection laws regulating telemarketing. These laws limit our ability to communicate with consumers and reduce the effectiveness of our marketing programs. The TCPA does not distinguish between voice and data, and, as such, SMS/MMS messages are also “calls” for the purpose of TCPA obligations and restrictions.
For violations of the TCPA, the law provides for a private right of action under which a plaintiff may recover monetary damages of $500 for each call or text made in violation of the prohibitions on calls made using an “artificial or pre-recorded voice” or an ATDS. A court may treble the amount of damages upon a finding of a “willful or knowing” violation. There is no statutory cap on maximum aggregate exposure (although some courts have applied in TCPA class actions constitutional limits on excessive penalties). An action may be brought by the FCC, a state attorney general, an individual, or a class of individuals. Like other companies that rely on telephone and text communications, we may be subject to putative class action suits alleging violations of the TCPA. If in the future we are found to have violated the TCPA, the amount of damages and potential liability could be extensive and adversely impact our business. Accordingly, were such a class certified or if we are unable to successfully defend such a suit, then TCPA damages could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Changes in consumer finance and other applicable laws and regulations, as well as changes in government enforcement policies and priorities, may negatively impact the management of our business, results of operations, ability to offer certain products or the terms and conditions upon which they are offered, and ability to compete.
Consumer finance regulation is constantly changing, and new laws or regulations, or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations, could have a materially adverse impact on our ability to operate as currently intended, and cause us to incur significant expense in order to ensure compliance. Federal and state financial services regulators are also enforcing existing laws, regulations, and rules aggressively and enhancing their supervisory expectations regarding the management of legal and regulatory compliance risks. These regulatory changes and uncertainties make our business planning more difficult and could result in changes to our business model and potentially adversely impact our results of operations. As a non-bank lender, we are subject to state licensing and usury laws. Furthermore, to the extent applicable, these laws can impose specific statutory liabilities upon creditors who fail to comply with their provisions and may affect the enforceability of a loan. If the application of consumer protection laws were to cause our loans, or any of the terms of our loans, to be unenforceable against the relevant borrowers, our business will be materially adversely affected. Even if we seek to comply with licensing and other requirements that we believe may be applicable to us, if we are found to not have complied with applicable laws, we could lose one or more of our licenses or authorizations or face other sanctions or penalties or be required to obtain a license in one or more such jurisdictions, which may have an adverse effect on our business.
Proposals to change the statutes affecting financial services companies are frequently introduced in Congress and state legislatures that, if enacted, may affect their operating environment in substantial and unpredictable ways. In addition, numerous federal and state regulators have the authority to promulgate or change regulations that could have a similar effect on our operating environment. We cannot determine with any degree of certainty whether any such legislative or regulatory proposals will be enacted and, if enacted, the ultimate impact that any such potential legislation or implementing regulations, or any such potential regulatory actions by federal or state regulators, would have upon our business.
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New laws, regulations, policy or changes in enforcement of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business, or reexamination of current practices, could adversely impact our profitability, limit our ability to continue existing or pursue new business activities, require us to change certain of our business practices, affect retention of key personnel, or expose us to additional costs (including increased compliance costs and/or customer remediation). These changes also may require us to invest significant resources, and devote significant management attention, to make any necessary changes and could adversely affect our business.
We are subject to the risk that regulatory or enforcement agencies and/or consumer advocacy groups may assert that our business practices may violate certain rules, laws and regulations, including anti-discrimination statutes.
Antidiscrimination statutes, such as the Fair Housing Act and the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and state law equivalents, prohibit creditors from discriminating against loan applicants and borrowers based on certain characteristics, such as race, religion and national origin. Various federal regulatory and enforcement departments and agencies, including the Department of Justice and CFPB, take the position that these laws apply not only to intentional discrimination, but also to neutral practices that have a disparate impact on a group that shares a characteristic that a creditor may not consider in making credit decisions. State and federal regulators, as well as consumer advocacy groups and plaintiffs’ attorneys, are focusing greater attention on “disparate impact” claims. Similarly, these regulatory agencies and litigants could take the position that the geographical footprint within which we conduct lending activity or the manner in which we advertise loans, disproportionately excludes potential borrowers belonging to a protected class, and constitutes unlawful “redlining”. In addition to reputational harm, violations of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and the Fair Housing Act can result in actual damages, punitive damages, injunctive or equitable relief, attorneys’ fees and civil money penalties.
Our relationships with third-party financial institutions may subject us to regulation as a service provider.
We have relationships with third parties that are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations. Our contracts with such parties may require us to comply with the laws to which such third parties are subject. As a service provider or partner to financial institutions, such as banks, we are or may become subject to regulatory oversight and examination by the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, an interagency body of the Federal Reserve, the OCC, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”), and various other federal and state regulatory authorities. In addition, independent auditors annually review several of our operations to provide reports on internal controls for our partners’ auditors and regulators. We also may be subject to possible review by state agencies that regulate our partners.
Changes to laws and regulations and enhanced regulatory oversight of our partners and us may compel us to divert more resources to compliance, terminate or modify our relationships with our partners, or otherwise limit the manner in which we conduct our business. If we are unable to adapt our products and services to conform to applicable laws and regulations, or if these laws and regulations have a negative impact on our partners, we may experience losses or increased operating costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our Financial Services segment is subject to the regulatory framework applicable to investment managers and broker-dealers, including regulation by the SEC and FINRA.
We offer investment management services through SoFi Wealth LLC, an internet based investment adviser and SoFi Capital Advisors, LLC, which sponsors private investment funds that invest in asset-backed securitizations. Both SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Capital Advisors LLC are registered as investment advisers under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”), and are subject to regulation by the SEC. SoFi Securities is an affiliated registered broker-dealer and FINRA member. We offer cash management accounts, which are brokerage products, through SoFi Securities.
The investment advisers are subject to the anti-fraud provisions of the Advisers Act and to fiduciary duties derived from these provisions, which apply to our relationships with our members who are advisory clients, as well as the funds we manage. These provisions and duties impose restrictions and obligations on us with respect to our dealings with our members, fund investors and our investments, including for example restrictions on transactions with our affiliates. Our investment advisers have in the past and will in the future be subject to periodic SEC examinations. Our investment advisers are also subject to other requirements under the Advisers Act and related regulations primarily intended to benefit advisory members. These additional requirements relate to matters including maintaining effective and comprehensive compliance programs, record-keeping and reporting and disclosure requirements. The Advisers Act generally grants the SEC broad administrative powers, including the power to limit or restrict an investment adviser from conducting advisory activities in the event it fails to comply with federal securities laws. Additional sanctions that may be imposed for failure to comply with applicable requirements include the prohibition of individuals from associating with an investment adviser, the revocation of registrations and other
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censures and fines. Even if an investigation or proceeding did not result in a sanction or the sanction imposed against us or our personnel by a regulator were small in monetary amount, the adverse publicity relating to the investigation, proceeding or imposition of these sanctions could harm our reputation and cause us to lose existing members or fail to gain new members. See “Information About SoFi—Legal Proceedings”.
Our subsidiary, SoFi Securities, is an affiliated registered broker-dealer and FINRA member. The securities industry is highly regulated, including under federal, state and other applicable laws, rules, and regulations, and we may be adversely affected by regulatory changes related to suitability of financial products, supervision, sales practices, advertising, application of fiduciary standards, best execution, and market structure, any of which could limit our business and damage our reputation. FINRA has adopted extensive regulatory requirements relating to sales practices, advertising, registration of personnel, compliance and supervision, and compensation and disclosure, to which SoFi Securities and its personnel are subject. FINRA and the SEC also have the authority to conduct periodic examinations of SoFi Securities, and may also conduct administrative proceedings. See “Information About SoFi — Government Regulation — SoFi Invest and SoFi Money”. Additionally, material expansions of the business in which SoFi Securities engages are subject to approval by FINRA. This could delay, or even prevent, the firm’s ability to expand its securities and brokerage offerings in the future.
From time to time, SoFi Securities and SoFi Wealth may be threatened with or named as a defendant in lawsuits, arbitrations and administrative claims. The firm is also subject to periodic regulatory examinations and inspections by regulators (including the SEC and FINRA). Compliance and trading problems or other deficiencies or weakness that are reported to regulators, such as the SEC and FINRA, by dissatisfied customers or others, or that are identified by regulators themselves are investigated by such regulators, and may, if pursued, result in formal claims being filed against SoFi Securities and SoFi Wealth by customers or disciplinary action being taken by regulators against the firm or its employees. Our failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations or our own policies and procedures could result in fines, litigation, suspensions of personnel or other sanctions, which could have a material effect on our overall financial results. Even if a sanction imposed against us or our personnel is small in monetary amount, the adverse publicity arising from the imposition of sanctions against us by regulators could harm our reputation and our brand and lead to material legal, regulatory and financial exposure (including fines and other penalties), cause us to lose existing members or fail to gain new members. In addition, in the normal course of business, SoFi Securities and SoFi Wealth discuss matters with its regulators raised during regulatory examinations or otherwise subject to their inquiry. These matters could result in censures, fines, penalties or other sanctions.
SoFi Securities is required to provide notice of the Merger to various regulators, in relation to the resulting change of control of the firm, and also must receive certain approvals prior to the consummation of the Merger. This includes approval by FINRA of a Continuing Membership Application (“CMA”). FINRA’s timeline to issue a decision on the prospective CMA is difficult to predict and may extend beyond the anticipated timing of the closing of the Merger.
Evolving laws and government regulations could adversely affect our Financial Services segment.
Governmental regulation of global financial markets and financial institutions is pervasive and continually evolving. This includes regulation of investment managers and activities, through the implementation of compliance, risk management and anti-money laundering procedures; restrictions on specific types of investments and the provision and use of leverage; capital requirements; limitations on compensation to managers; and books and records, reporting and disclosure requirements. The effects on us of future regulation, or of changes in the interpretation and enforcement of existing regulation, could have an adverse effect on our investment strategies or our business model. Policy changes and regulatory reform by the U.S. federal government may create regulatory uncertainty for our members’ portfolios and our investment strategies and adversely affect our profitability.
The regulatory regime governing blockchain technologies and cryptocurrencies is uncertain, and new regulations or policies may alter our business practices with respect to cryptocurrency.
We currently offer virtual currency and cryptocurrency-related trading services through a subsidiary that is licensed and registered with various governmental authorities as a money service business, money transmitter, virtual currency business, or the equivalent. Although many regulators have provided some guidance, regulation of digital assets based on or incorporating blockchain, such as cryptocurrencies and cryptocurrency exchanges, remains uncertain and will continue to evolve. Further, regulation varies significantly among international, federal, state and local jurisdictions. As blockchain networks and blockchain assets have grown in popularity and in market size, federal and state agencies are increasingly taking interest in, and in certain cases regulating, their use and operation. Treatment of virtual currencies continues to evolve under federal and state law. Many U.S. regulators, including the SEC, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, or FinCEN, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, or the CFTC, the Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and state regulators including the New York State
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Department of Financial Services, or NYSDFS, have made official pronouncements or issued guidance or rules regarding the treatment of Bitcoin and other digital currencies. The IRS released guidance treating virtual currency as property that is not currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes, although there is no indication yet whether other courts or federal or state regulators will follow this classification. Both federal and state agencies have instituted enforcement actions against those violating their interpretation of existing laws. Other U.S. and many state agencies have offered little official guidance and issued no definitive rules regarding the treatment of cryptocurrency. The CFTC has publicly taken the position that certain virtual currencies, which term includes cryptocurrencies, are commodities. To the extent that Bitcoin is deemed to fall within the definition of a “commodity interest” under the Commodity Exchange Act, or CEA, we may be subject to additional regulation under the CEA and CFTC regulations.
As blockchain technologies and cryptocurrency business activities grow in popularity and market size, and as new cryptocurrency businesses and technologies emerge and proliferate, foreign, federal, state, and local regulators revisit and update their laws and policies, and can be expected to continue to do so in the future. Changes in this regulatory environment, including changing interpretations and the implementation of new or varying regulatory requirements by the government, may significantly affect or change the manner in which we currently conduct some aspects of our business. While the revenues we generate from offering cryptocurrency-related trading services are currently immaterial, a significant increase in these revenues would heighten our regulatory risks and other risks we face.
States may require licenses that apply to blockchain technologies and cryptocurrencies.
In the case of virtual currencies, state regulators such as the New York State Department of Financial Services (“NYSDFS”) have created new regulatory frameworks. For example, in July 2014, the NYSDFS proposed the first U.S. regulatory framework for licensing participants in virtual currency business activity. The regulations, known as the “BitLicense”, are intended to focus on consumer protection. The NYSDFS issued its final BitLicense regulatory framework in June 2015. The BitLicense regulates the conduct of businesses that are involved in virtual currencies in New York or with New York customers and prohibits any person or entity involved in such activity from conducting such activities without a license. SoFi Digital Assets, LLC currently holds a BitLicense.
Other states may adopt similar statutes and regulations which will require us to obtain a license to conduct cryptocurrency activities. In July 2020, Louisiana adopted the Virtual Currency Business Act, which will require operators of virtual currency businesses to obtain a virtual currency license in order to conduct business in Louisiana, in accordance with a proposed rule, which is expected to be issued as a final rule by the Louisiana Office of Financial Institutions in early 2021. Other states, such as Texas, have published guidance on how their existing regulatory regimes governing money transmitters apply to virtual currencies. Some states, such as New Hampshire, North Carolina and Washington, have amended their state’s statutes to include virtual currencies into existing licensing regimes, while others have interpreted their existing statutes as requiring a money transmitter license to conduct certain virtual currency business activities. SoFi Digital Assets, LLC is licensed as a money transmitter or the equivalent in 32 states and the District of Columbia.
It is likely that, as blockchain technologies and the use of virtual currencies continues to grow, additional states will take steps to monitor the developing industry and perhaps require us to obtain additional licenses in connection with our virtual currency activity.
Failure to comply with anti-money laundering, economic and trade sanctions regulations, and similar laws could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.
Various laws and regulations in the United States and abroad, such as the Bank Secrecy Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, the USA PATRIOT Act, and the Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act (the “CARD Act”), impose certain anti-money laundering requirements on companies that are financial institutions or that provide financial products and services. Under these laws and regulations, financial institutions are broadly defined to include money services businesses such as money transmitters. In 2013, FinCEN issued guidance regarding the applicability of the Bank Secrecy Act to administrators and exchangers of convertible virtual currency, clarifying that they are money service businesses, and more specifically, money transmitters. The Bank Secrecy Act requires money services businesses (“MSBs”) to develop and implement risk-based anti-money laundering programs, report large cash transactions and suspicious activity, and maintain transaction records, among other requirements. State regulators may impose similar requirements on licensed money transmitters. In addition, our contracts with financial institution partners and other third parties may contractually require us to maintain an anti-money laundering program. Our subsidiary, SoFi Digital Assets, LLC, is registered with FinCEN as an MSB. Registration as an MSB subjects us to the regulatory and supervisory jurisdiction of FinCEN and the IRS, the anti-money laundering provisions of the BSA and its implementing regulations applicable to MSBs.
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We are also subject to economic and trade sanctions programs administered by the Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, or OFAC, which prohibit or restrict transactions to or from or dealings with specified countries, their governments, and in certain circumstances, their nationals, and with individuals and entities that are specially-designated nationals of those countries, narcotics traffickers, terrorists or terrorist organizations, and other sanctioned persons and entities.
Our failure to comply with anti-money laundering, economic and trade sanctions regulations, and similar laws could subject us to substantial civil and criminal penalties, or result in the loss or restriction of our MSB or broker-dealer registrations and state licenses, or liability under our contracts with third parties, which may significantly affect our ability to conduct some aspects of our business. Changes in this regulatory environment, including changing interpretations and the implementation of new or varying regulatory requirements by the government, may significantly affect or change the manner in which we currently conduct some aspects of our business.
We have in the past, and continue to be, subject to inquiries, exams, pending investigations, or enforcement matters.
The financial services industry is subject to extensive regulation under federal, state, and applicable international laws. From time to time, we have been threatened with or named as a defendant in lawsuits, arbitrations and administrative claims involving securities, consumer financial services and other matters. We are also subject to periodic regulatory examinations and inspections. Compliance and trading problems or other deficiencies or weaknesses that are reported to regulators, such as the SEC, FINRA, the CFPB, or state regulators, by dissatisfied customers or others, or that are identified by regulators themselves, are investigated by such regulators, and may, if pursued, result in formal claims being filed against us by customers or disciplinary action being taken against us or our employees by regulators or enforcement agencies. For example, the CFPB has issued a civil investigative demand, or CID, to Galileo, the stated purpose of which is to determine whether Galileo violated any consumer financial laws in connection with an outage that caused difficulty for consumers to access funds in their accounts and to determine whether further CFPB action is necessary. We intend to cooperate with the CFPB in this investigation and impacted consumers were already provided with redress. See “Information About SoFi — Legal Proceedings”. To resolve issues raised in examinations or other governmental actions, we may be required to take various corrective actions, including changing certain business practices, making refunds or taking other actions that could be financially or competitively detrimental to us. We expect to continue to incur costs to comply with governmental regulations. Any such claims or disciplinary actions that are decided against us could have a material impact on our financial results.
We recently entered into an agreement to acquire a national bank, which if successful would subject us to comprehensive regulation and supervision under applicable banking laws.
If we acquire control of a bank or a bank holding company, we would become subject to regulation and supervision by the Federal Reserve, and the Bank would be subject to regulation and supervision by the OCC and the FDIC. The bank regulatory regime could affect many aspects of our operations, including maintenance of adequate capital and liquidity levels and our overall financial condition, permissible types, amounts and terms of extensions of credit and investments, board and management oversight, rate of growth, enterprise-wide risk management practices, compliance obligations, permissible nonbanking activities, and restrictions on dividend payments and stock buy-backs. If we acquire control of a bank, then certain changes in ownership or control of us would require prior approval of applicable banking regulators. The OCC possesses the power to issue cease and desist orders to prevent or remedy unsafe or unsound practices or violations of law by banks subject to their regulation, and the Federal Reserve possesses similar powers with respect to bank holding companies. These and other restrictions would limit the manner in which we may conduct business and obtain financing.
In general, the bank supervisory framework is intended to protect insured depositors and the safety, soundness and stability of the U.S. financial system and not shareholders in depository institutions or their holding companies. Our efforts to comply with the bank regulatory framework are likely to require substantial time, monetary and human resource commitments, and these regulatory requirements may cause us to forego other growth or potentially profitable opportunities. If any new regulations or interpretations of existing regulations to which we are subject impose requirements on us that are impractical or that we cannot satisfy, our financial performance, and our stock price, may be adversely affected.
Regulations relating to privacy, information security, and data protection could increase our costs, affect or limit how we collect and use personal information, and adversely affect our business opportunities.
We are subject to various privacy, information security and data protection laws, including requirements concerning security breach notification, and we could be negatively impacted by them. For example, we are subject to the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (“GLBA”) and implementing regulations and guidance. Among other things, the GLBA (i) imposes certain limitations on the ability to share consumers’ nonpublic personal information with nonaffiliated third parties and (ii) requires
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certain disclosures to consumers about their information collection, sharing and security practices and their right to “opt out” of the institution’s disclosure of their personal financial information to nonaffiliated third parties (with certain exceptions). The GLBA and other state laws also require that we implement and maintain certain security measures, policies and procedures to protect personal information.
Furthermore, legislators and/or regulators are increasingly adopting new and/or amending existing privacy, information security and data protection laws that potentially could have a significant impact on our current and planned privacy, data protection and information security-related practices; our policies and practices related to the collection, use, sharing, retention and safeguarding of consumer and/or employee information; and some of our current or planned business activities. New requirements, originating from new or amended laws, could also increase our costs of compliance and business operations and could reduce income from certain business initiatives.
Compliance with current or future privacy, information security and data protection laws (including those regarding security breach notification) affecting customer and/or employee data to which we are subject could result in higher compliance and technology costs and could restrict our ability to provide certain products and services (such as products or services that involve sharing information with third parties or storing sensitive credit card information), which could materially and adversely affect our profitability. Additionally, there is always a danger that regulators can attempt to assert authority over our business in the area of privacy, information security and data protection. In addition, if our vendors and/or service providers are or become subject to laws and regulations in the jurisdictions that have enacted more stringent and expansive legislation applicable to privacy, information and/or data protection, the costs that these vendors and service providers must incur in becoming compliant may be passed along to us, resulting in increasing costs on our business.
Privacy requirements, including notice and opt-out requirements, under the GLBA and the FCRA are enforced by the Federal Trade Commission and by the CFPB through UDAAP and are a standard component of CFPB examinations. State entities also may initiate actions for alleged violations of privacy or security requirements under state law. Our failure to comply with privacy, information security and data protection laws could result in potentially significant regulatory investigations and government actions, litigation, fines or sanctions, consumer or merchant actions and damage to our reputation and brand, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Should we undertake an international expansion of our business, particularly if we commence doing business in one or more countries of the European Union, we will be required to comply with stringent privacy and data protection laws. Within the European Union, legislators have adopted the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, which became effective in May 2018. Should we commence doing business in Europe, the GDPR will impose additional obligations and risk upon our business, which may increase substantially the penalties to which we could be subject in the event of any non-compliance. We may incur substantial expense in complying with obligations imposed by the GDPR and we may be required to make significant changes in our business operations, all of which may adversely affect our revenues and our business overall. Further, following the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union on January 31, 2020, if we do business in the United Kingdom, we will have to comply with the GDPR and separately the GDPR as implemented in the United Kingdom, each regime having the ability to fine up to the greater of €20 million/£17 million or 4% of global turnover. The relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union in relation to certain aspects of data protection law remains unclear, including how data transfers between European Union member states and the United Kingdom will be treated. These changes may lead to additional compliance costs and could increase our overall risk.
We may in the future be subject to federal or state regulatory inquiries regarding our business.
From time to time, in the normal course of business, we may receive or be subject to, inquiries or investigations by state and federal regulatory or enforcement agencies and bodies, such as the CFPB, state attorneys general, state financial regulatory agencies, other state or federal agencies, and self-regulatory organizations like FINRA. We also may receive inquiries from state regulatory agencies regarding requirements to obtain licenses from or register with those states, including in states where we have determined that we are not required to obtain such a license or be registered with the state. Any such inquiries or investigations could involve substantial time and expense to analyze and respond to, could divert management’s attention and other resources from running our business, and could lead to public enforcement actions or lawsuits and fines, penalties, injunctive relief, and the need to obtain additional licenses that we do not currently possess. Our involvement in any such matters, whether tangential or otherwise and even if the matters are ultimately determined in our favor, could also cause significant harm to our reputation, lead to additional investigations and enforcement actions from other agencies or litigants, and further divert management attention and resources from the operation of our business. As a result, the outcome of legal and regulatory actions arising out of any state or federal inquiries we receive could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. See “Information About SoFi—Legal Proceedings”.
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It may be difficult and costly to protect our intellectual property rights, and we may not be able to ensure their protection.
Our ability to lend to our members depends, in part, upon our proprietary technology. We may be unable to protect our proprietary technology effectively, which would allow competitors to duplicate our business processes and know-how, and adversely affect our ability to compete with them. A third party may attempt to reverse engineer or otherwise obtain and use our proprietary technology without our consent. The pursuit of a claim against a third party for infringement of our intellectual property could be costly, and there can be no guarantee that any such efforts would be successful.
In addition, the SoFi platform may infringe upon claims of third-party intellectual property, and we may face intellectual property challenges from such other parties. We may not be successful in defending against any such challenges or in obtaining licenses to avoid or resolve any intellectual property disputes. The costs of defending any such claims or litigation could be significant and, if we are unsuccessful, could result in a requirement that we pay significant damages or licensing fees, which would negatively impact our financial performance. Furthermore, our technology may become obsolete, and there is no guarantee that we will be able to successfully develop, obtain or use new technologies to adapt the SoFi platform to stay competitive in the future. If we cannot protect our proprietary technology from intellectual property challenges, or if the SoFi platform becomes obsolete, our ability to maintain the SoFi platform could be adversely affected.
Some aspects of the SoFi platform include open source software, and any failure to comply with the terms of one or more of these open source licenses could negatively affect our business.
We incorporate open source software into the proprietary SoFi platform and into other processes supporting our business. Such open source software may include software covered by licenses like the GNU General Public License and the Apache License or other open source licenses. The terms of various open source licenses have not been interpreted by U.S. courts, and there is a risk that such licenses could be construed in a manner that limits our use of the software, inhibits certain aspects of the SoFi platform and negatively affects our business operations.
Some open source licenses contain requirements that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon the type of open source software we use. If portions of the proprietary SoFi platform are determined to be subject to an open source license, or if the license terms for the open source software that we incorporate change, we could be required to publicly release the affected portions of our source code, re-engineer all or a portion of the SoFi platform or change our business activities. In addition to risks related to license requirements, the use of open source software can lead to greater risks than the use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of the software. Many of the risks associated with the use of open source software cannot be eliminated and could adversely affect our business.
Litigation, regulatory actions and compliance issues could subject us to significant fines, penalties, judgments, remediation costs, negative publicity, changes to our business model, and requirements resulting in increased expenses.
Our business is subject to increased risks of litigation and regulatory actions as a result of a number of factors and from various sources, including as a result of the highly regulated nature of the financial services industry and the focus of state and federal enforcement agencies on the financial services industry.
From time to time, we are also involved in, or the subject of, reviews, requests for information, investigations and proceedings (both formal and informal) by state and federal governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations, regarding our business activities and our qualifications to conduct our business in certain jurisdictions, which could subject us to significant fines, penalties, obligations to change our business practices and other requirements resulting in increased expenses and diminished earnings. Our involvement in any such matter also could cause significant harm to our reputation and divert management attention from the operation of our business, even if the matters are ultimately determined in our favor. Moreover, any settlement, or any consent order or adverse judgment in connection with any formal or informal proceeding or investigation by a government agency, may prompt litigation or additional investigations or proceedings as other litigants or other government agencies begin independent reviews of the same activities. See “— Our Lending segment is highly regulated, and if we fail to comply with federal and state consumer protection laws, rules, regulations and guidance, our business could be adversely affected” for a discussion of the FTC Consent Order and “— We are subject to state licensing and operational requirements that result in substantial compliance costs, and our business would be adversely affected if our licenses are impaired.
In addition, a number of participants in the financial services industry have been the subject of: putative class action lawsuits; state attorney general actions and other state regulatory actions; federal regulatory enforcement actions, including
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actions relating to alleged unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices; violations of state licensing and lending laws, including state usury laws; actions alleging discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, gender or other prohibited bases; and allegations of noncompliance with various state and federal laws and regulations relating to originating and servicing consumer finance loans. For example, we are defendants in a putative class action in which it is alleged that we engaged in unlawful lending discrimination through policies and practices making two categories of certain non-U.S. citizen loan applicants — U.S. residents who hold Deferred Action for Child Arrivals (“DACA”) and U.S. residents who hold green cards with a validity period of less than two years — ineligible for loans or eligible only with a co-signer who is U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident. In addition, Galileo is a defendant in a putative class action in which various claims arising from an intermittent disruption in service experienced by certain holders of deposit accounts at one of Galileo’s customers, which prevented individuals from accessing or using account funds for a period of time. The CFPB is also conducting an investigation into this matter. See “Information About SoFi — Legal Proceedings” for further information about this action.
The current regulatory environment, increased regulatory compliance efforts and enhanced regulatory enforcement have resulted in significant operational and compliance costs and may prevent us from providing certain products and services. There is no assurance that these regulatory matters or other factors will not, in the future, affect how we conduct our business and, in turn, have a material adverse effect on our business. In particular, legal proceedings brought under state consumer protection statutes or under several of the various federal consumer financial services statutes may result in a separate fine for each violation of the statute, which, particularly in the case of class action lawsuits, could result in damages substantially in excess of the amounts we earned from the underlying activities.
In addition, from time to time, through our operational and compliance controls, we identify compliance and other issues that require us to make operational changes and, depending on the nature of the issue, result in financial remediation to impacted members. These self-identified issues and voluntary remediation payments could be significant, depending on the issue and the number of members impacted, and also could generate litigation or regulatory investigations that subject us to additional risk. See “Information About SoFi—Legal Proceedings”.
Changes in tax law and differences in interpretation of tax laws and regulations may adversely impact our financial statements.
We operate in multiple jurisdictions and are subject to tax laws and regulations of the U.S. federal, state and local and non-U.S. governments. U.S. federal, state and local and non-U.S. tax laws and regulations are complex and subject to varying interpretations. U.S. federal, state and local and non-U.S. tax authorities may interpret tax laws and regulations differently than we do and challenge tax positions that we have taken. This may result in differences in the treatment of revenues, deductions, credits and/or differences in the timing of these items. The differences in treatment may result in payment of additional taxes, interest or penalties that could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Further, future changes to U.S. federal, state and local and non-U.S. tax laws and regulations could increase our tax obligations in jurisdictions where we do business or require us to change the manner in which we conduct some aspects of our business.
We will be adversely affected if we or any of our subsidiaries is determined to have been subject to registration as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
We are currently not deemed an “investment company” subject to regulation under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”). No opinion or no-action position has been requested of the SEC on our status as an Investment Company. There is no guarantee we will continue to be exempt from registration under the Investment Company Act and were we to be deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, and thus subject to regulation under the Investment Company Act, the increased reporting and operating requirements could have an adverse impact on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.
In addition, if the SEC or a court of competent jurisdiction were to find that we are in violation of the Investment Company Act for having failed to register as an investment company thereunder, possible consequences include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) the SEC could apply to a district court to enjoin the violation; (ii) we could be sued by investors in SoFi and in our securities for damages caused by the violation; and (iii) any contract to which we are a party that is made in, or whose performance involves a, violation of the Investment Company Act would be unenforceable by any party to the contract unless a court were to find that under the circumstances enforcement would produce a more equitable result than nonenforcement and would not be inconsistent with the purposes of the Investment Company Act. Should we be subjected to any or all of the foregoing, our business would be materially and adversely affected.
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Personnel and Business Continuity Risks
We rely on our management team and will require additional key personnel to grow our business, and the loss of key management members or key employees, or an inability to hire key personnel, could harm our business.
We believe our success has depended, and continues to depend, on the efforts and talents of our senior management, who have significant experience in the financial services and technology industries, are responsible for our core competencies and would be difficult to replace. Our future success depends on our continuing ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain highly qualified and skilled employees. Qualified individuals are in high demand, and we may incur significant costs to attract and retain them. In addition, the loss of any of our senior management or key employees could materially adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan and strategy, and we may not be able to find adequate replacements on a timely basis, or at all. Our executive officers and other employees are at-will employees, which means they may terminate their employment relationship with us at any time, and their knowledge of our business and industry would be extremely difficult to replace. We cannot ensure that we will be able to retain the services of any members of our senior management or other key employees. If we do not succeed in attracting well-qualified employees or retaining and motivating existing employees, our business could be materially and adversely affected.
The competitive job market creates a challenge and potential risk as we strive to attract and retain a highly skilled workforce.
Competition for our employees, including highly skilled technology and product professionals, is extremely intense reflecting a tight labor market. This can present a risk as we compete for experienced candidates, especially if the competition is able to offer more attractive financial terms of employment. This risk extends to our current employee population. In addition, we are based in locations that have been significantly impacted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which could cause a migration of talented employees away from our locations, making it even more challenging to attract and retain skilled professionals. We also invest significant time and expense in engaging and developing our employees, which also increases their value to other companies that may seek to recruit them. Turnover can result in significant replacement costs and lost productivity.
In addition, recent U.S. immigration policy has made it more difficult for qualified foreign nationals to obtain or maintain work visas under the H-1B classification. These H-1B visa limitations make it more difficult and/or more expensive for us to hire the skilled professionals we need to execute our growth strategy, especially engineering, data analytics and risk management personnel, and may adversely impact our business.
Due to our fully remote workforce, we may face increased business continuity and cyber risks that could significantly harm our business and operations.
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused us to modify our business practices by migrating to a primarily remote workforce where our employees are accessing our servers remotely through home or other networks to perform their job responsibilities. While most of our operations can be performed remotely and are operating effectively at present, there is no guarantee that this will continue or that we will continue to be as effective while working remotely because our team is dispersed, many employees may have additional personal needs to attend to (such as looking after children as a result of school closures or a family member who becomes sick), and employees may become sick themselves and be unable to work. As conditions improve and restrictions are lifted, similar uncertainties exist with the return to work process.
Additionally, while we put in place additional safeguards to protect data security and privacy, a remote workforce places additional pressure on our user infrastructure and third parties that are not easily mitigated. These risks include home internet availability affecting work continuity and efficiency, and additional dependencies on third-party communication tools, such as instant messaging and online meeting platforms.
Our business is subject to the risks of natural disasters, power outages, telecommunications failures and similar events, including COVID-19 and additional public health crises, and to interruption by man-made problems such as terrorism, cyberattack, and other actions, which may impact the demand for our products or our members’ ability to repay their loans.
Events beyond our control may damage our ability to maintain our platform and provide services to our members. Such events include, but are not limited to, hurricanes, earthquakes, fires, floods and other natural disasters, public health crises, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic or other infectious diseases, power outages, telecommunications failures and similar events. See “ — COVID-19 Pandemic Risks” for further discussion of risks related to COVID-19. Despite any precautions we
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may take, system interruptions and delays could occur if there is a natural disaster, if a third-party provider closes a facility we use without adequate notice for financial or other reasons, or if there are other unanticipated problems at our leased facilities. Because we rely heavily on our servers, computer and communications systems and the Internet to conduct our business and provide high-quality service to our members, disruptions could harm our ability to effectively run our business. Moreover, our members and customers face similar risks, which could directly or indirectly impact our business. For example, in October 2019, one of Galileo's customers experienced intermittent disruptions in service, which prevented its customers from accessing or using their deposit accounts. Galileo was named as a defendant in a putative class action as a result of the disruption in service its customer experienced, captioned as Richards, et. al v. Chime Financial, Inc., Galileo Financial Technologies and The Bancorp, Inc., Civil Action No. 4:19-cv-6864-HSG (N.D. Cal.), filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California in October 2019, and has agreed to a class action settlement to resolve the claims. See “Information About SoFi — Legal Proceedings” for further information about this matter. We currently use Amazon Web Services (“AWS”) and would be unable to switch instantly to another system in the event of failure to access AWS. This means that an outage of AWS could result in our system being unavailable for a significant period of time. Terrorism, cyberattacks and other criminal, tortious or unintentional actions could also give rise to significant disruptions to our operations. Our business interruption insurance may not be sufficient to compensate us for losses that may result from interruptions in our service as a result of system failures or other disruptions. Comparable natural and other risks may reduce demand for our products or cause our members to suffer significant losses and/or incur significant disruption in their respective operations, which may affect their ability to satisfy their obligations towards us. All of the foregoing could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Employee misconduct, which can be difficult to detect and deter, could harm our reputation and subject us to significant legal liability.
We operate in an industry in which integrity and the confidence of our members is of critical importance. We are subject to risks of errors and misconduct by our employees that could adversely affect our business, including:
engaging in misrepresentation or fraudulent activities when marketing or performing online brokerage and other services to our members;
improperly using or disclosing confidential information of our members or other parties;
concealing unauthorized or unsuccessful activities; or
otherwise not complying with applicable laws and regulations or our internal policies or procedures.
There have been numerous highly-publicized cases of fraud and other misconduct by financial services industry employees. The precautions that we take to detect and deter employee misconduct might not be effective. If any of our employees engage in illegal, improper, or suspicious activity or other misconduct, we could suffer serious harm to our reputation, financial condition, member relationships, and our ability to attract new members. We also could become subject to regulatory sanctions and significant legal liability, which could cause serious harm to our financial condition, reputation, member relationships and prospects of attracting additional members.
Risk Management and Financial Reporting Risks
As a private company, we have not endeavored to establish and maintain public-company-quality internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to establish and maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting, as a public company, our ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements could be impaired, investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting and the trading price of our common stock may decline.
Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, following completion of the Business Combination, the report by management on internal control over financial reporting will be on SoFi’s financial reporting and internal controls (as accounting acquirer), and an attestation of the independent registered public accounting firm will also be required. As a private company, SoFi has not previously been required to conduct an internal control evaluation and assessment. The rules governing the standards that must be met for management to assess internal control over financial reporting are complex and require significant documentation, testing and possible remediation.
To comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the requirements of being a reporting company under the Exchange Act and any complex accounting rules in the future, SoFi Technologies, as the combined company, may need to upgrade SoFi’s legacy
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information technology systems; implement additional financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures; and hire additional accounting and finance staff. If SoFi Technologies is unable to hire the additional accounting and finance staff necessary to comply with these requirements, it may need to retain additional outside consultants. If SoFi Technologies or, if required, its independent registered public accounting firm, are unable to conclude that its internal control over financial reporting is effective, investors may lose confidence in its financial reporting, which could negatively impact the price of its securities.
On April 12, 2021, the Acting Director of the Division of Corporation Finance and Acting Chief Accountant of the SEC together issued a statement regarding the accounting and reporting considerations for warrants issued by special purpose acquisition companies entitled “Staff Statement on Accounting and Reporting Considerations for Warrants Issued by Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (the “SEC Statement”). Following tie issuance of the SEC statement, on April 22, 2021, SCH concluded that it was appropriate to restate its previously issued audited financial statements as of and for the period ended December 31, 2020, and as part of such process, SCH identified a material weakness in its internal control over financial reporting. As the accounting acquirer in the Business Combination, we will inherit this material weakness and the warrants. See “Risks Related to the Business Combination and SCH—We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020. If we are unable to develop and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results in a timely manner, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and materially and adversely affect our business and operating results” and “Risks Related to the Business Combination and SCH—Our warrants are accounted for as liabilities and the changes in value of our warrants could have a material effect on our financial results.”
We and, following completion of the Business Combination, SoFi Technologies cannot assure you that there will not be additional material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting now or in the future. Any failure to maintain internal control over financial reporting could severely inhibit SoFi Technologies’ ability to accurately report its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. If SoFi Technologies is unable to conclude that its internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if its independent registered public accounting firm determines that SoFi Technologies has a material weakness in its internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of its financial reports, the market price of its common stock could decline, and it could be subject to sanctions or investigations by Nasdaq, the SEC or other regulatory authorities. Failure to remedy any material weakness in SoFi Technologies’ internal control over financial reporting, or to implement or maintain other effective control systems required of public companies, could also restrict its future access to the capital markets.
Our risk management processes and procedures may not be effective.
Our risk management processes and procedures seek to appropriately balance risk and return and mitigate risks. We have established processes and procedures intended to identify, measure, monitor and control the types of risk to which we are subject, including credit risk, deposit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, strategic risk, operational risk, cybersecurity risk, and reputational risk. Credit risk is the risk of loss that arises when a loan obligor fails to meet the terms of a loan repayment obligation, the loan enters default, and if uncured results in financial loss of remaining principal and interest to the investor. Our exposure to credit risk mainly arises from our lending activities. Deposit risk refers to accelerated availability of depositor funds, prior to settlement, risk of ACH returns or merchant settlements, and transactional limits that may be applied to deposit accounts. Market risk is the risk of loss due to changes in external market factors, such as interest rates, asset prices, and foreign exchange rates. Liquidity risk is the risk that financial condition or overall safety and soundness are adversely affected by an inability, or perceived inability, to meet obligations (e.g., current and future cash flow needs) and support business growth. We actively monitor our liquidity position and at the broker-dealer subsidiary level. Strategic risk is the risk from changes in the business environment, ineffective business strategies, improper implementation of decisions or inadequate responsiveness to changes in the business and competitive environment.
Our management is responsible for defining the priorities, initiatives, and resources necessary to execute our strategic plan, the success of which is regularly evaluated by the board of directors. Operational risk is the risk of loss arising from inadequate or failed internal processes, controls, people (e.g., human error or misconduct) or systems (e.g., technology problems), business continuity or external events (e.g., natural disasters), compliance, reputational, regulatory, or legal matters and includes those risks as they relate directly to us, fraud losses attributed to applications and any associated fines and monetary penalties as a result, transaction processing, or employees, as well as to third parties with whom we contract or otherwise do business. Operational risk is one of the most prevalent forms of risk in our risk profile. We strive to manage operational risk by establishing policies and procedures to accomplish timely and efficient processing, obtaining periodic internal control attestations from management, conducting internal process Risk Control Self-Assessments and audit reviews to evaluate the effectiveness of internal controls.
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In order to be effective, among other things, our enterprise risk management capabilities must adapt and align to support any new product or loan features, capability, strategic development, or external change. Cybersecurity risk is the risk of a malicious technological attack intended to impact the confidentiality, availability, or integrity of our systems and data, including, but not limited to, sensitive client data. Our technology and information security teams rely on a layered system of preventive and detective technologies, practices, and policies to detect, mitigate, and neutralize cybersecurity threats. In addition, our information security team and third-party consultants regularly assesses our cybersecurity risks and mitigation efforts. Cyberattacks can also result in financial and reputational risk.
Reputational risk is the risk arising from possible negative perceptions of us, whether true or not, among our current and prospective members, counterparties, employees, and regulators. The potential for either enhancing or damaging our reputation is inherent in almost all aspects of business activity. We manage this risk through our commitment to a set of core values that emphasize and reward high standards of ethical behavior, maintaining a culture of compliance, and by being responsive to member and regulatory requirements.
Risk is inherent in our business, and therefore, despite our efforts to manage risk, there can be no assurance that we will not sustain unexpected losses. We could incur substantial losses and our business operations could be disrupted to the extent our business model, operational processes, control functions, technological capabilities, risk analyses, and business/product knowledge do not adequately identify and manage potential risks associated with our strategic initiatives. There also may be risks that exist, or that develop in the future, that we have not appropriately anticipated, identified or mitigated, including when processes are changed or new products and services are introduced. If our risk management framework does not effectively identify and control our risks, we could suffer unexpected losses or be adversely affected, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Incorrect estimates or assumptions by management in connection with the preparation of our consolidated financial statements could adversely affect our reported assets, liabilities, income, revenues or expenses.
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires management to make critical accounting estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income, revenues or expenses during the reporting periods. Incorrect estimates and assumptions by management could adversely affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income, revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. If we make incorrect assumptions or estimates, our reported financial results may be over- or understated, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our projections are subject to significant risks, assumptions, estimates and uncertainties. As a result, our projected revenues, market share, expenses and profitability may differ materially from our expectations.
We operate in a rapidly changing and competitive industry and our projections will be subject to the risks and assumptions made by management with respect to our industry. Operating results are difficult to forecast because they generally depend on a number of factors, including the competition we face, and our ability to attract and retain members and enterprise partnerships, while generating sustained revenues through the Financial Services Productivity Loop. Additionally, our business may be affected by reductions in consumer borrowing, spending and investing from time to time as a result of a number of factors which may be difficult to predict. This may result in decreased revenue levels, and we may be unable to adopt measures in a timely manner to compensate for any unexpected shortfall in income. This inability could cause our operating results in a given quarter to be higher or lower than expected. These factors make creating accurate forecasts and budgets challenging and, as a result, we may fall materially short of our forecasts and expectations, which could cause our stock price to decline and investors to lose confidence in us.
Information Technology and Data Risks
We depend on third parties for a wide array of services, systems and information technology applications, and a breach or violation of law by one of these third parties could disrupt our business or provide our competitors with an opportunity to enhance their position at our expense.
We depend on third parties for a wide array of financial, technology and insurance services, systems and information technology applications. Third-party vendors are significantly involved in many aspects of our software and systems development, servicing systems, the timely transmission of information across our data communication network, and for other telecommunications, processing, remittance and technology-related services in connection with our servicing or payment services businesses. Certain of our vendor agreements are terminable on short or no notice, and if current vendors were to stop
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providing services to us on acceptable terms, we may be unable to procure alternatives from other vendors in a timely and efficient manner and on acceptable terms, or at all. If a service provider fails to provide the services required or expected, or fails to meet applicable contractual or regulatory requirements such as service levels or compliance with applicable laws, the failure could negatively impact our business. Such a failure could also adversely affect the perception of the reliability of our networks and services and the quality of our brand, which could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Cyberattacks and other security breaches could have an adverse effect on our business, harm our reputation and expose us to liability.
In the normal course of business, we collect, process and retain sensitive and confidential information regarding our members and prospective members. We also have arrangements in place with certain third-party service providers that require us to share consumer information. Although we devote significant resources and management focus to ensuring the integrity of our systems through information security and business continuity programs, our facilities and systems, and those of third-party service providers, are vulnerable to external or internal security breaches, acts of vandalism, computer viruses, misplaced or lost data, programming or human errors, and other similar events. We and third-party service providers have experienced such instances in the past and expect to continue to experience them in the future. We also face security threats from malicious third parties that could obtain unauthorized access to our systems and networks, which threats we anticipate will continue to grow in scope and complexity over time. These events could interrupt our business or operations, result in significant legal and financial exposure, supervisory liability, damage to our reputation and a loss of confidence in the security of our systems, products and services. Although the impact to date from these events has not had a material adverse effect on us, no assurance is given that this will be the case in the future.
Information security risks in the financial services industry have increased recently, in part because of new technologies, the use of the Internet and telecommunications technologies (including mobile devices) to conduct financial and other business transactions and the increased sophistication and activities of organized criminals, perpetrators of fraud, hackers, terrorists and others. In addition to cyberattacks and other security breaches involving the theft of sensitive and confidential information, hackers recently have engaged in attacks that are designed to disrupt key business services, such as consumer-facing websites. We may not be able to anticipate or implement effective preventive measures against all security breaches of these types, especially because the techniques used change frequently and because attacks can originate from a wide variety of sources. We employ detection and response mechanisms designed to contain and mitigate security incidents. Nonetheless, early detection efforts may be thwarted by sophisticated attacks and malware designed to avoid detection. We also may fail to detect the existence of a security breach related to the information of our members.
The access by unauthorized persons to, or the improper disclosure by us of, confidential information regarding our members or our proprietary information, software, methodologies and business secrets could interrupt our business or operations, result in significant legal and financial exposure, supervisory liability, damage to our reputation or a loss of confidence in the security of our systems, products and services, all of which could have a material adverse impact on our business. In addition, there recently have been a number of well-publicized attacks or breaches affecting companies in the financial services industry that have heightened concern by consumers, which could also intensify regulatory focus, cause users to lose trust in the security of the industry in general and result in reduced use of our services and increased costs, all of which could also have a material adverse effect on our business.
The collection, processing, use, storage, sharing and transmission of personal data could give rise to liabilities as a result of federal, state and international laws and regulations, as well as our failure to adhere to the privacy and data security practices that we articulate to our members.
We collect, process, store, use, share and/or transmit a large volume of personally identifiable information (“PII”) and other sensitive data from current, past and prospective members. There are federal, state, and foreign laws regarding privacy, data security and the collection, use, storage, protection, sharing and/or transmission of PII and sensitive data. Additionally, many states continue to enact legislation on matters of privacy, information security, cybersecurity, data breach and data breach notification requirements. For example, as of January 1, 2020, the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”) grants additional consumer rights with respect to data privacy in California. The CCPA, among other things, entitles California residents to know how their personal information is being collected and shared, to access or request the deletion of their personal information and to opt out of the sharing of their personal information. The CCPA is subject to further amendments pending certain proposed regulations that are being reviewed and revised by the California Attorney General. While personal information that we process is exempt from the GLBA, the CCPA regulates other personal information that we collect and process in connection with the business. We cannot predict the impact of the CCPA on our business, operations or financial
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condition, but it could require us to modify certain processes or procedures, which could result in additional costs and liability. Additionally, our broker-dealer and investment adviser are subject to SEC Regulation S-P, which requires that these businesses maintain policies and procedures addressing the protection of customer information and records. This includes protecting against any anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of customer records and information and against unauthorized access to or use of customer records or information. Regulation S-P also requires these businesses to provide initial and annual privacy notices to customers describing information sharing policies and informing customers of their rights.
Additionally, a new California ballot initiative, the California Privacy Rights Act (the “CPRA”) was passed in November 2020. Effective starting on January 1, 2023, the CPRA imposes additional obligations on companies covered by the legislation and will significantly modify the CCPA, including by expanding consumers’ rights with respect to certain sensitive personal information. The CPRA also creates a new state agency that will be vested with authority to implement and enforce the CCPA and the CPRA. The effects of the CCPA and the CPRA are potentially significant and may require us to modify our data collection or processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply and increase our potential exposure to regulatory enforcement and/or litigation.
We expect more states to enact legislation similar to the CCPA, which provides consumers with new privacy rights and increases the privacy and security obligations of entities handling certain personal information of such consumers. The CCPA has prompted a number of proposals for new federal and state-level privacy legislation. Such proposed legislation, if enacted, may add additional complexity, variation in requirements, restrictions and potential legal risk, require additional investment of resources in compliance programs, impact strategies and the availability of previously useful data and could result in increased compliance costs and/or changes in business practices and policies.
Any violations of these laws and regulations may require us to change our business practices or operational structure, including limiting our activities in certain states and/or jurisdictions, address legal claims, and sustain monetary penalties, reputational damage and/or other harms to our business.
Furthermore, our online privacy policy and website make certain statements regarding our privacy, information security, and data security practices with regard to information collected from our members. Failure to adhere to such practices may result in regulatory scrutiny and investigation (including the potential for fines and monetary penalties), complaints by affected members, reputational damage and other harm to our business. If either we, or the third-party service providers with which we share member data, are unable to address privacy concerns, even if unfounded, or to comply with applicable laws and regulations, it could result in additional costs and liability, damage our reputation, and harm our business.
Our ability to collect payments on loans and maintain accurate accounts may be adversely affected by computer malware, social engineering, phishing, physical or electronic break-ins, technical errors and similar disruptions.
The automated nature of the SoFi platform may make it an attractive target for hacking and potentially vulnerable to computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins and similar disruptions. It is possible that we may not be able to anticipate or to implement effective preventive measures against all security breaches of these types, in which case there would be an increased risk of fraud or identity theft, and we may experience losses on, or delays in the collection of amounts owed on, a fraudulently induced loan. Security breaches could occur from outside our company, and also from the actions of persons inside our company who may have authorized or unauthorized access to our technology systems. In addition, the software that we have developed to use in our daily operations is highly complex and may contain undetected technical errors that could cause our computer systems to fail. Because each loan that we make involves, in part, our proprietary automated underwriting process, any failure of our computer systems involving our automated underwriting process and any technical or other errors contained in the software pertaining to our automated underwriting process could compromise our ability to accurately evaluate potential members, which would negatively impact our results of operations. Furthermore, any failure of our computer systems could cause an interruption in operations and result in disruptions in, or reductions in the amount of, collections from the loans we make to our members.
Additionally, if hackers were able to access our secure files, they might be able to gain access to the personal information of our members. If we are unable to prevent such activity, we may be subject to significant liability, negative publicity and a material loss of members, all of which may negatively affect our business.
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Disruptions in the operation of our computer systems and third-party data centers could have an adverse effect on our business.
Our ability to deliver products and services to our members and partners, and otherwise operate our business and comply with applicable laws, depends on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of our computer systems and third-party data centers, as well as third-party service providers. Our computer systems and third-party providers may encounter service interruptions at any time due to system or software failure, natural disasters, severe weather conditions, health pandemics, terrorist attacks, cyberattacks or other events. Any such events could have a negative effect on our business and technology infrastructure (including our computer network systems), which could lead to member dissatisfaction or long-term disruption of our operations.
Additionally, our reliance on third-party providers may mean that we will not be able to resolve operational problems internally or on a timely basis, as our operations will depend upon such third-party service providers communicating appropriately and responding swiftly to their own service disruptions through industry standard best practices in business continuity and/or disaster recovery. As a last resort, we may rely on our ability to replace a third-party service provider if it experiences difficulties that interrupt operations for a prolonged period of time or if an essential third-party service terminates. If these service arrangements are terminated for any reason without an immediately available substitute arrangement, our operations may be severely interrupted or delayed. If such interruption or delay were to continue for a substantial period of time, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
The implementation of technology changes and upgrades to maintain current and integrate new systems may cause service interruptions, transaction processing errors or system conversion delays and may cause us to fail to comply with applicable laws, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. We expect that new technologies and business processes applicable to the financial services industry will continue to emerge and that these new technologies and business processes may be better than those we currently use. There is no assurance that we will be able to successfully adopt new technology as critical systems and applications become obsolete and better ones become available. A failure to maintain and/or improve current technology and business processes could cause disruptions in our operations or cause our solution to be less competitive, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Risks Related to the Business Combination and SCH
Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this subsection to the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our” refer to SCH prior to the consummation of the Business Combination.
The Sponsor has agreed to vote in favor of the Business Combination, regardless of how SCH’s public shareholders vote.
Unlike some other blank check companies in which the initial shareholders agree to vote their shares in accordance with the majority of the votes cast by the public shareholders in connection with an initial business combination, the Sponsor and each director of SCH have agreed to, among other things, vote in favor of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, in each case, subject to the terms and conditions contemplated by the Sponsor Support Agreement. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor (including SCH’s independent directors) owns 20.0% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares.
Neither the SCH board of directors nor any committee thereof obtained a third-party valuation in determining whether or not to pursue the Business Combination.
Neither the SCH board of directors nor any committee thereof is required to obtain an opinion that the price that we are paying for SoFi is fair to us from a financial point of view. Neither the SCH board of directors nor any committee thereof obtained a third-party valuation in connection with the Business Combination. In analyzing the Business Combination, the SCH board of directors and management conducted due diligence on SoFi. The SCH board of directors reviewed comparisons of selected financial data of SoFi with its peers in the industry and the financial terms set forth in the Merger Agreement, and concluded that the Business Combination was in the best interest of SCH’s shareholders. Accordingly, investors will be relying solely on the judgment of the SCH board of directors and management in valuing SoFi, and the SCH board of directors and management may not have properly valued such businesses. The lack of a third-party valuation may also lead an increased number of shareholders to vote against the Business Combination or demand redemption of their shares, which could potentially impact our ability to consummate the Business Combination.
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We may be forced to close the Business Combination even if we determined it is no longer in our shareholders’ best interest.
Our public shareholders are protected from a material adverse event of SoFi arising between the date of the Merger Agreement and the Closing primarily by the right to redeem their public shares for a pro rata portion of the funds held in the trust account, calculated as of two business days prior to the vote at the extraordinary general meeting.
However, if we do not obtain shareholder approval at the extraordinary general meeting, SoFi can continually obligate us to hold additional extraordinary general meetings to vote on the Condition Precedent Proposals until the earlier of such shareholder approval being obtained and three business days prior to the Agreement End Date. We are also restricted from seeking, soliciting, negotiating or consummating any alternative business combination while the Merger Agreement is still in effect.
Since the Sponsor and SCH’s directors and executive officers have interests that are different, or in addition to (and which may conflict with) the interests of our shareholders, a conflict of interest may have existed in determining whether the Business Combination with SoFi is appropriate as our initial business combination. Such interests include that Sponsor will lose its entire investment in us if the Business Combination is not completed.
When you consider the recommendation of SCH’s board of directors in favor of approval of the BCA Proposal, you should keep in mind that the Sponsor and SCH’s directors and officers have interests in such proposal that are different from, or in addition to, those of SCH shareholders and warrant holders generally. These interests include, among other things, the interests listed below:
Prior to SCH’s initial public offering, the Sponsor purchased 2,875,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares for an aggregate purchase price of $25,000, or approximately $0.01 per share. In September 2020, SCH effected a share capitalization resulting in the Sponsor holding an aggregate of 18,687,500 SCH Class B ordinary shares. Subsequent to the share capitalization, in September 2020, the Sponsor transferred 100,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares to Jay Parikh (an independent director of SCH and with the Sponsor, “SCH’s initial shareholders”). In October 2020, SCH effected a share capitalization resulting in SCH’s initial shareholders holding an aggregate of 20,125,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares, resulting in an effective purchase price per SCH Class B ordinary share of approximately $0.001. If SCH does not consummate a business combination by October 14, 2022 (or if such date is extended at a duly called extraordinary general meeting, such later date), it would cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, redeeming all of the outstanding public shares for cash and, subject to the approval of its remaining shareholders and its board of directors, dissolving and liquidating, subject in each case to its obligations under the Cayman Islands Companies Act to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. In such event, the 20,125,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares collectively owned by SCH’s initial shareholders would be worthless because following the redemption of the public shares, SCH would likely have few, if any, net assets and because the Sponsor and SCH’s directors and officers have agreed to waive their respective rights to liquidating distributions from the trust account in respect of any SCH Class A ordinary shares and SCH Class B ordinary shares held by it or them, as applicable, if SCH fails to complete a business combination within the required period. Additionally, in such event, the 8,000,000 private placement warrants purchased by the Sponsor simultaneously with the consummation of SCH’s initial public offering for an aggregate purchase price of $16 million, will also expire worthless. Certain of SCH’s directors and executive officers, including Chamath Palihapitiya and Ian Osborn, also have an economic interest in such private placement warrants and in the 20,025,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares owned by the Sponsor. The 20,025,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock into which the 20,125,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares collectively held by the Sponsor and Mr. Parikh, will automatically convert in connection with the Merger (including after giving effect to the Domestication), if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have had an aggregate market value of $308.2 million based upon the closing price of $15.39 per public share on the NYSE on April 19, 2021, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. However, given that such shares of SoFi Technologies common stock will be subject to certain restrictions, including those described above, SCH believes such shares have less value. The 8,000,000 SoFi Technologies warrants into which the 8,000,000 private placement warrants held by the Sponsor will automatically convert in connection with the Merger (including after giving effect to the Domestication), if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have had an aggregate market value of $31.9 million based upon the closing price of $3.99 per public warrant on the NYSE on April 19, 2021, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus.
The Sponsor (including its representatives and affiliates) and SCH’s directors and officers, are, or may in the future become, affiliated with entities that are engaged in a similar business to SCH. For example, Mr. Palihapitiya and Mr. Osborne, each of whom serves as an officer and director of SCH and may be considered an affiliate of the
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Sponsor, have also recently incorporated Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. IV (“IPOD”), and Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. VI (“IPOF”), all of which are blank check companies incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted companies for the purpose of effecting their respective initial business combinations. Mr. Palihapitiya is the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors of IPOD and IPOF, Mr. Osborne is the President and a director of IPOD and IPOF, and each of our other officers is also an officer of IPOD and IPOF and owe fiduciary duties under Cayman Islands Companies Act to IPOD and IPOF. The Sponsor and SCH’s directors and officers are not prohibited from sponsoring, or otherwise becoming involved with, any other blank check companies prior to SCH completing its initial business combination. Moreover, certain of SCH’s directors and officers have time and attention requirements for investment funds of which affiliates of the Sponsor are the investment managers. SCH’s directors and officers also may become aware of business opportunities which may be appropriate for presentation to SCH, and the other entities to which they owe certain fiduciary or contractual duties, including IPOD and IPOF. Accordingly, they may have had conflicts of interest in determining to which entity a particular business opportunity should be presented. These conflicts may not be resolved in SCH’s favor and such potential business opportunities may be presented to other entities prior to their presentation to SCH, subject to applicable fiduciary duties under Cayman Islands Companies Act. SCH’s Cayman Constitutional Documents provide that SCH renounces its interest in any corporate opportunity offered to any director or officer of SCH unless such opportunity is expressly offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of SCH and it is an opportunity that SCH is able to complete on a reasonable basis.
SoFi (including its subsidiaries) may in the future serve as an underwriter for entities that are engaged in a similar business to SCH, including blank check companies sponsored by the Sponsor or affiliated with SCH’s directors and officers. SoFi would be paid customary fees and commissions.
SCH’s existing directors and officers will be eligible for continued indemnification and continued coverage under SCH’s directors’ and officers’ liability insurance after the Merger and pursuant to the Merger Agreement.
The Sponsor Related PIPE Investors have subscribed for $275,000,000 of the PIPE Investment, for which they will receive up to 27,500,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock. The 27,500,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock which the Sponsor Related PIPE Investors have subscribed for in the PIPE Investment, if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have had an aggregate market value of $423.2 million based upon the closing price of $15.39 per public share on the NYSE on April 19, 2021, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. See “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions — SCH — Subscription Agreements”.
In the event that SCH fails to consummate a business combination within the prescribed time frame (pursuant to the Cayman Constitutional Documents), or upon the exercise of a redemption right in connection with the Business Combination, SCH will be required to provide for payment of claims of creditors that were not waived that may be brought against SCH within the ten years following such redemption. In order to protect the amounts held in SCH’s trust account, the Sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to SCH if and to the extent any claims by a third party (other than SCH’s independent auditors) for services rendered or products sold to SCH, or a prospective target business with which SCH has discussed entering into a transaction agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the trust account to below (i) $10.00 per public share or (ii) such lesser amount per public share held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account, due to reductions in value of the trust assets, in each case, net of the amount of interest which may be withdrawn to pay taxes, except as to any claims by a third party who executed a waiver of any and all rights to seek access to the trust account and except as to any claims under the indemnity of the underwriters of SCH’s initial public offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
In connection with SCH’s initial public offering, the underwriters of SCH’s initial public offering agreed to reimburse SCH for financial advisory services payable to Connaught (UK) Limited (“Connaught”) for amounts equal to (1) 10% of the non-deferred underwriting commission payable to the underwriter, of which $1,400,000 was paid to Connaught upon the closing of SCH’s initial public offering and (2) 20% of the deferred underwriting commission payable to the underwriter, of which $5,635,000 will be paid to Connaught upon the closing of SCH’s initial business combination. Connaught is an affiliate of SCH, the Sponsor and certain of SCH’s directors and officers.
SCH’s officers and directors, and their affiliates are entitled to reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses incurred by them in connection with certain activities on SCH’s behalf, such as identifying and investigating possible business targets and business combinations. However, if SCH fails to consummate a business combination by October 14, 2022, they will not have any claim against the trust account for reimbursement. SCH’s officers and directors, and their
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affiliates, expect to incur (or guaranty) approximately $11 million of transaction expenses (excluding the deferred underwriting commissions being held in the trust account). Accordingly, SCH may not be able to reimburse these expenses if the Business Combination or another business combination, is not completed by such date.
Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, the Sponsor and the Sponsor Related PIPE Investors will have customary registration rights, including demand and piggy-back rights, subject to cooperation and cut-back provisions with respect to the shares of SoFi Technologies common stock and warrants held by such parties following the consummation of the Business Combination.
On November 13, 2020, SCH entered into a director restricted stock unit award agreement (the “Director RSU Award”), with Ms. Dulski, providing for the grant of 100,000 restricted stock units to Ms. Dulski, which grant is contingent on both the consummation of an initial business combination with SCH and a shareholder approved equity plan. The Director RSU Award will vest at the Closing but will not settle into shares of SoFi Technologies common stock until a date, selected by SoFi Technologies, that occurs between January 1 and December 31 of the year following the Closing. The 100,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock underlying the Director RSU, if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have had an aggregate market value of $1.5 million based upon the closing price of $15.39 per public share on the NYSE on April 19, 2021, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/ prospectus.
The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of SCH’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders and what he, she or they may believe is best for himself or themselves in determining to recommend that shareholders vote for the proposals. In addition, SCH’s officers have interests in the Business Combination that may conflict with your interests as a shareholder. See “BCA Proposal — Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination” for a further discussion of these considerations.
The personal and financial interests of the Sponsor as well as SCH’s directors and officers may have influenced their motivation in identifying and selecting SoFi as a business combination target, completing an initial business combination with SoFi and influencing the operation of the business following the initial business combination. In considering the recommendations of SCH’s board of directors to vote for the proposals, its shareholders should consider these interests.
The exercise of SCH’s directors’ and executive officers’ discretion in agreeing to changes or waivers in the terms of the Business Combination may result in a conflict of interest when determining whether such changes to the terms of the Business Combination or waivers of conditions are appropriate and in SCH’s shareholders’ best interest.
In the period leading up to the Closing, events may occur that, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, would require SCH to agree to amend the Merger Agreement, to consent to certain actions taken by SoFi or to waive rights that SCH is entitled to under the Merger Agreement. Such events could arise because of changes in the course of SoFi’s businesses or a request by SoFi to undertake actions that would otherwise be prohibited by the terms of the Merger Agreement. In any of such circumstances, it would be at SCH’s discretion, acting through its board of directors, to grant its consent or waive those rights. The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of the directors described in the preceding risk factors (and described elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus) may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is best for SCH and its shareholders and what he, she or they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining whether or not to take the requested action. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, SCH does not believe there will be any changes or waivers that SCH’s directors and executive officers would be likely to make after shareholder approval of the BCA Proposal has been obtained. While certain changes could be made without further shareholder approval, SCH will circulate a new or amended proxy statement/prospectus and resolicit SCH’s shareholders if changes to the terms of the transaction that would have a material impact on its shareholders are required prior to the vote on the BCA Proposal.
We and SoFi will incur significant transaction and transition costs in connection with the Business Combination.
We and SoFi have both incurred and expect to incur significant, nonrecurring costs in connection with consummating the Business Combination and operating as a public company following the consummation of the Business Combination. We and SoFi may also incur additional costs to retain key employees. Certain transaction expenses incurred in connection with the Merger Agreement (including the Business Combination), including all legal, accounting, consulting, investment banking and other fees, expenses and costs, will be paid out of the proceeds of the Business Combination or by SoFi Technologies following the closing of the Business Combination.
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The announcement of the proposed Business Combination could disrupt SoFi Technologies’ relationships with its members, bank partners, lenders, business partners, enterprise customers, and others, as well as its operating results and business generally.
Whether or not the Business Combination and related transactions are ultimately consummated, as a result of uncertainty related to the proposed transactions, risks relating to the impact of the announcement of the Business Combination on SoFi Technologies’ business include the following:
its employees may experience uncertainty about their future roles, which might adversely affect SoFi Technologies’ ability to retain and hire key personnel and other employees;
members, bank partners, lenders, business partners, enterprise customers, and other parties with which SoFi Technologies maintains business relationships may experience uncertainty about its future and seek alternative relationships with third parties, seek to alter their business relationships with SoFi or fail to re-enroll or extend an existing relationship with SoFi Technologies; and
SoFi has expended and SoFi Technologies will continue to expend significant costs, fees and expenses for professional services and transaction costs in connection with the proposed Business Combination.
If any of the aforementioned risks were to materialize, they could lead to significant costs which may impact SoFi Technologies’ results of operations and cash available to fund its businesses.
Subsequent to consummation of the Business Combination, we may be exposed to unknown or contingent liabilities and may be required to subsequently take write-downs or write-offs, restructuring and impairment or other charges that could have a significant negative effect on our financial condition, results of operations and our share price, which could cause you to lose some or all of your investment.
We cannot assure you that the due diligence conducted in relation to SoFi has identified all material issues or risks associated with SoFi, its business or the industry in which it competes. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that factors outside of SoFi’s and our control will not later arise. As a result of these factors, we may be exposed to liabilities and incur additional costs and expenses and we may be forced to later write-down or write-off assets, restructure our operations, or incur impairment or other charges that could result in our reporting losses. Even if our due diligence has identified certain risks, unexpected risks may arise and previously known risks may materialize in a manner not consistent with our preliminary risk analysis. If any of these risks materialize, this could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations and could contribute to negative market perceptions about our securities or SoFi Technologies. Additionally, we have no indemnification rights against SoFi stockholders under the Merger Agreement and all of the purchase price consideration will be delivered at the Closing.
Accordingly, any shareholders or warrant holders of SCH who choose to remain SoFi stockholders or warrant holders following the Business Combination could suffer a reduction in the value of their shares and warrants. Such shareholders or warrant holders are unlikely to have a remedy for such reduction in value unless they are able to successfully claim that the reduction was due to the breach by our directors or officers of a duty of care or other fiduciary duty owed to them, or if they are able to successfully bring a private claim under securities laws that the registration statement or proxy statement/prospectus relating to the Business Combination contained an actionable material misstatement or material omission.
The historical financial results of SoFi and unaudited pro forma financial information included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus may not be indicative of what SoFi Technologies’ actual financial position or results of operations would have been.
The historical financial results of SoFi included in this proxy statement/prospectus do not reflect the financial condition, results of operations or cash flows they would have achieved as a standalone company during the periods presented or those SoFi Technologies will achieve in the future. This is primarily the result of the following factors: (i) SoFi Technologies will incur additional ongoing costs as a result of the Business Combination, including costs related to public company reporting, investor relations and compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; and (ii) SoFi Technologies’ capital structure will be different from that reflected in SoFi’s historical financial statements. SoFi Technologies’ financial condition and future results of operations could be materially different from amounts reflected in its historical financial statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus, so it may be difficult for investors to compare SoFi Technologies’ future results to historical results or to evaluate its relative performance or trends in its business.
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Similarly, the unaudited pro forma financial information in this proxy statement/prospectus is presented for illustrative purposes only and has been prepared based on a number of assumptions including, but not limited to, SCH being treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes in the Business Combination, the total debt obligations and the cash and cash equivalents of SoFi on the Closing Date and the number of SCH Class A ordinary shares that are redeemed in connection with the Business Combination. Accordingly, such pro forma financial information may not be indicative of SoFi Technologies’ future operating or financial performance and SoFi Technologies’ actual financial condition and results of operations may vary materially from SoFi Technologies’ pro forma results of operations and balance sheet contained elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus, including as a result of such assumptions not being accurate. See “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information”.
We have a specified maximum redemption threshold. This redemption threshold may make it more difficult for us to complete the Business Combination as contemplated.
The Merger Agreement provides that SoFi’s obligation to consummate the Business Combination is conditioned on, among other things, that as of the Closing, the amount of cash available in the trust account into which substantially all of the proceeds of our initial public offering and private placements of our warrants have been deposited for the benefit of SCH, certain of our public shareholders and the underwriters of our initial public offering (the “trust account”), after deducting the amount required to satisfy our obligations to our shareholders (if any) that exercise their rights to redeem their SCH ordinary shares pursuant to the Cayman Constitutional Documents (but prior to payment of (i) any deferred underwriting commissions being held in the trust account and (ii) any transaction expenses of SCH or its affiliates) (the “Trust Amount”) plus (y) the PIPE Investment, is at least equal to or greater than $900 million (the “Minimum Available Cash Amount”) (the “Minimum Cash Condition”).
If the Trust Amount when added to the PIPE Investment (such aggregate amount, the “Available SCH Cash”) is equal to or greater than the Minimum Available Cash Amount, then the Minimum Cash Condition will be deemed to have been satisfied. This condition is for the sole benefit of SoFi. If such condition is not met, and such condition is not or cannot be waived under the terms of the Merger Agreement, then the Merger Agreement could terminate and the proposed Business Combination may not be consummated. In addition, pursuant to the Cayman Constitutional Documents, in no event will SCH redeem public shares in an amount that would cause SoFi Technologies’ net tangible assets (as determined in accordance with Rule 3a51-1(g)(1) of the Exchange Act) to be less than $5,000,001.
There can be no assurance that SoFi could and would waive the Minimum Cash Condition. Furthermore, as provided in the Cayman Constitutional Documents, in no event will we redeem our public shares in an amount that would cause our net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001. If such conditions are not met, and such conditions are not or cannot be waived under the terms of the Merger Agreement, then the Merger Agreement could terminate and the proposed Business Combination may not be consummated.
If such conditions are waived and the Business Combination is consummated with less than the Minimum Available Cash Amount in the trust account, the cash held by SoFi Technologies and its subsidiaries (including SoFi) in the aggregate after the Closing may not be sufficient to allow us to operate and pay our bills as they become due. Furthermore, our affiliates are not obligated to make loans to us in the future (other than our Sponsor’s commitment to provide us loans in order to finance transaction costs in connection with a business combination). The additional exercise of redemption rights with respect to a large number of our public shareholders may make us unable to take such actions as may be desirable in order to optimize the capital structure of SoFi Technologies after consummation of the Business Combination and we may not be able to raise additional financing from unaffiliated parties necessary to fund our expenses and liabilities after the Closing. Any such event in the future may negatively impact the analysis regarding our ability to continue as a going concern at such time.
The Sponsor may elect to purchase shares or warrants from public shareholders prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, which may influence the vote on the Business Combination and reduce the public “float” of our securities.
At any time at or prior to the Business Combination, during a period when they are not then aware of any material nonpublic information regarding us or SCH’s securities, the Sponsor, SoFi or their respective directors, officers, advisors or affiliates may purchase public shares or warrants from institutional and other investors who vote, or indicate an intention to vote, against any of the Condition Precedent Proposals, or execute agreements to purchase such shares or warrants from such investors in the future, or they may enter into transactions with such investors and others to provide them with incentives to acquire public shares or warrants or vote their public shares in favor of the Condition Precedent Proposals. Such a purchase may include a contractual acknowledgement that such shareholder, although still the record holder of SCH’s shares, is no longer the beneficial owner thereof and therefore agrees not to exercise its redemption rights. In the event that the Sponsor, SoFi or their directors, officers, advisors or respective affiliates purchase shares in privately negotiated transactions from public
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shareholders who have already elected to exercise their redemption rights, such selling shareholder would be required to revoke their prior elections to redeem their shares. The purpose of such share purchases and other transactions would be to increase the likelihood of (i) satisfaction of the requirement that holders of a majority of the ordinary shares, represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at the extraordinary general meeting, vote in favor of the BCA Proposal, the Director Election Proposal, the Stock Issuance Proposal, the Incentive Plan Proposal, the Repurchase Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal, (ii) satisfaction of the requirement that holders of at least two-thirds of the ordinary shares, represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at the extraordinary general meeting, vote in favor of the Domestication Proposal and the Organizational Documents Proposals, (iii) satisfaction of the Minimum Cash Condition, (iv) otherwise limiting the number of public shares electing to redeem and (v) SCH’s net tangible assets (as determined in accordance with Rule 3a51-(g)(1) of the Exchange Act) being at least $5,000,001. The purpose of such purchases of public warrants would be to reduce the number of public warrants outstanding or to vote such warrants on any matters submitted to the warrant holders for approval in connection with our initial business combination.
Entering into any such arrangements may have a depressive effect on the ordinary shares (e.g., by giving an investor or holder the ability to effectively purchase shares or warrants at a price lower than market, such investor or holder may therefore become more likely to sell the shares he or she owns, either at or prior to the Business Combination). If such transactions are effected, the consequence could be to cause the Business Combination to be consummated in circumstances where such consummation could not otherwise occur. Purchases of shares or warrants by the persons described above would allow them to exert more influence over the approval of the proposals to be presented at the extraordinary general meeting and would likely increase the chances that such proposals would be approved. In addition, if such purchases are made, the public “float” of our securities and the number of beneficial holders of our securities may be reduced, possibly making it difficult to maintain or obtain the quotation, listing or trading of our securities on a national securities exchange.
We are not registering the shares of SoFi Technologies common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants under the Securities Act or any state securities laws at this time, and such registration may not be in place when an investor desires to exercise warrants, thus precluding such investor from being able to exercise its warrants and causing such warrants to expire worthless.
We are not registering the shares of SoFi Technologies common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants under the Securities Act or any state securities laws at this time. However, under the terms of the Warrant Agreement, we have agreed that, as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 15 business days after the closing of our initial business combination, to use our commercially reasonable efforts to file with the SEC a registration statement covering the issuance of such shares, and we will use our commercially reasonable efforts to cause the same to become effective within 60 business days after the closing of our initial business combination and to maintain the effectiveness of such registration statement and a current prospectus relating to those shares of SoFi Technologies common stock until the warrants expire or are redeemed. We cannot assure you that we will be able to do so if, for example, any facts or events arise which represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement or prospectus, the financial statements contained or incorporated by reference therein are not current, complete or correct or the SEC issues a stop order. If the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants are not registered under the Securities Act in accordance with the above requirements, we will be required to permit holders to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis, in which case, the shares of SoFi Technologies common stock that you will receive upon cashless exercise will be based on a formula subject to a maximum amount of shares equal to 0.361 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock per warrant (subject to adjustment). However, no warrant will be exercisable for cash or on a cashless basis, and we will not be obligated to issue any shares to holders seeking to exercise their warrants, unless the issuance of the shares upon such exercise is registered or qualified under the securities laws of the state of the exercising holder or an exemption from registration is available. Notwithstanding the above, if the SoFi Technologies common stock is at the time of any exercise of a warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that they satisfy the definition of a “covered security” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act, we may, at our option, require holders of public warrants who exercise their warrants to do so on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act and, in the event we so elect, we will not be required to file or maintain in effect a registration statement, but we will use our commercially reasonable efforts to register or qualify the shares under applicable blue sky laws to the extent an exemption is not available. In no event will we be required to net cash settle any warrant, or issue securities or other compensation in exchange for the warrants in the event that we are unable to register or qualify the shares underlying the warrants under applicable state securities laws and no exemption is available. If the issuance of the shares upon exercise of the warrants is not so registered or qualified or exempt from registration or qualification, the holder of such warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such warrant and such warrant may have no value and expire worthless. In such event, holders who acquired their warrants as part of a purchase of units will have paid the full unit purchase price solely for the shares of SoFi Technologies common stock included in the units.
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There may be a circumstance where an exemption from registration exists for holders of our private placement warrants to exercise their warrants while a corresponding exemption does not exist for holders of the public warrants. In such an instance, the Sponsor and its permitted transferees (which may include our directors and executive officers) would be able to exercise their warrants and sell the ordinary shares underlying their warrants while holders of our public warrants would not be able to exercise their warrants and sell the underlying ordinary shares. If and when the warrants become redeemable by us, we may exercise our redemption right even if we are unable to register or qualify the underlying shares of SoFi Technologies common stock for sale under all applicable state securities laws. As a result, we may redeem the warrants as set forth above even if the holders are otherwise unable to exercise their warrants.
If third parties bring claims against us, the proceeds held in the trust account could be reduced and the per share redemption amount received by shareholders may be less than $10.00 per share (which was the offering price per unit in our initial public offering).
Our placing of funds in the trust account may not protect those funds from third-party claims against us. Although we will seek to have all vendors, service providers (other than our independent auditors), prospective target businesses and other entities with which we do business execute agreements with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies held in the trust account, there is no guarantee that they will execute such agreements or even if they execute such agreements that they would be prevented from bringing claims against the trust account, including, but not limited to, fraudulent inducement, breach of fiduciary responsibility or other similar claims, as well as claims challenging the enforceability of the waiver, in each case in order to gain advantage with respect to a claim against our assets, including the funds held in the trust account. If any third party refuses to execute an agreement waiving such claims to the monies held in the trust account, our management will perform an analysis of the alternatives available to it and will enter into an agreement with a third party that has not executed a waiver only if management believes that such third party’s engagement would be significantly more beneficial to us than any alternative.
Examples of possible instances where we may engage a third party that refuses to execute a waiver include the engagement of a third-party consultant whose particular expertise or skills are believed by management to be significantly superior to those of other consultants that would agree to execute a waiver or in cases where management is unable to find a service provider willing to execute a waiver. In addition, there is no guarantee that such entities will agree to waive any claims they may have in the future as a result of, or arising out of, any negotiations, contracts or agreements with us and will not seek recourse against the trust account for any reason. Upon redemption of our public shares, if we have not completed our business combination within the required time period, or upon the exercise of a redemption right in connection with our business combination, we will be required to provide for payment of claims of creditors that were not waived that may be brought against us within the 10 years following redemption. Accordingly, the per share redemption amount received by public shareholders could be less than the $10.00 per public share initially held in the trust account, due to claims of such creditors.
The Sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to us if and to the extent any claims by a third party (other than our independent auditors) for services rendered or products sold to us, or a prospective target business with which we have discussed entering into a transaction agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the trust account to below (i) $10.00 per public share or (ii) such lesser amount per public share held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, in each case net of the interest which may be withdrawn to pay taxes, except as to any claims by a third party who executed a waiver of any and all rights to seek access to the trust account and except as to any claims under our indemnity of the underwriters of this offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. Moreover, in the event that an executed waiver is deemed to be unenforceable against a third party, the Sponsor will not be responsible to the extent of any liability for such third-party claims. We have not independently verified whether the Sponsor has sufficient funds to satisfy its indemnity obligations and believe that the Sponsor’s only assets are securities of our company. The Sponsor may not have sufficient funds available to satisfy those obligations. We have not asked the Sponsor to reserve for such obligations, and therefore, no funds are currently set aside to cover any such obligations. As a result, if any such claims were successfully made against the trust account, the funds available for our business combination and redemptions could be reduced to less than $10.00 per public share. In such event, we may not be able to complete our business combination, and you would receive such lesser amount per share in connection with any redemption of your public shares. None of our directors or officers will indemnify us for claims by third parties including, without limitation, claims by vendors and prospective target businesses.
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If, after we distribute the proceeds in the trust account to our public shareholders, SCH files a winding-up or bankruptcy petition or an involuntary winding-up or bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, a bankruptcy court may seek to recover such proceeds, and we and our board of directors may be exposed to claims of punitive damages.
If, after we distribute the proceeds in the trust account to our public shareholders, we file a winding-up or bankruptcy petition or an involuntary winding-up or bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, any distributions received by shareholders could be viewed under applicable debtor/creditor and/or insolvency laws as a voidable performance. As a result, a liquidator could seek to recover all amounts received by our shareholders. In addition, our board of directors may be viewed as having breached its fiduciary duty to our creditors or having acted in bad faith, thereby exposing it and us to claims of punitive damages, by paying public shareholders from the trust account prior to addressing the claims of creditors. We cannot assure you that claims will not be brought against us for these reasons.
If, before distributing the proceeds in the trust account to our public shareholders, we file a winding-up or bankruptcy petition or an involuntary winding-up or bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, the claims of creditors in such proceeding may have priority over the claims of our shareholders and the per share amount that would otherwise be received by our shareholders in connection with our liquidation may be reduced.
If, before distributing the proceeds in the trust account to our public shareholders, we file a winding-up or bankruptcy petition or an involuntary winding-up or bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, the proceeds held in the trust account could be subject to applicable insolvency law, and may be included in our liquidation estate and subject to the claims of third parties with priority over the claims of our shareholders. To the extent any liquidation claims deplete the trust account, the per share amount that would otherwise be received by our shareholders in connection with our liquidation may be reduced.
Our shareholders may be held liable for claims by third parties against us to the extent of distributions received by them upon redemption of their shares.
If we are forced to enter into an insolvent liquidation, any distributions received by shareholders could be viewed as an unlawful payment if it was proved that immediately following the date on which the distribution was made, we were unable to pay our debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. As a result, a liquidator could seek to recover all amounts received by our shareholders. Furthermore, our directors may be viewed as having breached their fiduciary duties to us or our creditors or may have acted in bad faith, and thereby exposing themselves and our company to claims, by paying public shareholders from the trust account prior to addressing the claims of creditors. We cannot assure you that claims will not be brought against us for these reasons.
Past performance by Mr. Palihapitiya or Hedosophia Group Limited, including our management team, may not be indicative of future performance of an investment in SoFi or SoFi Technologies.
Past performance by Mr. Palihapitiya or Hedosophia Group Limited and by our management team, including with respect to Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. (“IPOA”), Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. II (“IPOB”), Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. III (“IPOC”) is not a guarantee of success with respect to the Business Combination. You should not rely on the historical record of Mr. Palihapitiya or Hedosophia Group Limited or our management team, IPOA’s, IPOB’s, or IPOC’s performance as indicative of the future performance of an investment in SoFi or SoFi Technologies or the returns SoFi or SoFi Technologies will, or is likely to, generate going forward.
The public stockholders will experience immediate dilution as a consequence of the issuance of SoFi Technologies common stock as consideration in the Business Combination and the PIPE Investment and due to future issuances pursuant to the 2021 Plan and the MIP. Having a minority share position may reduce the influence that our current stockholders have on the management of SoFi Technologies.
It is anticipated that, following the Business Combination and related transactions, (1) SCH public shareholders will own approximately 9.1% (or approximately 9.3% following settlement of the Director RSU Award and the Repurchase) of outstanding SoFi Technologies common stock, (2) SoFi Stockholders will own approximately 74.7% (or approximately 74.2% following settlement of the Director RSU Award and the Repurchase) of outstanding SoFi Technologies common stock, (3) the Sponsor and related parties (including the Sponsor Related PIPE Investors) will collectively own approximately 5.4% (or approximately 5.5% following settlement of the Director RSU Award and the Repurchase) of outstanding SoFi Technologies common stock, and (4) the Third Party PIPE Investors will own approximately 10.8% (or approximately 11.0% following settlement of the Director RSU Award and the Repurchase) of outstanding SoFi Technologies common stock. These
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percentages assume (i) that no SCH public shareholders exercise their redemption rights in connection with the Business Combination, (ii) the vesting and exercise of all SoFi Technologies Options for shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, (iii) the vesting of all SoFi Technologies RSU Awards and the issuance of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock in respect thereof, (iv) that SoFi Technologies issues shares of SoFi Technologies common stock as the Aggregate Merger Consideration pursuant to the Merger Agreement, which in the aggregate equal approximately 657,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock (subject to increase as set forth in the Merger Agreement and assuming that all SoFi Technologies Options are net-settled), and (v) that SoFi Technologies issues 122,500,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock to the PIPE Investors pursuant to the PIPE Investment. If the actual facts are different from these assumptions, the percentage ownership retained by SoFi’s existing shareholders in the combined company will be different.
In addition, SoFi employees and consultants hold, and after the Business Combination, are expected to be granted, equity awards under the 2021 Plan. You will experience additional dilution when those equity awards and purchase rights become vested and settled or exercisable, as applicable, for shares of SoFi Technologies common stock.
The issuance of additional common stock will significantly dilute the equity interests of existing holders of SCH securities and may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our units, public shares or public warrants.
Warrants will become exercisable for SoFi Technologies common stock, which would increase the number of shares eligible for future resale in the public market and result in dilution to our stockholders.
Outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 28,125,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock will become exercisable in accordance with the terms of the Warrant Agreement governing those securities. These warrants will become exercisable at any time commencing on the later of 30 days after the completion of the Business Combination and 12 months from the closing of our public offering. The exercise price of these warrants will be $11.50 per share. To the extent such warrants are exercised, additional shares of SoFi Technologies common stock will be issued, which will result in dilution to the holders of SoFi Technologies common stock and increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market. Sales of substantial numbers of such shares in the public market or the fact that such warrants may be exercised could adversely affect the market price of SoFi Technologies common stock. However, there is no guarantee that the public warrants will ever be in the money prior to their expiration, and as such, the warrants may expire worthless.
Even if the Business Combination is consummated, the public warrants may never be in the money, and they may expire worthless and the terms of the warrants may be amended in a manner adverse to a holder if holders of at least 65% of the then outstanding public warrants approve of such amendment.
The warrants were issued in registered form under a Warrant Agreement between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, and SCH. The Warrant Agreement provides that (a) the terms of the warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder for the purpose of (i) curing any ambiguity or correct any mistake, including to conform the provisions of the warrant agreement to the description of the terms of the warrants and the warrant agreement set forth in this prospectus, or defective provision or (ii) adding or changing any provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under the warrant agreement as the parties to the warrant agreement may deem necessary or desirable and that the parties deem to not adversely affect the rights of the registered holders of the warrants under the warrant agreement and (b) all other modifications or amendments require the vote or written consent of at least 65% of the then outstanding public warrants; provided that any amendment that solely affects the terms of the private placement warrants or any provision of the warrant agreement solely with respect to the private placement warrants will also require at least 65% of the then outstanding private placement warrants.
Accordingly, we may amend the terms of the public warrants in a manner adverse to a holder if holders of at least 65% of the then outstanding public warrants approve of such amendment. Although our ability to amend the terms of the public warrants with the consent of at least 65% of the then outstanding public warrants is unlimited, examples of such amendments could be amendments to, among other things, increase the exercise price of the warrants, shorten the exercise period or decrease the number of ordinary shares purchasable upon exercise of a warrant.
We may redeem your unexpired warrants prior to their exercise at a time that is disadvantageous to you, thereby making your warrants worthless.
We have the ability to redeem the outstanding warrants at any time after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, at a price of $0.01 per warrant if, among other things, the reference value equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for adjustments to the number of shares issuable upon exercise or the exercise price of a warrant). If and when the warrants become redeemable by us, we may exercise our redemption right even if we are unable to register or qualify the
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underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws. As a result, we may redeem the warrants as set forth above even if the holders are otherwise unable to exercise the warrants. Redemption of the outstanding warrants as described above could force you to: (i) exercise your warrants and pay the exercise price therefor at a time when it may be disadvantageous for you to do so; (ii) sell your warrants at the then-current market price when you might otherwise wish to hold your warrants; or (iii) accept the nominal redemption price which, at the time the outstanding warrants are called for redemption, we expect would be substantially less than the market value of your warrants. None of the private placement warrants will be redeemable by us (subject to limited exceptions) so long as they are held by Sponsor or its permitted transferees.
In addition, we have the ability to redeem the outstanding warrants at any time after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, at a price of $0.10 per warrant if, among other things, the last reported sale price of our SoFi Technologies common stock for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which we send the notice of redemption to the warrant holders equals or exceeds $10.00 per share (as adjusted for share splits, share dividends, rights issuances, subdivisions, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like). In such a case, the holders will be able to exercise their warrants prior to redemption for a number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock determined based on the redemption date and the fair market value of our SoFi Technologies common stock. The value received upon exercise of the warrants (i) may be less than the value the holders would have received if they had exercised their warrants at a later time where the underlying share price is higher and (ii) may not compensate the holders for the value of the warrants, including because the number of ordinary shares received is capped at 0.361 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock per warrant (subject to adjustment) irrespective of the remaining life of the warrants.
Following the Business Combination, SoFi Technologies currently intends to retain its future earnings, if any, to finance the further development and expansion of its business and does not intend to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of SoFi Technologies’ board of directors and will depend on its financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and future agreements and financing instruments, business prospects and such other factors as its board of directors deems relevant.
Nasdaq may not list SoFi Technologies’ securities on its exchange, which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in SoFi Technologies’ securities and subject SoFi Technologies to additional trading restrictions.
In connection with the Business Combination, in order to list our securities on Nasdaq, we will be required to demonstrate compliance with Nasdaq’s initial listing requirements, which are more rigorous than the NYSE’s continued listing requirements. We will apply to have SoFi Technologies’ securities listed on the Nasdaq upon consummation of the Business Combination. We cannot assure you that we will be able to meet all initial listing requirements. Even if SoFi Technologies’ securities are listed on the Nasdaq, SoFi Technologies may be unable to maintain the listing of its securities in the future.
If SoFi Technologies fails to meet the initial listing requirements and the Nasdaq does not list its securities on its exchange, SoFi would not be required to consummate the Business Combination. In the event that SoFi elected to waive this condition, and the Business Combination was consummated without SoFi Technologies’ securities being listed on the Nasdaq or on another national securities exchange, SoFi Technologies could face significant material adverse consequences, including:
a limited availability of market quotations for SoFi Technologies’ securities;
reduced liquidity for SoFi Technologies’ securities;
a determination that SoFi Technologies common stock is a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in SoFi Technologies common stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for SoFi Technologies’ securities;
a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and
a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.
The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, which is a federal statute, prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as “covered securities”. If SoFi Technologies’ securities were not listed on the Nasdaq, such securities would not qualify as covered securities and we would be subject to regulation in each state in which we offer our securities because states are not preempted from regulating the sale of securities that are not covered securities.
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SCH’s and SoFi’s ability to consummate the Business Combination, and the operations of SoFi Technologies following the Business Combination, may be materially adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted, and other infectious diseases could result, in a widespread health crisis that has affected and could continue to adversely affect the economies and financial markets worldwide, which may delay or prevent the consummation of the Business Combination, and the business of SoFi or SoFi Technologies following the Business Combination could be materially and adversely affected. The extent of such impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19 and the actions to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact, among others.
The parties will be required to consummate the Business Combination even if SoFi, its business, financial condition and results of operations are materially affected by COVID-19. The disruptions posed by COVID-19 have continued, and other matters of global concern may continue, for an extensive period of time, and if SoFi is unable to recover from business disruptions due to COVID-19 or other matters of global concern on a timely basis, SoFi’s ability to consummate the Business Combination and SoFi Technologies’ financial condition and results of operations following the Business Combination may be materially adversely affected. Each of SoFi and SoFi Technologies may also incur additional costs due to delays caused by COVID-19, which could adversely affect SoFi Technologies’ financial condition and results of operations.
Our warrants are accounted for as liabilities and the changes in value of our warrants could have a material effect on our financial results.
On April 12, 2021, the Acting Director of the Division of Corporation Finance and Acting Chief Accountant of the SEC together issued a statement regarding the accounting and reporting considerations for warrants issued by special purpose acquisition companies entitled “Staff Statement on Accounting and Reporting Considerations for Warrants Issued by Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (“SPACs”)” (the “SEC Statement”). Specifically, the SEC Statement focused on certain settlement terms and provisions related to certain tender offers following a business combination, which terms are similar to those contained in the warrant agreement governing our warrants. As a result of the SEC Statement, we reevaluated the accounting treatment of our 20,125,000 public warrants and 8,000,000 private placement warrants, and determined to classify the warrants as derivative liabilities measured at fair value, with changes in fair value each period reported in earnings.
As a result, included on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 contained elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus are derivative liabilities related to embedded features contained within our warrants. Accounting Standards Codification 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), provides for the remeasurement of the fair value of such derivatives at each balance sheet date, with a resulting non-cash gain or loss related to the change in the fair value being recognized in earnings in the statement of operations. As a result of the recurring fair value measurement, our consolidated financial statements and results of operations may fluctuate quarterly, based on factors, which are outside of our control. Due to the recurring fair value measurement, we expect that we will recognize non-cash gains or losses on our warrants each reporting period and that the amount of such gains or losses could be material.
We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020. If we are unable to develop and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results in a timely manner, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.
Following this issuance of the SEC Statement, on April 22, 2021, after consultation with our independent registered public accounting firm, our management and our audit committee concluded that, in light of the SEC Statement, it was appropriate to restate our previously issued audited financial statements as of and for the period ended December 31, 2020 (the “Restatement”). See “—Our warrants are accounted for as liabilities and the changes in value of our warrants could have a material effect on our financial results.” As part of such process, we identified a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented, or detected and corrected on a timely basis.
Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. We continue to evaluate steps to remediate the material weakness. These remediation measures may be time consuming and costly and there is no assurance that these initiatives will ultimately have the intended effects.
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If we identify any new material weaknesses in the future, any such newly identified material weakness could limit our ability to prevent or detect a misstatement of our accounts or disclosures that could result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements. In such case, we may be unable to maintain compliance with securities law requirements regarding timely filing of periodic reports in addition to applicable stock exchange listing requirements, investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting and our stock price may decline as a result. We cannot assure you that the measures we have taken to date, or any measures we may take in the future, will be sufficient to avoid potential future material weaknesses. If the Business Combination is consummated, we can provide no assurance that SoFi Technologies’ internal controls and procedures over financial reporting of the post-Business Combination Company will be effective. See “—Risk Management and Financial Reporting Risks—As a private company, we have not endeavored to establish and maintain public-company-quality internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to establish and maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting, as a public company, our ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements could be impaired, investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting and the trading price of our common stock may decline.”
We and, following the Business Combination, SoFi Technologies, may face litigation and other risks as a result of the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting.
Following the issuance of the SEC Statement, after consultation with our independent registered public accounting firm, our management and our audit committee concluded that it was appropriate to restate our previously issued audited financial statements as of December 31, 2020 and for the period from July 10, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020. See “—Our warrants are accounted for as liabilities and the changes in value of our warrants could have a material effect on our financial results.” As part of the Restatement, we identified a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting.
As a result of such material weakness, the Restatement, the change in accounting for the warrants, and other matters raised or that may in the future be raised by the SEC, we and, following the Business Combination, SoFi Technologies, face potential for litigation or other disputes which may include, among others, claims invoking the federal and state securities laws, contractual claims or other claims arising from the Restatement and material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, we have no knowledge of any such litigation or dispute. However, we can provide no assurance that such litigation or dispute will not arise in the future. Any such litigation or dispute, whether successful or not, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition or our ability to complete the Business Combination and related transactions.
Additional Risks Related to Ownership of SoFi Technologies Common Stock Following the Business Combination and SoFi Technologies Operating as a Public Company
The price of SoFi Technologies’ common stock and warrants may be volatile.
Upon consummation of the Business Combination, the price of SoFi Technologies common stock as well as SoFi Technologies warrants may fluctuate due to a variety of factors, including:
changes in the industries in which SoFi Technologies and its customers operate;
developments involving SoFi Technologies’ competitors;
changes in laws and regulations affecting its business;
variations in its operating performance and the performance of its competitors in general;
actual or anticipated fluctuations in SoFi Technologies’ quarterly or annual operating results;
publication of research reports by securities analysts about SoFi Technologies or its competitors or its industry;
the public’s reaction to SoFi Technologies’ press releases, its other public announcements and its filings with the SEC;
actions by stockholders, including the sale by the Third Party PIPE Investors of any of their shares of our common stock;
additions and departures of key personnel;
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commencement of, or involvement in, litigation involving the combined company;
changes in its capital structure, such as future issuances of securities or the incurrence of additional debt;
the volume of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock available for public sale; and
general economic and political conditions, such as the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak, recessions, interest rates, local and national elections, fuel prices, international currency fluctuations, corruption, political instability and acts of war or terrorism.
These market and industry factors may materially reduce the market price of SoFi Technologies common stock and warrants regardless of the operating performance of SoFi Technologies.
SoFi Technologies does not intend to pay cash dividends for the foreseeable future.
Following the Business Combination, SoFi Technologies currently intends to retain its future earnings, if any, to finance the further development and expansion of its business and does not intend to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of SoFi Technologies’ board of directors and will depend on its financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, restrictions contained in future agreements and financing instruments, business prospects and such other factors as its board of directors deems relevant.
If analysts do not publish research about SoFi Technologies’ business or if they publish inaccurate or unfavorable research, SoFi Technologies’ stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for the common stock of SoFi Technologies will depend in part on the research and reports that analysts publish about its business. SoFi does not have any control over these analysts. If one or more of the analysts who cover SoFi Technologies downgrade its common stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about its business, the price of its common stock would likely decline. If few analysts cover SoFi Technologies, demand for its common stock could decrease and its common stock price and trading volume may decline. Similar results may occur if one or more of these analysts stop covering SoFi Technologies in the future or fail to publish reports on it regularly.
SoFi Technologies may be subject to securities litigation, which is expensive and could divert management attention.
The market price of SoFi Technologies’ common stock may be volatile and, in the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation. SoFi Technologies may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Securities litigation against SoFi Technologies could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention from other business concerns, which could seriously harm its business.
Future resales of common stock after the consummation of the Business Combination may cause the market price of SoFi Technologies’ securities to drop significantly, even if SoFi Technologies’ business is doing well.
Pursuant to the lock up restrictions agreed to into in connection with the Merger Agreement and the Proposed Bylaws, after the consummation of the Business Combination and subject to certain exceptions, the Sponsor, SoFi Stockholders who beneficially own 5% or greater of SoFi and certain executive officers of SoFi will be contractually restricted from selling or transferring any of its or their shares of common stock (not including the shares of SoFi Technologies common stock issued in the PIPE Investment pursuant to the terms of the Subscription Agreements) (the “Lock-up Shares”). Such restrictions begin at Closing and end (I) in the case of the lock up restrictions agreed to in connection with the Merger Agreement, with respect to the Sponsor and certain of the SoFi Stockholders on the earlier of (i) the date that is 180 days after Closing and (ii)(a) for 33.33% of the Lock-up Shares, the date on which the last reported sale price of SoFi Technologies common stock equals or exceeds $12.50 per share for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing at least 30 days after Closing and (b) for an additional 50% of the Lock-up Shares, the date on which the last reported sale price of SoFi Technologies common stock equals or exceeds $15.00 per share for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing at least 30 days Closing and (II) in the case of the restrictions contained in the Proposed Bylaws with respect to the SoFi Stockholders on the date that is 30 days after the Closing. The lock-up restrictions described above supersede the lock-up provisions set forth in Section 7 of that certain letter agreement, dated as of October 8, 2020, by and among SCH, the Sponsor and each of the other parties thereto (the “Insider Letter”) which provisions in Section 7 of the Insider Letter shall be of no further force or effect as of the closing of the Business Combination.
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However, following the expiration of the respective lockups described above, the Sponsor and the SoFi Stockholders will not be restricted from selling shares of SoFi Technologies common stock held by them, other than by applicable securities laws. Additionally, the Third Party PIPE Investors will not be restricted from selling any of the shares of SoFi Technologies common stock acquired in the PIPE Investment following the closing of the Business Combination, other than by applicable securities laws. As such, sales of a substantial number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock in the public market could occur at any time. These sales, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could reduce the market price of SoFi Technologies common stock. Upon completion of the Business Combination, the Sponsor and the SoFi Stockholders (not including the shares of SoFi Technologies common stock issued in the PIPE Investment pursuant to the terms of the Subscription Agreements and including the shares of SoFi common stock reserved in respect of SoFi Awards outstanding as of immediately prior to the Closing that will be converted into awards based on SoFi Technologies common stock) will collectively own approximately 76.9% of the outstanding shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, assuming that no public shareholders redeem their public shares in connection with the Business Combination. Assuming all public shares are redeemed in connection with the Business Combination, in the aggregate, the ownership of the Sponsor and the SoFi Stockholders would rise to 84.7% of the outstanding shares of SoFi Technologies common stock (not including the shares of SoFi Technologies common stock issued in the PIPE Investment pursuant to the terms of the Subscription Agreements and including the shares of SoFi common stock reserved in respect of SoFi Awards outstanding as of immediately prior to the Closing that will be converted into awards based on SoFi Technologies common stock).
The shares held by Sponsor and the SoFi Stockholders may be sold after the expiration of the applicable lock up periods agreed to in connection with the Merger Agreement and contained in the Proposed Bylaws. As restrictions on resale end and registration statements (filed after the Closing to provide for the resale of such shares from time to time) are available for use, the sale or possibility of sale of these shares could have the effect of increasing the volatility in SoFi Technologies share price or the market price of SoFi Technologies common stock could decline if the holders of currently restricted shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them.
Compliance obligations under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may make it more difficult to effectuate the Business Combination, require substantial financial and management resources and increase the time and costs of completing the Business Combination.
The fact that SCH is a blank check company makes compliance with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act particularly burdensome on SoFi Technologies as compared to other public companies because SCH is not currently subject to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Additionally, the standards required for a public company under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act are significantly more stringent than those required of SoFi as a privately held company. The management of SoFi Technologies may not be able to effectively and timely implement controls and procedures that adequately respond to the increased regulatory compliance and reporting requirements that will be applicable to SoFi Technologies after the Business Combination. If SoFi Technologies is not able to implement the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner or with adequate compliance, it may not be able to assess whether its internal controls over financial reporting are effective, which may subject it to adverse regulatory consequences and could harm investor confidence and the market price of SoFi Technologies common stock. Additionally, once SCH is no longer an emerging growth company, upon the consummation of the Business Combination, it will be required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirement on our internal control over financial reporting.
The obligations associated with being a public company will involve significant expenses and will require significant resources and management attention, which may divert from SoFi Technologies’ business operations.
As a public company, SoFi Technologies will become subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Exchange Act requires the filing of annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to a public company’s business and financial condition. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that a public company establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting. As a result, SoFi Technologies will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that SoFi did not previously incur. SoFi Technologies’ entire management team and many of its other employees will need to devote substantial time to compliance, and may not effectively or efficiently manage its transition into a public company.
These rules and regulations will result in SoFi Technologies incurring substantial legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, these rules and regulations will likely make it more difficult and more expensive for SoFi Technologies to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and it may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. As a result,
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it may be difficult for SoFi Technologies to attract and retain qualified people to serve on its board of directors, its board committees or as executive officers.
We are currently an emerging growth company within the meaning of the Securities Act, and to the extent we have taken advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies or smaller reporting companies, this could make our securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare our performance with other public companies.
We are currently an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. As a result, our shareholders may not have access to certain information they may deem important. We cannot predict whether investors will find our securities less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result of our reliance on these exemptions, the trading prices of our securities may be lower than they otherwise would be, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the trading prices of our securities may be more volatile.
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company, which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period, difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
When we cease to be an emerging growth company, we will no longer be able to take advantage of certain exemptions from reporting, and, absent other exemptions or relief available from the SEC, we will also be required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We will incur additional expenses in connection with such compliance and our management will need to devote additional time and effort to implement and comply with such requirements.
Risks Related to the Consummation of the Domestication
The Domestication may result in adverse tax consequences for holders of SCH Class A ordinary shares and warrants.
U.S. Holders (as defined in the section entitled “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations”) may be subject to U.S. federal income tax as a result of the Domestication. Because the Domestication will occur immediately prior to the redemption of SCH Class A ordinary shares, U.S. Holders exercising redemption rights will be subject to the potential tax consequences of the Domestication. Additionally, non-U.S. Holders (as defined in the section entitled “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” below) may become subject to withholding tax on any amounts treated as dividends paid on SoFi Technologies common stock after the Domestication.
A U.S. Holder who on the day of the Domestication beneficially owns (actually or constructively) SCH Class A ordinary shares with a fair market value of less than $50,000 on the date of the Domestication will not recognize any gain or loss and will not be required to include any part of our earnings in income. A U.S. Holder who on the day of the Domestication beneficially owns (actually or constructively) SCH Class A ordinary shares with a fair market value of $50,000 or more, but less than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of SCH stock entitled to vote and less than 10% or more of the total value of all classes of SCH stock, will generally recognize gain (but not loss) in respect of the Domestication as if such U.S. Holder exchanged its SCH Class A ordinary shares for SoFi Technologies common stock in a taxable transaction, unless such U.S. Holder elects in accordance with applicable Treasury Regulations to include in income as a deemed dividend the “all earnings and profits amount” (as defined in the Treasury Regulations under Section 367 of the Code) attributable to the SCH
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Class A ordinary shares held directly by such U.S. Holder. A U.S. Holder who on the day of the Domestication beneficially owns (actually or constructively) 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of SCH stock entitled to vote or 10% or more of the total value of all classes of SCH stock, will generally be required to include in income as a deemed dividend the “all earnings and profits amount” (as defined in the Treasury Regulations) attributable to the SCH Class A ordinary shares held directly by such U.S. Holder.
Additionally, proposed Treasury Regulations with a retroactive effective date have been promulgated under Section 1291(f) of the Code, which generally require that a U.S. person who disposes of stock of a PFIC (including for this purpose exchanging warrants for newly issued warrants in the Domestication) must recognize gain equal to the excess of the fair market value of such PFIC stock over its adjusted tax basis, notwithstanding any other provision of the Code. Because we are a blank check company with no current active business, we believe that it is likely that SCH is classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, these proposed Treasury Regulations, if finalized in their current form, would generally require a U.S. Holder of SCH Class A ordinary shares to recognize gain on the exchange of SCH Class A ordinary shares for SoFi Technologies common stock pursuant to the Domestication unless such U.S. Holder has made certain tax elections with respect to such U.S. Holder’s SCH Class A ordinary shares. Proposed Treasury Regulations, if finalized in their current form, would also apply to a U.S. Holder who exchanges SCH warrants for newly issued SoFi Technologies warrants; currently, however, the election mentioned above does not apply to SCH warrants (for discussion regarding the unclear application of the PFIC rules to SCH warrants, see the section entitled “U.S. Federal income Tax Considerations — PFIC Considerations). Any gain recognized from the application of the PFIC rules described above would be taxable income with no corresponding receipt of cash. The tax on any such gain would be imposed at the rate applicable to ordinary income and an interest charge would apply based on complex rules designed to offset the tax deferral to such U.S. Holder on the undistributed earnings, if any, of SCH. It is not possible to determine at this time whether, in what form, and with what effective date, final Treasury Regulations under Section 1291(f) of the Code may be adopted or how any such Treasury Regulations would apply.
Upon consummation of the Business Combination, the rights of holders of SoFi Technologies common stock arising under the DGCL as well as Proposed Organizational Documents will differ from and may be less favorable to the rights of holders of SCH Class A ordinary shares arising under the Cayman Islands Companies Act as well as our current memorandum and articles of association.
Upon consummation of the Business Combination, the rights of holders of SoFi Technologies common stock will arise under the Proposed Organizational Documents as well as the DGCL. Those new organizational documents and the DGCL contain provisions that differ in some respects from those in our current memorandum and articles of association and the Cayman Islands Companies Act and, therefore, some rights of holders of SoFi Technologies common stock could differ from the rights that holders of SCH Class A ordinary shares currently possess. For instance, while class actions are generally not available to shareholders under Cayman Islands Companies Act, such actions are generally available under the DGCL. This change could increase the likelihood that SoFi Technologies becomes involved in costly litigation, which could have a material adverse effect on SoFi Technologies.
In addition, there are differences between the new organizational documents of SoFi Technologies and the current constitutional documents of SCH. For a more detailed description of the rights of holders of SoFi Technologies common stock and how they may differ from the rights of holders of SCH Class A ordinary shares, please see “Comparison of Corporate Governance and Shareholder Rights”. The forms of the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation and the Proposed Bylaws of SoFi Technologies are attached as Annex K and Annex L, respectively, to this proxy statement/prospectus and we urge you to read them.
Delaware law and the Proposed Organizational Documents contain certain provisions, including anti-takeover provisions that limit the ability of stockholders to take certain actions and could delay or discourage takeover attempts that stockholders may consider favorable.
The Proposed Organizational Documents that will be in effect upon consummation of the Business Combination, and the DGCL, contain provisions that could have the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying, or preventing an acquisition that stockholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares. These provisions could also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock, and therefore depress the trading price of SoFi Technologies common stock. These provisions could also make it difficult for stockholders to take certain actions, including electing directors who are not nominated by the current members of the board
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of directors of SoFi Technologies or taking other corporate actions, including effecting changes in our management. Among other things, the Proposed Organizational Documents include provisions regarding:
the ability of the board of directors of SoFi Technologies to issue shares of preferred stock, including “blank check” preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquirer;
the proposed certificate of incorporation will prohibit cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates;
the limitation of the liability of, and the indemnification of, the directors and officers of SoFi Technologies;
the ability of the board of directors of SoFi Technologies to amend the bylaws, which may allow the board of directors of SoFi Technologies to take additional actions to prevent an unsolicited takeover and inhibit the ability of an acquirer to amend the bylaws to facilitate an unsolicited takeover attempt; and
advance notice procedures with which stockholders must comply to nominate candidates to the board of directors of SoFi Technologies or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which could preclude stockholders from bringing matters before annual or special meetings of stockholders and delay changes in the board of directors of SoFi Technologies and also may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of SoFi Technologies. These provisions, alone or together, could delay or prevent hostile takeovers and changes in control or changes in the board of directors or management of SoFi Technologies.
The provisions of the Proposed Bylaws requiring exclusive forum in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and the federal district courts of the United States for certain types of lawsuits may have the effect of discouraging certain lawsuits, including derivative lawsuits and lawsuits against the directors and officers of SoFi Technologies, by limiting plaintiffs’ ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that they find favorable.
The Proposed Bylaws provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, and unless SoFi Technologies consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, in the event that such court does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware or other state courts of the State of Delaware) will be the sole and exclusive forum for any state law claims for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of SoFi Technologies, (ii) any action asserting a claim for or based on a breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer or other employee of SoFi Technologies to SoFi Technologies or SoFi Technologies stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against SoFi Technologies or any current or former director or officer or other employee of SoFi Technologies arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or the Proposed Bylaws or Proposed Certificate of Incorporation (as either may be amended from time to time), (iv) any action asserting a claim related to or involving SoFi Technologies that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine, and (v) any action asserting an “internal corporate claim” as that term is defined in Section 115 of the DGCL (the “Delaware Forum Provision”). The Delaware Forum Provision, however, does not apply to actions or claims arising under the Exchange Act. The Proposed Bylaws also provide that, unless SoFi Technologies consents in writing to the selection of an alternate forum, the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, will be the United States Federal District Courts. Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder; SoFi Technologies stockholders cannot and will not be deemed to have waived compliance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.
These provisions may have the effect of discouraging certain lawsuits, including derivative lawsuits and lawsuits against the directors and officers of SoFi Technologies, by limiting plaintiffs’ ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that they find favorable. The enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ certificates of incorporation or bylaws has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that, in connection with any applicable action brought against SoFi Technologies, a court could find the choice of forum provisions contained in the Proposed Bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in such action.
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Risks if the Adjournment Proposal is Not Approved
If the Adjournment Proposal is not approved, and an insufficient number of votes have been obtained to authorize the consummation of the Business Combination and the Domestication, our board of directors will not have the ability to adjourn the extraordinary general meeting to a later date in order to solicit further votes, and, therefore, the Business Combination will not be approved, and, therefore, the Business Combination may not be consummated.
Our board of directors is seeking approval to adjourn the extraordinary general meeting to a later date or dates if, at the extraordinary general meeting, based upon the tabulated votes, there are insufficient votes to approve each of the Condition Precedent Proposals. If the Adjournment Proposal is not approved, our board of directors will not have the ability to adjourn the extraordinary general meeting to a later date and, therefore, will not have more time to solicit votes to approve the Condition Precedent Proposals. In such events, the Business Combination would not be completed.
Risks if the Domestication and the Business Combination are not Consummated
If we are not able to complete the Business Combination with SoFi by October 14, 2022 nor able to complete another business combination by such date, in each case, as such date may be further extended pursuant to the Cayman Constitutional Documents, we would cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up and we would redeem our Class A ordinary shares and liquidate the trust account, in which case our public shareholders may only receive approximately $10.00 per share and our warrants will expire worthless.
Our ability to complete our initial business combination may be negatively impacted by general market conditions, volatility in the capital and debt markets and the other risks described herein, including as a result of terrorist attacks, natural disaster or a significant outbreak of infectious diseases. For example, the outbreak of COVID-19 continues to grow in the U.S. and, while the extent of the impact of the outbreak on SCH will depend on future developments, it could limit our ability to complete our initial business combination, including as a result of increased market volatility, decreased market liquidity and third-party financing being unavailable on terms acceptable to us or at all. Additionally, the outbreak of the COVID-19 and other events (such as terrorist attacks, natural disasters or a significant outbreak of other infectious diseases) may negatively impact the business of SoFi Technologies following the Business Combination.
If SCH is not able to complete the Business Combination with SoFi by October 14, 2022, nor able to complete another business combination by such date, in each case, as such date may be extended pursuant to SCH’s Cayman Constitutional Documents, SCH will: (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up; (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than 10 business days thereafter, redeem the public shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including interest (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses and which interest shall be net of taxes payable), divided by the number of then issued and outstanding public shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public shareholders’ rights as shareholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if any), subject to applicable law; and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of SCH’s remaining shareholders and its board, dissolve and liquidate, subject in each case to its obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. In such case, our public shareholders may only receive approximately $10.00 per share and our warrants will expire worthless.
You will not have any rights or interests in funds from the trust account, except under certain limited circumstances. To liquidate your investment, therefore, you may be forced to sell your public shares and/or public warrants, potentially at a loss.
Our public shareholders will be entitled to receive funds from the trust account only upon the earliest to occur of (i) our completion of an initial business combination (including the Closing), and then only in connection with those public shares that such public shareholder properly elected to redeem, subject to certain limitations; (ii) the redemption of any public shares properly submitted in connection with a shareholder vote to amend the Cayman Constitutional Documents to (a) modify the substance and timing of our obligation to allow redemption in connection with our initial business combination or to redeem 100% of the public shares if we do not complete a business combination by October 14, 2022 or (b) with respect to any other provision relating to shareholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity; and (iii) the redemption of the public shares if we have not completed an initial business combination by October 14, 2022, subject to applicable law. In no other circumstances will a shareholder have any right or interest of any kind to or in the trust account. Holders of public warrants will not have any right to the proceeds held in the trust account with respect to the public warrants. Accordingly, to liquidate your investment, you may be forced to sell your public shares and/or public warrants, potentially at a loss.
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If we have not completed our initial business combination, our public shareholders may be forced to wait until after October 14, 2022 before redemption from the trust account.
If we have not completed our initial business combination by October 14, 2022 (or if such date is further extended at a duly called extraordinary general meeting, such later date), we will distribute the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account (less up to $100,000 of the net interest to pay dissolution expenses and which interest shall be net of taxes payable), pro rata to our public shareholders by way of redemption and cease all operations except for the purposes of winding up of our affairs, as further described in this proxy statement/prospectus. Any redemption of public shareholders from the trust account shall be affected automatically by function of the Cayman Constitutional Documents prior to any voluntary winding up. If we are required to wind-up, liquidate the trust account and distribute such amount therein, pro rata, to our public shareholders, as part of any liquidation process, such winding up, liquidation and distribution must comply with the applicable provisions of the Cayman Islands Companies Act. In that case, investors may be forced to wait beyond October 14, 2022 (or if such date is further extended at a duly called extraordinary general meeting, such later date), before the redemption proceeds of the trust account become available to them, and they receive the return of their pro rata portion of the proceeds from the trust account. We have no obligation to return funds to investors prior to the date of our redemption or liquidation unless, prior thereto, we consummate our initial business combination or amend certain provisions of our Cayman Constitutional Documents and only then in cases where investors have properly sought to redeem their public shares. Only upon our redemption or any liquidation will public shareholders be entitled to distributions if we have not completed our initial business combination within the required time period and do not amend certain provisions of our Cayman Constitutional Documents prior thereto.
If the net proceeds of our initial public offering not being held in the trust account are insufficient to allow us to operate through to October 14, 2022 and we are unable to obtain additional capital, we may be unable to complete our initial business combination, in which case our public shareholders may only receive $10.00 per share, and our warrants will expire worthless.
As of December 31, 2020, SCH had cash of $259,714 held outside the trust account, which is available for use by us to cover the costs associated with identifying a target business and negotiating a business combination and other general corporate uses. In addition, as of December 31, 2020, SCH had total current liabilities of $183,450.
The funds available to us outside of the trust account may not be sufficient to allow us to operate until October 14, 2022, assuming that our initial business combination is not completed during that time. Of the funds available to us, we could use a portion of the funds available to us to pay fees to consultants to assist us with our search for a target business. We could also use a portion of the funds as a down payment or to fund a “no-shop” provision (a provision in letters of intent designed to keep target businesses from “shopping” around for transactions with other companies on terms more favorable to such target businesses) with respect to a particular proposed business combination, although we do not have any current intention to do so. If we entered into a letter of intent where we paid for the right to receive exclusivity from a target business and were subsequently required to forfeit such funds (whether as a result of our breach or otherwise), we might not have sufficient funds to continue searching for, or conduct due diligence with respect to, a target business.
If we are required to seek additional capital, we would need to borrow funds from Sponsor, members of our management team or other third parties to operate or may be forced to liquidate. Neither the members of our management team nor any of their affiliates is under any further obligation to advance funds to SCH in such circumstances. Any such advances would be repaid only from funds held outside the trust account or from funds released to us upon completion of our initial business combination. If we are unable to obtain additional financing, we may be unable to complete our initial business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination because we do not have sufficient funds available to us, we will be forced to cease operations and liquidate the trust account. Consequently, our public shareholders may only receive approximately $10.00 per share on our redemption of the public shares and the public warrants will expire worthless.
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EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING OF SCH
General
SCH is furnishing this proxy statement/prospectus to our shareholders as part of the solicitation of proxies by our board of directors for use at the extraordinary general meeting of SCH to be held on                               , 2021, and at any adjournment thereof. This proxy statement/prospectus is first being furnished to our shareholders on or about                      , 2021 in connection with the vote on the proposals described in this proxy statement/prospectus. This proxy statement/prospectus provides our shareholders with information they need to know to be able to vote or instruct their vote to be cast at the extraordinary general meeting.
Date, Time and Place
The extraordinary general meeting will be held on                               , 2021, at                              , Eastern Time, at the offices of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP located at 525 University Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94301, or via live webcast at https://www.cstproxy.com/socialcapitalhedosophiaholdingsv/sm2021, or such other date, time and place to which such meeting may be adjourned or virtually postponed, to consider and vote upon the proposals.
Purpose of the SCH Extraordinary General Meeting
At the extraordinary general meeting, SCH is asking holders of ordinary shares to:
consider and vote upon a proposal to approve by ordinary resolution and adopt the Merger Agreement attached to this proxy statement/prospectus statement as Annex A, pursuant to which, among other things, following the Domestication of SCH to Delaware, the Merger of Merger Sub with and into SoFi, with SoFi surviving the merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of SoFi Technologies in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Merger Agreement as more fully described elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus (the “BCA Proposal”);
consider and vote upon a proposal to approve by special resolution, assuming the BCA Proposal is approved and adopted, the change of SCH’s jurisdiction of incorporation by deregistering as an exempted company in the Cayman Islands and continuing and domesticating as a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “Domestication Proposal”);
consider and vote upon the following three separate proposals (collectively, the “Organizational Documents Proposals”) to approve by special resolution, assuming the BCA Proposal and the Domestication Proposal are approved and adopted, the following material differences between the Cayman Constitutional Documents and the Proposed Organizational Documents:
to authorize the change in the authorized capital stock of SCH from 500,000,000 Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share (the “SCH Class A ordinary shares”), 50,000,000 Class B ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class B ordinary shares” and, together with the Class A ordinary shares, the “ordinary shares”), and 5,000,000 preferred shares, par value $0.0001 per share (the “SCH preferred shares”), to 3,000,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of SoFi Technologies (the “SoFi Technologies common stock”), 100,000,000 shares of non-voting common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of SoFi Technologies, 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of SoFi Technologies (the “SoFi Technologies preferred stock”) and 100,000,000 shares of redeemable preferred stock, par value $0.0000025 per share, of SoFi Technologies (“Organizational Documents Proposal A”);
to authorize the board of directors of SoFi Technologies to issue any or all shares of SoFi Technologies preferred stock in one or more classes or series, with such terms and conditions as may be expressly determined by SoFi Technologies’ board of directors and as may be permitted by the DGCL (“Organizational Documents Proposal B”);
to authorize all other changes in connection with the replacement of Cayman Constitutional Documents with the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation and Proposed Bylaws in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination (copies of which are attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex K and Annex L, respectively), including (1) changing the corporate name from “Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V” to “SoFi Technologies, Inc.”, (2) making SoFi Technologies’ corporate existence perpetual, (3) adopting
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Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation and the United States Federal District Courts as the exclusive forum for litigation arising out of the Securities Act, (4) being subject to the provisions of Section 203 of DGCL and (5) removing certain provisions related to SCH’s status as a blank check company that will no longer be applicable upon consummation of the Business Combination, all of which SCH’s board of directors believes is necessary to adequately address the needs of SoFi Technologies after the Business Combination (“Organizational Documents Proposal C”);
consider and vote upon a proposal to approve by ordinary resolution, to elect 12 directors who, upon consummation of the Business Combination, will be the directors of SoFi Technologies (the “Director Election Proposal”);
consider and vote upon a proposal to approve by ordinary resolution for purposes of complying with the applicable provisions of NYSE Listing Rule 312.03, the issuance of SoFi Technologies common stock to (a) the PIPE Investors, including the Sponsor Related PIPE Investors, pursuant to the PIPE Investment and (b) the SoFi Stockholders pursuant to the Merger Agreement (the “Stock Issuance Proposal”);
consider and vote upon a proposal to approve by ordinary resolution, the 2021 Plan (the “Incentive Plan Proposal”);
consider and vote upon a proposal, to approve by ordinary resolution, SoFi Technologies’ entry into a share repurchase agreement (the “Share Repurchase Agreement”) with SoftBank Group Capital Limited (“SoftBank”) and the repurchase (the “Repurchase”) contemplated thereby by SoFi Technologies of $150 million of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock owned by certain investors affiliated with SoftBank at a price per share equal to $10.00 immediately following the Closing (the “Repurchase Proposal”); and
consider and vote upon a proposal to approve the adjournment of the extraordinary general meeting to a later date or dates, if necessary, to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies in the event that there are insufficient votes for the approval of one or more proposals at the extraordinary general meeting (the “Adjournment Proposal”).
Each of the Condition Precedent Proposals is cross-conditioned on the approval of each other. The Adjournment Proposal is not conditioned upon the approval of any other proposal set forth in this proxy statement/prospectus.
Recommendation of SCH Board of Directors
SCH’s board of directors believes that the BCA Proposal and the other proposals to be presented at the extraordinary general meeting are in the best interest of SCH’s shareholders and unanimously recommends that its shareholders vote “FOR” the BCA Proposal, “FOR” the Domestication Proposal, “FOR” each of the separate Organizational Documents Proposals, “FOR” the Director Election Proposal, “FOR” the Stock Issuance Proposal, “FOR” the Incentive Plan Proposal, “FOR” the Repurchase Proposal and “FOR” the Adjournment Proposal, in each case, if presented to the extraordinary general meeting.
The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of SCH’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders and what he, she or they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that shareholders vote for the proposals. In addition, SCH’s officers have interests in the Business Combination that may conflict with your interests as a shareholder. See the section entitled “BCA Proposal — Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination” for a further discussion of these considerations.
Record Date; Who is Entitled to Vote
SCH shareholders will be entitled to vote or direct votes to be cast at the extraordinary general meeting if they owned ordinary shares at the close of business on April 5, 2021, which is the “record date” for the extraordinary general meeting. Shareholders will have one vote for each ordinary share owned at the close of business on the record date. If your shares are held in “street name” or are in a margin or similar account, you should contact your broker to ensure that votes related to the shares you beneficially own are properly counted. SCH warrants do not have voting rights. As of the close of business on the record date, there were 100,625,000 ordinary shares issued and outstanding, of which 80,500,000 were issued and outstanding public shares.
The Sponsor and each director of SCH have agreed to, among other things, vote in favor of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, in each case, subject to the terms and conditions contemplated by the Sponsor Support Agreement, and waive their redemption rights in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination with respect
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to any ordinary shares held by them. The ordinary shares held by the Sponsor will be excluded from the pro rata calculation used to determine the per-share redemption price. As of the date of the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor (including SCH’s independent directors) owns 20.0% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares.
Quorum
A quorum of SCH shareholders is necessary to hold a valid meeting. A quorum will be present at the extraordinary general meeting if the holders of a majority of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares entitled to vote at the extraordinary general meeting are represented in person or by proxy. As of the record date for the extraordinary general meeting, 50,312,501 ordinary shares would be required to achieve a quorum.
Abstentions and Broker Non-Votes
Proxies that are marked “abstain” and proxies relating to “street name” shares that are returned to SCH but marked by brokers as “not voted” will be treated as shares present for purposes of determining the presence of a quorum on all matters, but they will not be treated as shares voted on the matter. Under the rules of various national and regional securities exchanges, your broker, bank, or nominee cannot vote your shares with respect to non-discretionary matters unless you provide instructions on how to vote in accordance with the information and procedures provided to you by your broker, bank, or nominee. We believe all the proposals presented to the shareholders will be considered non-discretionary and therefore your broker, bank, or nominee cannot vote your shares without your instruction.
Vote Required for Approval
The approval of the BCA Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting.
The approval of the Domestication Proposal requires a special resolution under Cayman Islands Companies Act, being the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting. The Domestication Proposal is conditioned on the approval of the BCA Proposal. Therefore, if the BCA Proposal is not approved, the Domestication Proposal will have no effect, even if approved by holders of ordinary shares.
The approval of each of the Organizational Documents Proposals requires a special resolution under Cayman Islands Companies Act, being the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting. Each of the Organizational Documents Proposals is conditioned on the approval of the Domestication Proposal, and, therefore, also conditioned on approval of the BCA Proposal. Therefore, if the BCA Proposal and the Domestication Proposal are not approved, Organizational Documents Proposal A, Organizational Documents Proposal B and Organizational Documents Proposal C will have no effect, even if approved by holders of ordinary shares.
The approval of the Director Election Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting. The Director Election Proposal is conditioned on the approval of the Organizational Documents Proposals, and, therefore, also conditioned on approval of the BCA Proposal and the Domestication Proposal. Therefore, if the BCA Proposal, the Domestication Proposal and the Organizational Documents Proposals are not approved, the Director Election Proposal will have no effect, even if approved by holders of ordinary shares.
The approval of the Stock Issuance Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting. The Stock Issuance Proposal is conditioned on the approval of the Director Election Proposal, and, therefore, also conditioned on approval of the BCA Proposal, the Domestication Proposal and the Organizational Documents Proposals. Therefore, if the BCA Proposal, the Domestication Proposal, the Organizational Documents Proposals and the Director Election Proposal are not approved, the Stock Issuance Proposal will have no effect, even if approved by holders of ordinary shares.
The approval of the Incentive Plan Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote
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at the extraordinary general meeting. The Incentive Plan Proposal is conditioned on the approval of the Stock Issuance Proposal, and, therefore, also conditioned on approval of the BCA Proposal, the Domestication Proposal, the Organizational Documents Proposals and the Director Election Proposal. Therefore, if the BCA Proposal, the Domestication Proposal, the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Director Election Proposal and the Stock Issuance Proposal are not approved, the Incentive Plan Proposal will have no effect, even if approved by holders of ordinary shares.
The approval of the Repurchase Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting. The Repurchase Proposal is conditioned on the approval of the Incentive Plan Proposal, and, therefore, also conditioned on approval of the BCA Proposal, the Domestication Proposal, the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Director Election Proposal, the Stock Issuance Proposal and the Incentive Plan Proposal. Therefore, if the BCA Proposal, the Domestication Proposal, the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Director Election Proposal, the Stock Issuance Proposal and the Incentive Plan Proposal are not approved, the Repurchase Proposal will have no effect, even if approved by holders of ordinary shares.
The approval of the Adjournment Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting. The Adjournment Proposal is not conditioned upon any other proposal.
Voting Your Shares
Each SCH ordinary share that you own in your name entitles you to one vote. Your proxy card shows the number of ordinary shares that you own. If your shares are held in “street name” or are in a margin or similar account, you should contact your broker to ensure that votes related to the shares you beneficially own are properly counted.
There are two ways to vote your ordinary shares at the extraordinary general meeting:
You can vote by signing and returning the enclosed proxy card. If you vote by proxy card, your “proxy”, whose name is listed on the proxy card, will vote your shares as you instruct on the proxy card. If you sign and return the proxy card but do not give instructions on how to vote your shares, your shares will be voted as recommended by SCH’s board “FOR” the BCA Proposal, “FOR” the Domestication Proposal, “FOR” each of the separate Organizational Documents Proposals, “FOR” the Director Election Proposal, “FOR” the Stock Issuance Proposal, “FOR” the Incentive Plan Proposal, “FOR” the Repurchase Proposal and “FOR” the Adjournment Proposal, in each case, if presented to the extraordinary general meeting. Votes received after a matter has been voted upon at the extraordinary general meeting will not be counted.
You can attend the extraordinary general meeting and vote in person. You will receive a ballot when you arrive. However, if your shares are held in the name of your broker, bank or another nominee, you must get a valid legal proxy from the broker, bank or other nominee. That is the only way SCH can be sure that the broker, bank or nominee has not already voted your shares.
Revoking Your Proxy
If you are a SCH shareholder and you give a proxy, you may revoke it at any time before it is exercised by doing any one of the following:
you may send another proxy card with a later date;
you may notify SCH’s Secretary in writing before the extraordinary general meeting that you have revoked your proxy; or
you may attend the extraordinary general meeting, revoke your proxy, and vote online, as indicated above.
Who Can Answer Your Questions About Voting Your Shares
If you are a shareholder and have any questions about how to vote or direct a vote in respect of your ordinary shares, you may call Morrow Sodali LLC, SCH’s proxy solicitor, by calling (800) 662-5200 or banks and brokers can call collect at (203) 658-9400, or by emailing IPOE.info@investor.morrowsodali.com.
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Redemption Rights
Pursuant to the Cayman Constitutional Documents, a public shareholder may request of SCH that SoFi Technologies redeem all or a portion of its public shares for cash if the Business Combination is consummated. As a holder of public shares, you will be entitled to receive cash for any public shares to be redeemed only if you:
(a) hold public shares, or (b) if you hold public shares through units, you elect to separate your units into the underlying public shares and public warrants prior to exercising your redemption rights with respect to the public shares;
submit a written request to Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, that SoFi Technologies redeem all or a portion of your public shares for cash; and
deliver your share certificates (if any) and any other redemption forms to Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, physically or electronically through DTC.
Holders must complete the procedures for electing to redeem their public shares in the manner described above prior to 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on                              , 2021 (two business days before the extraordinary general meeting) in order for their shares to be redeemed.
Therefore, the election to exercise redemption rights occurs prior to the Domestication and the redemption is with respect to the SoFi Technologies public shares that an electing public shareholder holds after the Domestication. For the purposes of Article 49.3 of SCH’s memorandum and articles of association and the Cayman Islands Companies Act, the exercise of redemption rights shall be treated as an election to have such public shares repurchased for cash and references in this proxy statement/prospectus to “redemption” or “redeeming” shall be interpreted accordingly. Immediately following the Domestication and the consummation of the Business Combination, SoFi Technologies shall satisfy the exercise of redemption rights by redeeming the corresponding public shares issued to the public shareholders that validly exercised their redemption rights.
Holders of units must elect to separate the units into the underlying public shares and public warrants prior to exercising redemption rights with respect to the public shares. If holders hold their units in an account at a brokerage firm or bank, holders must notify their broker or bank that they elect to separate the units into the underlying public shares and public warrants, or if a holder holds units registered in its own name, the holder must contact Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, directly and instruct them to do so. Public shareholders may elect to redeem all or a portion of the public shares held by them, regardless of if or how they vote in respect of the BCA Proposal.
If the Business Combination is not consummated, the public shares will be returned to the respective holder, broker or bank. If the Business Combination is consummated, and if a public shareholder properly exercises its right to redeem all or a portion of the public shares that it holds and timely delivers its shares to Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, SoFi Technologies will redeem such public shares for a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the pro rata portion of the trust account, calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of the Business Combination. For illustrative purposes, as of December 31, 2020, this would have amounted to approximately $10.00 per issued and outstanding public share. If a public shareholder exercises its redemption rights in full, then it will be electing to exchange its public shares for cash and will no longer own public shares. The redemption takes place following the Domestication and, accordingly, it is shares of SoFi Technologies common stock that will be redeemed immediately after consummation of the Business Combination.
If you hold the shares in “street name”, you will have to coordinate with your broker to have your shares certificated or delivered electronically. SoFi Technologies public shares that have not been tendered (either physically or electronically) in accordance with these procedures will not be redeemed for cash. There is a nominal cost associated with this tendering process and the act of certificating the shares or delivering them through DTC’s DWAC (deposit withdrawal at custodian) system. The transfer agent will typically charge the tendering broker $80 and it would be up to the broker whether or not to pass this cost on to the redeeming shareholder. In the event the proposed business combination is not consummated this may result in an additional cost to shareholders for the return of their shares.
Any request for redemption, once made by a holder of public shares, may be withdrawn at any time until the deadline for exercising redemption requests, after which such request may only be withdrawn if the board of directors of SCH determines (in its sole discretion) to permit the withdrawal of such redemption request (which they may do in whole or in part). If you deliver your shares for redemption to Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, and later decide prior to the extraordinary general
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meeting not to elect redemption, you may request that SCH’s transfer agent return the shares (physically or electronically) to you. You may make such request by contacting Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, at the phone number or address listed at the end of this section.
Any corrected or changed written exercise of redemption rights must be received by Continental, SCH’s transfer agent, prior to the vote taken on the BCA Proposal at the extraordinary general meeting. No request for redemption will be honored unless the holder’s public shares have been delivered (either physically or electronically) to Continental, SCH’s agent, at least two business days prior to the vote at the extraordinary general meeting.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a public shareholder, together with any affiliate of such public shareholder or any other person with whom such public shareholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from redeeming its public shares with respect to more than an aggregate of 15% of the public shares. Accordingly, if a public shareholder, alone or acting in concert or as a group, seeks to redeem more than 15% of the public shares, then any such shares in excess of that 15% limit would not be redeemed for cash.
The Sponsor and each director of SCH have agreed to, among other things, vote in favor of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, in each case, subject to the terms and conditions contemplated by the Sponsor Support Agreement, and waive their redemption rights in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination with respect to any ordinary shares held by them. The ordinary shares held by the Sponsor will be excluded from the pro rata calculation used to determine the per-share redemption price. As of the date of the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor (including SCH’s independent directors) owns 20.0% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares.
Holders of the warrants will not have redemption rights with respect to the warrants.
The closing price of public shares on April 19, 2021, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, was $15.39. As of December 31, 2020, funds in the trust account totaled $805,017,218 and were comprised entirely of U.S. government treasury obligations with a maturity of 185 days or less or of money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act, which invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations, or approximately $10.00 per issued and outstanding public share.
Prior to exercising redemption rights, public shareholders should verify the market price of the public shares as they may receive higher proceeds from the sale of their public shares in the public market than from exercising their redemption rights if the market price per share is higher than the redemption price. SCH cannot assure its shareholders that they will be able to sell their public shares in the open market, even if the market price per share is higher than the redemption price stated above, as there may not be sufficient liquidity in its securities when its shareholders wish to sell their shares.
Appraisal Rights
Neither SCH’s shareholders nor SCH’s warrant holders have appraisal rights in connection with the Business Combination or the Domestication under the Cayman Islands Companies Act or under the DGCL.
Proxy Solicitation Costs
SCH is soliciting proxies on behalf of its board of directors. This solicitation is being made by mail but also may be made by telephone or in person. SCH and its directors, officers and employees may also solicit proxies in person, by telephone or by other electronic means. SCH will bear the cost of the solicitation.
SCH has hired Morrow Sodali LLC to assist in the proxy solicitation process. SCH will pay that firm a fee of $37,500 plus disbursements. Such fee will be paid with non-trust account funds.
SCH will ask banks, brokers and other institutions, nominees and fiduciaries to forward the proxy materials to their principals and to obtain their authority to execute proxies and voting instructions. SCH will reimburse them for their reasonable expenses.
SCH Initial Shareholders
As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, there are 100,625,000 ordinary shares issued and outstanding, which includes the 20,125,000 founder shares held by the Sponsor and related parties and the 80,500,000 public shares. As of the date
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of this proxy statement/prospectus, there is outstanding an aggregate of 28,125,000 warrants, which includes the 8,000,000 private placement warrants held by the Sponsor and the 20,125,000 public warrants.
At any time at or prior to the Business Combination, subject to applicable securities laws (including with respect to material nonpublic information), the Sponsor, the existing stockholders of SoFi or our or their respective directors, officers, advisors or respective affiliates may (i) purchase public shares from institutional and other investors who vote, or indicate an intention to vote, against any of the Condition Precedent Proposals, or elect to redeem, or indicate an intention to redeem, public shares, (ii) execute agreements to purchase such shares from such investors in the future, or (ii) enter into transactions with such investors and others to provide them with incentives to acquire public shares, vote their public shares in favor of the Condition Precedent Proposals or not redeem their public shares. Such a purchase may include a contractual acknowledgement that such shareholder, although still the record holder of SCH’s shares, is no longer the beneficial owner thereof and therefore agrees not to exercise its redemption rights. In the event that the Sponsor, the existing stockholders of SoFi or our or their respective directors, officers, advisors, or respective affiliates purchase shares in privately negotiated transactions from public shareholders who have already elected to exercise their redemption rights, such selling shareholders would be required to revoke their prior elections to redeem their shares. The purpose of such share purchases and other transactions would be to increase the likelihood of (1) satisfaction of the requirement that holders of a majority of the ordinary shares, represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at the extraordinary general meeting, vote in favor of the BCA Proposal, the Director Election Proposal, the Stock Issuance Proposal, Incentive Plan Proposal, the Repurchase Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal, (2) satisfaction of the requirement that holders of at least two-thirds of the ordinary shares, represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at the extraordinary general meeting, vote in favor of the Domestication Proposal and the Organizational Documents Proposals, (3) satisfaction of the Minimum Cash Condition, (4) otherwise limiting the number of public shares electing to redeem and (5) SCH’s net tangible assets (as determined in accordance with Rule 3a51(g)(1) of the Exchange Act) being at least $5,000,001. Entering into any such arrangements may have a depressive effect on the ordinary shares (e.g., by giving an investor or holder the ability to effectively purchase shares at a price lower than market, such investor or holder may therefore become more likely to sell the shares he or she owns, either at or prior to the Business Combination).
If such transactions are effected, the consequence could be to cause the Business Combination to be consummated in circumstances where such consummation could not otherwise occur. Purchases of shares by the persons described above would allow them to exert more influence over the approval of the proposals to be presented at the extraordinary general meeting and would likely increase the chances that such proposals would be approved. We will file or submit a Current Report on Form 8-K to disclose any material arrangements entered into or significant purchases made by any of the aforementioned persons that would affect the vote on the proposals to be put to the extraordinary general meeting or the redemption threshold. Any such report will include descriptions of any arrangements entered into or significant purchases by any of the aforementioned persons.
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BCA PROPOSAL
SCH is asking its shareholders to approve by ordinary resolution and adopt the Merger Agreement. SCH shareholders should read carefully this proxy statement/prospectus in its entirety for more detailed information concerning the Merger Agreement, a copy of which is attached as Annex A to this proxy statement/prospectus. Please see the subsection entitled “The Merger Agreement” below for additional information and a summary of certain terms of the Merger Agreement. You are urged to read carefully the Merger Agreement in its entirety before voting on this proposal.
Because SCH is holding a shareholder vote on the Merger Agreement, SCH may consummate the Merger only if it is approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of ordinary shares that are voted at the extraordinary general meeting.
The Merger Agreement
This subsection of the proxy statement/prospectus describes the material provisions of the Merger Agreement, but does not purport to describe all of the terms of the Merger Agreement. The following summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the Merger Agreement, a copy of which is attached as Annex A to this proxy statement/prospectus. You are urged to read the Merger Agreement in its entirety because it is the primary legal document that governs the Merger.
The Merger Agreement contains representations, warranties and covenants that the respective parties made to each other as of the date of the Merger Agreement or other specific dates. The assertions embodied in those representations, warranties and covenants were made for purposes of the contract among the respective parties and are subject to important qualifications and limitations agreed to by the parties in connection with negotiating the Merger Agreement. The representations, warranties and covenants in the Merger Agreement are also modified in part by the underlying disclosure letters (the “disclosure letters”), which are not filed publicly and which are subject to a contractual standard of materiality different from that generally applicable to shareholders and were used for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties rather than establishing matters as facts. We do not believe that the disclosure letters contain information that is material to an investment decision. Additionally, the representations and warranties of the parties to the Merger Agreement may or may not have been accurate as of any specific date and do not purport to be accurate as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. Accordingly, no person should rely on the representations and warranties in the Merger Agreement or the summaries thereof in this proxy statement/prospectus as characterizations of the actual state of facts about SCH, SoFi or any other matter.
Structure of the Merger
On January 7, 2021, SCH entered into the Merger Agreement with Merger Sub and SoFi, pursuant to which, among other things, following the Domestication, (i) Merger Sub will merge with and into SoFi, the separate corporate existence of Merger Sub will cease and SoFi will be the surviving corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of SCH and (ii) SCH will change its name to SoFi Technologies, Inc.
Prior to and as a condition of the Merger, pursuant to the Domestication, SCH will change its jurisdiction of incorporation by effecting a deregistration under the Cayman Islands Companies Act and a domestication under Section 388 of the DGCL, pursuant to which SCH’s jurisdiction of incorporation will be changed from the Cayman Islands to the State of Delaware. For more information, see the section entitled “Domestication Proposal”.
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Organizational Structure
The following diagram depicts the organizational structure of SoFi and SoFi Technologies following the Business Combination.
ipoe-20210422_g2.jpg
The above diagram excludes certain consolidated and deconsolidated direct and indirect subsidiaries of Social Finance, Inc., including consolidated and deconsolidated securitization variable interest entities.
Consideration
Aggregate Merger Consideration
At the effective time of the Merger, among other things, each outstanding share of SoFi common stock and preferred stock (other than SoFi Series 1 Preferred Stock) as of immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger, which will be converted into SoFi Technologies common stock based on the conversion ratio applicable to such share of SoFi common stock and preferred stock, as applicable, and, together with shares of SoFi common stock reserved in respect of SoFi Awards and Series H Warrants, in each case, outstanding as of immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger, which will be converted into SoFi Technologies awards and SoFi Technologies warrants, respectively, based on SoFi Technologies common stock, will be canceled and converted into the right to receive, or the reservation of, an aggregate of 657,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock (at a deemed value of $10.00 per share) or, as applicable, shares underlying awards based on SoFi Technologies common stock or warrants to purchase SoFi Technologies common stock (the “Aggregate Common Share Consideration”), representing a pre-transaction equity value of SoFi of approximately $6.6 billion (the “Base Purchase Price”); provided, that the Base Purchase Price will be increased, dollar for dollar, by any additional proceeds paid to SoFi during the Interim Period (as defined below) in respect of any issuances of SoFi common stock pursuant to that certain Common Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 30, 2020, by and among SoFi and the investors party thereto, and the Aggregate Common Share Consideration will increase by one share for every $10 increase in the Base Purchase Price.
In addition, at the effective time of the Merger, each outstanding share of SoFi Series 1 Preferred Stock, as of immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger, will be canceled and converted into the right to receive one fully paid and non-assessable share of SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock (all shares of SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock so issued by SoFi Technologies, collectively, the “Aggregate Preferred Share Consideration” and together with the Aggregate Common Share Consideration, the “Aggregate Merger Consideration”).
In furtherance of the foregoing, at the effective time of the Merger, among other things, each share of SoFi common stock and preferred stock (other than SoFi Series 1 Preferred Stock) outstanding as of immediately prior to the effective time of the
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Merger (other than (x) any shares of SoFi common stock subject to SoFi Awards (as defined below) or Series H Warrants, (y) any shares of SoFi capital stock held in treasury by SoFi, which treasury shares shall be canceled as part of the Merger, and (z) any shares of SoFi capital stock held by stockholders of SoFi who have perfected and not withdrawn a demand for appraisal rights pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Delaware General Corporations Law), will be converted as follows:
each share of SoFi common stock (without giving effect to any conversion of any outstanding SoFi non-redeemable preferred stock into SoFi common stock) will be canceled and converted into the right to receive a number of SoFi Technologies shares of common stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (i) the Aggregate Common Share Consideration by (ii) the aggregate fully diluted number of shares of SoFi common stock (such quotient, the “Base Exchange Ratio”);
each share of SoFi Series A Preferred Stock, SoFi Series B Preferred Stock, SoFi Series C Preferred Stock, SoFi Series D Preferred Stock, SoFi Series E Preferred Stock and SoFi Series H-1 Preferred Stock will be canceled and converted into the right to receive a number of SoFi Technologies shares of common stock equal to the Base Exchange Ratio;
each share of SoFi Series F Preferred Stock will be canceled and converted into the right to receive a number of SoFi Technologies shares of common stock equal to the product of 1.1102 multiplied by the Base Exchange Ratio;
each share of SoFi Series G Preferred Stock will be canceled and converted into the right to receive a number of SoFi Technologies shares of common stock equal to the product of 1.2093 multiplied by the Base Exchange Ratio;
each share of SoFi Series H Preferred Stock will be canceled and converted into the right to receive a number of SoFi Technologies shares of common stock equal to the product of 1.0863 multiplied by the Base Exchange Ratio (except for shares of Series H Preferred Stock held by Anthony Noto, our Chief Executive Officer, which will be canceled and converted into the right to receive a number of SoFi Technologies common shares equal to the Base Exchange Ratio); and
each share of SoFi redeemable preferred stock will be canceled and converted into the right to receive one fully paid and non-assessable share of Series 1 Preferred Stock of SoFi Technologies.
Holders of SoFi Series 1 Preferred Stock who receive shares of SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock at the effective time of the Merger will remain entitled to receive dividends accrued but unpaid as of the date of the Merger Agreement in respect of shares of SoFi Series 1 Preferred Stock.
At the effective time of the Merger, each warrant to purchase shares of SoFi Series H Preferred Stock will no longer be exercisable for shares of SoFi Series H Preferred Stock but will instead become exercisable for a number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock and the exercise price thereof will be adjusted in accordance with the terms of the Amended and Restated Series H Preferred Stock Warrant Agreement.
An additional 122,500,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock will be purchased (at a price of $10.00 per share) at the Closing by certain third-party investors, and affiliates of SCH (collectively, the “PIPE Investors”), for a total aggregate purchase price of up to $1,225,000,000 (the “PIPE Investment”). The proceeds of the PIPE Investment, together with the amounts remaining in SCH’s trust account as of immediately following the effective time of the Merger, will be retained SoFi Technologies following the Closing. For additional information on the Merger Agreement, see “BCA Proposal — The Merger Agreement”.
The exact value of the consideration to be received by holders of equity interests of SoFi at the Closing will depend on the price of SCH ordinary shares as of such time, the Aggregate Fully Diluted Company Common Shares as of such time, and whether there are any adjustments to the Base Purchase Price, and will not be known with certainty until the Closing.
For informational purposes only, assuming (i) a Base Purchase Price of $6.57 billion, (ii) Aggregate Fully Diluted Company Common Shares as of Closing of 370,474,602 (and a resulting Base Exchange Ratio of approximately 1.7734) and
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(iii) a market price of SCH ordinary shares of $15.39 per share (based on the closing price of SCH ordinary shares on the NYSE on April 19, 2021), if the Closing had occurred on April 19, 2021, then, giving effect to the Domestication:
each share of SoFi common stock would have been canceled and converted into the right to receive 1.7734 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock with an aggregate market value (based on the market price of SCH ordinary shares as of such date) of $27.29;
each share of SoFi Series A Preferred Stock, SoFi Series B Preferred Stock, SoFi Series C Preferred Stock, SoFi Series D Preferred Stock, SoFi Series E Preferred Stock and SoFi Series H-1 Preferred Stock would have been canceled and converted into the right to receive 1.7734 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock with an aggregate market value (based on the market price of SCH ordinary shares as of such date) of $27.29;
each share of SoFi Series F Preferred Stock would have been canceled and converted into the right to receive 1.9689 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock with an aggregate market value (based on the market price of SCH ordinary shares as of such date) of $30.30;
each share of SoFi Series G Preferred Stock would have been canceled and converted into the right to receive 2.1446 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock with an aggregate market value (based on the market price of SCH ordinary shares as of such date) of $33.01;
each share of SoFi Series H Preferred Stock (except for shares of Series H Preferred Stock held by Anthony Noto, our Chief Executive Officer) would have been canceled and converted into the right to receive 1.9264 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock with an aggregate market value (based on the market price of SCH ordinary shares as of such date) of $29.65;
each share of SoFi Series 1 Preferred Stock would have been canceled and converted into the right to receive one fully paid and non-assessable share of SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock; and
each warrant to purchase shares of SoFi Series H Preferred Stock would no longer be exercisable for shares of SoFi Series H Preferred Stock but would instead, pursuant to the Amended and Restated Series H Preferred Stock Warrant Agreement, become exercisable for a number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock equal to the product of (i) the number of shares of Series H Preferred Stock underlying such warrant immediately prior to the Closing multiplied by (ii) 1.7734.
We have provided the above calculations for informational purposes only based on the assumptions set forth above. The final exchange ratios will be determined at the Closing pursuant to the formula and terms set forth in the Merger Agreement. The Base Purchase Price, the Aggregate Fully Diluted Company Common Shares as of Closing, and the market price of SCH ordinary shares assumed for purposes of the foregoing illustration are each subject to change, and the actual values for such inputs at the time of the Closing could result in the Base Exchange Ratio, the exchange ratios for the SoFi Series F Preferred Stock, the SoFi Series G Preferred Stock and the SoFi Series H Preferred stock, and the value of the consideration to be received by holders of equity interests in SoFi being more or less than the amounts reflected above. We urge you to obtain current market quotations for SCH ordinary shares.
Treatment of SoFi Options and Restricted Stock Unit Awards
At the effective time of the Merger, among other things, all (i) options to purchase shares of SoFi common stock (“SoFi Options”), and (ii) restricted stock units based on shares of SoFi common stock (“SoFi RSUs”) outstanding as of immediately prior to the Merger (together, the “SoFi Awards”) will be converted into (a) options to purchase shares of SoFi Technologies common stock (“SoFi Technologies Options”), and (b) restricted stock units based on shares of SoFi Technologies common stock (“SoFi Technologies RSUs”), respectively.
Subject to the terms of the Merger Agreement, each SoFi Technologies Option will relate to the number of whole shares of SoFi Technologies common stock (rounded down to the nearest whole share) equal to (i) the number of shares of SoFi common stock subject to the applicable SoFi Option multiplied by (ii) the Base Exchange Ratio. The exercise price for each SoFi Technologies Option will equal (i) the exercise price of the applicable SoFi Option divided by (ii) the Base Exchange Ratio. Subject to the terms of the Merger Agreement, each SoFi Technologies RSU will relate to the number of whole shares of SoFi Technologies common stock (rounded down to the nearest whole share) equal to (i) the number of shares of SoFi common stock subject to the applicable SoFi RSU, multiplied by (ii) the Base Exchange Ratio.
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Prior to the Closing, SoFi shall take all necessary actions to effect the treatment of the SoFi Awards pursuant to SoFi’s 2011 Stock Plan (the “2011 Stock Plan”) and the applicable SoFi Award agreement, and terminate the 2011 Stock Plan and the shares reserved thereunder as of the effective time of the Merger and to ensure no new awards are granted thereunder from and following the effective time of the Merger.
Closing
In accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Merger Agreement, the Closing will take place at 10:00 a.m., New York time, on the date that is two (2) business days after the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement (other than those conditions that by their nature are to be satisfied at the Closing, but subject to the satisfaction or waiver of those conditions), unless another time or date is mutually agreed to in writing by the parties. The date on which the Closing actually occurs is referred to as the “Closing Date”.
Representations and Warranties
The Merger Agreement contains representations and warranties of SCH, Merger Sub and SoFi, certain of which are subject to materiality and material adverse effect (as defined below) qualifiers and may be further modified and limited by the disclosure letters. See “— Material Adverse Effect” below. The representations and warranties of SCH are also qualified by information included in SCH’s public filings, filed or submitted to the SEC on or prior to the date of the Merger Agreement (subject to certain exceptions contemplated by the Merger Agreement).
Representations and Warranties of SoFi
SoFi has made representations and warranties relating to, among other things, company organization, subsidiaries, due authorization, no conflict, governmental authorities and approvals, capitalization of SoFi and its subsidiaries, financial statements, undisclosed liabilities, litigation and proceedings, legal compliance, contracts and no defaults, SoFi benefit plans, labor relations and employees, taxes, brokers’ fees, insurance, permits, equipment and other tangible personal property, real property, intellectual property, privacy and cybersecurity, environmental matters, absence of changes, anti-money laundering, sanctions and international trade compliance, information supplied, vendors, government contracts and broker dealer and investment advisor matters and no additional representations or warranties.
Representations and Warranties of SCH and Merger Sub
SCH and Merger Sub have made representations and warranties relating to, among other things, company organization, due authorization, no conflict, litigation and proceedings, SEC filings, internal controls, listing, financial statements, governmental authorities and approvals, trust account, Investment Company Act and JOBS Act, absence of changes, no undisclosed liabilities, capitalization of SCH, brokers’ fees, indebtedness, taxes, business activities, NYSE stock market quotation, registration statement, proxy statement and proxy/registration statement, no outside reliance and no additional representations or warranties.
Survival of Representations and Warranties
Except in the case of claims against a person in respect of such person’s actual fraud, the representations and warranties of the respective parties to the Merger Agreement will not survive the Closing.
Material Adverse Effect
Under the Merger Agreement, certain representations and warranties of SoFi are qualified in whole or in part by a material adverse effect standard for purposes of determining whether a breach of such representations and warranties has occurred. Under the Merger Agreement, certain representations and warranties of SCH are qualified in whole or in part by a material adverse effect on the ability of SCH to enter into and perform its obligations under the Merger Agreement standard for purposes of determining whether a breach of such representations and warranties has occurred.
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, a material adverse effect with respect to SoFi (“SoFi Material Adverse Effect”) means any event, state of facts, development, circumstance, occurrence or effect (collectively, “Events”) that (i) has had, or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the business, assets, results of operations or financial condition of SoFi and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole or (ii) does or would reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, prevent the ability of SoFi to consummate the Merger.
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However, in no event would any of the following, alone or in combination, be deemed to constitute, or be taken into account in determining whether there has been or will be, a “SoFi Material Adverse Effect”:
a)any change in applicable laws or GAAP or any interpretation thereof following the date of the Merger Agreement;
b)any change in interest rates or economic, political, business or financial market conditions generally;
c)the taking of any action required by the Merger Agreement;
d)any natural disaster (including hurricanes, storms, tornados, flooding, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or similar occurrences) or change in climate;
e)any epidemic, pandemic or other disease outbreak (including COVID-19 and any COVID-19 Measures);
f)any acts of terrorism or war, the outbreak or escalation of hostilities, geopolitical conditions, local, national or international political conditions;
g)any failure of SoFi to meet any projections or forecasts (provided that this clause would not prevent a determination that any Event not otherwise excluded from the definition of SoFi Material Adverse Effect underlying such failure to meet projections or forecasts has resulted in a SoFi Material Adverse Effect);
h)any Events generally applicable to the industries or markets in which SoFi and its subsidiaries operate (including increases in the cost of products, services, supplies, materials or other goods or services purchased from third party suppliers);
i)the announcement of the Merger Agreement and consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby, including any termination of, reduction in or similar adverse impact on relationships, contractual or otherwise, with any landlords, customers, suppliers, lenders, servicers, distributors, partners or employees of SoFi and its subsidiaries (it being understood that this clause will be disregarded for purposes of the representation and warranties in Section 4.4 of the Merger Agreement and the corresponding condition to Closing);
j)any matter set forth on SoFi’s disclosure letter;
k)any Events to the extent actually known by certain individuals identified in SCH’s disclosure letter on or prior to the date of the Merger Agreement; or
l)any action taken by, or at the request of, SCH or Merger Sub.
Any Event referred to in clauses (a), (b), (d), (f) or (h) above (other than any change in applicable Law or interpretation thereof with respect to student loans) may be taken into account in determining if a SoFi Material Adverse Effect has occurred to the extent it has a disproportionate and adverse effect on the business, assets, results of operations or financial condition of SoFi and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, relative to similarly situated companies in the industry in which SoFi and its subsidiaries conduct their respective operations (which will include the financial services and financial technology industries generally), but only to the extent of the incremental disproportionate effect on SoFi and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, relative to similarly situated companies in the industry in which SoFi and its subsidiaries conduct their respective operations.
Covenants and Agreements
SoFi has made covenants relating to, among other things, conduct of business, inspection, preparation and delivery of certain audited financial statements, affiliate agreements, acquisition proposals, transaction litigation and expense statements.
SCH has made covenants relating to, among other things, employee matters, trust account proceeds and related available equity, Nasdaq listing, no solicitation by SCH, SCH’s conduct of business, post-closing directors and officers of SCH, domestication, indemnification and insurance, SCH public filings, PIPE Investment, transaction litigation and expense statements.
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Conduct of Business by SoFi
SoFi has agreed that from the date of the Merger Agreement through the earlier of the Closing or the termination of the Merger Agreement (the “Interim Period”), it will, and will cause its subsidiaries to, except as otherwise explicitly contemplated by the Merger Agreement or the Ancillary Agreements (as defined below), as required by applicable law or as consented to by SCH in writing (which consent will not be unreasonably conditioned, withheld, delayed or denied), use reasonable best efforts to operate the business of SoFi in the ordinary course consistent with past practice. SoFi or any of its subsidiaries may take any action, including the establishment of any (or maintenance of any existing) policy, procedure or protocol, in order to respond to the impact of COVID-19 or comply with any applicable COVID-19 Measures; provided, in each case, that (i) such actions are reasonably necessary, taken in good faith and taken to preserve the continuity of the business of SoFi and its subsidiaries and/or the health and safety of their respective employees and (ii) SoFi shall, to the extent reasonably practicable, inform SCH of any such actions prior to the taking thereof and shall consider in good faith any suggestions or modifications from SCH with respect thereto.
During the Interim Period, SoFi has also agreed not to, and to cause its subsidiaries not to, except as set forth in the SoFi disclosure letter (the “SoFi Disclosure Letter”), as consented to by SCH in writing (which consent will not be unreasonably conditioned, withheld, delayed or denied), as contemplated by the Merger Agreement or Ancillary Agreements or as required by applicable law:
change or amend the governing documents of SoFi or any of SoFi’s subsidiaries or form or cause to be formed any new subsidiary of SoFi;
make or declare any dividend or distribution to stockholders of SoFi or make any other distributions in respect of any of SoFi’s capital stock or equity interests, except dividends and distributions by a wholly-owned Subsidiary of SoFi to SoFi or another wholly-owned subsidiary of SoFi or dividends payable on the SoFi redeemable preferred stock (as defined in the Merger Agreement);
split, combine, reclassify, recapitalize or otherwise amend any terms of any shares or series of SoFi’s or any of its subsidiaries’ capital stock or equity interests, except for any such transaction by a wholly owned subsidiary of SoFi that remains a wholly owned subsidiary of SoFi after consummation of such transaction;
purchase, repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any issued and outstanding share capital, outstanding shares of capital stock, membership interests or other equity interests of SoFi or its subsidiaries, except for (i) the acquisition by SoFi or any of its subsidiaries of any shares of capital stock, membership interests or other equity interests of SoFi or its subsidiaries in connection with the forfeiture or cancellation of such interests or (ii) transactions between SoFi and any wholly-owned subsidiary of SoFi or between wholly owned subsidiaries of SoFi;
enter into, modify in any material respect or terminate (other than expiration in accordance with its terms) any material contracts or any real property lease or any contract between SoFi or a subsidiary of SoFi, on one hand, and any specified shareholders of SoFi or their respective affiliates, on the other hand, other than in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice or as required by law;
sell, assign, transfer, convey, lease or otherwise dispose of any material tangible assets or properties of SoFi or its subsidiaries, except for (i) dispositions of obsolete or worthless equipment (ii) transactions among SoFi and its wholly owned subsidiaries or among its wholly owned subsidiaries and (iii) transactions in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice;
acquire any ownership interest in any real property;
except as required by an existing benefit plan, or certain contractual obligations, (i) grant any severance, retention, change in control or termination or similar pay, except in connection with the promotion, hiring or termination of employment of any non-officer employee in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, (ii) make any change in the key management structure of SoFi or any of SoFi’s subsidiaries or hire or terminate the employment of employees of SoFi or any of SoFi’s subsidiaries at the level of vice president or above, other than terminations for cause or due to death or disability, (iii) terminate, adopt, enter into or materially amend any benefit plan, (iv) increase the cash compensation or bonus opportunity of any employee, officer, director or other individual service provider, except in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, (v) establish any trust or take any other action to secure the payment of any compensation payable by SoFi or any of SoFi’s subsidiaries or (vi) take any action to
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amend or waive any performance or vesting criteria or to accelerate the time of payment of vesting of any compensation or benefit payable by SoFi or any of SoFi’s subsidiaries, except in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice;
acquire by merger or consolidation with, or merge or consolidate with, or purchase substantially all or a material portion of the assets of, any corporation, partnership, association, joint venture or other business organization or division thereof, other than any such transaction (i) in which the aggregate consideration does not exceed, individually or in the aggregate, $50,000,000 and (ii) that is not reasonably expected to, individually or in the aggregate, materially impair the ability of SoFi to perform its obligations under the Merger Agreement;
(i) make, change or revoke any material election in respect of material taxes, (ii) materially amend, modify or otherwise change any filed material tax return, (iii) adopt or request permission of any taxing authority to change any accounting method in respect of material taxes, (iv) enter into any “closing agreement” as described in Section 7121 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (or any similar provision of state, local or foreign law) with any governmental authority, (v) settle any claim or assessment in respect of material taxes, (vi) knowingly surrender or allow to expire any right to claim a refund of any material taxes or (vii) consent to any extension or waiver of the limitation period applicable to any claim or assessment in respect of material taxes or in respect to any material tax attribute that would give rise to any claim or assessment of taxes;
take or knowingly fail to take any action, where such action or failure to act could reasonably be expected to prevent the Merger from qualifying as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations of the United States Treasury;
(i) incur or assume any indebtedness or guarantee any indebtedness of another person, issue or sell any debt securities or warrants or other rights to acquire any debt securities of SoFi or any of SoFi’s subsidiaries or guaranty any debt securities of another person, other than any indebtedness or guarantee (A) incurred in the ordinary course of business pursuant to securitization, warehouse lending or risk retention repurchase arrangements, interest rate protection agreements and currency obligation swaps, hedges or similar arrangements, or letters of credit, bank guarantees, bankers’ acceptances and other similar instruments entered into in connection with leased real property, or (B) incurred between SoFi and any of its wholly owned subsidiaries or between any of such wholly-owned subsidiaries; or (ii) discharge any secured or unsecured obligation or liability (whether accrued, absolute, contingent or otherwise) which individually or in the aggregate exceed $10,000,000, except as otherwise contemplated by the Merger Agreement or as such obligations become due;
issue any additional shares of SoFi Capital Stock or securities exercisable for or convertible into SoFi Capital Stock, except for issuances of SoFi common stock pursuant to the exercise of option or settlement of SoFi RSUs under the SoFi Incentive Plan and applicable award agreement in accordance with their terms as in effect as of the date of the Merger Agreement, or the exercise of warrants to purchase SoFi Capital Stock or the conversion of any SoFi Capital Stock in accordance with its terms as in effect as of the date of the Merger Agreement, in each case, that are outstanding as of the date of the Merger Agreement, or grant any additional equity or equity-based compensation;
adopt a plan of, or otherwise enter into or effect a, complete or partial liquidation, dissolution, restructuring, recapitalization or other reorganization of SoFi or its subsidiaries (other than the Merger);
waive, release, settle, compromise or otherwise resolve any inquiry, investigation, claim, action, litigation or other legal proceedings, except where such waivers, releases, settlements or compromises involve only the payment of monetary damages in an amount less than $1,000,000 individually and less than $3,000,000 in the aggregate;
grant to, or agree to grant to, any person exclusive rights to any intellectual property that is material to SoFi and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or sell, lease, exclusively license (other than licenses to intellectual property granted by SoFi or any of SoFi’s subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice), abandon or permit to lapse or become subject to a lien (other than a permitted lien) or otherwise dispose of, any rights to any intellectual property that is material to SoFi and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, except for the expiration of SoFi’s registered intellectual property in accordance with the applicable statutory term (or in the case of domain names, applicable registration period) or in the reasonable exercise of SoFi’s or any of its subsidiaries’ business judgment as to the costs and benefits of maintaining the item;
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disclose or agree to disclose to any person (other than SCH or any of its representatives) any trade secret or any other material confidential or proprietary information, know-how or process of SoFi or any of its subsidiaries other than in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice or pursuant to written obligations to maintain the confidentiality thereof;
make or commit to make capital expenditures other than in an amount not in excess of the amount set forth in the SoFi Disclosure Letter, in the aggregate;
enter into, modify, amend, renew or extend any collective bargaining agreement or similar labor agreement, other than as required by applicable law, or recognize or certify any labor union, labor organization, or group of employees of SoFi or its subsidiaries as the bargaining representative for any employees of SoFi or its subsidiaries;
waive the restrictive covenant obligation of any current or former employee of SoFi or any of SoFi’s subsidiaries;
(i) limit the right of SoFi or any of SoFi’s subsidiaries to engage in any line of business or in any geographic area, to develop, market or sell products or services, or to compete with any person or (ii) grant any exclusive or similar rights to any person, in each case, except where such limitation or grant does not, and would not be reasonably likely to, individually or in the aggregate, materially and adversely affect, or materially disrupt, the operation of the businesses of SoFi and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice;
amend in a manner materially detrimental to SoFi or any of SoFi’s subsidiaries, terminate, permit to lapse or fail to use reasonable best efforts to maintain any material governmental approval or material permit required for the business of SoFi or any of SoFi’s subsidiaries to be conducted in all material respects as conducted on the date hereof; or
enter into any agreement to take any of the above actions prohibited under the Merger Agreement.
Conduct of Business of SCH
SCH has agreed that during the Interim Period, it will, and will cause Merger Sub to, except as contemplated by the Merger Agreement (including as contemplated by the PIPE Investment or in connection with the Domestication) or the Ancillary Agreements, as required by law, as set forth in SCH’s disclosure letter or as consented to by SoFi in writing (which consent will not be unreasonably conditioned, withheld, delayed or denied), operate its business in the ordinary course and consistent with past practice.
During the Interim Period, except as set forth in SCH’s disclosure letter or as consented to by SoFi in writing (which consent will not be unreasonably conditioned, withheld, delayed or denied), SCH has also agreed not to, and to cause Merger Sub not to, except as otherwise contemplated by the Merger Agreement (including as contemplated by the PIPE Investment or in connection with the Domestication) or the Ancillary Agreements (as defined below), or as required by applicable law:
seek any approval from SCH’s shareholders to change, modify or amend the Trust Agreement or the governing documents of SCH or Merger Sub, except as contemplated by the Transaction Proposals;
(x) make or declare any dividend or distribution to the shareholders of SCH or make any other distributions in respect of any of SCH’s or Merger Sub’s Capital Stock, share capital or equity interests, (y) split, combine, reclassify or otherwise amend any terms of any shares or series of SCH’s or Merger Sub’s Capital Stock or equity interests or (z) purchase, repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any issued and outstanding share capital, outstanding shares of capital stock, share capital or membership interests, warrants or other equity interests of SCH or Merger Sub other than a redemption of shares of SCH Common Stock required to be made in connection with the Merger;
(i) make, change or revoke any material tax election, (ii) amend, modify or otherwise change any filed material tax return, (iii) adopt or request permission of any taxing authority to change any accounting method for tax purposes, (iv) enter into any “closing agreement” as described in Section 7121 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (or any similar provision of state, local or foreign law) with any governmental authority, (v) settle any claim or assessment in respect of a material amount of taxes, (vi) knowingly surrender or allow to expire any right to claim a refund of a material amount of taxes or (vii) consent to any extension or waiver of the limitation period applicable to any claim or assessment in respect of a material amount of taxes or in respect to any material tax attribute that would give rise to any claim or assessment of taxes;
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take or knowingly fail to take any action, where such action or failure to act could reasonably be expected to prevent either the Merger from qualifying as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations of the United States Treasury;
enter into, renew or amend in any material respect, any transaction or material contract with an affiliate of SCH or Merger Sub (including, for the avoidance of doubt, (x) the Sponsor and (y) any person in which the Sponsor has a direct or indirect legal, contractual or beneficial ownership interest of 5% or greater);
incur or assume any indebtedness or guarantee any indebtedness of another person, issue or sell any debt securities or warrants or other rights to acquire any debt securities of SoFi or any of SoFi’s subsidiaries or guaranty any debt security of another person, other than (i) any indebtedness for borrowed money or guarantee incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and in an aggregate amount not to exceed $100,000, (ii) incurred between SCH and Merger Sub or (z) in respect of SCH transaction expenses permitted by the following bullet;
incur, guarantee or otherwise become liable for (whether directly, contingently or otherwise) any indebtedness or otherwise incur, guarantee or otherwise become liable for (whether directly, contingently or otherwise) any other material liabilities, debts or obligations other than in support of the ordinary course operations of Acquiror and incident to the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement or any of the ancillary agreements which are not, individually or in the aggregate, material to SCH or pursuant to any material contract set forth on the SCH disclosure letter;
waive, release, compromise, settle or satisfy any (A) pending or threatened material claim (which shall include, but not be limited to, any pending or threatened action) or (B) any other legal proceeding;
(i) issue any securities of SCH or any option, warrant, right or security (including debt securities) convertible, exchangeable or exercisable into, or for, securities of SCH, other than the issuance of the Aggregate Merger Consideration or in respect of the settlement of specified working capital loans in accordance with its terms or the PIPE Investment substantially concurrently with the Closing, (ii) grant any options, warrants or other equity-based awards with respect to securities of SCH, not outstanding on the date of the Merger Agreement or (iii) amend, modify or waive any of the material terms or rights set forth in any SCH warrant or the Warrant Agreement, including any amendment, modification or reduction of the warrant price set forth therein; or
enter into any agreement to do any of the above actions prohibited under the Merger Agreement.
Covenants of SCH
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, SCH has agreed, among other things, to:
prior to the Closing Date, obtain approval for and adopt the 2021 Plan;
within two business days following the expiration of the sixty-day period after SCH has filed current Form 10 information with the SEC, file an effective registration statement on Form S-8 (or other applicable form) with respect to SoFi Technologies’ common stock issuable under the Incentive Equity Plan and use reasonable efforts to maintain the effectiveness of such registration statement(s) (and the current status of the prospectus or prospectuses contained therein) for so long as awards granted thereunder remain outstanding;
take certain actions so that the Trust Amount will be released from the trust account and so that the trust account will terminate thereafter, in each case, pursuant to the terms and subject to the terms and conditions of the Trust Agreement;
during the Interim Period, ensure SCH remains listed as a public company on the NYSE or Nasdaq and prepare and submit to Nasdaq a listing application in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, and use its reasonable best efforts to cause: (a) such listing application to have been approved by Nasdaq: (b) SCH to satisfy all applicable initial and continuing listing requirements of Nasdaq; and (c) the securities covered by thus registration statement, to be approved for listing on Nasdaq with the trading ticker “SOFI”, in each case, as promptly as reasonably practicable after the date of the Merger Agreement; during the Interim Period, not, and cause its subsidiaries not to, and instruct its and their representatives not to, initiate any negotiations or enter into any
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agreements for certain alternative transactions and to terminate any such negotiations ongoing as of the date of the Merger Agreement;
subject to the terms of SCH’s governing documents, take all such action within its power as may be necessary or appropriate such that immediately following the effective time of the Merger:
Tom Hutton will initially serve as the Chairperson of the Board of Directors of SoFi Technologies, board of directors shall consist of up to thirteen (13) directors, as least seven (7) of whom shall be “independent” directors for the purposes of Nasdaq rules (each, an “Independent Director”), to initially consist of:
i.Anthony Noto (as Chief Executive Officer of SoFi Technologies);
ii.One (1) director to be nominated by Red Crow Capital, LLC;
iii.One (1) director to be nominated by Qatar Investment Authority;
iv.One (1) director to be nominated by Silver Lake Partners;
v.Two (2) directors to be nominated, collectively, by SoftBank Group Capital Limited and SB Sonic Holdco (UK) Limited;
vi.Two (2) Independent Directors to be nominated by the Sponsor;
vii.One (1) Independent Director to be nominated by Red Crow Capital, LLC;
viii.One (1) Independent Director to be nominated, collectively, by SoftBank Group Capital Limited and SB Sonic Holdco (UK) Limited; and
ix.Three (3) Independent Directors to be nominated by SoFi that serve as independent directors on the board of directors of SoFi as of the date of the Merger Agreement;
subject to approval of SCH’s shareholders, cause the Domestication to become effective prior to the effective time of the Merger (see “Domestication Proposal”);
after the effective time of the Merger, indemnify and hold harmless each present and former director and officer of SoFi and SCH and each of their respective subsidiaries against any costs, expenses, damages or liabilities incurred in connection with any legal proceeding, to the fullest extent that would have been permitted under applicable law and the applicable governing documents to indemnify such person;
maintain, and cause its subsidiaries to maintain for a period of not less than six years from the effective time of the Merger (i) provisions in its governing documents and those of its subsidiaries concerning the indemnification and exoneration of its subsidiaries and their subsidiaries’ former and current officers, directors and employees and agents, no less favorable than as contemplated by the applicable governing documents of SoFi immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger and (ii) a directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy covering those persons who are currently covered by SCH’s, SoFi’s or their respective subsidiaries’ directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies on terms not less favorable than the terms of such current insurance coverage, except that in no event will SCH be required to pay an annual premium for such insurance in excess of 300% of the aggregate annual premium payable by SCH or SoFi, as applicable, for such insurance policy for the year ended December 31, 2020;
on the Closing Date, enter into customary indemnification agreements reasonably satisfactory to each of SoFi and SCH with the post-Closing directors and officers of SoFi Technologies, which indemnification agreements will continue to be effective following the Closing;
from the date of the Merger Agreement through the effective time of the Merger, keep current and timely file all reports required to be filed or furnished with the SEC and otherwise comply in all material respects with its reporting obligations under applicable law;
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except as otherwise approved by SoFi (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed) SCH shall not (other than changes that are solely ministerial and other de minimis changes) permit any amendment or modification to be made to, permit any amendment or modification to be made to, any waiver (in whole or in part) of, or provide consent to modify (including consent to terminate), any provision or remedy under, or any replacements of, any of the PIPE Subscription Agreements, in each case, other than any assignment or transfer contemplated therein or expressly permitted thereby (without any further amendment, modification or waiver to such permitted assignment or transfer provision) and so long as the initial party to such Subscription Agreement remains bound by its obligations with respect thereto in the event that the transferee or assignee, as applicable, does not comply with its obligations to consummate the purchase of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock contemplated thereby;
use its reasonable best efforts to take, or to cause to be taken, all actions required, necessary or that it deems to be proper or advisable to consummate the transaction contemplated by the PIPE Subscription Agreements on the terms described therein, including using its reasonable best efforts to enforce its rights under the PIPE Subscription Agreements to cause the PIPE Investors to pay to (or as directed by) SCH the applicable purchase price under each PIPE Investor’s applicable Subscription Agreement in accordance with its terms; and
SCH shall give SoFi prompt written notice: (i) of any requested amendment to any Subscription Agreement; (ii) of any breach or default to the knowledge of SCH (or any event or circumstance that, to the knowledge of SCH, with or without notice, lapse of time or both, would give rise to any breach or default) by any party to any Subscription Agreement known to SCH; (iii) of the receipt of any written notice or other written communication from any party to any Subscription Agreement with respect to any actual, or to the knowledge of SCH, potential, threatened or claimed expiration, lapse, withdrawal, breach, default, termination or repudiation by any party to any Subscription Agreement or any provisions of any Subscription Agreement; and (iv) if SCH does not expect to receive all or any portion of the applicable purchase price under any Subscription Agreement in accordance with its terms.
Covenants of SoFi
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, SoFi has agreed, among other things, to:
subject to confidentiality obligations that may be applicable to information furnished to SoFi or any of its subsidiaries by third parties and except for any information that is subject to attorney-client privilege, and to the extent permitted by applicable law (including any applicable COVID-19 Measures), afford SCH and its accountants, counsel and other representatives reasonable access during the Interim Period to their properties, books, contracts, commitments, tax returns, records and appropriate officers and employees and furnish such representatives will all financial and operating data and other information concerning the affairs of SoFi and its subsidiaries that are in the possession of SoFi or its subsidiaries as such representatives may reasonably request;
as soon as reasonably practicable following the date of the Merger Agreement. SoFi shall deliver to SCH the audited consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations and comprehensive loss, cash flows and changes in temporary and permanent equity of SoFi and its subsidiaries as of and for the twelve (12) month period ended December 31, 2020, together with the auditor’s reports thereon (the “2020 Audited Financial Statements”), which comply in all material respects with the applicable accounting requirements and with the rules and regulations of the SEC, the Exchange Act and the Securities Act applicable to a registrant;
at or prior to Closing, terminate and settle all Affiliate Agreements (as defined in the Merger Agreement) set forth in the applicable section of SoFi’s disclosure letter without further liability to SCH, SoFi or any of its subsidiaries;
during the Interim Period, not, and to use reasonable best efforts to cause its representatives to not, (i) initiate any negotiations with any person with respect to certain alternative transactions, (ii) enter into an agreement with respect to any such alternative transactions or proposed transactions, (iii) grant any waiver, amendment or release under any confidentiality agreement or the anti-takeover laws of any state, or (iv) otherwise knowingly facilitate any inquiries, proposals, discussions, or negotiations or any effort or attempt by any person to make a proposal with respect to any such alternative transaction; and
to the extent required by applicable law or contract, provide notice of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement to its investment advisory clients and seek such clients’ consent to any “assignment” of the applicable advisory agreement.
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Joint Covenants of SCH and SoFi
In addition, each of SCH and SoFi has agreed, among other things, to take certain actions set forth below.
Each of SCH and SoFi will (and, to the extent required, will cause its affiliates to) comply promptly, but in no event later than ten business days after the date of the Merger Agreement, with the notification and reporting requirements of the HSR Act and use its reasonable best efforts to obtain early termination of the waiting period under the HSR Act and (ii) as soon as practicable, make such other filings with any foreign governmental authorities as may be required under any applicable similar foreign law.
Each of SCH and SoFi will substantially comply with any information or document requests with respect to antitrust matters as contemplated by the Merger Agreement.
Each of SCH and SoFi will (and, to the extent required, will cause its affiliates to) (x) request early termination of any waiting period or periods under the HSR Act and exercise its reasonable best efforts to (i) obtain termination or expiration of the waiting period or periods under the HSR Act and (ii) prevent the entry, in any legal proceeding brought by an antitrust authority or any other person, of any governmental order which would prohibit, make unlawful or delay the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement and (y) take certain other actions to cooperate to avoid any governmental order from an antitrust authority that would delay, enjoin, prevent, restrain or otherwise prohibit the consummation of the Merger, including sharing relevant information with the other parties thereto for such purposes (subject to, as applicable, a requirement to obtain SoFi’s prior written consent with respect to certain such actions identified above as contemplated by the Merger Agreement).
SCH and SoFi will jointly prepare and SCH will file with the SEC the proxy statement / registration statement in connection with the registration under the Securities Act of (i) the shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, SCH warrants and units comprising such to be issued in connection with the Domestication and (ii) the shares of SoFi Technologies common stock that constitute the Aggregate Merger Consideration.
Each of SCH and SoFi will use its reasonable best efforts to cause the proxy statement / registration statement to comply with the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC, to have the Registration Statement (as defined below) declared effective under the Securities Act as promptly as practicable after such filing and to keep the Registration Statement effective as long as is necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement and otherwise ensure that the information contained therein contains no untrue statement of material fact or material omission.
SCH will, as promptly as practicable after the registration statement is declared effective under the Securities Act, (i) disseminate proxy statement to shareholders of SCH, (ii) give notice, convene and hold a meeting of the shareholders to vote on the Condition Precedent Proposals, in each case in accordance with its governing documents then in effect and Section 710 of the NYSE Listing Rules or Nasdaq Listing Rule 5620(b), as applicable, for a date no later than 30 business days following the date the registration statement is declared effective, (iii) solicit proxies from the holders of public shares of SCH to vote in favor of each of the Condition Precedent Proposals, and (iv) provide its shareholders (including the holders of SCH Class A ordinary shares) with the opportunity to elect to effect a Redemption.
SoFi will use its reasonable best efforts to obtain the requisite stockholder approval necessary to consummate the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger (the “SoFi Stockholder Approvals”), by written consent of collective holders of shares of SoFi Capital Stock sufficient to obtain SoFi Stockholder Approval promptly following the time at which the registration statement shall have been declared effective under the Securities Act and delivered or otherwise made available to stockholders, and in any event within five business days after the registration statement shall have been declared effective.
SCH and SoFi will each, and will each cause their respective subsidiaries to use reasonable best efforts to obtain all material consents and approvals of third parties that any of SCH, SoFi, or their respective affiliates are required to obtain in order to consummate the Merger.
Each of SoFi and SCH will, prior to the Closing, shall use all reasonable efforts to approve in advance in accordance with the applicable requirements of Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act, any dispositions of the SoFi capital stock (including derivative securities with respect to the SoFi capital stock) and acquisitions of SoFi
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Technologies common stock (including derivative securities with respect to SoFi Technologies common stock) resulting from the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement by each officer or director of SCH or SoFi who is subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act (or who will become subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act) as a result of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement.
Each of SoFi and SCH will each, and will each cause their respective subsidiaries and its and their representatives to, prior to the Closing, reasonably cooperate in a timely manner in connection with any financing arrangement the parties mutually agree to seek in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement.
SCH will use its reasonable best efforts to, and will instruct its financial advisors to, keep SoFi and its financial advisors reasonably informed with respect to the PIPE Investment during the period commencing on the date of announcement of the Merger Agreement or the transactions contemplated thereby until the Closing Date.
Until the earlier of the Closing or termination of the Merger Agreement, each of SCH and SoFi will each notify the other promptly after learning of any shareholder demand (or threat thereof) or other shareholder claim, action, suit, audit, examination, arbitration, mediation, inquiry, legal proceeding, or investigation, whether or not before any governmental authority (including derivative claims), relating to the Merger Agreement, or any of the transactions contemplated thereby (collectively, “Transaction Litigation”) commenced or to the knowledge of SCH or SoFi, as applicable, threatened in writing against (x) in the case of SCH, SCH, any of SCH’s controlled affiliates or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or shareholders (in their capacity as such) or (y) in the case of SoFi, SoFi, any of SoFi’s Subsidiaries or controlled affiliates or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or shareholders (in their capacity as such). SCH and SoFi have also agreed to (i) keep the other reasonably informed regarding any Transaction Litigation, (ii) give the other the opportunity to, at its own cost and expense, participate in the defense, settlement and compromise of any such Transaction Litigation and reasonably cooperate with the other in connection with the defense, settlement and compromise of any such Transaction Litigation, (iii) consider in good faith the other’s advice with respect to any such Transaction Litigation and (iv) reasonably cooperate with each other with respect to any Transaction Litigation; provided, however, that in no event shall (x) SoFi, any of SoFi’s Affiliates or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or shareholders settle or compromise any Transaction Litigation without the prior written consent of SCH (not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed) or (y) SCH, any of SCH’s affiliates or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or shareholders settle or compromise any Transaction Litigation without SoFi’s prior written consent (not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed).
Closing Conditions
The consummation of the Merger is conditioned upon the satisfaction or waiver by the applicable parties to the Merger Agreement of the conditions set forth below. Therefore, unless these conditions are waived by the applicable parties to the Merger Agreement, the Merger may not be consummated. There can be no assurance that the parties to the Merger Agreement would waive any such provisions of the Merger Agreement.
Minimum Cash Condition
The Merger Agreement provides that the obligations of SoFi to consummate the Merger are conditioned on, among other things, that as of immediately prior to the Closing, the amount of cash available in the trust account, after deducting the amount required to satisfy SCH’s obligations to its shareholders (if any) that exercise their rights to redeem their public shares pursuant to the Cayman Constitutional Documents (but prior to the payment of any SCH transaction expenses or SoFi transaction expenses (such amount, the “Trust Amount”), plus the aggregate gross purchase price for the shares in the PIPE Investment actually received by SCH prior to or substantially concurrently with the Closing must be equal to or greater than $900,000,000 (the “Minimum Cash Condition”). The Minimum Cash Condition is for the sole benefit of SoFi.
Conditions to the Obligations of Each Party
The obligations of each party to the Merger Agreement to consummate, or cause to be consummated, the Merger are subject to the satisfaction of the following conditions, any one or more of which may be waived in writing by all of such parties:
the approval of the Condition Precedent Proposals by SCH’s shareholders will have been obtained (the “SCH Shareholder Approval”);
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SoFi Stockholder Approval shall have been obtained;
the registration statement of which this proxy statement/prospectus forms a part (the “Registration Statement”) will have become effective under the Securities Act and no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement will have been issued and no proceedings for that purpose will have been initiated or threatened by the SEC and not withdrawn;
the waiting period or periods under the HSR Act applicable to the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, or the (i) Sponsor Support Agreement, and (ii) Company Holders Support Agreement (clauses (i), and (ii), collectively, the “Ancillary Agreements”) will have expired or been terminated;
there will not be in force any order, judgment, injunction, decree, writ, stipulation, determination or award (entered by or with any federal, state, provincial, municipal, local or foreign government, governmental authority, regulatory or administrative agency, governmental commission, department, board, bureau, agency or instrumentality, court or tribunal (a “Governmental Order”), in each case, to the extent such governmental authority has jurisdiction over the parties to the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby), statute, rule or regulation enjoining or prohibiting the consummation of the Merger;
SCH will have at least $5,000,001 of net tangible assets (as determined in accordance with Rule 3a51-1(g)(1) of the Exchange Act);
the shares of SoFi Technologies common stock to be issued in connection with the Domestication and Merger will have been approved for listing on by Nasdaq (subject to official notice of issuance) and, as of immediately following the effective time of the Merger, SCH shall be in compliance, in all material respects, with applicable initial and continuing listing requirements of Nasdaq, and SCH shall not have received any notice of non-compliance therewith from Nasdaq that has not been cured or would not be cured at or immediately following the effective time of the Merger;
Either the (i) FINRA Approval shall have been obtained, which approval shall be in full force and effect, or (ii) thirty (30) days shall have passed since a substantially complete continuing membership application shall have been submitted, and FINRA shall have notified SoFi or its subsidiaries that it does not intend to impose a material membership restriction on SoFi’s broker-dealer subsidiary in connection with the FINRA Approval.
Conditions to the Obligations of SCH and Merger Sub
The obligations of SCH and Merger Sub to consummate, or cause to be consummated, the Merger are subject to the satisfaction of the following additional conditions, any one or more of which may be waived in writing by SCH and Merger Sub:
each of the representations and warranties of SoFi contained in the Merger Agreement (disregarding any qualifications and exceptions contained therein relating to materiality, material adverse effect or any similar qualification or exception) will be true and correct as of the Closing Date, except with respect to such representations and warranties that are made as of an earlier date, which representations and warranties will be true and correct at and as of such date, except for, in each case, inaccuracies or omissions that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a SoFi Material Adverse Effect; and
each of the covenants of SoFi to be performed as of or prior to the Closing will have been performed in all material respects.
Conditions to the Obligations of SoFi
The obligation of SoFi to consummate, or cause to be consummated, the Merger is subject to the satisfaction of the following conditions any one or more of which may be waived in writing by SoFi:
each of the representations and warranties of SCH contained in the Merger Agreement (disregarding any qualifications and exceptions contained therein relating to materiality, material adverse effect or any similar qualification or exception) will be true and correct, in each case as of the Closing Date, except with respect to such representations and warranties that are made as of an earlier date, which representations and warranties will be true and correct at and as of
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such date, except for, in each case, inaccuracies or omissions that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on SCH or SCH’s ability to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement;
each of the covenants of SCH to be performed as of or prior to the Closing will have been performed in all material respects;
As of immediately following the effective time of the Merger, the Board of Directors of SCH shall consist of the number of directors, and be otherwise constituted in accordance with the Merger Agreement; provided, that SoFi shall have performed the covenants of SoFi to be performed prior to the effectiveness of this Registration Statement pursuant to the proviso in Section 7.6(a) of the Merger Agreement;
the Domestication will have been completed as contemplated by the Merger Agreement and a time-stamped copy of the certificate issued by the Delaware Secretary of State in relation thereto will have been delivered to SoFi (for additional information, see “Domestication Proposal”);
as of immediately following the effective time of the Merger, no single stockholder of SoFi Technologies (excluding any such stockholder of SoFi Technologies that holds SoFi capital stock as of immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger), will own greater than nine and nine-tenths percent (9.9%) of the then-issued and outstanding shares of SoFi Technologies common stock; and
the Minimum Cash Condition. For more information, see “— The Merger Agreement —  Consideration — Closing Conditions— Minimum Cash Condition above.
Termination; Effectiveness
The Merger Agreement may be terminated and the Merger abandoned at any time prior to the Closing:
by written consent of SoFi and SCH;
by SoFi or SCH if any Governmental Order has become final and nonappealable which has the effect of making consummation of the Merger illegal or otherwise preventing or prohibiting the Merger;
by SoFi if the SCH Shareholder Approval will not have been obtained by reason of the failure to obtain the required vote at a meeting of SCH’s shareholders duly convened therefor or at any adjournment thereof;
by SoFi if there has been a modification in recommendation of the board of directors of SCH with respect to any of the Condition Precedent Proposals;
prior to the Closing, by written notice to SoFi from SCH in the event of certain uncured breaches on the part of SoFi or if the Closing has not occurred on or before July 7, 2021, which date shall be automatically extended to October 7, 2021 if as of July 7, 2021 all conditions to the consummation of the Merger have been satisfied or waived other than those relating to the absence of any governmental order which would prohibit, make unlawful or delay the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement (such date, as it may be extended, the “Agreement End Date”), unless SCH is in material breach of the Merger Agreement;
by SCH, if SoFi shall not have obtained the requisite approval from its stockholders of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated within five business days after the Registration Statement is declared effective by the SEC and delivered or otherwise made available to stockholders; or
prior to the Closing, by written notice to SCH from SoFi in the event of certain uncured breaches on the part of SCH or Merger Sub or if the Closing has not occurred on or before the Agreement End Date, unless SoFi is in material breach of the Merger Agreement.
In the event of the termination of the Merger Agreement, the Merger Agreement will become void and have no effect, without any liability on the part of any party thereto or its respective affiliates, officers, directors or stockholders, other than liability of SoFi, SCH or Merger Sub, as the case may be, for any willful and material breach of the Merger Agreement
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occurring prior to such termination, other than with respect to certain exceptions contemplated by the Merger Agreement (including the terms of the Confidentiality Agreement) that will survive any termination of the Merger Agreement.
Waiver; Amendments
No provision of the Merger Agreement may be waived unless such waiver is in writing and signed by the party or parties against whom such waiver is effective. Any party to the Merger Agreement may, at any time prior to the Closing, by action taken by its board of directors, board of managers, managing member or other officers or persons thereunto duly authorized, (a) extend the time for the performance of the obligations or acts of the other parties hereto, (b) waive any inaccuracies in the representations and warranties (of another party hereto) that are contained in the Merger Agreement or (c) waive compliance by the other parties hereto with any of the agreements or conditions contained in the Merger Agreement, but such extension or waiver will be valid only if in writing signed by the waiving party.
The Merger Agreement may be amended or modified in whole or in part, only by a duly authorized agreement in writing that is executed in the same manner as the Merger Agreement and which makes reference to the Merger Agreement.
Fees and Expenses
If the Closing does not occur, each party to the Merger Agreement will be responsible for and pay its own expenses incurred in connection with the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, including all fees of its legal counsel, financial advisers and accountants. If the Closing occurs, SoFi Technologies will, upon the consummation of the Merger and release of proceeds from the trust account, pay or cause to be paid all accrued and unpaid transaction expenses of SoFi and pay or cause to be paid all accrued transaction expenses of SCH or its affiliates (including the Sponsor). SCH and SoFi will exchange written statements listing all accrued and unpaid transaction expenses not less than two business days prior to the Closing Date.
Certain Engagements in Connection with the Business Combination and Related Transactions
Citi, Credit Suisse and Goldman Sachs are acting as co-placement agents to SCH in connection with the PIPE Investment and Citi and Goldman Sachs are acting as co-financial advisors to SoFi in connection with the proposed business combination. In connection with such engagements, Citi, Credit Suisse and Goldman Sachs (or its respective affiliates) will receive fees and expense reimbursements customary for a PIPE transaction and business combination (in each case subject to the terms and conditions of its respective engagement letters with SCH and SoFi). In addition, SCH and SoFi each signed letters with Citi, Credit Suisse and Goldman Sachs acknowledging Citi’s, Credit Suisse’s and Goldman Sachs’s role as co-placement agents to SCH in connection with the PIPE Investment and Citi and Goldman Sachs’s role as co-financial advisors to SoFi in connection with the proposed Business Combination and waiving any conflicts. Citi, Credit Suisse, Goldman Sachs and their respective affiliates have engaged in, or may in the future engage in, as applicable, investment banking and other commercial dealings in the ordinary course of business with SCH. They have received, or may in the future receive, as applicable, customary fees and commissions for these transactions.
Related Agreements
This section describes certain additional agreements entered into or to be entered into pursuant to the Merger Agreement, but does not purport to describe all of the terms thereof. The following summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of each of the agreements. The full text of the Related Agreements, or forms thereof, are filed as annexes to this proxy statement/prospectus or as exhibits to the registration statement of which this proxy statement/prospectus forms a part, and the following descriptions are qualified in their entirety by the full text of such annexes and exhibits. Shareholders and other interested parties are urged to read such Related Agreements in their entirety prior to voting on the proposals presented at the extraordinary general meeting.
Sponsor Support Agreement
In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement, SCH, the Sponsor, SoFi and the Persons set forth on Schedule I thereto entered into the Sponsor Support Agreement, dated as of January 7, 2021, a copy of which is attached to the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus as Annex C. Pursuant to the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Sponsor and each director of SCH agreed to, among other things, vote to adopt and approve the Merger Agreement and all other documents and transactions contemplated thereby, in each case, subject to the terms and conditions of the Sponsor Support Agreement.
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The Sponsor Support Agreement will terminate in its entirety, and be of no further force or effect, upon the earliest to occur of (i) the Expiration Time (as defined in the Sponsor Support Agreement), (ii) the liquidation of SCH and (iii) the written agreement of SCH, the Sponsor and SoFi. Upon such termination of the Sponsor Agreement, all obligations of the parties under the Sponsor Agreement will terminate, without any liability or other obligation on the part of any party thereto to any person in respect thereof or the transactions contemplated hereby, and no party thereto will have any claim against another (and no person will have any rights against such party), whether under contract, tort or otherwise, with respect to the subject matter thereof; provided, however, that the termination of the Sponsor Agreement will not relieve any party thereto from liability arising in respect of any breach of the Sponsor Agreement prior to such termination.
SoFi Holders Support Agreement
In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement, SCH entered into a support agreement with SoFi and certain stockholders of SoFi (the “SoFi Stockholders”), representing, in aggregate, 50.7% of the voting power of the outstanding SoFi capital stock, voting as a single class and on an as-converted basis, as of January 7, 2021, a copy of which is attached to the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus as Annex B (the “SoFi Holders Support Agreement”). Pursuant to the SoFi Holders Support Agreement, SoFi Stockholders agreed to, among other things, vote to adopt and approve, following the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, the Merger Agreement and all other documents and transactions contemplated thereby, subject to the terms and conditions of SoFi Holders Support Agreement.
Pursuant to SoFi Holders Support Agreement, the Requisite SoFi Stockholders (as defined in the SoFi Holders Support Agreement) also agreed to, among other things, deliver a duly executed copy of the Registration Rights Agreement at the Closing.
The SoFi Holders Support Agreement will terminate in its entirety, and be of no further force or effect, upon the earliest to occur of (i) the Expiration Time (as defined in SoFi Holders Support Agreement) and (ii) the written agreement of the parties thereto. Upon such termination of the SoFi Holders Support Agreement, all obligations of the parties under SoFi Holders Support Agreement will terminate, without any liability or other obligation on the part of any party thereto to any person in respect thereof or the transactions contemplated hereby, and no party thereto will have any claim against another (and no person will have any rights against such party), whether under contract, tort or otherwise, with respect to the subject matter thereof; provided, however, that the termination of the SoFi Holders Support Agreement will not relieve any party thereto from liability arising in respect of any breach of the SoFi Holders Support Agreement prior to such termination.
Shareholders’ Agreement and Share Repurchase Agreement
The Merger Agreement contemplates that, at the Closing, SoFi Technologies, the Sponsor and certain former stockholders of SoFi (the “SoFi Holders”) will enter into the Shareholders’ Agreement, pursuant to which (i) following the Closing, SoFi Technologies will enter into a share repurchase agreement with SoftBank Group Capital Limited (the “Share Repurchase Agreement”) committing SoFi Technologies to repurchase, in the aggregate, $150 million of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock owned by the SoftBank Investors at a price per share equal to $10.00. Following such repurchase, in the event the combined ownership of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock by the SoftBank Investors and Renren SF Holdings Inc., or their affiliates, exceeds 24.9% (or 14.9%, if the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System has provided written notice to SoFi Technologies that the SoftBank Investors, Renren SF Holdings Inc. and their respective affiliates, must own or control, collectively, 14.9% or less of the voting power of any class of voting securities of SoFi Technologies in order for any of the SoftBank Investors, Renren SF Holdings Inc. or their respective affiliates to not “control” SoFi Technologies (within the meaning of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended)), then upon the written request of SoFi Technologies, the SoftBank Investors will convert a number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock into non-voting common stock such that, following such conversion, the combined ownership of the SoftBank Investors, Renren SF Holdings Inc. and their affiliates will not exceed such threshold. Shares of SoFi Technologies non-voting common stock will automatically convert into SoFi Technologies voting common stock (i) as a result of transfers of shares of SoFi Technologies non-voting common stock (A) in which no transferee (or group of associated transferees) would receive two percent (2%) or more of the outstanding securities of any class of voting securities of SoFi Technologies, (B) to a transferee that would control more than fifty percent (50%) of every class of voting securities of SoFi Technologies without any such transfer, (C) to SoFi Technologies and (D) in a widespread public distribution, and (ii) in connection with any issuances of SoFi Technologies voting common stock, at the election of any SoftBank Investor, whereby SoFi Technologies non-voting common stock held by such SoftBank Investor may be converted into the same number of shares of SoFi Technologies voting common stock so long as such SoftBank Investor does not acquire a higher percentage of the outstanding SoFi Technologies voting common stock than such SoftBank Investor controlled immediately prior to such issuance. Based on the beneficial ownership of SoFi common stock by the SoftBank Investors, Renren SF Holdings Inc. and their affiliates as of December 31, 2020, and assuming (x) SoFi Technologies issues
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684,503,581 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock in connection with the Business Combination and (y) SoFi Technologies repurchases 15 million shares of SoFi Technologies common stock owned by the SoFi Investors in the repurchase pursuant to the Share Repurchase Agreement, the expected beneficial ownership of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock by the SoftBank Investors, Renren SF Holdings Inc. and their affiliates immediately following the consummation of the Business Combination and the share repurchase described above would be 142,944,205. If, as of the Closing, SoFi Technologies maintains an amount of available cash that exceeds one billion, two-hundred and fifty million dollars $(1,250,000,000) minus the aggregate amount of the net proceeds raised pursuant to that certain Common Stock Purchase Agreement, dated December 30, 2020, by and among SoFi and the investors specified therein, in the aggregate, and the Board of Directors approves the repurchase of SoFi Technologies common stock, then until the earlier of 180 days following the Closing and such time as the amount of such repurchases equals $250 million, SoFi Technologies will offer the SoFi Holders the right to sell to SoFi Technologies shares of SoFi Technologies common stock owned by the SoFi Holders at a price per share equal to $10.00, subject to certain prioritizations between such stockholders, and in each case on the terms, and subject to the conditions, set forth in the Shareholders’ Agreement.
The Shareholders’ Agreement further sets forth the following ongoing board designation rights following the consummation of the Business Combination:
The Sponsor will be entitled to nominate (i) two (2) independent directors for so long as it and its affiliated funds own at least 50% of the SoFi Technologies common shares owned by them immediately following the Closing and (ii) one (1) independent director for so long as it and its affiliated funds own at least (x) 25% of the SoFi Technologies common shares owned by them immediately following the Closing or (y) 5% percent of the issued and outstanding shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, subject to certain replacement rights.
The SoftBank Investors will be entitled to nominate (i) two (2) directors for so long as they own at least 50% of the SoFi Technologies common shares owned by them immediately following the Closing (less any shares repurchased as described above) and (ii) one (1) director for so long as they own at least (x) 25% of the SoFi Technologies common shares owned by them immediately following the Closing (less any repurchased shares) or (y) 5% of the issued and outstanding shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, subject to certain replacement rights. The SoftBank Investors will also be entitled to nominate one (1) independent director for so long as they own at least 50% of the SoFi Technologies common shares owned by them immediately following the Closing, subject to certain restrictions and replacement rights. The SoftBank Investors’ ownership of SoFi Technologies non-voting common stock, if any, will count towards satisfying such ownership requirements.
The Silver Lake Investors will be entitled to nominate one (1) director for so long as they own at least (i) 50% of the SoFi Technologies common shares owned by them immediately following the Closing (less any shares repurchased as described above) or (ii) 5% of the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock, subject to certain replacement rights.
The QIA Investors will be entitled to nominate one (1) director for so long as the they own at least (i) 50% of the SoFi Technologies common shares owned by them immediately following the Closing (less any shares repurchased as described above) or (ii) 5% of the issued and outstanding shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, subject to certain replacement rights.
The Red Crow Investors will be entitled to nominate one (1) director for so long as the they own at least (i) 50% of the SoFi Technologies common shares owned by them immediately following the Closing or (ii) 5% of the issued and outstanding shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, subject to certain replacement rights. The Red Crow Investors will also be entitled to nominate one (1) independent director for so long as they own at least 50% of the SoFi Technologies common shares owned by them immediately following the Closing, subject to certain replacements rights.
Following the consummation of the Business Combination, the Shareholders’ Agreement also grants, subject to applicable law and qualification of the applicable designees as “independent” pursuant to the Nasdaq Listing Standards, the following designation rights with respect to committees of the SoFi Technologies Board of Directors:
The SoftBank Investors shall be entitled to designate (i) one (1) member of each of two (2) standing committees of the SoFi Technologies Board of Directors (as determined by the SoftBank Investors) for so long as the SoftBank Investors are entitled to nominate two (2) directors to the SoFi Technologies Board of Directors and (ii) one (1) member of one (1) standing committee of the SoFi Technologies Board of Directors (as determined by the SoftBank Investors) for so
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long as the SoftBank Investors are entitled to nominate one (1) director to the SoFi Technologies Board of Directors. In addition, for so long as a director or the independent director nominated by the SoftBank Investors serves on the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, the Compensation Committee or the Audit and Risk Committee, any such Committee may not have fewer than four (4) members.
The Red Crow Investors shall be entitled to designate (i) one (1) member of each of two (2) standing committees of the SoFi Technologies Board of Directors (as determined by the Red Crow Investors) for so long as the Red Crow Investors are entitled to nominate both a director and an independent director to the SoFi Technologies Board of Directors and (ii) one (1) member of one (1) standing committee of the SoFi Technologies Board of Directors (as determined by the Red Crow Investors) for so long as the Red Crow Investors are entitled to nominate either a director or an independent director to the SoFi Technologies Board of Directors.
The Silver Lake Investors shall be entitled to designate one (1) member of one (1) standing committee of the SoFi Technologies Board of Directors (as determined by the Silver Lake Investors) for so long as the Silver Lake Investors are entitled to nominate a director to the SoFi Technologies Board of Directors.
During the time as the applicable SoFi Holder has the nomination rights described above, (i) SoFi Technologies agrees to include such nominees on its slate of nominees to stand for election and to recommend, support and solicit proxies for such nominees in substantially the same manner as it recommends, supports and solicits proxies for any other members of such slate of director nominees and (ii) such SoFi Holder agrees to appear in person or by proxy at any meeting of SoFi Technologies’ shareholders at which directors are to be elected and to vote all shares beneficially owned by such SoFi Holder in favor of each of the nominees on the slate of director nominees nominated by SoFi Technologies and otherwise in accordance with the Board’s recommendation on any other proposal related to the appointment, election or removal of directors.
Amended and Restated Series 1 Preferred Stock Investors’ Agreement
In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement, SCH and the Series 1 Holders entered into the Series 1 Agreement, dated as of January 7, 2021, a copy of which is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex H. The Series 1 Agreement amends and restates in its entirety the Series 1 Preferred Stock Investors’ Agreement, dated as of May 29, 2019, among SoFi and the Series 1 Holders (the “Original Series 1 Agreement”) and assigns all of SoFi’s rights, remedies, obligations and liabilities under the Original Series 1 Agreement to SCH. The Series 1 Agreement will become effective as of and subject to the Closing, except that it became effective as of January 7, 2021 with respect to the cash payment described in the next sentence. The Series 1 Agreement contains financial and other covenants, provides for certain information rights and provides for the cash payment of $21.8 million to the Series 1 Holders, immediately upon the Closing, in full satisfaction of the special payment rights set forth in the Original Series 1 Agreement, which is subject to adjustment in accordance with the Merger Agreement.
The Series 1 Agreement further provides that if the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series 1 Preferred Stock shall be entitled to appoint a director designated by QIA to the Board of Directors of SoFi Technologies, as provided in the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation, then each Series 1 Investor shall vote such number of shares of Series 1 Preferred Stock as is necessary to ensure that the person designated by QIA is so elected, subject to certain restrictions. The financial covenants included in the Series 1 Agreement require that SoFi maintain, as of the end of any fiscal year, (a) minimum consolidated tangible net worth of not less than 50% of the consolidated tangible net worth of SoFi as of the date of initial issuance of the Series 1 Preferred Stock, (b) a maximum leverage ratio of 2.0x, (c) a maximum ratio of preferred and parity stock to consolidated tangible net worth of 1.0x and (d) consolidated tangible net worth in excess of a minimum equity amount. Additionally, the Series 1 Agreement contains incurrence covenants with respect to indebtedness and preferred stock of SoFi or any of its restricted subsidiaries as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement.
Registration Rights Agreement
The Merger Agreement contemplates that, at the Closing, SoFi Technologies, the Sponsor, certain affiliates of the Sponsor and certain SoFi Holders will enter into the Registration Rights Agreement, pursuant to which SoFi Technologies will agree to register for resale, pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, certain shares of SoFi Technologies common stock and other equity securities of SoFi Technologies that are held by the parties thereto from time to time.
The Registration Rights Agreement amends and restates the registration rights agreement that was entered into by SCH, the Sponsor and the other parties thereto in connection with SCH’s initial public offering. The Registration Rights Agreement will terminate on the date that such party no longer holds any Registrable Securities (as defined therein).
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Series 1 Registration Rights Agreement
The Merger Agreement contemplates that, at the Closing, SoFi Technologies and the Series 1 Investors will enter into the Series 1 Registration Rights Agreement, pursuant to which SoFi Technologies will agree to register for resale, pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, the Series 1 Preferred Stock and any other equity security of the SoFi Technologies or any of its subsidiaries issued or issuable with respect to shares of Series 1 Preferred Stock. The Registration Rights Agreement will terminate on the date that such party no longer holds any Registrable Securities (as defined therein).
Amended and Restated Series H Warrants
The Merger Agreement contemplates that, at Closing, SoFi Technologies and each holder of Series H Warrants will enter into an amended and restated warrant which will supersede the outstanding warrants to purchase shares of Series H Preferred Stock, and pursuant to which, such holder will have the right to purchase a number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock set forth therein.
Lock-up Agreements
The Merger Agreement contemplates that, at the Closing, SoFi Technologies, the Sponsor, certain key holders of the Sponsor, and certain SoFi Holders, will agree to restrictions on transfer with respect to the Lock-up Shares, including a lock-up of such shares in each case ending on the earlier of (i) the date that is 180 days after the Closing Date and (ii) (a) for 33% of the Lock-up Shares held by each of the parties thereto (and their respective permitted transferees), the date which the last reported sale price of SoFi Technologies common stock equals or exceeds $12.50 per share (subject to adjustment) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing at least 30 days after the Closing Date and (b) for an additional 50% of the Lock-up Shares held by each of the parties thereto (and their respective permitted transferees), the date which the last reported sale price of SoFi Technologies common stock equals or exceeds $15.00 per share (subject to adjustment) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing at least 30 days after the Closing Date. The Lock-up Agreements supersede the lock-up provisions set forth in Section 7 of that certain letter agreement, dated as of November 13, 2020, by and among SCH and the signatory thereto (the “Insider Letter), which provisions will be of no further force or effect as of the closing of the Business Combination.
PIPE Subscription Agreements
In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement, SCH entered into Subscription Agreements with the PIPE Investors, a copy of the form of which is attached to the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus as Annex D, pursuant to which the PIPE Investors agreed to purchase, in the aggregate, 122,500,000 shares of SCH common stock at $10.00 per share for an aggregate commitment amount of $1,225,000,000. The obligation of the parties to consummate the purchase and sale of the shares covered by the Subscription Agreement is conditioned upon (i) there not being in force any injunction or order enjoining or prohibiting the issuance and sale of the shares covered by the Subscription Agreement, (ii) there not being any amendment or modification of the terms of the Merger Agreement in a manner that is materially adverse to the PIPE Investor (in its capacity as such), (iii) a customary bringdown of the representations and warranties of the PIPE Investor and SCH in the Subscription Agreement and (iv) the prior or substantially concurrent consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. The closings under the Subscription Agreements will occur prior to or substantially concurrently with the Closing.
The Subscription Agreements provide that, solely with respect to subscriptions by Third-Party Investors (which investors are not party to the Registration Rights Agreement), SCH is required to file with the SEC, within 10 business days after the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, a shelf registration statement covering the resale of the shares of SCH common stock to be issued to any such Third-Party Investor and to use its commercially reasonable efforts to have such registration statement declared effective as soon as practicable after the filing thereof but no later than the earlier of (i) the 60th calendar day (or 90th calendar day if the SEC notifies SCH that it will “review” such registration statement) following the Closing (as defined in the Subscription Agreement) and (ii) the 5th business day after the date SCH is notified (orally or in writing, whichever is earlier) by the SEC that such registration statement will not be “reviewed” or will not be subject to further review, provided, however, that such registration statement shall not be required to become effective prior to the 30th calendar day following the Closing (as defined in the Subscription Agreement).
Additionally, pursuant to the Subscription Agreements, the PIPE Investors agreed to waive any claims that they may have at the Closing (as defined in the Subscription Agreements) or in the future as a result of, or arising out of, the Subscription Agreements against SCH, including with respect to the trust account. The Subscription Agreements will terminate, and be of no
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further force and effect, upon the earliest to occur of (i) such date and time as the Merger Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms, (ii) upon the mutual written agreement of SCH and the applicable PIPE Investor, (iii) if the conditions set forth therein are not satisfied or are not capable of being satisfied prior to the Closing (as defined in the Subscription Agreements) and, as a result thereof, the transactions contemplated therein will not be or are not consummated at the Closing (as defined in the Subscription Agreements), and (iv) December 31, 2021 if the Closing (as defined in the Subscription Agreement) has not occurred on or before such date.
Background to the Business Combination
SCH is a blank check company incorporated on July 10, 2020, as a Cayman Islands exempted company formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. The proposed Business Combination was the result of an extensive search for a potential transaction using the network, investing and operating experience of our management team, including our board of directors. The terms of the Merger Agreement were the result of extensive negotiations between SCH and SoFi. The following is a brief description of the background of these negotiations, the proposed Business Combination and related transactions.
On October 14, 2020, SCH completed its initial public offering of 80,500,000 units, including 10,500,000 units subject to the underwriter’s over-allotment option, at a price of $10.00 per unit (the “SCH units”), generating gross proceeds of $805,000,000 before transaction costs (including deferred underwriting expenses to be paid upon the completion of SCH’s initial business combination). Each SCH unit consisted of one SCH Class A ordinary share and one-fourth of one public warrant. Each public warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one SCH Class A ordinary share at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to certain adjustments. Simultaneously with the closing of the initial public offering, SCH completed the private sale of an aggregate of 8,000,000 private placement warrants at a price of $2.00 per warrant to the Sponsor. The private placement warrants are the same as the public warrants, except that the private placement warrants will be exercisable on a cashless basis and be non-redeemable by SCH so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the private placement warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the private placement warrants will be redeemable by SCH and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the public warrants. In addition, the private placement warrants and their underlying securities will not be transferable, assignable, or salable until 30 days after the consummation of SCH’s initial business combination, subject to limited exceptions. In connection with SCH’s initial public offering, Connaught (UK) Limited (“Connaught”) acted as financial advisor to SCH, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC (“Credit Suisse”) acted as capital markets advisor to SCH, Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP (“Skadden”) acted as U.S. legal advisor to SCH and Maples and Calder (“Maples”) acted as Cayman Islands legal advisor to SCH. Connaught and Credit Suisse, after deliberation by the Board,were decided to not be engaged to render, and did not render, a fairness opinion with respect to the Business Combination. The officers and directors of SCH have substantial experience in evaluating the operating and financial merits of companies from a wide range of industries and concluded that their experience and background, together with the experience and sector expertise of SCH’s advisors, enabled them to make the necessary analyses and determinations regarding the Business Combination. Connaught and Credit Suisse each has not performed any services for SoFi, and has not received any compensation from SoFi, in each case, in the two-year period preceding the date that SCH and SoFi entered into the Merger Agreement.
Since the completion of its initial public offering, SCH considered numerous potential target businesses with the objective of consummating its initial business combination. Representatives of SCH contacted and were contacted by numerous individuals and entities who presented ideas for business combination opportunities, including financial advisors and companies in the sports, data, semiconductor, media, logistics, healthcare, technology, financial services, consumer services and e-commerce sectors. SCH considered businesses that it believed had attractive long-term growth potential, were well-positioned within their industry and would benefit from the substantial intellectual capital, operational experience, and network of SCH’s management team. In the process that led to identifying SoFi as an attractive investment opportunity, SCH’s management team evaluated over 100 potential business combination targets, made contact with representatives of 33 such potential combination targets to discuss the potential for a business combination transaction, and entered into non-disclosure agreements with 3 such potential business combination targets, all of which did not contain a standstill provision.
Beginning during the week of October 12, 2020, weekly meetings via teleconference were held among members of SCH’s management team (including Chamath Palihapitiya, Chief Executive Officer of SCH and Chairman of the SCH board of directors, and Ian Osborne, President of SCH and a member of the SCH board of directors) certain of SCH’s advisors, and those of SCH’s directors who were able to attend such calls on any given occasion, as applicable, in order to discuss matters relating to SCH’s initial business combination. Initially, such meetings were intended to allow SCH management and certain of SCH’s advisors to provide updates regarding the status of the evaluation of, and outreach to, potential business combination targets. During those weekly meetings that were held from October 16, 2020, through December 18, 2020, (when such weekly meetings
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were discontinued as a result of the entry into exclusive discussions regarding the proposed business combination with SoFi), SCH’s management and certain of SCH’s advisors provided updates regarding the status of the potential business combination transaction with SoFi, including with respect to the negotiation of definitive transaction documents, the due diligence review being conducted by SCH’s advisors, the status of the PIPE Investment, and other related matters. On October 15, 2020, representatives of another special purpose acquisition company (“SPAC A”), of which Chamath Palihapitiya and Ian Osborne are the Chief Executive Officer and President, respectively, and which held a smaller amount of proceeds in trust than SCH, entered into a non-disclosure agreement with SoFi.
During the next two weeks, representatives of SPAC A and representatives of SoFi held multiple conference calls and email exchanges to investigate the merits of a potential business combination transaction involving SPAC A and SoFi.
Following these discussions, during the first three weeks of November, there were multiple telephone conversations involving representatives of SoFi and representatives of SPAC A regarding a request from SoFi to terminate discussions with SPAC A and instead enter into discussions with SCH regarding a potential business combination transaction, as the amount that SCH held in trust would be better suited to SoFi’s current capital needs and objectives.
On November 21, 2020, all of the members of the board of directors of SPAC A held a meeting via teleconference, considered the potential benefits and disadvantages of this request for SPAC A and its shareholders, and unanimously approved a resolution to terminate discussions with SoFi effective immediately.
Later on November 21, 2020, SCH executed a non-disclosure agreement (the “Non-Disclosure Agreement”) with SoFi. After the Non-Disclosure Agreement was executed, SoFi began providing preliminary confidential information to SCH regarding SoFi and its subsidiaries and their collective business operations.
On November 21, 2020, representatives of SCH e-mailed to representatives of SoFi an initial draft non-binding letter of intent, addressed to Anthony Noto in his capacity as Chief Executive Officer of SoFi, which included, subject to further due diligence an initial pre-transaction equity value for the SoFi business of $6.2 billion. The initial draft non-binding letter of intent also contemplated a PIPE Investment of at least $450 million, in the aggregate, from insider and third-party PIPE Investors.
The $6.2 billion valuation was consistent with SCH management’s evaluation of the business, and was based on SCH management’s analysis of the projected net revenue and adjusted EBITDA to be generated by the business, as projected by SoFi’s management, SCH management’s further analysis of SoFi’s lending, financial services and technology go-forward business mix, the likelihood of obtaining a national bank charter, as described elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus, other materials provided by SoFi’s management, and analysis of companies in the financial services market, including diversified financials, payments, and lending businesses such as American Express, Charles Schwab, Square, Adyen, PayPal, First Republic Bank, and Rocket Companies. SCH evaluated its proposed valuation of SoFi in the context of the company’s forecasted financial performance and business mix both today and in the future with reference to the current trading multiples of these comparable companies at the time of the negotiations and their historical trading multiples over various time periods. The valuation proposed in the non-binding proposal valued SoFi’s financial plan without the impact of a national bank charter, which SoFi’s management expected would increase the projected net revenue and adjusted EBITDA of the company. SCH management determined that the prudent approach was to value SoFi based on the existing plan and capital structure, recognizing the potential future value creation of a national bank charter.
From November 29, 2020, through December 15, 2020, various discussions were held between the parties around the pre-transaction equity valuation proposed by SCH and multiple drafts of the non-binding letter of intent were exchanged. During these discussions SoFi notified SCH that it was concurrently pursuing an equity raise (anticipated to amount to between $300 million and $400 million, in the aggregate) which SoFi expected to be consummated prior to the execution of definitive transaction documents with respect to the potential business combination transaction between SoFi and SCH. SCH management determined that the pre-transaction equity valuation should be increased from $6.2 billion by the amount of the net proceeds raised in this transaction, and ultimately settled on this approach, yielding a pre-transaction equity valuation of SoFi of $6.6 billion which was reflected in the executed non-binding letter of intent of December 16, 2020 (the “LOI”).
The newly issued common stock of SoFi Technologies, valued at the pre-transaction equity value of $6.6 billion, will be divided by $10.00 per share to determine the post-closing shares owned by pre-transaction SoFi Stockholders, consistent with SCH’s initial public offering price of $10.00 per share.
The exchange ratios between SoFi’s existing share classes and SCH’s common shares is an output of the pre-transaction equity value of $6.2 billion divided by the applicable number of outstanding SoFi common stock and preferred share classes,
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adjusted for certain pre-Closing share issuances and cancellations, including, but not limited to the investment made by T. Rowe Price in December 2020 which resulted in a final pre-transaction equity value of $6.6 billion.
Both SCH’s founder shares, totaling 20,125,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares, and the PIPE Investment, totaling $1,225 million, will convert into SoFi Technologies common stock at a value of $10.00.
The resultant post-Closing pro forma ownership of SoFi Technologies is a function of the aggregate value of the pre-transaction equity value to SoFi Stockholders, SCH founder shares, and PIPE Investment, divided by the a value share price of $10.00.
From November 21, 2020, through November 27, 2020, representatives of SCH and of SoFi held multiple conference calls to discuss the terms of the initial draft non-binding letter of intent, in addition to the parties’ perspectives on, among other things, public markets positioning and, as discussed above, appropriate valuation framework.
On November 27, 2020, representatives of SCH and representatives of SoFi held a meeting via teleconference, during which members of SoFi’s management team presented an investor presentation regarding SoFi and its business operations, including financial information, historic and projected revenues and profits, views on competitive positioning and market opportunity, and background on the SoFi management team.
On December 15, 2020, SCH held a meeting via video teleconference of all of the members of the SCH board of directors in addition to Steve Trieu, SCH’s Chief Financial Officer, Simon Williams, SCH’s General Counsel and Secretary, and Ravi Tanuku, a representative of Social Capital LP (an affiliate of the Sponsor), and representatives of Skadden. During the meeting, members of SCH’s management team, including Mr. Palihapitiya and Mr. Osborne, supported by certain of SCH’s advisors, (i) provided the other members of the SCH board of directors (Jennifer Dulski and Jay Parikh) with additional background regarding SoFi and its business, (ii) discussed the proposed terms of a potential business combination transaction involving SCH and SoFi as expected to be reflected in a proposed final non-binding letter of intent, and reviewed the reasons for exploring a proposed transaction with SoFi upon the terms set forth in the LOI, and (iii) reviewed the proposed valuation reflected in the LOI (which remained subject to due diligence), including the methodology used and the other considerations and assumptions underlying such valuation. Mr. Palihapitiya also solicited questions and other feedback thereupon from the SCH board of directors (including with respect to proposed valuation and related considerations).
On December 16, 2020, following additional discussion among the parties of the terms of a potential business combination transaction involving SCH and SoFi, Mr. Osborne, on behalf of SCH, and Anthony Noto (SoFi’s Chief Executive Officer), on behalf of SoFi, executed the agreed final version of the LOI regarding a potential business combination transaction (subject to due diligence and negotiation of definitive agreements) involving SCH and SoFi, which reflected a pre-transaction equity value for SoFi of $6.6 billion (such increase from the $6.2 billion pre-transaction equity value was agreed between the parties to account for the additional net cash proceeds generated by the equity raise (anticipated to amount to between $300 million and $400 million, in the aggregate), which SoFi expected to be consummated prior to the execution of the definitive transaction documents with respect to the potential business combination transaction between SoFi and SCH). The base purchase price that resulted was equal to the net proceeds raised plus the initial pre-transaction equity valuation of $6.2 billion; SCH determined that this adjustment was appropriate to reflect the additional financial and operating flexibility provided by the net cash proceeds), with no further adjustment for SoFi’s cash or debt (other than an upward adjustment to reflect the net increase in cash resulting from a contemplated equity raise, expected to be consummated after the date of the LOI but prior to execution of definitive transaction documents in respect of the proposed business combination) (such amount, as adjusted, the “Base Purchase Price”), and which contemplated that a newly-formed, wholly-owned subsidiary of SCH would merge with and into SoFi, which would then merge with and into SCH, and that, if agreed by the parties, SCH would re-domicile as a Delaware corporation prior to the consummation of the potential business combination transaction. Pursuant to the LOI, the total merger consideration would consist of a number of shares of newly-issued common shares of SCH, valued at $10.00 per share, equal to the Base Purchase Price divided by $10.00.
Pursuant to the LOI, the total size of the PIPE Investment was contemplated to be $450 million, with (x) at least $200 million (but no more than $225 million) to be invested by entities identified by the Sponsor and (y) the remainder to be invested by certain additional investors (which the parties agreed may include mutual funds and existing shareholders of SCH).
Pursuant to the LOI, each of SoFi and SCH agreed to be subject to an exclusivity period from the date of the LOI until the earliest of (i) the parties’ mutual agreement in writing to terminate the obligations contained in the LOI, and (ii) the expiration of the 30-day period beginning on the date the LOI is executed (with an agreement to extend this period, if mutually agreed, to
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the extent that the definitive documentation in respect of the proposed transaction has not been executed prior to the expiration of such period, but the parties continue to negotiate in good faith with respect thereto) (the “Exclusivity Period”).
On December 17, 2020, and December 18, 2020, representatives of SCH and of SoFi held multiple conference calls to discuss matter related to the parties’ proposed transaction timeline and SCH’s and its advisors’ business, accounting, tax and legal due diligence review of SoFi and its business.
On December 19, 2020, representatives of Skadden, on behalf of SCH, and representatives of each of Goodwin Procter LLP (“Goodwin”) and Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen and Katz (“Wachtell”), on behalf of SoFi, held a telephone conference call to discuss certain process matters regarding the preparation of definitive transaction documents, legal due diligence, the PIPE Investment and related work streams, including the anticipated timeline discussed by the parties in connection with the execution of the LOI, which contemplated that signing and announcement of the proposed transaction would occur in the first half of January 2021.
On December 19, 2020, representatives of Skadden were provided with access to a virtual data room of SoFi and began conducting legal due diligence review of certain of the materials contained therein. Representatives of KPMG LLP (“KPMG”) and of Woodruff-Sawyer & Co. (“Woodruff”) were also engaged by SCH to perform tax and financial due diligence review, and insurance due diligence review, respectively, of SoFi and its business operations.
During the following three weeks, representatives of Skadden, KPMG and Woodruff, on behalf of SCH, and representatives of Wachtell, Goodwin and SoFi management, as applicable, on behalf of SoFi, had additional conversations and e-mail exchanges regarding follow-up questions and requests arising from matters discussed on the legal due diligence “kick-off” call, and other matters arising over the course of Skadden’s, KPMG’s and Woodruff’s respective review of SoFi’s written responses to their initial and supplemental due diligence requests and of the other due diligence materials provided in the virtual data room or via e-mail, including pursuant to conference calls held among representatives of Skadden, Goodwin, Wachtell and SoFi management, as applicable on December 28, 2020 and December 29, 2020 to discuss matters relating to regulatory and compliance considerations.
On December 19, 2020, representatives of Skadden and Connaught, on behalf of SCH, and representatives of Goodwin and members of SCH’s management team, on behalf of SoFi, held a telephone conference call to discuss matters related to the proposed transaction.
On December 19, 2020, representatives of Skadden, Connaught and KPMG, on behalf of SCH, and representatives of Goodwin, Wachtell and members of SoFi’s management team, on behalf of SoFi, held a telephone conference call to discuss matters related to SoFi’s regulatory regime and compliance program as part of Skadden’s and KPMG’s initial legal due diligence.
On December 20, 2020, representatives of Skadden, on behalf of SCH, e-mailed to representatives of Goodwin, on behalf of SoFi, an initial draft of the form of Subscription Agreement, based on the terms of the LOI, as updated by subsequent discussions, pursuant to which the PIPE Investors would agree to purchase shares of SCH ordinary shares at $10.00 per share, and each such purchase would be consummated substantially concurrently with the closing of the Merger, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein.
On December 20, 2020, representatives of Goodwin, on behalf of SoFi, e-mailed to representatives of Skadden, on behalf of SCH, an initial draft of the form of the Incentive Equity Plan to be adopted by SCH in connection with the proposed business combination, and draft forms of award agreements, the terms of which the parties continued to negotiate over the course of the following two weeks, exchanging multiple drafts prior to the execution of the Merger Agreement on January 7, 2021, to which the agreed form of the Incentive Equity Plan was attached as an exhibit. See “Incentive Equity Plan” for additional information.
On December 22, 2020, representatives of Skadden, KPMG and Connaught, on behalf of SCH, held a “kickoff” legal due diligence call with representatives of Goodwin, Wachtell and members of SoFi’s management team, on behalf of SoFi, covering Skadden’s initial legal due diligence questions and requests after an initial review of the materials provided in the data room.
On December 22, 2020, representatives of Skadden, on behalf of SCH, e-mailed to representatives of Wachtell and Goodwin, on behalf of SoFi, an initial draft of the Merger Agreement based on the terms of the LOI, as updated by subsequent discussions, which contemplated, among other things, that SCH would domesticate as a Delaware corporation in connection
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with and as of immediately prior to the consummation of the Merger. The final documentation, including with respect to transaction structure, mechanics relating to the treatment in the Merger of certain of SoFi’s outstanding securities (such as SoFi’s preferred stock, warrants, Options, Restricted Stock Units and other equity-linked securities), restrictions on the conduct of SoFi’s and SCH’s business between signing and closing, obligations of the parties with respect to delivery of required approvals and preparation and submission of required filings, certain conditions to closing and termination rights of the parties, and certain other terms and conditions, the details of which were not fully addressed in the LOI, required additional negotiation by the parties.
On December 23, 2020, following additional discussion between the parties, representatives of Wachtell, on behalf of SoFi, e-mailed to representatives of Skadden, on behalf of SCH, a revised draft of the form of Subscription Agreements, which was subsequently forwarded to representatives of Shearman & Sterling LLP (“Shearman”) who had been engaged to represent Credit Suisse in its capacity as a placement agent for the PIPE Investment.
On December 23, 2020, representatives of Skadden, on behalf of SCH, e-mailed to representatives of Wachtell and Goodwin, on behalf of SoFi, an initial draft form of the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement based on the terms of the LOI, as updated by subsequent discussions, pursuant to which, among other things, SCH would agree to register for resale, pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, certain equity securities of SoFi Technologies that are held by the parties thereto from time to time, the terms of which the parties continued to negotiate over the course of the following month, exchanging multiple drafts thereof. During this time and in connection with these negotiations, multiple drafts of the Registration Rights Agreement were exchanged prior to the execution of the Merger Agreement on January 7, 2021, to which the agreed form of Registration Rights Agreement was attached as an exhibit. See “—Related Agreements—Registration Rights Agreement” for additional information.
On December 24, 2020, representatives of Skadden, on behalf of SCH, also e-mailed to representatives of Wachtell and Goodwin, on behalf of SoFi, an initial draft of a Sponsor Support Agreement, to be entered into by SoFi, SCH, the Sponsor and each of SCH’s directors, pursuant to which, among other things, the Sponsor and the members of the SCH board of directors would agree to vote in favor of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby and waive their respective redemption rights in connection with the consummation of the proposed business combination with respect to any ordinary shares held by them. Over the course of the following two weeks, the parties continued to negotiate the terms of the Sponsor Support Agreement, exchanging multiple drafts before an agreed final version of the Sponsor Support Agreement was executed by the parties thereto on January 7, 2021. The principal terms being negotiated during such time included those related to the waiver of certain rights of the Sponsor to be set forth therein. See “—Related Agreements—Sponsor Support Agreement” for additional information.
Also on December 24, 2020, representatives of Skadden, on behalf of SCH, e-mailed to representatives of Wachtell and Goodwin, on behalf of SoFi, an initial draft of SoFi Holders Support Agreement, pursuant to which, among other things, certain large stockholders of SoFi (collectively representing a majority of the outstanding voting power of SoFi on an as converted basis) would agree to execute and deliver a written consent with respect to the outstanding shares of SoFi capital stock held by them, adopting the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein. Over the course of the following two weeks, the parties continued to negotiate the terms of the SoFi Holders Support Agreement, exchanging multiple drafts before an agreed final version of the SoFi Holders Support Agreement was executed by the parties thereto on January 7, 2021. See “—Related Agreements—SoFi Holders Support Agreement” for additional information.
On December 26, 2020, representatives of Skadden, on behalf of SCH, and representatives of Goodwin and Wachtell, on behalf of SoFi, held a telephone conference call to discuss matters related to the form of Subscription Agreement and the PIPE Investment process. The parties continued to negotiate the terms of the Subscription Agreements over the course of the following two weeks, exchanging multiple drafts thereof. The principal terms being negotiated during such time related to, among other things, (i) the aggregate amount and allocation of the PIPE Investment between and among PIPE Investors and the identities of the PIPE Investors anticipated to sign the respective Subscription Agreements, (ii) whether and on what terms SoFi would be granted any rights in respect of such Subscription Agreements, including the amendment and assignment of such Subscription Agreements before Closing, (iii) whether and under what conditions the PIPE Investors would be able to refuse to consummate the transactions consummated by the Subscription Agreement and (iv) the terms and conditions of any registration rights to be granted to the PIPE Investors pursuant to the Subscription Agreements.
On December 26, 2020, following additional discussion among the parties, representatives of Wachtell, on behalf of SoFi, e-mailed to representatives of Skadden, on behalf of SCH, a revised version of the Merger Agreement, which contemplated a revised transaction structure, whereby a newly-formed subsidiary of SCH would merge with and into SoFi, which would
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survive the Merger and continue as a wholly-owned subsidiary of SCH, rather than effecting a second-step merger with and into SCH.
This draft also (i) included certain changes limiting SoFi’s obligations with respect to the operation of its business in the ordinary course between signing and closing and other changes to the representations and warranties and to the conditions of each party’s obligations to consummate the Merger, (ii) provided that SCH would be obligated to obtain SoFi’s prior written approval before making any changes to any of the Subscription Agreements between signing and closing.
From December 26, 2020, through December 28, 2020, multiple conference calls were held among all of the members of the SCH board of directors and representatives of SCH’s advisors to discuss such advisors’ initial findings in connection with their due diligence investigation of SoFi and its business.
On December 27, 2020, representatives of Skadden, Wachtell and Goodwin, on behalf of their respective clients, held a meeting via teleconference to discuss the terms of the Merger Agreement as reflected in the most recent draft circulated by Wachtell.
Beginning on December 27, 2020, representatives of Credit Suisse, Citi and Goldman Sachs, each began contacting a limited number of potential PIPE Investors, each of whom agreed to maintain the confidentiality of the information received pursuant to customary non-disclosure agreements, to discuss SoFi, the proposed business combination and the PIPE Investment and to determine such investors’ potential interest in participating in the PIPE Investment. During the weeks of December 28, 2020, and January 4, 2021, representatives of SCH, SoFi, Credit Suisse, Goldman Sachs and Citi participated in various virtual meetings with prospective participants in the PIPE Investment.
During the weeks of December 28, 2020, and January 4, 2021, after a draft form of Subscription Agreement had been provided to the prospective non-insider PIPE Investors, the terms of the form of Subscription Agreement, were further negotiated between the representatives of Skadden, Wachtell, and Shearman, on behalf of their respective clients, and on behalf of the PIPE Investors by their respective advisors, and multiple drafts of the Subscription Agreements were exchanged prior to the execution of the agreed forms of Subscription Agreement by the parties thereto as of January 7, 2021. See “—Related Agreements—Subscription Agreement” for additional information.
On December 29, 2020, SCH held a meeting of all of the members of the SCH board of directors via teleconference (other than Mr. Palihapitiya, who was unable to attend, but was subsequently updated following the meeting). SCH management and representatives of Skadden, Connaught, and Social Capital LP were also in attendance. During the meeting, SCH management provided an update regarding the status of the potential business combination transaction involving SCH and SoFi, including with respect to the negotiation of definitive transaction agreements, SCH’s advisors’ ongoing due diligence review of the PIPE Investment process and related matters, before soliciting questions from the directors and answering questions regarding the anticipating timeline to signing and closing and related matters.
On December 30, 2020, following additional discussions among the parties, representatives of Skadden, on behalf of SCH, e-mailed to representatives of Wachtell and Goodwin, on behalf of SoFi, a revised version of the Merger Agreement, which included, among other things, (i) expanded obligations of SoFi regarding the operation of its business between signing and closing, (ii) revisions to the conditions to the obligations of each party to consummate the Merger, and (iii) an initial proposal for the scope of the lock-up to which the Sponsor and certain stockholders of the Company would be subject post-Closing, and (iii) limited exceptions to certain of SCH’s obligations to SoFi in connection with the consummation of the PIPE Investment as contemplated by the Subscription Agreements executed at signing.
On December 30, 2020, representatives of SoFi’s management team, on behalf of SoFi, and representatives of Connaught, on behalf of SCH, held a meeting via teleconference to discuss certain outstanding items in the Merger Agreement, including regarding the treatment of certain SoFi securities in the Merger.
On December 31, 2020, representatives of Skadden, Wachtell and Goodwin held a meeting via teleconference, on behalf of their respective clients, to discuss the changes reflected in the most recent draft Merger Agreement circulated by Skadden and matters relating to the revised terms of the lock-up proposed by SoFi management.
On January 1, 2021, representatives of Wachtell, on behalf of SoFi, e-mailed to representatives of Skadden, on behalf of SCH, initial drafts of the forms of certificate of incorporation and bylaws for the combined company to be adopted by SCH in connection with the consummation of the proposed business combination, the terms of which the parties continued to negotiate, exchanging multiple drafts prior to the execution of the Merger Agreement on January 7, 2021, to which the agreed forms of
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Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws were attached as exhibits. See “Organizational Documents Proposals” for additional information.
On January 1, 2021, representatives of Skadden and Connaught and members of SCH’s management team, on behalf of SCH, and representatives of Wachtell, Goodwin and members of SoFi’s management team, on behalf of SoFi, held a meeting via teleconference, on behalf of their respective clients, to further discuss the open items in the draft Merger Agreement, including matters relating to conditions to SoFi’s obligation to consummate the Merger.
From January 1, 2021 through January 7, 2021, representatives of Skadden and Wachtell, on behalf of their respective clients, continued to negotiate the terms of the Merger Agreement, including those regarding, among other things, the treatment of certain of SoFi’s outstanding securities in the Merger, and the specific mechanics by which such securities will either be canceled in exchange for the right to receive a portion of the merger consideration (or else remain outstanding), SoFi’s obligations with respect to the operation of its business between signing and closing, including its agreement to avoid taking certain corporate actions without the prior written consent of SCH, and certain additional related agreements to be entered into among the parties in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement.
On January 3, 2021, representatives of Connaught and members of SCH management, on behalf of SCH, and SoFi management, on behalf of SoFi, held a conference call to discuss SoFi’s proposal regarding the terms and allocation of the performance equity grant contemplated by the LOI, to be awarded to members of SoFi management in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, a summary of which proposal was emailed by representatives of Goodwin, on behalf of SoFi, to representatives of Skadden, on behalf of SCH on December 4, 2020. The parties discussed how the proposal differed from what was contemplated by the LOI, but ultimately aligned from each party’s perspective.
On January 4, 2021, representatives of Wachtell, on behalf of SoFi, e-mailed to representatives of Skadden, on behalf of SCH, an initial draft form of a lock-up agreement, that would be applicable to certain existing stockholders of SoFi and SCH, including certain larger SoFi stockholders and members of SoFi management, and the pre-closing holders of SCH’s class B ordinary shares. The parties continued to negotiate the terms of this agreement over the course of the following three days, exchanging multiple drafts thereof prior to the execution of the Merger Agreement on January 7, 2021, to which the agreed form of Lock-Up Agreement was attached as an exhibit. See “—Related Agreements—Lock-up Agreement” for additional information.
On January 4, 2021, representatives of Wachtell, on behalf of SoFi, e-mailed to representatives of Skadden, on behalf of SCH, an initial draft form of an amended and restated investor rights agreement. Pursuant to this agreement, SCH would agree to allow certain pre-closing investors’ rights (granted to holders of SoFi Series 1 Preferred Stock pursuant to an investor rights agreement entered into among such holders and SoFi, based on such holders’ ownership of SoFi Series 1 Preferred Stock prior to the consummation of the Merger) to continue after closing (in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of such amended and restated investor rights agreement among such holders and SCH, based on such holders’ ownership of shares of SoFi Technologies Series 1 Preferred Stock following the consummation of the Merger). The parties continued to negotiate the terms of this agreement over the course of the following day, exchanging multiple drafts thereof prior to the execution of the Amended and Restated Series 1 Investor Rights Agreement on January 7, 2021. See “—Related Agreements—Investor Rights Agreement” for additional information.
On January 5, 2021, representatives of KPMG delivered a copy of each of (i) a report summarizing the findings of KPMG’s tax due diligence review of SoFi and its business operations (e.g., reviewing SoFi’s general tax profile, select U.S. federal income, state and local and international tax matters), and (ii) a report summarizing the findings of KPMG’s financial due diligence review of SoFi and its business operations (e.g., reviewing SoFi’s regulatory and compliance framework and recent enforcement actions), in each case, to representatives of SCH management. SCH has thus far incurred $270,000 in fees for KPMG’s services. KPMG and its affiliates have engaged in, and may in the future engage in, commercial dealings in the ordinary course of business with SCH. They have received, or may in the future receive, customary fees and commissions for these transactions. On the same date, SCH management circulated copies of such reports via e-mail to all of the members of the SCH board of directors later on the same date.
On January 5, 2021, and January 6, 2021, representatives of SCH had multiple conversations with representatives of SoFi to discuss remaining open issues with respect to the terms of the forms of Incentive Equity Plan, forms of award agreements and allocation of the management grants contemplated by the LOI.
On January 6, 2021, representatives of Skadden, on behalf of SCH, and representatives of Wachtell and Goodwin, on behalf of SoFi, held a meeting via teleconference to discuss the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement and the
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Subscription Agreements, as reflected by the most recently circulated drafts thereof, and other matters relating to the PIPE Investment in general.
On January 6, 2021, representatives of Wachtell, on behalf of SoFi, e-mailed to representatives of Skadden, on behalf of SCH, an initial draft form of a registration rights agreement in respect of the holders of SoFi’s Series 1 Preferred Stock, based on the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement, the terms of which the parties continued to negotiate over the course of the following day, exchanging multiple drafts thereof prior to the execution of the Merger Agreement on January 7, 2021, to which the agreed form of the Series 1 Registration Rights Agreement was attached as an exhibit. See “—Related Agreements—Registration Rights Agreement” for additional information.
On January 6, 2021, representatives of Wachtell, on behalf of SoFi, e-mailed to representatives of Skadden, on behalf of SCH, an initial draft form amendment to the Series H warrants of SoFi, to be entered into in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, pursuant to which the holders of warrants to purchase shares of Series H Preferred Stock of SoFi as of immediately prior to the consummation of the Merger, will instead hold warrants to purchase share of SoFi Technologies common stock, as of immediately following the consummation of the Merger. The parties continued to negotiate the terms of this form of amendment over the course of the following day, exchanging multiple drafts thereof prior to the execution of the Company Holder Support Agreement on January 7, 2021, to which the agreed form of the Series H warrant amendment was attached as an exhibit. See “—Related Agreements—Company Holder Support Agreement” for additional information.
On January 6, 2021, representatives of Wachtell, on behalf of SoFi, e-mailed to representatives of Skadden, on behalf of SCH, an initial draft form shareholders agreement, to be entered into by the parties in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, pursuant to which, among other things, certain holders will be granted repurchase rights and post-closing director nomination and other governance rights in respect of the combined company following the consummation of the Merger, subject to certain ongoing ownership requirements and other limitations. The parties continued to negotiate the terms of this form of shareholders agreement over the course of the following day, exchanging multiple drafts thereof prior to the execution of the Merger Agreement on January 7, 2021, to which the agreed form of the Shareholder Agreement was attached as an exhibit. See “—Related Agreements—Shareholders’ Agreement and Share Repurchase Agreement” for additional information.
On January 6, 2021, representatives of Wachtell, on behalf of SoFi, e-mailed to representatives of Skadden, on behalf of SCH, an initial draft form of a repurchase agreement. Pursuant to which, among other things, the combined company would use a portion of the proceeds from the PIPE Investment (which by such time were already expected to exceed the aggregate amount of the PIPE Investment that had been contemplated by the LOI) in order to purchase from certain large pre-closing stockholders of SoFi, a portion of the shares of SoFi Technologies received by such stockholder as merger consideration in the proposed transaction in order to help structure SoFi’s pro forma capitalization table in a way that is more conductive to obtaining an OCC national bank charter. The parties continued to negotiate the terms of this agreement over the course of the following day, exchanging multiple drafts thereof prior to the execution of the Merger Agreement on January 7, 2021. The Share Repurchase Agreement was attached as an exhibit to the Shareholders’ Agreement, which was attached as an exhibit to the Merger Agreement. See “—Related Agreements—Shareholders’ Agreement and Share Repurchase Agreement” for additional information.
On January 6, 2021, and January 7, 2021, the parties finalized the transaction documents (or forms thereof) with respect to the proposed business combination based on the terms agreed upon by the parties and approved by their respective boards of directors, including the SoFi Holders Support Agreement, the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Subscription Agreements with each of the PIPE Investors, and the Merger Agreement and the exhibits thereto. On January 7, 2021, representatives of Skadden e-mailed to representatives of Credit Suisse, for distribution to and review by the PIPE Investors in connection with their participation in the PIPE Investment, a revised draft of the Merger Agreement, which was in substantially final form.
On the morning of January 7, 2021, SCH’s board of directors held a meeting via teleconference and representatives of Skadden and a representative of Maples joined the meeting. At the meeting, the senior management of SCH provided an overview of the proposed business combination and SoFi as the proposed business combination target (including the rationale for the combined business) and updated SCH’s board of directors regarding the final negotiations of the terms of the proposed business combination. A representative of Maples gave a presentation to the SCH board of directors on the directors’ fiduciary duties under Cayman law. SCH’s board of directors, with the assistance of Skadden, discussed and reviewed the proposed business combination, including SoFi as the proposed business combination target, the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement and the key ancillary agreements (copies of all of which were provided to all of the members of the SCH board of directors in advance of the meeting), the potential benefits of, and risks relating to the proposed business combination and the
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reasons for entering into the Merger Agreement and the proposed timeline for finalizing the definitive transaction agreements and announcing the proposed business combination. See “—SCH’s Board of Directors Reasons for the Business Combination” for additional information related to the factors considered by SCH’s board of directors in approving the Business Combination. Following additional discussion on these and related matters, SCH’s board of directors unanimously determined, among other things, that the BCA Proposal is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders and recommended that its shareholders vote “FOR” the proposal.
On January 7, 2021, SCH, SoFi, and the Merger Sub executed the Merger Agreement. Concurrent with the execution of the Merger Agreement, SCH also entered into the SoFi Holders Support Agreement, the Sponsor Support Agreement, and the Subscription Agreements, in each case, with the applicable other parties thereto. See “—Related Agreements” for additional information.
On January 7, 2021, SCH and SoFi issued a joint press release announcing the execution of the Merger Agreement, which it filed with a Current Report on Form 8-K along with two investor presentations prepared by members of SCH’s and SoFi’s management team and used in connection with meetings with existing SCH shareholders and other persons regarding SoFi and the Business Combination.
SCH Board of Directors’ Reasons for the Business Combination
On January 6, 2021, the SCH board of directors (i) approved the Merger Agreement and related transaction agreements and the transactions contemplated thereby, (ii) determined that the Business Combination is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders, and (iii) recommended that SCH’s shareholders approve and adopt the Business Combination. In evaluating the Business Combination and making these determinations and this recommendation, the SCH board of directors consulted with SCH’s senior management and considered a number of factors.
The SCH board of directors and management also considered the general criteria and guidelines that SCH believed would be important in evaluating prospective target businesses as described in the prospectus for SCH’s initial public offering. The SCH board of directors also considered that they could enter into a business combination with a target business that does not meet those criteria and guidelines. In the prospectus for its initial public offering, SCH stated that it intended to focus primarily on acquiring one or more businesses with the following criteria and guidelines in part:
(iv)are in the technology industry and can benefit from the extensive networks and insights SCH has built (SCH also expected to evaluate targets in related industries that can use technology to drive meaningful operational improvements and efficiency gains, or enhance their strategic positions by using technology solutions to differentiate offerings);
(v)are ready to operate in the scrutiny of public markets, with strong management, corporate governance and reporting policies in place;
(vi)will likely be well received by public investors and are expected to have good access to the public capital markets;
(vii)are at an inflection point, such as those requiring additional management expertise, innovation to develop new products or services, improvement of financial performance or growth through a business combination;
(viii)have significant embedded and/or underexploited expansion opportunities;
(ix)exhibit unrecognized value or other characteristics that SCH believes have been misevaluated by the market based on SCH’s company-specific analysis and due diligence review (for a potential target company, this process will include, among other things, a review and analysis of the company’s capital structure, quality of earnings, potential for operational improvements, corporate governance, customers, material contracts, and industry background and trends); and
(x)will offer attractive risk-adjusted equity returns for our shareholders. Financial returns will be evaluated based on (1) the potential for organic growth in cash flows, (2) the ability to accelerate growth, including through the opportunity for follow-on acquisitions and (3) the prospects for creating value through other value creation initiatives. Potential upside from growth in the target business’ earnings and an improved capital structure will be weighed against any identified downside risks.
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In considering the Business Combination, the SCH board of directors determined that the Business Combination was an attractive business opportunity that met the vast majority of the criteria and guidelines above, although not weighted or in any order of significance.
SCH’s board of directors considered a wide variety of factors in connection with their respective evaluations of the Business Combination. In light of the complexity of those factors, SCH’s board of directors as a whole did not consider it practicable to, nor did it attempt to, quantify or otherwise assign relative weights to the specific factors it took into account in reaching their respective decisions. Individual members of SCH’s board of directors may have given different weight to different factors. This explanation of SCH’s reasons for the board of directors’ approval of the Business Combination, and all other information presented in this section, is forward-looking in nature and, therefore, should be read in light of the factors discussed under the section entitled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.
SoFi and the Business Combination.   The SCH board of directors considered the following factors related to SoFi and the Business Combination:
a.SoFi’s Large Addressable Market.   The SCH board of directors believes that the financial services industry is ripe for disruption due to a number of factors. The combined market capitalization of the leading incumbents in the financial services sector is over $2 trillion, and the top 10 legacy banks hold approximately 50% of consumers’ over 500 million bank accounts (with the rest distributed across 4,700 FDIC incumbent banks). Technology disruptors continue to capture value from legacy incumbents in other industries, and the SCH board of directors believes that now is SoFi’s time in financial services as the only one-stop shop digital disruptor across financial services. With its holistic consumer finance offering, siloed structure built top down and first-generation payments technology, SoFi is uniquely positioned at the epicenter of digital revolution in financial services. Today, 50% of Americans use more than one bank for financial services, with approximately 80% of consumers polled citing a lack of integrated “one-stop shops” as the reason for having more than one bank account, and the SCH board of directors believes that SoFi is currently the only company providing this solution today in a single integrated digital platform.
b.SoFi’s Superior Consumer Experience and Growing Membership.   SoFi’s member-centric approach — and the convenient digital experience created by the full suite of financial products all in one app — powers an entire financial relationship with consumers, and the SCH board of directors believes that SoFi provides an efficient alternative to using multiple banks for different services. Adding to the consumer experience are SoFi’s other key points of differentiation. SoFi’s platform offers consumers a faster way to apply for and borrow money, open an account, buy or sell stock, deposit checks and access cash and pay friends and bills. SoFi has a broad array of products across member lifecycles and unique content to help its members “get your money right” via SoFi brands and partnerships with non-SoFi brands. The integrated digital experience created by SoFi’s “one-stop shop” platform has led to accelerating growth in unique members year over year, and the SCH board of directors believes that SoFi is on track to exceed 3 million members in 2021, up 75% after six consecutive quarters of accelerating year over year growth.
c.SoFi’s Highly Attractive Business Model.   SoFi’s member experience and full suite of products leverages the “financial services productivity loop” strategy, building relationships with consumers in the first product to drive success in the next. The SCH board of directors believes that if SoFi achieves a higher loan-to-value ratio and a lower customer acquisition cost, it would give SoFi a competitive advantage. The resulting extra profit can be invested in better prices (or rates, as applicable), and SoFi's differentiating factors of speed, selection, content and convenience. The SCH board of directors believes that any extra profits may also be channeled towards developing new products, which are built to be better when used with existing products, and further investing in customer acquisition to increase the number of customers, in both cases, further compounding SoFi’s competitive advantage. SoFi has recorded a net loss in the last three fiscal years of $(252.4) million, $(239.7) million and $(224.1) million in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
d.SoFi’s Rapid Growth and Expansive Future Opportunities.   The SCH board of directors believes that SoFi’s member-centric approach powers an entire financial relationship resulting in more products per member and SoFi’s technology and operations create advantages in the form of faster innovation, lower costs, more data and iterative testing, enabling a rapid and successful rollout of additional products. Since January 2019, SoFi has launched its Money, Relay, Invest, Home Loans, In-School Loans, and Credit Card products, with more to come. In addition to accelerating growth in unique members, the SCH board of directors believes that SoFi’s
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multi-product membership is on track to nearly double year over year. The SCH board of directors acknowledge that the foregoing should be weighed against SoFi’s historical financial performance, as noted above.
e.Experienced and Proven Management Team.   SoFi’s management team combines expertise in technology and financial services. SoFi’s management team is led by its Chief Executive Officer, Anthony Noto, former Chief Financial Officer, then Chief Operating Officer, of Twitter, and earlier a co-head of global TMT investment banking at Goldman Sachs. SoFi’s management team also includes former officers and managers of Amazon, Microsoft, Uber, Tesla, Zynga, Goldman Sachs, TPG Capital, JP Morgan, GSV Capital, Citibank, and Sallie Mae. Under their leadership, SoFi has transformed how people borrow, save, spend, invest, and protect their money to achieve financial independence and realize their financial ambitions. The SCH board of directors expects SoFi’s executives will continue with SoFi Technologies following the Business Combination. For additional information regarding SoFi Technologies’ executive officers, see the section entitled “Management of SoFi Technologies Following the Business Combination — Executive Officers.”
f.Attractive Entry Valuation.   SoFi Technologies will have an anticipated initial pre-transaction enterprise value of $6.57 billion.
Best Available Opportunity.   The SCH board of directors determined, after a thorough review of other business combination opportunities reasonably available to SCH, that the proposed Business Combination represents the best potential business combination for SCH based upon the process utilized to evaluate and assess other potential acquisition targets, and the SCH board of directors’ belief that such processes had not presented a better alternative.
Continued Ownership by Sellers.   The SCH board of directors considered that SoFi’s existing equityholders would be receiving a significant amount of SoFi Technologies common stock as its consideration and that a substantial majority of the existing equityholders of SoFi are “rolling over” their existing equity interests into equity interests in SoFi Technologies which would represent approximately 74.7% of the ownership of the combined company after Closing, assuming that no public shareholders exercise their redemption rights in connection with the Business Combination and excluding the impact of 28.1 million public and private placement warrants struck at $11.50.
Further, most of the proceeds to be delivered to the combined company in connection with the Business Combination (including from SCH’s trust account and from the PIPE Investment), are expected to remain on the balance sheet of the combined company after Closing in order to fund SoFi’s existing operations and support new and existing growth initiatives. The SCH board of directors considered this as a strong sign of confidence in SoFi Technologies following the Business Combination and the benefits to be realized as a result of the Business Combination.
Investment by Third-Parties.   The SCH board of directors considered and that certain third parties, including top-tier institutional investors, are also investing an additional $950 million in the combined company pursuant to their participation in the PIPE Investment. The SCH board of directors considered this a strong sign of confidence in SoFi Technologies following the Business Combination and the benefits to be realized as a result of the Business Combination.
Results of Due Diligence.   The SCH board of directors considered the scope of the due diligence investigation conducted by SCH’s senior management and outside advisors and evaluated the results thereof and information available to it related to SoFi, including:
a.extensive virtual meetings and calls with SoFi’s management team regarding its operations and projections and the proposed transaction; and
b.review of materials related to SoFi and its business, made available by SoFi, including financial statements, material contracts, key metrics and performance indicators, benefit plans, employee compensation and labor matters, intellectual property matters, financial services matters, information technology, privacy and personal data, litigation information, and other regulatory and compliance matters and other legal and business diligence.
Terms of the Merger Agreement.   The SCH board of directors reviewed and considered the terms of the Merger Agreement and the related agreements including the parties’ conditions to their respective obligations to complete the transactions contemplated therein and their ability to terminate such agreements under the circumstances described therein. See “BCA Proposal — Related Agreements” for detailed discussions of the terms and conditions of these agreements.
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The Role of the Independent Directors.   In connection with the Business Combination, SCH’s independent directors, Ms. Jennifer Dulski and Mr. Jay Parikh, evaluated the proposed terms of the Business Combination, including the Merger Agreement and the related agreements, and unanimously approved, as members of the SCH board of directors, the Merger Agreement and the related agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Business Combination.
The SCH board of directors also identified and considered the following factors and risks weighing negatively against pursuing the Business Combination, although not weighted or in any order of significance:
Potential Inability to Complete the Merger.   The SCH board of directors considered the possibility that the Business Combination may not be completed and the potential adverse consequences to SCH if the Business Combination is not completed, in particular the expenditure of time and resources in pursuit of the Business Combination and the loss of the opportunity to participate in the transaction. They considered the uncertainty related to the Closing, including due to closing conditions primarily outside of the control of the parties to the transaction (such as the need for shareholder approval, antitrust and other applicable regulatory approvals). The Merger Agreement and the Sponsor Support Agreement each also include exclusivity provisions that prohibit SCH, the Sponsor and certain of their respective affiliates from soliciting other business combination proposals on behalf of SCH, which restricts SCH’s ability to consider other potential business combinations until the earlier of the termination of the Merger Agreement or the consummation of the Business Combination.
In addition, the SCH board of directors considered the risk that the current public shareholders of SCH would redeem their public shares for cash in connection with consummation of the Business Combination, thereby reducing the amount of cash available to SoFi Technologies following the consummation of the Business Combination and potentially requiring SoFi to waive certain conditions under the Merger Agreement in order for the Business Combination to be consummated. The consummation of the Merger is conditioned upon satisfaction of the Minimum Cash Condition, which is for the sole benefit of SoFi. As of December 31, 2020, without giving effect to any future redemptions that may occur, the trust account had approximately $805 million in cash, invested in U.S. government securities. Further, the SCH board of directors considered the risk that current public shareholders would exercise their redemption rights is mitigated because SoFi will be acquired at an attractive aggregate purchase price.
SoFi’s Business Risks.   The SCH board of directors considered that SCH shareholders would be subject to the execution risks associated with SoFi Technologies if they retained their public shares following the Closing, which were different from the risks related to holding public shares of SCH prior to the Closing. In this regard, the SCH board of directors considered that there were risks associated with successful implementation of SoFi Technologies’ long-term business plan and strategy and SoFi Technologies realizing the anticipated benefits of the Business Combination on the timeline expected or at all, including due to factors outside of the parties’ control such as new regulatory requirements or changes to existing regulatory requirements in the financial services industry, and the potential negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related macroeconomic uncertainty. The SCH board of directors considered that the failure of any of these activities to be completed successfully may decrease the actual benefits of the Business Combination and that SCH shareholders may not fully realize these benefits to the extent that they expected to retain the public shares following the completion of the Business Combination. For additional description of these risks, please see the section entitled “Risk Factors.”
Post-Business Combination Corporate Governance.   The SCH board of directors considered the corporate governance provisions of the Merger Agreement and the Proposed Organizational Documents and the effect of those provisions on the governance of the Company following the Closing. In particular, they considered that the parties have entered into an agreement in respect of the composition of the board of directors of SoFi Technologies after the Closing, pursuant to the Shareholders’ Agreement. See “— Related Agreements” for detailed discussions of the terms and conditions of the Shareholders’ Agreement.
Given that the existing equityholders of SoFi will collectively control shares representing a majority of SoFi Technologies’ total outstanding shares of common stock upon completion of the Business Combination, the existing equityholders of SoFi may be able to elect future directors and make other decisions (including approving certain transactions involving SoFi Technologies and other corporate actions) without the consent or approval of any of SCH’s current shareholders, directors or management team. See “Organizational Documents Proposals” for detailed discussions of the terms and conditions of the Proposed Organizational Documents.
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Limitations of Review.   The SCH board of directors considered that they were not obtaining an opinion from any independent investment banking or accounting firm that the price SCH is paying to acquire the SoFi is fair to SCH or its shareholders from a financial point of view. In addition, the SCH senior management and SCH’s outside counsel reviewed only certain materials in connection with their due diligence review of SoFi. Accordingly, the SCH board of directors considered that SCH may not have properly valued such business.
No Survival of Remedies for Breach of Representations, Warranties or Covenants of SoFi.   The SCH board of directors considered that the terms of the Merger Agreement provide that SCH will not have any surviving remedies against SoFi or its equityholders after the Closing to recover for losses as a result of any inaccuracies or breaches of the SoFi representations, warranties or covenants set forth in the Merger Agreement. As a result, SCH shareholders could be adversely affected by, among other things, a decrease in the financial performance or worsening of financial condition of SoFi prior to the Closing, whether determined before or after the Closing, without any ability to reduce the number of shares to be issued in the Business Combination or recover for the amount of any damages. The SCH board of directors determined that this structure was appropriate and customary in light of the fact that several similar transactions include similar terms and the current equityholders of SoFi will be, collectively, the majority equityholders in SoFi Technologies.
Litigation.   The SCH board of directors considered the possibility of litigation challenging the Business Combination or that an adverse judgment granting permanent injunctive relief could enjoin consummation of the Business Combination.
Fees and Expenses.   The SCH board of directors considered the fees and expenses associated with completing the Business Combination.
Diversion of Management.   The SCH board of directors considered the potential for diversion of management and employee attention during the period prior to the completion of the Business Combination, and the potential negative effects on SoFi’s business.
In addition to considering the factors described above, the SCH board of directors also considered that:
Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers.   SCH’s directors and executive officers may have interests in the Business Combination as individuals that are in addition to, and may be different from, the interests of SCH’s shareholders, as described in the section entitled “BCA Proposal — Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination.” However, SCH’s board of directors concluded that the potentially disparate interests would be mitigated because (i) these interests were disclosed in the prospectus for SCH’s initial public offering and are included in this proxy statement/prospectus, (ii) most of these disparate interests would exist with respect to a business combination by SCH with any other target business or businesses, and (iii) a significant portion of the consideration to SCH’s directors and executive officers was structured to be realized based on the future performance of SoFi Technologies’ common stock. In addition, SCH’s independent directors reviewed and considered these interests during their evaluation of the Business Combination and in unanimously approving, as members of the SCH board of directors, the Merger Agreement and the related agreements and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Business Combination.
Based on its review of the forgoing considerations, the SCH board of directors concluded that the potentially negative factors associated with the Business Combination were outweighed by the potential benefits that it expects SCH shareholders will receive as a result of the Business Combination. The SCH board of directors realized that there can be no assurance about future results, including results considered or expected as disclosed in the foregoing reasons.
The preceding discussion of the information and factors considered by the SCH board of directors is not intended to be exhaustive but includes the material factors considered by the SCH board of directors. In view of the complexity and wide variety of factors considered by the SCH board of directors in connection with its evaluation of the Business Combination, the SCH board of directors did not consider it practical to, nor did it attempt to, quantify, rank or otherwise assign relative weights to the different factors that it considered in reaching its decision. In addition, in considering the factors described above, individual members of the SCH board of directors may have given different weight to different factors. The SCH board of directors considered this information as a whole and overall considered the information and factors to be favorable to, and in support of, its determinations and recommendations.
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This explanation of the SCH board of directors’ reasons for its approval of the Business Combination, and all other information presented in this section, is forward-looking in nature and, therefore, should be read in light of the factors discussed under the section entitled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
Projected Financial Information
SoFi previously provided SCH with its internally prepared forecasts for the full year 2020 and each of the years in the following five-year period ending December 31, 2025. Forecasts for each of the years in the five-year period ending December 31, 2025 are presented in the table below. SoFi does not as a matter of course make public projections as to future sales, earnings, or other results. However, the management of SoFi has prepared the prospective financial information set forth below to present the key elements of the forecasts provided to SCH. The accompanying prospective financial information was not prepared with a view toward public disclosure or with a view toward complying with the guidelines established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants with respect to prospective financial information, but, in the view of SoFi’s management, was prepared on a reasonable basis, reflects the best currently available estimates and judgments, and presents, to the best of management’s knowledge and belief, the expected course of action and the expected future financial performance of SoFi. However, this information is not fact and should not be relied upon as being necessarily indicative of future results, and readers of this proxy statement/prospectus are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the prospective financial information.
Neither SoFi’s independent auditors, nor any other independent accountants, have compiled, examined, or performed any procedures with respect to the prospective financial information contained herein, nor have they expressed any opinion or any other form of assurance on such information or its achievability, and assume no responsibility for, and disclaim any association with, the prospective financial information.
The inclusion of financial projections in this proxy statement/prospectus should not be regarded as an indication that SCH, our board of directors, or their respective affiliates, advisors or other representatives considered, or now considers, such financial projections necessarily to be predictive of actual future results or to support or fail to support your decision whether to vote for or against the Business Combination. The financial projections are not fact and should not be relied upon as being necessarily indicative of future results, and readers of this proxy statement/prospectus, including investors or holders, are cautioned not to place undue reliance on this information. You are cautioned not to rely on the projections in making a decision regarding the transaction, as the projections may be materially different than actual results. We will not refer back to the financial projections in our future periodic reports filed under the Exchange Act.
The financial projections reflect numerous estimates and assumptions with respect to general business, economic, regulatory, market and financial conditions and other future events, as well as matters specific to SoFi’s business, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond SoFi’s and SCH’s control. The financial projections are forward-looking statements that are inherently subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond SoFi’s control. The various risks and uncertainties include those set forth in the “Risk Factors”, “SoFi’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” sections of this proxy statement/prospectus. As a result, there can be no assurance that the projected results will be realized or that actual results will not be significantly higher or lower than projected. Since the financial projections cover multiple years, such information by its nature becomes less reliable with each successive year. These financial projections are subjective in many respects and thus are susceptible to multiple interpretations and periodic revisions based on actual experience and business developments.
Furthermore, the financial projections do not take into account any circumstances or events occurring after the date they were prepared. Nonetheless, a summary of the financial projections is provided in this proxy statement/prospectus because they were made available to SCH and our Board of Directors in connection with their review of the proposed transaction.
EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE FEDERAL SECURITIES LAWS, BY INCLUDING IN THIS PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS A SUMMARY OF THE FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS FOR SOFI, SCH UNDERTAKES NO OBLIGATIONS AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY RESPONSIBILITY TO UPDATE OR REVISE, OR PUBLICLY DISCLOSE ANY UPDATE OR REVISION TO, THESE FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS TO REFLECT CIRCUMSTANCES OR EVENTS, INCLUDING UNANTICIPATED EVENTS, THAT MAY HAVE OCCURRED OR THAT MAY OCCUR AFTER THE PREPARATION OF THESE FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS, EVEN IN THE EVENT THAT ANY OR ALL OF THE ASSUMPTIONS UNDERLYING THE FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS ARE SHOWN TO BE IN ERROR OR CHANGE.
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The key elements of the projections provided by management of SoFi to SCH are summarized in the table below:
($ in millions)
2021E2022E2023E2024E2025E
Adjusted net revenue(1)
$980 $1,500 $2,106 $2,808 $3,669 
Contribution profit(2)
266 459 752 1,085 1,512 
Adjusted EBITDA(3)
27 254 484 788 1,177 
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(1)Adjusted net revenue is a non-GAAP measure. Adjusted net revenue is defined as total net revenue, adjusted to exclude the fair value changes in servicing rights and residual interests classified as debt due to valuation inputs and assumptions changes, which relate only to our Lending segment. For a historical reconciliation of adjusted net revenue to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, total net revenue, see the section entitled “SoFi’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Non-GAAP Financial Measures”.
(2)The measure of contribution profit is the primary measure of segment profit and loss reviewed by SoFi in accordance with ASC 280 and is, therefore, only measured and presented herein for total reportable segments. SoFi does not evaluate contribution profit at the consolidated level. Contribution profit is defined as total net revenue for each reportable segment less fair value changes in servicing rights and residual interests classified as debt that are attributable to assumption changes, which impact the contribution profit within the Lending segment, and expenses directly attributable to the corresponding reportable segment.
(3)Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss), adjusted to exclude: (i) corporate borrowing-based interest expense (our Adjusted EBITDA measure is not adjusted for warehouse or securitization-based interest expense, nor deposit interest expense), (ii)income taxes, (iii) depreciation and amortization, (iv) stock-based expense (inclusive of equity-based payments to non-employees), (v) impairment expense (inclusive of asset impairments and abandonments), (vi) transaction-related expenses, (vii) warrant fair value adjustments, and (viii) fair value changes in servicing rights and residual interests classified as debt due to valuation assumptions. For a historical reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, net income (loss), see the section entitled “SoFi’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Non-GAAP Financial Measures”.
Projected adjusted net revenue is based on a variety of operational assumptions depending on the segment. For SoFi’s Lending segment, key assumptions include number of loan originations, average loan size, execution, and net interest margin. For SoFi’s Technology Platform segment, key assumptions include number of accounts on platform, transactions per account and revenue per transaction. For SoFi’s Financial Services segment, key assumptions include number of products, assets per member, return on assets, interchange, net interest margin, enterprise leads and revenue per lead.
Projected contribution profit for total reportable segments is based on adjusted net revenue, variable sales and marketing expenses per new member joining the platform, variable operations expenses per member on the platform, fixed direct technology and product development expenses, fixed direct general and administrative expenses, fixed direct operations expenses and allocated facilities expenses. Fixed direct expenses are primarily driven by projected headcount and changes in expenses related to tools and outside services.
Projected adjusted EBITDA is based on contribution for total reportable segments, corporate revenue and corporate expenses related to headcount across all functions, tools and subscriptions and brand marketing.
EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE FEDERAL SECURITIES LAWS, BY INCLUDING IN THIS PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS A SUMMARY OF THE FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS FOR SOFI, SCH UNDERTAKES NO OBLIGATIONS AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY RESPONSIBILITY TO UPDATE OR REVISE, OR PUBLICLY DISCLOSE ANY UPDATE OR REVISION TO, THESE FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS TO REFLECT CIRCUMSTANCES OR EVENTS, INCLUDING UNANTICIPATED EVENTS, THAT MAY HAVE OCCURRED OR THAT MAY OCCUR AFTER THE PREPARATION OF THESE FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS, EVEN IN THE EVENT THAT ANY OR ALL OF THE ASSUMPTIONS UNDERLYING THE FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS ARE SHOWN TO BE IN ERROR OR CHANGE.
Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination
When you consider the recommendation of SCH’s board of directors in favor of approval of the BCA Proposal, you should keep in mind that the Sponsor and SCH’s directors and executive officers have interests in such proposal that are different from, or in addition to, those of SCH shareholders and warrant holders generally. These interests include, among other things, the interests listed below:
Prior to SCH’s initial public offering, the Sponsor purchased 2,875,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares for an aggregate purchase price of $25,000, or approximately $0.01 per share. In September 2020, SCH effected a share capitalization resulting in the Sponsor holding an aggregate of 18,687,500 SCH Class B ordinary shares. Subsequent to the share capitalization, in September 2020, the Sponsor transferred 100,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares to Jay Parikh (an independent director of SCH and with the Sponsor, “SCH’s initial shareholders”). In October 2020, SCH effected a
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share capitalization resulting in SCH’s initial shareholders holding an aggregate of 20,125,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares, resulting in an effective purchase price per SCH Class B ordinary share of approximately $0.001. If SCH does not consummate a business combination by October 14, 2022 (or if such date is extended at a duly called extraordinary general meeting, such later date), it would cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, redeeming all of the outstanding public shares for cash and, subject to the approval of its remaining shareholders and its board of directors, dissolving and liquidating, subject in each case to its obligations under the Cayman Islands Companies Act to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. In such event, the 20,125,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares collectively owned by SCH’s initial shareholders would be worthless because following the redemption of the public shares, SCH would likely have few, if any, net assets and because the Sponsor and SCH’s directors and officers have agreed to waive their respective rights to liquidating distributions from the trust account in respect of any SCH Class A ordinary shares and SCH Class B ordinary shares held by it or them, as applicable, if SCH fails to complete a business combination within the required period. Additionally, in such event, the 8,000,000 private placement warrants purchased by the Sponsor simultaneously with the consummation of SCH’s initial public offering for an aggregate purchase price of $16 million, will also expire worthless. Certain of SCH’s directors and executive officers, including Chamath Palihapitiya and Ian Osborne, also have an economic interest in such private placement warrants and in the 20,025,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares owned by the Sponsor. The 20,025,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock into which the 20,125,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares collectively held by the Sponsor and Mr. Parikh, will automatically convert in connection with the Merger (including after giving effect to the Domestication), if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have had an aggregate market value of $308.2 million based upon the closing price of $15.39 per public share on the NYSE on April 19, 2021, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/ prospectus. However, given that such shares of SoFi Technologies common stock will be subject to certain restrictions, including those described above, SCH believes such shares have less value. The 8,000,000 SoFi Technologies warrants into which the 8,000,000 private placement warrants held by the Sponsor will automatically convert in connection with the Merger (including after giving effect to the Domestication), if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have had an aggregate market value of $31.9 million based upon the closing price of $3.99 per public warrant on the NYSE on April 19, 2021, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus.
The Sponsor (including its representatives and affiliates) and SCH’s directors and officers, are, or may in the future become, affiliated with entities that are engaged in a similar business to SCH. For example, Mr. Palihapitiya and Mr. Osborne, each of whom serves as an officer and director of SCH and may be considered an affiliate of the Sponsor, have also recently incorporated Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. IV (“IPOD”) and Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. VI (“IPOF”), all of which are blank check companies incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted companies for the purpose of effecting their respective initial business combinations. Mr. Palihapitiya is the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors of IPOD and IPOF, Mr. Osborne is the President and a director of IPOD and IPOF, and each of our other officers is also an officer of IPOD and IPOF and owe fiduciary duties under Cayman Islands Companies Act to IPOD and IPOF. The Sponsor and SCH’s directors and officers are not prohibited from sponsoring, or otherwise becoming involved with, any other blank check companies prior to SCH completing its initial business combination. Moreover, certain of SCH’s directors and officers have time and attention requirements for investment funds of which affiliates of the Sponsor are the investment managers. SCH’s directors and officers also may become aware of business opportunities which may be appropriate for presentation to SCH, and the other entities to which they owe certain fiduciary or contractual duties, including IPOD and IPOF. Accordingly, they may have had conflicts of interest in determining to which entity a particular business opportunity should be presented. These conflicts may not be resolved in SCH’s favor and such potential business opportunities may be presented to other entities prior to their presentation to SCH, subject to applicable fiduciary duties under Cayman Islands Companies Act. SCH’s Cayman Constitutional Documents provide that SCH renounces its interest in any corporate opportunity offered to any director or officer of SCH unless such opportunity is expressly offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of SCH and it is an opportunity that SCH is able to complete on a reasonable basis.
SoFi (including its subsidiaries) may in the future serve as an underwriter for entities that are engaged in a similar business to SCH, including blank check companies sponsored by the Sponsor or affiliated with SCH’s directors and officers. SoFi would be paid customary fees and commissions.
SCH’s existing directors and officers will be eligible for continued indemnification and continued coverage under SCH’s directors’ and officers’ liability insurance after the Merger and pursuant to the Merger Agreement.
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The Sponsor Related PIPE Investors have subscribed for $275,000,000 of the PIPE Investment, for which they will receive up to 27,500,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock. The 27,500,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock which the Sponsor Related PIPE Investors have subscribed for in the PIPE Investment, if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have had an aggregate market value of $423.2 million based upon the closing price of $15.39 per public share on the NYSE on April 19, 2021, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. See “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions — SCH — Subscription Agreements”.
In the event that SCH fails to consummate a business combination within the prescribed time frame (pursuant to the Cayman Constitutional Documents), or upon the exercise of a redemption right in connection with the Business Combination, SCH will be required to provide for payment of claims of creditors that were not waived that may be brought against SCH within the ten years following such redemption. In order to protect the amounts held in SCH’s trust account, the Sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to SCH if and to the extent any claims by a third party (other than SCH’s independent auditors) for services rendered or products sold to SCH, or a prospective target business with which SCH has discussed entering into a transaction agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the trust account to below (i) $10.00 per public share or (ii) such lesser amount per public share held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account, due to reductions in value of the trust assets, in each case, net of the amount of interest which may be withdrawn to pay taxes, except as to any claims by a third party who executed a waiver of any and all rights to seek access to the trust account and except as to any claims under the indemnity of the underwriters of SCH’s initial public offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
In connection with SCH’s initial public offering, the underwriters of SCH’s initial public offering agreed to reimburse SCH for financial advisory services payable to Connaught (UK) Limited (“Connaught”) for amounts equal to (1) 10% of the non-deferred underwriting commission payable to the underwriter, of which $1,400,000 was paid to Connaught upon the closing of SCH’s initial public offering, and (2) 20% of the deferred underwriting commission payable to the underwriter, of which $5,635,000 will be paid to Connaught upon the closing of SCH’s initial business combination. Connaught is an affiliate of SCH, the Sponsor, Mr. Osborne and Mr. Williams.
SCH’s officers and directors, and their affiliates are entitled to reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses incurred by them in connection with certain activities on SCH’s behalf, such as identifying and investigating possible business targets and business combinations. However, if SCH fails to consummate a business combination by October 14, 2022, they will not have any claim against the trust account for reimbursement. SCH’s officers and directors, and their affiliates, expect to incur (or guaranty) approximately $11 million of transaction expenses (excluding the deferred underwriting commissions being held in the trust account). Accordingly, SCH may not be able to reimburse these expenses if the Business Combination or another business combination, is not completed by such date.
Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, the Sponsor and the Sponsor Related PIPE Investors will have customary registration rights, including demand and piggy-back rights, subject to cooperation and cut-back provisions with respect to the shares of SoFi Technologies common stock and warrants held by such parties following the consummation of the Business Combination.
On November 13, 2020, SCH entered into a director restricted stock unit award agreement (the “Director RSU Award”), with Ms. Dulski, providing for the grant of 100,000 restricted stock units to Ms. Dulski, which grant is contingent on both the consummation of an initial business combination with SCH and a shareholder approved equity plan. The Director RSU Award will vest at the Closing but will not settle into shares of SoFi Technologies common stock until a date, selected by SoFi Technologies, that occurs between January 1 and December 31 of the year following the Closing. The 100,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock underlying the Director RSU, if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have had an aggregate market value of $1.5 million based upon the closing price of $15.39 per public share on the NYSE on April 19, 2021, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus.
The Sponsor has agreed to vote in favor of the Business Combination, regardless of how our public shareholders vote. Unlike some other blank check companies in which the initial shareholders agree to vote their shares in accordance with the majority of the votes cast by the public shareholders in connection with an initial business combination, the Sponsor and all of SCH’s directors have agreed to, among other things, vote in favor of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, in each case, subject to the terms and conditions contemplated by the Sponsor Support Agreement. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor (including SCH’s independent directors) owns 20.0% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares of SCH.
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At any time at or prior to the Business Combination, subject to applicable securities laws (including with respect to material nonpublic information), the Sponsor, the existing stockholders of SoFi or our or their respective directors, officers, advisors or respective affiliates may (i) purchase public shares from institutional and other investors who vote, or indicate an intention to vote, against any of the Condition Precedent Proposals, or elect to redeem, or indicate an intention to redeem, public shares, (ii) execute agreements to purchase such shares from such investors in the future, or (ii) enter into transactions with such investors and others to provide them with incentives to acquire public shares, vote their public shares in favor of the Condition Precedent Proposals or not redeem their public shares. Such a purchase may include a contractual acknowledgement that such shareholder, although still the record holder of SCH’s shares, is no longer the beneficial owner thereof and therefore agrees not to exercise its redemption rights. In the event that the Sponsor, the existing stockholders of SoFi or our or their respective directors, officers, advisors, or respective affiliates purchase shares in privately negotiated transactions from public shareholders who have already elected to exercise their redemption rights, such selling shareholders would be required to revoke their prior elections to redeem their shares. The purpose of such share purchases and other transactions would be to (x) increase the likelihood of approving the Condition Precedent Proposals and (y) limit the number of public shares electing to redeem, including to satisfy any redemption threshold.
Entering into any such arrangements may have a depressive effect on our common stock (e.g., by giving an investor or holder the ability to effectively purchase shares at a price lower than market, such investor or holder may therefore become more likely to sell the shares he or she owns, either at or prior to the Business Combination). If such transactions are effected, the consequence could be to cause the Business Combination to be consummated in circumstances where such consummation could not otherwise occur. Purchases of shares by the persons described above would allow them to exert more influence over the approval of the proposals to be presented at the extraordinary general meeting and would likely increase the chances that such proposals would be approved. SCH will file or submit a Current Report on Form 8-K to disclose any material arrangements entered into or significant purchases made by any of the aforementioned persons that would affect the vote on the proposals to be put to the extraordinary general meeting or the redemption threshold. Any such report will include descriptions of any arrangements entered into or significant purchases by any of the aforementioned persons.
The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of SCH’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders and what he, she or they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that shareholders vote for the proposals. In addition, SCH’s officers have interests in the Business Combination that may conflict with your interests as a shareholder.
Expected Accounting Treatment of the Business Combination
The Business Combination will be accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with GAAP. Under this method of accounting, SCH will be treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, the Business Combination will be treated as the equivalent of SoFi issuing stock for the net assets of SCH, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of SCH will be stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Operations prior to the Business Combination will be those of SoFi. SoFi has been determined to be the accounting acquirer based on evaluation of the following facts and circumstances under both the no and maximum redemption scenarios:
SoFi Stockholders will have the largest voting interest in the post-combination company;
The board of directors of the post-combination company will have members, and SoFi will have the ability to nominate the majority of the members of the board of directors;
SoFi management will hold executive management roles (including Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, among others) for the post-combination company and be responsible for the day-to-day operations;
The post-combination company will assume a SoFi branded name: SoFi Technologies, Inc.; and
The intended strategy of the post-combination entity will continue SoFi’s current strategy of being a digital financial services platform designed to serve the evolving needs of our members through a dynamic suite of lending and financial services solutions, as well as to operate as a platform-as-a-service for financial and non-financial institutions through Galileo.
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Accounting Treatment of Merger Transaction Costs
We considered the business combination guidance at ASC 805-10-25-23. The economic essence of this transaction was the legal acquisition of a private operating company by a public company with limited operations. We considered this business combination to be an in-substance capital transaction. Such a transaction is a reverse recapitalization, equivalent to the issuance of stock by the private company for the net monetary assets of the shell corporation accompanied by recapitalization. As such, we recorded costs directly attributable to the business combination merger, exclusive of certain accounting costs, against additional paid-in capital, rather than to expense as outlined in ASC 805-10-25-23.
Regulatory Matters
Under the HSR Act and the rules that have been promulgated thereunder by the FTC, certain transactions may not be consummated unless information has been furnished to the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice (“Antitrust Division”) and the FTC and certain waiting period requirements have been satisfied. The Business Combination is subject to these requirements and may not be completed until the expiration of a 30-day waiting period following the two filings of the required Notification and Report Forms with the Antitrust Division and the FTC or until early termination is granted. On January 22, 2021, SCH and SoFi filed the required forms under the HSR Act with respect to the Business Combination with the Antitrust Division and the FTC and requested early termination.
At any time before or after consummation of the Business Combination, notwithstanding termination of the respective waiting periods under the HSR Act, the Department of Justice or the FTC, or any state or foreign governmental authority could take such action under applicable antitrust laws as such authority deems necessary or desirable in the public interest, including seeking to enjoin the consummation of the Business Combination, conditionally approving the Business Combination upon divestiture of assets, subjecting the completion of the Business Combination to regulatory conditions or seeking other remedies. Private parties may also seek to take legal action under the antitrust laws under certain circumstances. SCH cannot assure you that the Antitrust Division, the FTC, any state attorney general or any other government authority will not attempt to challenge the Business Combination on antitrust grounds, and, if such a challenge is made, SCH cannot assure you as to its result.
Neither SCH nor SoFi is aware of any material regulatory approvals or actions required by regulatory authorities for completion of the Business Combination other than the expiration or early termination of the waiting period under the HSR Act and the FINRA Approval. It is presently contemplated that if any such additional regulatory approvals or actions is required, such approvals or actions will be sought. There can be no assurance, however, that any approvals or actions, including any such additional approvals or actions, will be obtained.
Vote Required for Approval
The approval of the BCA Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, will not count as votes cast at the extraordinary general meeting.
The BCA Proposal is conditioned on the approval of each of the Condition Precedent Proposals. Therefore, if each of the Condition Precedent Approvals is not approved, the BCA Proposal will have no effect, even if approved by holders of ordinary shares.
Resolution
The full text of the resolution to be passed is as follows:
RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, that the Company’s entry into the Merger Agreement, dated as of January 7, 2021 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among SCH, Plutus Merger Sub Inc. (“Merger Sub”), a Delaware corporation and subsidiary of SCH, and Social Finance, Inc. (“SoFi”), a Delaware corporation, a copy of which is attached to the proxy statement/prospectus as Annex A, pursuant to which, among other things, following the Domestication of SCH to Delaware as described below, the merger of Merger Sub with and into SoFi (the “Merger”), with SoFi surviving the Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of SoFi Technologies, in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Merger Agreement, be approved, ratified and confirmed in all respects”.
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Recommendation of SCH’s Board of Directors
THE SCH BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT THE SCH SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE BCA PROPOSAL.
The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of SCH’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders and what he, she or they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that shareholders vote for the proposals. In addition, SCH’s officers have interests in the Business Combination that may conflict with your interests as a shareholder. See the section entitled “— Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination” for a further discussion of these considerations.
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DOMESTICATION PROPOSAL
Overview
As discussed in this proxy statement/prospectus, if the BCA Proposal is approved, then SCH is asking its shareholders to approve the Domestication Proposal. Under the Merger Agreement, the approval of the Domestication Proposal is also a condition to the consummation of the Merger. If, however, the Domestication Proposal is approved, but the BCA Proposal is not approved, then neither the Domestication nor the Merger will be consummated.
As a condition to Closing the Merger, the board of directors of SCH has unanimously approved a change of SCH’s jurisdiction of incorporation by deregistering as an exempted company in the Cayman Islands and continuing and domesticating as a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware. In accordance with SCH’s Plan of Domestication (included as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this proxy statement/prospectus is a part), to effect the Domestication, SCH will file a notice of deregistration with the Cayman Islands Registrar of Companies, together with the necessary accompanying documents, and file a certificate of incorporation and a certificate of corporate domestication with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, under which SCH will be domesticated and continue as a Delaware corporation.
As a result of and upon the effective time of the Domestication, (i) each of the then issued and outstanding SCH Class A ordinary shares will convert automatically, on a one-for-one basis, into a share of SoFi Technologies common stock, (ii) each of the then issued and outstanding SCH Class B ordinary shares will convert automatically, on a one-for-one basis, into a share of SoFi Technologies common stock; provided, however, that with respect to the SCH Class B ordinary shares held by Sponsor, in connection with the Domestication the Sponsor will instead receive upon the conversion of the SCH Class B ordinary shares held by it, a number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock equal to (x) the number of SCH Class B ordinary shares held by it as of immediately prior to the Domestication minus (y) after giving effect to the Domestication, the number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock underlying the Director RSU Award, (iii) each then issued and outstanding SCH warrant will convert automatically into a SoFi Technologies warrant, pursuant to the Warrant Agreement and (iv) each of the then issued and outstanding units of SCH that have not been previously separated into the underlying SCH Class A ordinary shares and underlying SCH warrants upon the request of the holder thereof, will be canceled and will entitle the holder thereof to one share of SoFi Technologies common stock and one-fourth of one SoFi Technologies warrant.
The Domestication Proposal, if approved, will approve a change of SCH’s jurisdiction of incorporation from the Cayman Islands to the State of Delaware. Accordingly, while SCH is currently governed by the Cayman Islands Companies Act, upon the Domestication, SoFi Technologies will be governed by the DGCL. We encourage shareholders to carefully consult the information set out below under the section entitled “Comparison of Corporate Governance and Shareholder Rights”. Additionally, we note that if the Domestication Proposal is approved, then SCH will also ask its shareholders to approve the Organizational Documents Proposals (discussed below), which, if approved, will replace SCH’s current memorandum and articles of association under the Cayman Islands Companies Act with a new certificate of incorporation and bylaws of SoFi Technologies under the DGCL. The Proposed Organizational Documents differ in certain material respects from the Cayman Constitutional Documents and we encourage shareholders to carefully consult the information set out below under the section entitled “Organizational Documents Proposals”, the Cayman Constitutional Documents of SCH, attached hereto as Annex J and the Proposed Organizational Documents of SoFi Technologies, attached hereto as Annex K and Annex L.
Reasons for the Domestication
Our board of directors believes that there are significant advantages to us that will arise as a result of a change of our domicile to Delaware. Further, our board of directors believes that any direct benefit that the DGCL provides to a corporation also indirectly benefits its stockholders, who are the owners of the corporation.
The board of directors of SCH believes that there are several reasons why a reincorporation in Delaware is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders. As explained in more detail below, these reasons can be summarized as follows:
Prominence, Predictability, and Flexibility of Delaware Law.   For many years, Delaware has followed a policy of encouraging incorporation in its state and, in furtherance of that policy, has been a leader in adopting, construing, and implementing comprehensive, flexible corporate laws responsive to the legal and business needs of corporations organized under its laws. Many corporations have chosen Delaware initially as a state of incorporation or have subsequently changed corporate domicile to Delaware. Because of Delaware’s prominence as the state of incorporation for many major corporations, both the legislature and courts in Delaware have demonstrated the ability and a willingness to act quickly and effectively to meet changing business needs. The DGCL is frequently revised and
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updated to accommodate changing legal and business needs and is more comprehensive, widely used and interpreted than other state corporate laws. This favorable corporate and regulatory environment is attractive to businesses such as ours.
Well-Established Principles of Corporate Governance.   There is substantial judicial precedent in the Delaware courts as to the legal principles applicable to measures that may be taken by a corporation and to the conduct of a company’s board of directors, such as under the business judgment rule and other standards. Because the judicial system is based largely on legal precedents, the abundance of Delaware case law provides clarity and predictability to many areas of corporate law. We believe such clarity would be advantageous to SoFi Technologies, its board of directors and management to make corporate decisions and take corporate actions with greater assurance as to the validity and consequences of those decisions and actions. Further, investors and securities professionals are generally more familiar with Delaware corporations, and the laws governing such corporations, increasing their level of comfort with Delaware corporations relative to other jurisdictions. The Delaware courts have developed considerable expertise in dealing with corporate issues, and a substantial body of case law has developed construing Delaware law and establishing public policies with respect to corporate legal affairs. Moreover, Delaware’s vast body of law on the fiduciary duties of directors provides appropriate protection for SoFi Technologies’ stockholders from possible abuses by directors and officers.
Increased Ability to Attract and Retain Qualified Directors.   Reincorporation from the Cayman Islands to Delaware is attractive to directors, officers, and stockholders alike. SoFi Technologies’ incorporation in Delaware may make SoFi Technologies more attractive to future candidates for our board of directors, because many such candidates are already familiar with Delaware corporate law from their past business experience. To date, we have not experienced difficulty in retaining directors or officers, but directors of public companies are exposed to significant potential liability. Thus, candidates’ familiarity and comfort with Delaware laws — especially those relating to director indemnification (as discussed below) — draw such qualified candidates to Delaware corporations. Our board of directors therefore believes that providing the benefits afforded directors by Delaware law will enable SoFi Technologies to compete more effectively with other public companies in the recruitment of talented and experienced directors and officers. Moreover, Delaware’s vast body of law on the fiduciary duties of directors provides appropriate protection for our stockholders from possible abuses by directors and officers.
The frequency of claims and litigation pursued against directors and officers has greatly expanded the risks facing directors and officers of corporations in carrying out their respective duties. The amount of time and money required to respond to such claims and to defend such litigation can be substantial. While both Cayman and Delaware law permit a corporation to include a provision in its governing documents to reduce or eliminate the monetary liability of directors for breaches of fiduciary duty in certain circumstances, we believe that, in general, Delaware law is more developed and provides more guidance than Cayman law on matters regarding a company’s ability to limit director liability. As a result, we believe that the corporate environment afforded by Delaware will enable the surviving corporation to compete more effectively with other public companies in attracting and retaining new directors.
Expected Accounting Treatment of the Domestication
There will be no accounting effect or change in the carrying amount of the consolidated assets and liabilities of SCH as a result of the Domestication. The business, capitalization, assets and liabilities and financial statements of SoFi Technologies immediately following the Domestication will be the same as those of SCH immediately prior to the Domestication.
Vote Required for Approval
The approval of the Domestication Proposal requires a special resolution under Cayman Islands Companies Act, being the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, will not count as votes cast at the extraordinary general meeting.
The Domestication Proposal is conditioned on the approval of each of the Condition Precedent Proposals. Therefore, if each of the Condition Precedent Approvals is not approved, the Domestication Proposal will have no effect, even if approved by holders of ordinary shares.
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Resolution
The full text of the resolution to be passed is as follows:
RESOLVED, as a special resolution, that the Company be de-registered in the Cayman Islands pursuant to Article 47 of the Amended and Restated Articles of Association of the Company (as amended) and be registered by way of continuation as a corporation in the State of Delaware”.
Recommendation of the SCH Board of Directors
THE SCH BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT SCH SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE DOMESTICATION PROPOSAL.
The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of SCH’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders and what he, she or they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that shareholders vote for the proposals. In addition, SCH’s officers have interests in the Business Combination that may conflict with your interests as a shareholder. See the section entitled “BCA Proposal — Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination for a further discussion of these considerations.
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ORGANIZATIONAL DOCUMENTS PROPOSALS
If the Domestication Proposal is approved and the Business Combination is to be consummated, SCH will replace the current amended and restated memorandum of association of SCH under the Cayman Islands Companies Act (the “Existing Memorandum”) and the current articles of association of SCH (as may be amended from time to time) (the “Existing Articles” and, together with the Existing Memorandum, the “Cayman Constitutional Documents”), in each case, under the Cayman Islands Companies Act, with a proposed new certificate of incorporation (the “Proposed Certificate of Incorporation”) and proposed new bylaws (the “Proposed Bylaws” and, together with the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation, the “Proposed Organizational Documents”) of SoFi Technologies, in each case, under the DGCL.
SCH’s shareholders are asked to consider and vote upon and to approve by special resolution three separate proposals (collectively, the “Organizational Documents Proposals”) in connection with the replacement of the Cayman Constitutional Documents with the Proposed Organizational Documents. The Organizational Documents Proposals are conditioned on the approval of the Domestication Proposal, and, therefore, also conditioned on approval of the BCA Proposal. Therefore, if the BCA Proposal and the Domestication Proposal are not approved, the Organizational Documents Proposals will have no effect, even if approved by holders of ordinary shares.
The Proposed Organizational Documents differ materially from the Cayman Constitutional Documents. The following table sets forth a summary of the principal changes proposed between the Existing Memorandum and the Existing Articles and the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation and Proposed Bylaws for SoFi Technologies. This summary is qualified by reference to the complete text of the Cayman Constitutional Documents of SCH, attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex J, the complete text of the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation, a copy of which is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex K and the complete text of the Proposed Bylaws, a copy of which is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex L. All shareholders are encouraged to read each of the Proposed Organizational Documents in its entirety for a more complete description of its terms. Additionally, as the Cayman Constitutional Documents are governed by the Cayman Islands Companies Act and the Proposed Organizational Documents will be governed by the DGCL, we encourage shareholders to carefully consult the information set out under the “Comparison of Corporate Governance and Shareholder Rights” section of this proxy statement/prospectus.
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The Cayman Constitutional Documents
The Proposed Organizational Documents
Authorized Shares (Organizational Documents Proposal A)
The Cayman Constitutional Documents authorize 555,000,000 shares, consisting of 500,000,000 SCH Class A ordinary shares, 50,000,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares and 5,000,000 preferred shares.
See paragraph 5 of the Existing Memorandum.
The Proposed Organizational Documents authorize 3,300,000,000 shares, consisting of 3,000,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, 100,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies non-voting common stock, 100,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies preferred stock, and 100,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies redeemable preferred stock.
See Article IV of the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation.
Authorize the Board of Directors to Issue Preferred Stock Without Stockholder Consent (Organizational Documents Proposal B)
The Cayman Constitutional Documents authorize the issuance of 5,000,000 preferred shares with such designation, rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by SCH’s board of directors. Accordingly, SCH’s board of directors is empowered under the Cayman Constitutional Documents, without shareholder approval, to issue preferred shares with dividend, liquidation, redemption, voting or other rights which could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of ordinary shares (except to the extent it may affect the ability of SCH to carry out a conversion of SCH Class B ordinary shares on the Closing Date, as contemplated by the Existing Articles).
See paragraph 5 of the Existing Memorandum and Articles 3 and 17 of the Existing Articles.
The Proposed Organizational Documents authorize the Board to issue all or any shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to fix for each such series such voting powers, full or limited, and such designations, preferences and relative participating, optional or other special rights and such qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, as the Board may determine.
See Article V, subsection B of the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation.
Corporate Name (Organizational Documents Proposal C)
The Cayman Constitutional Documents provide that the name of the company is “Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V”
See paragraph 1 of the Existing Memorandum.
The Proposed Organizational Documents provide that the name of the corporation will be “SoFi Technologies, Inc.”
See Article I of the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation.
Perpetual Existence (Organizational Documents Proposal C)
The Cayman Constitutional Documents provide that if SCH does not consummate a business combination (as defined in the Cayman Constitutional Documents) by October 14, 2022, SCH will cease all operations except for the purposes of winding up and will redeem the public shares and liquidate SCH’s trust account.
See Article 49 of the Cayman Constitutional Documents.
The Proposed Organizational Documents do not include any provisions relating to SoFi Technologies’ ongoing existence; the default under the DGCL will make SoFi Technologies’ existence perpetual.
Default rule under the DGCL.
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The Cayman Constitutional Documents
The Proposed Organizational Documents
Exclusive Forum (Organizational Documents Proposal C)
The Cayman Constitutional Documents do not contain a provision adopting an exclusive forum for certain shareholder litigation.
The Proposed Organizational Documents adopt Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation and the United States Federal District Courts as the exclusive forum for litigation arising out of the Securities Act.
See Article IX of the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation.
Takeovers by Interested Stockholders (Organizational Documents Proposal C)
The Cayman Constitutional Documents do not provide restrictions on takeovers of SCH by a related shareholder following a business combination.
The Proposed Organizational Documents do not opt out of Section 203 of the DGCL, and therefore, SoFi Technologies will be subject to Section 203 of the DGCL relating to takeovers by interested stockholders.
Default rule under the DGCL.
Provisions Related to Status as Blank Check Company (Organizational Documents Proposal C)
The Cayman Constitutional Documents include various provisions related to SCH’s status as a blank check company prior to the consummation of a business combination.
See Article 49 of the Cayman Constitutional Documents.
The Proposed Organizational Documents do not include such provisions related to SCH’s status as a blank check company, which no longer will apply upon consummation of the Business Combination, as SCH will cease to be a blank check company at such time.
Resolution
The full text of the resolution to be passed is as follows:
RESOLVED, as a special resolution, that the Cayman Constitutional Documents currently in effect be amended and restated by the deletion in their entirety and the substitution in their place of the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation and Proposed Bylaws (copies of which are attached to the proxy statement/prospectus as Annex K and Annex L, respectively), with such principal changes as described in Organizational Documents Proposals A-C”.
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ORGANIZATIONAL DOCUMENTS PROPOSAL A — APPROVAL OF AUTHORIZATION OF CHANGE TO AUTHORIZED CAPITAL STOCK, AS SET FORTH IN THE PROPOSED ORGANIZATIONAL DOCUMENTS
Overview
Organizational Documents Proposal A — to authorize the change in the authorized capital stock of SCH from (i) 500,000,000 SCH Class A ordinary shares, 50,000,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares and 5,000,000 preferred shares, par value $0.0001 per share, of SCH (the “SCH Preferred Shares”) to (ii) 3,000,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies voting common stock, 100,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies non-voting common stock, 100,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies preferred stock, and 100,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies redeemable preferred stock.
As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, there are (i) 80,500,000 SCH Class A ordinary shares issued and outstanding, (ii) 20,125,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares issued and outstanding and (iii) no SCH Preferred Shares issued and outstanding. In addition, as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, there is an aggregate of (x) 20,125,000 public warrants and 8,000,000 private placement warrants of SCH, in each case, issued and outstanding. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Warrant Agreement, the SCH warrants will be exercisable after giving effect to the Merger for one share of SoFi Technologies common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share. No SCH warrants are exercisable until 30 days after the Closing.
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, SoFi Technologies will issue or, as applicable, reserve for issuance in respect of SoFi Awards outstanding as of immediately prior to the Closing that will be converted into awards based on SoFi Technologies common stock, an aggregate of 657,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock to SoFi Stockholders, and pursuant to the PIPE Investment, SoFi Technologies will issue 122,500,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock to the PIPE Investors.
In order to ensure that SoFi Technologies has sufficient authorized capital for future issuances, SCH’s board of directors has approved, subject to stockholder approval, that the Proposed Organizational Documents of SoFi Technologies change the authorized capital stock of SCH from (i) 500,000,000 SCH Class A ordinary shares, 50,000,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares and 5,000,000 SCH Preferred Shares to (ii) 3,000,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, 100,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies non-voting common stock, 100,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies preferred stock, and 100,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies redeemable preferred stock.
This summary is qualified by reference to the complete text of the Proposed Organizational Documents of SoFi Technologies, copies of which are attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex K and Annex L. All stockholders are encouraged to read the Proposed Organizational Documents in their entirety for a more complete description of their terms.
Reasons for the Amendments
The principal purpose of this proposal is to provide for an authorized capital structure of SoFi Technologies that will enable it to continue as an operating company governed by the DGCL. Our board of directors believes that it is important for us to have available for issuance a number of authorized shares of common stock and preferred stock sufficient to support our growth and to provide flexibility for future corporate needs.
Vote Required for Approval
The approval of Organizational Documents Proposal A requires a special resolution under Cayman Islands Companies Act, being the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, will not count as votes cast at the extraordinary general meeting.
Organizational Documents Proposal A is conditioned on the approval of each of the Condition Precedent Proposals. Therefore, if each of the Condition Precedent Approvals is not approved, the Organizational Documents Proposal A will have no effect, even if approved by holders of ordinary shares.
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Recommendation of the SCH Board of Directors
THE SCH BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT SCH SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL DOCUMENTS PROPOSAL A.
The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of SCH’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders and what he, she or they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that shareholders vote for the proposals. In addition, SCH’s officers have interests in the Business Combination that may conflict with your interests as a shareholder. See the section entitled “BCA Proposal — Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination” for a further discussion of these considerations.
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ORGANIZATIONAL DOCUMENTS PROPOSAL B — APPROVAL OF PROPOSAL REGARDING ISSUANCE OF PREFERRED STOCK OF SOFI TECHNOLOGIES AT THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS’ SOLE DISCRETION, AS SET FORTH IN THE PROPOSED ORGANIZATIONAL DOCUMENTS
Overview
Organizational Documents Proposal B — to authorize the board of directors of SoFi Technologies to issue any or all shares of SoFi Technologies preferred stock in one or more classes or series, with such terms and conditions as may be expressly determined by SoFi Technologies’ board of directors and as may be permitted by the DGCL.
Assuming the BCA Proposal and the Domestication Proposal are approved, our shareholders are also being asked to approve Organizational Documents Proposal B, which is, in the judgment of our board of directors, necessary to adequately address the needs of SoFi Technologies after the Business Combination.
If Organizational Documents Proposal A is approved, the number of authorized shares of preferred stock of SoFi Technologies will be 100,000,000 shares. Approval of this Organizational Documents Proposal B will allow for issuance of any or all of these shares of preferred stock from time to time at the discretion of the board of directors, as may be permitted by the DGCL, and without further stockholder action. The shares of preferred stock would be issuable for any proper corporate purpose, including, among other things, future acquisitions, capital raising transactions consisting of equity or convertible debt, stock dividends or issuances under current and any future stock incentive plans, pursuant to which we may provide equity incentives to employees, officers and directors, and in certain instances may be used as an antitakeover defense.
This summary is qualified by reference to the complete text of the Proposed Organizational Documents of SoFi Technologies, copies of which are attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex K and Annex L. All stockholders are encouraged to read the Proposed Organizational Documents in their entirety for a more complete description of their terms.
Reasons for the Amendments
Our board of directors believes that these additional shares will provide us with needed flexibility to issue shares in the future in a timely manner and under circumstances we consider favorable without incurring the risk, delay and potential expense incident to obtaining stockholder approval for a particular issuance.
Authorized but unissued preferred stock may enable the board of directors to render it more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of SoFi Technologies and thereby protect continuity of or entrench its management, which may adversely affect the market price of SoFi Technologies and its securities. If, in the due exercise of its fiduciary obligations, for example, the board of directors was to determine that a takeover proposal was not in the best interests of SoFi Technologies, such preferred stock could be issued by the board of directors without stockholder approval in one or more private placements or other transactions that might prevent or render more difficult or make more costly the completion of any attempted takeover transaction by diluting voting or other rights of the proposed acquirer or insurgent stockholder group, by creating a substantial voting bloc in institutional or other hands that might support the position of the board of directors, by effecting an acquisition that might complicate or preclude the takeover, or otherwise. Allowing SoFi Technologies’ board of directors to issue the authorized preferred stock on its own volition will enable SoFi Technologies to have the flexibility to issue such preferred stock in the future for financing its business, for acquiring other businesses, for forming strategic partnerships and alliances and for stock dividends and stock splits. SoFi Technologies currently has no such plans, proposals, or arrangements, written or otherwise, to issue any of the additional authorized stock for such purposes.
Vote Required for Approval
The approval of Organizational Documents Proposal B requires a special resolution under Cayman Islands Companies Act, being the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, will not count as votes cast at the extraordinary general meeting.
Organizational Documents Proposal B is conditioned on the approval of each of the Condition Precedent Proposals. Therefore, if each of the Condition Precedent Approvals is not approved, the Organizational Documents Proposal B will have no effect, even if approved by holders of ordinary shares.
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Recommendation of the SCH Board of Directors
THE SCH BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT SCH SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL DOCUMENTS PROPOSAL B.
The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of SCH’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders and what he, she or they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that shareholders vote for the proposals. In addition, SCH’s officers have interests in the Business Combination that may conflict with your interests as a shareholder. See the section entitled “BCA Proposal — Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination” for a further discussion of these considerations.
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ORGANIZATIONAL DOCUMENTS PROPOSAL C — APPROVAL OF OTHER CHANGES IN CONNECTION WITH ADOPTION OF THE PROPOSED ORGANIZATIONAL DOCUMENTS
Overview
Organizational Documents Proposal C — to authorize all other changes in connection with the replacement of Cayman Constitutional Documents with the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation and Proposed Bylaws in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination (copies of which are attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex K and Annex L, respectively), including (i) changing the corporate name from “Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V” to “SoFi Technologies, Inc.” (ii) making SoFi Technologies’ corporate existence perpetual, (iii) adopting Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation and the United States Federal District Courts as the exclusive forum for litigation arising out of the Securities Act, (iv) being subject to the provisions of Section 203 of DGCL and (v) removing certain provisions related to SCH’s status as a blank check company that will no longer be applicable upon consummation of the Business Combination, all of which SCH’s board of directors believes is necessary to adequately address the needs of SoFi Technologies after the Business Combination.
Assuming the BCA Proposal and the Domestication Proposal are approved, our shareholders are also being asked to approve Organizational Documents Proposal C, which is, in the judgment of our board of directors, necessary to adequately address the needs of SoFi Technologies after the Business Combination.
The Proposed Bylaws provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, and unless SoFi Technologies consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, in the event that such court does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware or other state courts of the State of Delaware) will be the sole and exclusive forum for any state law claims for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of SoFi Technologies, (ii) any action asserting a claim for or based on a breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer or other employee of SoFi Technologies to SoFi Technologies or SoFi Technologies stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against SoFi Technologies or any current or former director or officer or other employee of SoFi Technologies arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or the Proposed Bylaws or Proposed Certificate of Incorporation (as either may be amended from time to time), (iv) any action asserting a claim related to or involving SoFi Technologies that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine, and (v) any action asserting an “internal corporate claim” as that term is defined in Section 115 of the DGCL (the “Delaware Forum Provision”). The Delaware Forum Provision, however, does not apply to actions or claims arising under the Exchange Act. The Proposed Bylaws also provide that, unless SoFi Technologies consents in writing to the selection of an alternate forum, the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, shall be the United States Federal District Courts. Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder; SoFi Technologies stockholders cannot and will not be deemed to have waived compliance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.
The Proposed Organizational Documents will not contain provisions related to a blank check company (including those related to operation of the trust account, winding up of SCH’s operations should SCH not complete a business combination by a specified date, and other such blank check-specific provisions as are present in the Cayman Constitutional Documents) because following the consummation of the Merger, SoFi Technologies will not be a blank check company.
Approval of each of the Organizational Documents Proposals, assuming approval of each of the other Condition Precedent Proposals, will result, upon the Domestication, in the wholesale replacement of the Cayman Constitutional Documents with SoFi Technologies’ Proposed Organizational Documents. While certain material changes between the Cayman Constitutional Documents and the Proposed Organizational Documents have been unbundled into distinct organizational documents proposals or otherwise identified in this Organizational Documents Proposal C, there are other differences between the Cayman Constitutional Documents and Proposed Organizational Documents (arising from, among other things, differences between the Cayman Islands Companies Act and the DGCL and the typical form of organizational documents under each such body of law) that will be approved (subject to the approval of the aforementioned related proposals and consummation of the Business Combination) if our shareholders approve this Organizational Documents Proposal C. Accordingly, we encourage shareholders to carefully review the terms of the Proposed Organizational Documents of SoFi Technologies, attached hereto as Annex K and Annex L as well as the information provided in the “Comparison of Corporate Governance and Shareholder Rights” section of this proxy statement/prospectus.
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Reasons for the Amendments
Corporate Name
Our board of directors believes that changing the post-business combination corporate name from “Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V” to “SoFi Technologies, Inc.” is desirable to reflect the Business Combination with SoFi and to clearly identify SoFi Technologies as the publicly traded entity.
Perpetual Existence
Our board of directors believes that making SoFi Technologies’ corporate existence perpetual is desirable to reflect the Business Combination. Additionally, perpetual existence is the usual period of existence for public corporations, and our board of directors believes that it is the most appropriate period for SoFi Technologies following the Business Combination.
Exclusive Forum
Adopting Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation is intended to assist SoFi Technologies in avoiding multiple lawsuits in multiple jurisdictions regarding the same matter. The ability to require such claims to be brought in a single forum will help to assure consistent consideration of the issues, the application of a relatively known body of case law and level of expertise and should promote efficiency and cost-savings in the resolutions of such claims. Our board of directors believes that the Delaware courts are best suited to address disputes involving such matters given that after the Domestication, SoFi Technologies will be incorporated in Delaware. Delaware law generally applies to such matters and the Delaware courts have a reputation for expertise in corporate law matters. Delaware offers a specialized Court of Chancery to address corporate law matters, with streamlined procedures and processes, which help provide relatively quick decisions. This accelerated schedule can minimize the time, cost and uncertainty of litigation for all parties. The Court of Chancery has developed considerable expertise with respect to corporate law issues, as well as a substantial and influential body of case law construing Delaware’s corporate law and long-standing precedent regarding corporate governance. This provides stockholders and the post-combination company with more predictability regarding the outcome of intra-corporate disputes. In the event the Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, the other state courts located in Delaware would be the most appropriate forums because these courts have more expertise on matters of Delaware law compared to other jurisdictions; provided that these exclusive forum provisions will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, or to any claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.
In addition, this amendment would promote judicial fairness and avoid conflicting results, as well as make the post-combination company’s defense of applicable claims less disruptive and more economically feasible, principally by avoiding duplicative discovery.
Adopting the United States Federal District Courts as the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act, unless we consent in writing to an alternative forum, is intended to allow for the consolidation of multi-jurisdiction litigation, avoid state court forum shopping, provide efficiencies in managing the procedural aspects of securities litigation and reduce the risk that the outcome of cases in multiple jurisdictions could be inconsistent.
DGCL 203
SoFi Technologies will be subject to Section 203 of the DGCL, an anti-takeover law. Section 203 is a default provision of the DGCL that prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination, such as a merger, with “interested stockholders” (a person or group owning 15% or more of the corporation’s voting stock) for three years following the date that person becomes an interested stockholder, unless: (i) before such stockholder becomes an “interested stockholder”, the board of directors approves the Business Combination or the transaction that results in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder; (ii) upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation at the time of the transaction (excluding stock owned by certain persons); or (iii) at the time or after the stockholder became an interested stockholder, the board of directors and at least two-thirds of the disinterested outstanding voting stock of the corporation approves the transaction. While Section 203 is the default provision under the DGCL, the DGCL allows companies to opt out of Section 203 of the DGCL by including a provision in their certificate of incorporation expressly electing not to be governed by Section 203 of the DGCL. Our board of directors has determined to be subject to Section 203 of the DGCL.
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Provisions Related to Status as Blank Check Company
The elimination of certain provisions related to SCH’s status as a blank check company is desirable because these provisions will serve no purpose following the Business Combination. For example, the Proposed Organizational Documents do not include the requirement to dissolve SoFi Technologies and allows it to continue as a corporate entity with perpetual existence following consummation of the Business Combination. Perpetual existence is the usual period of existence for public corporations, and SCH’s board of directors believes it is the most appropriate period for SoFi Technologies following the Business Combination. In addition, certain other provisions in SCH’s current certificate require that proceeds from SCH’s initial public offering be held in the trust account until a business combination or liquidation of SCH has occurred. These provisions cease to apply once the Business Combination is consummated and are therefore not included in the Proposed Organizational Documents.
Vote Required for Approval
The approval of Organizational Documents Proposal C requires a special resolution under Cayman Islands Companies Act, being the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, will not count as votes cast at the extraordinary general meeting.
Organizational Documents Proposal C is conditioned on the approval of each of the Condition Precedent Proposals. Therefore, if each of the Condition Precedent Approvals is not approved, the Organizational Documents Proposal C will have no effect, even if approved by holders of ordinary shares.
Recommendation of the SCH Board of Directors
THE SCH BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT SCH SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL DOCUMENTS PROPOSAL C.
The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of SCH’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders and what he, she or they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that shareholders vote for the proposals. In addition, SCH’s officers have interests in the Business Combination that may conflict with your interests as a shareholder. See the section entitled “BCA Proposal — Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination” for a further discussion of these considerations.
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DIRECTOR ELECTION PROPOSAL
Overview
The Director Election Proposal — to consider and vote upon a proposal, assuming the BCA Proposal, the Domestication Proposal and the Organizational Documents Proposals are approved, to elect 12 directors who, upon consummation of the Business Combination, will be the directors of SoFi Technologies (“Director Election Proposal”).
Assuming the BCA Proposal, the Domestication Proposal and each of the Organizational Documents Proposals are approved, SCH’s shareholders are also being asked to approve, by ordinary resolution, the Director Election Proposal.
Nominees
As contemplated by the Merger Agreement, the board of directors of SoFi Technologies following consummation of the transaction will consist of up to 13 directors as follows; the board of directors will initially consist of the 12 individuals named below and one vacant director position, which consists of a director to be designated by Red Crow, as further described below, that we expect will be filled following Closing:
One of whom will be Anthony Noto, the Chief Executive Officer of SoFi Technologies, who will thereafter be designated, nominated and elected as contemplated by the Proposed Organizational Documents;
Three of whom will be designated by certain existing investors for so long as the relevant existing investor holds in the aggregate an amount of shares of SoFi Technologies equal to (i) at least 50% of its percentage ownership of SoFi Technologies immediately following Closing minus any of such existing investor’s shares of SoFi Technologies repurchased by SoFi Technologies pursuant to the Shareholders’ Agreement, or (ii) at least 5% of the then issued and outstanding shares of SoFi Technologies, including:
a.one of whom will be designated by Red Crow Capital, LLC (“Red Crow”) and who will initially be Clay Wilkes,
b.one of whom will be designated by QIA FIG Holding LLC (“QIA”) and who will initially be Ahmed Al-Hammadi, and
c.one of whom will be designated by Silver Lake Partners (“Silver Lake”) and who will initially be Michael Bingle; and who will thereafter be designated, nominated and elected as contemplated by the Proposed Organizational Documents and the Shareholders’ Agreement;
(A) Two of whom will be designated by SoftBank Group Capital Limited (“SoftBank”) for so long as SoftBank holds in the aggregate an amount of shares of SoFi Technologies equal to at least 50% of its percentage ownership of SoFi Technologies immediately following Closing minus any of SoftBank’s shares of SoFi Technologies repurchased by SoFi Technologies pursuant to the Shareholders’ Agreement, or (B) in the event the threshold in sub-clause (A) is not met, one of whom will be designated by SoftBank for so long as SoftBank holds in the aggregate an amount of shares of SoFi Technologies (i) greater than or equal to 25% but less than 50% of its percentage ownership of SoFi Technologies immediately following Closing minus any of SoftBank’s shares of SoFi Technologies repurchased by SoFi pursuant to the Shareholders’ Agreement, or (ii) at least 5% of the then issued and outstanding shares of SoFi Technologies, who will initially be Michel Combes and Carlos Medeiros, and who will thereafter be designated, nominated and elected as contemplated by the Proposed Organizational Documents and the Shareholders’ Agreement; and
Seven of whom will be independent directors,
a.(i) two of whom will be designated by SCH for so long as SCH holds in the aggregate an amount of shares of SoFi Technologies equal to at least 50% of its percentage ownership of SoFi Technologies immediately following Closing and mutually agreed upon between SCH and SoFi and who will initially be Richard Costolo and Harvey Schwartz, or (ii) in the event the threshold set forth in sub-clause (a)(i) is not met, one of whom will be designated by SCH for so long as SCH holds in the aggregate an amount of shares of SoFi Technologies equal to (x) at least 25% of its percentage ownership of SoFi Technologies immediately following Closing or (y) at least 5% of the then issued and outstanding shares of SoFi Technologies;
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b.one of whom will be designated by Red Crow for so long as Red Crow holds in the aggregate an amount of shares of SoFi Technologies equal to at least 50% of its percentage ownership of SoFi Technologies immediately following Closing; we expect Red Crow to designate a director following Closing;   
c.one of whom will be designated by SoftBank for so long as SoftBank holds in the aggregate an amount of shares of SoFi Technologies equal to at least 50% of its percentage ownership of SoFi Technologies immediately following Closing minus any of such existing investor’s shares of SoFi Technologies repurchased by SoFi Technologies pursuant to the Shareholders’ Agreement and who will initially be Tom Hutton; and
d.three of whom will be independent members of SoFi’s current Board of Directors and who will initially be Steven Freiberg, Clara Liang and Magdalena Yeşil, in each case, who will thereafter be designated, nominated and elected as contemplated by the Proposed Organizational Documents.
Accordingly, our board of directors has nominated each of the named individuals above to serve as our directors upon the consummation of the Business Combination, with Tom Hutton to serve as the Chairperson of the board of directors, in each case, in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Proposed Organizational Documents. For more information on the experience of each of these director nominees, please see the section entitled “Management of SoFi Technologies Following the Business Combination” of this proxy statement/prospectus.
Vote Required for Approval
The approval of the Director Election Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting. Under the terms of the Cayman Constitutional Documents, only the holders of the SCH Class B ordinary shares are entitled to vote on the election of directors to our board of directors. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, will not count as votes cast at the extraordinary general meeting.
The Director Election Proposal is conditioned on the approval of each of the Condition Precedent Proposals. Therefore, if each of the Condition Precedent Approvals is not approved, the Director Election Proposal will have no effect, even if approved by holders of ordinary shares.
Resolution
The full text of the resolution to be passed is as follows:
RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, that the persons named below be elected to serve on SoFi Technologies’ Board upon the consummation of the Business Combination”.
Name of Director
Anthony Noto
Clay Wilkes
Tom Hutton
Steven Freiberg
Ahmed Al-Hammadi
Michael Bingle
Michel Combes
Richard Costolo
Clara Liang
Carlos Medeiros
Harvey Schwartz
Magdalena Yeşil
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Recommendation of the SCH Board of Directors
THE SCH BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT SCH SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE DIRECTOR ELECTION PROPOSAL.
The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of SCH’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders and what he, she or they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that shareholders vote for the proposals. In addition, SCH’s officers have interests in the Business Combination that may conflict with your interests as a shareholder. See the section entitled “BCA Proposal — Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination” for a further discussion of these considerations.
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STOCK ISSUANCE PROPOSAL
Overview
The Stock Issuance Proposal — to consider and vote upon a proposal to approve by ordinary resolution, assuming the BCA Proposal, the Domestication Proposal, the Organizational Documents Proposals and the Director Election Proposal are approved, for the purposes of complying with the applicable provisions of Section 312.03 of the NYSE’s Listed Company Manual, the issuance of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, as applicable, to (i) the PIPE Investors, including the Sponsor Related PIPE Investors, pursuant to the PIPE Investment and (ii) the SoFi Stockholders pursuant to the Merger Agreement (we refer to this proposal as the “Stock Issuance Proposal”).
Assuming the BCA Proposal, the Domestication Proposal, each of the Organizational Documents Proposals and the Director Election Proposal are approved, SCH’s shareholders are also being asked to approve, by ordinary resolution, the Stock Issuance Proposal.
Reasons for the Approval for Purposes of NYSE Listing Rule 312.03
Pursuant to Section 312.03(c) of the NYSE’s Listed Company Manual, shareholder approval is required prior to the issuance of common stock, or of securities convertible into or exercisable for common stock, in any transaction or series of related transactions if: (i) the common stock has, or will have upon issuance, voting power equal to or in excess of 20 percent of the voting power outstanding before the issuance of such stock or of securities convertible into or exercisable for common stock or (ii) the number of shares of common stock to be issued is, or will be upon issuance, equal to or in excess of 20 percent of the number of shares of common stock outstanding before the issuance of the common stock or of securities convertible into or exercisable for common stock. Additionally, under Section 312.03(d) of the NYSE’s Listed Company Manual, shareholder approval is required prior to the issuance of securities when the issuance or potential issuance will result in a change of control of the registrant. Upon the consummation of the Merger, SCH expects to issue up to an estimated 684,503,581 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock in connection with the Business Combination and 122,500,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock in connection with the PIPE Investment. For further details, see the section entitled “BCA Proposal — The Merger Agreement — Consideration — Aggregate Merger Consideration”.
Accordingly, the aggregate number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock that SCH will issue in connection with the Business Combination and the PIPE Investment will exceed 20% of both the voting power and the shares of SoFi Technologies common stock outstanding before such issuance and may result in a change of control of the registrant under Section 312.03(d) of the NYSE’s Listed Company Manual, and for these reasons, SCH is seeking the approval of SCH shareholders for the issuance of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock pursuant in connection with the Business Combination and the PIPE Investment.
Additionally, pursuant to Section 312.03(b) of the NYSE’s Listed Company Manual, shareholder approval is required prior to the issuance of common stock, or of securities convertible into or exercisable for common stock, in any transaction or series of related transactions, to (i) a director, officer or substantial security holder of the company (each a “Related Party”), (ii) a subsidiary, affiliate or other closely related person of a Related Party or (iii) any company or entity in which a Related Party has a substantial direct or indirect interest, in each case, if the number of shares of common stock to be issued, or if the number of shares of common stock into which the securities may be convertible or exercisable, exceeds either one percent of the number of shares of common stock or one percent of the voting power outstanding before the issuance. In connection with the PIPE Investment, Chamath Palihapitiya and Ian Osborne and Steven Trieu are expected to be issued 13,100,000, 13,100,000, and 240,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, respectively.
Accordingly, the aggregate number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock that SCH will issue to a Related Party in the PIPE Investment may exceed 1% of the shares of SoFi Technologies common stock outstanding before such issuance, and for this reason, SCH is seeking the approval of SCH shareholders for the issuance of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock pursuant in connection with the PIPE Investment.
In the event that this proposal is not approved by SCH shareholders, the Business Combination cannot be consummated. In the event that this proposal is approved by SCH shareholders, but the Merger Agreement is terminated (without the Business Combination being consummated) prior to the issuance of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock pursuant to the Merger Agreement or the PIPE Investment, such shares of SoFi Technologies common stock will not be issued.
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Vote Required for Approval
The approval of the Stock Issuance Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, will not count as votes cast at the extraordinary general meeting.
The Stock Issuance Proposal is conditioned on the approval of each of the Condition Precedent Proposals. Therefore, if each of the Condition Precedent Approvals is not approved, the Stock Issuance Proposal will have no effect, even if approved by holders of ordinary shares.
Resolution
The full text of the resolution to be passed is as follows:
RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, that, for the purposes of complying with the applicable provisions of Section 312.03 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, the issuance of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock pursuant to the Merger Agreement and the PIPE Investment be approved in all respects”.
Recommendation of the SCH Board of Directors
THE SCH BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT SCH SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE STOCK ISSUANCE PROPOSAL.
The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of SCH’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders and what he, she or they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that shareholders vote for the proposals. In addition, SCH’s officers have interests in the Business Combination that may conflict with your interests as a shareholder. See the section entitled “BCA Proposal — Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination” for a further discussion of these considerations.
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INCENTIVE PLAN PROPOSAL
Overview
The Incentive Plan Proposal — SCH is asking its shareholders to approve the 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (referred to elsewhere in this proxy statement as the “2021 Plan”). The SCH board of directors adopted the 2021 Plan on January 6, 2021, subject to shareholder approval at the extraordinary general meeting. If the 2021 Plan is approved by our shareholders, the 2021 Plan will become effective on the date of closing of the Business Combination. If the 2021 Plan is not approved by our shareholders, it will not become effective and no stock awards will be granted thereunder. The 2021 Plan is described in more detail below. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the 2021 Plan, a copy of which is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex I.
The 2021 Plan is intended to replace the Social Finance, Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Plan (the “2011 Plan”). The Social Finance board of directors will terminate the 2011 Plan, effective as of and contingent upon the Closing. Following the Closing, no additional stock awards will be granted under the 2011 Plan, although all outstanding stock awards granted under the 2011 Plan immediately prior to the Closing will be assumed by us and continue to be subject to the terms and conditions as set forth in the agreements evidencing such stock awards and the terms of the 2011 Plan.
Reasons to Approve the 2021 Plan
The purpose of the 2021 Plan is to encourage and enable officers, employees, non-employee directors and consultants of SoFi Technologies, upon whose judgment, initiative and efforts SoFi Technologies depends for the successful conduct of the business, to acquire a proprietary interest in SoFi Technologies. We consider equity compensation to be a vital element of our compensation program and believe that the ability to grant stock awards at competitive levels is in the best interest of us and our shareholders. Our board of directors believes the 2021 Plan is critical in enabling us to grant stock awards as an incentive and retention tool as we continue to compete for talent.
Approval of the 2021 Plan by our shareholders is required, among other things, to comply with stock exchange rules requiring shareholder approval of equity compensation plans and allow the grant of incentive stock options under the 2021 Plan.
Description of the 2021 Plan
Set forth below is a summary of the material features of the 2021 Plan. The 2021 Plan is set forth in its entirety as Annex I to this Proxy Statement, and all descriptions of the 2021 Plan contained in this Incentive Plan Proposal are qualified by reference to Annex I.
Purpose
The 2021 Plan is intended to (i) attract and retain the best available personnel to ensure our success and accomplish our goals; (ii) incentivize employees, directors and independent contractors with long-term equity-based compensation to align their interests with our shareholders, and (iii) promote the success of our business.
Types of Stock Awards
The 2021 Plan permits the grant of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock, unrestricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), dividend equivalent rights and cash-based awards (all such types of awards, collectively, “stock awards”).
Share Reserve
Number of Shares
Subject to adjustments as set forth in the 2021 Plan, the maximum aggregate number of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock that may be issued under the 2021 Plan will be equal to approximately 8% of the total outstanding capital stock of the combined company as of the Closing Date on an as converted basis. The shares may be authorized, but unissued, or reacquired SoFi Technologies common stock. Furthermore, subject to adjustments as set forth in the 2021 Plan, in no event will
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the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issued under the 2021 Plan pursuant to incentive stock options exceed 500,000,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock.
The number of shares available for issuance under the 2021 Plan will be increased on the first day of each fiscal year beginning with the 2022 fiscal year in an amount equal to the lessor of (i) five percent (5%) of the outstanding shares on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year and (ii) such number of shares determined by the board of directors.
Lapsed Awards
The shares underlying any awards under the 2021 Plan that are forfeited, canceled or otherwise terminated (other than by exercise) shall be added back to the shares of stock available for issuance under the 2021 Plan and, to the extent permissible, the shares of stock that may be issued as incentive stock options. Nonetheless, the following shares shall not be added to the shares authorized for grant under the 2021 Plan: (i) shares tendered or held back upon exercise of a stock option or settlement of a stock award to cover the exercise price or tax withholding, and (ii) shares subject to a SAR that are not issued in connection with the stock settlement of the SAR upon exercise thereof. If SoFi Technologies repurchases shares of stock on the open market, such shares shall not be added to the shares of stock available for issuance under the 2021 Plan. The shares available for issuance under the 2021 Plan may be authorized but unissued shares of stock or shares of stock reacquired by SoFi Technologies.
Eligibility
Employees, directors and independent contractors of us or our affiliates are all eligible to participate in the 2021 Plan. Incentive stock options may only be granted to employees. Following the closing of the Business Combination, the combined company is expected to have appropriately 1,950 employees, 13 directors and approximately two independent contractors who will be eligible to be granted awards under the 2021 Plan.
Administration
The 2021 Plan will be administered by our board of directors or the compensation committee, which committee will be constituted to satisfy applicable laws (the “Plan Administrator”). The Plan Administrator may, in its sole discretion, delegate to a committee consisting of one or more officers of SoFi Technologies, including the chief executive officer, all or part of the Plan Administrator’s authority and duties with respect to granting stock awards to individuals who are (i) not subject Section 16 of the Exchange Act and (ii) not members of the delegated committee. Such delegation of authority shall include a limitation as to the amount of shares of stock underlying stock awards that may be granted during the period of such delegation and shall additionally contain guidelines as to the determination of the exercise price and vesting criteria, as applicable.
Subject to the terms of the 2021 Plan, the Plan Administrator has the authority, in its discretion, to (i) determine the time or times to grant stock awards under the 2021 Plan; (ii) select the service providers to whom stock awards may be granted under the 2021 Plan; (iii) determine the number of shares to be covered by each stock award granted under the 2021 Plan; (iv) approve forms of stock award agreements for use under the 2021 Plan; (v) determine and modify, from time to time, the terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the terms of the 2021 Plan, of any stock award granted thereunder; (vi) institute and determine the terms and conditions of an exchange program under the terms of the 2021 Plan (subject to shareholder approval); (vii) construe and interpret the terms of the 2021 Plan and stock awards granted pursuant to the 2021 Plan; (viii) decide all disputes arising in connection with the 2021 Plan; (ix) prescribe, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to the 2021 Plan; (x) modify or amend each stock award (subject to the terms of the 2021 Plan); (xi) supervise the administration of the 2021 Plan; (xii) allow participants to satisfy tax withholding obligations in such manner as prescribed in the 2021 Plan; (xiii) extend at any time the period in which stock options may be exercised (subject to the terms of the 2021 Plan); (xiv) accelerate at any time the exercisability or vesting of all or any portion of any stock award; and (xv) make all other determinations deemed necessary or advisable for administering the 2021 Plan.
Stock Options
Each stock option will be designated in the stock award agreement as either an incentive stock option (which is entitled to potentially favorable tax treatment) or a nonstatutory stock option. However, notwithstanding such designation, to the extent that the aggregate fair market value of the shares with respect to which incentive stock options are exercisable for the first time by the participant during any calendar year exceeds $100,000, such stock options will be treated as nonstatutory stock options. Incentive stock options may only be granted to employees.
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The term of each stock option will be stated in the stock award agreement. In the case of an incentive stock option, the term will be 10 years from the date of grant or such shorter term as may be provided in the stock award agreement. Moreover, in the case of an incentive stock option granted to a participant who owns stock representing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of our stock or the stock of any of our affiliates, the term of the incentive stock option will be 5 years from the date of grant or such shorter term as may be provided in the stock award agreement.
The per share exercise price for the shares to be issued pursuant to exercise of a stock option will be determined by the Plan Administrator, subject to the following: in the case of an incentive stock option (i) granted to an employee who, at the time the incentive stock option is granted, owns stock representing more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of our stock or the stock of any of our affiliates, the per share exercise price will be no less than 110% of the fair market value per share on the date of grant; and (ii) granted to any other employee, the per share exercise price will be no less than 100% of the fair market value per share on the date of grant. In the case of a nonstatutory stock option, the per share exercise price will be no less than 100% of the fair market value per share on the date of grant. Notwithstanding the foregoing, stock options may be granted with a per share exercise price of less than 100% of the fair market value per share on the date of grant (i) if such stock option is otherwise compliant with Section 409A of the Code or (ii) pursuant to a corporate reorganization, liquidation, etc., described in, and in a manner consistent with, Section 424(a) of the Code.
At the time a stock option is granted, the Plan Administrator will fix the period within which the stock option may be exercised and will determine any conditions that must be satisfied before the stock option may be exercised. The Plan Administrator will also determine the acceptable form of consideration for exercising a stock option, including the method of payment. In the case of an incentive stock option, the Plan Administrator will determine the acceptable form of consideration at the time of grant.
If a participant ceases to be a service provider other than for “Cause” (as defined in the stock award agreement), the participant may exercise his or her stock option within such period of time as is specified in the stock award agreement to the extent that the stock option is vested on the date of termination (but in no event later than the expiration of the term of such stock option). In the absence of a specified time in the stock award agreement, to the extent vested as of a participant’s termination, the stock option will remain exercisable for 12 months following a termination for death or disability (as determined by the Plan Administrator), and three months following a termination for any other reason, provided, however, that in the case of a participant who is a non-employee director, the stock option will remain exercisable for only six months following termination for any reason other than death Any outstanding stock option (including any vested portion thereof) held by a participant will immediately terminate in its entirety upon the participant being first notified of his or her termination for Cause and the participant will be prohibited from exercising his or her stock option from and after the date of such termination.
Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs)
The Plan Administrator will determine the terms and conditions of each SAR, provided that the exercise price for each SAR will be no less than 100% of the fair market value of the underlying shares of SoFi Technologies common stock on the date of grant. Upon exercise of a SAR, a participant will receive payment from us in an amount determined by multiplying the difference between the fair market value of a share on the date of exercise over the exercise price by the number of shares with respect to which the SAR is exercised. SARs are exercisable at the times and on the terms established by the Plan Administrator.
Restricted Stock and RSUs
Restricted stock awards are grants of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock that are subject to various restrictions, including restrictions on transferability and forfeiture provisions. Shares of restricted stock will vest and the restrictions on such shares will lapse in accordance with terms and conditions established by the Plan Administrator. Each RSU is a bookkeeping entry representing an amount equal to the fair market value of one share of SoFi Technologies common stock. Upon meeting the applicable vesting criteria, the participant will be entitled to receive a payout for his or her earned RSUs as determined by the Plan Administrator in the form of cash or shares.
In determining whether restricted stock or RSUs should be granted, and/or the vesting schedule for such a stock award, the Plan Administrator may impose whatever conditions on vesting as it determines to be appropriate.
During the period of restriction, participants holding restricted stock may exercise full voting rights with respect to such shares, provided, however, that the participant shall not receive any dividends otherwise payable with respect to such restricted
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stock during the period of restriction, which such dividends shall accrue and become payable upon the end of the restricted period.
During the vesting period, participants holding RSUs will hold no voting rights by virtue of such RSUs. The Plan Administrator may, in its sole discretion, award dividend equivalents in connection with the grant of RSUs that may be settled in cash, in shares of equivalent value, or in some combination thereof.
Unrestricted Stock Awards
An unrestricted stock award is an award of shares to an eligible person without a purchase price that is not subject to any restrictions. The Plan Administrator will determine the number of shares to be awarded to the participant under an unrestricted stock award.
Outside Director Limitations
Stock awards granted during a single calendar year under the 2021 Plan or otherwise, taken together with any cash compensation paid during such calendar year will not exceed $750,000 in total value for any non-employee director (calculating the value of any such stock awards based on the grant date fair value of such stock awards for financial reporting purposes).
Leaves of Absence / Transfer Between Locations
A participant will not cease to be an employee in the case of (i) any leave of absence approved by the participant’s employer if the employee’s right to reemployment is guaranteed by a statute, contract or by the policy pursuant to which the leave of absence was granted, or if the Plan Administrator otherwise so provides in writing or (ii) transfers between us and any of our affiliates.
Nontransferability of Stock Awards
Unless determined otherwise by the Plan Administrator, a stock award may not be sold, assigned, transferred, or otherwise encumbered or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of the participant, only by the participant. If the Plan Administrator makes a nonstatutory stock option transferable, such stock option will contain such additional terms and conditions as the Plan Administrator deems appropriate provided, however, that in no event may any stock award be transferred for consideration.
Clawback/Recovery
Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary under the 2021 Plan, a stock award granted under the 2021 Plan will be subject to any clawback policy as may be established and/or amended from time to time by us.
Adjustment
In the event of reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar change in our capital stock, the outstanding shares of stock are increased or decreased or are exchanged for a different number or kind of shares or other of our securities, or additional shares or new or different shares or other securities of ours or other non-cash assets are distributed with respect to such shares of stock or other securities, or, if, as a result of any merger or consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the SoFi Technologies, the outstanding shares of stock are converted into or exchanged for securities of SoFi Technologies or any successor entity (or a parent or subsidiary thereof), the Plan Administrator, in order to prevent dilution, diminution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available under the 2021 Plan, will, in such manner as it may deem equitable, adjust the number, kind and class of securities that may be delivered under the 2021 Plan, the number, class, kind and price of securities covered by each outstanding stock award and/or the repurchase or exercise prices (as applicable) of such stock awards; provided that all such adjustments will be made in a manner that does not result in taxation under Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code (“Section 409A”).
Corporate Transaction
In the event of (i) a transfer of all or substantially all of our assets on a consolidated bases to an unrelated person or entity, (ii) a merger, reorganization or consolidation pursuant to which the holders of the our outstanding voting power and outstanding
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stock immediately prior to such transaction do not own a majority of the outstanding voting power and outstanding stock or other equity interests of the resulting or successor entity (or its ultimate parent, if applicable) immediately upon completion of such transaction, (iii) the sale of all of our shares of stock to an unrelated person, entity or group thereof acting in concert, or (iv) any other transaction in which the owners of SoFi Technologies’ outstanding voting power immediately prior to such transaction do not own at least a majority of the outstanding voting power of SoFi Technologies or any successor entity immediately upon completion of the transaction other than as a result of the acquisition of securities directly from us, each outstanding stock award (vested or unvested) may be assumed, continued or substituted with stock awards of the successor entity, with an appropriate adjustment as to the number and kind of shares and, as applicable, the per share exercise prices, as agreed to by the parties. If such assumption, continuation or substitution does not occur, the 2021 Plan and all stock awards shall terminate and upon such termination, except as otherwise provided in an applicable stock award agreement, all stock awards with time-based vesting conditions shall become fully vested, nonforfeitable and, if applicable, exercisable, as of the effective time of such corporate transaction. In addition, all stock awards with performance-based vesting restrictions may become vested and nonforfeitable in connection with such corporate transaction in the discretion of the Plan Administrator, or as otherwise provided in the applicable stock award agreement. In the event of such termination of the 2021 Plan, SoFi Technologies may provide for (i) the cancellation of such stock options and SARs in exchange for a payment to the participants equal to the excess of (1) the fair market value of the shares subject to such stock options and SARs as of the closing date of such corporate transaction over (2) the exercise price or purchase price paid or to be paid for the shares subject to the stock options or SARs; provided, that, if the exercise price or purchase price for such stock awards equals or exceeds the fair market value of the shares subject to such stock awards, then the stock awards may be terminated without payment or (ii) the opportunity for participants to exercise their stock options or SARs prior to the occurrence of the corporate transaction of any stock options or SARS not exercised prior thereto. In addition, SoFi Technologies may, in its own discretion, make or provide for a payment, in cash or in kind, to the holders of other stock awards (other than stock options or SARs) in an amount equal to the fair market value of the shares subject to such stock awards multiplied by the number of vested shares of stock underlying such stock awards.
Amendment, Termination and Duration of the 2021 Plan
If approved by our shareholders, the 2021 Plan will continue in effect for a term of 10 years measured from the Effective Date (as defined in the 2021 Plan), unless terminated earlier under the terms of the 2021 Plan. The Plan Administrator may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the 2021 Plan.
U.S. Federal Tax Aspects
A participant who receives a stock option or SAR will not have taxable income upon the grant of the stock option or SAR. For nonstatutory stock options and SARs, the participant will recognize ordinary income upon exercise in an amount equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares over the exercise price — the appreciation value — on the date of exercise. Any additional gain or loss recognized upon any later disposition of the shares generally will be long-term or short-term capital gain or loss, depending on whether the shares are held for more than one year.
The purchase of shares upon exercise of an incentive stock option will not result in any taxable income to the participant, except for purposes of the alternative minimum tax. Gain or loss recognized by the participant on a later sale or other disposition of the shares will be capital gain or loss and/or ordinary income depending upon whether the participant holds the shares transferred upon exercise for a specified period. If the shares are held for the specified period, any gain generally will be taxed at long-term capital-gain rates. If the shares are not held for the specified period, generally any gain up to the excess of the fair market value of the shares on the date of exercise over the exercise price will be treated as ordinary income. Any additional gain generally will be taxable at long-term or short-term capital-gain rates, depending on whether the participant held the shares for more than one year after the exercise date.
A participant who receives restricted stock will not have taxable income until vesting unless the participant timely files an election under Section 83(b) of the Internal Revenue Code to be taxed at the time of grant. The participant will recognize ordinary income equal to the fair market value of the shares at the time of vesting less the amount paid for such shares (if any) if no such election is made. Any additional gain or loss recognized upon any later disposition of the shares generally will be long-term or short-term capital gain or loss, depending on whether the shares are held for more than one year. If a participant timely files a Section 83(b) election, the participant will recognize ordinary income equal to the fair market value of the shares at the time of purchase or grant less the amount paid for such shares (if any).
A participant who receives RSUs will not have taxable income upon grant of the stock award; instead the participant will be taxed upon settlement of the stock award. The participant will recognize ordinary income equal to the fair market value of
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the shares or the amount of cash received by the participant. In addition, Section 409A imposes certain restrictions on deferred compensation arrangements. Stock awards that are treated as deferred compensation under Section 409A are intended to meet the requirements of this section of the Internal Revenue Code.
Prior to the delivery of any shares or cash pursuant to a stock award (or exercise thereof) or prior to any time the stock award or shares are subject to taxation or other tax-related items, we and/or the participant’s employer will have the power and the right to deduct or withhold, or require a participant to remit to us, an amount sufficient to satisfy any tax-related items or other items that are required to be withheld or deducted or otherwise applicable with respect to such stock award.
The Plan Administrator may, at its discretion and pursuant to such procedures as it may specify from time to time, permit a participant to satisfy such withholding or deduction obligations or any other tax-related items, in whole or in part by (without limitation) paying cash, electing to have us withhold otherwise deliverable cash or shares, or remitting to us proceeds from the immediate sale of shares otherwise to be delivered to the participant; provided that, any proceeds derived from a cashless exercise must be limited to avoid financial accounting charges under applicable accounting guidance or shares must have been previously held for the minimum duration required to avoid financial accounting charges under applicable accounting guidance. The fair market value of the shares to be withheld or delivered will be determined based on such methodology that we deem to be reasonable and in accordance with applicable laws.
We will be entitled to a tax deduction in connection with a stock award under the 2021 Plan only in an amount equal to the ordinary income realized by the participant and at the time the participant recognizes the income. Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code places a limit of $1 million on the amount of compensation that we may deduct as a business expense in any year with respect to certain of our most highly paid executive officers. While the Plan Administrator considers the deductibility of compensation as one factor in determining executive compensation, the Plan Administrator retains the discretion to award and pay compensation that is not deductible as it believes that it is in the best interests of our shareholders to maintain flexibility in our approach to executive compensation and to structure a program that we consider to be the most effective in attracting, motivating and retaining key employees.
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New Plan Benefits
The 2021 Plan does not provide for set benefits or amounts of awards and we have not approved any stock awards that are conditioned on shareholder approval of the 2021 Plan. However, we intend to grant awards to certain executive officers representing 3% of our outstanding capital stock following the Business Combination on an as converted basis. Specifically, we shall grant Mr. Noto restricted stock units that will be subject to performance-based vesting conditions. The remaining portion of such 3% pool to be awarded to executive officers, employees and consultants, other than Mr. Noto, cannot be determined at this time, however, they will be subject to the same performance vesting conditions as the Noto PSUs. All other future awards to executive officers, employees and consultants under the 2021 Plan are discretionary and cannot be determined at this time. Because anticipated awards to certain of our executive officers to be granted as of the Closing of the Business Combination are not calculable as of the date of this prospectus, we have not included them in the table below.
Name and Position
Dollar Value ($)(2)
Number of
 Shares
Anthony Noto(1)
Chief Executive Officer
98,935,8156,428,578
Christopher Lapointe
Chief Financial Officer
Maria Renz
EVP & Group Business Leader – Money, Invest & Credit Card
Michelle Gill
EVP & Group Business Leader – Lending & Capital Markets
Jennifer Nuckles
EVP & Group Business Leader – Relay, Protect, Lantern, Content, At Work and Partnerships
All current executive officers as a group
All current directors who are not executive officers as a group
All employees, including all current officers who are not executive officers, as a group
___________________
(1)The Noto PSUs will represent approximately 0.75% of our outstanding capital stock on an as converted basis. The Noto PSUs shall vest, if at all, during the period commencing on the first anniversary of the Business Combination and ending on the fifth such anniversary, subject to the achievement of specified performance goals including (i) the volume-weighted average closing price of our stock attaining the Target Hurdles of $25, $35 and $45, over a 90-trading day period and (ii) if we become a bank holding company, maintaining certain minimum standards applicable to bank holding companies, subject to continued employment on the date of vesting. In the event of a Sale Event (as defined in the 2021 Plan), the Noto PSUs may automatically vest subject to the satisfaction of the Target Hurdles by reference to the sale price, without regard to any other vesting conditions.
(2)The Dollar Value of the Noto PSUs is calculated in accordance with the value of SCH’s public shares on April 19, 2021, which closed at $15.39, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. The values provided in the above table are estimates and remain subject to change until the Closing of the Business Combination.
Anticipated awards to certain of our executive officers to be granted as of the Closing of the Business Combination have not be finalized. In addition, future awards to directors, executive officers, employees and independent contractors under the 2021 Plan are discretionary and cannot be determined at this time. As a result, such amounts are not calculable as of the date of this prospectus and we have not included them in the table above.
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Equity Compensation Plan Information
As of December 31, 2020, we did not maintain any equity compensation plans.
Plan Category
Number of securities
to be issued upon
exercise of outstanding
options, warrants and
rights
(a)
Weighted average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and
rights
(b)
Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance under equity
compensation plans
(excluding securities
reflected in column (a))
(c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders$—
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
Total
$—
Vote Required for Approval
The approval of the Incentive Plan Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, will not count as votes cast at the extraordinary general meeting.
Resolution
The full text of the resolution to be passed is as follows:
RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, that the Company’s adoption of the 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan for SoFi Technologies, Inc. and any form award agreements thereunder, be approved, ratified and confirmed in all respects”.
Recommendation of SCH’s Board of Directors
THE SCH BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT THE SCH SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE 2021 PLAN AND INCENTIVE PLAN PROPOSAL.
The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of SCH’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders and what he, she or they may believe is best for himself or themselves in determining to recommend that shareholders vote for the proposals. In addition, SCH’s officers have interests in the Business Combination that may conflict with your interests as a shareholder. See the section entitled “BCA Proposal — Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination” for a further discussion of these considerations.
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REPURCHASE PROPOSAL
Overview
The Repurchase Proposal — SCH is asking its shareholders to consider and vote upon a proposal to approve by ordinary resolution, assuming the BCA Proposal, the Domestication Proposal, each of the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Director Election Proposal, the Stock Issuance Proposal and the Incentive Award Plan Proposal are approved, the Repurchase Proposal.
As contemplated by the terms of the Shareholders’ Agreement, immediately following the Closing, and on the same date as the Closing, SoFi Technologies and SoftBank will enter into the Share Repurchase Agreement committing the Company to repurchase, in the aggregate, $150 million of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock owned by the SoftBank Investors at a price per share equal to $10.00 (the “Repurchase”), on the terms, and subject to the conditions, set forth therein.
Reasons for the Repurchase Proposal
Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, SCH has agreed to seek shareholder approval for the entry by SoFi Technologies into the Share Repurchase Agreement and the consummation of the Repurchase, and obtaining such approval is a condition to the consummation of the Merger.
Vote Required for Approval
The approval of the Repurchase Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, will not count as votes cast at the extraordinary general meeting.
The Repurchase Proposal is conditioned on the approval of each of the Condition Precedent Proposals. Therefore, if each of the Condition Precedent Approvals is not approved, the Repurchase Proposal will have no effect, even if approved by holders of ordinary shares.
Recommendation of the SCH Board of Directors
THE SCH BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT SCH SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE REPURCHASE PROPOSAL.
The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of SCH’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders and what he, she or they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that shareholders vote for the proposals. In addition, SCH’s officers have interests in the Business Combination that may conflict with your interests as a shareholder. See the section entitled “BCA Proposal  —  Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination” for a further discussion of these considerations.
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ADJOURNMENT PROPOSAL
The Adjournment Proposal allows SCH’s board of directors to submit a proposal to approve, by ordinary resolution, the adjournment of the extraordinary general meeting to a later date or dates, if necessary, to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies in the event, based on the tabulated votes, there are not sufficient votes at the time of the extraordinary general meeting to approve the Condition Precedent Proposals. The purpose of the Adjournment Proposal is to permit further solicitation of proxies and votes and to provide additional time for the Sponsor and SoFi and their respective stockholders to make purchases of ordinary shares or other arrangements that would increase the likelihood of obtaining a favorable vote on the proposals to be put to the extraordinary general meeting. See the section entitled “BCA Proposal — Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination”.
Consequences if the Adjournment Proposal is Not Approved
If the Adjournment Proposal is presented to the extraordinary general meeting and is not approved by the shareholders, SCH’s board of directors may not be able to adjourn the extraordinary general meeting to a later date in the event that, based on the tabulated votes, there are not sufficient votes at the time of the extraordinary general meeting to approve the Condition Precedent Proposals. In such events, the Business Combination would not be completed.
Vote Required for Approval
The approval of the Adjournment Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, will not count as votes cast at the extraordinary general meeting.
The Adjournment Proposal is not conditioned upon any other proposal.
Resolution
The full text of the resolution to be passed is as follows:
RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, that the adjournment of the extraordinary general meeting to a later date or dates, if necessary, to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies in the event that there are insufficient votes for the approval of one or more proposals at the extraordinary general meeting be approved”.
Recommendation of the SCH Board of Directors
THE SCH BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT SCH SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE ADJOURNMENT PROPOSAL.
The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of SCH’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is in the best interests of SCH and its shareholders and what he, she or they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that shareholders vote for the proposals. In addition, SCH’s officers have interests in the Business Combination that may conflict with your interests as a shareholder. See the section entitled “BCA Proposal — Interests of SCH’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination” for a further discussion of these considerations.
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U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following is a discussion of U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to SCH shareholders of Class A ordinary shares and warrants of the Domestication and exercise of redemption rights. This section applies only to SCH shareholders that hold their Class A ordinary shares or warrants as capital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes (generally, property held for investment).
This discussion does not discuss all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to holders in light of their particular circumstances or status including:
financial institutions or financial services entities;
broker-dealers;
taxpayers that are subject to the mark-to-market accounting rules;
tax-exempt entities;
governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;
insurance companies;
regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts;
expatriates or former long-term residents of the United States;
persons that actually or constructively own five percent or more of our voting shares or five percent or more of the total value of all classes of our shares, except as specifically discussed under the caption heading “– Effects of Section 367 to U.S. Holders”;
persons that acquired our securities pursuant to an exercise of employee share options, in connection with employee share incentive plans or otherwise as compensation;
persons that hold our securities as part of a straddle, constructive sale, hedging, conversion or other integrated or similar transaction;
persons whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar;
controlled foreign corporations; or
passive foreign investment companies.
This discussion is based on the Code, proposed, temporary and final Treasury Regulations promulgated under the Code, and judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, all as of the date hereof. All of the foregoing is subject to change, which change could apply retroactively and could affect the tax considerations described herein. This discussion does not address U.S. federal taxes other than those pertaining to U.S. federal income taxation (such as estate or gift taxes, the alternative minimum tax or the Medicare tax on investment income), nor does it address any aspects of U.S. state or local or non-U.S. taxation.
We have not and do not intend to seek any rulings from the IRS regarding the Domestication or an exercise of redemption rights. There can be no assurance that the IRS will not take positions inconsistent with the considerations discussed below or that any such positions would not be sustained by a court.
This discussion does not consider the tax treatment of partnerships or other pass-through entities or persons who hold our securities through such entities. If a partnership (or any entity or arrangement so characterized for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds SCH Class A ordinary shares or warrants, the tax treatment of such partnership and a person treated as a partner of such partnership will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partnerships holding any SCH Class A ordinary shares or warrants and persons that are treated as partners of such partnerships should consult their
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tax advisors as to the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Domestication and an exercise of redemption rights to them.
EACH HOLDER SHOULD CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR WITH RESPECT TO THE PARTICULAR TAX CONSEQUENCES TO SUCH HOLDER OF THE DOMESTICATION, AN EXERCISE OF REDEMPTION RIGHTS AND THE MERGER, INCLUDING THE EFFECTS OF U.S. FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AND NON-U.S. TAX LAWS.
U.S. HOLDERS
As used herein, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of SCH Class A ordinary shares or warrants who or that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
an individual citizen or resident of the United States,
a corporation (or other entity that is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that is created or organized (or treated as created or organized) in or under the laws of the United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia,
an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source, or
a trust if (1) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) it has a valid election in place to be treated as a U.S. person.
Effects of the Domestication to U.S. Holders
The U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Domestication will depend primarily upon whether the domestication qualifies as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368 of the Code.
Under Section 368(a)(1)(F) of the Code, a reorganization is a “mere change in identity, form, or place of organization of one corporation, however effected” (an “F Reorganization”). Pursuant to the Domestication, SCH will change its jurisdiction of incorporation from the Cayman Islands to Delaware.
It is intended that the Domestication qualify as an F Reorganization. Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP has delivered an opinion that the Domestication will qualify as an F Reorganization. Such opinion is filed by amendment as Exhibit 8.1 to the registration statement of which this proxy statement/prospectus forms part and is based on customary assumptions, representations and covenants. If any of the assumptions, representations or covenants on which the opinion is based is or becomes incorrect, incomplete, inaccurate or is otherwise not complied with, the validity of the opinion described above may be adversely affected and the tax consequences of the Domestication could differ from those described herein. An opinion of counsel is not binding on the IRS or any court, and there can be no certainty that the IRS will not challenge the conclusions reflected in the opinion or that a court would not sustain such a challenge.
Assuming the Domestication qualifies as an F Reorganization, U.S. Holders of SCH Class A ordinary shares or warrants generally should not recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes on the Domestication, except as provided below under the caption headings “— Effects of Section 367 to U.S. Holders” and “— PFIC Considerations”, and the Domestication should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as if SCH (i) transferred all of its assets and liabilities to SoFi Technologies in exchange for all of the outstanding common stock and warrants of SoFi Technologies; and (ii) then distributed the common stock and warrants of SoFi Technologies to the holders of securities of SCH in liquidation of SCH. The taxable year of SCH will be deemed to end on the date of the Domestication.
Because the Domestication will occur immediately prior to the redemption of U.S. Holders that exercise redemption rights with respect to SCH Class A ordinary shares, U.S. Holders exercising such redemption rights will be subject to the potential tax consequences of the Domestication. All holders considering exercising redemption rights with respect to their public shares are urged to consult with their tax advisors with respect to the potential tax consequences to them of the Domestication and exercise of redemption rights.
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Basis and Holding Period Considerations
Assuming the Domestication qualifies as an F Reorganization: (i) the tax basis of a share of SoFi Technologies common stock or a SoFi Technologies warrant received by a U.S. Holder in the Domestication will equal the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the SCH Class A ordinary share or warrant surrendered in exchange therefor, increased by any amount included in the income of such U.S. Holder as a result of Section 367 of the Code (as discussed below) and (ii) the holding period for a share of SoFi Technologies common stock or a SoFi Technologies warrant received by a U.S. Holder will include such U.S. Holder’s holding period for the SCH Class A ordinary share or warrant surrendered in exchange therefor.
Effects of Section 367 to U.S. Holders
Section 367 of the Code applies to certain transactions involving foreign corporations, including a domestication of a foreign corporation in an F Reorganization. Section 367 of the Code imposes United States federal income tax on certain United States persons in connection with transactions that would otherwise be tax-free. Section 367(b) of the Code will generally apply to U.S. Holders on the date of the Domestication. Because the Domestication will occur immediately prior to the redemption of holders that exercise redemption rights with respect to SCH Class A ordinary shares, U.S. Holders exercising such redemption rights will be subject to the potential tax consequences of Section 367 of the Code as a result of the Domestication.
“U.S. Shareholders” of SCH
A U.S. Holder who, on the date of the Domestication beneficially owns (actually or constructively) 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of SCH stock entitled to vote or 10% or more of the total value of all classes of SCH stock (a “U.S. Shareholder”) must include in income as a dividend the “all earnings and profits amount” attributable to the SCH Class A ordinary shares it directly owns, within the meaning of Treasury Regulations under Section 367 of the Code. A U.S. Holder’s ownership of SCH warrants will be taken into account in determining whether such U.S. Holder is a U.S. Shareholder. Complex attribution rules apply in determining whether a U.S. Holder is a U.S. Shareholder and all U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors with respect to these attribution rules.
A U.S. Shareholder’s all earnings and profits amount with respect to its SCH Class A ordinary shares is the net positive earnings and profits of SCH (as determined under Treasury Regulations under Section 367) attributable to such SCH Class A ordinary shares (as determined under Treasury Regulations under Section 367) but without regard to any gain that would be realized on a sale or exchange of such SCH Class A ordinary shares. Treasury Regulations under Section 367 provide that the all earnings and profits amount attributable to a shareholder’s stock is determined according to the principles of Section 1248 of the Code. In general, Section 1248 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder provide that the amount of earnings and profits attributable to a block of stock (as defined in Treasury Regulations under Section 1248 of the Code) in a foreign corporation is the ratably allocated portion of the foreign corporation’s earnings and profits generated during the period the shareholder held the block of stock.
SCH does not expect to have significant, if any, cumulative net earnings and profits on the date of the Domestication. If SCH’s cumulative net earnings and profits through the date of the Domestication is less than or equal to zero, then a U.S. Holder should not be required to include in gross income an all earnings and profits amount with respect to its SCH Class A ordinary shares. It is possible, however, that the amount of SCH’s cumulative net earnings and profits may be greater than expected through the date of the Domestication in which case a U.S. Shareholder would be required to include all of its earnings and profits amount in income as a deemed dividend under Treasury Regulations under Section 367 as a result of the Domestication.
U.S. Holders that Own Less Than 10 Percent of SCH
A U.S. Holder who, on the date of the Domestication, beneficially owns (actually or constructively) SCH Class A ordinary shares with a fair market value of $50,000 or more and is not a U.S. Shareholder will recognize gain (but not loss) with respect to its Class A ordinary shares in the Domestication or, in the alternative, may elect to recognize the “all earnings and profits” amount attributable to such holder’s SCH Class A ordinary shares as described below.
Unless a U.S. Holder makes the “all earnings and profits election” as described below, such U.S. Holder generally must recognize gain (but not loss) with respect to SoFi Technologies common stock received in the Domestication in an amount equal to the excess of the fair market value of such SoFi Technologies common stock over the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the SCH Class A ordinary shares deemed surrendered in exchange therefor.
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In lieu of recognizing any gain as described in the preceding paragraph, a U.S. Holder may elect to include in income the all earnings and profits amount attributable to its SCH Class A ordinary shares under Section 367(b). There are, however, strict conditions for making this election. This election must comply with applicable Treasury Regulations and generally must include, among other things:
(i)a statement that the Domestication is a Section 367(b) exchange (within the meaning of the applicable Treasury Regulations);
(ii)a complete description of the Domestication;
(iii)a description of any stock, securities or other consideration transferred or received in the Domestication;
(iv)a statement describing the amounts required to be taken into account for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
(v)a statement that the U.S. Holder is making the election that includes (A) a copy of the information that the U.S. Holder received from SCH establishing and substantiating the U.S. Holder’s all earnings and profits amount with respect to the U.S. Holder’s SCH Class A ordinary shares and (B) a representation that the U.S. Holder has notified SCH (or SoFi Technologies) that the U.S. Holder is making the election; and
(vi)certain other information required to be furnished with the U.S. Holder’s tax return or otherwise furnished pursuant to the Code or the Treasury Regulations.
In addition, the election must be attached by an electing U.S. Holder to such U.S. Holder’s timely filed U.S. federal income tax return for the year of the Domestication, and the U.S. Holder must send notice of making the election to SCH or SoFi Technologies no later than the date such tax return is filed. In connection with this election, SCH intends to provide each U.S. Holder eligible to make such an election with information regarding SCH’s earnings and profits upon request.
SCH does not expect to have significant, if any, cumulative earnings and profits through the date of the Domestication and if that proves to be the case, U.S. Holders who make this election are not expected to have a significant income inclusion under Section 367(b) of the Code, provided that the U.S. Holder properly executes the election and complies with the applicable notice requirements. However, as noted above, if it were determined that SCH had positive earnings and profits through the date of the Domestication, a U.S. Holder that makes the election described herein could have an all earnings and profits amount with respect to its SCH Class A ordinary shares, and thus could be required to include that amount in income as a deemed dividend under applicable Treasury Regulations as a result of the Domestication.
EACH U.S. HOLDER IS URGED TO CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF MAKING AN ELECTION AND THE APPROPRIATE FILING REQUIREMENTS WITH RESPECT TO AN ELECTION.
U.S. Holders that Own SCH Class A Ordinary Shares with a Fair Market Value of Less Than $50,000
A U.S. Holder who, on the date of the Domestication, beneficially owns (actually or constructively) SCH Class A ordinary shares with a fair market value less than $50,000 should not be required to recognize any gain or loss under Section 367 of the Code in connection with the Domestication, and generally should not be required to include any part of the all earnings and profits amount in income.
Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders of Warrants
Subject to the considerations described above relating to a U.S. Holder’s ownership of warrants being taken into account in determining whether such U.S. Holder is a U.S. Shareholder for purposes of Section 367(b) of the Code, and the considerations described below relating to PFIC considerations, a U.S. Holder of warrants should not be subject to U.S. federal income tax with respect to the exchange of warrants for newly issued warrants in the Domestication.
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ALL U.S. HOLDERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE EFFECT OF SECTION 367 OF THE CODE TO THEIR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES.
PFIC Considerations
In addition to the discussion under the heading “— Effects of Section 367 to U.S. Holders” above, the Domestication could be a taxable event to U.S. Holders under the PFIC provisions of the Code.
Definition of a PFIC
A foreign (i.e., non-U.S.) corporation will be classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes if either (i) at least 75% of its gross income in a taxable year, including its pro rata share of the gross income of any corporation in which it is considered to own at least 25% of the shares by value, is passive income or (ii) at least 50% of its assets in a taxable year (generally determined based on fair market value and averaged quarterly over the year) are held for the production of, or produce, passive income. Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents and royalties (other than rents or royalties derived from the active conduct of a trade or business) and gains from the disposition of passive assets. For purposes of these rules, interest income earned by SCH would be considered to be passive income and cash held by SCH would be considered to be a passive asset.
PFIC Status of SCH
Based upon the composition of its income and assets, and upon a review of its financial statements, SCH believes that it likely was a PFIC for its most recent taxable year ended on December 31, 2020 and will likely be considered a PFIC for its current taxable year which ends as a result of the Domestication.
Effects of PFIC Rules on the Domestication
As discussed above, SCH believes that it is likely classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Section 1291(f) of the Code requires that, to the extent provided in Treasury Regulations, a United States person who disposes of stock of a PFIC (including for this purpose exchanging warrants for newly issued warrants in the Domestication) recognizes gain notwithstanding any other provision of the Code. No final Treasury Regulations are currently in effect under Section 1291(f) of the Code. However, proposed Treasury Regulations under Section 1291(f) of the Code have been promulgated with a retroactive effective date. If finalized in their current form, those proposed Treasury Regulations may require gain recognition to U.S. Holders of SCH Class A ordinary shares and warrants upon the Domestication if
(vii)SCH were classified as a PFIC at any time during such U.S. Holder’s holding period in such SCH Class A ordinary shares or warrants and
(viii)the U.S. Holder had not timely made (a) a QEF Election (as defined below) for the first taxable year in which the U.S. Holder owned such SCH Class A ordinary shares or in which SCH was a PFIC, whichever is later (or a QEF Election along with a purging election), or (b) a mark-to-market election (as defined below) with respect to such SCH Class A ordinary shares. Generally, regulations provide that neither election applies to warrants. The tax on any such recognized gain would be imposed based on a complex set of computational rules designed to offset the tax deferral with respect to the undistributed earnings of SCH.
Under these rules:
the U.S. Holder’s gain will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for such U.S. Holder’s SCH Class A ordinary shares or warrants;
the amount of gain allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which the U.S. Holder recognized the gain, or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holding period before the first day of the first taxable year in which SCH was a PFIC, will be taxed as ordinary income;
the amount of gain allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in such U.S. Holder’s holding period would be taxed at the highest tax rate in effect for that year and applicable to the U.S. Holder; and
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an additional tax equal to the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the U.S. Holder in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of such U.S. Holder.
Any “all earnings and profits amount” included in income by a U.S. Holder as a result of the Domestication (discussed under the heading “— Effects of Section 367 to U.S. Holders” above) would generally be treated as gain subject to these rules.
It is difficult to predict whether, in what form and with what effective date, final Treasury Regulations under Section 1291(f) of the Code may be adopted or how any such Treasury Regulations would apply. Therefore, U.S. Holders of SCH Class A ordinary shares that have not made a timely QEF Election (or a QEF Election along with a purging election) or a mark-to-market election (each as defined below) may, pursuant to the proposed Treasury Regulations, be subject to taxation under the PFIC rules on the Domestication with respect to their SCH Class A ordinary shares and warrants under the PFIC rules in the manner set forth above. An Electing Shareholder (as defined below) would generally not be subject to the adverse PFIC rules discussed above with respect to their SCH Class A ordinary shares but rather would include annually in gross income its pro rata share of the ordinary earnings and net capital gain of SCH, whether or not such amounts are actually distributed.
The application of the PFIC rules to SCH warrants is unclear. A proposed Treasury Regulation issued under the PFIC rules generally treats an “option” (which would include an SCH warrant) to acquire the stock of a PFIC as stock of the PFIC, while a final Treasury Regulation issued under the PFIC rules provides that the QEF Election does not apply to options and no mark-to-market election (as defined below) is currently available with respect to options. Therefore, it is possible that the proposed Treasury Regulations if finalized in their current form would apply to cause gain recognition on the exchange of SCH warrants for SoFi Technologies warrants pursuant to the Domestication.
Any gain recognized by a U.S. Holder of SCH Class A ordinary shares or warrants as a result of the Domestication pursuant to PFIC rules would be taxable income to such U.S. Holder, taxed under the PFIC rules in the manner set forth above, with no corresponding receipt of cash.
ALL U.S. HOLDERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE EFFECTS OF THE PFIC RULES ON THE DOMESTICATION, INCLUDING THE IMPACT OF ANY PROPOSED OR FINAL TREASURY REGULATIONS.
QEF Election and Mark-to-Market Election
The impact of the PFIC rules on a U.S. Holder of SCH Class A ordinary shares (but not warrants) will depend on whether the U.S. Holder has made a timely and effective election to treat SCH as a “qualified electing fund” under Section 1295 of the Code for the taxable year that is the first year in the U.S. Holder’s holding period of SCH Class A ordinary shares during which SCH qualified as a PFIC (a “QEF Election”) or, if in a later taxable year, the U.S. Holder made a QEF Election along with a purging election. A purging election creates a deemed sale of the U.S. Holder’s SCH Class A ordinary shares at their then fair market value and requires the U.S. Holder to recognize gain pursuant to the purging election subject to the special PFIC tax and interest charge rules described above. As a result of any such purging election, the U.S. Holder would have a new basis and holding period in its SCH Class A ordinary shares. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors as to the application of the rules governing purging elections to their particular circumstances.
A U.S. Holder’s ability to make a QEF Election (or a QEF Election along with a purging election) with respect to SCH is contingent upon, among other things, the provision by SCH of a “PFIC Annual Information Statement” to such U.S. Holder. If SCH determines that it is a PFIC for any taxable year, it will endeavor to provide PFIC Annual Information Statements to U.S. Holders of SCH Class A ordinary shares upon request. There is no assurance, however, that SCH will timely provide such information. A U.S. Holder that made a QEF Election (or a QEF Election along with a purging election) may be referred to as an “Electing Shareholder” and a U.S. Holder that did not make a QEF Election may be referred to as a “Non-Electing Shareholder”. As discussed further above, a U.S. Holder is not able to make a QEF Election with respect to SCH warrants.
The impact of the PFIC rules on a U.S. Holder of SCH Class A ordinary shares may also depend on whether the U.S. Holder has made an election under Section 1296 of the Code. U.S. Holders who hold (actually or constructively) stock of a foreign corporation that is classified as a PFIC may annually elect to mark such stock to its market value if such stock is “marketable stock”, generally, stock that is regularly traded on a national securities exchange that is registered with the SEC, including Nasdaq, or on a foreign exchange or market that the IRS determines has rules sufficient to ensure that the market price represents a legitimate and sound fair market value (a “mark-to-market election”). No assurance can be given that the SCH Class A ordinary shares are considered to be marketable stock for purposes of the mark-to-market election or whether the other requirements of this election are satisfied. If such an election is available and has been made, such U.S. Holders will
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generally not be subject to the special taxation rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed herein. However, if the mark-to-market election is made by a Non-Electing Shareholder after the beginning of its holding period for the PFIC stock, then the Section 1291 rules will apply to certain dispositions of, distributions on and other amounts taxable with respect to Class A ordinary shares. A mark-to-market election is not available with respect to warrants.
THE RULES DEALING WITH PFICS ARE VERY COMPLEX AND ARE IMPACTED BY VARIOUS FACTORS IN ADDITION TO THOSE DESCRIBED ABOVE. ALL U.S. HOLDERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF THE PFIC RULES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WHETHER A QEF ELECTION (OR A QEF ELECTION ALONG WITH A PURGING ELECTION), A MARK-TO-MARKET ELECTION OR ANY OTHER ELECTION IS AVAILABLE AND THE CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF ANY SUCH ELECTION, AND THE IMPACT OF ANY PROPOSED OR FINAL PFIC TREASURY REGULATIONS.
Effects to U.S. Holders of Exercising Redemption Rights
The U.S. federal income tax consequences to a U.S. Holder of SCH Class A ordinary shares (which were exchanged for SoFi Technologies common stock in the Domestication) that exercises its redemption rights to receive cash from the trust account in exchange for all or a portion of its SoFi Technologies common stock will depend on whether the redemption qualifies as a sale of SoFi Technologies’ common stock redeemed under Section 302 of the Code or is treated as a distribution under Section 301 of the Code. If the redemption qualifies as a sale of such U.S. Holder’s SoFi Technologies common stock redeemed, such U.S. Holder will generally recognize capital gain or capital loss equal to the difference, if any, between the amount of cash received and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in SoFi Technologies’ common stock redeemed.
The redemption of SoFi Technologies common stock will generally qualify as a sale of SoFi Technologies’ common stock redeemed if such redemption (i) is “substantially disproportionate” with respect to the redeeming U.S. Holder, (ii) results in a “complete termination” of such U.S. Holder’s interest in us or (iii) is “not essentially equivalent to a dividend” with respect to such U.S. Holder. These tests are explained more fully below.
For purposes of such tests, a U.S. Holder takes into account not only SoFi Technologies common stock actually owned by such U.S. Holder, but also shares of SoFi Technologies common stock that are constructively owned by such U.S. Holder. A redeeming U.S. Holder may constructively own, in addition to SoFi Technologies common stock owned directly, SoFi Technologies common stock owned by certain related individuals and entities in which such U.S. Holder has an interest or that have an interest in such U.S. Holder, as well as any SoFi Technologies common stock such U.S. Holder has a right to acquire by exercise of an option, which would generally include SoFi Technologies common stock which could be acquired pursuant to the exercise of the warrants.
The redemption of SoFi Technologies common stock will generally be “substantially disproportionate” with respect to a redeeming U.S. Holder if the percentage of SoFi Technologies outstanding voting shares that such U.S. Holder actually or constructively owns immediately after the redemption is less than 80 percent of the percentage of SoFi Technologies outstanding voting shares that such U.S. Holder actually or constructively owned immediately before the redemption. There will be a complete termination of such U.S. Holder’s interest if either (i) all of SoFi Technologies’ common stock actually or constructively owned by such U.S. Holder is redeemed or (ii) all of SoFi Technologies’ common stock actually owned by such U.S. Holder is redeemed and such U.S. Holder is eligible to waive, and effectively waives in accordance with specific rules, the attribution of SoFi Technologies’ common stock owned by certain family members and such U.S. Holder does not constructively own any other SoFi Technologies shares. The redemption of SoFi Technologies common stock will not be essentially equivalent to a dividend if it results in a “meaningful reduction” of such U.S. Holder’s proportionate interest in SoFi Technologies. Whether the redemption will result in a meaningful reduction in such U.S. Holder’s proportionate interest will depend on the particular facts and circumstances applicable to it. The IRS has indicated in a published ruling that even a small reduction in the proportionate interest of a small minority shareholder in a publicly held corporation who exercises no control over corporate affairs may constitute such a “meaningful reduction”.
If none of the above tests is satisfied, a redemption will be treated as a distribution with respect to SoFi Technologies’ common stock. Such distribution will generally be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent the distribution is paid out of SoFi Technologies’ current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). Distributions in excess of any such earnings and profits will generally be applied against and reduce the U.S. Holder’s basis in its other SoFi Technologies common stock (but not below zero) and, to the extent in excess of such basis, will be treated as capital gain from the sale or exchange of such redeemed shares. After the application of those rules, any remaining tax basis of the U.S. Holder in SoFi Technologies’ common stock redeemed will generally be added to the U.S.
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Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its remaining SoFi Technologies common stock, or, if it has none, to the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its warrants or possibly in other SoFi Technologies common stock constructively owned by such U.S. Holder.
Because the Domestication will occur immediately prior to the redemption of U.S. Holders that exercise redemption rights, U.S. Holders exercising redemption rights will be subject to the potential tax consequences of Section 367 of the Code as a result of the Domestication (discussed further above).
ALL U.S. HOLDERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF A REDEMPTION OF ALL OR A PORTION OF THEIR SOFI TECHNOLOGIES COMMON STOCK PURSUANT TO AN EXERCISE OF REDEMPTION RIGHTS.
NON-U.S. HOLDERS
As used herein, a “non-U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner (other than a partnership or entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) of public shares or warrants that is not a U.S. Holder.
Effects of the Domestication to Non-U.S. Holders
We do not expect the Domestication to result in any U.S. federal income tax consequences to non-U.S. Holders of SoFi Technologies common stock and warrants.
The following describes U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to the ownership and disposition of SoFi Technologies common stock and warrants by a non-U.S. Holder after the Domestication.
Distributions
In general, any distributions made to a non-U.S. Holder with respect to SoFi Technologies common stock, to the extent paid out of SoFi Technologies’ current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles), will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, provided such dividends are not effectively connected with such non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment or fixed base maintained by such non-U.S. Holder), will be subject to withholding tax from the gross amount of the dividend at a rate of 30%, unless such non-U.S. Holder is eligible for a reduced rate of withholding tax under an applicable income tax treaty and provides proper certification of its eligibility for such reduced rate (usually on an IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable). Any distribution not constituting a dividend will be treated first as reducing (but not below zero) the non-U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its SoFi Technologies common stock and then, to the extent such distribution exceeds the non-U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis, as gain realized from the sale or other disposition of such SoFi Technologies common stock, which will be treated as described under “— Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of SoFi Technologies Common Stock and Warrants” below.
Dividends paid by SoFi Technologies to a non-U.S. Holder that are effectively connected with such non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment or fixed base maintained by such non-U.S. Holder) will generally not be subject to U.S. withholding tax, provided such non-U.S. Holder complies with certain certification and disclosure requirements (usually by providing an IRS Form W-8ECI). Instead, such dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax, net of certain deductions, at the same graduated individual or corporate rates applicable to U.S. Holders. If the non-U.S. Holder is a corporation, dividends that are effectively connected income may also be subject to a “branch profits tax” at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty).
Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of SoFi Technologies Common Stock and Warrants
A non-U.S. Holder will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on gain realized on a sale or other disposition of SoFi Technologies common stock or warrants unless:
(i)such non-U.S. Holder is an individual who was present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of such disposition and certain other requirements are met, in which case any gain realized will generally be subject to a flat 30% U.S. federal income tax;
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(ii)the gain is effectively connected with a trade or business of such non-U.S. Holder in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment or fixed base maintained by such non-U.S. Holder), in which case such gain will be subject to U.S. federal income tax, net of certain deductions, at the same graduated individual or corporate rates applicable to U.S. Holders, and any such gain of a non-U.S. Holder that is a corporation may be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty); or
(iii)SoFi Technologies is or has been a U.S. real property holding corporation at any time during the shorter of the five-year period preceding such disposition and such non-U.S. Holder’s holding period and either (A) SoFi Technologies’ common stock has ceased to be regularly traded on an established securities market or (B) such non-U.S. Holder has owned or is deemed to have owned, at any time during the shorter of the five-year period preceding such disposition and such non-U.S. Holder’s holding period, more than 5% of outstanding SoFi Technologies common stock.
If the third bullet point above applies to a non-U.S. Holder, gain recognized by such non-U.S. holder on the sale, exchange or other disposition of SoFi Technologies common stock or warrants will be subject to tax at generally applicable U.S. federal income tax rates. In addition, a buyer of such SoFi Technologies common stock or warrants from a non-U.S. Holder may be required to withhold U.S. income tax at a rate of 15% of the amount realized upon such disposition. We will be classified as a U.S. real property holding corporation if the fair market value of our “United States real property interests” equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market value of our worldwide real property interests and our other assets used or held for use in a trade or business, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. SoFi Technologies does not expect to be classified as a U.S. real property holding corporation immediately following the Business Combination. However, such determination is factual in nature and subject to change and no assurance can be provided as to whether SoFi Technologies will be a U.S. real property holding corporation with respect to a non-U.S. holder following the Business Combination or at any future time.
Effects to Non-U.S. Holders of Exercising Redemption Rights
The U.S. federal income tax consequences to a non-U.S. Holder of SoFi Technologies common stock that exercises its redemption rights to receive cash from the trust account in exchange for all or a portion of its SoFi Technologies common stock will depend on whether the redemption qualifies as a sale of SoFi Technologies’ common stock redeemed, as described above under “U.S. Holders — Effects to U.S. Holders of Exercising Redemption Rights”. If such a redemption qualifies as a sale of SoFi Technologies common stock, the U.S. federal income tax consequences to the non-U.S. Holder will be as described above under “Non-U.S. Holders — Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of SoFi Technologies common stock and Warrants”. If such a redemption does not qualify as a sale of SoFi Technologies common stock, the non-U.S. Holder will be treated as receiving a distribution, the U.S. federal income tax consequences of which are described above under “Non-U.S. Holders — Distributions”. Because the treatment of a redemption may not be certain or determinable at the time of redemption, redeemed non-U.S. Holders may be subject to withholding tax on the gross amount received in such redemption. Non-U.S. Holders may be exempt from such withholding tax if they are able to properly certify that they meet the requirements of an applicable exemption (e.g., because such non-U.S. Holders are not treated as receiving a dividend under the Section 302 tests described above under “U.S. Holders — Effects to U.S. Holders of Exercising Redemption Rights”).
Information Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding
Information returns will be filed with the IRS in connection with payments of dividends on and the proceeds from a sale or other disposition of SoFi Technologies common stock. A non-U.S. Holder may have to comply with certification procedures to establish that it is not a United States person for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise establish an exemption in order to avoid information reporting and backup withholding requirements or to claim a reduced rate of withholding under an applicable income tax treaty. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a non-U.S. Holder will generally be allowed as a credit against such non-U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such non-U.S. Holder to a refund, provided that the required information is furnished by such non-U.S. Holder to the IRS in a timely manner.
Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act
Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations and administrative guidance promulgated thereunder (commonly referred as the “Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act” or “FATCA”) generally impose withholding at a rate of 30% in certain circumstances on dividends in respect of securities (including SoFi Technologies common stock or warrants) which are held by or through certain foreign financial institutions (including investment funds), unless any such institution (i) enters into, and complies with, an agreement with the IRS to report, on an annual basis, information with respect to interests in, and accounts maintained by, the institution that are owned by certain U.S. persons and by certain non-U.S. entities that are
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wholly or partially owned by U.S. persons and to withhold on certain payments, or (ii) if required under an intergovernmental agreement between the United States and an applicable foreign country, reports such information to its local tax authority, which will exchange such information with the U.S. authorities. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and an applicable foreign country may modify these requirements. Accordingly, the entity through which SoFi Technologies common stock or warrants are held will affect the determination of whether such withholding is required. Similarly, dividends in respect of SoFi Technologies common stock or warrants held by an investor that is a non-financial non-U.S. entity that does not qualify under certain exceptions will generally be subject to withholding at a rate of 30%, unless such entity either (i) certifies to the applicable withholding agent that such entity does not have any “substantial United States owners” or (ii) provides certain information regarding the entity’s “substantial United States owners”, which will in turn be provided to the U.S. Department of Treasury. All holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of FATCA on their investment in SoFi Technologies common stock or warrants.
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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet of the Combined Company as of December 31, 2020 and the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations of the Combined Company for the year ended December 31, 2020 present the combination of the financial information of SCH and SoFi after giving effect to the Business Combination and related adjustments described in the accompanying notes. SCH and SoFi are collectively referred to herein as the Companies, and the Companies, subsequent to the Business Combination, are referred to herein as the Combined Company.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 gives pro forma effect to the Business Combination as if it had occurred on January 1, 2020. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 gives pro forma effect to the Business Combination as if it was completed on December 31, 2020.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is based on and should be read in conjunction with the audited historical financial statements of each of SCH and SoFi and the notes thereto, as well as the disclosures contained in the sections titled “SCH’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “SoFi’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been presented for illustrative purposes only and does not necessarily reflect what the Combined Company’s financial condition or results of operations would have been had the Business Combination occurred on the dates indicated. Further, the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information also may not be useful in predicting the future financial condition and results of operations of the Combined Company. The actual financial position and results of operations may differ significantly from the pro forma amounts reflected herein due to a variety of factors. The unaudited pro forma transaction accounting adjustments represent management’s estimates based on information available as of the date of this unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information and are subject to change as additional information becomes available and analyses are performed.
On January 7, 2021, SCH entered into the Merger Agreement with SoFi and Merger Sub, under which Merger Sub will merge with and into SoFi, with SoFi being the surviving corporation as a wholly owned subsidiary of SCH. In connection with the Business Combination, SCH will change its name to SoFi Technologies, Inc. referred to herein as SoFi Technologies.
At the Closing, all outstanding shares of capital stock (with the exception of Series 1 redeemable preferred stock), options, RSUs and warrants of the Company will be converted into SoFi Technologies common shares, options and warrants to purchase SoFi Technologies common shares, and SoFi Technologies RSUs. Series 1 redeemable preferred stock prior to the Closing will be converted into SoFi Technologies Series 1 redeemable preferred stock, and remain in temporary equity.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined information contained herein assumes that the SCH shareholders approve the proposed Business Combination. SCH’s shareholders may elect to redeem their shares of Class A ordinary shares for cash even if they approve the proposed Business Combination. SCH cannot predict how many of its public shareholders will exercise their right to have their Class A ordinary shares redeemed for cash. As a result, the Combined Company has elected to provide the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information under two different redemption scenarios, which produce different allocations of total Combined Company equity between holders of the ordinary shares. As described in greater detail in Note 2 of the “Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information”, the first scenario, or “no redemption scenario”, assumes that none of SCH’s public shareholders will exercise their right to have their SCH Class A ordinary shares redeemed for cash, and the second scenario, or “maximum redemption scenario”, assumes that holders of the maximum number of shares of SCH Class A ordinary shares that could be redeemed for cash while still leaving sufficient cash available to consummate the Business Combination, will exercise their right to have their SCH Class A ordinary shares redeemed for cash. The actual results will be within the parameters described by the two scenarios, however, there can be no assurance regarding which scenario will be closest to the actual results. Under both scenarios, SoFi is considered the accounting acquirer, as further discussed in Note 2 of the “Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information”.
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COMBINED COMPANY
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED BALANCE SHEET
DECEMBER 31, 2020
(In Thousands)
No redemption scenario
Maximum redemption scenario
SCH
(Historical)
SoFi
(Historical)
Transaction
Accounting
Adjustments
Note
Pro FormaTransaction
Accounting
Adjustments
NotePro Forma
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents$260 $872,582 $1,308,063 
3(a), 3(b)
$2,180,905 $503,046 
3(a), 3(b)
$1,375,888 
Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents— 450,846 — 
450,846 — 
450,846 
Loans— 4,879,303 — 
4,879,303 — 
4,879,303 
Servicing rights— 149,597 — 
149,597 — 
149,597 
Securitization investments— 496,935 — 
496,935 — 
496,935 
Equity method investments— 107,534 — 
107,534 — 
107,534 
Property, equipment and software— 81,489 — 
81,489 — 
81,489 
Goodwill— 899,270 — 
899,270 — 
899,270 
Intangible assets— 355,086 — 
355,086 — 
355,086 
Operating lease right-of-use assets— 116,858 — 
116,858 — 
116,858 
Related party notes receivable— 17,923 — 
17,923 — 
17,923 
Marketable securities held in Trust Account805,017 — (805,017)
3(c)
— (805,017)
3(c)
— 
Other assets801 136,076 (3,847)
3(b)
133,030 (3,847)
3(b)
133,030 
Total assets$806,078 $8,563,499 $499,199 
$9,868,776 $(305,818)
$9,063,759 
Liabilities, temporary equity and permanent equity (deficit)
Liabilities:
Accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities99,465 452,909 (43,417)
3(b), 3(d), 3(e)
508,957 (43,417)
3(b), 3(d), 3(e)
508,957 
Operating lease liabilities— 139,796 — 
139,796 — 
139,796 
Debt— 4,798,925 (486,000)
3(e)
4,312,925 (486,000)
3(e)
4,312,925 
Residual interests classified as debt— 118,298 — 
118,298 — 
118,298 
Deferred underwriting fee payable28,175 — (28,175)
3(b)
— (28,175)
3(b)
— 
Total liabilities127,640 5,509,928 (557,592)
5,079,976 (557,592)
5,079,976 
Temporary equity:
Class A ordinary shares, subject to possible redemption673,438 — (673,438)
3(f)
— (673,438)
3(f)
— 
Redeemable preferred stock— 3,173,686 (2,853,312)
3(f)
320,374 (2,853,312)
3(f)
320,374 
Permanent equity (deficit):
Common stock— — — 
3(f)
— — 
3(f)
— 
Preferred shares— — — 
3(f)
— — 
3(f)
— 
Class A ordinary shares— 79 
3(f)
80 71 
3(f)
72 
Class B ordinary shares— (2)
3(f)
— (2)
3(f)
— 
Additional paid-in capital60,768 579,228 4,549,498 
3(f)
5,189,494 3,744,489 
3(f)
4,384,485 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss— (166)— 
3(f)
(166)— 
3(f)
(166)
Accumulated deficit(55,771)(699,177)33,966 
3(f)
(720,982)33,966 
3(f)
(720,982)
Total permanent equity (deficit)5,000 (120,115)4,583,541 
4,468,426 3,778,524 
3,663,409 
Total liabilities, temporary equity and permanent equity (deficit)$806,078 $8,563,499 $499,199 
$9,868,776 $(305,818)
$9,063,759 
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COMBINED COMPANY
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)
No redemption scenario
Maximum redemption scenario
SCH
(Historical)
SoFi
(Historical)
Transaction
Accounting
Adjustments
Note
Pro FormaTransaction
Accounting
Adjustments
NotePro Forma
Interest income
Loans$— $330,353 $— 
$330,353 $— 
$330,353 
Securitizations— 24,031 — 
24,031 — 
24,031 
Related party notes— 3,189 — 
3,189 — 
3,189 
Other17 5,964 (17)
3(g)
5,964 (17)
3(g)
5,964 
Total interest income17 363,537 (17)
363,537 (17)
363,537 
Interest expense
Securitizations and warehouses— 155,150 — 
155,150 — 
155,150 
Other — 30,456 (5,754)
3(h)
24,702 (5,754)3(h)24,702 
Total interest expense— 185,606 (5,754)
179,852 (5,754)
179,852 
Net interest income17 177,931 5,737 
183,685 5,737 
183,685 
Noninterest income
Loan origination and sales— 371,323 — 
371,323 — 
371,323 
Securitizations— (70,251)— 
(70,251)— 
(70,251)
Servicing— (19,426)— 
(19,426)— 
(19,426)
Technology Platform fees— 90,128 — 
90,128 — 
90,128 
Other— 15,827 — 
15,827 — 
15,827 
Total noninterest income— 387,601 — 
387,601 — 
387,601 
Total net revenue17 565,532 5,737 
571,286 5,737 
571,286 
Noninterest expense
Technology and product development— 201,199 — 
201,199 — 
201,199 
Sales and marketing— 276,577 — 
276,577 — 
276,577 
Cost of operations— 178,896 — 
178,896 — 
178,896 
General and administrative55,788 237,381 1,280 
3(i), 3(j)
294,449 1,280 3(i), 3(j)294,449 
Total noninterest expense55,788 894,053 1,280 
951,121 1,280 
951,121 
Loss before income taxes(55,771)(328,521)4,457 
(379,835)4,457 
(379,835)
Income tax benefit— 104,468 — 
104,468 — 
104,468 
Net loss(55,771)(224,053)4,457 
(275,367)4,457 
(275,367)
Other comprehensive loss
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net— (145)— 
(145)— 
(145)
Total other comprehensive loss— (145)— 
(145)— 
(145)
Comprehensive loss$(55,771)$(224,198)$4,457 
$(275,512)$4,457 
$(275,512)
Net loss per share
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding, Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption72,920,468 n/a
n/a
n/a
Basic and diluted net income per share, Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption$0.00 n/an/an/a
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding(1)
22,074,445 42,374,976 
3(k)
804,580,394 3(k)724,080,394 
Basic and diluted net loss per share(1)
$(2.53)$(7.49)
3(k)
$(0.34)3(k)$(0.38)
___________________
(1)Net loss per share is based on:
SCH — weighted average number of shares of SCH Class A and Class B ordinary shares outstanding for the period from July 10, 2020 (date of inception) through December 31, 2020.
SoFi — weighted average number of shares of SoFi common stock outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Pro forma — number of shares of Class A ordinary shares of SoFi Technologies expected to be outstanding after the close of the Business Combination.
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COMBINED COMPANY
NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Note 1 — Description of the Business Combination
On January 7, 2021, SCH entered into the Merger Agreement with SoFi and Merger Sub, under which Merger Sub will merge with and into SoFi, with SoFi being the surviving corporation as a wholly owned subsidiary of SCH. In connection with the Business Combination, SCH will change its name to SoFi Technologies, Inc. referred to herein as SoFi Technologies.
Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement and under the no redemption and maximum redemption scenarios, SoFi’s stockholders will receive consideration of $6,570,000 in shares of SoFi Technologies common shares at Closing of the Business Combination, or approximately 657,000,000 shares based on an assumed stock price of $10 per share, including the dilutive effect (via the treasury stock method for options and warrants) of outstanding Stock Options, RSUs and common stock warrants.
The following table summarizes the pro forma ordinary shares outstanding under the two scenarios (as described in greater detail in Note 2), excluding the potential dilutive effect of outstanding Stock Options, RSUs and common stock warrants:
No redemption scenario
Maximum redemption scenario
Shares
Ownership, %
Shares
Ownership, %
SoFi Stockholders
581,455,394 72.3 %581,455,394 80.3 %
SCH’s public shareholders
80,500,000 10.0 %— — %
Sponsor and related parties
47,625,000 5.9 %47,625,000 6.6 %
Third Party PIPE Investors
95,000,000 11.8 %95,000,000 13.1 %
Total
804,580,394 100 %724,080,394 100 %
Note 2 — Basis of Presentation
The historical financial information of SCH and SoFi has been adjusted in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information to reflect transaction accounting adjustments related to the Business Combination in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
The Business Combination will be accounted for as a reverse recapitalization because SoFi has been determined to be the accounting acquirer under Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Accounting Standards Codification Topic 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”) under both the no redemption and maximum redemption scenarios. The determination is primarily based on the evaluation of the following facts and circumstances taking into consideration both the no redemption and maximum redemption scenarios:
The pre-combination equity holders of SoFi will hold the majority of voting rights in the Combined Company;
The pre-combination equity holders of SoFi have the right to appoint a majority of Board directors on the Combined Company Board;
Senior management of SoFi will comprise the senior management of the Combined Company; and
Operations of SoFi prior to the Business Combination will comprise the only ongoing operations of the Combined Company.
Under the reverse recapitalization model, the Business Combination will be reflected as the equivalent of SoFi issuing stock for the net assets of SCH, accompanied by a recapitalization whereby no goodwill or other intangible assets are recorded.
Business Combination costs that are determined to be directly attributable and incremental to the Business Combination will be deferred and recorded as other assets in the balance sheet leading up until the Business Combination closes. For the pro forma purposes, such costs will be recorded as a reduction in cash with a corresponding reduction of additional paid-in capital.
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COMBINED COMPANY
NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared using the assumptions below with respect to the potential redemption of SCH’s Class A ordinary shares into cash:
Assuming No Redemptions: This presentation assumes that no SCH shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their public shares.
Assuming Maximum Redemptions: This presentation assumes that all SCH’s public shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their public shares. This scenario assumes that 80,500,000 public shares are redeemed for an aggregate redemption payment of approximately $805,017, including interest accrued from the Trust account. The maximum redemption scenario is based on the Minimum Cash Condition, consisting of Trust Account funds and PIPE proceeds, of $900,000 to be contributed at Closing of the Business Combination.
Initially, SoFi intended to use a portion of cash proceeds from the Business Combination at Closing to repay its seller note issued in connection with the acquisition of Galileo. During February 2021, SoFi paid off the seller note for a total payment of $269,864, consisting of outstanding principal of $250,000 and accrued interest of $19,864. The Company now expects to use a portion of the cash proceeds from the Business Combination at Closing to repay the outstanding revolving credit facility balance, which had an outstanding principal balance of $486,000 and accrued interest of $47 as of December 31, 2020 (See Note 3(e) Payment of revolving credit facility).
The Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes SCH Business Combination expenses of $462, which are not expected to have a continuing impact on the results of the Combined Company beyond a year from the Closing.
Note 3 — Pro Forma Adjustments
Adjustments to the Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2020
The transaction accounting adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 are as follows:
3(a)Cash and cash equivalents.   Represents the impact of the Business Combination on the cash and cash equivalents balance of the Combined Company.
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COMBINED COMPANY
NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The table below represents the sources and uses of funds as it relates to the Business Combination:
Note
No redemption
scenario
Maximum
redemption
scenario
SCH cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2020 – pre Business Combination$260 $260 
SoFi cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2020 – pre Business Combination
872,582 872,582 
Total pre Business Combination
872,842 872,842 
SCH marketable securities held in Trust Account
(1)
805,017 805,017 
PIPE Financing proceeds – Sponsor and related parties
(2)
275,000 275,000 
PIPE Financing proceeds – Third parties
(2)
950,000 950,000 
Payment to redeeming SCH public shareholders
(3)
— (805,017)
Payment related to SoFi preferred shareholders
(4)
(21,805)(21,805)
Payment of revolving credit facility
(5)
(486,047)(486,047)
Payment of deferred underwriting fee payable
(6)
(28,175)(28,175)
Payment of accrued Business Combination costs of SoFi(7)(3,259)(3,259)
Payment of accrued Business Combination costs of SCH(8)(152)(152)
Payment of other Business Combination costs
(9)
(32,516)(32,516)
Repurchase of common stock
(10)
(150,000)(150,000)
Total Business Combination adjustments
1,308,063 503,046 
Post Business Combination cash and cash equivalents
$2,180,905 $1,375,888 
___________________
(1)Represents the amount of the restricted investments and marketable securities held in the Trust account upon consummation of the Business Combination at Closing. (See Note 3(c) Trust account).
(2)Represents the issuance, in a private placement to be consummated concurrently with the Closing, to PIPE investors of up to 122,500,000 ordinary shares assuming stock price of $10 per share. (See Note 3(f) Impact on equity).
(3)Represents the amount paid to SCH public shareholders who are assumed to exercise redemption rights under the maximum redemption scenario. (See Note 3(f) Impact on equity).
(4)In conjunction with the Business Combination, we expect the Series 1 Holders will receive a cash payment of $21,805 (subject to adjustment), and the Special Payment provision contemplated in Note 10 of the SoFi Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus will no longer be of any effect. (See Note 3(f) Impact on equity).
(5)Represents payment of the outstanding balance, plus interest, on SoFi’s revolving credit facility in the amount of $486,047, including accrued interest in the amount of $47. (See Note 3(e) Payment of revolving credit facility).
(6)Represents payment of deferred underwriting fee payable by SCH (See Note 3(b)(1) Business Combination costs).
(7)Represents payment of SoFi accrued Business Combination costs. (See Note 3(b)(3) Business Combination costs).
(8)Represents payment of SCH accrued Business Combination costs. (See Note 3(b)(2) Business Combination costs).
(9)Represents payment of other Business Combination costs. (See Note 3(b)(5) Business Combination costs). This amount does not include Business Combination costs that were paid prior to the Closing by SoFi and SCH in the amounts of $588 and $310, respectively.
(10)Immediately following the finalization of the Business Combination and on the same date as the Business Combination, SoFi committed to repurchase up to $150,000 of common shares, or 15,000,000 common shares, from a previous SoFi redeemable preferred stockholder. At the finalization of the Business Combination and immediately prior to the repurchase, these common shares were classified within temporary equity as Class A ordinary shares subject to redemption. (See Note 3(f) Impact on equity).
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COMBINED COMPANY
NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
3(b)Business Combination costs.
SCH
Business Combination costs
SoFi Business Combination costs
Incremental Business Combination costs (5)
Total Business Combination costs adjustments
Payment of deferred underwriting fee (1)
Payment of accrued expenses (2)
Payment of accrued expenses (3)
Recognition of capitalized unpaid expenses as a reduction to equity proceeds (4)
Recognition of capitalized paid expenses as a reduction to equity proceeds (4)
Cash and cash equivalents
$(28,175)$(152)$(3,259)$— $— $(32,516)$(64,102)
Other assets
— — — (3,259)(588)— (3,847)
Accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities
— (152)(3,259)— — — (3,411)
Deferred underwriting fee payable
(28,175)— — — — — (28,175)
Additional paid-in capital
— — — (3,259)(588)(32,516)(36,363)
___________________
(1)Payment of deferred underwriting fee payable incurred by SCH in the amount of $28,175. (See Note 3(a)(6) Cash and cash equivalents). The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet reflects payment of these costs as a reduction of cash and cash equivalents, with a corresponding decrease in deferred underwriting fee payable.
(2)Payment of transaction costs specific to SCH related to the Business Combination in the amount of $152. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet reflects these costs as a reduction of cash and cash equivalents, with a corresponding decrease in accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities. (See Note 3(a)(8) Cash and cash equivalents).
(3)Payment of transaction costs specific to SoFi related to the Business Combination in the amount of $3,259. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet reflects these costs as a reduction of cash and cash equivalents, with a corresponding decrease in accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities. (See Note 3(a)(7) Cash and cash equivalents).
(4)Recognition of SoFi’s capitalized expenses related to the Business Combination in the amount of $3,847 as a reduction to equity proceeds. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet reflects these costs as a decrease in other assets, with a corresponding decrease in additional paid-in capital. (See Note 3(f) Impact on equity).
(5)Payment of incremental expenses related to the Business Combination incurred through the Business Combination in the amount of $32,516. (See Note 3(a)(9) Cash and cash equivalents). The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet reflects these costs as a reduction of cash and cash equivalents, with a corresponding decrease in additional paid-in capital. (See Note 3(f) Impact on equity).
3(c)Trust Account. Represents release of the restricted investments and marketable securities held in the Trust Account upon consummation of the Business Combination to fund at the Closing of the Business Combination. (See Note 3(a)(1) Cash and cash equivalents).
3(d)Warrant liabilities. Represents conversion of the Series H warrants into warrants to purchase common stock of the Combined Company upon consummation of the Business Combination. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet reflects this adjustment as a reduction of accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities in the amount of $39,959, with a corresponding increase in additional paid-in capital (See Note 3(f) Impact on equity).
3(e)Payment of revolving credit facility. Represents funds from the Business Combination used to repay SoFi’s revolving credit facility in the amount of $486,047, including accrued interest in the amount of $47. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet reflects this payment as a reduction of debt in the amount of $486,000 and a reduction of accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities in the amount of $47, with a corresponding decrease in cash and cash equivalents. (See Note 3(a)(5) Cash and cash equivalents).
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COMBINED COMPANY
NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
3(f)Impact on equity. The following table represents the impact of the Business Combination on the number of Class A ordinary shares and represents the total equity section assuming no redemptions by SCH’s shareholders:
SCH / Combined Company ordinary sharesSoFi Common StockAccumulated other comprehensive lossAdditional paid-in capitalAccumulated deficitTotal permanent equity (deficit)SCH / Combined Company temporary equitySoFi temporary equity
Class AClass BClass A ordinary shares, subject to possible redemptionRedeemable preferred stockRedeemable preferred stock
NoteSharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmount
SCH equity as of December 31, 2020 – pre Business Combination
13,157,611 $20,125,000 $— $— $— $60,768 $(55,771)$5,000 67,342,389 $673,438 — $— — $— 
SoFi equity as of December 31, 2020 – pre Business Combination— — — — 66,034,174 — (166)579,228 (699,177)(120,115)— — — — 256,459,941 3,173,686 
Business Combination pro forma equity adjustments:

Conversion of redeemable preferred stock warrants
3(d)
— — — — — — — 39,959 — 39,959 — — — — — — 
Reclassification of SCH’s redeemable shares to Class A ordinary shares
67,342,389 — — — — — 673,431 — 673,438 (67,342,389)(673,438)— — — — 
Sponsor and related parties20,125,000 (20,125,000)(2)— — — — — — — — — — — — 
PIPE Financing proceeds – Sponsor and related parties
3(a)(2)
27,500,000 — — — — — 274,997 — 275,000 — — — — — — 
PIPE Financing proceeds – Third parties
3(a)(2)
95,000,000 — — — — — 949,991 — 950,000 — — — — — — 
Elimination of historical SoFi common stock
— — — — (66,034,174)— — — — — — — — — — — 
Elimination of historical SoFi redeemable preferred stock
— — — — — — — 2,853,312 — 2,853,312 — — — — (253,225,941)(2,853,312)
Conversion of Series 1 preferred shares
— — — — — — — — — — — — 3,234,000 320,374 (3,234,000)(320,374)
Shares issued to SoFi stockholders as consideration
581,455,394 58 — — — — — (150,058)— (150,000)15,000,000 150,000 — — — — 
Repurchase of common stock
3(a)(10)
— — — — — — — — — — (15,000,000)(150,000)— — — — 
SoFi’s capitalized expenses related to the Business Combination3(b)(4)— — — — — — — (3,847)— (3,847)
Estimated transaction costs
3(b)(5)
— — — — — — — (32,516)— (32,516)— — — — — — 
Payment related to SoFi preferred shareholders
3(a)(4)
— — — — — — — — (21,805)(21,805)— — — — — — 
Elimination of historical accumulated deficit of SCH
— — — — — — — (55,771)55,771 — — — — — — — 
Total Business Combination pro forma equity adjustments:
791,422,783 79 (20,125,000)(2)(66,034,174)— — 4,549,498 33,966 4,583,541 (67,342,389)(673,438)3,234,000 320,374 (256,459,941)(3,173,686)
Post-Business Combination
804,580,394 $80  $  $ $(166)$5,189,494 $(720,982)$4,468,426  $ 3,234,000 $320,374  $ 

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COMBINED COMPANY
NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
In case of maximum redemption by SCH’s shareholders, the following table represents the impact of the Business Combination on the number of SCH Class A ordinary shares and represents the total equity section:
SCH / Combined Company ordinary shares
SCH / Combined Company temporary equitySoFi temporary equity
Class A
Class B
SoFi Common Stock
Accumulated other comprehensive lossAdditional paid-in capitalAccumulated deficitTotal permanent equity (deficit)Class A ordinary shares, subject to possible redemptionRedeemable preferred stockRedeemable preferred stock
Note
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmount
SCH equity as of December 31, 2020 – pre Business Combination
13,157,611 $20,125,000 $— $— $— $60,768 $(55,771)$5,000 67,342,389 $673,438 — $— — $— 
SoFi equity as of December 31, 2020 – pre Business Combination— — — — 66,034,174 — (166)579,228 (699,177)(120,115)— — — — 256,459,941 3,173,686 
Business Combination pro forma equity adjustments:

Conversion of redeemable preferred stock warrants
3(d)
— — — — — — — 39,959 — 39,959 — — — — — — 
Reclassification of SCH’s redeemable shares to Class A ordinary shares
67,342,389 — — — — — 673,431 — 673,438 (67,342,389)(673,438)— — — — 
Sponsor and related parties
20,125,000 (20,125,000)(2)— — — — — — — — — — — — 
Less: Redemption of redeemable stock
3(a)(3)
(80,500,000)(8)— — — — — (805,009)— (805,017)— — — — — — 
PIPE Financing proceeds – Sponsor and related parties
3(a)(2)
27,500,000 — — — — — 274,997 — 275,000 — — — — — — 
PIPE Financing proceeds – Third parties
3(a)(2)
95,000,000 — — — — — 949,991 — 950,000 — — — — — — 
Elimination of historical SoFi common stock
— — — — (66,034,174)— — — — — — — — — — — 
Elimination of historical SoFi redeemable preferred stock
— — — — — — — 2,853,312 — 2,853,312 — — — — (253,225,941)(2,853,312)
Conversion of Series 1 preferred shares
— — — — — — — — — — — — 3,234,000 320,374 (3,234,000)(320,374)
Shares issued to SoFi stockholders as consideration
581,455,394 58 — — — — — (150,058)— (150,000)15,000,000 150,000 — — — — 
Repurchase of common stock
3(a)(10)
— — — — — — — — — — (15,000,000)(150,000)— — — — 
SoFi’s capitalized expenses related to the Business Combination
3(b)(4)
— — — — — — — (3,847)— (3,847)— — — — — — 
Estimated transaction costs3(b)(5)— — — — — — — (32,516)— (32,516)— — — — — — 
Payment related to SoFi preferred shareholders
3(a)(4)
— — — — — — — — (21,805)(21,805)— — — — — — 
Elimination of historical accumulated deficit of SCH— — — — — — — (55,771)55,771 — — — — — — — 
Total pro forma adjustments710,922,783 71 (20,125,000)(2)(66,034,174)— — 3,744,489 33,966 3,778,524 (67,342,389)(673,438)3,234,000 320,374 (256,459,941)(3,173,686)
Post-Business Combination
724,080,394 $72  $  $ $(166)$4,384,485 $(720,982)$3,663,409  $ 3,234,000 $320,374 — $— 
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COMBINED COMPANY
NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Adjustments to the Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2020
The transaction accounting adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 are as follows:
3(g) Exclusion of interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account. Represents elimination of interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account.
3(h) Interest expense. Represents elimination of the interest expense incurred during 2020 following the repayment of SoFi’s revolving credit facility in connection with the Business Combination (See Note 3(e) Payment of revolving credit facility).
3(i) Change in fair value of the warrant liabilities. Represents elimination of the change in fair value of the warrant liabilities as a result of conversion of the Series H warrants into warrants to purchase common stock of the Combined Company upon consummation of the Business Combination (See Note 3(d) Warrant liabilities).
3(j) Nonrecurring expense related to Special Payment. Reflects expense related to Special Payment in the amount of $21,805 (See Note 3(a)(4) Cash and cash equivalents) contemplated in Note 10 of the SoFi Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. The Special Payment is accounted for as an embedded derivative, which is not clearly and closely related to the host contract, and will be considered payable to Series 1 investors at Closing. Therefore, the initial measurement will be recognized in noninterest expense — general and administrative in SoFi’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).
3(k) Net loss per share. Represents pro forma net loss per share based on pro forma net loss and 804,580,394 and 724,080,394 total shares outstanding upon consummation of the Business Combination for no redemption and maximum redemption scenario, respectively. (See Note 3(f) Impact on equity). For each period presented, there is no difference between basic and diluted pro forma net loss per share, as the inclusion of all potential Class A ordinary shares of the Combined Company outstanding would have been anti-dilutive.
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INFORMATION ABOUT SCH
Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to the “Company”, “we”, “us” or “our” refer to SCH prior to the consummation of the Business Combination.
General
SCH is a blank check company incorporated on July 10, 2020 as a Cayman Islands exempted company and incorporated for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. Although SCH is not limited to a particular industry or sector for purposes of consummating a business combination, SCH focuses on businesses in the technology industries primarily located in the United States. SCH has neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenue to date. Based on SCH’s business activities, it is a “shell company” as defined under the Exchange Act because it has no operations and nominal assets consisting almost entirely of cash.
On October 14, 2020, SCH consummated its initial public offering of its units, with each unit consisting of one SCH Class A ordinary share and one-fourth of one public warrant, which included the full exercise by the underwriters of the over-allotment option. Simultaneously with the closing of the initial public offering, SCH completed the private sale of 8,000,000 private placement warrants at a purchase price of $2.00 per private placement warrant, to the Sponsor generating gross proceeds to us of $16.0 million. The private placement warrants are identical to the warrants sold as part of the units in SCH’s initial public offering except that, so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees: (1) they will not be redeemable by the Company; (2) they (including the shares issuable upon exercise of these warrants) may not, subject to certain limited exceptions, be transferred, assigned or sold by the Sponsor until 30 days after the completion of SCH’s initial business combination; (3) they may be exercised by the holders on a cashless basis; and (4) they (including the shares issuable upon exercise of these warrants) are entitled to registration rights.
Following the closing of SCH’s initial public offering, a total of $805 million ($10.00 per unit) of the net proceeds from its initial public offering and the sale of the private placement warrants were placed in the trust account. The proceeds held in the trust account may be invested by the trustee only in U.S. government treasury bills with a maturity of 185 days or less or in money market funds investing solely in U.S. Treasury securities and meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. As of December 31, 2020, funds in the trust account totaled $805.0 million. These funds will remain in the trust account, except for the withdrawal of interest to pay taxes, if any, until the earliest of (1) the completion of a business combination (including the Closing), (2) the redemption of any public shares properly tendered in connection with a shareholder vote to amend the Cayman Constitutional Documents to modify the substance or timing of SCH’s obligation to redeem 100% of the public shares if it does not complete a business combination by October 14, 2022 and (3) the redemption of all of the public shares if SCH is unable to complete a business combination by October 14, 2022 (or if such date is further extended at a duly called extraordinary general meeting, such later date), subject to applicable law.
Effecting SCH’s Initial Business Combination
Fair Market Value of Target Business
The rules of the NYSE require that SCH’s Business Combination must be with one or more operating businesses or assets with a fair market value equal to at least 80% of the net assets held in the trust account (net of amounts disbursed to management for the payment of taxes and excluding the amount of any deferred underwriting discount held in trust). SCH’s board of directors determined that this test was met in connection with the proposed Business Combination.
Shareholder Approval of Business Combination
SCH is seeking stockholder approval of the Business Combination at the extraordinary general meeting, at which shareholders may elect to redeem their shares, regardless of if or how they vote in respect of the BCA Proposal, into their pro rata portion of the trust account, calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of the Business Combination including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to us (net of taxes payable). SCH will consummate the Business Combination only if we have net tangible assets of at least $5,000,001 upon such consummation and the Condition Precedent Proposals are approved. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a public shareholder, together with any affiliate of such public shareholder or any other person with whom such public shareholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from redeeming its public shares with respect to more than an aggregate of 15% of the public shares. Accordingly, if a public shareholder, alone or acting in concert or as a
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group, seeks to redeem more than 15% of the public shares, then any such shares in excess of that 15% limit would not be redeemed for cash.
The Sponsor and each director of SCH have agreed to, among other things, vote in favor of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, in each case, subject to the terms and conditions contemplated by the Sponsor Support Agreement, and waive their redemption rights in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination with respect to any ordinary shares held by them. The ordinary shares held by the Sponsor will be excluded from the pro rata calculation used to determine the per- share redemption price. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor owns 20.0% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares.
At any time at or prior to the Business Combination, during a period when they are not then aware of any material nonpublic information regarding us or SCH’s securities, the Sponsor, SoFi Stockholders or our or their directors, officers, advisors or respective affiliates may purchase public shares from institutional and other investors who vote, or indicate an intention to vote, against any of the Condition Precedent Proposals, or execute agreements to purchase such shares from such investors in the future, or they may enter into transactions with such investors and others to provide them with incentives to acquire public shares or vote their public shares in favor of the Condition Precedent Proposals. Such a purchase may include a contractual acknowledgement that such shareholder, although still the record holder of SCH’s shares, is no longer the beneficial owner thereof and therefore agrees not to exercise its redemption rights. In the event that the Sponsor, SoFi Stockholders or our or their directors, officers, advisors or respective affiliates purchase shares in privately negotiated transactions from public shareholders who have already elected to exercise their redemption rights, such selling shareholder would be required to revoke their prior elections to redeem their shares. The purpose of such share purchases and other transactions would be to increase the likelihood of (1) satisfaction of the requirement that holders of a majority of the ordinary shares, represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at the extraordinary general meeting, vote in favor of the BCA Proposal, the Director Election Proposal, the Stock Issuance Proposal, the Incentive Plan Proposal, the Repurchase Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal, (2) satisfaction of the requirement that holders of at least two-thirds of the ordinary shares, represented in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at the extraordinary general meeting, vote in favor of the Domestication Proposal and the Organizational Documents Proposals, (3) satisfaction of the requirement that the Minimum Available Cash Amount condition is satisfied, (4) otherwise limiting the number of public shares electing to redeem and (5) SoFi Technologies’ net tangible assets (as determined in accordance with Rule 3a5 1(g)(1) of the Exchange Act) being at least $5,000,001.
Liquidation if No Business Combination
If SCH has not completed the Business Combination with SoFi by October 14, 2022 and has not completed another business combination by such date, in each case, as such date may be extended pursuant to SCH’s Cayman Constitutional Documents, SCH will: (1) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up; (2) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than 10 business days thereafter, redeem the 80,500,000 public shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including interest (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses and which interest will be net of taxes payable), divided by the number of then issued and outstanding public shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public shareholders’ rights as shareholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if any); and (3) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of SCH’s remaining shareholders and its board of directors, liquidate and dissolve, subject in each case to its obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law.
Sponsor has entered into a letter agreement with SCH, pursuant to which they have waived their rights to liquidating distributions from the trust account with respect to their SCH Class B ordinary shares if SCH fails to complete its business combination within the required time period. However, if Sponsor owns any public shares, they will be entitled to liquidating distributions from the trust account with respect to such public shares if SCH fails to complete its business combination within the allotted time period.
The Sponsor and SCH’s directors and officers have agreed, pursuant to a written agreement with SCH, that they will not propose any amendment to the Cayman Constitutional Documents (A) to modify the substance or timing of SCH’s obligation to allow for redemption in connection with SCH’s initial business combination or to redeem 100% of its public shares if it does not complete its business combination by October 14, 2022 or (B) with respect to any other provision relating to shareholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity, unless SCH provides its public shareholders with the opportunity to redeem their public shares upon approval of any such amendment at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including interest (which interest will be net of taxes payable), divided by the number of then outstanding public shares. However, SCH may not redeem its public shares in an amount that would cause our net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001 following such redemptions.
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SCH expects that all costs and expenses associated with implementing its plan of dissolution, as well as payments to any creditors, will be funded from amounts held outside the trust account, although it cannot assure you that there will be sufficient funds for such purpose. However, if those funds are not sufficient to cover the costs and expenses associated with implementing SCH’s plan of dissolution, to the extent that there is any interest accrued in the trust account not required to pay taxes, SCH may request the trustee to release to us an additional amount of up to $100,000 of such accrued interest to pay those costs and expenses.
The proceeds deposited in the trust account could, however, become subject to the claims of SCH’s creditors which would have higher priority than the claims of SCH’s public shareholders. SCH cannot assure you that the actual per-share redemption amount received by public shareholders will not be substantially less than $10.00. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Business Combination and SCH — If third parties bring claims against us, the proceeds held in the trust account could be reduced and the per share redemption amount received by shareholders may be less than $10.00 per share (which was the offering price in our initial public offering)” and other risk factors contained herein. While SCH intend to pay such amounts, if any, SCH cannot assure you that SCH will have funds sufficient to pay or provide for all creditors’ claims.
Although SCH will seek to have all vendors, service providers (other than SCH’s independent auditors), prospective target businesses and other entities with which SCH does business execute agreements with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies held in the trust account for the benefit of SCH’s public shareholders, there is no guarantee that they will execute such agreements or even if they execute such agreements that they would be prevented from bringing claims against the trust account including but not limited to fraudulent inducement, breach of fiduciary responsibility or other similar claims, as well as claims challenging the enforceability of the waiver, in each case in order to gain an advantage with respect to a claim against SCH’s assets, including the funds held in the trust account. If any third party refuses to execute an agreement waiving such claims to the monies held in the trust account, SCH’s management will perform an analysis of the alternatives available to it and will enter into an agreement with a third party that has not executed a waiver only if management believes that such third party’s engagement would be significantly more beneficial to us than any alternative. Examples of possible instances where SCH may engage a third party that refuses to execute a waiver include the engagement of a third-party consultant whose particular expertise or skills are believed by management to be significantly superior to those of other consultants that would agree to execute a waiver or in cases where SCH is unable to find a service provider willing to execute a waiver. In addition, there is no guarantee that such entities will agree to waive any claims they may have in the future as a result of, or arising out of, any negotiations, contracts or agreements with us and will not seek recourse against the trust account for any reason. Upon redemption of SCH’s public shares, if SCH has not completed SCH’s initial business combination within the required time period, or upon the exercise of a redemption right in connection with SCH’s initial business combination, SCH will be required to provide for payment of claims of creditors that were not waived that may be brought against us within the 10 years following redemption. In order to protect the amounts held in the trust account, the Sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to us if and to the extent any claims by a third party (other than SCH’s independent auditors) for services rendered or products sold to us, or a prospective target business with which SCH has discussed entering into a transaction agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the trust account to below (i) $10.00 per public share or (ii) such lesser amount per public share held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account, due to reductions in value of the trust assets, in each case net of the amount of interest which may be withdrawn to pay taxes, except as to any claims by a third party who executed a waiver of any and all rights to seek access to the trust account and except as to any claims under SCH’s indemnity of the underwriters of SCH’s initial public offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. In the event that an executed waiver is deemed to be unenforceable against a third party, then the Sponsor will not be responsible to the extent of any liability for such third-party claims. SCH has not independently verified whether the Sponsor has sufficient funds to satisfy its indemnity obligations and SCH believes that the Sponsor’s only assets are securities of SCH and, therefore, the Sponsor may not be able to satisfy those obligations. None of SCH’s other directors or officers will indemnify us for claims by third parties including, without limitation, claims by vendors and prospective target businesses.
In the event that the proceeds in the trust account are reduced below (i) $10.00 per public share or (ii) such lesser amount per public share held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account, due to reductions in value of the trust assets, in each case net of the amount of interest which may be withdrawn to pay taxes, and the Sponsor asserts that it is unable to satisfy its indemnification obligations or that it has no indemnification obligations related to a particular claim, SCH’s independent directors would determine whether to take legal action against the Sponsor to enforce its indemnification obligations. While SCH currently expects that SCH’s independent directors would take legal action on SCH’s behalf against the Sponsor to enforce its indemnification obligations to us, it is possible that SCH’s independent directors in exercising their business judgment may choose not to do so in any particular instance. Accordingly, SCH cannot assure you that due to claims of creditors the actual value of the per- share redemption price will not be substantially less than $10.00 per share. See Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Business Combination and SCH — If third parties bring claims against us, the proceeds held in
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the trust account could be reduced and the per share redemption amount received by shareholders may be less than $10.00 per share (which was the offering price in our initial public offering)” and other risk factors contained herein.
SCH will seek to reduce the possibility that the Sponsor will have to indemnify the trust account due to claims of creditors by endeavoring to have all vendors, service providers (other than SCH’s independent auditors), prospective target businesses and other entities with which SCH does business execute agreements with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to monies held in the trust account. The Sponsor will also not be liable as to any claims under SCH’s indemnity of the underwriters of the initial public offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
If SCH files a winding-up or bankruptcy petition or an involuntary winding-up or bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, the proceeds held in the trust account could be subject to applicable insolvency law, and may be included in SCH’s insolvency estate and subject to the claims of third parties with priority over the claims of SCH’s shareholders. To the extent any insolvency claims deplete the trust account, SCH cannot assure you SCH will be able to return $10.00 per share to SCH’s public shareholders. Additionally, if SCH files a winding-up or bankruptcy petition or an involuntary winding-up or bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, any distributions received by shareholders could be viewed under applicable debtor/creditor and/or insolvency laws as a voidable performance. As a result, a bankruptcy court could seek to recover some or all amounts received by SCH’s shareholders. Furthermore, SCH’s board of directors may be viewed as having breached its fiduciary duty to SCH’s creditors or may have acted in bad faith, and thereby exposing itself and us to claims of punitive damages, by paying public shareholders from the trust account prior to addressing the claims of creditors. SCH cannot assure you that claims will not be brought against us for these reasons. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Business Combination and SCH — If, after we distribute the proceeds in the trust account to our public shareholders, SCH files a bankruptcy petition or an involuntary bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, a bankruptcy court may seek to recover such proceeds, and we and our board of directors may be exposed to claims of punitive damages”.
SCH’s public shareholders will be entitled to receive funds from the trust account only upon the earliest to occur of: (1) SCH’s completion of an initial business combination, and then only in connection with those SCH Class A ordinary shares that such shareholder properly elected to redeem, subject to the limitations described herein; (2) the redemption of any public shares properly submitted in connection with a shareholder vote to amend the Cayman Constitutional Documents (A) to modify the substance or timing of SCH’s obligation to allow redemption in connection with SCH’s initial business combination or to redeem 100% of the public shares if SCH does not complete SCH’s initial business combination by October 14, 2022 or (B) with respect to any other provision relating to shareholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity; and (3) the redemption of the public shares if SCH has not completed an initial business combination by October 14, 2022, subject to applicable law. In no other circumstances will a shareholder have any right or interest of any kind to or in the trust account. Holders of SCH warrants will not have any right to the proceeds held in the trust account with respect to the SCH warrants.
Facilities
SCH currently maintains its executive offices at 317 University Ave, Suite 200, Palo Alto, CA 94301. The cost for this space is included in the $10,000 per month fee that SCH pays an affiliate of the Sponsor for office space, administrative and support services. SCH considers its current office space adequate for SCH’s current operations.
Upon consummation of the Business Combination, the principal executive offices of SoFi Technologies will be located at 234 1st Street, San Francisco, California 94105.
Employees
SCH currently has four officers. Members of SCH’s management team are not obligated to devote any specific number of hours to SCH’s matters but they intend to devote as much of their time as they deem necessary to SCH’s affairs until SCH has completed SCH’s initial business combination. The amount of time that any members of SCH’s management team will devote in any time period will vary based on whether a target business has been selected for SCH’s business combination and the current stage of the Business Combination process.
Competition
If SCH succeeds in effecting the Business Combination, there will be, in all likelihood, significant competition from SoFi’s competitors. SCH cannot assure you that, subsequent to the Business Combination, SoFi Technologies will have the resources or ability to compete effectively. Information regarding SoFi Technologies’ competition is set forth in the sections entitled “Information About SoFi — Competition”.
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Directors and Executive Officers
SCH’s current directors and officers are as follows:
Name
Age
Position
Chamath Palihapitiya
44
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors
Ian Osborne
37
President and Director
Steven Trieu
42
Chief Financial Officer
Simon Williams
40
General Counsel and Secretary
Jay Parikh
47
Director
Jennifer Dulski
49
Director
Chamath Palihapitiya
Mr. Chamath Palihapitiya has been SCH’s Chief Executive Officer and the Chairman of SCH’s board of directors since July 2020. Mr. Palihapitiya founded Social Capital in 2011 and has been its managing partner since its inception. Mr. Palihapitiya served as the Chief Executive Officer and the Chairman of the Board of Directors of IPOA from May 2017 until the consummation of its business combination with Virgin Galactic in October 2019, and continues to serve as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Virgin Galactic. Mr. Palihapitiya served as the Chief Executive Officer and the Chairman of the Board of Directors of both IPOB and IPOC from October 2019 until the consummation of their business combinations with Opendoor Labs Inc. in December 2020 and Clover Health in January 2021, respectively. Mr. Palihapitiya currently serves as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of IPOB, IPOC, IPOD and IPOF. Mr. Palihapitiya also served as a director of Slack Technologies Inc. from April 2014 until October 2019. Prior to founding Social Capital in 2011, Mr. Palihapitiya served as Vice President of User Growth at Facebook, and is recognized as having been a major force in its launch and growth. Mr. Palihapitiya was responsible for overseeing Monetization Products and Facebook Platform, both of which were key factors driving the increase in Facebook’s user base to more than 750 million individuals worldwide. Prior to working for Facebook, Mr. Palihapitiya was a principal at the Mayfield Fund, one of the United States’ oldest venture firms, before which he headed the instant messaging division at AOL. Mr. Palihapitiya graduated from the University of Waterloo, Canada with a degree in electrical engineering.
Ian Osborne
Mr. Ian Osborne has been a director of SCH and the President since July 2020. Mr. Osborne is the Co-founder and Chief Executive Officer of Hedosophia, an investment firm, which has invested in leading Internet and technology companies since 2012. Mr. Osborne served as a director of IPOA from May 2017 until the consummation of its business combination with Virgin Galactic in October 2019. Mr. Osborne served as President and a director of both IPOB and IPOC from October 2019 until the consummation of their business combinations with Opendoor Labs Inc. in December 2020 and Clover Health in January 2021, respectively. Mr. Osborne currently serves as President and a director of IPOB, IPOC, IPOD and IPOF. Mr. Osborne has advised leading Internet and technology companies, their founders and CEOs, since 2009. Mr. Osborne is also the indirect controlling shareholder and a director of Connaught, a financial advisory firm. From 2010 to 2012, Mr. Osborne was a Partner and Managing Director at DST Global, a family of funds investing in Internet companies, which was established in 2009 and which has notable successes including Alibaba, Airbnb, Facebook, Spotify and Twitter. Mr. Osborne was educated at St Paul’s School, King’s College London, and the London School of Economics.
Steven Trieu
Mr. Steven Trieu has been the Chief Financial Officer of SCH since July 2020. Mr. Trieu is a Partner and the Chief Financial Officer of Social Capital, an affiliate of the Company’s sponsor, since October 2017 and is responsible for overseeing the operations of Social Capital’s family of funds, management company and related entities. Mr. Trieu served as the Chief Financial Officer of IPOA from March 2019 until the consummation of its business combination with Virgin Galactic in October 2019. Mr. Trieu served as Chief Financial Officer of both IPOB and IPOC from October 2019 until the consummation of their business combinations with Opendoor Labs Inc. in December 2020 and Clover Health in January 2021, respectively. Mr. Trieu currently serves as Chief Financial Officer of IPOB, IPOC, IPOD and IPOF. Prior to joining Social Capital, Mr. Trieu was VP of Finance at Quora, Inc. from October 2011 to June 2016, where he was responsible for its day-to-day finance and legal operations. Prior to that, Mr. Trieu was Director, Finance and Business Operations at Facebook, Inc. from August 2007 to October 2011. Mr. Trieu led the formation of its initial business operations and sales finance teams. Mr. Trieu
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also previously held a similar role at Yahoo!, Inc., supporting its local markets and commerce divisions. Before that, Mr. Trieu spent time on Wall Street both as an investment banking and alternative investments associate. Mr. Trieu graduated from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst with a degree in finance and economics.
Simon Williams
Mr. Simon Williams has been the General Counsel and Secretary of SCH since July 2020. Mr. Williams has been Hedosophia’s Chief Administrative Officer since March 2017. Mr. Williams served as the General Counsel and Secretary of IPOA from May 2017 until the consummation of its business combination with Virgin Galactic in October 2019. Mr. Williams served as General Counsel and Secretary of both IPOB and IPOC from October 2019 until the consummation of their business combinations with Opendoor Labs Inc. in December 2020 and Clover Health in January 2021, respectively. Mr. Williams currently serves as General Counsel and Secretary of IPOB, IPOC,IPOD and IPOF. Prior to joining Hedosophia, Mr. Williams was legal counsel at Balderton Capital, a London-based venture firm focused on backing European-founded technology companies, from January 2015 to March 2017. Prior to working at Balderton Capital, Mr. Williams was an associate in the London offices of each of Covington & Burling LLP and Morrison & Foerster LLP. Mr. Williams is a solicitor, qualified in England & Wales, having attended Nottingham Law School. Mr. Williams holds an MA and BA from the University of Nottingham.
Jay Parikh
Mr. Jay Parikh has been a director of SCH since October 2020. Mr. Parikh has served as Head of Engineering at Facebook, Inc., since March 2014, supporting and scaling tech teams across the company. From November 2009 to March 2020, Mr. Parikh served as Vice President, Infrastructure, where he lead the global teams that design, develop, build, and operate the physical infrastructure and platforms (both software and hardware) necessary to power Facebook and its family of products and services, enabling the community to grow from 300 million users to over 3 billion users and providing users with their real-time experiences. From October 2007 to October 2009, Mr. Parikh served as Senior Vice President, Engineering & Operations at Ning, Inc., where he oversaw product development, core infrastructure, and operations for the company’s social networking platform. From April 1999 to October 2007, Mr. Parikh served as Vice President of Engineering at Akamai Technologies, Inc., where he helped build one of the world’s largest and most globally distributed computing platform. Mr. Parikh has served on the board of directors of Atlassian Corporation Plc since July 2013. Mr. Parikh received his Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical engineering from Virginia Tech. Mr. Parikh is well qualified to serve on our board of directors because of his extensive experience with technology and Internet companies and supporting and scaling businesses.
Jennifer Dulski
Ms. Jennifer Dulski has been a director of SCH since November 2020. Ms. Dulski has a wide range of executive experience including executive leadership roles at Facebook, Google and Yahoo!, and founder, CEO and president roles at early stage and scaling startups. She is currently CEO and founder of Rising Team, a SaaS company that empowers managers to build more engaged and successful teams. Prior to Rising Team, Ms. Dulski led Facebook Groups, used by more than 1.5 billion people each month to create and participate in communities that matter to them. Her team was responsible for envisioning, building and growing the Groups product. Before Facebook, Ms. Dulski was president & COO of Change.org, a social enterprise company that empowers people to create campaigns for change. Under her leadership, Change.org grew 10x, to nearly 200m users, developed a profitable business model, rebuilt its tech stack and supported thousands of successful campaigns globally. Prior to Change.org, Ms. Dulski was an early Yahoo! Employee and held a variety of roles over 9 years there. She ultimately led one of the six core business units as group VP & GM of Local and Marketplaces. Ms. Dulski left Yahoo! to become co-founder and CEO of The Dealmap, a location-based deals app that Google acquired in 2011, making her the first woman entrepreneur to sell a company to Google. She was a product leader at Google for nearly 2 years before joining Change. She currently serves on the boards of WW (formerly Weight Watchers), the Change.org Foundation and the Arctic Ice Project. Her previous board experience includes roles on two other public company boards, Move, Inc. and TEGNA. Ms. Dulski is also a lecturer in management at the Stanford Graduate School of Business and her first book, Purposeful, was published by Penguin Portfolio in 2018 and is a Wall Street Journal Bestseller.
Number, Terms of Office and Appointment of Directors and Officers
SCH’s board of directors consists of four members. Prior to our initial business combination, holders of SCH’s founder shares have the right to appoint all of our directors and remove members of the board of directors for any reason, and holders of SCH’s public shares do not have the right to vote on the appointment of directors during such time. These provisions of our Cayman Constitutional Documents may only be amended by a special resolution passed by a majority of at least 90% of our
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ordinary shares attending and voting in a general meeting. Each of SCH’s directors hold office for a two-year term. Subject to any other special rights applicable to the shareholders, any vacancies on SCH’s board of directors may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors present and voting at the meeting of SCH’s board of directors or by a majority of the holders of SCH’s ordinary shares (or, prior to SCH’s initial business combination, holders of SCH’s founder shares).
SCH’s officers are appointed by the board of directors and serve at the discretion of the board of directors, rather than for specific terms of office. SCH’s board of directors is authorized to appoint persons to the offices set forth in the Cayman Constitutional Documents, as it deems appropriate. The Cayman Constitutional Documents provide that SCH’s officers may consist of a Chairman, a Chief Executive Officer, a President, a Chief Operating Officer, a Chief Financial Officer, Vice Presidents, a Secretary, Assistant Secretaries, a Treasurer and such other offices as may be determined by the board of directors.
Director Independence
The rules of the NYSE require that a majority of SCH’s board of directors be independent. An “independent director” is defined generally as a person that, in the opinion of the company’s board of directors, has no material relationship with the listed company (either directly or as a partner, shareholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship with the company).
Audit committee members must also satisfy the independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act, and the listing standards of the NYSE. In addition, members of SCH’s compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee must also satisfy the independence criteria set forth under the listing standards of the NYSE.
SCH’s board has determined that each of Mr. Parikh and Ms. Dulski is an “independent director” under applicable SEC and NYSE rules.
SCH’s independent directors have regularly scheduled meetings at which only independent directors are present.
Executive Officer and Director Compensation
None of SCH’s directors or executive officers have received any cash compensation for services rendered to SCH. Commencing on October 9, 2020 through the earlier of the consummation of SCH’s initial business combination and SCH’s liquidation, SCH accrues an obligation to an affiliate of the Sponsor a total of $10,000 per month for office space, administrative and support services. The Sponsor, directors and executive officers, or any of their respective affiliates are reimbursed for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with activities on our behalf such as identifying potential target businesses and performing due diligence on suitable business combinations. SCH’s audit committee reviews on a quarterly basis all payments that were made by SCH to the Sponsor, directors, executive officers or SCH or any of their affiliates. In September 2020, the Sponsor transferred 100,000 founder shares Jay Parikh at their original per-share purchase price. On November 13, 2020, SCH entered into a director restricted stock unit award agreement (the “Director RSU Award”), with Ms. Dulski, providing for the grant of 100,000 restricted stock units to Ms. Dulski, which grant is contingent on both the consummation of an initial business combination with SCH and a shareholder approved equity plan. The Director RSU Award will vest at the Closing but will not settle into shares of SoFi Technologies common stock until a date, selected by SoFi Technologies, that occurs between January 1 and December 31 of the year following the Closing.
SCH is not party to any agreements with its directors or officers that provide for benefits upon termination of employment. The existence or terms of any such employment or consulting arrangements may influence SCH’s management’s motivation in identifying or selecting a target business and SCH does not believe that the ability of its management to remain with it after the consummation of its initial business combination should be a determining factor in its decision to proceed with any business combination.
Legal Proceedings
In connection with the Business Combination, certain purported shareholders of SCH have filed lawsuits, including those described below, and other shareholders have threatened to file lawsuits alleging breaches of fiduciary duty and violations of the disclosure requirements of the Exchange Act. SCH believes that these allegations are without merit. These cases are in the early stages and SCH is unable to reasonably determine the outcome or estimate any potential losses, and, as such, has not recorded a loss contingency.
On January 28, 2021, Tim Holtom (“Holtom”), a purported stockholder of SCH, filed a lawsuit in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, captioned Tim Holtom v. Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V, et al., case
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number 650647/2021, against SCH and the members of its board of directors (the “Holtom Complaint”). The Holtom Complaint asserts a breach of fiduciary duty claim against the individual defendants and an aiding and abetting claim against SCH. The Holtom Complaint alleges, among other things, that (i) the merger consideration is unfair, and (ii) the registration statement on Form S-4 filed with the SEC on January 11, 2021 regarding the proposed transaction involving SoFi (the “Registration Statement”) is materially misleading and incomplete. The Holtom Complaint seeks, among other things, to enjoin the proposed Business Combination, rescind the transaction or award rescissory damages to the extent it is consummated, and an award of attorneys’ fees and expenses.
On January 29, 2021, Ryan Heitt (“Heitt”), a purported stockholder of SCH, filed a lawsuit in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, captioned Ryan Heitt v. Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings Corp. V, et al., case number 650685/2021 against the members of its board of directors, Merger Sub and SoFi (the “Heitt Complaint”). The Heitt Complaint asserts a breach of fiduciary duty claim against the individual defendants and an aiding and abetting claim against SCH, Merger Sub and SoFi. The Heitt Complaint alleges, among other things, that the Registration Statement is materially misleading and incomplete. The Heitt Complaint seeks, among other things, to enjoin the proposed Business Combination, rescind the transaction or award rescissory damages to the extent it is consummated, and an award of attorneys’ fees and expenses.
On February 3, 2021, counsel to Holtom and Heitt sent a joint letter to SCH's counsel (the “Joint Demand”), alleging that they “have identified several disclosure deficiencies” in the Registration Statement, and demanding that SCH issue corrective disclosures with regard to certain enumerated items. The Joint Demand asserts that a failure to issue the requested disclosures will expose SCH and its board of directors to liability.
The parties resolved the allegations made by Holtom and Heitt and discontinuances of the lawsuits commenced by Holtom and Heitt are expected to be filed shortly.
On February 15, 2021, Brian Levy, a purported stockholder of SCH, filed a lawsuit in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of Nassau, captioned Brian Levy v. Jennifer Dulski, et al., case number 601778/2021, against the members of SCH's board of directors, SoFi, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (the "Levy Complaint"). The lawsuit was filed by Levy individually, and derivatively on behalf of nominal defendant SCH. The Levy Complaint alleges, among other things, that (i) the merger consideration is unfair, and (ii) the Registration Statement is materially misleading and incomplete. The Levy Complaint asserts: (i) a derivative claim for breach of fiduciary duty against the individual defendants; (ii) a derivative claim for causing SCH to fail to disclose material information against the individual defendants; (iii) a derivative claim for aiding and abetting the breaches of fiduciary duties against SoFi, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC; (iv) an individual claim for negligent misrepresentation and concealment against all defendants; and (v) an individual claim for fraudulent misrepresentation and concealment against all defendants. The Levy Complaint seeks, among other things, to enjoin the proposed Business Combination, an award of compensatory and/or recessionary damages, and an award of attorneys' fees and expenses.
The parties resolved the allegations made by Levy, and a Stipulation and Order dismissing the lawsuit filed by Levy was signed by the Court on April 19, 2021.
Periodic Reporting and Audited Financial Statements
SCH has registered its securities under the Exchange Act and has reporting obligations, including the requirement to file annual and quarterly reports with the SEC. In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, SCH’s annual reports contain financial statements audited and reported on by SCH’s independent registered public accounting firm. SCH has filed with the SEC its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 and its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q covering the period from July 10, 2020 (inception) through September 30, 2020.
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SCH’S MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to the “we”, “us”, “our”, the “Company” or “SCH” refer to SCH prior to the consummation of the Business Combination. The following discussion and analysis of SCH’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with SCH’s consolidated financial statements and notes to those statements included in this proxy statement/prospectus. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. SCH’s actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. Please see “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward- Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” in this proxy statement/prospectus.
Overview
We are a blank check company incorporated on July 10, 2020 as a Cayman Islands exempted company and incorporated for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. We reviewed a number of opportunities to enter into a business combination with an operating business, and entered into the Merger Agreement on January 7, 2021. We intend to finance the Business Combination through shares of SoFi Technologies common stock issued to SoFi Stockholders and the PIPE Investors.
The issuance of additional shares in a business combination:
may significantly dilute the equity interest of investors, which dilution would increase if the anti- dilution provisions in the SCH Class B ordinary shares resulted in the issuance of SCH Class A ordinary shares on a greater than one-to-one basis upon conversion of the SCH Class B ordinary shares;
may subordinate the rights of holders of ordinary shares if preferred shares are issued with rights senior to those afforded our ordinary shares;
could cause a change of control if a substantial number of our ordinary shares is issued, which may affect, among other things, our ability to use our net operating loss carry forwards, if any, and could result in the resignation or removal of our present directors and officers;
may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of us by diluting the share ownership or voting rights of a person seeking to obtain control of us;
may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our ordinary shares and/or warrants; and
may not result in adjustment to the exercise price of our warrants.
Similarly, if we issue debt securities or otherwise incur significant indebtedness, it could result in:
default and foreclosure on our assets if our operating revenues after an initial business combination are insufficient to repay our debt obligations;
acceleration of our obligations to repay the indebtedness even if we make all principal and interest payments when due if we breach certain covenants that require the maintenance of certain financial ratios or reserves without a waiver or renegotiation of that covenant;
our immediate payment of all principal and accrued interest, if any, if the debt is payable on demand;
our inability to obtain necessary additional financing if the debt contains covenants restricting our ability to obtain such financing while the debt is outstanding;
our inability to pay dividends on our ordinary shares;
using a substantial portion of our cash flow to pay principal and interest on our debt, which will reduce the funds available for dividends on our ordinary shares if declared, expenses, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes;
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limitations on our flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in our business and in the industry in which we operate;
increased vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions and adverse changes in government regulation; and
limitations on our ability to borrow additional amounts for expenses, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements, execution of our strategy and other purposes and other disadvantages compared to our competitors who have less debt.
We have incurred, and expect to incur, significant costs in the pursuit of our acquisition plans. We cannot assure you that our plans to raise capital or to complete a business combination will be successful.
Results of Operations
We have neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenues to date. Our only activities from July 10, 2020 (inception) to December 31, 2020 were organizational activities and those necessary to consummate our initial public offering, described below, and identifying a target company for a business combination. We do not expect to generate any operating revenues until after the completion of our business combination. We have generated and expected to generate non-operating income in the form of interest income on marketable securities held after our initial public offering. We have incurred and expect to incur expenses as a result of being a public company (for legal, financial reporting, accounting and auditing compliance), as well as for due diligence expenses. Additionally, we recognize non-cash gains and losses within other income (expense) related to changes in recurring fair value measurement of our warrant liabilities at each reporting period.
For the period from July 10, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020, we had a net loss of $55,771,393, which consists of changes in fair value of warrant liabilities of $55,125,000 and operating and formation costs of $663,611 offset by interest income on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $17,218 and the loss from the change in fair value of warrant liabilities of $55,125,000.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Until the consummation of the initial public offering, our only source of liquidity was an initial purchase of ordinary shares by the Sponsor and loans from our Sponsor.
On October 14, 2020, we consummated the initial public offering of 80,500,000 SCH units, inclusive of the underwriters’ election to fully exercise their option to purchase an additional 10,500,000 SCH units, at a price of $10.00 per unit, generating gross proceeds of $805,000,000. Simultaneously with the closing of the initial public offering, we consummated the sale of 8,000,000 private placement warrants to the Sponsor at a price of $2.00 per private placement warrant generating gross proceeds of $16,000,000.
Following the initial public offering, the exercise of the over-allotment option in full and the sale of the private placement warrants, a total of $805,000,000 was placed in the trust account, and we had $1,681,999 of cash held outside of the trust account, after payment of costs related to the initial public offering, and available for working capital purposes. We incurred $42,659,062 in transaction costs, including $14,000,000 of underwriting fees paid to Credit Suisse (of which 10% was reimbursed to cover the financial advisory fee paid to Connaught), $28,175,000 of deferred underwriting fees payable to Credit Suisse (of which 20% will be reimbursed to cover the deferred financial advisory fee payable to Connaught) and $484,062 of other costs. Credit Suisse, Connaught and their respective affiliates have engaged in, and may in the future engage in, investment banking and other commercial dealings in the ordinary course of business with us, our affiliates or SoFi. They have received, or may in the future receive, customary fees and commissions for these transactions.
For the period from July 10, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020, net cash used in operating activities was $1,286,224. Net loss of $55,771,393 was impacted by the change in fair value of warrant liabilities of $55,125,000 and interest earned on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $17,218. Changes in operating assets and liabilities used $622,613 of cash from operating activities and the loss from the change in fair value of warrant liabilities of $55,125,000.
As of December 31, 2020, we had cash and marketable securities held in the trust account of $805,017,218. We may withdraw interest to pay our income taxes, if any. We intend to use substantially all of the funds held in the trust account, including any amounts representing interest earned on the trust account, excluding deferred underwriting commissions, to
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complete our initial business combination. We may withdraw interest from the trust account to pay taxes, if any. To the extent that our share capital or debt is used, in whole or in part, as consideration to complete our initial business combination, the remaining proceeds held in the trust account will be used as working capital to finance the operations of the target business or businesses, make other acquisitions and pursue our growth strategies.
As of December 31, 2020, we had cash of $259,714 held outside the trust account. We intend to use the funds held outside the trust account primarily to identify and evaluate target businesses, perform business due diligence on prospective target businesses, travel to and from the offices, plants or similar locations of prospective target businesses or their representatives or owners, review corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses, structure, negotiate and complete our initial business combination.
In order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costs in connection with our initial business combination, our Sponsor or an affiliate of our Sponsor or certain of our officers and directors may, but are not obligated to (other than pursuant to the promissory note described below), loan us additional funds as may be required. If we complete our initial business combination, we may repay such loaned amounts out of the proceeds of the trust account released to us. In the event that our initial business combination does not close, we may use a portion of the working capital held outside the trust account to repay such loaned amounts, but no proceeds from our trust account would be used for such repayment. Up to $2,500,000 of such loans may be convertible into warrants, at a price of $2.00 per warrant, at the option of the lender. The warrants would be identical to the private placement warrants.
On January 11, 2021, we issued a promissory note to Sponsor (the “Promissory Note”), pursuant to which we may borrow up to an aggregate principal amount of $2,500,000. The Promissory Note is non-interest bearing and payable on the earlier of (i) October 14, 2022 and (ii) the completion of the Business Combination. As of the Company’s most recently filed 10-K, the Company has drawn $1,415,000 under the Promissory Note.
We may need to raise additional capital through loans or additional investments from the Sponsor, our officers, our directors, or third parties. Our officers, directors and Sponsor may, but are not obligated to, loan us additional funds, from time to time or at any time, (other than pursuant to the promissory note), to meet our working capital needs. Accordingly, we may not be able to obtain additional financing. If we are unable to raise additional capital, we may be required to take additional measures to conserve liquidity, which could include, but not necessarily be limited to, curtailing operations, suspending the pursuit of a potential transaction, and reducing overhead expenses. We cannot provide any assurance that new financing will be available to us on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
Off-Balance Sheet Financing Arrangements
We have no obligations, assets or liabilities, which would be considered off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2020. We do not participate in transactions that create relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, often referred to as variable interest entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements. We have not entered into any off-balance sheet financing arrangements, established any special purpose entities, guaranteed any debt or commitments of other entities, or purchased any non-financial assets.
Contractual Obligations
We do not have any long-term debt, capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations or long-term liabilities, other than an agreement to pay an affiliate of the Sponsor a monthly fee of $10,000 for office space, administrative and support services, provided to the Company. We began incurring these fees on October 14, 2020 and will continue to incur these fees monthly until the earlier of the completion of a Business Combination and the Company’s liquidation.
The underwriters are entitled to a deferred fee of $0.35 per unit, or $28,175,000 in the aggregate. The deferred fee will become payable to the underwriters from the amounts held in the Trust Account solely in the event that we complete a business combination, subject to the terms of the underwriting agreement.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and income and
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expenses during the periods reported. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. We have identified the following critical accounting policies:
Warrant Liabilities
We account for the warrants issued in connection with our initial public offering in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815-40, “Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity” (“ASC 815”), under which the warrants do not meet the criteria for equity classification and must be recorded as liabilities. As the warrants meet the definition of a derivative as contemplated in ASC 815, the Warrants are measured at fair value at inception and at each reporting date in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, with changes in fair value recognized in the Statement of Operations in the period of change.
SCH Class A Ordinary Shares Subject to Possible Redemption
We account for our ordinary shares subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity”. Ordinary shares subject to mandatory redemption are classified as a liability instrument and are measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable ordinary shares (including ordinary shares that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within our control) are classified as temporary equity. At all other times, ordinary shares are classified as shareholders’ equity. Our ordinary shares feature certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of our control and subject to occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, ordinary shares subject to possible redemption are presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the shareholders’ equity section of our condensed balance sheets.
Net Loss Per Ordinary Share
We apply the two-class method in calculating earnings per share. Net income (loss) per common share, basic and diluted for Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption is calculated by dividing the interest income earned on the Trust Account, net of applicable taxes, if any, by the weighted average number of shares of Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption outstanding for the period. Net income (loss) per ordinary, basic and diluted for and non-redeemable common stock is calculated by dividing net loss less income attributable to Class A Ordinary shares subject to possible redemption, by the weighted average number of shares of non-redeemable ordinary shares outstanding for the period presented.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on our condensed financial statements.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
As of December 31, 2020, we were not subject to any market or interest rate risk. Following the consummation of our initial public offering, the net proceeds of our initial public offering, including amounts in the trust account, have been invested in certain U.S. government securities with a maturity of 185 days or less or in certain money market funds that invest solely in U.S. treasuries. Due to the short-term nature of these investments, we believe there will be no associated material exposure to interest rate risk.
Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2020. Based upon their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our
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disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15 (e) and 15d-15 (e) under the Exchange Act) were not effective, due solely to the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting described below in “Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting”. In light of this material weakness, we performed additional analysis as deemed necessary to ensure that our financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Accordingly, management believes that the financial statements included in this proxy statement/prospectus present fairly in all material respects our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the period presented.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period from July 10, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting, as the circumstances that led to the restatement of our financial statements described herein had not yet been identified. Due solely to the events that led to the Company’s restatement of its financial statements, management has identified a material weakness in internal controls related to the accounting for warrants issued in connection with our initial public offering, as described in Note 2 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements entitled “Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements”.
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INFORMATION ABOUT SOFI
Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our” refer to the business of Social Finance, Inc. and its subsidiaries prior to the consummation of the Business Combination.
Company Overview
We are a member-centric, one-stop shop for financial services that allows members to borrow, save, spend, invest and protect their money. Our mission is to help our members achieve financial independence in order to realize their ambitions. To us, financial independence does not mean being wealthy, but rather represents the ability of our members to have the financial means to achieve their personal objectives at each stage of life, such as owning a home, having a family, or having a career of their choice — more simply stated, to have enough money to do what they want. We were founded in 2011 and have developed a comprehensive suite of financial products that offers the speed, selection, content and convenience that only an integrated digital platform can provide.
In order for us to achieve our mission, we have to help people get their money right, which means providing them with the ability to borrow better, save better, spend better, invest better and protect better. Everything we do today is geared toward helping our members “Get Your Money Right” and we strive to innovate and build ways for our members to achieve this goal.
We believe that consumers with high earnings and very good credit are underserved by the disparate financial services offerings available in today’s market. There are 500 million U.S. accounts in FDIC insured banks today and approximately 50% of those accounts are with the largest 15 U.S. banks. In addition, more than 50% of Americans use more than one bank for their financial services, and a majority of these people cite the lack of a single platform capable of providing the services and solutions they need as the reason. Based on the market capitalization of leading U.S. financial institutions, we estimate the market for financial services to be approximately $2.0 trillion today, representing a substantial and compelling opportunity for us to attract members to our digital native, technology-driven platform with products and services that satisfy the needs of members at every important financial decision in their lives.
We have created an innovative financial services platform designed to offer best-in-class products to meet the broad objectives of our members and the lifecycle of their financial needs. Since our inception and through December 31, 2020, we have served more than 1.8 million members who have used more than 2.5 million products on our platform. We define a member as someone who has a lending relationship with us through origination or servicing, opened a financial services account, linked an external account to our platform, or signed up for our credit score monitoring service. Once someone becomes a member, they are always considered a member unless they violate our terms of service. This means that our members have continuous access to our CFPs, our career advice services, our member events, all of our content, educational material, news, tools and calculators at no cost to the member. Additionally, our mobile app and website have been designed with a member home feed that is personalized and delivers content to a member about what they must do that day in their financial life, what they should consider doing that day in their financial life, and what they can do that day in their financial life. We have experienced accelerating year-over-year member growth for the past six consecutive quarters. We believe we have just scratched the surface, and that we are in the early stages of the digital transformation of financial services. As a result, we have a substantial opportunity to continue to grow our member base and increase the number of products members use on our platform.
Our Differentiation
In order to build best-in-class offerings, we focus on four differentiators: fast, selection, content and convenience.
(1)Fast — We aspire to be the fastest place for our members to responsibly do anything, whether it’s applying for a loan, getting a funded loan, opening an account, buying or selling a stock, uploading a mobile check, getting access to money, paying a friend, or accessing relevant financial content. Our products are all digital and we have a culture of iteration to help drive faster and faster services.
(2)Selection — Given the digital nature of our products, the permutations of features and services that can be made available to our members across their needs to borrow, save, spend, invest and protect are significant. We will continue to iterate, learn and innovate to broaden our selection in the same way we did by providing our members with the ability to buy single stocks without commissions, purchase fractional shares, invest in SoFi proprietary robo-advisory portfolios, and invest in SoFi-branded Exchange-Traded Funds.
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(3)Content — Our financial education, insights, research content, actionable tools and advice are designed to provide meaningful value for our members. Our carefully-crafted and personalized content is offered through our member home feed and is designed to help our members get their money right. We strive to provide digestible financial education, meaningful answers, salient information, advice, credit scores, financial calculators, investment research and financial news that enhance member loyalty and increase the likelihood that members will use additional SoFi products in the future.
(4)Convenience — We hold ourselves accountable to providing the most convenient member experience possible in terms of ease of use, ubiquity, functionality, simplicity and responsive customer service. Our long-term goal is to provide the most convenient 24x7 service and dispel the historical construct of financial service availability based on 9-5 Monday through Friday.
Each product we offer is delivered in a member-centric way and is built and enhanced with these differentiators in mind. We believe that our member-centric one stop shop for financial services serves as a competitive differentiator for us relative to other financial services providers.
We offer our members a full suite of financial products and services all in one common mobile platform. To complement these products and services, we believe in building vertically-integrated technology platforms designed to manage and deliver the suite of solutions to our members in a low-cost and differentiated manner.
Lending Solutions:   We offer multiple loan products, such as student loans, personal loans and home loans, designed to serve the lifecycle needs of our members. Since our inception through December 31, 2020, we have originated $60 billion of loans and believe our proprietary underwriting models predicated on data and scale help us better understand and manage risk and help us achieve a potential gain on sale through our whole loan or securitizations channels.
Financial Services Solutions:   We offer a suite of financial services solutions, including cash management and investment services across our SoFi Money, SoFi Invest, SoFi Credit Card and SoFi Relay products. SoFi Money is a digitally-native, mobile cash management experience for our members. SoFi Invest is a mobile-first investment platform offering members access to trading and advisory solutions, such as active investing, robo-advisory and cryptocurrency accounts. SoFi Credit Card offers a rewards program that provides double the rewards when the cardholder redeems them into SoFi Money, SoFi Invest or SoFi personal or student loans. To complement these products, we offer financial tracking through SoFi Relay, and partner with other enterprises through loan referrals and our SoFi At Work service. We have also developed a financial services marketplace platform branded Lantern Credit to help applicants that do not qualify for SoFi products with alternative products, as well as providing a product comparison experience.
Our Strategy 
The Financial Services Productivity Loop
We believe that gaining our members’ trust and developing a relationship with our members is central to our success as a financial services platform. Moreover, we believe that some of the current frictions faced by other financial institutions are caused by a disjointed and non-seamless product experience, and an inability to offer a comprehensive, integrated suite of products in one digital native experience to meet a customer’s holistic financial needs. Through our mobile technology and continuous effort to improve each of our financial services offerings, we believe we are building a digital mobile native financial services platform that members can access for all of their financial services needs.
Our strategy, what we refer to as the “Financial Services Productivity Loop”, is centered around building trust and a lifetime relationship with our members, which we believe will help build a sustainable competitive advantage. In order to deliver on our strategy, we must develop best in class unit economics and best in class products that build trust and reliability between our members and our platform. When we do this on a member’s first product, and they later consider using a second product, they are more likely to start with our platform and we have a higher chance that they will select one of our products to meet their other financial needs. This results in delivering more revenue per member with no second member acquisition costs, resulting in higher lifetime value per member. This also reinforces the benefits of our platform, which simplifies the entire financial ecosystem for our members, helping them get their money right. We are able to use the increased profits to further improve member benefits and product experience.
We believe we are in the early stages of realizing the benefits of the Financial Services Productivity Loop, as increasing numbers of our members are using multiple products on our platform. From the fourth quarter of 2019 to the fourth quarter of
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2020, the number of our members who have used more than one of our product offerings grew from approximately 125,000 to over 400,000. During the fourth quarter of 2020, 69% of new home loans originated were made to existing members on our platform, enabling us to realize revenue from these members at a substantially lower cost of member acquisition.
In addition to realizing the benefits of more of our members adopting multiple SoFi products, both in terms of additional revenue and lower member acquisition costs per product, the Financial Services Productivity Loop strategy delivers operating and technology efficiencies to deliver better unit economics on a per product basis. One of the success factors of our lending business is that it is vertically integrated across our technology stack, risk protocols and operations processes. This vertical integration has led to strong lending unit economics and fourth quarter 2020 contribution profit margin of 57%, which is defined as contribution profit divided by total net revenue for the Lending segment.
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We believe that by participating in the entire technology ecosystem powering digital financial services, we not only reduce costs to operate our member-centric business, but also deliver increasing value to our enterprise customers. To that end, in May 2020, we acquired Galileo, which has allowed us to vertically integrate across more of our financial services, which we believe will help us achieve better unit economics.
National Bank Charter
A key element of our long-term strategy is to secure a national bank charter through the establishment of a de novo bank or through the acquisition of a national bank. In October 2020, the OCC issued preliminary conditional approval of our application to be chartered as a de novo national bank. Final OCC approval is subject to a number of preopening requirements. As an alternative to establishing a de novo bank, we evaluated the acquisition of a national bank. In March 2021, we entered into an agreement to acquire Golden Pacific Bancorp, Inc., a bank holding company, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Golden Pacific Bank, National Association, a national bank, for a total cash purchase price of $22.3 million. The acquisition will be subject to approval from the Federal Reserve and the OCC. In March 2021, we submitted an application to the Federal Reserve to become a bank holding company.
In order to be compliant with all applicable regulations, to operate to the satisfaction of the banking regulators, and to successfully execute our business plan for the bank, SoFi has been building out the required infrastructure to run the bank and to operate as a bank holding company. This effort spans our people and organization, technology, marketing/product management, risk management, compliance, and control functions. We have invested and expect to continue to invest substantial time, money and human resources towards bank readiness, and towards the regulatory approval process. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we incurred direct costs associated with securing a national bank charter of $3.7 million, which consisted primarily of professional fees and compensation and benefits costs. While largely dependent on the timing of the regulatory approvals, we estimate that we could incur additional costs of up to $5 million through the remainder of the regulatory approval process.
See “SoFi’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — National Bank Charter” for our expectations of costs associated with the operation of a national bank after securing a national bank charter.
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Our Products
We offer a suite of financial products all in one digital native application to help members get their money right. In 2011, we started our company with an innovative approach to the private student loan market and later expanded our lending product offerings to include personal loans and home loans. Over the last two years, we have expanded our overall strategy to not only include products that enable our members to borrow better, but also to save better, spend better, invest better and protect better. In the first quarter of 2019, we launched SoFi Money, SoFi Invest and SoFi Relay. In that same quarter, we also redesigned our end-to-end approach to mortgage lending and relaunched home loans. In the third quarter of 2019, we introduced in-school loans and in the third quarter of 2020, we launched SoFi Credit Card, which was expanded to a broader market in the fourth quarter of 2020.
In addition, we built a social area within our mobile application, which we refer to as the member home feed. In the member home feed, we show our members what is happening in their financial lives through personalized cards with relevant content, news and tools. Our goal is for these cards to help our members answer three questions every day: what must you do in your financial life; what should you consider doing in your financial life; and what can you do in your financial life. Through the member home feed, there are significant opportunities to build frequent engagement and, to date, the member home feed has been an important and additional driver of new product adoption. The member home feed is an important part of our strategy and our ability to use data as a competitive advantage.
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Lending Segment
Our origins are in student loans. On the strength of our capabilities in student lending, we expanded into personal loans and home loans and, since 2011 through December 31, 2020, we have originated $60 billion of loans. We believe that our market opportunity within each of these lending channels is significant. Our lending process primarily leverages an in-application, digital borrowing experience, which we believe serves as a competitive advantage as digital lending becomes increasingly ubiquitous.
Student Loans.   We primarily operate in the student loan refinance space, with a focus on super-prime graduate school loans. Recently, we expanded into “in-school” lending, which allows members to borrow funds while they attend school. We offer flexible loan sizes and repayment options, as well as competitive rates, on our student loan refinancing and in-school loan products. See below for additional information on our student loan terms. The weighted average origination FICO of our student loan refinancing and in-school loan members who took out a loan in the fourth quarter of 2020 was 770 and 783, respectively.
Personal Loans.   We primarily originate personal loans for debt consolidation purposes and home improvement projects. We offer fixed and variable rate loans with no origination fees and flexible repayment terms, such as unemployment protection. See below for additional information on our personal loan terms. The weighted average origination FICO of our personal loan
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members who took out a loan in the fourth quarter of 2020 was 765. There are other personal loan purposes or channels that we have not aggressively pursued, which we believe could represent opportunities for us in the future.
Home Loans.   We have historically offered agency and non-agency loans for members purchasing a home or refinancing an existing mortgage. On our home loan products, we offer competitive rates, flexible down-payment options for as little as 5% and educational tools and calculators. See below for additional information on our home loan terms. The weighted average origination FICO of our home loan members who took out a loan in the fourth quarter of 2020 was 763.
A key element of our underwriting process is the ability to facilitate risk-based interest rates that are appropriate for each loan. Using SoFi’s proprietary risk models, we project quarterly loan performance results, including expected losses and prepayments. The outcome of this process helps us determine a more data-driven, risk-based interest rate that we can offer our members.
SoFi has built a comprehensive underwriting process across each lending product that is focused on willingness to pay (credit), ability to pay (income verification), and capacity to pay (debt service in relation to other loans). Our student loan and personal loan underwriting models consider credit reports, industry credit and bankruptcy prediction models, custom credit assessment models, and debt capacity analysis, as indicated by borrower free cash flow (defined as borrower monthly net income less revolving and installment payments less housing payments). Our minimum FICO requirements are 650 for student loan refinancing, 680 for in-school loans (primary or co-signer) and 680 for personal loans. Home loans originated by SoFi that are agency conforming loans are subject to Automated Underwriting System credit, debt service, and collateral eligibility established by Fannie Mae. Existing members generally experience a higher approval rate than new members, subject to the member being in good standing on their existing products. Home loans originated by SoFi that are non-agency are subject to SoFi Home Loans credit criteria, including minimum tri-bureau credit score, established credit history requirements, income verification, as well as maximum qualified mortgage limits on debt to income service and caps on LTV (loan to value) based on an accredited appraisal. We also leverage SoFi data to allow existing members to have a streamlined application process through automation.
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The following table presents additional information on our terms for our lending products as of December 31, 2020:
ProductLoan Size
Rates(1)
Term
Student Loan Refinancing
$5,000+ (2)
Variable rate: 2.25% – 6.43%5 – 20 years
Fixed rate: 2.99% – 6.88%
In-School Loans
$5,000+ (2)
Variable rate: 1.87% – 11.66%5 – 15 years
Fixed rate: 4.23% – 11.26%
Personal Loans
$5,000 – $100,000 (2)
Fixed rate: 5.99% – 25.04%2 – 7 years
Home Loans$100,000 – $510,400
(Conforming 2020 Normal Cost Areas)
Fixed rate: 1.88% – 5.88%15 or 30 years
OR
$765,600 (2)
(Conforming 2020 High Cost Areas)
15 or 30 years
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(1)Loan annual percentage rates presented reflect an auto-pay discount.
(2)Minimum loan size may be higher within certain states due to legal or licensing requirements.

Our lending business is primarily a gain-on-sale model, whereby we seek to originate loans at an efficient cost and profit on these loans when we sell them into either our whole loan or securitization channels, the former of which are primarily comprised of large financial institutions, such as bank holding companies. We aim to sell our loans at a premium to par, which compensates us for the costs to originate the loans and provides us a profit. Prior to selling our loans, we hold our loans on our consolidated balance sheets at fair value and primarily rely upon warehouse financing and our own capital to enable us to expand our origination capabilities. We finance our personal loans, home loans and student loans via a combination of warehouse facilities, which had $6.4 billion of capacity as of December 31, 2020 and our equity capital. As of December 31, 2020, we utilized $2.4 billion of our warehouse facility capacity. If we are successful in securing a national bank charter, we believe we would be able to lower our cost of funding by utilizing our SoFi Money members’ deposits to fund our loans.
With the exception of certain of our home loans, we retain servicing rights to our originated loans, and believe our servicing function is an important asset because of the connection to the member it affords us throughout the life of the loan. We directly service all of the personal loans that we originate. We act as master servicer for, and rely on sub-servicers to directly service, all of our student loans, credit cards and FNMA conforming home loans. We believe this ongoing relationship with our members enhances the effectiveness of our Financial Services Productivity Loop by increasing member touchpoints and driving the number of products per member.
Furthermore, our platform supports the full transaction lifecycle, including credit application, underwriting, approval, funding and servicing. Through data derived at loan origination and throughout the servicing process, SoFi has life of loan performance data on each loan in its ecosystem, which provides a meaningful data asset.
Financial Services Segment
Our digital suite of financial services products, by nature, provide more daily interactions with our members and is, therefore, differentiated from our lending products, which inherently have less consistent touchpoints with our members. Our Financial Services segment primarily includes SoFi Money, SoFi Invest (including active investing, robo-advisory and cryptocurrency accounts), content (including SoFi Relay, a product which allows members to track all of their financial accounts in one place and track their credit score), SoFi Credit Card, and SoFi Protect (whereby we offer third-party insurance products through partnerships).
We earn revenues in connection with our Financial Services segment through various partnerships and our SoFi Money and SoFi Invest products in the following ways:
Referral fees: Through strategic partnerships, we earn a specified referral fee in connection with referral activity we facilitate through our platform, which is not directly tied to a particular Financial Services product. The referral fee is paid to us by third-party partners that offer services to end users who do not use one of our product offerings, but who were referred to the partners through our platform. As such, the third-party enterprise partners are our customers in these referral arrangements.
Payment network fees: We earn payment network fees, which primarily constitute interchange fees, from our SoFi Money product. These fees are remitted by merchants and are calculated by multiplying a set fee percentage (as
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stipulated by the debit card payment network) by the transaction volume processed through such network. We arrange for performance by a card association and the bank issuer to enable certain aspects of the SoFi branded transaction card process. We enter into contracts with both parties that establish the shared economics of SoFi Money branded transaction cards. Historically, these fees have not been a significant portion of consolidated total net revenue.
Enterprise service fees: These fees are earned in connection with services we provide to enterprise partners to facilitate transactions for the benefit of their employees, such as 529 plan contributions or student loan payments through our At Work product, which represents our single performance obligation in the arrangements. Historically, these fees have been an immaterial component of our consolidated total net revenue.
Brokerage fees: We earn brokerage fees from our share lending and pay for order flow arrangements related to our SoFi Invest product (for which Apex serves as principal), exchange conversion services and digital assets activity, the latter of which historically has been an immaterial component of our consolidated total net revenue. In our share lending arrangements and pay for order flow arrangements with Apex, we do not oversee the execution of the transactions by our members, but benefit through a negotiated multi-year revenue sharing arrangement, since our members' brokerage activity drives the share lending and pay for order flow volume. Apex connects with market makers (order flow) and institutions (share lending) to facilitate the service and is responsible for execution. Apex carries inventory risk with the share lending program and ultimately is responsible for successful order routing to market makers that trigger the pay for order flow revenue. Apex sets the gross price and negotiates with market makers and institutions as part of our order flow and share lending arrangements. We have no discretion or visibility into this pricing and, instead, negotiate a net fee for our order flow and share lending arrangements, which is settled with Apex rather than with market makers or other institutions. In our digital assets arrangements, our fee is calculated as a negotiated percentage of the transaction volume. In our exchange conversion arrangements, we earn fees for exchanging one currency for another. Historically, these fees have not been a significant portion of our consolidated total net revenue. Our arrangements with Apex are governed by an agreement which contains certain minimum monthly requirements and which is terminable by either party upon notice. Although we will no longer have an equity method investment in Apex, Apex will continue to provide the services under this agreement. See “— Technology Platform Segment — Apex”.
Net interest income: Our SoFi Invest and SoFi Money products also generate net interest income based on the cash balances held in these accounts. Historically, this income has not been a significant portion of our consolidated total net revenue.
SoFi Money
SoFi Money is a mobile-first cash management account offered by SoFi Securities LLC, a FINRA registered broker dealer. The SoFi Money account is a brokerage account powered by the SoFi application and SoFi Money Debit Card. We believe SoFi Money is well positioned with our members and prospective members because our digital money platform allows members to spend, save and earn interest and rewards in flexible ways, all within our mobile application. Finally, our “vaults” feature provides a nimble account balance mechanism that can facilitate budgeting and saving, and provides members with enhanced tracking visibility toward their financial goals.

As we are not currently a bank holding company, we rely on partner bank holding companies to provide cash management services to our members through our bank sweep program at our broker-dealer subsidiary, wherein our members may place funds on deposit with us that are then swept out and placed on deposit with partner banks. As part of this program, interest income is generated through the deposits sitting at the member banks, which rates are determined with each bank and are variable in nature. We create and manage the digital, mobile cash management experience for our members. Currently, we invest in member acquisition marketing and member rewards to incentivize our members to house their cash management on the SoFi platform. We earn payment network fees on member expenditures through SoFi-branded debit cards issued by one of our partner bank holding companies. These payment network fees are reduced by fees payable to card associations and the issuing bank holding company.
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The Bancorp Bank (“Bancorp”) is the issuer of all SoFi Money debit cards and sponsors access to debit networks for payment transactions, funding transactions and associated settlement of funds under a sponsorship agreement with SoFi Securities. Additionally, Bancorp provides sponsorship and support for ACH, check, and wire transactions along with
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associated funds settlement. The SoFi Money product also utilizes a sweep administrator, UMB Bank, National Association (“UMB”), to sweep funds to and from the SoFi Money program banks, as necessary, under a program broker agreement between SoFi Securities and UMB and program account and program bank agreements with a variety of sweep program banks. The SoFi Securities agreement with Bancorp provides for receipt by Bancorp of program revenue and transaction fees, and is subject to a minimum monthly card activity fee. The agreement with Bancorp is terminable by SoFi Securities with 120 days prior notice. The program broker agreement between SoFi Securities and UMB provides for one-year terms that automatically renew and is terminable by either party with at least 90 days’ written notice prior to the end of the current term. The program account agreements and program bank agreements between SoFi Securities, UMB and the sweep banks provide for the rate of interest payable on the balances in a member’s SoFi Money account and include certain maximum transfer requirements on transfers. These arrangements are generally terminable upon termination of SoFi Securities’ sweep arrangement with UMB.
In October 2020, we received preliminary, conditional approval from the OCC for our application for a national bank charter and in March 2021, we entered into an agreement to acquire a bank holding company and its wholly-owned national bank subsidiary. The acquisition is subject to regulatory approval, including approval from the OCC of a revised business plan for the acquiree national bank, and approval from the Federal Reserve to become a bank holding company and for a change of control, and other customary closing conditions. In March 2021, we submitted an application to the Federal Reserve to become a bank holding company. Refer to section “— Government Regulation — Bank Acquisition” herein and “Risk Factors — Regulatory, Tax and Other Legal Risks” included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for additional information.
SoFi Invest
SoFi Invest is a digital brokerage service that offers multiple ways to invest, and gives members access to active investing, robo-advisory and cryptocurrency services. Our active investing service enables members to buy and sell stocks and ETFs. Our robo-advisory service offers managed portfolios of stocks, bonds and ETFs. Our cryptocurrency service allows members to buy and sell select cryptocurrencies. Furthermore, our innovative “stock bits” feature allows members to purchase fractional shares in various companies. Through our “stock bits” offering, members with SoFi Invest active brokerage accounts may buy or sell fractional shares in a variety of equity securities. Members can place orders in dollars or shares. During the course of a trading day, all member orders are consolidated into a single order for each equity security, which may be a sell or buy order. These fractional orders are rounded up to the next whole share and executed as a market order prior to market close on a standard trading day. Following market close, we allocate the trades to each individual member. We maintain an insignificant stock inventory of between two and ten shares for each issuer for whose securities we provide fractional trading in order to facilitate “stock bits” trades. This stock inventory is recorded within other assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets and was not material as of any of the balance sheet dates presented in this proxy statement/prospectus, nor were our revenues earned and expenses incurred associated with the “stock bits” feature material during any of the income statement periods presented in this proxy statement/prospectus.
 
Our interactive investing experience fosters virality by allowing members to engage with other investors’ activity on the platform. Finally, consistent with our aim to “Get Your Money Right” and as part of our commitment to helping our members, we provide access to CFPs at no cost to the member. Additionally, we provide introductory brokerage services to our members and have invested heavily over the past few years to create an appealing mobile investing experience. Although we currently do not charge trading fees, with the exception of cryptocurrency trades, our ecosystem benefits from increasing SoFi Invest members by virtue of interest income we earn on cash balances, and we view SoFi Invest as an attractive first product for members who may later become SoFi Money product holders or borrow with SoFi. We also earn brokerage revenue through share lending and pay for order flow arrangements.
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Other
Our remaining activities within the financial services space relate to: our SoFi Credit Card product, which we launched to a broader market in the fourth quarter of 2020; SoFi Relay, (as further discussed below); other financial content on our member home feed, which is native to the SoFi mobile application; insurance partnerships under SoFi Protect; Lantern Credit, which is an independent financial services aggregator providing marketplace lending product offerings; and various enterprise partnerships. SoFi Relay personal finance management product is a complementary offering to our members through which they can intuitively track both their short-term and long-term financial health within our mobile application. We believe that the content and features we provide within our mobile application can spur more financial education, which leads to more ways for our members to engage in getting their money right and will ultimately demonstrate the effectiveness of our Financial Services Productivity Loop. SoFi Relay also provides us with unified intelligence about our members and offers us meaningful insights about what SoFi products may help our members best achieve their financial goals.
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Technology Platform Segment
The revenue we have earned in our Technology Platform segment has historically included Apex equity method income. During 2020, Technology Platform revenue was predominantly attributable to Galileo following our acquisition in May 2020, which we expect to continue in future periods.
Galileo Financial Technologies
In May 2020, we acquired Galileo, which operates as a platform-as-a-service for a variety of financial services providers. Galileo has significantly grown its client base over the past few years and provides services to a large percentage of financial technology and financial services companies. Additionally, Galileo has maintained a strong focus on client retention and renewal. Galileo provides the infrastructure to facilitate core customer-facing and back-end capabilities, such as account setup, account funding, direct deposit, authorizations and processing, payments functionality, and check account balance features. Additionally, Galileo provides vertical integration benefits with SoFi Money. In addition to growth in its U.S. client base, Galileo is increasingly focused on international opportunities, including in Latin America and Asia.
Since Galileo is a platform-based business model, we track the number of accounts, which is defined as an open account as of the reporting date. As of December 31, 2020, there were over 59 million total accounts on the Galileo platform, excluding SoFi accounts. We view total accounts as an important indicator of the number of Galileo’s customers’ own customers who depend on the technology platform for a variety of products and services, including virtual card products, virtual wallets, peer-to-peer and bank-to-bank transfers, early paychecks, and real-time authorizations.
We earn revenue on Galileo’s platform in the following two ways:
Technology Platform Fees.   The platform fees we earn are based on access to the platform and are specific to the type of transaction. For example, we offer “event pricing”, which includes a specific charge for an account setup, an active account on file, use of Program, Event and Authorization Application Programming Interfaces (“APIs”), card activation, authorizations and processing, and card loads. In addition, we offer “partner pricing”, which is the back-end support we provide to Galileo’s customers, such as live agent customer service, chargeback and fraud analysis and credit bureau reporting, all within one integrated solution for our customers.
Program Management Fees.   Also referred to as “card program fees”, these transaction fees are generated from the creation and management of card programs issued by banks and requested by enterprise partners. In these arrangements, Galileo performs card management services and the revenue stems from the payment network and card program fees generated by the card program. This revenue is reduced by association and bank issuer costs, and a revenue share passed along to the enterprise partner that markets the card program. We categorize this class of revenue as payment network fees.
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Galileo typically enters into multi-year service contracts with its customers. The contracts provide for a variety of integrated platform services, which vary by customer and are generally either non-cancellable or cancellable with a substantive payment. Pricing structures under these contracts are typically volume-based, or a combination of activity- and volume-based, and payment terms are predominantly monthly in arrears. Most of Galileo’s contracts contain minimum monthly payments with agreed upon monthly service levels and may contain penalties if service levels are not met. See “SoFi’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Results of Operations” under the section entitled “Noninterest income and net revenue” for the year ended December 31, 2020 for a discussion of the integrated services offered on the Galileo platform from which we generate technology platform fees.
See Note 2 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for additional information on our business acquisitions.
Apex
In December 2018, we purchased a 16.7% interest in Apex, which resulted in partial integration of the transaction clearing and asset custody functions integral to SoFi Invest. The investment also enabled us to participate in earnings from Apex’s customer base.
The seller of the Apex interest had call rights over our equity interest in Apex for an aggregate purchase price of $100 million plus a per diem amount of $27,397 for each day elapsed from April 14, 2020 (the option start date) to the date the option is called, which call expires in 2023. During January 2021, the seller exercised its call rights on our Apex equity investment. Therefore, we will no longer recognize Apex equity method investment income in 2021 subsequent to the date the option was called. Additionally, we measured the carrying value of the Apex equity method investment as of December 31, 2020 equal to the call payment that we received in January 2021, which resulted in the recognition of an impairment charge of $4.3 million during the fourth quarter of 2020. Although following the seller call we will no longer have an equity method investment in Apex or recognize equity method investment income, Apex will continue to provide investment custody and clearing services for SoFi Invest, including for our brokerage activities, under a multi-year revenue sharing arrangement.
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Our Culture
We believe building a durable culture will be a key determinate in our ability to help our members get their money right and ultimately to achieve our mission.
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Competition
We compete at multiple levels, including: (i) competition among other personal loan, student loan, credit card and residential mortgage lenders; (ii) competition for money deposits among traditional banks and some challenger banks; (iii) competition for investment accounts among other introductory brokerage firms; (iv) competition for subscribers to financial services content; and (v) competition among other technology platforms for the enterprise services we provide, such as platform-as-a-service through Galileo.
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Competition to fund prime loans. The prime lending market is highly fragmented and competitive. We face competition from a diverse landscape of consumer lenders, including traditional banks, credit unions and specialty finance lenders, as well as alternative technology-enabled lenders.
Competition to acquire money accounts. Traditional banks are typically larger, have been in business longer and generally have greater brand awareness than us.
Competition to acquire investment brokerage accounts. The leading incumbent brokerage firms are larger, have been in business longer and generally have greater brand awareness than us. We also face competition from neo-brokerage platforms that provide some of the same features as us, such as a mobile brokerage experience and fractional share investing.
Competition to attract financial services content viewership. There are many sources of financial news in the marketplace, many of which are more established and have a larger subscriber base.
Competition for debit and credit card sponsors, particularly some challenger banks who need a platform-as-a-service solution, such as the one provided by Galileo. Generally, these arrangements are multi-year contracts, which require us to spend the necessary resources on implementation and interconnecting new customers onto our platform. We face competition from larger institutions that could make investments into an integrated platform-as-a-service solution, and also undercut our pricing, preventing our current customers from renewing, while also impeding our attempts to acquire new members.
Marketing
Our sales and marketing efforts are designed to drive brand awareness, improve member acquisition efficiency and accelerate our Financial Services Productivity Loop. We attract and retain members through multiple marketing channels, including social media, traditional media such as the press, online affiliations, search engine optimization, search engine marketing, offline partnerships, preapproved direct mailings and television advertising. We continue to optimize our marketing strategy through a focus on our full suite of financial products and iterate on referral and products per member opportunities to accelerate the Financial Services Productivity Loop.
Government Regulation
We are subject to extensive and complex rules and regulations, licensing and examination by various federal, state and local government authorities designed to, among other things, protect borrowers (such as truth in lending, equal credit opportunity, fair credit reporting and fair debt collection practices laws), customers (such as payment regulations, state and federal money transmitter and money service business laws) and investors (such as the anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities laws). State and federal laws require extensive disclosure to, and consents from, borrowers and investors, prohibit discrimination and unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices and impose multiple qualification and licensing obligations on our activities and the loans originated by us. Failure to comply with any of these rules, regulations or requirements may result in, among other things, lawsuits (including class action lawsuits) or administrative enforcement actions seeking monetary damages, fines or civil monetary penalties, restitution or other payments to borrowers or investors, modifications to business practices, revocation of required licenses or registrations, or voiding of loan contracts.
The following is a summary of certain aspects of the various statutes and regulations applicable to us and our subsidiaries. This summary is not a comprehensive analysis of all applicable laws, and is qualified by reference to the full text of statutes and regulations referenced below.
CFPB
We are subject to regulation and examination by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”), which oversees compliance with and enforces federal consumer financial protection laws. The CFPB directly and significantly influences the regulation of consumer financial services, including the origination, brokering, servicing, transfer, and collection of consumer loans, including personal loans, educational loans and home loans, and other consumer financial services we may provide. The CFPB has substantial power to regulate financial products and services received by consumers from both bank and non-bank lenders and their respective service providers, including rulemaking authority in enumerated areas of federal law traditionally applicable to consumer lending such as truth in lending, fair credit reporting and fair debt collection. Under Title X of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), the CFPB has the authority to pursue enforcement actions against companies that offer or provide consumer financial products or services, including private education lenders and mortgage lenders, that engage in unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices, which can be referred to as
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“UDAAP”. The CFPB may also seek a range of other remedies, including rescission of contracts, refund of money, return of real property, restitution, disgorgement of profits or other compensation for unjust enrichment, damages, public notification of the violation, and “conduct” restrictions (i.e., future limits on the target’s activities or functions). Where a company has violated Title X of the Dodd-Frank Act or CFPB regulations under Title X, the Dodd-Frank Act empowers state attorneys general and state regulators to bring civil actions to enforce such laws and regulations.
State Licensing Requirements
We or one or more of our subsidiaries may need, and have obtained, one or more state licenses to broker, acquire, service and/or enforce loans, and to engage in money transmitter activities. Where we have obtained licenses, state licensing statutes may impose a variety of requirements and restrictions on us, including:
record-keeping requirements;
restrictions on servicing and collection practices, including limits on finance charges and fees;
restrictions on collections;
usury rate caps;
restrictions on permissible terms in consumer agreements;
disclosure requirements;
examination requirements;
surety bond and minimum net worth requirements;
permissible investment requirements;
financial reporting requirements;
annual or biennial activity reporting and license renewal requirements;
notification and approval requirements for changes in principal officers, directors, stock ownership or corporate control;
restrictions on marketing and advertising;
qualified individual requirements;
anti-money laundering and compliance program requirements;
data security and privacy requirements; and
review requirements for loan forms and other customer-facing documents.
These statutes may also subject us to the supervisory and examination authority of state regulators in certain cases, and we have experienced, are currently and will likely continue to be subject to and experience exams by state regulators. These examinations have and may continue to result in findings or recommendations that require us to modify our internal controls and/or business practices. If we are found to have engaged in activities that require a state license without having the requisite license, the licensing authority may impose fines, impose restrictions on our operations in the relevant state, or seek other remedies for activities conducted in the state.
Pandemic Response and the CARES Act
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, or CARES Act, was signed into law. In compliance with the CARES Act, payments and interest accrual on all loans owned by the Department of Education were
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suspended through September 30, 2020, which suspension was further extended by executive action through September 30, 2021. Additionally, on March 25, 2020, the Department of Education announced that private collection agencies were required to stop making outbound collection calls and sending letters or billing statements to borrowers in default on federal student loans. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, states and other regulatory authorities across the United States implemented various debt collection restrictions, including in some cases bans on collections or creditors’ normal legal remedies.
Laws and Regulation
Federal and State UDAAP Laws.   The Dodd-Frank Act grants the CFPB the power to enforce UDAAP prohibitions and to adopt UDAAP rules defining unlawful acts and practices. Additionally, provisions of the Federal Trade Commission Act (“FTC Act”) prohibit “unfair” and “deceptive” acts and practices in business or commerce and give the FTC enforcement authority to prevent and redress violations of this prohibition. Virtually all states have similar laws. Whether a particular act or practice violates these laws frequently involves a highly subjective and/or fact-specific judgment.
State Disclosure Requirements and Other Substantive Lending Regulations.   We are subject to state laws and regulations that impose requirements related to loan disclosures and terms, home loan and application reporting, credit discrimination, credit reporting, loan brokering, loan servicing, loan rescission, and debt collection.
Truth in Lending Act.   The Truth in Lending Act (“TILA”) and Regulation Z, which implements it, require lenders to provide consumers with uniform, understandable information concerning certain terms and conditions of their loan and credit transactions prior to the consummation of a credit transaction and, in the case of certain education, mortgage, and open-end loans, at the time of a loan solicitation, application, approval, and origination of a credit transaction. TILA also regulates the advertising of credit and gives borrowers, among other things, certain rights regarding updated disclosures and periodic statements, security interests taken to secure the credit, the right to rescind certain loan transactions, a right to an investigation and resolution of billing errors, and the treatment of credit balances. For certain types of credit transactions, lenders are not permitted to originate loans with certain high-risk features, such as negative amortization and balloon payments, and must provide certain consumer protections during the underwriting and origination process, such as providing a right to an appraisal of mortgaged property, and verifying the consumer’s ability to repay the loan prior to making a decision to approve an application for the loan. Private Education Lenders must provide multiple disclosures to applicants under TILA and must provide applicants with 30 days in which to accept or reject a loan offer as well as the right to rescind the loan transaction for three days following receipt of the Final TILA disclosure.
Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act.   The federal Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (“RESPA”) and Regulation X, which implements it, require certain disclosures to be made to the borrower at application, as to the lender’s good faith estimate of loan origination costs, and at closing with respect to the real estate settlement statement; apply to certain loan servicing practices including escrow accounts, member complaints, servicing transfers, lender-placed insurance, error resolution and loss mitigation. RESPA also prohibits giving or accepting any fee, kickback or a thing of value for the referral of real estate settlement services, and giving or accepting any portion of any fee charged for rendering a real estate settlement service other than for services actually performed. To the extent that a lender makes or receives a referral to an affiliate, with whom it has an affiliated business arrangement, for settlement services, RESPA requires a disclosure of the affiliation to the person whose business is referred. For most home loans, the time of application (loan estimate) and time of loan closing disclosure requirements for RESPA and TILA have been combined into integrated disclosures under the TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosure rule.
Equal Credit Opportunity Act.   The federal Equal Credit Opportunity Act (“ECOA”) prohibits creditors from discriminating against credit applicants on the basis of race, color, sex, age, religion, national origin, marital status, the fact that all or part of the applicant’s income derives from any public assistance program or the fact that the applicant has in good faith exercised any right under the federal Consumer Credit Protection Act or any applicable state law. Regulation B, which implements ECOA, restricts creditors from requesting certain types of information from loan applicants and from using advertising or making statements that would discourage on a prohibited basis a reasonable person from making or pursuing an application. ECOA also requires creditors to provide consumers and certain small businesses with timely responses to applications for credit, including notices of adverse action taken on credit applications.
Fair Housing Act.   The federal Fair Housing Act (“FHA”) applies to credit related to housing and prohibits discrimination on the basis of race or color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status, and handicap. The FHA prohibits discrimination in advertising regarding the sale or rental of a dwelling, which includes mortgage credit discrimination. The FHA may place restrictions on a creditor’s targeted marketing strategies, due to the risk that such strategies may increase a creditor’s fair lending risk.
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Home Mortgage Disclosure Act.   The federal Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (“HMDA”) lenders to collect, report, and disclose certain information about their mortgage lending activity to the CFPB. Much of the data reported pursuant to HMDA is made public and can be used by regulators and third parties to ascertain information about our mortgage lending activity. Regulators and litigants may use the data to make inferences about our compliance with ECOA, FHA, and similar anti-discrimination laws. Effective in 2018, the CFPB issued a final rule which greatly expanded the amount of data that mortgage lenders are required to collect and report under HMDA. The CFPB has proposed and is expected to issue another final rule amending HMDA.
Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act.   We employ and contract with mortgage loan originators which are required by state and federal law to be licensed as mortgage loan originators in the relevant jurisdictions where they operate. To obtain and maintain licensure, the mortgage loan originator must meet the minimum education, experience, and character requirements set forth by the relevant state’s law, and periodically renew their licenses. We may not be permitted to employ, take applications from, or originate loans processed by mortgage loan originators who fail to maintain a license in good standing in each relevant jurisdiction.
Fair Credit Reporting Act.   The federal Fair Credit Reporting Act (“FCRA”), as amended by the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (“FACTA”), promotes the accuracy, fairness and privacy of information in the files of consumer reporting agencies. FCRA requires a permissible purpose to obtain a consumer credit report and requires persons that furnish loan payment information to credit bureaus to report such information accurately. FCRA also imposes disclosure requirements on creditors who take adverse action on credit applications based on information contained in a consumer report or received from a third party and requires creditors who use consumer reports in establishing loan terms to provide risk-based pricing or credit score notices to affected consumers. The FCRA also imposes rules and disclosure requirements on creditors’ use of consumer reports for marketing purposes, which impacts our ability to use consumer reports and prescreened lists to market consumer loans through direct mail and other means.
Fair Debt Collection Practices Act.   The federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (“FDCPA”) provides guidelines and limitations on the conduct of third-party debt collectors in connection with the collection of consumer debts. The FDCPA limits certain communications with third parties, imposes notice and debt validation requirements, and prohibits threatening, harassing or abusive conduct in the course of debt collection. While the FDCPA applies to third-party debt collectors, debt collection and loan servicing laws of certain states impose similar requirements on creditors who collect their own debts or contract with third parties to collect their debts. In addition, the CFPB prohibits UDAAP in debt collection, including first-party debt collection. In May 2019, the CFPB issued a proposed amendment to Regulation F, implementing the FDCPA, which would, among other things, address communications in connection with debt collection, interpret and apply prohibitions on harassment or abuse, false or misleading representations, and unfair practices in debt collection, and clarify requirements for certain consumer-facing debt collection disclosures. The CFPB is expected to issue a final rule, which may require us to adjust our debt collection practices and build or change our compliance controls to comply with the new rule.
Servicemembers Civil Relief Act.   The federal Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (“SCRA”) allows military members to suspend or postpone certain civil obligations so that the military member can devote his or her full attention to military duties. The SCRA requires us to adjust the interest rate of borrowers who qualify for and request relief. The SCRA also places limitations on remedies that may otherwise be available to a creditor, such as foreclosures and default judgments.
Military Lending Act.   The Military Lending Act (“MLA”) restricts, among other things, the interest rate and other terms that can be offered to active military personnel and their dependents. The MLA caps the interest rate that may be offered to a covered borrower for most types of consumer credit to a 36% military annual percentage rate, or “MAPR”, which includes certain fees such as application fees, participation fees and fees for add-on products. The MLA also requires certain disclosures and prohibits certain terms, such as mandatory arbitration if a dispute arises concerning the consumer credit product.
Electronic Fund Transfer Act and NACHA Rules.   The federal Electronic Fund Transfer Act (“EFTA”) and Regulation E that implements it provide guidelines and restrictions on the provision of electronic fund transfer services to consumers, and on making an electronic transfer of funds from consumers’ bank accounts. In addition, transfers performed by ACH electronic transfers are subject to detailed timing and notification rules and guidelines administered by the National Automated Clearinghouse Association (“NACHA”). Most transfers of funds in connection with the origination and repayment of loans are performed by electronic fund transfers, such as ACH transfers. We obtain necessary electronic authorization from borrowers and investors for such transfers in compliance with such rules. EFTA requires that lenders make available loan payment methods other than automatic preauthorized electronic fund transfers, and prohibits lenders from conditioning the approval of a loan transaction on the borrower’s agreement to repay the loan through automatic fund transfers. Recently, the NACHA Board of Directors approved a change in the NACHA Operating Rules that requires ACH Originators to utilize commercially
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reasonable fraudulent transaction detection systems. The rule change, effective on March 19, 2021, will require ACH Originators, including lenders, to perform account validation as part of their commercially reasonable fraudulent transaction detection system. This rule change may require changes to our fraud detection systems and increase our costs associated with ACH electronic transfers.
Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act/Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.   The federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (“ESIGN”), and similar state laws, particularly the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (“UETA”), authorize the creation of legally binding and enforceable agreements utilizing electronic records and signatures. ESIGN and UETA require businesses that want to use electronic records or signatures in consumer transactions and to provide electronic disclosures and other electronic communications to consumers, to obtain the consumer’s consent to receive information electronically.
Bank Secrecy Act.   We have implemented various anti-money laundering policies and procedures to comply with applicable federal anti-money laundering laws, regulations and requirements, such as designating a Bank Secrecy Act (“BSA”) officer, conducting an annual risk assessment, developing internal controls, independent testing, training, and suspicious activity monitoring and reporting. We apply the customer identification and verification program rules pursuant to the USA PATRIOT Act amendments to the BSA and its implementing regulations and screen certain customer information against the list of specially designated nationals and other lists of sanctioned countries, persons, and entities maintained by OFAC. Additionally, SoFi Digital Assets, LLC is registered with and regulated by FinCEN as a money services business (“MSB”) with respect to its cryptocurrency business activities. As an MSB, we are subject to FinCEN regulations implementing the BSA, which requires MSBs to develop and implement risk-based anti-money laundering programs, report large cash transactions and suspicious activity, and maintain transaction records, among other requirements. In addition, our contracts with financial institution partners and other third parties may contractually require us to maintain an anti-money laundering program.
Loan Servicing.   With respect to our private education loan business, we are subject to the CFPB’s rule that enables it to supervise certain non-bank student loan servicers that service more than one million borrower accounts. The rule covers servicers of both federal and private education loans and is designed to ensure that bank and non-bank servicers follow the same rules in the student loan servicing market. We are impacted by the rule because we have engaged the Missouri Higher Education Loan Authority (“MOHELA”) to service our private education loans. MOHELA currently services more than one million student loan borrower accounts. In addition, we are subject to state licensing requirements applicable to loan servicers even though we have engaged MOHELA to service our private education loans, as we retain master servicing rights. With respect to our broader consumer loan business, we are subject to federal and state laws regulating loan servicers. We are impacted by these rules even though we service loans we originate, and engage third parties like MOHELA to service certain types of loans, because some state laws, such as the California Rosenthal Act, apply to creditors and first party servicers. Some state laws also apply to parties that indirectly service loans through the use of third-party servicer contracts. Additionally, we sell some of the loans we originate to third parties and are therefore subject to laws governing parties that service loans on behalf of another person to whom the debt is owed. We are currently licensed as a loan servicer in several states and may be required to seek additional licenses. If we seek additional licenses, a state may impose fines, restrict our activity in that state, or seek other relief for activity conducted prior to the issuance of a license. For example, in 2019, we entered into a consent order with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities, requiring us to pay a civil fine for conducting mortgage servicing activity as a master servicer before we obtained a mortgage servicing license in Pennsylvania.
Other State Lending and Money Transmission Laws.   In addition to applicable federal laws and regulations governing our operations, our ability to originate and service loans in any particular state, and transmit money to or from any particular state, is subject to that state’s laws, regulations and licensing requirements, which may differ from the laws, regulations and licensing requirements of other states. State laws often include fee limitations and disclosure and other requirements. Many states have adopted lending regulations that prohibit various forms of high-risk or sub-prime lending and place obligations on lenders to substantiate that a member will derive a tangible benefit from the proposed credit transaction and/or have the ability to repay the loan. These laws have required most lenders to devote considerable resources to building and maintaining automated systems to perform loan-by-loan analysis of points, fees and other factors set forth in the laws, which often vary depending on the location of the mortgaged property. Many of these state lending and money transmitter laws are vague and subject to differing interpretation, which exposes us to some risks. The number and complexity of these laws, and vagaries in their interpretations, present compliance and litigation risks from inadvertent error and omissions which we may not be able to eliminate from our operations or activities. The laws, regulations and rules described above are subject to legislative, administrative and judicial interpretation, and some of these laws and regulations have been infrequently interpreted or only recently enacted. Infrequent interpretations of these laws and regulations or an insignificant number of interpretations of recently-enacted laws and regulations can result in ambiguity with respect to permitted conduct under these laws and regulations. Any ambiguity under the laws and regulations to which we are subject may lead to regulatory investigations or
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enforcement actions and private causes of action, such as class-action lawsuits, with respect to our compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
Risk Retention.   Our balance sheet is impacted by the risk retention regulations adopted by the SEC that became effective for non-mortgage securitizations in 2016. These rules require issuers of asset-backed securities or persons who organize and initiate asset-backed securities transactions to retain a portion of the underlying assets’ credit risk.
Marketing.   Our marketing and other business practices are subject to federal and state regulation and our expansion into new product offerings including cryptocurrency and exchange-traded funds under the SoFi Invest product subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny. For example, we and the FTC entered the FTC Consent Order regarding savings calculations in our student loan refinancing advertisements. In addition, we are subject to the Federal Telephone Consumer Protection Act (“TCPA”), which regulates the use of automated telephone dialing systems to contact cellphones (including via text messages), and the Federal CAN-SPAM Act and the Telemarketing Sales Rule, and analogous state laws, to the extent that we market credit or other products and services by use of email or telephone marketing.
Bankruptcy.   We are subject to the United States Bankruptcy Code, which limits the extent to which creditors may seek to enforce debts against parties who have filed for bankruptcy protection.
Federal and State Securities Laws.  We offer the securities issued in our sponsored securitizations only to, or for the account or benefit of, “qualified institutional buyers” (as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act) in compliance with Rule 144A and to “non-U.S. persons” outside of the United States in reliance on Regulation S under the Securities Act. The securities issued in the securitizations that we sponsor are not registered under the Securities Act or registered or qualified under any state securities laws. We do not offer securitized products to retail investors. We receive opinions from legal counsel for each securitization confirming that the relevant issuing entity is not required to register under the Investment Company Act in reliance on the exclusion available under Rule 3a-7 of the Investment Company Act, although other exemptions or exceptions may also be available.
SoFi Invest and SoFi Money.  We offer investment management services through SoFi Wealth LLC, an internet-based investment adviser and SoFi Capital Advisors, LLC, which sponsors private investment funds that invest in asset-backed securitizations. Both SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Capital Advisors, LLC are registered as investment advisers under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”), and are subject to regulation by the SEC. SoFi Securities LLC (“SoFi Securities”) is an affiliated registered broker-dealer and FINRA member, and SoFi Digital Assets, LLC is a FinCEN registered money service business that also holds money transmitter or money service licenses in 31 states and the District of Columbia. We offer cash management accounts, which are brokerage products, through SoFi Securities. Our cash management accounts are not deposits insured by the FDIC.
The investment advisers are subject to the anti-fraud provisions of the Advisers Act and to fiduciary duties derived from these provisions, which apply to our relationships with our advisory members including the funds we manage. These provisions and duties impose restrictions and obligations on us with respect to our dealings with our members, fund investors and our investments, including for example restrictions on transactions with our affiliates.
Our investment advisers and our broker-dealer have in the past and will in the future be subject to periodic SEC examinations. Our investment advisers and our broker-dealer are also subject to other requirements under the Advisers Act and the Exchange Act and related regulations primarily intended to benefit advisory and brokerage members. These additional requirements relate to matters including maintaining effective and comprehensive compliance programs, record-keeping and reporting and disclosure requirements. The Advisers Act and the Exchange Act generally grants the SEC broad administrative powers, including the power to limit or restrict an investment adviser or our broker-dealer from conducting advisory or brokerage activities, respectively, in the event they fail to comply with federal securities laws. Additional sanctions that may be imposed for failure to comply with applicable requirements include the prohibition of individuals from associating with an investment adviser or broker-dealer, the revocation of registrations and other censures and fines. Even if an investigation or proceeding did not result in a sanction or the sanction imposed against us or our personnel by a regulator were small in monetary amount, the adverse publicity relating to the investigation, proceeding or imposition of these sanctions could harm our reputation and cause us to lose existing members or fail to gain new members. See “Information About SoFi—Legal Proceedings”.
SoFi Securities is subject to Rule 15c3-1 under the Exchange Act, the “SEC Net Capital Rule”, which requires the maintenance of minimum levels of net capital. The SEC Net Capital Rule is designed to protect members, counterparties, and creditors by requiring a broker-dealer to have sufficient liquid resources available to satisfy its financial obligations. Net capital
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is a measure of a broker-dealer’s readily available liquid assets, reduced by its total liabilities (other than approved subordinated debt). Among other things, the SEC Net Capital Rule requires that a broker-dealer provide notice to the SEC and FINRA if its net capital is below certain required levels. There are also certain “early warning” requirements that apply. Our affiliates operating outside the U.S. may also be subject to other regulatory capital requirements imposed by non-U.S. regulatory authorities.
SoFi Securities is an “introducing” broker that does not carry customer security accounts; rather, customer security accounts are carried by an unaffiliated broker-dealer that also clears transactions for these accounts and maintains segregated cash and investments pursuant to Rule 15c3-3 under the Exchange Act (the “Customer Protection Rule”). SoFi Securities carries customer cash accounts (related to SoFi Money) that are subject to the Customer Protection Rule.
FINRA has adopted extensive regulatory requirements relating to sales practices, registration of personnel, compliance and supervision, and compensation and disclosure, to which SoFi Securities and its personnel are subject. FINRA and the SEC also have the authority to conduct periodic examinations of SoFi Securities, and may also conduct administrative proceedings, and have the authority to levy fines and other penalties on SoFi Securities.
SoFi Securities has applied for registration with the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (“MSRB”) and, if such registration is granted, will become subject to the MSRB’s regulatory regime, including applicable MSRB rules.
SoFi Securities recently became a Participant of DTC and therefore is subject to DTC’s regulatory regime, including applicable DTC rules and bylaws.
Moreover, through SoFi Securities, we are licensed to underwrite securities offerings and are exploring potential opportunities to serve as an underwriter of registered equity securities offerings. For further detail, see “SoFi’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Business Overview”.
Bank Acquisition
On October 27, 2020, the OCC issued preliminary conditional approval of our application to establish a new national bank to be called SoFi Bank, National Association. Final OCC approval was subject to a number of preopening requirements. In March 2021, we entered into an agreement to acquire Golden Pacific Bancorp, Inc., a bank holding company, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Golden Pacific Bank, National Association, a national bank, for a total cash purchase price of $22.3 million. The acquisition is subject to regulatory approval, including approval from the OCC of a revised business plan for Golden Pacific Bank, National Association, and approval from the Federal Reserve to become a bank holding company and for a change of control, and other customary closing conditions. In March 2021, we submitted an application to the Federal Reserve to become a bank holding company. As a bank holding company, we would be subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the Federal Reserve under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (“BHCA”). A national bank subsidiary of ours would be subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the OCC. References to the Bank in the discussion below are to any national bank subsidiary of ours, whether formed or acquired.
Bank Holding Company Regulation.   The Federal Reserve has the authority, among other things, to order bank holding companies to cease and desist from unsafe or unsound banking practices; to assess civil money penalties; and to order termination of non-banking activities or termination of ownership and control of a non-banking subsidiary by a bank holding company.
Source of Strength.   Under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank Act”), we would be required to serve as a source of financial strength for the Bank. This means that we may be required to provide capital or liquidity support to the Bank, even at times when we may not have the resources to provide such support to the Bank.
Acquisitions and Activities.   The BHCA prohibits a bank holding company, without prior approval of the Federal Reserve, from acquiring all or substantially all the assets of a bank, acquiring control of a bank, merging or consolidating with another bank holding company, or acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of any voting shares of another bank or bank holding company if, after such acquisition, the acquiring bank holding company would control more than 5% of any class of the voting shares of such other bank or bank holding company. The BHCA also prohibits a bank holding company from engaging directly or indirectly in activities other than those of banking, managing or controlling banks or furnishing services to its subsidiary banks. However, a bank holding company may engage in and may own shares of companies engaged in activities that the Federal Reserve has determined, by order or regulation, to be so closely related to banking as to be a proper incident thereto.
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In becoming a bank holding company, the Company would also elect financial holding company status pursuant to the provisions of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (“GLBA”). As a financial holding company, the Company would be authorized to engage in certain financial activities in which a bank holding company that has not elected to be a financial holding company may not engage. “Financial activities” is broadly defined to include not only banking, insurance and securities activities, but also merchant banking and additional activities that the Federal Reserve, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, determines to be financial in nature, incidental to such financial activities, or complementary activities that do not pose a substantial risk to the safety and soundness of depository institutions or the financial system generally.
If a financial holding company or any depository institution subsidiary of a financial holding company fails to remain well capitalized and well managed, the Federal Reserve may impose such limitations on the conduct or activities of the financial holding company as the Federal Reserve determines to be appropriate, and the company and its affiliates may not commence any new activity or acquire control of shares of any company engaged in any activity that is authorized particularly for financial holding companies without first obtaining the approval of the Federal Reserve. The company must also enter into an agreement with the Federal Reserve to comply with all applicable requirements to qualify as a financial holding company. If a financial holding company remains out of compliance for 180 days or such longer period as the Federal Reserve permits, the Federal Reserve may require the financial holding company to divest either its insured depository institution or all of its non-banking subsidiaries engaged in activities not permissible for a financial holding company. If an insured depository institution subsidiary of a financial holding company fails to maintain a “satisfactory” or better record of performance under the Community Reinvestment Act, the financial holding company will be prohibited, until the rating is raised to “satisfactory” or better, from engaging in new activities authorized particularly for financial holding companies or acquiring companies engaged in such activities.
Limitations on Acquisitions of Our Common Stock.   The Change in Bank Control Act prohibits a person or group of persons acting in concert from acquiring “control” of a bank holding company unless the Federal Reserve has been notified and has not objected to the transaction. Under a rebuttable presumption established by the Federal Reserve, the acquisition by a person or group of persons acting in concert of 10% or more of a class of voting securities of a bank holding company with a class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act constitutes the acquisition of control of a bank holding company for purposes of the Change in Bank Control Act. In addition, the BHCA prohibits any company from acquiring control of a bank or bank holding company without first having obtained the approval of the Federal Reserve. Under the BHCA, a company is deemed to control a bank or bank holding company if the company owns, controls or holds with power to vote 25% or more of a class of voting securities of the bank or bank holding company, controls in any manner the election of a majority of directors or trustees of the bank or bank holding company, or the Federal Reserve determines that the company has the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of the bank or bank holding company. Under a rebuttable presumption of control established by the Federal Reserve, the acquisition of control of more than 5% of a class of voting securities of a bank holding company, together with other factors enumerated by the Federal Reserve, could constitute the acquisition of control of a bank holding company under the BHCA.
Enhanced Prudential Supervision.   The Dodd-Frank Act and other federal banking laws subject companies with $10 billion or more of consolidated assets to additional regulatory requirements. More specifically, among other things, section 1075 of the Dodd-Frank Act, which is commonly known as the “Durbin Amendment”, amended the Electronic Fund Transfer Act to restrict the amount of interchange fees that may be charged and prohibit network exclusivity for debit card transactions. The restrictions on interchange fees in the Durbin Amendment do not apply to any issuer that, together with its affiliates, has assets of less than $10 billion. The Volcker rule, which generally prohibits banking entities from engaging in proprietary trading and from acquiring or retaining an ownership interest in or sponsoring certain types of investment funds, does not apply to an insured depository institution if it has and if every company that controls it has total consolidated assets of $10 billion or less and consolidated trading assets and liabilities that are 5% or less of consolidated assets. If the Bank or the Company exceed these thresholds, they would become subject to the Volcker rule. Section 1025 of the Dodd-Frank Act provides that the CFPB has authority to examine any insured depository institution with total assets of more than $10 billion and any affiliate thereof.
Bank Regulation.   The Bank would be subject to regulation, supervision, and examination by the OCC. Additionally, the FDIC has secondary supervisory authority as the insurer of the Bank’s deposits. The Bank is also subject to regulations issued by the CFPB, as enforced by the OCC. Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, the Federal Reserve may directly examine the subsidiaries of the Company, including the Bank. The enforcement powers available to the federal banking regulators include, among other things, the ability to issue cease and desist or removal orders; to terminate insurance of deposits; to assess civil money penalties; to issue directives to increase capital; to place the Bank into receivership; and to initiate injunctive actions against banking organizations and institution-affiliated parties.
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Deposit Insurance.   Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (“FDIA”), insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC if the FDIC finds that the insured depository institution has engaged in unsafe and unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC. In addition, the Bank would be subject to deposit insurance assessments.
Activities and Investments of National Banking Associations.   National banking associations must comply with the National Bank Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder by the OCC, which generally limit the activities of national banking associations to those that are deemed to be part of, or incidental to, the “business of banking”. Activities that are part of, or incidental to, the business of banking include taking deposits, borrowing and lending money and discounting or negotiating promissory notes, drafts, bills of exchange, and other evidences of debt. Subsidiaries of national banking associations generally may only engage in activities permissible for the parent national bank.
Community Reinvestment Act.   The Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) requires the OCC to evaluate the Bank’s performance in helping to meet the credit needs of the entire communities it serves, including low and moderate-income neighborhoods, consistent with its safe and sound banking operations, and to take this record into consideration when evaluating certain applications. The OCC’s CRA regulations are generally based upon objective criteria of the performance of institutions under three key assessment tests: (i) a lending test, to evaluate the institution’s record of making loans in its service areas; (ii) an investment test, to evaluate the institution’s record of investing in community development projects, affordable housing, and programs benefiting low- or moderate-income individuals and businesses; and (iii) a service test, to evaluate the institution’s delivery of services through its branches, ATMs, and other offices. The OCC rates a national bank’s compliance with the CRA as “Outstanding”, “Satisfactory”, “Needs to Improve” or “Substantial Noncompliance”. Failure of the Bank to receive at least a “Satisfactory” rating could inhibit the Bank or the Company from undertaking certain activities, including acquisitions of other financial institutions.
In May 2020, the OCC adopted a final rule that expands the types of activities that qualify for CRA credit; revises how banks delineate their CRA assessment areas; and establishes new standards for evaluating banks with more than $500 million in assets, including, among others, the number of qualifying retail loan originations to low- and moderate-income individuals. In November 2020, the OCC issued a proposed rule that would establish an approach for determining CRA evaluation benchmarks, retail lending distribution test thresholds, and community development minimums under the framework for general performance standards established by the amended CRA rule adopted by the OCC. The impact on the Bank from any changes to the CRA regulations will depend on the final form of the proposed benchmark rule and how it is implemented and applied.
Regulatory Capital Requirements.   We and the Bank would be subject to risk-based capital requirements and rules issued by the Federal Reserve and the OCC. The capital rules are intended to reflect the relationship between the banking organization’s capital and the degree of risk associated with its operations based on transactions recorded on-balance sheet as well as off-balance sheet items. The FDIA requires the federal banking agencies to take prompt corrective action with respect to depository institutions that do not meet the minimum capital requirements set forth in the capital rules. These capital requirements are different from, and may be in addition to, those required of SoFi Securities under the SEC’s Net Capital Rule.
Regulation of Other Activities
Through SoFi Protect, we offer life insurance, auto insurance, homeowners insurance and renters insurance through Social Finance Life Insurance Agency LLC and its licensed agents, which are subject to state insurance, insurance brokering and insurance agency statutes and regulations.
Privacy and Consumer Information Security
In the ordinary course of our business, we access, collect, store, use, transmit and otherwise process certain types of data, including PII, which subjects us to certain federal and state privacy and information security laws, rules, industry standards and regulations designed to regulate consumer information and data privacy, security and protection, and mitigate identity theft. These laws impose obligations with respect to the collection, processing, storage, disposal, use, transfer, retention and disclosure of PII, and, with limited exceptions, give consumers the right to prevent use of their PII and disclosure of it to third parties. The GLBA requires us to disclose certain information sharing practices to consumers, and any subsequent changes to such practices, and provide an opportunity for consumers to opt out of certain sharing of their PII. This may limit our ability to share PII with third parties for certain purposes, such as marketing. In addition, the CFPB is expected to issue a new rule regulating the disclosure of consumer and information, which may limit our ability to receive or use PII and other consumer information and records supplied by third parties, or share information with third parties. Further, all 50 states and the District
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of Columbia have adopted data breach notification laws that impose, in varying degrees, an obligation to notify affected individuals and government authorities in the event of a data or security breach or compromise, including when a consumer’s PII has or may have been accessed by an unauthorized person. These laws may also require us to notify relevant law enforcement, regulators or consumer reporting agencies in the event of a data breach. Some laws may also impose physical and electronic security requirements regarding the safeguarding of PII.
On January 1, 2020, the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”) took effect, directly impacting our California business operations and indirectly impacting our operations nationwide. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for certain data breaches that result in the loss of personal information. While personal information that we process that is subject to the GLBA is exempt from the CCPA, the CCPA regulates other personal information that we collect and process in connection with the business. A new California ballot initiative, the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”) was passed in November 2020. Effective starting on January 1, 2023, the CPRA imposes additional obligations on companies covered by the legislation and will significantly modify the CCPA, including by expanding consumers’ rights with respect to certain sensitive personal information. The CPRA also creates a new state agency that will be vested with authority to implement and enforce the CCPA and the CPRA. Certain other state laws impose similar privacy obligations. We anticipate that more states may enact legislation similar to the CCPA, which provides consumers with new privacy rights and increases the privacy and security obligations of entities handling certain personal information of such consumers. The CCPA has prompted a number of proposals for new federal and state-level privacy legislation. These proposals, if enacted, may add additional complexity, variation in requirements, restrictions and potential legal risk, require additional investment of resources in compliance programs, impact strategies and the availability of previously useful data and could result in increased compliance costs and/or changes in business practices and policies.
Our broker-dealer and investment advisers are subject to SEC Regulation S-P, which requires that these businesses maintain policies and procedures addressing the protection of customer information and records. This includes protecting against any anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of customer records and information and against unauthorized access to or use of customer records or information. Regulation S-P also requires these businesses to provide initial and annual privacy notices to customers describing information sharing policies and informing customers of their rights.
Legal Proceedings
SoFi Lending Corp. and SoFi (collectively, the “SoFi Defendants”) are defendants in a putative class action, captioned as Juarez v. Social Finance, Inc. et al., Civil Action No. 4:20-cv-03386-HSG, filed against them in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California in May 2020 (the “Action”). Plaintiffs allege that the SoFi Defendants engaged in unlawful lending discrimination in violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1981 and California Civil Code, § 51, et seq., through policies and practices making two categories of certain non-United States citizen loan applicants — i.e., United States residents who hold DACA or who hold green cards with a validity period of less than two years — ineligible for loans or eligible only with a co-signer who is a United States citizen or lawful permanent resident. Plaintiffs further allege that the SoFi Defendants violated 15 U.S.C. § 1981 by accessing the credit reports of non-United States citizen loan applicants who hold green cards with a validity period of less than two years without a permissible purpose. As relief, Plaintiffs seek, on behalf of themselves and a purported class of similarly-situated non-United States citizen loan applicants, a declaratory judgment that the challenged policies and practices violate federal and state law, an injunction against future violations, actual and statutory damages, exemplary and punitive damages, and attorneys’ fees. The SoFi Defendants filed a motion to, among other things, dismiss Plaintiffs’ claims for failure to state a claim, and/or compel arbitration. By order dated April 12, 2021, the court dismissed Plaintiffs’ California Civil Code, § 51 claim without prejudice, and declined to dismiss Plaintiffs’ other claims or compel them arbitration. Although there can be no assurance as to the ultimate disposition of the Action, the SoFi Defendants continue to deny liability to Plaintiffs and the putative class members, believe that they have meritorious defenses against Plaintiffs’ claims, and intend to vigorously defend themselves and oppose class certification.
Galileo is a defendant in a putative class action, captioned as Richards, et. al v. Chime Financial, Inc., Galileo Financial Technologies and The Bancorp, Inc., Civil Action No. 4:19-cv-6864-HSG (N.D. Cal.), filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California in October 2019. Plaintiff asserts various claims against the defendants arising from an intermittent disruption in service experienced by certain holders of Chime Financial, Inc. (“Chime”) deposit accounts preventing them from accessing or using account funds for portions of time between October 16, 2019 and October 19, 2019. The parties have entered into a class action settlement agreement to resolve the claims in the action. The Court granted preliminary approval of the class settlement on October 28, 2020, and will hold a hearing on April 1, 2021 to determine whether to grant final approval of the settlement.
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The CFPB is also conducting investigations into whether Chime or other deposit accountholders were harmed by Galileo in connection with the intermittent service disruption covering several time periods. We may in the future be subject to additional lawsuits and disputes. We are also involved in other claims, government investigations, and proceedings arising from the ordinary course of our business. Although the results of such lawsuits, claims, government investigations and proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe that the final outcome of these other matters will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
We and the staff of the SEC Division of Enforcement have agreed in principle to an offer of settlement, without admitting or denying the SEC’s findings, which includes, among other things, a civil penalty of $300,000, to close a pending investigation of SoFi Wealth in connection with potential violations of federal securities laws, specifically Section 206(2) and Section 206(4) of the Investment Advisers Act and Rule 206(4)-7 thereunder by SoFi Wealth. The SEC staff’s allegations relate to actions undertaken by SoFi Wealth in April 2019 to rebalance certain holdings of unaffiliated exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) in clients’ automated investment advisory accounts with holdings of SoFi-branded ETFs which had lower operating expense ratios sponsored and managed by an affiliate of SoFi Wealth. In particular, although SoFi Wealth had disclosed to clients in its Form ADV that it could use affiliated ETFs, such as SoFi-branded ETFs, in the automated investment advisory accounts, the SEC staff alleges that SoFi Wealth also should have disclosed certain alleged conflicts of interest concerning use of the SoFi-branded ETFs: specifically that SoFi Wealth preferred to use the SoFi-branded ETFs, because SoFi expected to receive a marketing benefit from use of the SoFi-branded ETFs, and that the automated investment advisory accounts would be an important early source of assets in connection with the launch of the SoFi-branded ETFs.
The offer of settlement is subject to formal acceptance by the SEC and could change, and a final settlement cannot be assured. By its current terms, and without admitting or denying the SEC staff’s findings, SoFi Wealth would agree to the following: a censure, an order to cease-and-desist from future violations of Section 206(2), Section 206(4), and Rule 206(4)-7, a civil penalty of $300,000, and undertakings to review all relevant disclosure documents, to review SoFi Wealth’s compliance policies and to notify clients concerning the terms of the prospective order. The offer of settlement would not require any disgorgement to customers by SoFi Wealth. We do not believe such a resolution, if accepted by the SEC, would result in any material limitations on the ongoing business or operations of SoFi or SoFi Wealth.
On March 22, 2021, SoFi was named as a newly added defendant in an Amended and Supplemental Consolidated Stockholder Derivative Complaint (the “Amended Complaint”) filed in an ongoing action pending in the Supreme Court of New York captioned In re Renren, Inc. Derivative Litigation, Index No. 653564/2018. The plaintiffs, Hen Ren Silk Road Investments LLC, Oasis Investments II Master Fund Ltd., and Jodi Arama, allege that the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Renren, Inc. (“Renren”), Joseph Chen, and others, breached their fiduciary duties to Renren’s shareholders in connection with a transaction in which Renren spun off its holdings of SoFi shares (as well as stock in other entities) to Oak Pacific Investments (“OPI”), an entity allegedly controlled by Mr. Chen. The Amended Complaint alleges that SoFi’s receipt of approximately 17 million of its own securities from OPI pursuant to a call option transfer during the pendency of the lawsuit constituted a fraudulent conveyance. In addition to several claims under New York law and Cayman Islands law against various defendants, the Amended Complaint alleges claims against SoFi for receipt of a fraudulent conveyance pursuant to D.C.L. Section 276 (as in effect in March 2019) that should be voided and set aside pursuant to D.C.L. Sections 278 and 279 (as effective in 2019), as well as unspecified compensatory damages. The Amended Complaint seeks, among other things, an order to impose a constructive trust over the SoFi shares transferred from Renren or the proceeds thereof, voiding and setting aside the call option transfer of approximately 17 million SoFi shares as a fraudulent conveyance, and requiring the Company to pay over the value of the call option transfer. The Company intends to vigorously defend against the action and believes that any claims against it are meritless.
Regardless of the final outcome, defending lawsuits, claims, government investigations, and proceedings in which we are involved is costly and can impose a significant burden on management and employees, and there can be no assurances that favorable final outcomes will be obtained.
Intellectual Property
We seek to protect our intellectual property by relying on a combination of federal, state and common law in the United States, as well as on contractual measures. We use a variety of measures, such as trademarks and trade secrets, to protect our intellectual property. We also place appropriate restrictions on our proprietary information to control access and prevent unauthorized disclosures, a key part of our broader risk management strategy.
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We have registered several trademarks related to our name, “SoFi” as well as SoFi’s logo, our company motto “Get Your Money Right” and certain SoFi products, such as “SoFi Money” and “SoFi Invest”. We believe our name, logo, motto and products are important brand identifiers for our members and enterprise partners.
Properties
We primarily operate through a network of leased properties, including largely office spaces, two properties of which are located outside of the U.S. We believe our existing facilities are adequate to meet our current business requirements and that we will be able to find suitable space to accommodate any potential future expansion. Although the majority of our employees who utilize our office spaces are currently working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as of the date of this filing we still intend to occupy these locations when conditions safely permit.
Our leased properties total approximately 400,000 square feet, with the most significant properties and the reportable segments that primarily utilize those properties as follows:
Location
Approximate Square Footage
Segments(1)
San Francisco, California
99,000
L, FS
Cottonwood Heights, Utah
51,000
L, FS
Jacksonville, Florida
37,000
L, FS
Murray, Utah
29,000
FS
Holladay, Utah
29,000
TP
Claymont, Delaware
28,000
L, FS
Helena, Montana
27,000
L
New York, New York
13,000
L, FS
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(1)Segment references include: L = Lending, FS = Financial Services, and TP = Technology Platform.
Human Capital Resources
Our top priority is building a durable culture of diversity and a company where people love where they work following our core values. Our employee initiatives are designed to support, develop and inspire employees, ultimately unlocking the potential of the organization, driving excellence across the business and solidifying SoFi as a top career destination where people love to work.
We have established guiding principles to help us achieve our top priority:
Embodying SoFi’s culture and values to ensure everyone feels welcome, included and able to contribute;
Integrating a diversity and inclusion lens into everything we do;
Guiding team members regarding where they are and where they are going — and giving them the tools and resources to get there;
Supporting managers to become effective people leaders;
Taking a principled approach to providing fair, relevant and competitive compensation and benefits to a dynamic workforce with diverse needs; and
Leveraging data to better understand the employee experience and measure our success.
Diversity and Inclusion
Our Diversity, Inclusion, Equity and Belonging objective is to be a company where each of us genuinely belongs, is respected and valued, and can do our best work, and where diversity and inclusion is a competitive advantage.
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To help achieve these goals, we will focus on attraction, retention and development at all levels. This means that we will ensure fair and transparent processes in talent assessment and hiring, performance management and career progression and retention.
As a foundation to this work, we have developed competency-based assessments for roles in marketing, operations and engineering to reduce unconscious biases in both our hiring and promotion practices. We have also invested in formalizing a university hiring program and returning military program to ensure we are bringing in talent at all levels of the Company and helping them nurture lasting careers within SoFi.
We are working to create a stronger sense of inclusion and belonging for SoFi employees in general with a lens on representation. Our recent employee survey showed that feelings of belonging are driven by many aspects of our experiences at work, which drives engagement. Engagement and belonging are fueled by having a meaningful connection to others and opportunities to grow and develop our careers. Across all of these dimensions, we are committed to building programs, systems and tools that foster greater belonging.
We are formalizing career paths within our operations organization to provide better transparency to our careers and promotion criteria. We will continue to invest and further develop our manager training and support to ensure that all managers — those promoted, developing or hired — understand how to manage, keeping our Diversity and Inclusion principles top of mind in every aspect of their role.
We have also established a range of educational programs in line with our values that reinforce our Diversity and Inclusion practices, which are required training for our global employee base as well as future employees: Unconscious Bias Training; Inclusive Culture Training; and Hiring the SoFi Way.
We have introduced a vision for what we want our workforce to look like in three years, including a career pathways program in our operations organization, a formalized university program, mentorship for underrepresented minorities, and targeted executive recruiting for leadership roles. We believe that a combination of these approaches will help increase the representation, engagement and retention of women, Black, Latinx and all employees who identify as being from an underrepresented group across all levels, roles and organizations.
We have expanded accountability metrics for Diversity and Inclusion to include retention, promotion and engagement alongside hiring, and regularly review these practices to ensure accountability and progress.
Training and Manager Excellence
We believe strongly in investing in our employees and this is a focus throughout the employee lifecycle. Great care is taken to onboard new hires and set them up for success, both in terms of a broad understanding of SoFi’s mission, values, strategic point of differentiation and products, as well as role-specific learning. To this end, throughout the year we offer ongoing learnings, including: weekly company-level All Hands meetings, monthly programming on a diverse range of topics spanning general business updates to developmental topics, and other opportunities for learning from internal and external speakers, including financial wellness and personal wellness topics.
We also offer ongoing learning opportunities for our people managers to ensure they are well equipped to support their employees. In addition to training on our compensation philosophy and tools, manager effectiveness and other basic ongoing processes administered by the people team, we also launched in the fourth quarter of 2020 a seven-week manager onboarding program. This program covers a variety of topics, including Diversity and Inclusion, how to give effective feedback, a recruiting overview and best practices and various other components to set new leaders at SoFi up for success.
Compensation
Our compensation programs are designed to attract, retain and motivate talented, deeply qualified and committed individuals who believe in our mission, while rewarding employees for long-term value creation. We have a pay-for-performance culture in which employee compensation is aligned to Company performance, as well as individual contributions and impacts. Our equity program aligns employee compensation to the long-term interests of our shareholders, while encouraging them to think and act like owners. While we are still evolving our programs and practices, we strive for a fair, competitive, transparent and equitable approach in recognizing and rewarding our employees.
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Health and Wellness
The health and wellness of our employees and their families is integral to SoFi’s success. We have a comprehensive benefits program to support the physical, mental and financial wellbeing of our employees. We have two core medical plans in which SoFi pays 100% of the monthly premiums. In addition to core medical, we offer fertility and maternity benefits to help employees who are looking to grow their family. To support the mental health of our employees, we offer a digital benefit that allows our employees to meet with coaches and clinical care providers at no cost to them. Our tuition reimbursement and student loan repayment programs provide financial support to our employees that allows them to advance their education and pay off existing student loan debt.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we transitioned to a remote workforce to help protect the health and wellness of our employees while continuing to provide the proper support to SoFi members. We recognize that these are trying times for everyone, including our employees. To support our employees through this time, we introduced additional programs focused on mental health, childcare and balancing the demand of work and personal family needs. In June 2020, we implemented “SoFridays” in which employees are encouraged to end their work week at 2:00 pm local time each Friday.
Employee Experience and Data
As of December 31, 2020, we employed approximately 1,977 employees, primarily located in California, Utah, Delaware, Montana, Florida, and New York. None of our employees are currently represented by a labor union or have terms of employment that are subject to a collective bargaining agreement. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good and have not historically experienced any work stoppages.
We believe it is critical to leverage the collective feedback of our workforce to continue to build upon the employee experience. In 2019, we launched our first employee engagement survey and followed up with our second survey in 2020. In both years, employee participation exceeded 95%. The insight and data provided by our employees will be key in helping us achieve our priority of building a durable culture of diversity and becoming a place where people are loyal to the company and love working at the company.
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SOFI’S MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to “we”, “us” or “our” refer to the combined business of Social Finance, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, “SoFi”) prior to Closing.
The following discussion and analysis provides information that management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our consolidated results of operations and financial condition. You should read this discussion and analysis in conjunction with “Selected Historical Financial Data of SoFi” and our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. Certain amounts may not foot due to rounding. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements and involves numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those described under “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
Business Overview
We are a member-centric, one-stop shop for digital financial services that allows members to borrow, save, spend, invest and protect their money. Our mission is to help our members achieve financial independence in order to realize their ambitions. To us, financial independence does not mean being wealthy, but rather represents the ability of our members to have the financial means to achieve their personal objectives at each stage of life, such as owning a home, having a family, or having a career of their choice — more simply stated, to have enough money to do what they want. We were founded in 2011 and have developed a suite of financial products that offers the speed, selection, content, and convenience that only an integrated digital platform can provide. Our three reportable segments and their respective products are:
LendingFinancial ServicesTechnology Platform
•    Student Loans (in school and student loan refinancing)
•    Personal Loans
•    Home Loans
•    SoFi Money
•    SoFi Invest (1)
•    SoFi Relay
•    SoFi Credit Card
•    SoFi At Work
•    SoFi Protect
•    Lantern Credit
•    Technology Platform Services (Galileo)
•    Clearing Brokerage Services (Apex) (2)
__________________
(1)Our SoFi Invest service is comprised of three products: active investing accounts, robo-advisory accounts and cryptocurrency accounts.
(2)During January 2021, the initial Apex seller exercised its call rights on our Apex equity investment. See “— Our Reportable Segments — Technology Platform segment” for additional information.
We refer to our customers as “members”. We define a member as someone who has a lending relationship with us through origination or servicing, opened a financial services account, linked an external account to our platform, or signed up for our credit score monitoring service. Once someone becomes a member, they are always considered a member unless they violate our terms of service given our members have continuous access to our CFPs, our career advice services, our member events, all of our content, educational material, news, tools and calculators at no cost to the member. Additionally, our mobile app and website have been designed with a member home feed that is personalized and delivers content to a member about what they must do that day in their financial life, what they should consider doing that day in their financial life, and what they can do that day in their financial life. Since our inception and through December 31, 2020, we have served more than 1.8 million members who have used approximately 2.5 million products on the SoFi platform and have experienced accelerating year-over-year member growth for the past six consecutive quarters. We believe we are in the early stages of the digital transformation of financial services and, as a result, have a substantial opportunity to continue to grow our member base and increase the number of products that our members use on the SoFi platform.
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ipoe-20210422_g10.jpg
We offer our members a suite of financial products and services, enabling them to borrow, save, spend, invest and protect within one integrated platform. Our aim is to create a best-in-class, integrated financial services platform that will generate a virtuous cycle whereby positive member experiences will lead to more products adopted per member and enhanced profitability for each additional product by lowering overall member acquisition costs and increasing the lifetime value of our members. We refer to this virtuous cycle as our “Financial Services Productivity Loop”.
We believe that developing a relationship with our members and gaining their trust is central to our success as a financial services platform. Moreover, we believe that some of the current frictions faced by other financial institutions are caused by a disjointed and non-seamless product experience, a lack of digital acquisition, subpar mobile web products instead of digital native apps and incomplete product offerings to meet a customer’s holistic financial needs. Through our mobile technology and continuous effort to improve our financial services products, we are seeking to build a financial services platform that members can access for all of their financial services needs.
In addition to benefiting our members, our products and capabilities are also designed to appeal to enterprises, such as financial services institutions that subscribe to our enterprise services called SoFi At Work, and have become interconnected with the SoFi platform. While these enterprises are not considered members, they are important contributors to the growth of the SoFi platform, and also have their own constituents who might benefit from our products in the future. Further, Galileo has over 59 million total accounts on its platform (excluding SoFi accounts), which represent new accounts to the SoFi ecosystem during 2020.
A key element of our strategy is to secure a national bank charter, which we believe would enhance the profitability of our Lending segment and SoFi Money. While we currently rely on third-party bank holding companies to provide banking services to our members, securing a national bank charter would, among other things, allow us to provide members and prospective members broader and more competitive options across their financial services needs, including deposit accounts, and lower our cost to fund loans, which would enable us to offer lower interest rates on loans to members as well as offer higher interest rates on SoFi Money accounts, all while continuing not to charge non-interest based fees.
In October 2020, we received preliminary, conditional approval from the OCC for our application for a national bank charter. In March 2021, we entered into an agreement to acquire Golden Pacific Bancorp, Inc., a bank holding company, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Golden Pacific Bank, National Association, a national bank. See “— Executive Overview” for a summary of the additional measures required in our efforts to obtain a national bank charter.
Through our registered broker-dealer subsidiary, SoFi Securities LLC, we are licensed to underwrite securities offerings. In March 2021, we launched an IPO investment center that may allow members with a SoFi Active Invest account that has at least $3,000 in total account value across SoFi Invest (inclusive of automated and active investing) to invest in initial public offerings before they trade on an exchange. If we receive a mandate for any such initial public offering, and if such offering is registered with the SEC and then prices and closes, we could serve as an underwriter or member of the selling group with respect to such offering, which may include offerings involving the Sponsor or its affiliates. In the event the conditions above are satisfied, we expect to generate revenues in future periods for our IPO investment center activities in the form of underwriting fees.
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As of December 31, 2019, we primarily operated in the United States. In 2020, we expanded into Hong Kong with our acquisition of 8 Limited, an investment business. Additionally, with the acquisition of Galileo in May 2020, we gained clients in Mexico.
Our Reportable Segments
We conduct our business through three reportable segments: Lending, Financial Services and Technology Platform. Below is a discussion of our segments and their corresponding products.
Lending Segment
Through our Lending segment, we offer student loans, personal loans, home loans and related services. Our lending business is primarily a gain-on-sale model, whereby we originate loans and recognize a gain from these loans when we sell them into either our whole loan or securitization channels. We sell our whole loans primarily to large financial institutions, such as bank holding companies, typically at a premium to par, and in excess of our costs to originate the loans. Our loan premiums fluctuate from time to time based on benchmark rates and credit spreads, and we are not guaranteed a gain on all or any of our loan sales. When securitizing loans, we first isolate the underlying loans in a trust and then sell the beneficial interests in the trust to a bankruptcy-remote entity. In securitization transactions that do not qualify for sale accounting, the related assets remain on our consolidated balance sheets and cash proceeds received are reported as liabilities, with related interest expense recognized over the life of the related borrowing. In securitization transactions that qualify for sale accounting, we typically have insignificant continuing involvement as an investor. In the case of both whole loan sales and securitizations, we also typically continue to retain servicing rights following transfer. We therefore view servicing as an integral component of the Lending segment.
Prior to selling our loans, we hold them on our consolidated balance sheets at fair value and rely upon warehouse financing arrangements. Net interest income, which we define as the difference between the earned interest income and interest expense to finance loans, is a key component of the profitability of our Lending segment. See “— Results of Operations”.
Financial Services Segment
Our Financial Services segment consists of cash management and investment services. Through SoFi Money, a digital, mobile cash management experience for our members, we invest in member acquisition and marketing activities to attract new members, including by offering rewards to incentivize prospective members to house their cash management activities on the SoFi platform. We generate interest income from deposits sitting in the various Member Banks, which is reduced by the interest fees paid to members. We also earn payment network fees on member expenditures via SoFi-branded debit cards issued by one of our member bank holding companies (each a “Member Bank”). Payment network fees are reduced by direct fees payable to card associations and the Member Bank.
We also provide introductory brokerage services to our members, and have invested significantly in creating SoFi Invest, a streamlined mobile investing experience through which we offer multiple ways to invest and give members access to active investing, robo-advisory and cryptocurrency services. While we do not charge trading fees, other than for cryptocurrency trading, our platform benefits from increasing assets under management as we generate interest income on cash balances that we hold, and we also earn brokerage revenue through share lending and pay for order flow arrangements. We also believe there are opportunities to generate incremental future revenue through margin lending and options. Through our acquisition of 8 Limited in 2020, we expanded SoFi Invest into the Hong Kong market. With respect to our cryptocurrency trading activities, which we initiated in 2019, we do not hold or store members' cryptocurrencies, but instead rely on a third party custodian, and we hold an immaterial amount of cryptocurrencies in order to facilitate paying new cryptocurrency member bonuses when members initiate their first cryptocurrency trade. We do this for member convenience to facilitate a seamless payment of cryptocurrency. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, cryptocurrency buy and sell volume had an immaterial impact on our results of operations.
In August 2020, we began offering the SoFi Credit Card, which we expanded to a broader market in the fourth quarter of 2020. Additionally, we developed SoFi Relay within the SoFi mobile application, a personal finance management product which allows members to track all of their financial accounts in one place and utilize credit score monitoring services. Further, we leverage our technology and information infrastructure to offer services to other enterprises, such as loan referrals and SoFi At Work, which is a platform we offer to enterprises that are looking for a seamless way to provide financial benefits to their employees, such as student loan payments made on their employees’ behalf, for which we earn a fee.
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Technology Platform Segment
Our Technology Platform segment consists of Galileo, and has historically included our minority ownership of Apex, a technology-enabled provider of investment custody and clearing brokerage services, in which we invested in December 2018. During January 2021, the seller exercised its call rights on our Apex investment. Therefore, we will no longer recognize Apex equity method investment income subsequent to the date the option was called. Additionally, we measured the carrying value of the Apex equity method investment as of December 31, 2020 equal to the call payment that we received in January 2021, which resulted in the recognition of an impairment charge of $4.3 million during the fourth quarter of 2020. Although following the seller call we will no longer have an equity method investment in Apex or recognize equity method investment income, Apex will continue to provide investment custody and clearing services for SoFi Invest, including for our brokerage activities, under a multi-year revenue sharing arrangement.
In May 2020, we acquired Galileo, a provider of technology platform services to financial and non-financial institutions. Through Galileo, we provide services through a suite of program, event and authorization application programming interfaces for financial and non-financial institutions. Galileo provides us with recurring revenues through multi-year agreements with its customers, consisting primarily of platform-as-a-service access for various financial and non-financial institutions, and transaction card program management services.
COVID-19 Pandemic
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization designated the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) as a global pandemic. In an effort to manage the spread of the virus, federal, state and local governments enacted various restrictions, including closing schools and businesses, limiting or restricting social or public gatherings, implementing travel restrictions and mandating stay-at-home orders, which were since lifted to varying degrees across the country. As of the date of filing this proxy statement/prospectus, the duration and severity of the effects of COVID-19 continue to remain unknown. Likewise, we do not know and cannot anticipate the duration and severity of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our ecosystem of members and prospective members, Member Banks and employees. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we formed a business continuity program that serves to communicate with employees on a regular basis regarding efforts to implement a company-wide work-from-home program, planning for contingencies related to the pandemic, providing updated information and policies, and monitoring the ongoing crisis for new developments in accordance with recommendations and protocols published by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization, as well as state and local governments.
In response to the economic and financial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Reserve reduced the target range for the federal funds rate to 0% to 0.25%, a level it suggested could remain until 2023, and instituted quantitative easing measures as well as domestic and global capital market support programs. Additionally, on March 27, 2020, the President of the United States signed into law the CARES Act. The CARES Act included, among other things, expanded eligibility for Small Business Administration loans under a Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), direct economic assistance to American workers, provisions for payroll tax credits and deferrals, net operating loss carryback periods, alternative minimum tax credits, technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property, and temporary relief from certain trouble debt restructuring programs. The CARES Act also enacted automatic suspension of principal and interest payments on federally-held student loans through September 30, 2020, which was extended on several occasions, most recently by executive action through September 30, 2021. We continue to analyze and evaluate the direct and indirect impacts that the CARES Act and additional government relief measures may have on our business, including impacts associated with the expiration of select CARES Act provisions, and we continue to monitor developments in the United States Congress with respect to the potential passage of additional relief measures. See “— Key Factors Affecting Operating Results — Industry Trends and General Economic Conditions” for additional information.
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have continued to adapt our response and strategies to navigate uncertain economic, workplace and market conditions. We have taken a number of measures to proactively support our members, applicants for new loans, employees and investors.
Members:   We have and will continue to approach hardship programs from a member-first perspective. In addition to our Unemployment Protection Plan, which remains available to all eligible members, we launched comprehensive forbearance programs that provided meaningful Federal Emergency Management Agency (“FEMA”) disaster hardship relief. Starting in March 2020, we made available a web-enabled self-service forbearance request process to enable members who faced unemployment, reduction in income or general economic uncertainty to defer their loan payment. Initially, student loan members were provided with a 60-day payment deferral with the option to extend in additional 30-day increments, personal
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loan members were provided with a 30-day payment deferral with the option to extend in additional 30-day increments, and home loan members were provided with a 90-day initial relief, consistent with FNMA servicing guidelines, with possible extensions available. For student loans and personal loans, when a forbearance request is accepted, interest on the loan continues to accrue and is amortized over the remaining life of the loan, and the maturity date of the loan is extended for the length of the deferment. Home loans are subject to FNMA servicing guidelines, which provide certain options to the borrower. For home loans, after the forbearance period has ended, members will be required to repay the amount that was suspended, but are not required to repay the amount all at once, though they have that option. Other potential options allow members to make an additional payment each month for a period of time until the past due amounts are repaid, move the deferred amount to the end of the loan term, or set up a loan modification, if they are eligible. In all instances, interest continues to accrue during the forbearance period.
The following table presents information about our loan products that were in active short-term hardship relief or payment deferral as of December 31, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic or that were classified as performing (current or paid in full) as of December 31, 2020 after exiting payment deferral due to the COVID-19 pandemic:
As of December 31, 2020Student LoansPersonal LoansHome Loans
Active short-term hardship relief or payment deferral due to COVID-19 pandemic
Number of loans4,532 1,061 122 
Aggregate balance ($ in millions)$317.4 $26.8 $35.6 
Classified as performing after exiting payment deferral due to COVID-19 pandemic
Number of loans ever enrolled in COVID-19 forbearance program37,744 43,585 292 
Number of loans enrolled classified as performing at measurement date31,012 37,022 189 
Aggregate balance of loans ever enrolled in COVID-19 forbearance program ($ in billions)$2.84 $1.20 $0.07 
Aggregate balance of loans enrolled classified as performing at measurement date ($ in billions)$2.38 $1.01 $0.04 
These hardship programs have allowed members to defer their payments and interest to a future date, allowing them to regain financial confidence. As indicated in the table above, those members who were distressed at the time of enrolling in a hardship program have demonstrated strong resiliency, with 85%, 82% and 65% of personal loan, student loan and home loan accounts, respectively, either current or paid-in-full as of December 31, 2020. In response to the hardship brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, we also deferred certain collection recovery activities, while taking every opportunity to work with our members to find a path to repayment.
Applicants: We proactively executed our recession readiness credit risk strategies in response to deteriorating economic conditions and market uncertainty. This included introducing elevated credit eligibility requirements for personal loans, thorough validation of income and income continuity, and limiting loan amounts. As a result of actions taken, for the fourth quarter of 2020 compared to the fourth quarter of 2019, we observed an 11-point increase in personal loan FICO scores at origination. Current originations incorporating credit risk strategy changes, when stressed using external loss forecasting models with stressed econometric scenarios, are expected to perform similarly to previous vintages. Our student loan refinance business is substantially comprised of applicants refinancing federal loans and/or existing private student loans. We developed objective content and calculators to educate applicants about the Federal relief available to them through the CARES Act and subsequent extensions, which enable them to maximize their savings.
Employees: In order to safeguard the health and safety of our team members and their families, we virtualized our entire organization beginning in March 2020, enabling all of our team members to work virtually. We have taken a proactive approach to enable ongoing communication and engagement. We believe we have been effective in creating a collaborative virtual workforce and, at this time, believe we can continue to operate as such through the duration of the pandemic. Although we have not established a timeline for reopening our office locations, in February 2021, we announced that our employees may work with their managers to determine the best place for them to work from, including continuing to work virtually. We are proud to offer this flexibility to our employees.
Investors: Durability of and confidence in the performance of our originated asset classes has never been more important. Despite uncertain market and economic conditions, our serviced assets continue to perform at historic low delinquency and loss
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metrics for our Company, even when adjusted for forbearance. The majority of our members have validated their income resiliency and have returned to making full or partial payments on their loan or have paid in full. We have identified members who have sustained hardships and we have worked constructively with the investor community to establish expanded loss mitigation tools to maximize recovery while providing empathy for distressed members. Our team has worked to provide greater transparency to our investor community through access to our Capital Markets and Risk Management team and by providing internal and external analytical and stress testing forecasts, which provide a range of economic scenarios that could manifest in performance of their owned assets. Investors continue to not only have demand for our assets, but have grown their demand for our assets in light of their demonstrated performance.
Delinquencies: Members enrolled in forbearance or hardship relief programs do not appear in delinquency metrics and are not subject to collection activity. Despite this, during any re-enrollment, SoFi works with members to determine when a short-term hardship becomes long-term, which requires differing solutions to ensure a member has the best chance for repayment success. At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, we provided online self-service opportunities to members to request initial relief and subsequently extend that short-term forbearance relief as needed (subject to approval). COVID-19 hardship relief was available to members that were current or delinquent at the time of request, although the majority of student loan and personal loan initial enrollments were members that were “current” at the time of enrollment. As indicated in the table above, the majority of members that entered COVID-19 hardship programs have exited such programs.
Liquidity: We took action to prepare for potential liquidity needs by securing additional committed warehouse capacity in May 2020. Additionally, in the first quarter of 2020, we received approximately $46 million of margin calls on certain positions, which had been marked down by our lenders based on trading activity observed in the market. By the end of the second quarter, approximately half of that margin had been returned to us, and by the end of the fourth quarter, all but $0.3 million had been returned to us as markets continued to stabilize. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources — Borrowings” for additional information on margin calls. We were able to manage these needs along with other liquidity needs of our business by relying on our strong liquidity position going into the crisis, having a deep and diversified portfolio of warehouse lenders, being proactive and forward looking as it related to anticipated liquidity risks and needs, and managing decisions conservatively with regard to loan origination growth and loan sales.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on consumer spending and money management behavior that has, in turn, impacted our business. See “— Key Factors Affecting Operating Results — Industry Trends and General Economic Conditions” for more information.
As the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic persists and evolves, we remain committed to serving our members, applicants and investors, while caring for the safety of our employees and their families. The potential near and long-term impacts that the COVID-19 pandemic could have on our financial condition and results of operations remain highly uncertain. See “Risk Factors — COVID-19 Pandemic Risks”.
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Executive Overview
The following tables display key financial measures for our three reportable segments and our consolidated company that are used, along with our key business metrics, by management to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends and make strategic decisions. Contribution profit (loss) is the primary measure of segment-level profit and loss reviewed by management and is defined as total net revenue for each reportable segment less expenses directly attributable to the corresponding reportable segment and, in the case of our Lending segment, less fair value adjustments attributable to assumption changes associated with our servicing rights and residual interests classified as debt. See “— Results of Operations, — Summary Results by Segment and — Non-GAAP Financial Measures” herein for discussion and analysis of these key financial measures.
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)
202020192018
Lending
Total interest income$354,383 $593,644 $587,509 
Total interest expense(155,038)(268,055)(330,165)
Total noninterest income281,521 108,712 9,404 
Total net revenue480,866 434,301 266,748 
Adjusted net revenue(1)(2)
536,541 442,971 238,070 
Contribution profit (loss)(1)
241,729 92,460 (109,278)
Financial Services
Total interest income2,796 5,950 173 
Total interest expense(2,312)(5,336)(143)
Total noninterest income11,386 3,318 844 
Total net revenue(1)
11,870 3,932 874 
Contribution loss(131,410)(118,800)(19,243)
Technology Platform(3)
Total interest expense(107)— — 
Total noninterest income95,737 795 117 
Total net revenue(1)
95,630 795 117 
Contribution profit
53,203 795 117 
Other(4)
Total interest income6,358 8,599 1,936 
Total interest expense(28,149)(4,968)(246)
Total noninterest income (loss)(1,043)— (30)
Total net revenue (loss)(22,834)3,631 1,660 
Consolidated
Total interest income$363,537 $608,193 $589,618 
Total interest expense(185,606)(278,359)(330,554)
Total noninterest income387,601 112,825 10,335 
Total net revenue565,532 442,659 269,399 
Adjusted net revenue(1)(2)
621,207 451,329 240,721 
Net loss
(224,053)(239,697)(252,399)
Adjusted EBITDA(2)
(44,576)(149,222)(226,931)
___________________
(1)Adjusted net revenue within our Lending segment is used by management to evaluate our Lending segment and our consolidated results. For the Lending segment, total net revenue is adjusted to exclude the fair value changes in servicing rights and residual interests classified as debt due to valuation inputs and assumption changes (including conditional prepayment and default and discount rates). We use this adjusted measure in our determination of contribution profit (loss) in the Lending segment, as well as to evaluate our consolidated results, as it removes non-cash charges that are not realized during the period and, therefore, do not impact the cash available to fund our operations, and our overall liquidity position. For our Financial Services and Technology Platform segments, there are no adjustments from total net revenue to arrive at the consolidated adjusted net revenue shown in this table.
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(2)Adjusted net revenue and adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures. For information regarding our uses and definitions of these measures and for reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP measures, net income (loss) and total net revenue, respectively, see “— Non-GAAP Financial Measures”.
(3)There was no interest income recorded within our Technology Platform segment for any of the periods presented.
(4)“Other” includes total net revenue associated with corporate functions that are not directly related to a reportable segment. For further discussion, see Note 17 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus.
Quarter Ended
($ in thousands)
December 31, 2020September 30, 2020June 30, 2020March 31, 2020December 31, 2019
September 30, 2019
June 30, 2019
March 31, 2019
Lending
Total interest income$90,753 $86,468 $83,985 $93,177 $125,041 $161,926 $153,956 $152,721 
Total interest expense(33,626)(34,246)(39,650)(47,516)(57,497)(67,989)(68,609)(73,960)
Total noninterest income (loss)91,865 109,890 51,549 28,217 (6,655)33,133 71,294 10,940 
Total net revenue148,992 162,112 95,884 73,878 60,889 127,070 156,641 89,701 
Adjusted net revenue(1)(3)
159,520 178,084 117,182 81,755 58,602 135,402 154,971 93,996 
Contribution profit (loss)(1)
85,204 103,011 49,419 4,095 (33,362)35,674 67,283 22,865 
Financial Services
Total interest income378 365 316 1,737 1,924 2,071 1,406 549 
Total interest expense(290)(267)(233)(1,522)(1,798)(1,798)(1,242)(498)
Total noninterest income3,963 3,139 2,345 1,939 1,524 760 609 425 
Total net revenue(1)
4,051 3,237 2,428 2,154 1,650 1,033 773 476 
Contribution loss
(36,067)(37,467)(30,893)(26,983)(34,517)(33,533)(27,855)(22,895)
Technology Platform(6)
Total interest expense(42)(47)(18)— — — — — 
Total noninterest income36,838 38,865 19,037 997 325 206 149 115 
Total net revenue(1)
36,796 38,818 19,019 997 325 206 149 115 
Contribution profit
16,120 23,986 12,100 997 325 206 149 115 
Other(2)
Total interest income942 1,284 1,764 2,368 2,533 2,434 2,316 1,316 
Total interest expense(19,292)(4,345)(3,417)(1,095)(1,155)(1,351)(1,355)(1,107)
Total noninterest income (loss)(319)(726)— — — — — 
Total net revenue (loss)(5)
(18,348)(3,380)(2,379)1,273 1,378 1,083 961 209 
Consolidated
Total interest income$92,073 $88,117 $86,065 $97,282 $129,498 $166,431 $157,678 $154,586 
Total interest expense(53,250)(38,905)(43,318)(50,133)(60,450)(71,138)(71,206)(75,565)
Total noninterest income132,668 151,575 72,205 31,153 (4,806)34,099 72,052 11,480 
Total net revenue(4)
171,491 200,787 114,952 78,302 64,242 129,392 158,524 90,501 
Adjusted net revenue(1)(3)
182,019 216,759 136,250 86,179 61,955 137,724 156,854 94,796 
Net income (loss)(82,616)(42,878)7,808 (106,367)(122,541)(57,559)(10,218)(49,379)
Adjusted EBITDA(3)
11,817 33,509 (23,750)(66,152)(101,004)(27,656)6,611 (27,173)
___________________
(1)Adjusted net revenue within our Lending segment is used by management to evaluate our Lending segment and our consolidated results. For the Lending segment, total net revenue is adjusted to exclude the fair value changes in servicing rights and residual interests classified as debt due to valuation inputs and assumption changes (including conditional prepayment and default and discount rates). We use this adjusted measure in our determination of contribution profit (loss) in the Lending segment, as well as to evaluate our consolidated results, as it removes non-cash charges that are not realized during the period and, therefore, do not impact the cash available to fund our operations, and our overall liquidity position. For the Financial Services and Technology Platform segments, there are no adjustments from total net revenue.
(2)“Other” includes total net revenue associated with corporate functions that are not directly related to a reportable segment. For further discussion, see Note 17 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus.
(3)Adjusted net revenue and adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures. For information regarding our uses and definitions of these measures and for reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP measures, net income (loss) and total net revenue, respectively, see “— Non-GAAP Financial Measures”.
(4)The significant trends in consolidated total net revenue throughout the 2019 and 2020 quarters were attributable to the following:
The $29.1 million decrease from the second quarter to the third quarter of 2019 was primarily attributable to an unfavorable change in securitization loans of $49.9 million resulting primarily from an increase in yields based on expected declines in personal loan securitization credit performance. In addition, securitization loan charge-offs increased by $5.0 million period over period. This negative trend was partially offset by a $31.2 million positive variance associated with our loan origination and sale activities, net of hedges, which reflected improved sales execution to whole loan buyers period over period and was a significant factor in our quarterly whole loan valuations.
The $65.2 million decrease from the third quarter to the fourth quarter of 2019 was primarily attributable to a $38.7 million loss related to the deconsolidation of three personal loan securitizations. In addition, net interest income decreased $26.2 million period over period, which was primarily attributable to a decline in the average total loans held on our balance sheet.
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The $14.1 million increase from the fourth quarter of 2019 to the first quarter of 2020 was primarily attributable to a $33.7 million lower loss related to the deconsolidations of two personal loan securitizations during the first quarter of 2020 as compared to the aforementioned three deconsolidations in the fourth quarter of 2019. The positive trend was partially offset by a decrease in net interest income of $21.9 million, which was primarily attributable to a decline in the average total loans held on our balance sheet.
The $36.7 million increase from the first quarter to the second quarter of 2020 was primarily attributable to increases in securitization loan fair values of $71.7 million related to credit loss performance expectations improving, when we determined that delinquencies were better than expected during the period. This increase was offset by a decline of $38.1 million in loan origination and sales activities, net of hedges, a significant portion of which was related to a $22.5 million gain on credit default swaps in the first quarter of 2020 (which position we then closed during the same quarter), and because credit spreads widened significantly during the escalation of the COVID-19 pandemic, positively impacting our derivatives position.
The $85.8 million increase from the second quarter to the third quarter of 2020 was attributable to a $45.8 million increase in loan origination and sales activities, net of hedges, which was a function of us carrying a larger average loan balance on our balance sheet for all loan products and a meaningful increase in student loan fair values due to a decrease in expected prepayment speeds. This prepayment speed expectation also contributed to an improvement in servicing of $12.1 million period over period. The increased average loan balance also contributed to an increase in net interest income of $6.4 million. Moreover, the lower total net revenue in the second quarter was attributable to a loss on deconsolidation of securitizations of $8.6 million. Finally, securitization loan write-offs decreased $5.5 million, as we continued to see an improvement in credit performance from the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The $29.3 million decrease from the third quarter to the fourth quarter of 2020 was primarily attributable to interest expense related to the Galileo seller note in our Technology Platform segment and a decrease in noninterest income in our Lending segment. On November 14, 2020, when the promotional period on the seller note lapsed and we did not pay off the note, we incurred incremental interest expense of $12.5 million. We incurred an additional $3.7 million of interest expense related to our outstanding seller note obligation during the fourth quarter of 2020. The primary driver of the decrease in noninterest income in our Lending segment was related to decreases of $12.6 million in the gains recognized related to securitization loan fair values as a result of securitization loan valuations remaining materially consistent from the third quarter to the fourth quarter of 2020 after two consecutive quarters of improvement related to credit loss expectations. Additionally, we recognized an impairment charge of $4.3 million during the fourth quarter to measure the carrying value of our Apex equity investment equal to the call payment that we received in January 2021 upon the seller exercising its call option on our equity interest in Apex.
(5)The significant trends in other total net revenue (loss) during the quarters in 2020 were attributable to the following:
Our cash balances, along with market interest rates, declined during the first three quarters of 2020, which resulted in declines in other total net revenue of: $0.2 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the fourth quarter of 2019; $0.4 million in the second quarter compared to the first quarter of 2020; and $0.4 million in the third quarter compared to the second quarter of 2020. The fourth quarter of 2020 was flat to the third quarter.
Interest expense on our revolving credit facility increased by $0.7 million from the first quarter to the second quarter of 2020 due to an incremental $325.0 million borrowing and decreased by $0.5 million from the second quarter to the third quarter of 2020 due to decreases in one-month LIBOR.
During the second quarter of 2020, we had a one-time investment impairment of $0.8 million.
During the second quarter of 2020, we acquired Galileo and used a seller note to finance a portion of the purchase. The fair value of the seller note was initially recorded below the stated face value, with the difference accreted into interest expense over time. Additionally, we incurred incremental interest during the fourth quarter of 2020 because we did not pay off the seller note before the promotional period ended. We recorded interest expense of $1.6 million, $3.0 million and $17.6 million during the second, third and fourth quarters of 2020, respectively.
(6)There was no interest income recorded within our Technology Platform segment for any of the periods presented.
Key Recent Developments
We continue to execute on our growth and other strategic initiatives. Some of our key recent achievements are discussed below:
Acquisitions
In March 2021, we entered into an agreement to acquire Golden Pacific Bancorp, Inc., a bank holding company, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Golden Pacific Bank, National Association, a national bank, for a total cash purchase price of $22.3 million. The acquisition is subject to regulatory approval, including approval from the OCC of a revised business plan for Golden Pacific Bank, and approval from the Federal Reserve to become a bank holding company and for a change of control, and other customary closing conditions, which we anticipate can be completed by the end of 2021. In March 2021, we submitted an application to the Federal Reserve to become a bank holding company.
In May 2020, we completed our acquisition of Galileo for a purchase price of $1.2 billion. Galileo provides technology platform services to financial and non-financial institutions. Our acquisition of Galileo represents a material addition to our Technology Platform segment, but was not a significant acquisition under Regulation S-X, Rule 3-05, Financial Statements of Businesses Acquired or to be Acquired.
In April 2020, we acquired 8 Limited, a Hong Kong based investment business, for a purchase price of $16.1 million. Our acquisition of 8 Limited marked our first expansion outside the United States and enables our non-U.S. members to experience many of the product features we have developed in the United States for SoFi Invest, including zero commission non-cryptocurrency trading.
In December 2018, we acquired a 16.7% interest in Apex for $100.0 million, which enabled us to earn income from Apex’s customers and provided partial integration of transaction clearing and asset custody functions integral to SoFi Invest. During
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January 2021, the seller exercised its call rights on our Apex equity investment. Therefore, we will no longer recognize Apex equity method investment income subsequent to the date the option was called. Additionally, we measured the carrying value of the Apex equity method investment as of December 31, 2020 equal to the call payment that we received in January 2021, which resulted in the recognition of an impairment charge of $4.3 million during the fourth quarter of 2020. Although following the seller call we will no longer have an equity method investment in Apex or recognize equity method investment income, Apex will continue to provide investment custody and clearing services for SoFi Invest, including for our brokerage activities, under a multi-year revenue sharing arrangement.
Product Development and Partnerships
We celebrated launches across our product suite and strategic partnerships, establishing ourselves as a platform that enables individuals to borrow, save, spend, invest, and protect their assets. Recent notable product launches, developments and partnerships include:
2020:   (i) the official opening of SoFi Stadium and the establishment of a 20-year partnership with LA Stadium and Entertainment District at Hollywood Park in Inglewood, California, a multi-purpose sports and entertainment district that serves as the stadium for the National Football League teams the Los Angeles Chargers and Los Angeles Rams. SoFi's partnership with the owner of the LA Stadium and Entertainment District at Hollywood Park (“StadCo”) provides SoFi with exclusive naming rights of the stadium and official partnerships with the Los Angeles Chargers and Los Angeles Rams and with the performance venue, which shares a roof with the stadium, and the surrounding planned entertainment district, which is anticipated to include office space, retail space and hotel and dining options. SoFi's exclusive naming rights include naming the stadium “SoFi Stadium” a requirement that StadCo, the Los Angeles Chargers and the Los Angeles Rams use the name “SoFi Stadium” in all references to the stadium complex, and rights to signage and the use of certain suites and event space within the SoFi Stadium complex. SoFi's partnership with StadCo also provides SoFi with category exclusivity in the businesses of banking, lending and financial services, meaning StadCo, with certain limited exclusions, may not grant licenses to companies other than SoFi for advertising or sponsorship services within such categories. SoFi's 20-year partnership with the LA Stadium and Entertainment District at Hollywood Park, across the naming rights and sponsorship agreements, collectively requires SoFi to pay sponsorship fees quarterly in each contract year beginning in 2020 and ending in 2040 for an aggregate total of $625.0 million, which includes operating lease obligations, finance lease obligations and sponsorship and advertising opportunities at the stadium complex. See Note 15 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in “—Other Commitments” included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for payments under this arrangement in each of 2021 through 2025 and thereafter. We made payments totaling $6.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2020. See Note 15 in “—Contingencies” for discussion of an associated contingent matter;
  (ii) submitting an application to the OCC to be chartered as a de novo national bank, for which we received preliminary, conditional approval from the OCC. See “— Acquisitions” above for an update to this process in 2021; and
  (iii) launching our SoFi Credit Card, which carries no annual membership fee and provides up to two percent unlimited cash back when the cash back rewards are applied to a SoFi Money or SoFi Invest account, or used to pay down SoFi student loans or personal loans, as well as a one-percent annual percentage rate reduction after 12 consecutive on-time credit card payments, with the reduced rate sustained with continued on-time payments.
2019:  (i) launching SoFi Invest, a consumer investing service that offers stocks, Exchange-Traded Funds (“ETFs”) and robo-advising with no commissions or management fees, for which we conducted limited product testing beginning in 2017 with an official launch in early 2019;
  (ii) relaunching home loans, a refreshed mortgage offering complete with a reengineered process that helps members buy or refinance a home with an online application, no hidden fees or prepayment penalties;
  (iii) launching in-school loans, which are private loans available for undergraduate and graduate school students and parents with competitive rates, flexible payment options and a mobile-first experience; and
  (iv) launching SoFi Money, a digital, mobile banking experience for our members.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Our management and board of directors use adjusted net revenue and adjusted EBITDA, which are non-GAAP financial measures, to evaluate our operating performance, formulate business plans, help better assess our overall liquidity position, and make strategic decisions, including those relating to operating expenses and the allocation of internal resources. Accordingly, we believe that adjusted net revenue and adjusted EBITDA provide useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management and board of directors.
Adjusted Net Revenue
Adjusted net revenue is defined as total net revenue, adjusted to exclude the fair value changes in servicing rights and residual interests classified as debt due to valuation inputs and assumptions changes, which relate only to our Lending segment. We adjust total net revenue to exclude these items, as they are non-cash charges that are not realized during the period, and therefore positive or negative changes do not impact the cash available to fund our operations. This measure helps provide our management with an understanding of the net revenue available to finance our operations and helps management better decide on the proper expenses to authorize for each of our operating segments, to ultimately help achieve target contribution profit margins, which are set by our CODM on an annual basis. Therefore, the measure of adjusted net revenue serves as both the starting point for how we think about the liquidity generated from our operations and also the starting point for our annual financial planning, the latter of which focuses on the cash we expect to generate from our operating segments to help fund the current year’s strategic objectives. Adjusted net revenue has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, the analysis of other GAAP financial measures, such as total net revenue. The primary limitation of adjusted net revenue is its lack of comparability to other companies that do not utilize this measure or that use a similar measure that is defined in a different manner. We reconcile adjusted net revenue to total net revenue, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, as presented for the periods indicated below:
ipoe-20210422_g11.jpg
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)
202020192018
Total net revenue
$565,532 $442,659 $269,399 
Servicing rights – change in valuation inputs or assumptions(1)
17,459 (8,487)(1,197)
Residual interests classified as debt – change in valuation inputs or assumptions(2)
38,216 17,157 (27,481)
Adjusted net revenue
$621,207 $451,329 $240,721 
___________________
(1)Reflects changes in fair value inputs and assumptions on servicing rights, including conditional prepayment and default rates and discount rates. These assumptions are highly sensitive to market interest rate changes and are not indicative of our performance or results of operations. Moreover, these non-cash charges are unrealized during the period and, therefore, have no impact on our cash flows from operations. As such, these positive and negative changes are adjusted out of total net revenue to provide management and financial users with better visibility into the net revenue available to finance our operations and our overall performance.
(2)Reflects changes in fair value inputs and assumptions on residual interests classified as debt, including conditional prepayment and default rates and discount rates. When third parties finance our consolidated securitization VIEs by purchasing residual interests, we receive proceeds at the time of the closing of the securitization and, thereafter, pass along contractual cash flows to the residual interest owner. These residual debt obligations are measured
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at fair value on a recurring basis, but they have no impact on our initial financing proceeds, our future obligations to the residual interest owner (because future residual interest claims are limited to contractual securitization collateral cash flows), or the general operations of our business. As such, these positive and negative non-cash changes in fair value attributable to assumption changes are adjusted out of total net revenue to provide management and financial users with better visibility into the net revenue available to finance our operations.
Quarter Ended
($ in thousands)
December 31,
2020
September 30,
2020
June 30,
2020
March 31,
2020
December 31,
2019
September 30,
2019
June 30,
2019
March 31,
2019
Total net revenue(1)
$171,491 $200,787 $114,952 $78,302 $64,242 $129,392 $158,524 $90,501 
Servicing rights – change in valuation inputs or assumptions(2)
1,127 4,671 18,720 (7,059)(3,142)(2,268)(2,751)(326)
Residual interests classified as debt – change in valuation inputs or assumptions(3)
9,401 11,301 2,578 14,936 855 10,600 1,081 4,621 
Adjusted net revenue$182,019 $216,759 $136,250 $86,179 $61,955 $137,724 $156,854 $94,796 
___________________
(1)See “—Executive Summary” for discussion of the significant trends in consolidated total net revenue.
(2)See footnote (1) to the table above.
(3)See footnote (2) to the table above.
The reconciling items to determine our non-GAAP measure of adjusted net revenue are applicable only to the Lending segment. The table below presents adjusted net revenue for the Lending segment for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)202020192018
Total net revenue - Lending$480,866 $434,301 $266,748 
Servicing rights – change in valuation inputs or assumptions(1)
17,459 (8,487)(1,197)
Residual interests classified as debt – change in valuation inputs or assumptions(2)
38,216 17,157 (27,481)
Adjusted net revenue - Lending$536,541 $442,971 $238,070 
___________________
(1)See footnote (1) to the table above.
(2)See footnote (2) to the table above.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss), adjusted to exclude: (i) corporate borrowing-based interest expense (our adjusted EBITDA measure is not adjusted for warehouse or securitization-based interest expense, nor deposit interest expense and finance lease liability interest expense, as discussed further below), (ii) income taxes, (iii) depreciation and amortization, (iv) stock-based expense (inclusive of equity-based payments to non-employees), (v) impairment expense (inclusive of goodwill impairment and of property, equipment and software abandonments), (vi) transaction-related expenses, (vii) warrant fair value adjustments, and (viii) fair value changes in servicing rights and residual interests classified as debt due to valuation assumptions. We believe adjusted EBITDA provides a useful measure for period-over-period comparisons of our business, as it removes the effect of certain non-cash items and certain charges that are not indicative of our core operating performance or results of operations. It is also a measure that management relies upon to evaluate cash flows generated from operations, and therefore the extent of additional capital, if any, required to invest in strategic initiatives. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, the analysis of other GAAP financial measures, such as net loss. Some of the limitations of adjusted EBITDA include that it does not reflect the impact of working capital requirements or capital expenditures and it is not a universally consistent calculation among companies in our industry, which limits its usefulness as a comparative measure.
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We reconcile adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the periods indicated below:
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)
202020192018
Net loss$(224,053)$(239,697)$(252,399)
Non-GAAP adjustments(1):
Interest expense – corporate borrowings(2)
27,974 4,962 233 
Income tax expense (benefit)(3)
(104,468)98 (958)
Depreciation and amortization(4)
69,832 15,955 10,912 
Stock-based expense
100,778 61,419 43,459 
Impairment expense(5)
— 2,205 500 
Transaction-related expense(6)
9,161 — — 
Fair value changes in warrant liabilities(7)
20,525 (2,834)— 
Servicing rights – change in valuation inputs or assumptions(8)
17,459 (8,487)(1,197)
Residual interests classified as debt – change in valuation inputs or assumptions(9)
38,216 17,157 (27,481)
Total adjustments179,477 90,475 25,468 
Adjusted EBITDA$(44,576)$(149,222)$(226,931)
___________________
(1)For additional information on non-GAAP adjustments associated with our acquisitions during 2020, see Note 2 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus.
(2)Our adjusted EBITDA measure adjusts for corporate borrowing-based interest expense, which includes interest on our revolving credit facility and, for 2020, the seller note issued in connection with our acquisition of Galileo and other financings assumed in the acquisition, as these expenses are a function of our capital structure. Our adjusted EBITDA measure does not adjust for interest expense on warehouse facilities and securitization debt, which are recorded within interest expense — securitizations and warehouses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss), as these interest expenses are direct operating expenses driven by loan origination and sales activity. Additionally, our adjusted EBITDA measure does not adjust for interest expense on SoFi Money deposits or interest expense on our finance lease liability in connection with SoFi Stadium, which are recorded within interest expense — other in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss), as these interest expenses are direct operating expenses driven by SoFi Money deposits and finance leases, respectively. During 2020, we had a higher average balance on our revolving credit facility as a result of the Galileo acquisition, as well as interest expense related to the Galileo seller note issued in May 2020, which was comprised of non-cash interest expense accretion incurred because of the seller note discount to face value and interest expense incurred related to the outstanding seller note balance. The higher interest expense in 2019 relative to 2018 was due to increased borrowings under the revolving credit facility in 2019 and because we had a full year of interest expense in 2019, as we obtained our revolving credit facility in September 2018.
(3)Income tax benefit during 2020 was primarily attributable to a decrease in our valuation allowance as a result of the deferred tax liabilities recognized in connection with our acquisition of Galileo.
(4)Depreciation and amortization expense for 2020 increased compared to 2019 primarily due to: (i) amortization expense on intangible assets acquired during 2020 from Galileo and 8 Limited, (ii) acceleration of core banking infrastructure amortization, as Galileo’s infrastructure rendered the existing core banking infrastructure redundant, and (iii) amortization of purchased and internally-developed software.
(5)Impairment expense includes primarily software abandonment during 2019 and fixed asset abandonment during 2018.
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(6)During 2020, transaction-related expenses include certain costs, such as financial advisory and professional services costs, associated with our acquisitions of Galileo and 8 Limited.
(7)We issued warrants in connection with certain redeemable preferred stock issuances during 2019, which are accounted for as liabilities and are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Our adjusted EBITDA measure excludes the non-cash fair value changes in the warrants. See Note 10 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for additional information.
(8)Reflects changes in fair value inputs and assumptions, including market servicing costs, conditional prepayment and default rates and discount rates. This non-cash change is unrealized during the period and, therefore, has no impact on our cash flows from operations. As such, these positive and negative changes in fair value attributable to assumption changes are adjusted out of net income (loss) to provide management and financial users with better visibility into the earnings available to finance our operations.
(9)Reflects changes in fair value inputs and assumptions, including conditional prepayment and default rates and discount rates. When third parties finance our consolidated VIEs through purchasing residual interests, we receive proceeds at the time of the securitization close and, thereafter, pass along contractual cash flows to the residual interest owner. These obligations are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, which has no impact on our initial financing proceeds, our future obligations to the residual interest owner (because future residual interest claims are limited to contractual securitization collateral cash flows), or the general operations of our business. As such, these positive and negative non-cash changes in fair value attributable to assumption changes are adjusted out of net income (loss) to provide management and financial users with better visibility into the earnings available to finance our operations.
Quarter Ended
($ in thousands)
December 31,
2020
September 30,
2020
June 30,
2020
March 31,
2020
December 31,
2019
September 30,
2019
June 30,
2019
March 31,
2019
Net income (loss)
$(82,616)$(42,878)$7,808 $(106,367)$(122,541)$(57,559)$(10,218)$(49,379)
Non-GAAP adjustments:
Interest expense – corporate borrowings
19,125 4,346 3,415 1,088 1,155 1,350 1,354 1,103 
Income tax expense (benefit)
(4,949)192 (99,768)57 (411)472 32 
Depreciation and amortization25,486 24,676 14,955 4,715 5,155 4,265 3,362 3,173 
Stock-based expense30,089 26,551 24,453 19,685 17,615 15,673 14,528 13,603 
Impairment expense— — — — 384 1,821 — — 
Transaction-related expenses— 297 4,950 3,914 — — — — 
Fair value changes in warrant liabilities14,154 4,353 (861)2,879 (74)(2,010)(750)— 
Servicing rights – change in valuation inputs or assumptions1,127 4,671 18,720 (7,059)(3,142)(2,268)(2,751)(326)
Residual interests classified as debt – change in valuation inputs or assumptions9,401 11,301 2,578 14,936 855 10,600 1,081 4,621 
Total adjustments94,433 76,387 (31,558)40,215 21,537 29,903 16,829 22,206 
Adjusted EBITDA$11,817 $33,509 $(23,750)$(66,152)$(101,004)$(27,656)$6,611 $(27,173)
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Key Business Metrics
The table below presents the key business metrics that management uses to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends and make strategic decisions.
December 31,
2020 vs. 2019
% Change
2019 vs. 2018
% Change
202020192018
Members
1,850,871 976,459 652,801 90 %50 %
Total Products(1)
2,523,555 1,185,362 691,255 113 %71 %
Lending
Total Products
917,645 798,005 640,350 15 %25 %
Financial Services
Total Products(1)
1,605,910 387,357 50,905 315 %661 %
Technology Platform
Total Accounts59,359,843 — — n/mn/m
___________________
(1)As of December 31, 2020, we began to present the three products within the SoFi Invest brokerage service – active investing accounts, robo-advisory accounts and cryptocurrency accounts – separately in our measure of total products for Financial Services and overall. We updated the corresponding prior period metrics for comparability. See “— Total Products” for additional information.
See “— Summary Results by Segment” for additional metrics we review at the segment level.
Members
We refer to our customers as “members”. We define a member as someone who has a lending relationship with us through origination or servicing, opened a financial services account, linked an external account to our platform, or signed up for our credit score monitoring service. Once someone becomes a member, they are always considered a member unless they violate our terms of service given our members have continuous access to our CFPs, our career advice services, our member events, all of our content, educational material, news, tools and calculators at no cost to the member. Additionally, our mobile app and website have been designed with a member home feed that is personalized and delivers content to a member about what they must do that day in their financial life, what they should consider doing that day in their financial life, and what they can do that day in their financial life. We view members as an indication not only of the size and a measurement of growth of our business, but also as a measure of the significant value of the data we have collected over time. The data we collect from our members helps us to, among other things: (i) assess loan life performance data on each loan in our ecosystem, which can inform risk-based interest rates that we can offer our members, (ii) understand our members’ spending behavior to identify and suggest other products we offer that may align with the members’ financial needs; and (iii) enhance our opportunities to sell additional products to our members, as our members represent a vital source of marketing opportunities. When we provide additional products to members, it helps improve our unit economics per member, as we save on marketing costs we would otherwise incur to attract new members. It also increases the lifetime value of an individual member. This in turn enhances our Financial Services Productivity Loop. Member growth is generally an indicator of future revenue, but is not directly correlated with revenues, since not all members who sign up for one of our products fully utilize or continue to use our products, and not all of our products (such as our complementary product, SoFi Relay) provide direct sources of revenue.
Total Products
Total products refers to the aggregate number of lending and financial services products that our members have selected on our platform since our inception through the reporting date, whether or not the members are still registered for such products. In our Lending segment, total products refers to the number of home loans, personal loans and student loans that have been originated through our platform through the reporting date, whether or not such loans have been paid off. If a member has multiple loan products of the same loan product type, such as two personal loans, that is counted as a single product. However, if a member has multiple loan products across loan product types, such as one personal loan and one home loan, that is counted as two products. In our Financial Services segment, total products refers to the number of SoFi Money accounts, SoFi Invest accounts, SoFi Credit Card accounts, SoFi At Work accounts and SoFi Relay accounts (with either credit score monitoring enabled or external linked accounts) that have been opened through our platform through the reporting date. Our SoFi Invest service is comprised of three products: active investing accounts, robo-advisory accounts and cryptocurrency accounts. As of December 31, 2020, we began to present each product within SoFi Invest separately in our measure of total products for better visibility, as our members can select any one or combination of the three types of SoFi Invest products. We updated the prior
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period measures of Financial Services total products and overall total products for comparability. If a member has multiple SoFi Invest products of the same account type, such as two active investing accounts, that is counted as a single product. However, if a member has multiple SoFi Invest products across account types, such as one active investing account and one robo-advisory account, those separate account types are considered separate products. Total products is a primary indicator of the size and reach of our Lending and Financial Services segments. Management relies on total products metrics to understand the effectiveness of our member acquisition efforts and to gauge the propensity for members to use more than one product. As of December 31, 2020, we had 2,523,555 total products.
ipoe-20210422_g13.jpg
As of December 31, 2020, we had 917,645 total lending products, of which 501,045 were personal loans, 397,410 were student loans, 13,977 were home loans and 5,213 were in-school loans. The above growth in our lending products over time reflects our continued emphasis on origination of personal loans, student loans and home loans, inclusive of our entrance into in-school student lending in the third quarter of 2019.
As of December 31, 2020, we had 1,605,910 total financial services products, of which 645,502 were SoFi Money products, 531,541 were SoFi Invest products, 6,445 were SoFi Credit Card products, 408,735 were SoFi Relay products and 13,687 were SoFi At Work accounts. Growth in our financial services products over time reflects the impacts of our official launches of SoFi Money, SoFi Invest and SoFi Relay in early 2019.
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Technology Platform Total Accounts
In our Technology Platform segment, total accounts refers to the number of open accounts at Galileo as of the reporting date, excluding SoFi accounts. We exclude SoFi accounts because revenue generated by Galileo from the SoFi relationship is eliminated in consolidation. No information is reported prior to our acquisition of Galileo on May 14, 2020. Total accounts is a primary indicator of the accounts dependent upon Galileo’s technology platform to use virtual card products, virtual wallets, make peer-to-peer and bank-to-bank transfers, receive early paychecks, separate savings from spending balances, make debit transactions and rely upon real-time authorizations, all of which result in technology platform fees for the Technology Platform segment.
Key Factors Affecting Operating Results
Our future operating results and cash flows are dependent upon a number of opportunities, challenges and other factors, including our loan origination volume, financial services products and member activity on our platform, growth in Galileo accounts, competition and industry trends, general economic conditions and whether or not we are able to secure a national bank charter.
Origination Volume
Our Lending segment is our largest segment, comprising 85% and 98% of our total net revenue during the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We are dependent upon the addition of new members and new activity from existing members within our Lending segment to generate origination volume, which we believe is a contributor to Lending segment net revenue. We believe we have a high-quality loan portfolio, as indicated by our weighted average origination FICO score of 768 during the year ended December 31, 2020. See “— Industry Trends and General Economic Conditions” below for the impact of specific economic factors, including the COVID-19 pandemic, on origination volume.
Member Growth and Activity
We have invested heavily in our platform and are dependent on continued member growth, as well as our ability to generate additional revenues from our existing members using additional products and services. Member growth and activity is critical to our ability to increase our scale and earn a return on our technology and product investments. Growth in members and member activity will depend heavily on our ability to continue to offer attractive products and services at sustainable costs and our continued member acquisition and marketing efforts.
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Product Growth
Our aim is to develop and offer a best-in-class integrated financial services platform with products that meet the broad objectives of our members and the lifecycle of their financial needs. We have invested, and continue to invest, heavily in the development, improvement and marketing of our suite of lending and financial services products and are dependent on continued growth in the number of products selected by our members, as well as our ability to build trust and reliability between our members and our platform to reinforce the effects of the Financial Services Productivity Loop. In order to deliver on our strategy, we aim to foster positive member experiences designed to lead to more products per member, leading to enhanced profitability for each additional product by lowering overall member acquisition costs.
Galileo Account Growth
During 2020, we acquired Galileo, which primarily provides technology platform services to financial and non-financial institutions, to enable us to diversify our business from a primarily consumer-based business to also serve enterprises that rely upon Galileo’s integrated platform as a service to serve their customers. We are dependent on growth in the number of accounts at Galileo, which is an indication of the amount of users that are dependent upon the technology platform for a variety of products and services, including virtual card products, virtual wallets, peer-to-peer and bank-to-bank transfers, early paychecks and relying on real-time authorizations, all of which generate revenues for Galileo.
Competition
We face competition from several financial services institutions given our status as a diversified financial services provider. In each of our reportable segments, we may compete with more established financial institutions, some of which have more financial resources than we do. We compete at multiple levels, including competition among other personal loan, student loan, credit card and residential mortgage lenders, competition for deposits in our SoFi Money product from traditional banks and other non-bank lenders, competition for investment accounts in our SoFi Invest product from other brokerage firms, including those based on online or mobile platforms, competition for subscribers to our financial services content, and competition with other technology platforms for the enterprise services we provide. Some of our competitors may at times seek to increase their market share by undercutting pricing terms prevalent in that market, which could adversely affect our market share for any of our products and services or require us to incur higher member acquisition costs. Furthermore, our competitors could offer relatively attractive benefits to our current members, which could limit members using more than one product.
Industry Trends and General Economic Conditions
Our results of operations have historically been relatively resilient to economic downturns but in the future may be impacted by the relative strength of the overall economy and its effect on unemployment, asset markets and consumer spending. As general economic conditions improve or deteriorate, the amount of consumer disposable income tends to fluctuate, which in turn impacts consumer spending levels and the willingness of consumers to take out loans to finance purchases or invest in financial assets. Specific economic factors, such as interest rate levels, changes in monetary and related policies, unemployment rates, market volatility and consumer confidence also influence consumer spending, saving, investing and borrowing patterns. Increased focus by policymakers and the new presidential administration on outstanding student loans has led to discussions of potential legislative and regulatory actions, among other possible steps, to reduce outstanding balances of or cancel loans at a significant scale, including the potential forgiveness of federal student debt. Such actions resulting in forgiveness or cancellation at a meaningful scale would likely have an adverse impact on our results of operations and overall business.
Additionally, our business has been, and may continue to be, impacted by some of the national measures taken to counteract the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, the CARES Act and subsequent extensions of certain hardship provisions have led to decreased demand for our student loan refinancing products. The Federal Reserve’s actions to reduce interest rates to near-zero benchmark levels have led to increased demand for home loan refinancing and we believe have increased the attractiveness of our SoFi Invest product, as members look for alternative ways to earn higher returns on their cash. Conversely, these lower benchmark rates have reduced deposit interest rates we can offer on our SoFi Money product, which we believe has adversely impacted demand for the product. As consumer spending behavior has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, we believe there has also been decreased demand for debt consolidation products, which negatively impacts our personal loans origination volume. In addition, the increases in forbearance during 2020 have led to lower valuations on our loans. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our products and measures we have taken to help our Company and our members navigate the uncertain economic environment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed further throughout this “SoFi’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.
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National Bank Charter
A key element of our long-term strategy is to secure a national bank charter. In March 2021, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger to acquire Golden Pacific, a registered bank holding company, and its wholly owned subsidiary Golden Pacific Bank, a national banking association. See “Information About SoFi — Government Regulation — Bank Acquisition” for additional information on the regulatory approvals required to close the proposed acquisition. If we are successful in securing a national bank charter through the proposed acquisition, we expect to incur additional costs in our operation of the bank primarily associated with headcount, technology infrastructure, governance, compliance and risk management, marketing, and other general and administrative expenses.
The key expected financial benefits to us of obtaining a national bank charter include: (i) lowering our cost to fund loans, as we can utilize SoFi Money deposits to fund loans, which have a lower borrowing cost of funds than our current financing model, (ii) holding loans on our balance sheet for longer periods, thereby enabling us to earn interest on these loans for a longer period and increasing our net interest margin, and (iii) supporting origination volume growth by providing an alternative financing option, while also maintaining our warehouse capacity. There can be no guarantee that we will be able to secure a national bank charter, either through the proposed acquisition or through the formation of a de novo national bank or, if we do, that we will realize the anticipated benefits. See “Risk Factors — We are acquiring a national bank, which is subject to regulatory approvals and other closing conditions and, if consummated, the acquisition will subject us to significant additional regulation.
Key Components of Results of Operations
Interest Income
Interest income is predominantly driven by loan origination volume, prevailing interest rates that we receive on the loans we make and the amount of time we hold loans on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Securitizations interest income is driven by our securitization-related investments in bonds and residual interest positions, which are required under securitization risk retention rules. See Note 1 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for additional information on our securitization-related investments. Moreover, we earn other interest income on excess corporate cash balances and SoFi Money member balances. Related party interest income is derived from notes extended to Apex and one of our stockholders, and is not core to our operations. We received full repayment of both notes prior to the date of this filing.
Interest Expense
Interest expense primarily includes interest we incur under our warehouse facilities, inclusive of the amortization of debt issuance costs, and under our securitization debt, inclusive of debt issuance costs and discounts. We incur securitization-related interest expense when securitization transfers do not qualify as true sales pursuant to ASC 810, Consolidation. Securitization-related interest expense fluctuates depending on the level of our securitization activity, market rates and whether and how much such activity results in true sale treatment. We also incur interest expense related to our revolving credit facility and on the seller note issued in connection with our acquisition of Galileo in May 2020, as well as on the other financings assumed in the acquisition. For our residual interests classified as debt, we recognize interest expense over the expected life using the effective yield method, which represents a portion of the overall fair value change in the residual interests classified as debt. On a quarterly basis, we reevaluate the cash flow estimates to determine if a change to the accretable yield is required on a prospective basis, which is a reclassification between two income statement line items, and therefore has no net impact on net income (loss). We also pay interest income to our members who have SoFi Money account balances, which is interest expense to us. Interest expense is dependent on market interest rates, such as LIBOR, interest rate spreads versus benchmark rates, the amount of warehouse capacity we can access, warehouse advance rates and the amount of loans we ultimately pledge to our warehouse facilities. Finally, we incur interest on our finance lease liabilities associated with SoFi Stadium, which relate to certain physical signage within the stadium. Our interest expense has historically fluctuated due to changes in the interest rate environment and we expect it will continue to fluctuate in future periods.
Noninterest Income
Noninterest income primarily consists of: (i) fair value changes in loans while we hold them on our Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) gains on sales of loans transferred into the securitization or whole loan sale channels; (iii) the income we receive from our loan servicing activities; (iv) fair value changes related to our securitization activities; and (v) revenue recognized pursuant to ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which primarily relates to our Technology Platform fees and
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referral services. When we originate a loan, we generally expect that we will sell the loan for more than its par value, which will result in positive loan origination and sales results. Moreover, loan origination and sales also includes recognized servicing assets at the time of a loan sale. The subsequent measurement of our servicing asset at fair value impacts the servicing line in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). When we sell a loan into a securitization trust that qualifies for true sale accounting, the gain or loss on sale is recorded within loan origination and sales. The securitizations line item is impacted by fair value changes in securitization loan collateral, residual interests classified as debt and our securitization investments associated with our continuing interest in the securitization subsequent to the sale. Historically, revenue recognized in accordance with ASC 606 has been relatively immaterial given our significant lending operations. However, our acquisition of Galileo during 2020 led to increased revenue from contracts with customers, primarily in the form of Technology Platform fees.
Noninterest Expense
Noninterest expense relates to the following categories of expenses: (i) technology and product development, (ii) sales and marketing, (iii) cost of operations, and (iv) general and administrative. Included within each of these line items is compensation and benefits-related expense, inclusive of stock-based compensation expense, advertising, and other various marketing activities, professional services and depreciation and amortization. We allocate certain costs to each of these four categories based on department-level headcounts. We generally expect the expenses within each such category to increase in absolute dollars as our business continues to grow.
Directly Attributable Expenses
As presented within “—Summary Results by Segment”, in our determination of the contribution profit (loss) for our Lending, Financial Services and Technology Platform segments, we allocate certain expenses that are directly attributable to the corresponding segment. Directly attributable expenses primarily include sales and marketing, commissions and bonuses, and loan origination and servicing expenses, and vary based on the amount of activity within each segment. Directly attributable expenses also include certain employee salaries and benefits, professional services, occupancy and travel, sales and marketing, tools and subscriptions, and bank service charge expenses. Expenses are attributed to the reportable segments using either direct costs of the segment or labor costs that can be attributed based upon the allocation of employee time for individual products.
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth consolidated statements of income data for the years indicated:
Year ended December 31,2020 vs. 2019 % Change2019 vs. 2018 % Change
($ in thousands)
202020192018
Interest income
Loans
$330,353 $570,466 $568,209 (42)%— %
Securitizations
24,031 23,179 19,300 %20 %
Related party notes
3,189 3,338 — (4)%
n/m
Other
5,964 11,210 2,109 (47)%432 %
Total interest income
363,537 608,193 589,618 (40)%%
Interest expense

Securitizations and warehouses155,150 268,063 330,186 (42)%(19)%
Other30,456 10,296 368 196 %
n/m
Total interest expense185,606 278,359 330,554 (33)%(16)%
Net interest income177,931 329,834 259,064 (46)%27 %
Noninterest income


Loan origination and sales
371,323 299,265 123,046 24 %143 %
Securitizations
(70,251)(199,125)(114,705)(65)%74 %
Servicing
(19,426)8,486 1,197 (329)%609 %
Technology Platform fees
90,128 — — n/m
n/m
Other
15,827 4,199 797 277 %427 %
Total noninterest income
387,601 112,825 10,335 244 %992 %
Total net revenue565,532 442,659 269,399 28 %64 %
Noninterest expense


Technology and product development
201,199 147,458 99,319 36 %48 %
Sales and marketing
276,577 266,198 212,604 %25 %
Cost of operations
178,896 116,327 88,885 54 %31 %
General and administrative
237,381 152,275 121,948 56 %25 %
Total noninterest expense
894,053 682,258 522,756 31 %31 %
Loss before income taxes
(328,521)(239,599)(253,357)37 %(5)%
Income tax (expense) benefit
104,468 (98)958 n/m(110)%
Net loss
$(224,053)$(239,697)$(252,399)(7)%(5)%
Other comprehensive income (loss)


Foreign currency translation adjustments, net
$(145)$(9)$21 n/m(143)%
Total other comprehensive income (loss)(145)(9)21 n/m(143)%
Comprehensive loss$(224,198)$(239,706)$(252,378)(6)%(5)%
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Year Ended December 31, 2020 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2019
Interest Income
The following table presents the components of our total interest income for the years indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)
20202019
$ Variance
% Change
Loans
$330,353 $570,466 $(240,113)(42)%
Securitizations
24,031 23,179 852 %
Related party notes
3,189 3,338 (149)(4)%
Other
5,964 11,210 (5,246)(47)%
Total interest income
$363,537 $608,193 $(244,656)(40)%
Total interest income decreased by $244.7 million, or 40%, for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 due to the following:
Loan interest income decreased by $240.1 million, or 42%, primarily driven by a $218.3 million decrease in personal loan interest income year over year. A significant portion of this decrease was related to a decline in securitization loan interest income of $209.4 million, which was a function of our deconsolidation of three variable interest entities (“VIEs”) during 2020 that were previously consolidated during 2019 (we recognized a loss of $6.1 million during 2020 within noninterest income related to these VIE deconsolidations), and earning interest income from loans in three consolidated VIEs in 2019 that were deconsolidated in the fourth quarter of 2019 (we recognized a loss of $38.7 million within noninterest income related to the fourth quarter 2019 VIE deconsolidations). In all cases, our deconsolidations of previously consolidated VIEs were triggered by a third party purchasing enough residual interest ownership in the VIEs from us such that we owned less than 10% of the VIE residual interest. As we no longer had a significant financial interest in the VIEs, we deconsolidated them, which included the related securitization loans.
Further, we did not consolidate any personal loan VIEs during 2020. In addition, our monthly average non-securitization personal loan balance during 2020 was 5% lower than in 2019, which contributed to an $8.9 million decline in loan interest income year over year. This decline was heavily influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, which contributed to a year-over-year decline in personal loan origination volume of 31%. Student loan securitization interest income declined by $34.1 million, which was correlated with an increase in prepayments and was also negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. These declines in interest were offset by an $11.6 million increase in non-securitization student loan interest income, which was consistent with a 33% higher average balance year over year as a result of a longer holding period for loans on the balance sheet and a significant strategic purchase of loans during 2020.
Securitizations interest income increased by $0.9 million, or 4%, which was attributable to an increase in residual investment interest income of $2.9 million and asset-backed bonds of $1.2 million. These increases were offset by a decline in securitization float interest income of $3.2 million, which was largely attributable to declining interest rates during 2020.
Related party notes interest income decreased by $0.1 million, or 4%, due to a decrease in interest income on a stockholder loan, which was fully settled in 2020, partially offset by an increase in interest income related to our loans to Apex, as the first loan was issued in November 2019 with additional amounts loaned during 2020.
In March 2019, we entered into a $58.0 million note receivable agreement with a stockholder (the “Note Receivable Stockholder”), which accrued interest at 7.0%. In October 2019, we assigned a portion of our call option rights pursuant to such agreement to another stockholder who paid $15.2 million to purchase an aggregate of 1,722,144 common and preferred shares held by the Note Receivable Stockholder. The Note Receivable Stockholder then paid us $15.2 million to settle a portion of the outstanding note receivable and accrued interest owed to us. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Note Receivable Stockholder made payments totaling $47.8 million to settle the remaining outstanding note receivable and accrued interest.
As of December 31, 2020, we had three notes receivable outstanding from Apex with a total principal balance of $16.7 million, of which $7.6 million was loaned by us during the year ended December 31, 2020 in two transactions and accrues interest annually at a fixed rate of 10.0%. The initial note receivable of $9.1 million was loaned by us in November 2019 and
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accrues interest annually at a fixed rate of 5.0% as of December 31, 2020. In February 2021, Apex repaid the total outstanding principal balances and accrued interest.
See Note 14 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for additional information on our related party notes.
Other interest income decreased by $5.2 million, or 47%, primarily due to interest rate decreases during 2020, which impacted the interest income we earn on our bank balances and Member Bank deposits.
Interest Expense
The following table presents the components of our total interest expense for the years indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)
20202019
$ Variance
% Change
Securitizations and warehouses
$155,150 $268,063 $(112,913)(42)%
Other
30,456 10,296 20,160196 %
Total interest expense
$185,606 $278,359 $(92,753)(33)%
Total interest expense decreased by $92.8 million, or 33%, for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, due to the following:
Interest expense related to securitizations and warehouses decreased by $112.9 million, or 42%. The following tables present the components of securitizations and warehouses interest expense and other pertinent information.
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)
20202019
$ Variance
% Change
Securitization debt interest expense$66,110 $132,811 $(66,701)(50)%
Warehouse debt interest expense51,983 80,895 (28,912)(36)%
Residual interests classified as debt interest expense12,678 30,562(17,884)(59)%
Debt issuance cost interest expense24,379 23,795584%
Securitizations and warehouses interest expense
$155,150 $268,063 $(112,913)(42)%
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)20202019% Change
Average debt balances

Securitization debt$1,794,758 $3,888,058 (54)%
Warehouses facilities2,266,694 1,800,902 26 %
Residual interests classified as debt123,212 379,030 (67)%
Weighted average interest rates(1)

Securitization debt3.7 %3.4 %n/m
Warehouse facilities2.3 %4.5 %n/m
Residual interests classified as debt10.3 %8.1 %n/m
___________________
(1)Interest rates on securitization debt and warehouse facilities exclude the effect of debt issuance cost interest expense.
The decrease in interest expense related to securitizations and warehouses was driven by the following:
Securitization debt interest expense (exclusive of debt issuance and discount amortization) decreased $66.7 million, which was correlated with the deconsolidation of VIEs discussed above and the absence of new consolidated VIEs, with the exception of one student loan VIE, which was only briefly consolidated before we transferred the significant portion of our financial interest and subsequently deconsolidated it. Moreover, the majority of our student loan securitization debt is tied to one-month LIBOR, which decreased during 2020;
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Warehouse debt interest expense (exclusive of debt issuance amortization) decreased $28.9 million, which was related to a decrease in one- and three-month LIBOR during 2020. Interest rate declines were partially offset by a higher average warehouse debt balance outstanding during 2020;
Residual interests classified as debt interest expense decreased $17.9 million, which was correlated with a lower balance of residual interests classified as debt during 2020, a significant driver of which was the aforementioned deconsolidation of VIEs during 2020 and 2019; and
Debt issuance cost interest expense increased $0.6 million, which was associated with an initiative to increase our warehouse borrowing capacity to protect against potential future funding constraints attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by a decrease in securitization debt issuance costs in 2020, which was driven by the deconsolidations discussed above.
Other interest expense increased by $20.2 million, or 196%, primarily due to the following:
interest expense related to the Galileo seller note issued in May 2020, which was comprised of two components: (i) non-cash interest expense accretion of $6.0 million incurred because of the seller note discount to face value, and (ii) interest expense incurred of $16.2 million related to the outstanding seller note balance of $250.0 million at a stated rate of 10.0%;
an increase of $0.8 million in our revolving credit facility interest expense, which reflects our higher average balance during 2020, as we drew $325.0 million on the facility during 2020, partially offset by a decline in one-month LIBOR during 2020; and
an offsetting decrease in interest expense of $3.0 million associated with SoFi Money balances, which was correlated with the decline in interest rates during 2020.
Noninterest Income and Net Revenue
The following table presents the components of our total noninterest income and total net revenue for the years indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)
20202019
$ Variance
% Change
Loan origination and sales
$371,323 $299,265 $72,058 24 %
Securitizations
(70,251)(199,125)128,874 (65)%
Servicing
(19,426)8,486 (27,912)(329)%
Technology Platform fees
90,128 — 90,128 n/m
Other
15,827 4,199 11,628 277 %
Total noninterest income
$387,601 $112,825 $274,776 244 %
Total net revenue
$565,532 $442,659 $122,873 28 %
Total noninterest income increased by $274.8 million, or 244%, for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, due to the following:
Loan origination and sales increased by $72.1 million, or 24%. We experienced an $81.1 million year-over-year increase in home loan originations and sales related income, net of hedges, and related interest rate lock commitments, which was driven by a 182% increase in home loans origination volume and a mix shift toward more FNMA loans during 2020, which sell for a greater loan premium compared to non-agency home loans. Home loan origination fees also increased by $7.9 million year over year in conjunction with the increase in origination volume. Additionally, improved loan credit and underwriting performance of personal and student loans resulted in lower combined write-offs and repurchase expense year over year.
Offsetting these increases was a $16.9 million decline in aggregate personal and student loan origination and sales income, which was attributable to lower origination volumes, partially offset by combined lower write-offs and repurchase expense. Student loan origination volume declined 26% year over year, primarily due to lower demand for our student loan refinancing products as a result of the payment deferral period on federal student loans enacted through the CARES Act in 2020. Personal loan origination volume declined 31% year over year, primarily due to our efforts in 2020 to further tighten our underwriting and credit policies to mitigate our credit risk exposure during the economic downturn combined with lower demand for
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personal loan financing, which we believe is a result of lower consumer spending behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. See “— Key Factors Affecting Operating Results — Industry Trends and General Economic Conditions”.
Securitization income increased by $128.9 million, or 65%, due to a reduction in securitization loan write-offs of $82.5 million, which was related to the deconsolidation of VIEs and stronger securitization loan credit performance during 2020. The decrease in securitization loan write-offs also had the impact of improving our assumed future credit outlook for our securitization loans, which contributed to an aggregate increase of $39.0 million year over year in securitization loan fair market value changes.
These increases were offset by residual debt fair value increases of $16.4 million, which were correlated with underlying securitization performance and residual interest positions representing a greater percentage of securitization claims (which occurs over time as securitization loans are paid off and accordingly securitization debt gets paid off) year over year, of which $21.1 million was related to non-cash unfavorable fair value changes in residual interests classified as debt valuation assumptions and inputs. Further, we experienced an increase in our residual investment earnings of $23.7 million, which was largely due to a $38.7 million loss realized in the fourth quarter of 2019 related to the deconsolidation of three personal loan VIEs compared to losses in 2020 of $8.6 million attributable to a previously consolidated VIE that was both consolidated and deconsolidated in 2020 and $6.1 million attributable to the deconsolidation of three additional VIEs.
The table below presents additional information related to loan gains and losses and overall performance:
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)20202019$ Variance% Change
Gains from non-securitization loan transfers$259,451 $129,989 $129,462 100 %
Gains from loan securitization transfers (1)
129,855 226,394 (96,539)(43)%
Economic derivative hedges of loan fair values(2)
(54,829)(24,803)(30,026)121 %
Home loan origination fees(3)
11,576 3,639 7,937 218 %
Loan write-off expense – whole loans(4)
(5,873)(13,888)8,015 (58)%
Loan write-off expense – securitization loans(5)
(38,621)(121,102)82,481 (68)%
Loan repurchase expense(6)
(342)(2,337)1,995 (85)%
___________________
(1)Represents the gain recognized on loan securitization transfers qualifying for sale accounting treatment during the years presented.
(2)Although not an economic hedge of loan fair values, we also had gains of $14.5 million and $0.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, related to interest rate lock commitments. The year over year change was correlated with a significant increase in home loan origination volume.
(3)This variance was correlated with an increase in home loan origination volume year over year.
(4)Includes gross write-offs of $17.1 million and $22.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. During 2020, $3.6 million of the $11.2 million of recoveries were captured via loan sales to a third-party collection agency. During 2019, $0 of the $8.4 million of recoveries were captured via loan sales to a third-party collection agency.
(5)Includes gross write-offs of $54.7 million and $139.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. During 2020, $7.2 million of the $16.1 million of recoveries were captured via loan sales to a third-party collection agency. During 2019, $7.6 million of the $18.1 million of recoveries were captured via loan sales to a third-party collection agency.
(6)Loan repurchase expense trends were generally correlated with the prior quarter's origination volume.
Servicing income decreased by $27.9 million, or 329%, and was primarily related to fair value changes in our servicing assets that were largely attributable to an increase in servicing asset prepayment speed assumptions year over year. We experienced an increase in loan prepayments during 2020, which we believe is correlated with the market interest rate declines in 2020 compared to 2019. We expect prepayments to continue to remain at a higher than historical level in the current low interest rate environment that is expected to persist into the next fiscal year.
We own the master servicing on all the servicing rights that we retain and, in each case, recognize the gross servicing rate applicable to each serviced loan. Subservicers are utilized for all serviced student and home loans, which represents a cost to SoFi, but these arrangements do not impact our calculation of the weighted average basis points earned for each loan type serviced. Further, there is no impact on servicing income due to forbearance and moratoriums on certain debt collection
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activities, and there are no waivers of late fees. The table below presents additional information related to our loan servicing activities:
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)20202019$ Variance% Change
Servicing income recognized
Home loans(1)
$4,651 $2,648 $2,003 76 %
Student loans(2)
50,491 47,489 3,002 %
Personal loans(3)
42,646 34,290 8,356 24 %
Servicing rights fair value change
Home loans(4)
10,733 4,558 6,175 135 %
Student loans(5)
(37,945)16,507 (54,452)(330)%
Personal loans(6)
(24,809)14,849 (39,658)(267)%
______________
(1)The weighted average basis points ("bps") earned for home loan servicing during the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was 24 bps and 26 bps, respectively.
(2)The weighted average bps earned for student loan servicing during the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was 37 bps and 39 bps, respectively.
(3)The weighted average bps earned for personal loan servicing during the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was 74 bps and 72 bps, respectively.
(4)The impact on the fair value change resulting from changes in valuation inputs and assumptions was $(5.1) million and $1.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(5)The impact of the fair value change resulting from changes in valuation inputs and assumptions was $(20.2) million and $0.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The 2020 period includes the impact of the derecognition of servicing due to loan purchases, which had an effect of $(12.9) million on the total fair value change.
(6)The impact of the fair value change resulting from changes in valuation inputs and assumptions was $7.8 million and $6.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Technology Platform fees of $90.1 million during 2020 were earned by Galileo, which we acquired on May 14, 2020 and, therefore, had no impact in 2019. We earn Technology Platform revenues for providing continuous delivery of an integrated technology platform as an outsourced service for financial and non-financial institutions, which is a stand-ready performance obligation that comprises a series of distinct days of service. Our Technology Platform fees are billed based on the actual fulfillment activities to provide the technology platform, which vary from day to day and from customer to customer.
During 2020, our Technology Platform fees were billed on a monthly basis for an integrated, seamless and comprehensive solution suite, which predominantly includes: virtual card product support; real time push provisioning for virtual cards; enablement of transfers from challenger bank accounts to other banks or individuals; enabling card loads and load transfers directly through ACH debits and credits; facilitating person-to-person transfers; maintenance and support for active and inactive accounts on the platform; processing of chargebacks, fraud analysis, credit bureau reporting, facilitating the ability to receive early paychecks; supporting savings as a separate balance in our system; calculating and assessing interest based on account balance tiers; providing access to our native Program, Authorization, and Events APIs, which provide alerts on all transaction types (e.g., notification of card roundups); authorization, routing and processing of payment transactions (debit, credit, online purchases); debit card production and shipment and real-time data analytics and reporting.
Other income increased by $11.6 million, or 277%, primarily due to increases of $3.4 million in equity method investment income, $3.4 million in brokerage-related fees, $2.9 million in payment network fees and $2.2 million in referral fees. The brokerage fees and payment network fees earned during 2020 were bolstered by our acquisitions of 8 Limited and Galileo. The equity method investment income increase was reflective of an increase in trading volume at our equity method investee, Apex. This trend in trading volume also positively impacted our brokerage-related fees. Equity method investment income included a $4.3 million impairment charge recognized during the fourth quarter of 2020, which was incurred because the seller of our Apex interest exercised its call option on our equity investment in January 2021 and we measured the carrying value of our Apex equity method investment as of December 31, 2020 equal to the call payment. Payment network fees (which include interchange fees) were directly correlated with increased spending and card transactions on our platform during 2020 compared to 2019. Lastly, the referral fee increase was primarily attributable to our material affiliate revenue relationships launched during the third quarter of 2019; therefore, 2019 is not fully comparable to 2020.
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Noninterest Expense
The following table presents the components of our total noninterest expense for the years indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)
20202019
$ Variance
% Change
Technology and product development
$201,199 $147,458 $53,741 36 %
Sales and marketing
276,577 266,198 10,379 %
Cost of operations
178,896 116,327 62,569 54 %
General and administrative
237,381 152,275 85,106 56 %
Total noninterest expense
$894,053 $682,258 $211,795 31 %
Total noninterest expense increased by $211.8 million, or 31%, for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, due to the following:
Technology and product development expenses increased by $53.7 million, or 36%, primarily due to:
an increase in amortization expense on intangible assets of $24.6 million, of which $19.9 million was associated with intangible assets acquired during 2020, and of which $5.8 million was related to the acceleration of our core banking infrastructure amortization. These increases were offset by lower amortization in 2020 due to certain smaller intangible assets that were fully amortized during 2019;
an increase in purchased and internally-developed software amortization of $4.2 million, which was reflective of increased investments in technology to support our growth;
an increase in employee compensation and benefits of $27.1 million, inclusive of an increase in share-based compensation expense of $12.2 million, which was related to a 12% increase in technology and product personnel in support of our growth in addition to an increase in compensation per person in 2020;
an increase in software licenses and tools and subscriptions spend of $6.9 million related to headcount increases and internal technology initiatives, which was partially offset by $2.1 million of software abandonment in 2019 ; and
partially offset by a decrease in the utilization of professional services of $2.3 million.
Sales and marketing expenses increased by $10.4 million, or 4%, primarily due to:
an increase in amortization expense of $22.1 million associated with the customer-related intangible assets acquired during 2020;
an increase in employee compensation and benefits of $10.5 million, inclusive of an increase in share-based compensation expense of $3.9 million, which was correlated with a 29% increase in sales and marketing personnel to support our growth. The headcount-related compensation increase was partially offset by higher severance expense of $1.0 million and higher bonus and commission expenses of $0.8 million during 2019;
an increase in professional services of $3.2 million during 2020; and
SoFi Stadium related marketing expenditures of $11.5 million related to the opening of SoFi Stadium, which is exclusive of depreciation and interest expense on the embedded lease portion of our SoFi Stadium agreement;
partially offset by a decrease in marketing referrals of $4.0 million, which was reflective of an initiative to rely less on this channel for member growth during 2020; and
further partially offset by a decrease in advertising expenditures of $31.1 million, which was attributable to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our live sports marketing strategy, the aforementioned SoFi Stadium related marketing expenditures in lieu of advertising expenditures, and the expected advertising benefits we expected to derive from the opening of SoFi Stadium.
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Cost of operations increased by $62.6 million, or 54%, primarily due to:
an increase in loan origination expenses of $16.2 million, of which $16.6 million was related to home loans, which supported the growth in home loan origination volume year over year;
an increase in third-party fulfillment expenses of $12.5 million, which was primarily attributable to post-acquisition Galileo operations, and primarily relates to the fees we pay to payment networks to route authorized transactions;
an increase in employee compensation and benefits of $20.0 million, inclusive of an increase in share-based compensation expense of $4.4 million, which was correlated with a 15% increase in cost of operations personnel in support of our growth in addition to an increase in home loan commissions of $5.8 million related to growth in the home loan product. The headcount-related compensation increase was partially offset by higher severance expense of $0.7 million during 2019;
an increase in occupancy-related costs of $5.6 million;
an increase in software licenses and tools and subscriptions of $5.1 million related to headcount increases and internal technology initiatives;
an increase of $3.3 million associated with SoFi Money account write-offs; and
an increase in brokerage-related costs of $2.1 million related to the growth of SoFi Invest and our wholly-owned subsidiary, 8 Limited, which we acquired in April 2020;
partially offset by a decrease in professional services of $5.2 million, primarily due to non-recurring operations costs related to SoFi Money incurred in 2019.
General and administrative expenses increased by $85.1 million, or 56%, primarily due to:
an increase in employee compensation and benefits of $37.0 million, inclusive of an increase in share-based compensation expense of $18.5 million, which was related to a 46% increase in general and administrative personnel to support our growing infrastructure and administrative needs in addition to an increase in compensation per person in 2020;
an increase in bank service charges of $5.8 million, which was primarily related to an increase in unused line fees as a result of increased capacity on our warehouse lines partially offset by a decrease in bank fees year over year;
an increase in software licenses and tools and subscriptions of $3.6 million;
transaction-related expenses of $9.2 million during 2020 associated with our acquisitions of 8 Limited and Galileo, which largely consisted of legal, accounting and financial advisory services;
share-based payments to non-employees of $0.9 million during 2020 for financial advisory services related to our acquisitions;
an increase in non-transaction related professional services of $5.7 million, which included accounting and legal services; and
an increase in the fair value of our warrant liabilities of $23.4 million related to an increase in the fair value of our Series H preferred stock.
Net Loss
Our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2020 improved by $15.6 million, or 7%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily due to the factors discussed above, as well as the change in income taxes. The primary driver of the $104.6 million year-over-year decrease in income taxes was associated with the remeasurement of our valuation allowance during 2020, which was primarily a result of the deferred tax liabilities recognized in connection with our acquisition of
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Galileo, which decreased the valuation allowance by $99.8 million. The deferred tax liabilities recognized in the acquisition were substantially all related to acquired intangibles, which had a fair value of $388.0 million and a tax basis of zero.
Year Ended December 31, 2019 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2018
Interest Income
The following table presents the components of our total interest income for the years indicated:
($ in thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
$ Variance
% Change
20192018
Loans
$570,466 $568,209 $2,257 — %
Securitizations
23,179 19,300 3,879 20 %
Related party notes
3,338 — 3,338 
n/m
Other
11,210 2,109 9,101 432 %
Total interest income$608,193 $589,618 $18,575 %
Total interest income increased by $18.6 million, or 3%, for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018 due to the following:
Loan interest income increased by $2.3 million, or less than 1%, primarily driven by an increase in personal loan interest income of $50.4 million, offset by declines in student loan interest income of $45.2 million and home loan interest income of $2.9 million. Interest income varies from period to period based on prevailing weighted average coupon rates that we charge on our loans, origination volume during the period and the amount of time our loans remain on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The increase in personal loan interest income was driven by an increase in monthly average personal loan balances year over year in addition to an increase in the monthly weighted average coupon rate. The decline in student loan interest income was primarily driven by a decrease in monthly average student loan balances, while the decline in home loans interest income was primarily driven by a decrease in monthly average home loan balances outstanding during 2019, in addition to a decrease in the weighted average coupon rates that we charge on our loans.
Securitizations interest income from our securitization investments and interest earned on member loan payments made prior to our remittance to securitization investors increased year over year by $3.9 million driven by the additive effect of our 2019 securitization transactions.
Related party notes interest income of $3.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 was attributable to a stockholder loan and an Apex note receivable. In March 2019, we entered into a $58.0 million note receivable agreement with a stockholder, which accrued interest at 7.0% per annum. In October 2019, the stockholder settled $15.2 million of the note receivable and accrued interest owed to us. The remaining balance was outstanding as of December 31, 2019. In November 2019, we lent $9.1 million to Apex at an interest rate of 12.5% per annum. The Apex note receivable was outstanding as of December 31, 2019, with no payment activity during 2019. See Note 14 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for additional information on these arrangements.
Other interest income increased by $9.1 million, or 432%, due to growth in Member Bank deposit interest income of $5.7 million, which was reflective of our official launch of the SoFi Money product in early 2019 and nearly a full year of deposit interest income in 2019 compared to limited product testing for a partial period in 2018. The remaining portion of the increase was tied to bank interest income, which was largely attributable to higher cash balances in 2019.
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Interest Expense
The following table presents the components of our total interest expense for the years indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)
20192018
$ Variance
% Change
Securitizations and warehouses
$268,063 $330,186 $(62,123)(19)%
Other
10,296 368 9,928 
n/m
Total interest expense
$278,359 $330,554 $(52,195)(16)%
Total interest expense decreased by $52.2 million, or 16%, for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018 due to the following:
Interest expense related to securitizations and warehouses decreased by $62.1 million, or 19%, primarily due to:
a decrease in securitization residual debt interest expense of $51.9 million, which was correlated with a lower balance of securitization residual debt in addition to a lower effective yield on the residual debt, which lowered the interest expense recognized and was related to tightening market yields on the underlying residual interest positions;
a decrease of $24.1 million in warehouse-related interest expense (exclusive of amortized debt issuance costs) as result of a 25% lower average monthly warehouse balance during 2019 compared to 2018, which was in part a result of us utilizing financing cash inflows from our Series H preferred stock issuance during 2019 to fund warehouse financeable loans; and
an increase of $14.3 million in our consolidated securitization debt interest expense (exclusive of amortized debt issuance costs and discounts), which was largely attributable to interest rate changes.
The following tables present the components of securitizations and warehouses interest expense, as well as other pertinent information:
Year ended December 31,
($ in thousands)
20192018
$ Variance
% Change
Securitization debt interest expense
$132,811 $118,511 $14,300 12 %
Warehouse debt interest expense80,895 105,022 (24,127)(23)%
Residual interests classified as debt interest expense30,562 82,505 (51,943)(63)%
Debt issuance cost interest expense
23,795 24,148 (353)(1)%
Total securitizations and warehouses interest expense
$268,063 $330,186 $(62,123)(19)%
Year ended December 31,
($ in thousands)
20192018
% Change
Average debt balances

Securitization debt$3,888,058 $3,919,131 (1)%
Warehouse facilities1,800,902 2,411,202 (25)%
Residual interests classified as debt379,030 514,054 (26)%
Weighted average interest rates

Securitization debt(1)
3.4 %3.0 %n/m
Warehouse facilities(1)
4.5 %4.4 %n/m
Residual interests classified as debt(2)
8.1 %16.0 %n/m
___________________
(1)Weighted average interest rates exclude the effect of debt issuance cost interest expense for securitization debt and warehouse facilities.
(2)In 2018, declines in expected collateral performance resulted in us raising the required yield used to calculate interest expense. Concerns of decreased cash flows to residual interest owners were mollified in 2019, as securitization collateral performance improved and expected future cash flows increased, which, in turn, resulted in a lower required yield in 2019.
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Other interest expense increased by $9.9 million due to increases of $5.2 million associated with our SoFi Money product and $4.7 million related to our revolving credit facility. The increase in SoFi Money interest expense represents the interest income we pay to our members’ SoFi Money accounts. The year-over-year increase is due to an increase in the number and average balances of SoFi Money accounts, largely due to a nearly full year of activity in 2019, as we had the official launch of the SoFi Money product in early 2019 compared to limited product testing for a partial period in 2018. Additionally, we drew $58.0 million on our revolving credit facility during 2019 to fund the aforementioned $58.0 million stockholder note receivable, and also had a full year of interest expense in 2019, as we entered into our revolving credit facility in September 2018.
Noninterest Income and Net Revenue
The following table presents the components of our total noninterest income and total net revenue for the years indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)
20192018
$ Variance
% Change
Loan origination and sales
$299,265 $123,046 $176,219 143 %
Securitizations
(199,125)(114,705)(84,420)74 %
Servicing
8,486 1,197 7,289 609 %
Other
4,199 797 3,402 427 %
Total noninterest income$112,825 $10,335 $102,490 992 %
Total net revenue$442,659 $269,399 $173,260 64 %
Total noninterest income increased by $102.5 million, or 992%, for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily due to the following:
Loan origination and sales income increased by $176.2 million, or 143%, primarily due to receiving higher prices for loans we sold through our securitization channel in 2019. During 2019, we received $4.8 billion of consideration from student loan securitization transfers for loans with a carrying value of $4.7 billion, which resulted in a gain during the year of $147.5 million, or 103.2% of carrying value. In contrast, during 2018, we received consideration of $5.0 billion for student loan securitization transfers with a carrying value of $4.9 billion, which resulted in a gain of $92.9 million, or 101.9% of carrying value. We achieved a directionally similar outcome with personal loan securitization transfers year over year. In addition, our whole loan sales channel experienced similar improved execution in 2019 versus 2018. For instance, our personal loan whole sales during 2019 resulted in a gain of $87.7 million compared to a loss in 2018 of $(37.7) million, or a difference in carrying value as a percentage of proceeds of 103.9% in 2019 versus 98.3% in 2018. Our fair value adjustments as of December 31, 2019 reflected this improved sales execution compared to 2018.
Securitizations income decreased by $84.4 million, or 74%, primarily due to losses from a $103.8 million reduction in downward fair value adjustments on securitization residual debt, of which $44.6 million was related to non-cash unfavorable fair value changes in residual interests classified as debt valuation assumptions and inputs, which was correlated with improved securitization performance year over year. In 2018, expected securitization loan performance, which directly impacts residual interests classified as debt valuations, was more heavily weighted toward 2016 and 2017 SoFi securitization vintages, which had less strict underwriting criteria than 2018 and 2019 securitization vintages and, therefore, had lower expected future cash flows for residual interest owners during our 2018 valuation process. However, our actual 2019 securitization portfolio performance was better than expected in 2018, which resulted in residual interests classified as debt positions having a more positive future outlook in 2019 and beyond, which in turn increases the fair value. In addition, we incurred a $39.2 million loss related to our transfer of loans held in previously consolidated securitization VIEs. The decrease in income was also attributable to an increase in securitization loan charge-offs, which was mostly driven by carrying a higher balance of consolidated collateral in 2019 related to two consolidated securitizations added in late 2018 in addition to three securitizations consolidated in early 2019 that were deconsolidated in the fourth quarter of 2019. These reductions in income were partially offset by less downward fair value adjustments year over year on our securitization loan collateral of $69.1 million. The remaining variance is attributable to year-over-year aggregate increases in our securitization investment fair market values.
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The table below presents additional information related to loan gains and losses and overall performance:
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)20192018$ Variance% Change
Gains (losses) from non-securitization loan transfers$129,989 $(11,964)$141,953 n/m
Gains from loan securitization transfers(1)
226,394 113,918 112,476 99 %
Economic derivative hedges of loan fair values(2)
(24,803)39,465 (64,268)(163)%
Home loan origination fees(3)
3,639 2,224 1,415 64 %
Loan write-off expense – whole loans(4)
(13,888)(42,300)28,412 (67)%
Loan write-off expense – securitization loans(5)
(121,102)(101,543)(19,559)19 %
Loan repurchase expense(6)
(2,337)(10,745)8,408 (78)%
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(1)Represents the gain recognized on loan securitization transfers qualifying for sale accounting treatment for the years presented.
(2)While not an economic hedge of loan fair values, we also had gains (losses) of $0.9 million and $(1.3) million during the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to interest rate lock commitments. The year-over-year change was correlated with an increase in home loan origination volume.
(3)This variance was correlated with an increase in home loan origination volume year over year.
(4)Includes gross write-offs of $22.3 million and $52.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. During 2019, $0 of the $8.4 million of recoveries were captured via loan sales to a third-party collection agency. During 2018, $1.1 million of the $10.3 million of recoveries were captured via loan sales to a third-party collection agency.
(5)Includes gross write-offs of $139.2 million and $118.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. During 2019, $7.6 million of the $18.1 million of recoveries were captured via loan sales to a third-party collection agency. During 2018, $10.0 million of the $17.3 million of recoveries were captured via loan sales to a third-party collection agency.
(6)Loan repurchase expense in 2018 was correlated with 2018 loan performance, which is discussed elsewhere in this "SoFi’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations", and is related to different underwriting standards for loan originations in 2018.
Servicing income increased by $7.3 million, or 609%, primarily due to a $9.9 million increase in servicing fees earned on higher servicing portfolio unpaid principal balances among our home loan, personal loan and student loan products. This increase was partially offset by a decline in our servicing assets year over year of $2.6 million due to servicing portfolio run-off and fair value adjustments.
The table below presents additional information related to our loan servicing activities:
Year ended December 31,
($ in thousands)20192018$ Variance% Change
Servicing income recognized
Home loans(1)
$2,648 $2,264 $384 17 %
Student loans(2)
47,489 42,625 4,864 11 %
Personal loans(3)
34,290 29,600 4,690 16 %
Servicing rights fair value change
Home loans(4)
4,558 2,970 1,588 53 %
Student loans(5)
16,507 20,588 (4,081)(20)%
Personal loans(6)
14,849 (7,582)22,431 296 %
__________________
(1)The weighted average bps earned for home loan servicing during the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was 26 bps and 27 bps, respectively.
(2)The weighted average bps earned for student loan servicing during the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was 39 bps and 46 bps, respectively.
(3)The weighted average bps earned for personal loan servicing during the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was 72 bps and 66 bps, respectively.
(4)The impact of the changes in valuation inputs and assumptions on this fair value change was $1.5 million and $2.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(5)The impact of the changes in valuation inputs and assumptions on this fair value change was $0.2 million and $3.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(6)The impact of the changes in valuation inputs and assumptions on this fair value change was $6.8 million and $(5.0) million during the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Other income increased by $3.4 million, or 427%, primarily due to an increase in affiliate-based referral revenues of $3.0 million and an increase of $0.6 million in payment network revenue, the latter of which was reflective of the continued expansion of our SoFi Money product.
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Noninterest Expense
The following table presents the components of our total noninterest expense for the years indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)
20192018
$ Variance
% Change
Technology and product development$147,458 $99,319 $48,139 48 %
Sales and marketing266,198 212,604 53,594 25 %
Cost of operations116,327 88,885 27,442 31 %
General and administrative152,275 121,948 30,327 25 %
Total noninterest expense$682,258 $522,756 $159,502 31 %
Total noninterest expense increased by $159.5 million, or 31%, for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018 due to the following:
Technology and product development expenses increased by $48.1 million, or 48%, primarily due to a $25.7 million increase in compensation and benefits related costs, inclusive of an increase in share-based compensation expense, primarily related to a 30% increase in average headcount and new hire equity grants as we continued to expand our technology and product teams to support our growth. During 2019 relative to 2018, we spent an additional $7.3 million related to the use of outsourced professional services providers engaged to help support the growth of our Financial Services segment. Additionally, we had a $5.2 million increase in tools and subscription costs related to our continued investment in technology and platform improvements in 2019 and a $5.3 million increase in amortization and software abandonment costs. The remaining increase was related to items such as the allocation of occupancy-related costs.
Sales and marketing expenses increased by $53.6 million, or 25%, primarily due to an increase of $26.9 million in advertising expenditures associated with an increased focus on building brand awareness and support for our burgeoning Financial Services segment, in addition to an incremental $3.5 million in general marketing costs. Additionally, compensation and benefits related costs increased by $8.7 million, inclusive of an increase in share-based compensation expense, primarily related to an 8% increase in average headcount within the sales and marketing department, inclusive of our Chief Marketing Officer, and an increase in discretionary bonuses paid during 2019. This variance includes the effect of a $1.1 million increase in severance costs in 2019. Lastly, we increased member promotional materials expenditures by $7.2 million, affiliate-related marketing by $4.1 million and tools and subscriptions by $2.5 million.
Cost of operations increased by $27.4 million, or 31%, due in part to an overall increase in professional services expenditures of $10.8 million to support the growth of our Financial Services segment. Additionally, account write-offs and member credits increased by $4.7 million and debit card fulfillment and SoFi Money and SoFi Invest account costs increased by $5.1 million, which were also related to the growth in the Financial Services segment. Non-compensation related origination and servicing expenses increased by $3.3 million, in addition to increases in tools and subscriptions expenditures of $2.6 million and occupancy-related costs of $1.8 million. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in compensation and benefit costs of $2.3 million, inclusive of a decrease in share-based compensation costs, primarily related to a 9% decrease in average headcount year over year.
General and administrative expenses increased by $30.3 million, or 25%, primarily due to an $18.7 million increase in compensation and benefits related costs, inclusive of an increase in share-based compensation expense, related to a 24% increase in average headcount, a $3.4 million increase in professional services expenditures, a $6.3 million increase in bank service charges driven by an increase in unused debt warehouse line fees and an increase in bank fees from greater account activity, a $3.1 million increase in tools and subscriptions expenditures, and a $1.4 million increase in occupancy-related costs associated with the headcount increase. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in litigation-related expenses of $1.5 million and recruitment-related expenses of $0.8 million.
Net Loss
Our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2019 improved by $12.7 million, or 5%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily due to the factors discussed above. Additionally, during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we recognized a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets primarily due to net operating losses, which increased our valuation allowance by $70.8 million and $74.2 million, respectively.
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Summary Results by Segment
For the Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018
Lending Segment
In the table below, we present certain metrics related to our Lending segment:
December 31,
2020 vs. 2019
% Change
2019 vs. 2018
% Change
Metric
202020192018
Total products (number)917,645 798,005 640,350 15 %25 %
Origination volume ($ in thousands, during period)


Home loans$2,183,521 $773,684 $769,355 182 %%
Personal loans2,580,757 3,731,981 4,429,366 (31)%(16)%
Student loans4,928,880 6,695,138 6,532,533 (26)%%
Total$9,693,158 $11,200,803 $11,731,254 (13)%(5)%
Loans with a balance (number)598,682 623,511 553,276 (4)%13 %
Average loan balance ($)


Home loans$291,382 $296,812 $305,427 (2)%(3)%
Personal loans21,789 24,372 26,694 (11)%(9)%
Student loans54,319 60,127 61,093 (10)%(2)%
In the table below, we present additional information related to our lending products:
Year Ended December 31,
202020192018
Student Loans
Weighted average origination FICO773 774 768 
Weighted average interest rate earned4.97 %5.48 %5.38 %
Interest income recognized ($ in thousands)$134,917 $157,447 $202,608 
Sales of loans ($ in thousands)(1)
$4,534,286 $6,051,418 $6,670,778 
Time between loan origination and loan sale (days)75 58 69 
Home Loans
Weighted average origination FICO764 761 765 
Weighted average interest rate earned2.19 %3.39 %4.57 %
Interest income recognized ($ in thousands)$2,731 $2,230 $5,219 
Sales of loans ($ in thousands)(1)
$2,102,101 $726,443 $919,094 
Time between loan origination and loan sale (days)10 13 26 
Personal Loans
Weighted average origination FICO764 756 750 
Weighted average interest rate earned10.65 %10.92 %9.83 %
Interest income recognized ($ in thousands)$192,450 $410,789 $360,382 
Sales of loans ($ in thousands)(1)
$1,531,057 $2,604,263 $3,453,449 
Time between loan origination and loan sale (days)88 81 98 
__________________
(1)Excludes the impact of loans transferred into consolidated VIEs.
Total Products
Total products refers to the number of home loans, personal loans and student loans that have been originated through our platform since our inception through the reporting date, whether or not such loans have been paid off. See “— Key Business Metrics” for further discussion of this measure as it relates to our Lending segment.
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Origination Volume
We refer to the aggregate dollar amount of loans originated through our platform in a given period as origination volume. Origination volume is an indicator of the size and health of our Lending segment and an indicator (together with the relevant loan characteristics, such as interest rate and prepayment and default expectations) of revenues and profitability. Changes in origination volume are driven by the addition of new members and existing members, the latter of which at times will either refinance into a new SoFi loan or secure an additional, concurrent loan, as well as macroeconomic factors impacting consumer spending and borrowing behavior. Since the profitability of the Lending segment is largely correlated with origination volume, management relies on origination volume trends to assess the need for external financing to support the Financial Services segment and the expense budgets for unallocated expenses.
Home loan origination volume remained stable from 2018 to 2019, as we temporarily paused our home loan operations in late 2018 to redesign our offering. We relaunched our home loan product in the first quarter of 2019. During the year ended December 31, 2020, home loan origination volume significantly increased due to the full period of origination activity relative to 2019, as well as increased demand for home loan products in 2020 following the Federal Reserve’s actions to reduce interest rates to near-zero benchmark levels amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
Personal loan origination volume decreased from 2018 to 2019 due to steps we took to tighten our underwriting and credit policies and to raise the average coupon rate to increase the durability of our loans throughout the economic cycle. During the year ended December 31, 2020, personal loan origination volume decreased relative to 2019 primarily due to the combination of our efforts to further tighten our underwriting and credit policies to mitigate our credit risk exposure during the economic downturn and lower consumer spending behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. We believe that the diminished consumer spending during the COVID-19 pandemic decreased the overall demand for debt consolidation loans, which is one of the primary stated purposes for our personal loan originations, despite us lowering the average coupon rate during 2020.
Student loan origination volume remained relatively stable from 2018 to 2019, which we believe was largely attributable to new competition entering the student loan refinance market. However, we believe our long-standing reputation in the marketplace has enabled us to maintain strong student loan origination volumes. Additionally, we launched our in-school student loan product in the third quarter of 2019, which allows members to borrow while they attend school and offers flexible repayment options. Although this product had a modest impact on the full year 2019 student loan origination volume, we continued to see growth in this product during 2020. Demand for our student loan refinancing products decreased during the year ended December 31, 2020 relative to 2019, primarily due to the automatic suspension of principal and interest payments on federally-held student loans through September 30, 2020 as part of the CARES Act and subsequent extensions of certain hardship provisions. Suspension of principal and interest payments was further extended by executive action through September 30, 2021. We believe this suspension and subsequent extensions contribute to decreased overall demand for student loan refinancing.
Loans with a Balance and Average Loan Balance
Loans with a balance refers to the number of loans that have a balance greater than zero dollars as of the reporting date. Loans with a balance allows management to better understand the unit economics of acquiring a loan in relation to the lifetime value of that loan. Average loan balance is defined as the total unpaid principal balance of the loans divided by loans with a balance within the respective loan product category as of the reporting date.
The declines in home loan average balances over the years indicated were driven primarily by a change in strategy in which we moved from underwriting both agency and non-agency loans, inclusive of jumbo loans, which carry a larger maximum loan balance, to strictly underwriting agency loans, which have a lower relative balance size compared to non-agency loans.
The declines in personal loan average balances over the years indicated were driven primarily by credit line adjustments we have made to lower our risk of credit losses. In 2020, these declines were also related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused a decline in consumption demand as well as a reduction in the average size of requested personal loans.
Student loan average balances have remained relatively consistent from 2018 to 2019. The decline in average balance during 2020 was due in part to the growth of in-school student loans, which have a lower average balance.
The following table presents the measure of contribution profit (loss) for the Lending segment for the years indicated. The information is derived from our internal financial reporting used for corporate management purposes. Refer to Note 17 in the
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for more information regarding Lending segment performance.
Year Ended December 31,
2020 vs. 2019
% Change
2019 vs. 2018
% Change
($ in thousands)
202020192018
Net revenue
Net interest income$199,345 $325,589 $257,344 (39)%27 %
Noninterest income281,521 108,712 9,404 159 %
n/m
Total net revenue480,866 434,301 266,748 11 %63 %
Servicing rights – change in valuation inputs or assumptions(1)
17,459 (8,487)(1,197)(306)%609 %
Residual interests classified as debt – change in valuation inputs or assumptions(2)
38,216 17,157 (27,481)123 %(162)%
Directly attributable expenses(3)
(294,812)(350,511)(347,348)(16)%%
Contribution Profit (Loss)$241,729 $92,460 $(109,278)161 %(185)%
___________________
(1)Reflects changes in fair value inputs and assumptions, including market servicing costs, conditional prepayment and default rates and discount rates. This non-cash change, which is recorded within noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) is unrealized during the period and, therefore, has no impact on our cash flows from operations. As such, the changes in fair value attributable to assumption changes are adjusted to provide management and financial users with better visibility into the cash flows available to finance our operations.
(2)Reflects changes in fair value inputs and assumptions, including conditional prepayment and default rates and discount rates. When third parties finance our consolidated VIEs through purchasing residual interests, we receive proceeds at the time of the securitization close and, thereafter, pass along contractual cash flows to the residual interest owner. These obligations are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, with fair value changes recorded within noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The fair value change attributable to assumption changes has no impact on our initial financing proceeds, our future obligations to the residual interest owner (because future residual interest claims are limited to contractual securitization collateral cash flows), or the general operations of our business. As such, this non-cash change in fair value is adjusted to provide management and financial users with better visibility into the cash flows available to finance our operations.
(3)For a disaggregation of the directly attributable expenses allocated to the Lending segment in each of the years presented, refer to the subsections entitled “—Directly Attributable Expenses” under the respective year-over-year comparison sections below.
Year Ended December 31, 2020 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2019
Net interest income
Net interest income in our Lending segment for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased by $126.2 million, or 39%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 due to the following:
Loan interest income decreased by $240.1 million, or 42%, primarily driven by a $218.3 million decrease in personal loan interest income year over year. A significant portion of this decrease was related to a decline in securitization loan interest income of $209.4 million, which was a function of our deconsolidation of three variable interest entities (“VIEs”) during 2020 that were previously consolidated during 2019 (we recognized a loss of $6.1 million during 2020 within noninterest income related to these VIE deconsolidations), and earning interest income from loans in three consolidated VIEs in 2019 that were deconsolidated in the fourth quarter of 2019 (we recognized a loss of $38.7 million within noninterest income related to the fourth quarter 2019 VIE deconsolidations). In all cases, our deconsolidations of previously consolidated VIEs were triggered by a third party purchasing enough residual interest ownership in the VIEs from us such that we owned less than 10% of the VIE residual interest. As we no longer had a significant financial interest in the VIEs, we deconsolidated them, which included the related securitization loans.
Further, we did not consolidate any personal loan VIEs during 2020. In addition, our monthly average non-securitization personal loan balance during 2020 was 5% lower than in 2019, which contributed to an $8.9 million decline in loan interest income year over year. This decline was heavily influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, which contributed to a year-over-year decline in personal loan origination volume of 31%. Student loan securitization interest income declined by $34.1 million, which was correlated with an increase in prepayments and was also negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. These declines in interest were offset by an $11.6 million increase in non-securitization student loan interest income, which was consistent with a 33% higher average balance year over year as a result of a longer holding period for loans on the balance sheet and a significant strategic purchase of loans during 2020.
Securitizations interest income increased by $0.9 million, or 4%, which was attributable to an increase in residual investment interest income of $2.9 million and asset-backed bonds of $1.2 million. These increases were offset by a decline in securitization float interest income of $3.2 million, which was largely attributable to declining interest rates during 2020.
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Interest expense related to securitizations and warehouses decreased by $112.9 million, or 42%, primarily due to:
a decline in securitization debt interest expense (exclusive of debt issuance and discount amortization) of $66.7  million, which was correlated with the deconsolidation of VIEs discussed above and the absence of new consolidated VIEs, with the exception of one student loan VIE, which was only briefly consolidated before we transferred the significant portion of our financial interest and subsequently deconsolidated it. Moreover, the majority of our student loan securitization debt is tied to one-month LIBOR, which decreased during 2020;
a decline in warehouse debt interest expense (exclusive of debt issuance amortization) of $28.9 million, which was related to a decrease in one- and three-month LIBOR during 2020. Interest rate declines were partially offset by a higher average warehouse debt balance outstanding during 2020;
a decline in residual interests classified as debt interest expense of $17.9 million, which was correlated with a lower balance of residual interests classified as debt during 2020, a significant driver of which was the aforementioned deconsolidation of VIEs during 2020 and 2019; and
an offsetting increase in debt issuance cost interest expense of $0.6 million, which was associated with an initiative to increase our warehouse borrowing capacity to protect against potential future funding constraints attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by a decrease in securitization debt issuance costs in 2020, which was driven by the deconsolidations discussed above.
Noninterest income
Noninterest income in our Lending segment for the year ended December 31, 2020 increased by $172.8 million, or 159%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 due to the following:
Loan origination and sales increased by $72.1 million, or 24%. We experienced an $81.1 million year-over-year increase in home loan originations and sales related income, net of hedges, and related interest rate lock commitments, which was driven by a 182% increase in home loans origination volume and a mix shift toward more FNMA loans during 2020, which sell for a greater loan premium compared to non-agency home loans. Home loan origination fees also increased by $7.9 million year over year in conjunction with the increase in origination volume. Additionally, improved loan credit and underwriting performance of personal and student loans resulted in lower combined write-offs and repurchase expense year over year.
Offsetting these increases was a $16.9 million decline in aggregate personal and student loan origination and sales income, which was attributable to lower origination volumes, partially offset by combined lower write-offs and repurchase expense. Student loan origination volume declined 26% year over year, primarily due to lower demand for our student loan refinancing products as a result of the payment deferral period on federal student loans enacted through the CARES Act in 2020. Personal loan origination volume declined 31% year over year, primarily due to our efforts in 2020 to further tighten our underwriting and credit policies to mitigate our credit risk exposure during the economic downturn combined with lower demand for personal loan financing, which we believe is a result of lower consumer spending behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Securitization income increased by $128.9 million, or 65%, due to a reduction in securitization loan write-offs of $82.5 million, which was related to the deconsolidation of VIEs and stronger securitization loan credit performance during 2020. The decrease in securitization loan write-offs also had the impact of improving our assumed future credit outlook for our securitization loans, which contributed to an aggregate increase of $39.0 million year over year in securitization loan fair market value changes.
These increases were offset by residual debt fair value increases of $16.4 million, which were correlated with underlying securitization performance and residual interest positions representing a greater percentage of securitization claims (which occurs over time as securitization loans are paid off and accordingly securitization debt gets paid off) year over year, of which $21.1 million was related to non-cash unfavorable fair value changes in residual interests classified as debt valuation assumptions and inputs. Further, we experienced an increase in our residual investment earnings of $23.7 million, which was largely due to a $38.7 million loss realized in the fourth quarter of 2019 related to the deconsolidation of three personal loan VIEs compared to losses in 2020 of $8.6 million attributable to a previously consolidated VIE that was both consolidated and deconsolidated in 2020 and $6.1 million attributable to the deconsolidation of three additional VIEs.
Servicing income decreased by $27.9 million, or 329%, and was primarily related to fair value changes in our servicing assets that were largely attributable to an increase in servicing asset prepayment speed assumptions year over year. We
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experienced an increase in loan prepayments during 2020, which we believe is correlated with the market interest rate declines in 2020 compared to 2019. We expect prepayments to continue to remain at a higher than historical level in the current low interest rate environment that is expected to persist into the next fiscal year.
Directly attributable expenses
The directly attributable expenses allocated to the Lending segment that were used in the determination of the segment's contribution profit (loss) were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)20202019% Change
Direct advertising$102,562 $124,479 (18)%
Compensation and benefits82,592 126,710 (35)%
Loan origination costs41,733 25,505 64 %
Affiliate referrals24,603 30,255 (19)%
Unused warehouse line fees14,113 8,073 75 %
Occupancy and travel11,056 16,593 (33)%
Professional services7,139 8,080 (12)%
Other(1)
11,014 10,816 %
Directly attributable expenses$294,812 $350,511 (16)%
______________
(1)Other expenses primarily include recruiting fees, as well as loan marketing sales and tools and subscriptions costs.
Lending segment directly attributable expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased by $55.7 million, or 16%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 primarily due to:
a decrease of $44.1 million in allocated employee compensation and related benefits and a decrease of $5.5 million in allocated occupancy and travel expenses primarily driven by less direct time allocated to the Lending segment by the technology and product and operations teams related to an increased emphasis on non-lending initiatives in 2020;
a decrease of $21.9 million in direct advertising related to an intentional reduction in advertising spend during the COVID-19 pandemic;
a decrease of $5.7 million in affiliate referral expense related to lower origination volume through our affiliate channels;
a decrease of $0.9 million in professional services costs;
an offsetting increase of $16.2 million in loan origination costs driven primarily by volume increases in our home loan product; and
an offsetting increase of $6.0 million in unused warehouse line fees correlated with an increase in warehouse facility capacity year over year.
Year Ended December 31, 2019 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2018
Net interest income
Net interest income in our Lending segment for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased by $68.2 million, or 27%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2018 due to the following:
Loan interest income increased by $2.3 million, or less than 1%, primarily driven by an increase in personal loan interest income of $50.4 million, offset by declines in student loan interest income of $45.2 million and home loan interest income of $2.9 million. Interest income varies from period to period based on prevailing weighted average coupon rates that we charge on our loans, origination volume during the period and the amount of time our loans remain on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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Securitization income from residual investments, bonds and securitization float interest increased year over year by $3.9 million, which was reflective of the additive effect of our 2019 securitization transactions.
Securitization and warehouse related interest expense decreased by $62.1 million, or 19%, primarily due to:
a decrease in securitization residual debt interest expense of $51.9 million, which was correlated with a lower balance of securitization residual debt;
a decrease of $24.1 million in warehouse-related interest expense (exclusive of amortized debt issuance costs) as result of a 26% lower average monthly warehouse balance during 2019 compared to 2018, which was in part a result of us utilizing financing cash inflows from our Series H preferred stock issuance during 2019 to fund warehouse financeable loans; and
an increase of $14.3 million in our consolidated securitization debt interest expense (exclusive of amortized debt issuance costs and discounts), which was largely a function of a 3% higher average monthly balance during 2019 versus 2018.
Noninterest income
Noninterest income in our Lending segment increased by $99.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018, due to the following:
Loan origination and sales increased by $176.2 million, or 143%, primarily due to higher sales price execution in our securitization and whole loans sales channels year over year.
Securitization income decreased by $84.4 million, or 74%, primarily due to losses from a $103.8 million reduction in downward fair value adjustments on securitization residual debt, net of interest expense adjustments, which was attributable to improved securitization performance year over year, as well as a $39.2 million loss related to our transfer of loans held in previously consolidated securitization VIEs. Our deconsolidations of previously consolidated VIEs were triggered by a third party purchasing enough residual interest ownership in the VIEs from us such that we owned less than 10% of the VIE residual interest. As we no longer had a significant financial interest in the VIEs, we deconsolidated them, which included the related securitization loans. The decrease in income was also attributable to a $19.6 million increase in securitization loan charge-offs, which was mostly driven by carrying a higher balance of consolidated collateral in 2019 related to two consolidated securitizations added in late 2018 in addition to three securitizations consolidated in early 2019 that were deconsolidated in the fourth quarter of 2019. These reductions in income were partially offset by less downward fair value adjustments year over year on our securitization loan collateral of $69.1 million.
Servicing income increased by $7.3 million, or 609%, primarily due to a $9.9 million increase in servicing fees earned on higher servicing portfolio unpaid principal balances among our home loan, personal loan and student loan products. This increase was partially offset by a decline in our servicing assets year-over-year of $2.6 million due to servicing portfolio run-off and fair value adjustments.
An additional $0.2 million increase in noninterest income was attributable to an increase in earnings related to a residential mortgage origination joint venture.
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Directly attributable expenses
The directly attributable expenses allocated to the Lending segment that were used in the determination of the segment's contribution profit (loss) were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)20192018% Change
Direct advertising$124,479 $123,919 — %
Compensation and benefits126,710 141,107 (10)%
Loan origination costs25,505 22,237 15 %
Affiliate referrals30,255 31,764 (5)%
Unused warehouse line fees8,073 3,137 157 %
Occupancy and travel16,593 16,510 %
Professional services8,080 2,818 187 %
Other(1)
10,816 5,856 85 %
Directly attributable expenses$350,511 $347,348 %
___________________
(1)Other expenses primarily include recruiting fees, as well as loan marketing sales and tools and subscriptions costs.
Lending segment directly attributable expenses increased by $3.2 million, or 1%, for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to:
an increase of $5.3 million in professional services costs primarily associated with an increased use of third-party consultants for our operations and technology teams;
an increase of $4.9 million in unused warehouse line fees related to an increase in unused debt warehouse facility capacity;
an increase of $3.3 million in loan origination costs, which was a function of increases in home and personal loan origination costs, partially offset by a decline in student loan origination costs;
an increase of $5.0 million in other expenses primarily related to tools and subscriptions costs; and
an offsetting decrease of $14.4 million in allocated employee compensation and related benefits primarily driven by less direct time allocated to the Lending segment by the technology and product and operations teams in 2019 compared to 2018, as they instead spent a greater proportion of time dedicated to the Financial Services segment to support its growth.
Financial Services Segment
Year Ended December 31,
2020 vs. 2019
% Change
2019 vs. 2018
% Change
($ in thousands)
2020
20192018
Net revenue
Net interest income$484 $614 $30 (21)%n/m
Noninterest income11,386 3,318 844 243 %293 %
Total net revenue
11,870 3,932 874 202 %350 %
Directly attributable expenses(1)
(143,280)(122,732)(20,117)17 %510 %
Contribution loss
$(131,410)$(118,800)$(19,243)

11 %517 %
___________________
(1)For a disaggregation of the directly attributable expenses allocated to the Financial Services segment in each of the years presented, refer to the subsections entitled "—Directly Attributable Expenses" under the respective year-over-year comparison sections below.
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Year Ended December 31, 2020 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2019
Net interest income
Net interest income in our Financial Services segment for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased by $0.1 million, or 21%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 due to interest rate decreases during 2020, which resulted in lower net interest income earned on our SoFi Money account balances.
Noninterest income
Noninterest income in our Financial Services segment for the year ended December 31, 2020 increased by $8.1 million, or 243%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, which was primarily due to a $2.2 million increase in affiliate referral fees, a $3.4 million increase in brokerage-related fees, and a $1.8 million increase in payment network fees. The brokerage fees and payment network fees earned during 2020 were collectively bolstered by our acquisition of 8 Limited and increased member activity in both the SoFi Invest and SoFi Money products. The referral fee increase was primarily attributable to our material affiliate revenue relationships launched during the third quarter of 2019; therefore, 2019 is not fully comparable to 2020.
Directly attributable expenses
The directly attributable expenses allocated to the Financial Services segment that were used in the determination of the segment's contribution profit (loss) were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)20202019% Change
Compensation and benefits$81,354 $52,977 54 %
Product fulfillment10,459 11,554 (9)%
Member incentives9,100 8,894 %
Occupancy and travel8,441 7,819 %
Direct advertising8,083 23,038 (65)%
Professional services5,853 10,290 (43)%
Other(1)
19,990 8,160 145 %
Directly attributable expenses$143,280 $122,732 17 %
___________________
(1)Other expenses primarily include tools and subscriptions, SoFi Money and SoFi Invest account write offs and marketing expenses.
Financial Services directly attributable expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 increased by $20.5 million, or 17%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 primarily due to the following:
increases in employee compensation and related benefits of $28.4 million and in occupancy and travel of $0.6 million, which dovetailed with the continued infrastructure, technology and support investments we made in our SoFi Money and SoFi Invest products during 2020;
an increase of $11.8 million in other expenses primarily related to write offs of SoFi Money accounts, tools and subscription costs and marketing;
an increase of $0.2 million related to direct member incentives;
an offsetting decrease of $15.0 million in direct advertising costs, such as social media and search engine advertising costs, which was primarily related to a strategic decision to spend less on marketing during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic;
an offsetting decrease of $4.4 million in professional services costs as a result of nonrecurring costs incurred in 2019 to support the launch of the SoFi Money and SoFi Invest products; and
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an offsetting decrease of $1.1 million in product fulfillment costs related to SoFi Invest and SoFi Money, which included such activities as operating our cash management sweep program, brokerage expenses and debit card fulfillment services. The net decrease in 2020 is primarily attributable to nonrecurring expenses incurred in 2019 due to the launch of the SoFi Money product, which was partially offset by increased fulfillment costs in 2020 driven by the growth of the SoFi Money and SoFi Invest products.
Year Ended December 31, 2019 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2018
Net interest income
Net interest income in our Financial Services segment increased by $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018, which was entirely attributable to net interest income earned on our SoFi Money account balances. As we officially launched the SoFi Money product in early 2019, we had nearly a full year of net interest income in 2019 compared to limited product testing for a partial period in 2018.
Noninterest income
Noninterest income in our Financial Services segment increased by $2.5 million, or 293%, for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018, which was primarily due to an increase in affiliate referral fees of $3.0 million and to an increase in payment network fees associated with SoFi Money of $0.6 million. These increases in noninterest income were partially offset by a loss of $1.2 million related to derivative contracts utilized to hedge the market risk associated with non-securitization exchange-traded fund investments during the year ended December 31, 2019. There was no gain or loss related to non-securitization hedging activities for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Directly attributable expenses
The directly attributable expenses allocated to the Financial Services segment that were used in the determination of the segment’s contribution profit (loss) were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)20192018% Change
Compensation and benefits$52,977 $11,001 382 %
Product fulfillment11,554 895 n/m
Member incentives8,894 965 822 %
Occupancy and travel7,819 1,637 378 %
Direct advertising23,038 1,379 n/m
Professional services10,290 1,669 517 %
Other(1)
8,160 2,571 217 %
Directly attributable expenses$122,732 $20,117 510 %
___________________
(1)Other expenses primarily include tools and subscriptions, SoFi Money and SoFi Invest account write offs, recruiting and marketing expenses.
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Directly attributable expenses in our Financial Services segment increased by $102.6 million, or 510%, for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to the timing of our official launch of SoFi Money in early 2019 compared to limited product testing for a partial year in 2018. The primary impacts on directly attributable expenses were as follows:
increases of $42.0 million in compensation and benefits related costs and $6.2 million in occupancy and travel expenses resulting from the combination of increased headcount, as we expanded our technology and product team, and increased time spent on the Financial Services segment by the technology and product and operations teams in 2019 compared to 2018;
an increase of $21.7 million in direct advertising costs to increase awareness of our Financial Services segment products, such as social media and search engine marketing costs;
an increase of $10.7 million in product fulfillment costs, related to SoFi Invest and SoFi Money, including but not limited to items such as running our cash management sweep program, brokerage fees and debit card fulfillment;
an increase of $7.9 million related to direct member incentives;
an increase of $8.6 million in professional services, primarily related to third party consulting for our SoFi Money product; and
an increase of $5.6 million in other expenses primarily related to write offs of SoFi Money accounts and recruiting costs.
Technology Platform Segment
In the table below, we present a metric that is exclusive to the Galileo portion of our Technology Platform segment:
December 31,
2020 vs. 2019
% Change
2019 vs. 2018
% Change
202020192018
Total accounts
59,359,843 — — n/mn/m
In our Technology Platform segment, total accounts refers to the number of open accounts at Galileo as of the reporting date, excluding SoFi accounts, as such accounts are eliminated in consolidation. The reporting period reflects the period from May 14, 2020, the date we acquired Galileo, through December 31, 2020. As such, no information is reported prior to our acquisition of Galileo. Total accounts is a primary indicator of the amount of accounts that are dependent upon Galileo’s technology platform to use virtual card products, virtual wallets, make peer-to-peer and bank-to-bank transfers, receive early paychecks, separate savings from spending balances and rely upon real-time authorizations, all of which result in technology platform fees for the Technology Platform segment.
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The following table presents the measure of contribution profit for the Technology Platform segment for the years indicated. The information is derived from our internal financial reporting used for corporate management purposes. Refer to Note 17 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for further details regarding Technology Platform segment performance.
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)
202020192018
Net revenue
Net interest income (loss)$(107)$— $— 
Noninterest income95,737 795 117 
Total net revenue95,630 795 117 
Directly attributable expenses(1)
(42,427)— — 
Contribution Profit $53,203 $795 $117 
___________________
(1)For a disaggregation of the directly attributable expenses allocated to the Technology Platform segment in the year ended December 31, 2020, refer to the subsection entitled “—Directly Attributable Expenses” below.
Year Ended December 31, 2020 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2019
Total net revenue of $95.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily related to our acquisition of Galileo in May 2020, which earns revenues from contracts with customers in accordance with ASC 606. The Technology Platform total net revenue primarily consisted of Technology Platform fees at Galileo. During the year ended December 31, 2019, total net revenue was comprised of our investment in Apex, from which we earned income under the equity method of accounting. Total net revenue contributed by Apex equity method income increased by $3.6 million year over year, and represented $4.4 million of the total net revenue balance for 2020. Our Apex equity method income during 2020 included an impairment charge of $4.3 million that resulted from measuring the carrying value of the investment as of December 31, 2020 equal to the payment we received in January 2021 upon the seller of our equity interest exercising its call rights on our investment in Apex.
The directly attributable expenses allocated to the Technology Platform segment that were used in the determination of the segment's contribution profit for the year ended December 31, 2020 were related to the operations of Galileo and consisted of the following. There were no directly attributable expenses allocated to the Technology Platform segment during the year ended December 31, 2019.
$19.2 million in employee compensation and related benefits expenses;
$12.9 million in technology platform fulfillment costs;
$4.2 million in tools and subscription costs;
$1.9 million in occupancy and travel expenses; and
$4.2 million of other expenses, primarily related to professional services and marketing expenses.
Year Ended December 31, 2019 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2018
Total net revenue increased by $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase in total net revenue was driven by Apex equity method income of $0.8 million in 2019 compared to $0.1 million in 2018, which is reflected as noninterest income, as a result of our investment in Apex in December 2018. There were no directly attributable expenses to this reportable segment for the years presented.
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Reconciliation of Directly Attributable Expenses
The following table reconciles directly attributable expenses allocated to our reportable segments to total noninterest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
202020192018
Reportable segments directly attributable expenses$(480,519)$(473,243)$(367,465)
Expenses not allocated to segments:
Share-based compensation expense(99,870)(60,936)(42,936)
Depreciation and amortization expense(69,832)(15,955)(10,912)
Employee-related costs(1)
(114,599)(53,080)(46,724)
Other corporate and unallocated expenses(2)
(129,233)(79,044)(54,719)
Total noninterest expense$(894,053)$(682,258)$(522,756)
___________________
(1)Includes compensation, benefits, recruiting, certain occupancy-related costs and various travel costs of executive management, certain technology groups and general and administrative functions that are not directly attributable to the reportable segments.
(2)Includes corporate overhead costs that are not allocated to reportable segments, such as tools and subscription costs, corporate marketing costs and professional services costs.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We require substantial liquidity to fund our current operating requirements, which primarily include loan originations and the losses generated by our Financial Services segment. We expect these requirements to increase as we pursue our strategic growth goals. Historically, our Lending cash flow variability has related to loan origination volume, our available funding sources and utilization of our warehouses. Additional sources of variability have related to our acquisitions of Galileo and 8 Limited, and our investment in Apex, which was called by the seller in January 2021 for $107.5 million. Moreover, given our continued growth initiatives, we have seen variability in financing cash flows due to the timing and extent of common stock and redeemable preferred stock raises and additional uses of debt. During February 2021, we paid off the seller note issued in 2020 in connection with our acquisition of Galileo, inclusive of all outstanding interest payable, for a total payment of $269.9 million. Remaining operating cash flow variability is largely related to our investments in our business, such as technology and product investments and sales and marketing initiatives, as well as our operating lease facilities. Our capital expenditures have historically been immaterial relative to our operating and financing cash flows, and we expect this trend to continue for the foreseeable future.
To continue to achieve our liquidity objectives, we analyze and monitor liquidity needs and strive to maintain excess liquidity and access to diverse funding sources. We define our liquidity risk as the risk that we will not be able to:
Originate loans at our current pace, or at all;
Sell our loans at favorable prices, or at all;
Meet our contractual obligations as they become due;
Increase or extend the maturity of our revolving credit facility capacity;
Fund continued operating losses in our business, especially if such operating losses continue at the current level for an extended period of time; or
Make future investments in the necessary technological and operating infrastructure to support our business.
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we generated negative cash flows from operations, while we generated positive cash flows from operations during the year ended December 31, 2018. The primary driver of operating cash flows relates to our Lending segment, particularly origination volume, the holding period of our loans, loan sale execution and, to a lesser extent, the timing of loan repayments. We either fund our loan originations entirely using our own capital, through proceeds from securitization transactions, or receive an advance rate from our various warehouse facilities to finance the majority of the loan amount. Our recent history of negative cash flows from operations is also attributable to material net losses
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in 2019 and 2020. The net losses were primarily driven by our technology and product investments and sales and marketing initiatives, which benefit our Lending and Financial Services segments, the latter of which historically has not generated material net revenues. Our practice of not charging account or trading fees on the majority of our products within the Financial Services segment could result in sustained negative cash flows generated from the Financial Services segment in the short and long term. When in a negative net cash flow position, we have historically financed our investments in loans primarily through redeemable preferred stock issuances, as well as had a significant common stock issuance in the fourth quarter of 2020. If our current net losses continue for the foreseeable future, we expect to raise additional capital in the form of equity or debt, which may not be at favorable terms when compared to previous financing transactions.
The portion of our current net loss unrelated to our loan origination activities will require a short-term strategy of seeking either additional revolving credit facility capacity, term loan financing or additional equity proceeds. Our revolving credit facility had remaining capacity of $74.0 million and $399.0 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, of which $6.0 million as of both balance sheet dates was not available for general borrowing purposes because it was utilized to secure the uncollateralized portion of certain letters of credit issued to secure certain of our operating lease obligations. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the remaining $3.3 million and $3.4 million, respectively, of the $9.3 million and $9.4 million letters of credit outstanding, respectively, was collateralized by cash deposits with the banking institution, which were presented within restricted cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our warehouse facility and securitization debt is secured by a continuing lien on, and security interest in, the loans financed by the proceeds. The notes assumed in our acquisition of Galileo during 2020 are secured by the value of certain equipment. Our revolving credit facility and seller note, the latter of which we paid back in full in February 2021, are unsecured. We have various affirmative and negative financial covenants, as well as non-financial covenants, related to our warehouse debt and revolving credit facility, as well as our redeemable preferred stock. We were in compliance with all covenants as of December 31, 2020.
Our operating lease obligations consist of our leases of real property from third parties under non-cancellable operating lease agreements, which primarily include the leases of office space, as well as our rights to certain suites and event space within SoFi Stadium, which commenced in 2020 and the latter of which we apply the short-term lease exemption practical expedient and do not capitalize the lease obligation. Our finance lease obligations consist of our rights to certain physical signage within SoFi Stadium, which commenced in 2020. Additionally, our securitization transactions require us to maintain a continuing financial interest in the form of securitization investments when we deconsolidate the special-purpose entity (“SPE”) or in consolidation of the SPE when we have a significant financial interest. In either instance, the continuing financial interest requires us to maintain capital in the SPE that would otherwise be available to us if we had sold loans through a different channel.
We are currently dependent on the success of our Lending segment. Our ability to access whole loan buyers and to sell our loans on favorable terms, maintain adequate warehouse capacity at favorable terms and limit our continuing financial interest in securitization-related transfers, is critical to our growth strategy and our ability to have adequate liquidity to fund our balance sheet. As it relates to securitization-related transfers, there is no guarantee that we will be able to find purchasers of securitization residual interests or that we will be able to execute loan transfers at favorable price points. Therefore, we may hold securitization interests for longer than planned or be forced to liquidate at suboptimal prices. Securitization transfers are also negatively impacted during recessionary periods, wherein investors may be more risk averse.
Further, future uncertainties around the demand for our personal loans and around the student loan refinance market in general should be considered when assessing our future liquidity and solvency prospects. The CARES Act that was passed during 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic suspended principal and interest payments on federally-held student loans, which suspension was further extended by executive action through September 30, 2021, which in turn has lowered and will likely continue to lower the propensity for borrowers to refinance into SoFi student loans during the suspension period. To the extent that further extensions or additional measures, such as student loan forgiveness, are implemented, it may negatively impact our future student loan origination volume. In addition, in the past we have altered our credit strategy to defend against adverse credit consequences during recessionary periods, as we did following the outbreak of COVID-19. In the future, our loan origination volume and our resulting loan balances, and any positive cash flows thereof, could be lower if we decide to further tighten our credit standards. See “— Key Factors Affecting Operating Results — Industry Trends and General Economic Conditions” and “— Business Overview — COVID-19 Pandemic” for discussions of the impact of certain measures taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on our loan origination volumes and uncertainties that exist with respect to future operations in light of the pandemic.
Our commitments requiring the use of capital in future periods are described in “— Contractual Obligations” below and consist primarily of borrowings, which carry variable interest rates, operating lease obligations, repayment of the Galileo seller note, and commitments arising out of our agreement for the naming and sponsorship rights to SoFi Stadium, consisting of both
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lease and non-lease components. The non-lease components of the agreement pertain primarily to sponsorship and advertising opportunities related to the stadium itself, as well as the surrounding performance venue and planned retail district.
We have a three-year obligation to FNMA on loans that we sell to FNMA, to repurchase any originated loans that do not meet FNMA guidelines, and we are required to pay the full initial purchase price back to FNMA. In addition, we make standard representations and warranties related to other student, personal and non-FNMA home loan transfers, as well as limited credit-related repurchase guarantees on certain such transfers. If realized, any of the repurchases would require the use of cash. See “— Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements”, as well as Note 1 and Note 15 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for further information on our guarantee obligations. We believe we have adequate liquidity to meet these obligations.
Our long-term liquidity strategy includes maintaining adequate revolving credit facility capacity and seeking additional sources of financing. Although our goal is to increase our cash flow from operations, there can be no assurance that our future operating plans will lead to improved operating cash flows.
We had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $872.6 million and $499.5 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents balance, available capacity under our revolving credit facility (and expected extensions or replacements of the facility), together with additional warehouses or other financing we expect to be able to obtain at reasonable terms, will be sufficient to cover net losses, meet our existing working capital and capital expenditure needs, as well as our planned growth for at least the next 12 months. Our non-securitization loans also represent a key source of liquidity for us, and should be considered in assessing our overall liquidity. We also have relationships with whole loan buyers who we believe we will be able to continue to rely on to generate near-term liquidity. Securitization markets can also generate additional liquidity, albeit to a lesser extent, as it involves accessing a much less liquid securitization residual investment market, and in certain cases we are required to maintain a minimum investment due to securitization risk retention rules.
Following the Business Combination, we intend to use a portion of the net cash proceeds from the transaction for payment of certain transaction expenses. The remaining funds after the payment of transaction expenses are intended to be used for the repurchase of certain common stock from a shareholder for $150.0 million and a special payment to Series 1 preferred stockholders, which is currently estimated to be $21.8 million, but is subject to adjustment in accordance with the Merger Agreement. The remaining net cash proceeds will be retained by the Company to help fund future strategic and capital needs, including repayment of the revolving credit facility, which has an outstanding balance, inclusive of accrued interest, of $486.0 million.
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2020:
Payments Due by Period
($ in thousands)TotalLess than 1 Year1 – 3 Years3 – 5 YearsMore than 5 Years
Warehouse debt(1)
$2,827,399 $654,284 $1,537,540 $251,155 $384,420 
Revolving credit facility(2)
501,231 5,559 495,672 — — 
Seller note(3)
269,864 269,864 — — — 
Other financing4,375 2,421 1,954 — — 
Operating lease obligations173,428 19,168 39,230 37,127 77,903 
Finance lease obligations20,046 1,004 1,923 2,006 15,113 
LA Stadium Complex Naming Rights(4)
562,431 22,086 45,876 49,878 444,591 
Total contractual obligations(5)
$4,358,774 $974,386 $2,122,195 $340,166 $922,027 
___________________
(1)Our warehouse debt carries variable interest rates, as further outlined in Note 9 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. As such, only principal commitments are included herein.
(2)Includes principal balance and variable interest on our revolving credit facility. The estimated interest payments assume that our borrowings under the revolving credit facility (i) remain unchanged, (ii) are held to maturity, and (iii) incur interest at the rate for standard withdrawals in effect as of December 31, 2020 through its maturity. See Note 9 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for additional information on our revolving credit facility.
(3)We issued a seller note in connection with the acquisition of Galileo in 2020 with an aggregate principal amount of $250.0 million and a scheduled balloon maturity of May 14, 2021 that incurred interest at a rate of 10.0%. See Note 2 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included
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elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for additional information. In February 2021, we paid off the outstanding principal and accrued interest on the seller note for the amount presented herein.
(4)During the year ended December 31, 2020, we completed our evaluation of the lease and non-lease components of the LA Stadium Complex Naming Rights that commenced during the period. The contractual obligations associated with the operating lease and finance lease components of the arrangement are reported in the corresponding lines and are, therefore, excluded from amounts reported in this line. As of December 31, 2020, all payments associated with the planned retail district, which is currently expected to commence no earlier than 2022, are attributed to non-lease components. We do not expect the agreement to contain a material lease component, although the evaluation remains ongoing. This had no impact on the estimated contractual obligations in total. See Note 15 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for additional information on our leases and on a contingent matter associated with SoFi Stadium payments.
(5)Contractual obligations exclude residual interests classified as debt that result from transfers of assets that are accounted for as secured financings. Similarly, contractual obligations exclude securitization debt, as the maturity of the notes issued by the various trusts occurs upon either the maturity of the loan collateral or full payment of the loan collateral held in the trusts, the timing of which cannot be reasonably estimated. Additionally, our own liquidity resources are not required to make any contractual payments on these borrowings, except in limited instances associated with our guarantee arrangements. Our maturity date represents the legal maturity of the last class of maturing notes. See Note 15 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for further discussion of our guarantees. Finally, contractual obligations exclude the impact of uncertain tax positions, as we are not able to reasonably estimate the timing of such future cash flows. See Note 13 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for additional information on income taxes and unrecognized tax benefits.
Cash Flow and Liquidity Analysis
The following table provides a summary of cash flow data:
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)202020192018
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$(479,336)$(54,733)$1,023,277 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities258,949 114,868 (12,251)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities853,754 93,077 (954,793)
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
For the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash used in operating activities was $479.3 million, which stemmed from a net loss of $224.1 million that was positively adjusted for non-cash items of $142.0 million, and an unfavorable change in our operating assets net of operating liabilities of $397.3 million. The change in operating assets net of operating liabilities was primarily a result of our loan origination and sales activities. We originated loans of $9.7 billion during the year and also purchased loans of $690.2 million, of which $606.3 million related to strategic loan purchases we made during the year, wherein we believe we can earn net interest income prior to selling the loan for a future gain. These cash uses were offset by principal payments from members of $1.9 billion and proceeds from loan sales of $8.0 billion.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, net cash used in operating activities was $54.7 million, which stemmed from a net loss of $239.7 million that was positively adjusted for non-cash items of $114.9 million, and a favorable change in operating assets net of operating liabilities of $70.0 million. The change in operating assets net of operating liabilities was primarily a result of our loan origination and sales activities. We originated loans of $11.2 billion during the period and also purchased certain loans of $47.3 million, the majority of which were related to securitization clean-up calls. Furthermore, we also purchased loans of $331.6 million to provide additional loan collateral for securitizations that we sponsored during 2019. These cash uses were offset by principal payments from members of $2.5 billion and proceeds from loan sales of $9.1 billion.
For the year ended December 31, 2018, net cash provided by operating activities was $1.0 billion, which stemmed from a net loss of $252.4 million that was more than offset by combined positive adjustments for non-cash items of $47.5 million and a favorable change in operating assets net of operating liabilities of $1.2 billion. The change in operating assets net of operating liabilities was primarily a result of our loan origination and sales activities. We originated loans of $11.7 billion during the period and also purchased certain loans of $10.3 million. Furthermore, we also purchased loans of $260.4 million to provide additional loan collateral for securitizations that we sponsored during 2018. These cash uses were offset by principal payments from members of $2.4 billion and proceeds from loan sales of $10.7 billion.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
For the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash provided by investing activities was $258.9 million, which was primarily attributable to proceeds from our securitization investments of $322.7 million, partially offset by our acquisition activities during the year, which resulted in a net use of cash of $32.4 million. Moreover, we extended additional financing to Apex
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during the year, which required a use of cash of $7.6 million. Lastly, we used $24.5 million for purchases of property, equipment and software.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, net cash provided by investing activities was $114.9 million, primarily resulting from $165.1 million in proceeds from our securitization investments, partially offset by $37.6 million in purchases of property, equipment and software. In 2019, we made significant leasehold improvement capital expenditures at our corporate headquarters in San Francisco, California. Lastly, we made our first loan to Apex during 2019, which required a use of cash of $9.1 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2018, net cash used in investing activities was $12.3 million, resulting from $100.4 million of cash outflows related to our initial investment in Apex and $13.7 million in purchases of property, equipment and software, partially offset by proceeds of $101.9 million from receipts from securitization investments.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
For the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash provided by financing activities was $853.8 million. We received $10.2 billion of proceeds from debt financing activities, which were primarily attributable to our lending activities and included a $325.0 million draw on our revolving credit facility during the year. These debt proceeds were partially offset by $9.7 billion of debt repayments, $8.6 billion of which were related to our warehouse facilities. Our payments of debt issuance costs were in the normal course of business and reflective of our recurring debt warehouse facility activity, which involves securing new warehouse facilities and extending existing warehouse facilities. We also generated cash of $369.8 million from a common stock issuance in the fourth quarter of 2020. We paid Series 1 redeemable preferred stock dividends of $40.5 million and taxes related to restricted stock unit (“RSU”) vesting of $31.3 million. These uses were offset by principal repayments of $43.5 million related to our stockholder note receivable, which was fully paid off as of December 31, 2020.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, net cash provided by financing activities was $93.1 million. Our financing activities were primarily driven by proceeds from debt issuances of $12.5 billion, partially offset by principal payments on debt of $12.8 billion. In addition, we generated cash from preferred stock issuances of $573.8 million, gross of issuance costs of $2.4 million. The debt issuance and payment activity was related to our revolving credit facility, warehouse financing facilities, residual interests classified as debt and securitization debt. In May 2019, we issued 13,967,169 shares of Series H and 3,234,000 shares of Series 1 redeemable preferred stock for combined net proceeds of $536.6 million. In October 2019, we issued an additional 2,257,365 shares of Series H preferred stock for proceeds of $34.8 million. In 2019, we paid $23.9 million in dividends on the Series 1 redeemable preferred stock. Additionally, we issued a note receivable to a stockholder, which resulted in a net cash outflow of $43.5 million. Finally, taxes paid in connection with RSU vesting of $21.4 million were reflective of our increasing use of RSUs as a compensation mechanism to attract and retain talent.
For the year ended December 31, 2018, net cash used in financing activities was $954.8 million, primarily resulting from principal payments on debt of $14.6 billion, partially offset by proceeds from debt issuances of $13.7 billion. Furthermore, we paid debt issuance costs of $22.7 million during 2018 in conjunction with our borrowing activities.
Borrowings
Historically, our borrowings include our loan and risk retention warehouse facilities, asset-backed securitization debt and revolving credit facility. During the year ended December 31, 2020, our borrowings also consisted of a seller note issued in connection with the acquisition of Galileo, which is further discussed in “Liquidity and Capital Resources — Contractual Obligations”, as well as in Note 2 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. A detailed description of each of our borrowing arrangements is included in Note 9 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus.
The amount of financing actually advanced on each individual loan under our loan warehouse facilities, as determined by agreed-upon advance rates, may be less than the stated advance rate depending, in part, on changes in underlying loan characteristics of the loans securing the financings. Each of our loan warehouse facilities allows the lender providing the funds to evaluate the market value of the loans that are serving as collateral for the borrowings or advances being made. As it relates to home loan warehouse facilities and risk retention warehouse facilities, if the lender determines that the value of the collateral has decreased, the lender can require us to provide additional collateral or reduce the amount outstanding with respect to those loans (e.g., initiate a margin call). Our inability or unwillingness to satisfy the request could result in the termination of the facilities and possible default under our other loan funding facilities. In addition, a large unanticipated margin call could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity.
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The amount owed and outstanding on our loan warehouse facilities fluctuates significantly based on our origination volume, sales volume, the amount of time it takes us to sell our loans, and the amount of loans being self-funded with cash. We may, from time to time, use surplus cash to self-fund a portion of our loan originations and risk retention in the case of securitization transfers.
Our debt warehouse facilities and revolving credit facility also generally require us to comply with certain operating and financial covenants and the availability of funds under these lending arrangements is subject to, among other conditions, our continued compliance with these covenants. These financial covenants include, but are not limited to, maintaining: (i) a certain minimum tangible net worth, (ii) minimum cash and cash equivalents, and (iii) a maximum leverage ratio of total debt to tangible net worth. A breach of these covenants can result in an event of default under these facilities and allows the lenders to pursue certain remedies. Our subsidiaries are restricted in the amount that can be distributed to SoFi only to the extent that such distributions would cause the financial covenants to not be met.
In addition, pursuant to our Series 1 redeemable preferred stock agreement, we are subject to the following financial covenants:
Tangible net worth to total debt ratio, which excludes our warehouse, risk retention and securitization related debt;
Tangible net worth to Series 1 redeemable preferred stock ratio requirement; and
Minimum excess equity requirements, which measure includes redeemable preferred stock, exclusive of Series 1 redeemable preferred stock.
We were in compliance with all covenants as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.
Financial Condition Summary
December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019
Changes in the composition and balance of our assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019 were principally attributed to the following:
an increase of $633.2 million in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents. See “— Liquidity and Capital Resources” for further discussion of our cash flow activity;
an increase of $14.4 million in right-of-use assets associated with new finance leases, and an offsetting increase in finance lease liabilities of $14.7 million;
an increase of $820.4 million in gross warehouse facility debt and a decrease of $1.3 billion in gross securitization debt, of which $394.6 million of the securitization debt decrease was related to VIEs that were consolidated as of December 31, 2019, but deconsolidated during 2020, because we no longer had a significant financial interest in the VIEs;
a net decrease in loans of $508.7 million, which included originations of $9.7 billion, offset by principal payments and sales of $10.1 billion. We also purchased loans of $690.2 million and deconsolidated $902.2 million of loans held in previously consolidated VIEs;
goodwill associated with the Galileo and 8 Limited acquisitions of $883.6 million;
intangible assets acquired associated with the Galileo and 8 Limited acquisitions of $393.0 million;
seller note principal balance associated with the Galileo acquisition of $250.0 million; and
draws on our revolving credit facility of $325.0 million in the aggregate.
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December 31, 2019 compared to December 31, 2018
Changes in the composition and balance of our assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2019 compared to December 31, 2018 were principally attributed to the following:
a $153.2 million increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents. See “— Liquidity and Capital Resources” for further discussion of our cash flow activity;
a $549.2 million increase in temporary equity associated with our Series H and Series 1 preferred stock transactions;
an $11.2 billion increase in loans through origination activity, offset by $13.5 billion of aggregate decreases associated with payments, sales of loans and the deconsolidations of previously consolidated VIEs;
a $101.4 million increase in operating lease right-of-use assets and a $124.7 million increase in operating lease liabilities associated with the adoption of ASC 842, Leases, and subsequent lease activity during 2019; and
a $1.5 billion net decrease in debt driven by a $1.4 billion decrease in gross securitization debt primarily related to the pay down of balances and a $172.6 million decrease in gross warehouse facility debt primarily due to customary loan origination and sales activity. These amounts were partially offset by $58.0 million in incremental borrowings on our revolving credit facility.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. In preparing our consolidated financial statements, we make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities, as well as revenues and expenses. We base our assumptions, judgments and estimates on historical experience and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. The results involve judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We regularly evaluate our estimates, assumptions and judgments, particularly those that include the most difficult, subjective or complex judgments and are often about matters that are inherently uncertain. See Note 1 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under “— Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for a summary of our significant accounting policies and under “— Recently Adopted Accounting Standards” for a discussion of accounting pronouncements recently adopted. The most significant judgments, estimates and assumptions relate to the critical accounting policies, as discussed in more detail below.
Stock-Based Compensation
Historically, we have offered stock options and RSUs to employees and non-employees. We measure and recognize compensation expense for all stock-based awards made to employees based on estimated fair values on the date of grant. The compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for time-based awards with only service conditions. Stock-based awards with performance conditions, which we have offered infrequently, are expensed under the accelerated method based on each vesting tranche. We recognize forfeitures as incurred and, therefore, reverse previously recognized stock-based compensation expense at the time of forfeiture. We use the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model (the “Black-Scholes Model”) to estimate the fair value of stock options. RSUs are measured based on the fair values of our underlying common stock on the dates of grant.
Stock Options
The Black-Scholes Model requires the use of subjective assumptions, including the risk-free interest rate, expected term, expected stock price volatility and dividend yield. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates for constant maturity U.S. Treasury securities consistent with the expected term of our stock options. The expected term represents the period of time the stock options are expected to be outstanding and is based on the simplified method. Under the simplified method, the expected term of a stock option is presumed to be the midpoint between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term. Management uses the simplified method due to the lack of sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to otherwise estimate the expected term of the stock options. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility for publicly-traded stock of comparable companies over the estimated expected life of the stock options. In identifying comparable companies, we considered factors such as industry, stage of life cycle and size. We assumed no dividend yield for all periods presented because we do not expect to pay dividends in the near future, which is consistent with
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our history of not paying dividends. Stock option valuations also depend on the valuation of our common stock on the date of grant, as discussed below.
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2018, our board of directors granted a total of 217,275 and 12,479,500 stock options, respectively. No stock options were granted during 2019; therefore, a stock option valuation was not necessary. The inputs used for estimating the fair value of stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2020 are disclosed in Note 12 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus.
The following table summarizes the inputs used for estimating the fair value of stock options granted during the years indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
Input20202018
Risk-free interest rate0.3% – 1.4%2.5% – 3.1%
Expected term (years)5.5 – 6.05.7 – 6.3
Expected volatility36.5% – 42.5%35.0%
Fair value of common stock$11.21 – $12.11
$10.78 – $11.97
Dividend yield—%—%
Restricted Stock Units
During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, our board of directors granted a total of 20,636,594, 9,136,245 and 11,211,409 RSUs, respectively, at weighted average share prices of $13.57, $11.28 and $11.45, respectively. The RSU share prices were based on the prevailing fair value of our common stock at the time of each stock-based grant.
Prior to making progress toward pursuing a public market transaction, we established the fair value of our common stock through the utilization of option pricing models (Black-Scholes based) via the backsolve method when there were representative transactions available, such as was the case with our Series H redeemable preferred stock transactions during 2019. Prior to the first Series H redeemable preferred stock transaction, we valued our common stock using a combination of previous redeemable preferred stock transactions, transactions in our common stock and a guideline public company multiples analysis. See below for a discussion of our common stock valuation process during the period wherein we started to pursue a public market transaction.
Common Stock Valuations
Due to the absence of an active market for our common stock, the fair value of our common stock, which is used as an input into the valuation of both our stock options and RSUs granted, is determined by our board of directors based on a third-party valuation and input from our management. The valuation of our common stock is performed by independent valuation specialists when the board of directors believes an event has occurred that may significantly impact the value of our common stock, which is at least on an annual basis, but has been more frequent during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. The valuation specialists apply valuation techniques and methods that conform to generally accepted valuation practices and standards established by the American Society of Appraisers in accordance with Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice. The valuation methodologies and techniques utilized are also consistent with guidance issued by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants in its Accounting and Valuation Guide, Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation, 2013. They use a number of objective and subjective factors, including:
prices at which our common and preferred stock have been bought and sold in third-party, arms-length, non-employee based transactions;
our capital structure and the prices at which we issued our preferred stock and the relative rights and characteristics of the preferred stock as compared to those of our common stock;
our results of operations, financial position and our future business plans, which include financial forecasts and budgets;
capital market data on interest rates, yields and rates of return for various investments;
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the material risks related to our business and the state of the development of our target markets;
the market performance of publicly-traded companies in comparable market sectors;
external market conditions affecting comparable market sectors;
the degree of marketability for our common stock including contractual restrictions on transfer of the units; and
the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event for our preferred and common stockholders, given prevailing market conditions.
The weighted average fair value of our common stock was $13.37, $11.28 and $11.39 during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The grant date exercise and share prices were generally based on the fair value of our common stock as of each valuation date using option pricing model valuation techniques.
During 2018 and 2019, we established the fair value of our common stock through placing weight on previous redeemable preferred stock transactions, for which we used the option pricing model (Black-Scholes Model based) via the backsolve method, transactions in our common stock during the period and a guideline public company multiples analysis.
During the third quarter of 2020, once we made intentional progress toward pursuing a public market transaction, we began applying the probability-weighted expected return method (“PWERM”) to determine the fair value of our common stock. The probability weightings assigned to certain potential exit scenarios were based on management’s expected near-term and long-term funding requirements and assessment of the most attractive liquidation possibilities at the time of the valuation. During this process, we assigned probability weightings to “go public” event scenarios and a “stay private” scenario, wherein the enterprise valuation was based on either estimated exit valuations determined from conversations held with external parties or was based on public company comparable net book value multiples at the time of our valuation, respectively. In addition, our “stay private” scenario valuation approach continued to rely on a guideline public company multiples analysis with an option pricing model to determine the amount of aggregate equity value allocated to our common stock. The valuations from 2018 through the third quarter of 2020 also applied discounts for lack of marketability ranging from 16% to 25% to reflect the fact that there was no market mechanism to sell our common stock and, as such, the common stock option and RSU holders would need to wait for a liquidity event to facilitate the sale of their equity awards. In addition, there were contractual transfer restrictions placed on common stock in the event that we remained a private company.
During the fourth quarter of 2020, we valued our common stock on a monthly basis. A common stock transaction that closed in December 2020 at a price of $18.43 per common share, which was of substantial size and in close proximity to the Business Combination, served as the key input for the fair value of our common stock for grants made during the fourth quarter of 2020. We decreased the assumed discount for lack of marketability throughout the fourth quarter of 2020, corresponding with our decreased time to liquidity assumption throughout the quarter, as we became more certain about the possibility of entering into the Business Combination over time, and ultimately assumed no discount for lack of marketability for the month of December 2020.
Application of these approaches and methodologies involves the use of estimates, judgment and assumptions that are highly complex and subjective, such as those regarding our expected operations, market multiples, the selection of comparable public companies, and the probability of and timing associated with possible future events. Changes in any or all of these estimates and assumptions or the relationships between those assumptions impact our valuations as of each valuation date and may have a material impact on the valuation of our common stock.
See Note 12 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for information about stock-based compensation expense related to stock options and RSUs reflected in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).
Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities
We enter into arrangements in which we originate loans, establish a special purpose entity (“SPE”), and transfer the loans to the SPE. We retain the servicing rights of those loans and hold additional interests in the SPE. We evaluate each such arrangement to determine whether we have a variable interest. If we determine that we have a variable interest in an SPE, we then determine whether the SPE is a VIE. If the SPE is a VIE, we assesses whether we are the primary beneficiary of the VIE.
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To determine if we are the primary beneficiary, we identify the most significant activities and determine who has the power over those activities, and who absorbs the variability in the economics of the VIE.
We periodically reassess our involvement with each VIE in which we have a variable interest. We monitor matters related to our ability to control economic performance, such as management of the SPE and its underlying loans, contractual changes in the services provided, the extent of our ownership, and the rights of third parties to terminate us as the VIE servicer. In addition, we monitor the financial performance of each VIE for indications that we may or may not have the right to absorb benefits or the obligation to absorb losses associated with variability in the financial performance of the VIE that could potentially be significant to that VIE, which we define as a variable interest of greater than 10%.
A significant change to our or other parties’ pertinent rights, or a significant change to the ranges of possible financial performance outcomes used in our assessment of the variability of cash flows due to us, could impact the determination of whether or not a VIE should be consolidated in future periods. VIE consolidation and deconsolidation may lead to increased volatility in our financial results and impact period-over-period comparability. Our maximum exposure to loss as a result of our involvement with consolidated VIEs is limited to our investment, which is eliminated in consolidation. There are no liquidity arrangements, guarantees or other commitments by third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of our variable interests in consolidated VIEs.
Fair Value
Our involvement with VIEs and origination of student, personal and home loans, which we fair value on a recurring basis, results in Level 2 and Level 3 assumptions having a material impact on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).
Loans do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices. We determine the fair value of our loans using a discounted cash flow methodology, while also considering market data as it becomes available. We classify loans as Level 3 because the valuations utilize significant unobservable inputs.
When we consolidate VIEs, the loans remain on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and are measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs. Moreover, third-party residual claims on these loans are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are presented as residual interests classified as debt in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We record subsequent fair value measurement changes in the period in which the change occurs within noninterest income — securitizations in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). We determine the fair value of our residual interests classified as debt using a discounted cash flow methodology, while also considering market data as it becomes available.
Consistent with ASC 325-40, Investments — Other — Beneficial Interests in Securitized Financial Assets, we recognize interest expense related to the residual interests classified as debt over the expected life using the effective yield method, which is effectively a reclassification between noninterest income and interest income for the portion of the overall fair value change attributable to interest expense. On a quarterly basis, we reevaluate the cash flow estimates to determine if a change to the accretable yield is required on a prospective basis. We classify the residual interests classified as debt as Level 3 due to the reliance on significant unobservable valuation inputs.
When we do not consolidate VIEs, we generally hold risk retention interests, which we refer to as securitization investments. In Company-sponsored securitization transactions that meet the applicable criteria to be accounted for as a sale, we retain certain asset-backed bonds, which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 2 inputs, and residual investments, which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs. Gains and losses related to our securitization investments are reported within noninterest income — securitizations in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). We determine the fair value of our securitization investments using a discounted cash flow methodology, while also considering market data as it becomes available.
For our loans, residual interests classified as debt and securitization investments, the fair value estimates are impacted by assumptions regarding credit performance, prepayments and discount rates. See “—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” for discussion of the sensitivity of our financial instruments measured at fair value to changes in various market risks.
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Business Combinations
We account for acquisitions of entities or asset groups that qualify as businesses using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. Purchase consideration is allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the estimated fair values as of the acquisition date, which are measured in accordance with the principles outlined in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, and which are typically determined in consultation with an independent appraiser.
The determination of fair value requires management to make estimates about discount rates, future expected cash flows, market conditions and other future events that are highly subjective in nature. The judgments made in the determination of the estimated fair value assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as the estimated useful life of each asset and the duration of each liability, could significantly impact the consolidated financial statements in periods after the acquisition, such as through depreciation and amortization expense. Assumptions for the developed technology generally include expected earnings attributable to the asset (including an assumed technology migration curve and contributory asset charges) and an assumed discount rate. Assumptions for the customer-related intangibles generally include estimated annual revenues and net cash flows (including revenue ramp-up periods and customer attrition rates) and an assumed discount rate. Assumptions for the trade names, trademark and domain names generally include expected earnings attributable to the asset, the probability of use of the asset, the royalty rate and an assumed discount rate.
The excess of the total purchase consideration over the fair value of the identified net assets acquired is recognized as goodwill. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred. The results of operations for each acquisition are included in the Company’s consolidated financial results beginning on the respective acquisition date.
During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the allocation of purchase consideration and to the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed to the extent that additional information becomes available. After this period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).
Recent Accounting Standards Issued, But Not Yet Adopted
See Note 1 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We enter into arrangements in which we originate loans, establish an SPE and transfer loans to the SPE, which has historically served as an important source of liquidity. We also retain the servicing rights of the underlying loans and hold additional interests in the SPE. When an SPE is determined not to be a VIE or when an SPE is determined to be a VIE but we are not the primary beneficiary, the SPE is not consolidated. In addition, a significant change to the pertinent rights of other parties or our pertinent rights, or a significant change to the ranges of possible financial performance outcomes used in our assessment of the variability of cash flows due to us, could impact the determination of whether or not a VIE is consolidated. VIE consolidation and deconsolidation may lead to increased volatility in our financial results and impact period-over-period comparability. See Note 1 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus in “— Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” for our VIE consolidation policy.
We established personal loan trusts and student loan trusts that were created and designed to transfer credit and interest rate risk associated with the underlying loans through the issuance of collateralized notes and residual certificates. We hold a variable interest in the trusts through our ownership of collateralized notes in the form of asset-backed bonds and residual certificates in the trusts. The residual certificates absorb variability and represent the equity ownership interest in the equity portion of the personal loan trusts and student loan trusts.
We are also the servicer for all trusts in which we hold a financial interest. Although we have the power as servicer to perform the activities that most impact the economic performance of the VIE, we do not hold a significant financial interest in the trusts and, therefore, we are not the primary beneficiary. Further, we do not provide financial support beyond our initial equity investment, and our maximum exposure to loss as a result of our involvement with nonconsolidated VIEs is limited to our investment. For a more detailed discussion of nonconsolidated VIEs, including activity in relation to the establishment of trusts, the aggregate outstanding values of variable interests and the deconsolidation of VIEs, see Note 5 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus.
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As a component of our loan sale agreements, we make certain representations to third parties that purchased our previously held loans, which includes FNMA repurchase requirements, general representations and warranties and credit-related repurchase requirements, all of which are standard in nature and, therefore, do not constrain our ability to recognize a sale for accounting purposes. Pursuant to ASC 460, Guarantees, we establish a loan repurchase liability, which is based on historical experience and any current developments which would make it probable that we would buy back loans previously sold to third parties at the historical sales price. Our credit-related repurchase requirements are assessed for loss under ASC 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we made repurchases of $9.0 million associated with these arrangements. As of December 31, 2020, we accrued liabilities of $5.2 million related to our estimated repurchase obligation.
We do not engage in any other off-balance sheet financing arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
In the normal course of business, we are subject to a variety of risks which can affect our operations and profitability. We broadly define these areas of risk as interest rate risk, market risk, credit risk and counterparty risk. Historically, substantially all of our revenue and operating expenses were denominated in U.S. dollars. As a result of our acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2020, which are further discussed in Note 2 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus, we may in the future be subject to increasing foreign currency exchange rate risk. Foreign currency exchange rate risk is the risk that our financial position or results of operations could be positively or negatively impacted by fluctuations in exchange rates. For the periods presented in this proxy statement/prospectus, there would have been an immaterial impact on earnings if exchange rates were to have increased or decreased.
Interest Rate Risk
We are subject to interest rate risk associated with our consolidated loans, securitization investments (including residual investments and asset-backed bonds), servicing rights and variable-rate debt. Our loan portfolio consists of personal loans, student loans and home loans, which are carried at fair value on a recurring basis, and credit cards and a commercial loan, which are measured at amortized cost. The loans with variable interest rates are exposed to interest rate volatility, which impacts the amount of interest income we recognize on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). Our securitization residual investments are carried at fair value, which is subject to changes in market value by virtue of the impact of interest rates on the market yield of the residual investments. The value and earnings of our asset-backed bonds, which are associated with our personal and student loans, have a converse relationship to the movement of interest rates. That is, as interest rates rise, bond values and earnings fall and vice versa. Lastly, we are subject to interest rate risk on our variable-rate warehouse facilities and our revolving credit facility. Future funding activities may increase our exposure to interest rate risk, as the interest rates payable on such funding are tied to the one-month or three-month LIBOR. These arrangements will also be subject to the reference rate reform guidance, which is further discussed in Note 1 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus in “— Recent Accounting Standards Issued, But Not Yet Adopted”.
Interest rate risk also occurs in periods where changes in short-term interest rates result in loans being originated with terms that provide a smaller interest rate spread above the financing terms of our warehouse facilities, which can negatively impact our realized net interest income.
Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis
The following table summarizes the potential effect on earnings over the next 12 months and the potential effect on the fair values of assets and liabilities recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020, as applicable, based upon a sensitivity analysis performed by management assuming an immediate hypothetical increase and decrease in market interest rates of 100 basis points. The fair value and earnings sensitivities are applied only to financial assets and liabilities that existed
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at the indicated balance sheet date. A hypothetical 100 basis points increase in interest rates would have had an immaterial impact on our interest income as it relates to our nascent credit card product and was, therefore, excluded from the below.
As of
December 31, 2020
Impact if Interest Rates:
($ in thousands)
Increase
100 Basis Points
Decrease
100 Basis Points
Loans at fair value
Fair value$4,859,068 $4,753,825 $4,970,723 
Income (loss) before income taxes – fair value change(105,243)111,655 
Income (loss) before income taxes – interest income(1)
3,125 (3,125)
Securitization investments
Fair value$496,935 $485,868 $508,550 
Income (loss) before income taxes(11,067)11,615 
Servicing rights
Fair value$149,597 $146,611 $152,742 
Income (loss) before income taxes(2,986)3,145 
Debt(2)
Carrying value$3,983,665 n/an/a
Income (loss) before income taxes(39,837)39,837 
Total
Income (loss) before income taxes$(156,008)$163,127 
___________________
(1)Sensitivity analysis was performed only on our variable-rate loans held on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and reflects the impact on interest income from changes in interest rates, while holding all other factors constant.
(2)Sensitivity analysis was performed only on our variable-rate debt, which is not measured at fair value on a recurring basis and, therefore, only reflects the hypothetical impact on interest expense. Additionally, these amounts are gross of debt issuance costs and discounts.
Credit Risk
We are subject to credit risk, which is the risk of default that results from a borrower’s inability or unwillingness to make contractually required loan payments, or declines in home loan collateral values. Generally, all loans sold into the secondary market are sold without recourse. For such loans, our credit risk is limited to repurchase obligations due to fraud or origination defects. For loans that were repurchased or not sold in the secondary market, we are subject to credit risk to the extent a borrower defaults and we are not able to fully recover the principal balance. We believe that this risk is mitigated through the implementation of stringent underwriting standards, strong fraud detection tools and technology designed to comply with applicable laws and our standards. In addition, we believe that this risk is mitigated through the quality of our loan portfolio. The weighted average origination FICO during the year ended December 31, 2020 was 768.
The following table summarizes the potential effect on earnings over the next 12 months and the potential effect on the fair values of our loans for which we elected the fair value option and residual investments recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 based on upon a sensitivity analysis performed by management assuming an immediate hypothetical change in credit loss rates by a rate of 10%. The fair value and earnings sensitivities are applied only to loans that existed at the indicated balance sheet date. A hypothetical 10% increase in credit losses would have had an immaterial impact on our provision for credit losses as it relates to our nascent credit card product and was, therefore, excluded from the below.
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As of
December 31, 2020
Impact if Credit Loss Rates:
($ in thousands)Increase 10 PercentDecrease 10 Percent
Loans at fair value
Fair value$4,859,068 $4,845,739 $4,872,397 
Income (loss) before income taxes(13,329)13,329 
Residual investments(1)
Fair value$139,524 $138,711 $140,337 
Income (loss) before income taxes(813)813 
Total
Income (loss) before income taxes$(14,142)$14,142 
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(1)Only residual investments are included herein, as they are subject to credit exposure, and by design this is the portion of the SPE that is expected to absorb the losses of the VIE. Alternatively, asset-backed bonds are not expected to absorb the losses of the VIE based on the extent of overcollateralization and expected credit losses of the VIE.
Market Risk
We are exposed to the risk of loss to future earnings, values or future cash flows that may result from changes in market discount rates. We are exposed to such market risk directly through loans, servicing rights and securitization investments held on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, all of which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using a discounted cash flow methodology in which the discount rate represents an estimate of the required rate of return by market participants. The discount rates for our loans and securitization investments may change due to expected loan performance or changes in the expected returns of similar financial instruments available in the market. For our servicing rights, the discount rate is commensurate with the risk of the servicing asset cash flow, which varies based on the characteristics of the serviced loan portfolio.
As of
December 31, 2020
Impact if Discount Rates:
($ in thousands)Increase
100 Basis Points
Decrease
100 Basis Points
Loans at fair value
Fair value$4,859,068 $4,753,825 $4,970,723 
Income (loss) before income taxes(105,243)111,655 
Securitization investments
Carrying value$496,935 $485,868 $508,550 
Income (loss) before income taxes(11,067)11,615 
Servicing rights
Fair value$149,597 $146,611 $152,742 
Income (loss) before income taxes(2,986)3,145 
Total
Income (loss) before income taxes$(119,296)$126,415 
Counterparty Risk
We are subject to risk that arises from our debt warehouse facilities and interest rate risk hedging activities. These activities generally involve an exchange of obligations with unaffiliated lenders or other companies, referred to in such transactions as “counterparties”. If a counterparty were to default, we could potentially be exposed to financial loss if such counterparty were unable to meet its obligations to us. We manage this risk by selecting only counterparties that we believe to be financially strong, spreading the risk among many such counterparties, placing contractual limits on the amount of dependence on any single counterparty, and entering into netting agreements with the counterparties as appropriate.
In accordance with Treasury Market Practices Group’s recommendation, we execute Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association trading agreements with all material trading partners. Each such agreement provides for an exchange of margin money should either party’s exposure exceed a predetermined contractual limit. Such margin requirements limit our overall counterparty exposure. The master netting agreements contain a legal right to offset amounts due to and from the same
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counterparty. Derivative assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets represent derivative contracts in a gain position net of loss positions with the same counterparty and, therefore, also represent our maximum counterparty credit risk. We incurred no losses due to nonperformance by any of our counterparties during the year ended December 31, 2020. We did not have any derivative asset positions subject to master netting arrangements as of December 31, 2020. Our derivative liability position was $3.0 million as of December 31, 2020.
Also, in the case of our debt warehouse facilities, we are subject to risk if the counterparty chooses not to renew a borrowing agreement and we are unable to obtain financing to originate loans. With our debt warehouse facilities, we seek to mitigate this risk by ensuring that it has sufficient borrowing capacity with a variety of well-established counterparties to meet our funding needs. As of December 31, 2020, we had total borrowing capacity under debt warehouse facilities of $6.4 billion, of which $2.4 billion was utilized. Refer to Note 9 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for a listing of our debt warehouse facilities.
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MANAGEMENT OF SOFI TECHNOLOGIES FOLLOWING THE BUSINESS COMBINATION
Executive Officers and Directors
The following table sets forth certain information, as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, concerning the individuals who are anticipated to be the executive officers and directors of SoFi Technologies following the Closing of the Business Combination:
NameAgePosition
Anthony Noto52Chief Executive Officer and Director Nominee
Christopher Lapointe37Chief Financial Officer
Michelle Gill48Executive Vice President and Group Business Unit Leader – Lending & Capital Markets
Micah Heavener45Head of Operations
Robert Lavet66General Counsel and Secretary
Jennifer Nuckles46Executive Vice President and Group Business Unit Leader – Relay, Protect, Lantern, Content, At Work & Partnerships
Maria Renz52Executive Vice President and Group Business Unit Leader – SoFi Money, SoFi Invest & Credit Card
Assaf Ronen47Chief Product Officer
Lauren Stafford Webb36Chief Marketing Officer
Aaron J. Webster41Chief Risk Officer
Clay Wilkes60Chief Executive Officer – Galileo and Director Nominee
Tom Hutton66Chairman of the Board of Directors
Steven Freiberg64Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors
Ahmed Al-Hammadi39Director Nominee
Michael Bingle48Director Nominee
Michel Combes58Director Nominee
Richard Costolo57Director Nominee
Clara Liang41Director Nominee
Carlos Medeiros39Director Nominee
Harvey Schwartz57Director Nominee
Magdalena Yeşil62Director Nominee
The foregoing table does not include one vacant director position to be designated by Red Crow in accordance with the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation and the Shareholders’ Agreement, which we expect to be filled post-Closing. See “ — Board Composition” below.
Executive Officers
Anthony Noto has served as the Chief Executive Officer of SoFi and as a member of its board of directors since February 2018, and will serve as the Chief Executive Officer of SoFi Technologies following the consummation of the Business Combination. Before joining SoFi, Mr. Noto served as Twitter’s Chief Operations Officer, a digital/mobile information network, from 2016 to 2017 and as Twitter’s Chief Financial Officer from 2014 to 2017. Previously, Mr. Noto served for almost four years as co-head of Global Technology, Media and Telecom Investment Banking at Goldman Sachs, a multinational investment bank, from 2010 to 2014. Mr. Noto spent nearly three years as the Chief Financial Officer of the National Football League from 2008 to 2010. Mr. Noto holds a bachelor of science from the U.S. Military Academy, and a master of business administration from the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School. We believe Mr. Noto is qualified to serve in the capacity of Chief Executive Officer and as a member of our Board of Directors because of his extensive experience in the technology and financial services sectors in both operating and financial leadership capacities.
Christopher Lapointe has served as the Chief Financial Officer of SoFi since September 2020 and will serve in the same capacity with SoFi Technologies following the consummation of the Business Combination. Mr. Lapointe has served in multiple leadership roles at SoFi including interim Chief Financial Officer beginning in April 2020 and Head of Business
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Operations beginning in June 2018. Prior to joining SoFi, Mr. Lapointe served as the Global Head of FP&A, Corporate Finance and FinTech at Uber Technologies, Inc., a company providing ridesharing services, from November 2015 to June 2018. Previously, Mr. Lapointe served as the Vice President of Technology, Media & Telecommunications Investment Banking at Goldman Sachs from July 2012 to November 2015. Mr. Lapointe holds a bachelor of arts from Dartmouth College as well as a master of business administration from the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College.
Michelle Gill has served as the Executive Vice President and Group Business Unit Leader for Lending & Capital Markets of SoFi since April 2020 and will serve in the same capacity with SoFi Technologies following the consummation of the Business Combination. She previously served as SoFi’s Chief Financial Officer from May 2018 to April 2020. Prior to joining SoFi, Ms. Gill served as a Managing Director working on Americas Asset Investing Business at TPG Sixth Street Partners, a global investment firm, from July 2017 to April 2018. Prior to TPG Sixth Street Partners, Ms. Gill spent 14 years at Goldman Sachs where, most recently, she was a Partner co-heading the Structured Finance business. Ms. Gill holds a bachelor of arts from the University of California, Los Angeles and a juris doctor from Cornell Law School.
Micah Heavener has served as the Head of Operations of SoFi since May 2020 and will serve in the same capacity with SoFi Technologies following the consummation of the Business Combination. In this role, Mr. Heavener oversees SoFi’s operational staff. Mr. Heavener previously served as the Head of Lending Operations from July 2018 to May 2020. Prior to joining SoFi, Mr. Heavener served as Managing Director, Head of Cardmember Services at Citibank, NA (“Citi”) from October 2016 to July 2018, where he led Cardmember Services for Citi’s U.S. credit card business. Prior to that role, Mr. Heavener held a number of leadership roles within Citi’s Global Consumer Business since joining Citi in 2005. Prior to joining Citi, Mr. Heavener was an infantry officer in the United States Army and served the United States abroad in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. Mr. Heavener holds a bachelor of arts degree from The Citadel, and earned his master of business administration from the University of Florida.
Robert Lavet has served as General Counsel and Secretary of SoFi since 2012 and will serve in the same capacity with SoFi Technologies following the consummation of the Business Combination. In this role, Mr. Lavet is responsible for managing all legal affairs for SoFi and its affiliate entities. Prior to joining SoFi, Mr. Lavet served as a Principal in the Education and Litigation practice groups of the Washington, D.C. law firm of Powers, Pyles, Sutter & Verville PC (“PPSV”), where he represented financial institutions and post-secondary institutions on a wide variety of regulatory, litigation and transactional matters. Prior to PPSV, Mr. Lavet served as General Counsel to SLM Corporation (known as Sallie Mae), a Fortune 300 company and the largest provider of education finance. Before his 16-year career with Sallie Mae, Mr. Lavet was a trial attorney for the United States Department of Justice for three years and ultimately served as a Partner in the Washington D.C. law firm of Cole, Corette & Abrutyn, specializing in corporate and securities litigation. He was named a top Washington D.C. corporate counsel in 2015 and 2019. Mr. Lavet holds a bachelor of arts from the University of Pennsylvania and a juris doctor from Georgetown University Law Center.
Jennifer Nuckles has served as the Executive Vice President and Group Business Unit Leader for Relay, Protect, Lantern, Content, At Work & Partnerships of SoFi since 2019 and will serve in the same capacity with the Combined Company following the consummation of the Business Combination. Prior to joining SoFi, Ms. Nuckles served as an officer at various consumer technology companies, including telemedicine leader Doctor On Demand, Inc. She previously served as the Chief Marketing Officer of Zynga Inc., a social game development company, from 2014 to 2016. Ms. Nuckles also spent almost a decade in leadership positions at The Clorox Company, a multinational manufacturer and marketer of consumer and professional products, running well-known, household-name brands. Ms. Nuckles began her career in consulting covering consumer and media at Arthur Andersen, a firm which provided auditing, tax and consulting services. Ms. Nuckles holds a bachelor of arts from the University of California, Berkeley and a master of business administration from Harvard Business School.
Maria Renz has served as the Executive Vice President and Group Business Unit Leader for SoFi Money, SoFi Invest and Credit Card since March 2020 and will serve in the same capacity with SoFi Technologies following the consummation of the Business Combination. Prior to joining SoFi, Ms. Renz was the Vice President of Customer Service and Delivery Experience at Amazon.com, Inc. (“Amazon”), from 2017 to 2020. Ms. Renz also held a variety of additional leadership positions at Amazon, including Vice President and Technical Advisor to the CEO. Prior to joining Amazon, Ms. Renz worked in brand management at Kraft Foods, Inc., as well as Hallmark Cards, Inc. Ms. Renz currently serves as a Board member for DoorDash Inc., a food delivery company (NYSE: DASH). Ms. Renz holds a bachelor of science from Drexel University and a master of business administration from Vanderbilt University.
Assaf Ronen has served as the Chief Product Officer of SoFi since June 2020 and will serve in the same capacity with the Combined Company following the consummation of the Business Combination. Prior to this role, Mr. Ronen served as the
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Head of Product & Design of SoFi from June 2018 to June 2020. In this role, Mr. Ronen oversees the strategy and direction of SoFi’s suite of product offerings. Prior to joining SoFi, Mr. Ronen founded and served as Vice President of Amazon’s Alexa shopping group from 2014 to 2017, creating a new market category in the burgeoning world of voice assistants. Mr. Ronen previously served as a Vice President responsible for Amazon’s physical payments business. Prior to joining Amazon, Mr. Ronen spent nearly seven years at Microsoft Corporation, where he served as general manager of Skype after its acquisition, and as the general manager of identity, access, and security products. Mr. Ronen completed his computer science education while serving in the Israeli Army’s Center of Computing and Information Systems.
Lauren Stafford Webb has served as the Chief Marketing Officer of SoFi since June 2019 and will serve in the same capacity with the Combined Company following the consummation of the Business Combination. In this role, Ms. Stafford Webb oversees the SoFi brand and all aspects of marketing. Prior to joining SoFi, Ms. Stafford Webb served at Intuit Inc., a business and financial software company, from February 2017 to May 2019, where she most recently was Vice President of Intuit Marketing, spearheading the delivery of the company’s first corporate brand strategy and campaign. Prior to Intuit, Ms. Stafford Webb held marketing leadership positions at The Procter & Gamble Company, a multinational consumer goods company, from June 2007 to October 2015, where she led well-known household name brands. Ms. Stafford Webb holds a bachelor of science in business administration from The Ohio State University Fisher College of Business.
Aaron J. Webster has served as the Chief Risk Officer of SoFi since 2019 and will serve in the same capacity with the Combined Company following the consummation of the Business Combination. Prior to joining SoFi, Mr. Webster served as Chief Risk Officer — U.S. Retail Bank and Mortgage and Head of Global Regulatory Analytics for Citi, the consumer division of the multinational financial services firm, from 2018 to 2019. Previously, Mr. Webster held several leadership roles at Toyota Financial Services, a leading automotive lender, beginning in 2008, with his most recent position as Managing Director, Americas Risk Management from 2008 to 2018. Previously, Mr. Webster served in various roles at GE Capital, Washington Mutual Bank FSB, and Wachovia Bank, NA (now Wells Fargo & Company). Mr. Webster holds a bachelor of arts from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Directors
Tom Hutton has served as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of SoFi since September 2017 and a director of SoFi since June 2012. Mr. Hutton previously served as interim Chief Executive Officer of SoFi from September 2017 to March 2018. Mr. Hutton has served as the Managing Partner of Thompson Hutton, LLC (“Thompson Hutton”), an investment management firm since 2000. He also founded and has served as Managing Partner of XL Innovate fund, a venture capital fund, since 2000. He has also served as a Board member of Lemonade Inc. (NYSE: LMND) since 2015 and previously served as a Board member of Safeco Insurance, Montpelier Re Holdings and XL Group. Mr. Hutton holds a bachelor of arts and master of science from Stanford University and a master of business administration from Harvard Business School. We believe that Mr. Hutton is qualified to serve as a member of our Board of Directors because of his experience as a director and Audit Committee Chairman of public companies and his knowledge of the fintech industry.
Steven Freiberg has served as the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors of SoFi since September 2017 and a director of SoFi since March 2017. Mr. Freiberg served as a senior advisor to SoFi from July 2018 to June 2019 and also served as SoFi’s interim Chief Financial Officer from May 2017 to June 2018. Mr. Freiberg is a long-term veteran of the financial services sector, having served as the Chief Executive Officer of E*TRADE Financial Corporation, an electronic trading platform, and having held multiple positions at Citigroup over a 30 year period, including serving as the Co-Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Citigroup’s Global Consumer Group. He has also served as a Board member of MasterCard (NYSE: MA) since September 2006, Regional Management (NYSE: RM) since July 2014, Rewards Network since 2017, Purchasing Power, LLC since 2017, Fair Square Financial, LLC since 2016 and as a Founder of Grand Vista Partners, and a senior advisor to several companies including The Boston Consulting Group, Towerbook Capital Partners PE and Verisk Analytics (NASDAQ: VRSK). Mr. Freiberg holds a bachelor of business administration and a master of business administration from Hofstra University. We believe that Mr. Freiberg is qualified to serve as a member of our Board of Directors because of his experience as a director of public companies and his knowledge of the financial services industry.
Ahmed Al-Hammadi has served as a director of SoFi since May 2019. Mr. Al-Hammadi serves as the Chief Investment Officer, Europe, Russia and Turkey for Qatar Investment Authority (“QIA”), the sovereign wealth fund of the State of Qatar, a position he has held since April 2020. He previously served as Head of Active Investments of QIA, from May 2015 to April 2020. Prior to joining QIA, Mr. Al-Hammadi worked at EFG-Hermes, a regional asset manager, and before that at the consulting firm Booz & Co. where he advised financial services clients on strategy, private equity investment opportunities, and organization structures. He is also a Board member of Heathrow Airport Holding Limited. Mr. Al-Hammadi holds a bachelor of science from the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School and a master of business administration from Harvard Business
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School. We believe that Mr. Al-Hammadi is qualified to serve as a member of our Board of Directors because of his experience advising companies with respect to business strategy.
Michael Bingle has served as a director of SoFi since March 2017. Mr. Bingle is Vice Chairman at Silver Lake, a global investment firm with a focus on investing in technology companies, and has been with Silver Lake since 2000. Mr. Bingle has been a private equity investor for over 20 years, and he has invested in numerous fintech companies. Prior to joining Silver Lake, Mr. Bingle was a principal at Apollo Management and worked in the Investment Banking Division of Goldman Sachs & Co. He has also served as a Board member of SolarWinds Corporation (NYSE: SWI) since February 2016, Achievers Holdings, Inc., Blackhawk Network Holdings, Inc. and Fanatics, Inc. and previously served as a Board member of TD Ameritrade Holding Corporation (NYSE: AMTD), Gartner, Inc. (NYSE: IT), Virtu Financial (NASDAQ: VIRT), Ancestry.com LLC, Credit Karma, Inc., Datek Online Holdings, Inc., Interactive Data Corporation, IPC Systems, Inc., Instinet, Inc., and Mercury Payment Systems. Mr. Bingle holds a bachelor of science in engineering from Duke University. We believe that Mr. Bingle is qualified to serve as a member of our Board of Directors because of his experience as a director of public companies, his experience advising companies with respect to business strategy, his knowledge of the financial services industry, and his experience with financial technology companies.
Michel Combes has served as a director of SoFi since May 2020. Mr. Combes is President of SoftBank Group International, an affiliate of SoftBank Corp., a Japanese telecommunications company providing mobile communications services. Prior to joining SoftBank, Mr. Combes was President and Chief Executive Officer of Sprint Corporation, an American telecommunications company (“Sprint”), Chief Executive Officer of Altice, a communications and media company, and Chief Executive Officer of SFR Group, a French mobile communications company. He has also served as a Board member of Philip Morris International Inc. (NYSE: PM) since December 2020, F5 Networks (NASDAQ: FFIV) since July 2018 and as a member of the Business Advisory Group of McLaren Technology Group since July 2018. He has previously served on the Board of Directors of Sprint. Mr. Combes holds a master’s degree from École Polytechnique, Télécom ParisTech and a Ph.D. from Paris Dauphine University. We believe that Mr. Combes is qualified to serve as a member of our Board of Directors because of his experience advising companies with respect to business strategy and his knowledge of the financial services industry.
Richard Costolo has served as the Co-Managing Partner and General Partner at 01 Advisors, a venture and advisory firm, since January 2018. Mr. Costolo was previously a Venture Partner at Index Ventures, a venture capital firm, from January 2016 to December 2016 and served as the CEO of Twitter, Inc., the online social networking and microblogging service, from October 2010 to July 2015. Mr. Costolo has been the founder and CEO of multiple startups, including FeedBurner, which was acquired by Google in 2007. Mr. Costolo holds a bachelor of science in computer science from the University of Michigan. We believe that Mr. Costolo is qualified to serve as a member of our Board of Directors because of his experience advising companies with respect to business strategy and leading a technology company.
Clara Liang has served as a director of SoFi since October 2019. Ms. Liang is Vice President and head of geos at Airbnb, Inc. (“Airbnb”) (NASDAQ: ABNB), a community of millions of hosts who offer travel experiences in 220 countries and regions around the world. Prior to joining Airbnb, Ms. Liang served as Chief Product Officer at Jive Software, a provider of communication and collaboration products, and spent 11 years at International Business Machines Corporation (“IBM”) in a number of technology and professional services roles. Ms. Liang holds a bachelor of science in Symbolic Systems from Stanford University and a master of science in technology commercialization from the University of Texas at Austin. We believe that Ms. Liang is qualified to serve as a member of our Board of Directors because of her experience leading and scaling global technology companies.
Carlos Medeiros has served as a director of SoFi since September 2020. Mr. Medeiros is a Partner at SoftBank and has been with SoftBank since 2019. Prior to joining SoftBank, Mr. Medeiros led the direct investment practice at VR Investments, a New York-based investment firm focused on long-term investment horizon, for seven years. Mr. Medeiros’ previous experience also includes investment banking at UBS. He is also a Board member of Bancar Technologies Limited, UK. Mr. Medeiros graduated from Fundação Getulio Vargas in Brazil with a focus on government and financial analysis, and he holds a master in business administration from Columbia Business School. We believe that Mr. Medeiros is qualified to serve as a member of our Board of Directors because of his experience advising companies with respect to business strategy and his knowledge of the financial services industry.
Harvey Schwartz is an investor, philanthropist and consultant and has served as an advisor to Super Set, a venture tech fund, since September 2018. Mr. Schwartz previously served as President and Co-Chief Operating Officer of Goldman Sachs from 2017 to April 2018 and also served as Chief Financial Officer of Goldman Sachs from 2016 to 2017. After joining Goldman Sachs in 1997, Mr. Schwartz served in various senior leadership roles, including Global Co-Head of the Securities Division, Head of Securities Division Sales, Head of North American Sales and Co-Head of the Americas Financing Group. He
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also served as a member of Goldman Sachs’ Management Committee and co-headed its Risk Committee, Steering Committee on Regulatory Reform and Finance Committee and established Goldman Sachs’ Investment Policy Committee, on which he also served as a member. Prior to Goldman Sachs, Mr. Schwartz spent a decade working at several other financial firms including at Citicorp from 1990 through 1997. Mr. Schwartz holds a bachelor of arts from Rutgers University and a master of business administration from Columbia University. We believe that Mr. Schwartz is qualified to serve as a member of our Board of Directors because of his extensive experience in and knowledge of the financial services industry.
Clay Wilkes has served as a director of SoFi since May 2020. Mr. Wilkes founded Galileo in 2000 and has served as its Chief Executive Officer since its founding. Mr. Wilkes launched his professional career developing communications and operating systems for Sperry, IBM, and Novell, Inc. In 1994, Mr. Wilkes also founded I-Link, which developed Voice Over IP and the first switchless voice network. As Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Wilkes took I-Link public and authored patents for VOIP. Mr. Wilkes studied at the University of Oregon and Brigham Young University. We believe Mr. Wilkes is qualified to serve as a member of our Board of Directors because of his experience operating a financial technology company and as his engineering and technology background.
Magdalena Yeşil has served as a director of SoFi since July 2018. Ms. Yeşil is a founder, entrepreneur, and venture capitalist of many technology companies. Ms. Yeşil is currently the co-founder and executive chair of Informed.IQ, an AI company that turns documents and data into decisions for the consumer finance industry. She is a former general partner at U.S. Venture Partners, a leading Silicon Valley venture capital firm, where she oversaw investments in more than 30 early-stage companies. Ms. Yeşil founded UUnet, CyberCash, Inc., and MarketPay Associates, LLC, some of the first companies dedicated to commercializing Internet access, e-commerce infrastructure, and electronic payments, which earned her the Entrepreneur of the Year title from Red Herring in 1997. She is also a founder of Broadway Angels, a group of female venture capitalists and angel investors. She is also a Board member of Smartsheet and Zuora and has previously served on the Board of Directors of salesforce.com, inc. (NYSE: CRM). Ms. Yeşil holds a bachelor of science and a master of science in electrical engineering from Stanford University. We believe that Ms. Yeşil is qualified to serve as a member of our Board of Directors because of her extensive experience leading and advising technology companies.
Board Composition
The board of directors will establish the authorized number of directors from time to time by resolution. The size of the board of directors will initially be set at thirteen members. Pursuant to the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation and the Shareholders’ Agreement, the board of directors will consist of the following directors. The board of directors will initially consist of the 12 individuals named below and one vacant director position to be designated by Red Crow in accordance with the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation and the Shareholders’ Agreement, which we expect to be filled post-Closing, as further described below:
One of whom will be Anthony Noto, the Chief Executive Officer of SoFi Technologies, who will thereafter be designated, nominated and elected as contemplated by the Proposed Organizational Documents;
Three of whom will be designated by certain existing investors for so long as the relevant existing investor holds in the aggregate an amount of shares of SoFi Technologies equal to (i) at least 50% of its percentage ownership of SoFi Technologies immediately following Closing minus any of such existing investor’s shares of SoFi Technologies repurchased by SoFi Technologies pursuant to the Shareholders’ Agreement, or (ii) at least 5% of the then issued and outstanding shares of SoFi Technologies, including:
a.one of whom will be designated by Red Crow and who will initially be Clay Wilkes,
b.one of whom will be designated by QIA and who will initially be Ahmed Al-Hammadi, and
c.one of whom will be designated by Silver Lake Partners and who will initially be Michael Bingle;
and who will thereafter be designated, nominated and elected as contemplated by the Proposed Organizational Documents;
(A) Two of whom will be designated by SoftBank Group Capital Limited for so long as SoftBank holds in the aggregate an amount of shares of SoFi Technologies equal to at least 50% of its percentage ownership of SoFi Technologies immediately following Closing minus any of SoftBank’s shares of SoFi Technologies repurchased by SoFi Technologies pursuant to the Shareholders’ Agreement or the Share Repurchase Agreement, or (B) in the event
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the threshold in sub-clause (A) is not met, one of whom will be designated by SoftBank for so long as SoftBank holds in the aggregate an amount of shares of SoFi Technologies (i) greater than or equal to 25% but less than 50% of its percentage ownership of SoFi Technologies immediately following Closing minus any of SoftBank’s shares of SoFi Technologies repurchased by SoFi pursuant to the Shareholders’ Agreement or the Share Repurchase Agreement, or (ii) at least 5% of the then issued and outstanding shares of SoFi Technologies, who will initially be Michel Combes and Carlos Medeiros, and who will thereafter be designated, nominated and elected as contemplated by the Proposed Organizational Documents.
(i) Two of whom will be designated by SCH for so long as SCH holds in the aggregate an amount of shares of SoFi Technologies equal to at least 50% of its percentage ownership of SoFi Technologies immediately following Closing and mutually agreed upon between SCH and SoFi and who will initially be Richard Costolo and Harvey Schwartz, or (ii) in the event the threshold set forth in sub-clause (a)(i) is not met, one of whom will be designated by SCH for so long as SCH holds in the aggregate an amount of shares of SoFi Technologies equal to (x) at least 25% of its percentage ownership of SoFi Technologies immediately following Closing or (y) at least 5% of the then issued and outstanding shares of SoFi Technologies;
One of whom will be an independent director designated by Red Crow for so long as Red Crow holds in the aggregate an amount of shares of SoFi Technologies equal to at least 50% of its percentage ownership of SoFi Technologies immediately following Closing, who we expect to be designated post-Closing;
One of whom will be an independent director designated by SoftBank for so long as SoftBank holds in the aggregate an amount of shares of SoFi Technologies equal to at least 50% of its percentage ownership of SoFi Technologies immediately following Closing minus any of such existing investor’s shares of SoFi Technologies repurchased by SoFi Technologies pursuant to the Shareholders’ Agreement or the Share Repurchase Agreement and who will initially be Tom Hutton; and
Three of whom will be members of SoFi’s current Board of Directors and who will initially be Steven Freiberg, Clara Liang and Magdalena Yeşil, in each case, who will thereafter be designated, nominated and elected as contemplated by the Proposed Organizational Documents.
Each director will continue to serve as a director until the election and qualification of their successor, or until their earlier death, resignation, or removal.
When considering whether directors and director nominees have the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills, taken as a whole, to enable the board of directors to satisfy its oversight responsibilities effectively in light of its business and structure, the board of directors expects to focus primarily on each person’s background and experience as reflected in the information discussed in each of the directors’ individual biographies set forth above in order to provide an appropriate mix of experience and skills relevant to the size and nature of its business.
Corporate Governance
Director Independence
As a result of SoFi Technologies common stock being listed on Nasdaq following consummation of the Business Combination, it will be required to comply with the applicable rules of such exchange in determining whether a director is independent. Prior to the completion of the Business Combination, the parties undertook a review of the independence of the individuals named above and have determined that each of Tom Hutton, Ahmed Al-Hammadi, Mike Bingle, Michel Combes, Richard Costolo, Carlos Medeiros, Clara Liang and Magdalena Yeşil qualifies as “independent” as defined under applicable SEC rules and Nasdaq listing standards.
Committees of the Board of Directors
The board of directors will direct the management of its business and affairs, as provided by Delaware law, and will conduct its business through meetings of the board of directors and standing committees. SoFi Technologies will have a standing audit committee, compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee, each of which will operate under a written charter.
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Pursuant to the Shareholders’ Agreement, for so long as the each of the SoftBank Investors, Red Crow Investors and Silver Lake Investors is entitled to nominate a director nominee to serve on the Board, each of the SoftBank Investors, Red Crow Investors and Silver Lake Investors is entitled to designate a member to standing committee of the Board of its choice (and in the case of SoftBank, for so long as it may designate two nominees to the Board it may designate one member to two such standing committees), subject in each case to applicable law and the qualification of the applicable designees as independent under Nasdaq rules. The Shareholders’ Agreement also provides that for so long as a nominee designated by the SoftBank investors is serving on the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee or Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, such committee will have no fewer than four members.
In addition, from time to time, special committees may be established under the direction of the board of directors when the board deems it necessary or advisable to address specific issues. Following the Business Combination, current copies of committee charters will be posted on SoFi Technologies’ website, www.sofi.com/investors, as required under applicable SEC rules and Nasdaq rules. The information on or available through such website is not deemed incorporated in this proxy statement/prospectus and does not form part of this proxy statement/prospectus.
Audit and Risk Committee
Upon Closing, the audit and risk committee is expected to consist of Magdalena Yeşil, Clara Liang and Tom Hutton, with Tom Hutton serving as the chair of the committee. The parties have determined that Magdalena Yeşil, Clara Liang and Tom Hutton meet the independence requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and applicable Nasdaq listing rules. We have determined that each member of our audit and risk committee will meet the requirements for financial literacy under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and Nasdaq listing rules. In arriving at this determination, the parties have examined each audit committee member’s scope of experience and the nature of their prior and/or current employment.
The parties have determined that Tom Hutton qualifies as an audit committee financial expert within the meaning of SEC regulations and meets the financial sophistication requirements of the Nasdaq listing rules. In making this determination, the parties considered Tom Hutton’s formal education and previous and current experience in financial and accounting roles. The independent registered public accounting firm and management periodically will meet privately with the audit and risk committee.
The audit and risk committee’s responsibilities will include, among other things:
appointing, compensating, retaining, evaluating, terminating and overseeing the independent registered public accounting firm;
discussing with the independent registered public accounting firm their independence from management;
reviewing with the independent registered public accounting firm the scope and results of their audit;
pre-approving all audit and permissible non-audit services to be performed by the independent registered public accounting firm;
overseeing the financial reporting process and discussing with management and the independent registered public accounting firm the interim and annual financial statements that SoFi Technologies files with the SEC;
reviewing and monitoring accounting principles, accounting policies, financial and accounting controls and compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; and
establishing procedures for the confidential anonymous submission of concerns regarding questionable accounting, internal controls or auditing matters.
Compensation Committee
Upon Closing, the compensation committee is expected to consist of Clara Liang, Steven Freiberg and Mike Bingle, with Mike Bingle serving as the chair of the committee. The parties have determined that each of these individuals is a non-employee director, as defined in Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act. The parties have determined that Clara
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Liang and Mike Bingle are “independent” as defined under applicable Nasdaq listing standards, including the standards specific to members of a compensation committee. The compensation committee’s responsibilities include, among other things:
reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of the Chief Executive Officer, evaluating the performance of the Chief Executive Officer in light of these goals and objectives and setting or making recommendations to the Board regarding the compensation of the Chief Executive Officer;
reviewing and setting, or making recommendations to the board of directors regarding, the compensation of other executive officers;
making recommendations to the board of directors regarding the compensation of directors;
reviewing and approving, or making recommendations to the board of directors regarding, incentive compensation and equity-based plans and arrangements; and
appointing and overseeing any compensation consultants.
We believe that the composition and functioning of the compensation committee meets the requirements for independence under applicable Nasdaq listing standards.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
Upon Closing, the nominating and corporate governance committee is expected to consist of Tom Hutton and Magdalena Yesil. The parties have determined that each of these individuals is “independent” as defined under applicable SEC rules and Nasdaq listing standards.
The nominating and corporate governance committee’s responsibilities include, among other things:
identifying individuals qualified to become members of the board of directors, consistent with criteria approved by the board of directors;
recommending to the board of directors the nominees for election to the board of directors at annual meetings of stockholders;
overseeing an evaluation of the board of directors and its committees; and
developing and recommending to the board of directors a set of corporate governance guidelines.
We believe that the composition and functioning of the nominating and corporate governance committee meets the requirements for independence under current Nasdaq listing standards.
The board of directors may from time to time establish other committees.
Code of Ethics
SoFi Technologies will have a code of ethics that applies to all of its executive officers, directors and employees, including its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller or persons performing similar functions. The code of ethics will be available on the website of SoFi Technologies, http://sofi.com/investors. SoFi Technologies intends to make any legally required disclosures regarding amendments to, or waivers of, provisions of its code of ethics on its website rather than by filing a Current Report on Form 8-K.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
No executive officer currently serves, or has served during the last year, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity, other than SoFi, that has one or more executive officers serving as a member of the board of directors.
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SOFI’S COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
This section discusses the material components of the executive compensation program that are paid, awarded to, or earned by the executive officers of SoFi who would have been named executive officers for 2020 and who may continue to serve as executive officers of the Combined Company following the consummation of the Business Combination. Such executive officers of SoFi consist of the following persons, referred to herein as our named executive officers (the “NEOs”):
Anthony Noto, Chief Executive Officer;
Christopher Lapointe, Chief Financial Officer;
Maria Renz, EVP & Group Business Unit Leader — Money, Invest & Credit Card;
Michelle Gill, EVP & Group Business Unit Leader — Lending & Capital Markets; and
Jennifer Nuckles, EVP & Group Business Unit Leader — Relay, Protect, Lantern, Content, At Work & Partnerships
Each of the NEOs is expected to serve “SoFi Technologies” in the same or similar capacity after the closing of the Business Combination.
This discussion may contain forward-looking statements that are based on our current plans, considerations, expectations and determinations regarding future compensation programs. Actual compensation programs that “SoFi Technologies” adopts following the closing of the Business Combination could vary significantly from our historical practices and currently planned programs summarized in this discussion.
Historical Compensation Decisions
Compensation Philosophy and Objectives
Our compensation program is designed to attract, retain and motivate talented, deeply qualified and committed individuals who believe in SoFi’s mission, while rewarding employees for long-term value creation. In furtherance of this objective, our compensation programs focus on paying for performance where executive compensation is aligned to SoFi’s performance, in addition to individual contribution and impact. In addition, our equity program aligns executive compensation to the long-term interests of our shareholders by aligning executive compensation to the performance of SoFi.
Our executive compensation philosophy seeks to promote a long-term commitment to the Company by our executives. We believe that there is great value to the Company in having a team of long-tenured, seasoned managers. Our team-focused culture and management processes are designed to foster this commitment. In addition, we rely on 100% service-based vesting to reinforce this long-term orientation.
While we are still evolving our programs and practices, we strive for a fair, competitive, transparent and equitable approach in recognizing and rewarding our executives. We take a principled approach in providing fair, relevant and competitive compensation and benefits to a dynamic workforce with diverse needs. For our executives, we aim to balance short-term versus long-term compensation and fixed amounts of cash with variable incentive compensation. In furtherance of this goal, we provide the following forms of compensation to our executives:
Base Pay:   We provide a competitive fixed amount of cash compensation based on the executive’s role, prior experience and expected contributions to SoFi.
Cash Incentive Compensation:   We additionally provide cash-based incentives that are tied to specific company metrics and are aligned to our annual company priorities, with the payout opportunity based on company and individual performance.
Long-Term Equity Compensation:   The most significant portion of compensation for our executives is provided in the form of stock options and restricted stock units. This long-term incentive aligns executive compensation to our shareholders’ interests while helping attract and retain talented leaders by paying for performance.
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Change of Control and Severance Benefits:   We believe it is important to offer severance and change of control benefits to certain key executives that are in line with our view of market practice such that we may maintain a competitive advantage in hiring and retaining top talent.
Employee Benefit and Wellness Programs:   We offer our executives the same health and wellness programs as all other employees. In addition, executives are eligible to enroll in the same program as all other employees. We think this benefit and retirement package assists us in retaining top executive talent.
When designing our compensation program, we considered the competitive market for corresponding positions within comparable geographic areas and companies of similar size and stage of development operating in our industry. This informal consideration was based on the general knowledge of our Chief Executive Officer regarding the compensation given to some of the executive officers of other companies in our industry through informal discussions with recruiting firms, research and informal benchmarking against their personal knowledge of the competitive market. Our Chief Executive Officer, in consultation with the compensation committee, approved compensation decisions for each executive officer on an individual basis after a thorough discussion of various factors, including any informal knowledge or data in his possession.
As we gain experience as a public company, we expect that the specific direction, emphasis and components of our executive compensation program will continue to evolve. Over time, we intend to transition to a more empirically-based approach that involves benchmarking against peer companies. Accordingly, the compensation paid to our NEOs for fiscal year 2020 is not necessarily indicative of how we will compensate our NEOs after the Business Combination.
Compensation Committee Procedures
The compensation committee and the Board meet outside the presence of all of our executive officers (other than Clay Wilkes, chief executive officer of Galileo, as he is also a Board member and reports directly to the Chief Executive Officer), including our NEOs, to consider appropriate compensation for our Chief Executive Officer. Following the Business Combination, the compensation committee intends to adopt a policy that would, among other things, prohibit members of such committee from voting on compensation matters of individuals to whom such members report. This policy is intended to align with the Company’s policy of ensuring objective and fair decisions on matters of compensation.
The compensation committee meets outside the presence of all NEOs except our Chief Executive Officer to consider appropriate compensation for all other NEOs. Our Chief Executive Officer reviews annually each NEO’s performance and approves appropriate base salary, cash performance awards and grants of long-term equity incentive awards for all other NEOs. The compensation committee is required to approve new grants of long-term equity incentive awards exceeding 200,000 shares in any twelve-month period for a single NEO. The compensation committee also annually analyzes our Chief Executive Officer’s performance and determines his base salary, cash performance awards and grants of long-term equity incentive awards based on its assessment of his performance, such assessment is performed with input from compensation consultants as engaged by the compensation committee. The compensation committee’s determinations with respect to our Chief Executive Officer’s performance are subject to approval from the Board. In order to ensure that we continue to remunerate our executives appropriately, the compensation committee has retained Compensia, Inc. (“Compensia”) as its independent compensation consultant to review its policies and procedures with respect to executive compensation. Compensia assists the Chief Executive Officer, our People Team and the compensation committee by providing comparative market data on compensation practices and programs based on an analysis of peer competitors and by providing guidance on industry best practices; however, the Company has not yet undergone a formal peer group study to compare our current compensation practices. The compensation committee retains the right to modify or terminate its relationship with Compensia or select other outside advisors to assist the compensation committee in carrying out its responsibilities. No other services have yet been provided by Compensia to the Company.
Annual Say-on-Pay Vote on Executive Compensation
The Board has not yet been required to solicit a non-binding stockholder advisory vote on the compensation of our NEOs (the “Say-on-Pay Vote”). However, SoFi Technologies will solicit a Say-on-Pay Vote in accordance with applicable law at the first Annual Meeting of the Combined Company. Our Board will consider the outcome of the Say-on-Pay Vote when making compensation decisions for our NEOs in the future.
The Company has determined that any risks arising from its compensation programs and policies are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company. The Company’s compensation programs and policies mitigate risk by combining performance-based, long-term compensation elements with payouts that are highly correlated to the value delivered
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to stockholders. The combination of performance measures for annual bonuses and the equity compensation programs, as well as the multiyear vesting schedules for equity awards, encourage executives to maintain both a short and a long-term view with respect to Company performance.
Elements of Compensation
Our current executive compensation program, which was set by our compensation committee, consists of the following:
Base Pay
The principle form of compensation of our executive officers is in the form of equity grants, principally stock options and restricted stock units. Nevertheless, base salary forms a critical component of compensation of our executive officers. The base pay for each NEO is intended to provide a fixed amount of cash compensation that is based on the executive’s individual role, experience and expected contributions. Base salary is also designed to provide our executive officers with steady cash flow during the course of the fiscal year that is not contingent on short-term variations in our corporate performance. Our Chief Executive Officer and compensation committee determine market-level compensation for base salaries based on benchmark data provided by external market data firm Radford in addition to our executives’ experience in the industry with reference to the base salaries of similarly-situated executives in other companies of similar size and stage of development operating in our industry.
With these principles in mind, base salaries are reviewed during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year by our Chief Executive Officer, in collaboration with our People Team and compensation committee. In past years, our Chief Executive Officer, and the Board with respect to the Chief Executive Officer, approved certain changes to base salary. The Chief Executive Officer reviewed the performance of the other NEOs using relevant Radford market data made available to him during the past year to set the executive compensation package for each executive officer for the coming year based on such data and in light of our compensation objectives.
The base salaries paid to our NEOs in fiscal year 2020 are set forth in the “Executive Compensation — 2020 Summary Compensation Table” below.
Cash Incentive Compensation
We offer annual cash incentives to our executives, which are tied to specific Company metrics that are aligned to our annual Company priorities. The payout opportunity for each executive officer is based on both Company and individual performance as determined by the Chief Executive Officer, except in the case of the Chief Executive Officer, in which case our compensation committee makes a recommendation to the Board for such determination. Our Chief Executive Officer, in his discretion, approves awards of cash bonuses to our executive officers, other than himself. In the case of cash awards to our Chief Executive Officer, the Board has the authority and discretion to award an annual cash bonus.
At the commencement of an executive officer’s employment with us, a target level of bonus compensation is determined that is structured as a percentage of such executive officer’s annual base salary. This target level of bonus can be adjusted based on a change in scope or as part of a compensation target adjustment. Depending upon company and individual performance, an executive officer may ultimately receive more or less than his or her target bonus amount.
Key company performance objectives, or “Company Priorities”, set by the company on an annual basis are weighted to determine company-wide bonus funding, including the funding for the annual incentives for our executive officers. In determining the appropriate weight to apply with respect to each Company Priority, our Chief Executive Officer and compensation committee consider the performance metrics that he or they believe are most impactful to our overall corporate performance. These “Company Priorities” are weighted by our Chief Executive Officer to guide the funding of the bonus pool from which we pay our bonuses to our executive officers. For purposes of funding the bonus pool, we determine the actual performance for each Company Priority to be at least 50% and we determine each Company Priority’s target as fully satisfied to the extent 80% of such Company Priority’s Target Performance is deemed actually achieved. When actual performance is less than 80% of the Target Performance or in excess of 100% of the Target Performance, the Chief Executive Officer and our
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compensation committee, in their discretion, determine the amount by which the performance condition for such Company Priority is satisfied and, ultimately, the amount of our bonus pool that is funded.
The table below sets forth for 2020 for each Company Priority: the weight distribution and target performance objectives set by us, the actual performance achieved, and the payout determination made by the Chief Executive Officer and compensation committee in their discretion.
Company Priority
Weighting
Target Performance
Actual Performance
Achievement
Payout
Weighted Payout
Adjusted Net Revenue ($ in millions)
30 %$593 $621 105 %118 %35 %
Adjusted EBITDA ($ in millions)
30 %$(90)$(45)150 %150 %45 %
Change in NPS(1)
13.33 %35 (4)(11)%50 %%
Net New Total Members
13.33 %750,000 874,412 117 %122 %16 %
Net New Total Multi-Product Members
13.33 %175,000 313,983 179 %163 %22 %
Total
100.00 %125 %
_____________________
(1)“NPS” is defined as “Net Promoter Score” and is a metric commonly used to measure the loyalty or satisfaction of customers to a company or a particular product. NPS scores are measured with a single question survey and are reported with a number ranging from -100 to +100, with a higher score being desirable. Our NPS question is aimed at discerning our general brand perception and whether or not the survey participants, who are self-stated SoFi members, would recommend us to a friend or colleague. Our NPS is used by us as an indicator of the satisfaction of our members relative to the satisfaction of our competitors' customers with our competitors.
Our Chief Executive Officer has the discretion to determine each of our executive officers’ bonus payment amount, other than for himself, which determination is made by the Board in its discretion, based upon his subjective evaluation of the impact of his or her performance on the overall Company Priorities. In addition, our Chief Executive Officer may adjust bonuses upwards or downwards due to extraordinary or nonrecurring events, such as significant financings, equity offerings or acquisitions, or for any other reason in his discretion. Because of this, our Chief Executive Officer retains discretion over the ultimate annual bonus payments to each executive officer, other than himself, in which case our Board retains such discretion. We believe that establishing cash bonus opportunities helps us attract and retain qualified and highly skilled executives. These annual bonuses are intended to reward executive officers who have a positive impact on corporate results.
During 2020, our Chief Executive Officer established the target percentage amounts for the cash bonuses for each of our NEOs other than himself. For all of fiscal year 2020, Mr. Noto and Ms. Gill were eligible to receive an annual cash bonus target of 100% of their respective base salaries. Mr. Lapointe was eligible to receive an annual cash bonus target of 80% of his base salary from the beginning of 2020 through his appointment as Chief Financial Officer on September 14, 2020, after which he was eligible to receive an annual cash bonus target of 100% of his adjusted base salary as Chief Financial Officer. Additionally, Mr. Lapointe received a discretionary bonus of $25,000 per month while in his role as interim Chief Financial Officer, which resulted in six monthly payments between April 1, 2020 and September 14, 2020. Ms. Renz, who began employment on March 11, 2020, was eligible to receive quarterly cash bonuses of a minimum of 100% of her base salary for her first year. Beginning in fiscal year 2021, Ms. Renz will be eligible to receive an annual cash bonus target of 100% of her base salary. Ms. Nuckles was eligible to receive an annual cash bonus target of 80% of her fiscal year 2020 base salary from the beginning of the year through her appointment to Executive Vice President on March 11, 2020, after which she was eligible to receive an annual cash bonus target of 100% of her adjusted base salary as Executive Vice President. The bonuses received by each NEO are reflective of the Company-wide bonus multiple, which reflects the funded status of our bonus pool, as applied to their respective eligible bonus targets.
For additional information, including the amounts paid for each named executive officer, please see the 2020 Summary Compensation Table below under “— Executive Compensation.”
Long-Term Equity-Based Compensation
The most significant portion of compensation for executives is delivered in the form of stock options and restricted stock units, or RSUs. This long-term equity incentive aligns our executives’ compensation to our shareholders’ interests while helping attract and retain talented leaders and furthers our compensation objective of paying for performance.
Generally, each executive officer is provided with an equity grant in the form of RSUs when they join our Company based upon his or her position with us and his or her relevant prior experience. These inducement grants generally vest over the course of four years with 25% of the shares vesting on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and the remainder of
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the shares vesting quarterly in equal installments over the next 12 quarters. While the vesting schedule noted is typical, RSUs have been issued to executives with alternative schedules. These alternative schedules include, but are not limited to, vesting at a rate of 20% after one year from vesting commencement date then monthly over an additional four years, and vesting at a rate of 25% after one year from the vesting commencement date then monthly over an additional three years. Prior to 2019, we also awarded non-qualified stock options to certain executive officers, which vest either at a rate of 20% after one year from the vesting commencement date then monthly over an additional four years, or 25% after one year from the vesting commencement date then monthly over an additional three years. Our decision to transition from granting stock options to RSUs was made at the determination of the Chief Executive Officer. In making such determination, the Chief Executive Officer relied on professional insight and personal knowledge of competing companies, ultimately determining that granting stock options was no longer appropriate at the time because of our stage of development. In certain circumstances, the stock options may have been issued at exercise prices above the fair value of our common stock at the time of grant. In all events, these equity incentive awards encourage executive longevity and compensate our executive officers for their contribution to our success over a period of time. In addition to RSUs or non-qualified stock options granted upon commencement of employment with us, our compensation committee may grant additional equity awards to retain our executives and to recognize the achievement of Company Priorities and individual goals and/or strong individual performance.
On May 14, 2020, certain employees, including executive officers, were given the option to exchange certain unvested options to purchase SoFi common stock for unvested RSUs. The purpose of this tender was to offer longer-tenured employees who received options as part of their compensation package an opportunity to receive RSUs. As a result of this tender, Ms. Gill participated in the offer and was granted 418,295 RSUs.
See the “Executive Compensation — 2020 Grants of Plan-Based Awards” table as well as “Executive Compensation — Executive Offer Letters/Agreements” for additional information.
Other Executive Benefits and Perquisites
We provide the following benefits to our executive officers on the same basis as other eligible employees:
health insurance;
vacation, personal holidays and sick days;
life insurance and supplemental life insurance;
short-term and long-term disability; and
a 401(k) plan.
We believe these benefits are generally consistent with those offered by other companies and specifically those companies with which we compete for employees.
Pay Mix
We utilize the particular elements of compensation described above because we believe that collectively these elements provide a well-proportioned mix of secure compensation, retention value and at-risk compensation that produces short-term and long-term performance incentives and rewards. By following this approach, we provide the executive a measure of security in the minimum expected level of compensation, while motivating the executive to focus on business metrics that will produce a high level of short-term and long-term performance for the Company and long-term wealth creation for the executive, as well as reducing the risk of recruitment of top executive talent by competitors. The mix of metrics used for our annual performance bonus and long-term incentive program likewise provides an appropriate balance between short-term financial performance and long-term financial and stock performance.
For certain executives, the mix of compensation is weighted toward at-risk pay (annual incentives and long-term equity incentives). Our cash consideration pay mix is generally equally weighted for performance versus base pay. Our equity program aligns executive compensation to the long-term interests of our stockholders while encouraging them to think and act like owners. Maintaining this pay mix results fundamentally in a pay-for-performance orientation for our executives, which is aligned with our stated compensation philosophy of providing compensation commensurate with performance.
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2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan
Effective upon the completion of the Business Combination, we intend to implement the 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan for SoFi Technologies, Inc., or “2021 Plan”. Our 2021 Plan will allow for the grant of equity incentives, such as grants of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights. For more information relating to our 2021 Plan, see “Incentive Plan Proposal” discussed above.
Employment Agreements and Severance and Change of Control Benefits
We believe that a strong, experienced management team is in the best interests, and is essential to the success, of the company and our stockholders. The agreements that we entered into with the NEOs at the time of their engagement were designed to minimize employment security concerns arising in the course of negotiating and completing a significant transaction such as the Business Combination. These benefits, which are generally payable only if the executive is terminated by the company without cause or the executive resigns for good reason, both in connection with a change in control and without, are enumerated and quantified in “Executive Compensation — Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control”.
Section 409A Considerations
Section 409A of the Code, affects the manner by which deferred compensation opportunities are offered to our employees because Section 409A requires, among other things, that “non-qualified deferred compensation” be structured in a manner that limits employees’ abilities to accelerate or further defer certain kinds of deferred compensation. We intend to operate our existing compensation arrangements that are covered by Section 409A in accordance with the applicable rules thereunder, and we will continue to review and amend our compensation arrangements where necessary to comply with Section 409A.
Tax Considerations
For income tax purposes, publicly-traded companies may be prohibited from deducting employee enumeration in excess of $1 million to certain “covered employees”, which may include certain named executives, including, but not limited to, the chief executive officer and chief financial officer, under Section 162(m) of the Code. Even if Section 162(m) may limit the compensation deduction, the Board and the Company believe our compensation practices should be designed to help the Company meet established goals and objectives. While we will consider the impact of Section 162(m), we intend to continue to compensate our named executives in a manner that is in the best interest of our stockholders and reserve the right to make compensation decisions that may not be deductible under Section 162(m) where the Company determines the compensation to be appropriate.
The Compensation Committee
Our compensation committee is comprised of the following members of our Board:
Michael Bingle, Chair
Steven Freiberg
Clara Liang
Carlos Medeiros
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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
All share counts in this section are shown on a pre-Business Combination basis.
2020 Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to compensation for the year ended December 31, 2020 earned by, awarded to or paid to our NEOs who will continue to provide services to SoFi Technologies.
Name and Principal PositionYear
Salary
($)(1)
Bonus
($)(2)
Stock
Awards
($)(3)
Non-Equity
Incentive
Plan
Compensation
($)(4)
Total
($)
Anthony Noto2020215,342 — 52,118,397 1,200,000 53,533,739 
Chief Executive Officer
Christopher Lapointe
2020379,781 150,000 9,376,800 675,000 10,581,581 
Chief Financial Officer
Maria Renz2020363,699 450,000 14,528,160 34,375 15,376,234 
EVP & Group Business Leader – Money, Invest & Credit Card
Michelle Gill2020500,000 — 12,937,052 675,000 14,112,052 
EVP & Group Business Leader – Lending & Capital Markets
Jennifer Nuckles2020390,437 — 3,229,120 485,000 4,104,557 
EVP & Group Business Leader – Relay, Protect, Lantern, Content, At Work & Partnerships
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(1)In May 2020, Mr. Noto voluntarily forfeited his salary for the remainder of the fiscal year in response to the global COVID-19 pandemic and macroeconomic uncertainty. In September 2020, Mr. Lapointe was appointed as Chief Financial Officer, his annual salary increased to $450,000. In March 2020, Ms. Nuckles was promoted to Executive Vice President & Group Business Leader — Relay, Protect, Lantern, Content, At Work & Partnerships, for which her annual salary increased to $400,000.
(2)Includes the amount of discretionary bonuses paid in 2020. Mr. Lapointe served as interim Chief Financial Officer from April 1, 2020 through September 13, 2020, for which he received a discretionary bonus of $25,000 per month. Ms. Renz, who began employment on March 11, 2020, participated in the company’s quarterly bonus plan for the first fiscal year of service and was eligible to receive quarterly cash bonuses of a minimum of 100% of her base salary for her first year of employment, which is not prorated for the portion of the year she was employed.
(3)Represents the aggregate grant date fair value of RSUs granted to the NEOs for fiscal year 2020, as calculated in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation, and disregarding any estimate of forfeitures related to service-based vesting conditions. For Ms. Gill, a portion of the stock awards granted during 2020 were associated with a tender offer for certain employees to exchange stock options for RSUs. The canceled stock options were granted to Ms. Gill in prior years. There was no incremental fair value obtained by Ms. Gill based on the modification. See “— Equity Compensation — 2011 Stock Plan” for additional information on the modification.
(4)Includes annual cash incentive bonuses earned by the NEOs for fiscal year 2020 and paid in March 2021. Annual cash bonuses are awarded based on achievement of Company Priorities and individual performance goals in 2020. The 2020 annual cash incentive bonus determinations are described in more detail below under “— Annual Cash Bonuses”. The amount that Ms. Renz is receiving above 100% of her base salary is reflected as non-equity incentive plan compensation.
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2020 Grants of Plan-Based Awards
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to grants of 2011 Stock Plan-based awards for the year ended December 31, 2020 with respect to our NEOs.
Estimated Future Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards
Non-Incentive Stock Awards: Number of Shares of Stock
Grant Date
Fair Value
of Stock
Awards
($)(4)
Name and Principal PositionType of Award
Grant Date(1)
Target
($)(2)
Maximum
($)(3)
Anthony Noto
Time-Vesting RSU
3/11/2020
— — 1,088,514 12,202,242 
Chief Executive Officer
Time-Vesting RSU
12/16/2020
(5)
— — 2,165,825 39,916,155 
Annual Bonus— 600,000 1,200,000 — — 
Christopher Lapointe
Time-Vesting RSU
2/3/2020
— — 80,000 896,800 
Chief Financial Officer
Time-Vesting RSU
11/2/2020
(5)
— — 500,000 8,480,000 
Annual Bonus— 330,628 — — — 
Maria Renz
Time-Vesting RSU
3/11/2020
— — 1,296,000 14,528,160 
EVP & Group Business Leader – Money, Invest & Credit Card
Quarterly Bonus— 450,000 — — — 
Michelle Gill
Time-Vesting RSU
4/1/2020
(6)
— — 418,295 5,065,552 
EVP & Group Business Leader – Lending & Capital Markets
Time-Vesting RSU
6/23/2020
— — 450,000 5,449,500 
Time-Vesting RSU
6/23/2020
— — 200,000 2,422,000 
Annual Bonus— 500,000 — — — 
Jennifer Nuckles
Time-Vesting RSU
2/3/2020
— — 72,000 807,120 
EVP & Group Business Leader – Relay, Protect, Lantern, Content, At Work & Partnerships
Time-Vesting RSU
4/17/2020
(7)
— — 200,000 2,422,000 
Annual Bonus— 377,049 — — — 
_____________________
(1)For additional information on the awards granted during fiscal year 2020, including vesting commencement date and vesting conditions, see “— Outstanding Equity Awards at 2020 Fiscal Year-End”.
(2)Estimated future payouts under non-equity incentive plan awards reflect the NEO’s target for their full year of service in fiscal year 2020 determined on the NEO’s base salary and bonus target in effect throughout the fiscal year. The base salary and bonus target for Mr. Lapointe and Ms. Nuckles changed during fiscal year 2020. Mr. Lapointe’s target is prorated with a base salary of $350,000 and annual target bonus of 80% from January 1, 2020 through September 13, 2020 and with a base salary of $450,000 and annual target bonus of 100% from September 14, 2020 through December 31, 2020. Ms. Nuckles’ target is prorated with a base salary of $350,000 and annual target bonus of 80% from January 1, 2020 through March 10, 2020 and with a base salary of $400,000 and annual target of 100% from March 11, 2020 through December 31, 2020.
(3)Generally, our non-equity incentive plan awards do not establish a threshold or maximum. Mr. Noto is subject to a maximum payout under non-equity incentive plan awards of 200% of base pay.
(4)Represents the grant date fair value of RSUs granted to the NEOs, as calculated in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation, the assumptions of which are set forth in Note 12 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for awards granted prior to September 30, 2020 and which are set forth separately herein for awards granted during the fourth quarter of 2020.
(5)On November 2, 2020, Mr. Lapointe was granted 500,000 RSUs in conjunction with his appointment to Chief Financial Officer, which had a vesting commencement date beginning with his appointment on September 14, 2020. The Board approved a grant of 2,165,825 RSUs in December 2020 to Mr. Noto. During the fourth quarter of 2020, we valued our common stock on a monthly basis. A common stock transaction that closed in December 2020, which was in close proximity to the Business Combination, served as the key input for the fair value of our common stock for RSU grants made during the fourth quarter of 2020. Additionally, we decreased the assumed discount for lack of marketability throughout the fourth quarter of 2020, corresponding with our decreased time to liquidity assumption throughout the quarter, as we became more certain about the possibility of entering into the Business Combination over time. The grant date fair value of our common stock at the grant date of Mr. Lapointe’s award was $16.96 and the grant date fair value of our common stock at the grant date of Mr. Noto’s award was $18.43.
(6)In April 2020, the RSUs granted to Ms. Gill were associated with a tender offer for certain employees to exchange stock options for RSUs. The canceled stock options were granted to Ms. Gill in prior years. There was no incremental fair value obtained by Ms. Gill based on the modification. See “— Equity Compensation — 2011 Stock Plan” for additional information on the modification.
(7)Ms. Nuckles was granted 200,000 RSUs upon her promotion to Executive Vice President.
Executive Offer Letters/Agreements
Anthony Noto
On January 23, 2018, SoFi and Anthony Noto entered into an employment agreement, which was subsequently amended effective February 26, 2018 (the “Noto Agreement”), to serve as SoFi’s Chief Executive Officer, providing for an initial base
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salary of $600,000 and an annual target bonus opportunity equal to 100% of Mr. Noto’s base salary with a maximum bonus opportunity of 200% of base salary, subject to the achievement of individual and company performance metrics. For Mr. Noto’s first year of service, the incentive bonus was guaranteed to be no less than 100% of achievement levels. In connection with the execution of the Noto Agreement, SoFi granted Mr. Noto the following: (i) an option to purchase 3,000,000 shares of SoFi common stock with an exercise price of $10.78, which option is immediately exercisable and vests 20% on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and 1/60th monthly thereafter; (ii) an option to purchase 3,700,000 shares of SoFi common stock with an exercise price of $17.18, which option is immediately exercisable and vests 20% on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and 1/60th monthly thereafter; and (iii) RSUs to vest 3,500,000 shares of SoFi common stock, which vest 20% on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and 1/60th monthly thereafter. In addition, as a condition to entering into the Noto Agreement, Mr. Noto is subject to SoFi’s standard confidential information and invention assignment agreement.
On March 11, 2020, the Board approved for Mr. Noto an RSU grant to vest 1,088,514 shares of SoFi common stock, subject to quarterly time-based vesting that vest 1/20th on each quarterly anniversary following the vesting commencement date.
On December 16, 2020, the Board approved for Mr. Noto an RSU grant to vest 2,165,825 shares of SoFi common stock that vest beginning on March 14, 2023 and are subject to quarterly time-based vesting thereafter according to the following schedule: 975,835 RSUs vest quarterly in four tranches in fiscal 2023 and the remaining RSUs vest quarterly in four tranches in fiscal 2024.
In the event of a financing or offering (including certain public offerings, but not including the Business Combination) of the company’s equity, Mr. Noto has the right to purchase, on the same terms as apply to other purchasers, up to that number of shares or securities such that, assuming maximum participation in each transaction, Mr. Noto’s percentage ownership of the Company’s fully diluted capitalization would be no less after the final closing of such transaction than it was immediately prior to such transaction.
The Noto Agreement provides for payments due upon the occurrence of a Qualifying Termination and/or Change of Control. See “— Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control” below for details.
Christopher Lapointe
On May 12, 2018, SoFi and Christopher Lapointe entered into an offer letter, which was subsequently amended on May 29, 2018 (the “Lapointe Offer Letter”), to serve as SoFi’s Vice President, Head of Business Operations, providing for an initial base salary of $300,000 and a quarterly target bonus opportunity of 70% of his base salary, based on company and individual performance. Beginning in 2019, Mr. Lapointe has been eligible to participate in the Company’s annual bonus plan. Mr. Lapointe received an RSU grant to vest 250,000 shares of SoFi common stock, which vested 25% on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and in 16 equal quarterly increments thereafter. Mr. Lapointe’s RSU award is subject to Mr. Lapointe’s continued service with SoFi. Mr. Lapointe also received a $173,000 sign-on bonus, subject to a 24-month repayment period. In addition, as a condition to entering into the Lapointe Offer Letter, Mr. Lapointe is subject to SoFi’s standard confidential information and invention assignment agreement.
On June 8, 2019, Mr. Lapointe received an increase in base salary to $350,000 and an annual target bonus opportunity of 80% of his base salary based on a market adjustment.
On April 1, 2020, Mr. Lapointe was appointed interim Chief Financial Officer. In connection with this appointment, Mr. Lapointe received a monthly discretionary bonus of $25,000 through September 2020.
On September 14, 2020, Mr. Lapointe was appointed Chief Financial Officer, which provided for an increase in base salary to $450,000 and an annual target bonus opportunity of 100% of his base salary based on company and individual performance. Mr. Lapointe also received an RSU grant to vest 500,000 shares of SoFi common stock, subject to quarterly time-based vesting that results in combined vesting of: 20,096 during fiscal year 2020; 74,039 during fiscal year 2021; 105,288 during fiscal year 2022; 139,039 during fiscal year 2023; and 161,538 during fiscal year 2024. The RSU award is subject to Mr. Lapointe’s continued service with SoFi.
On January 18, 2021, SoFi’s Board granted Mr. Lapointe 157,857 RSUs, which shall vest as to 1/16th on March 14, 2021 and 1/16th quarterly thereafter, subject to Mr. Lapointe’s continued service with SoFi.
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Mr. Lapointe’s grant agreements provide for payments due upon the occurrence of a Qualifying Termination and/or Change of Control. See “— Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control” below for details.
Michelle Gill
On April 12, 2018, SoFi and Michelle Gill entered into an offer letter (the “Gill Offer Letter”) to serve as SoFi’s Chief Financial Officer, providing for an initial base salary of $500,000 and an annual target bonus opportunity of 100% of her base salary based on company and individual performance. In connection with the execution of the Gill Offer Letter, the Company granted Ms. Gill the following: (i) an option to purchase 1,150,000 shares of SoFi common stock with an exercise price of $10.78, which option is immediately exercisable and vests 25% on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and 1/48th monthly thereafter; (ii) an option to purchase 1,400,000 shares of SoFi common stock with an exercise price of $17.18, which option is immediately exercisable and vests 25% on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and 1/48th monthly thereafter; and (iii) RSUs to vest 1,350,000 shares of SoFi common stock, which vest 25% on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and 1/48th monthly thereafter. In addition, as a condition to entering into the Gill Offer Letter, Ms. Gill is subject to SoFi’s standard confidential information and invention assignment agreement.
On April 1, 2020, Ms. Gill was appointed Executive Vice President and Group Business Leader, Lending & Capital Markets. Ms. Gill’s base salary and annual bonus target remained unchanged. On June 23, 2020, Ms. Gill received two RSU grants to vest 200,000 shares and 450,000 shares of SoFi common stock. The grant of RSUs to vest 200,000 shares of SoFi common stock vests as to 50,000 on each of the first two quarterly anniversaries of the vesting commencement date and 25,000 on each of the four quarterly anniversaries thereafter. The grant of RSUs to vest 450,000 shares of SoFi common stock vests as to 1/8th on each quarterly anniversary of the initial vest date. The vesting of the RSU awards is subject to Ms. Gill’s continued service with SoFi.
On January 18, 2021, SoFi’s Board granted Ms. Gill 401,421 RSUs, subject to quarterly time-based vesting that results in combined vesting of: 171,321 during fiscal year 2022; 83,850 during fiscal year 2023; and 146,250 during fiscal year 2024, subject to Ms. Gill’s continued service with SoFi through each applicable vesting date.
The Gill Agreement provides for payments due upon the occurrence of a Qualifying Termination and/or Change of Control. See “— Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control” below for details.
Maria Renz
On February 14, 2020, SoFi and Ms. Renz entered into an offer letter (the “Renz Offer Letter”) to serve as an Executive Vice President, which provides for an initial base salary of $450,000 and an annual target bonus opportunity of 100% of Ms. Renz’s base salary based on company and individual performance. For Ms. Renz’s first fiscal year of employment, Ms. Renz participates in a quarterly bonus plan and is guaranteed to receive a minimum bonus at 100% of her base salary that is not prorated for the portion of the year she is employed. Effective January 1, 2021, Ms. Renz will become eligible to instead participate in the annual bonus plan, with a target bonus opportunity of 100% of her base salary and no guaranteed minimum. Ms. Renz received an RSU grant to vest 1,296,000 shares of SoFi common stock, which vest 25% on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and 1/16th thereafter, quarterly. The Renz Offer Letter has no specific term and provided for at-will employment. In addition, as a condition to entering into the Renz Offer Letter, Ms. Renz is subject to SoFi’s standard confidential information and invention assignment agreement.
The Renz Agreement provides for payments due upon the occurrence of a Qualifying Termination and/or Change of Control. See “— Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control” below for details.
Jennifer Nuckles
On May 16, 2019, SoFi and Ms. Nuckles entered into an offer letter (the “Nuckles Offer Letter”) for Ms. Nuckles to serve as SoFi’s Head of Lantern, Partnerships and Content, which provided for an initial base salary of $350,000 and an annual target bonus opportunity of 80% of Ms. Nuckles’ base salary based on company and individual performance. Ms. Nuckles received a RSU grant to vest 180,000 shares of SoFi common stock, which vest as to 25% on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and 1/16th thereafter, quarterly. The RSU award is subject to Ms. Nuckles’ continued service with SoFi. The Nuckles Offer Letter has no specific term and provided for at-will employment. In addition, as a condition to entering into the Nuckles Offer Letter, Ms. Nuckles is subject to SoFi’s standard confidential information and invention assignment agreement.
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On March 11, 2020, Ms. Nuckles was promoted to Executive Vice President & Group Business Leader — Relay, Protect, Lantern, Content, At Work & Partnerships, for which she received an increase in base salary to $400,000 and an increase in annual target bonus opportunity to 100% of her base salary. Ms. Nuckles also received an RSU grant to vest 200,000 shares of SoFi common stock, which vest as to 1/16th on each quarterly anniversary following the vesting commencement date.
On January 18, 2021, SoFi’s Board granted Ms. Nuckles 278,571 RSUs, which shall vest as to 1/16th on March 14, 2021 and 1/16th quarterly thereafter, subject to Ms. Nuckles’ continued service with SoFi.
Ms. Nuckles’ grant agreement provides for payments due upon the occurrence of a Qualifying Termination and/or Change of Control. See “— Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control” below for details.
Annual Cash Bonuses
Pursuant to their employment agreement or offer letter, as applicable, each NEO is eligible to earn a cash incentive bonus based on company and individual achievement of performance targets established by the Board in its discretion. In 2020, the NEOs participated in an annual cash incentive bonus plan, with the exception of Ms. Renz, who participated in a quarterly cash incentive bonus plan during fiscal year 2020, but will participate in the annual cash incentive bonus plan effective January 1, 2021. For fiscal year 2020, each of our NEOs was eligible to earn a target bonus amount, which reflects a percentage of their annual base salaries. Ms. Renz was entitled to receive a minimum bonus at 100% of her base salary in fiscal year 2020, her first year of employment, but will not be entitled to such minimum beginning in fiscal year 2021.
With respect to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, the performance metrics used to determine the NEOs’ cash incentive bonuses are set forth above in “Cash Incentive Compensation”. The bonuses paid to each NEO for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 are set forth above in the “— 2020 Summary Compensation Table” in the “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation” column, with the exception of Ms. Renz, whose bonus is reflected in the “Bonus” column at 100% of her base salary, as she was entitled to this amount, at a minimum, on a discretionary basis. Any amount that Ms. Renz receives upon final determination of cash incentive bonuses above 100% of her base salary will be reflected as non-equity incentive plan compensation.
The Board also has the authority to grant additional discretionary bonuses to our NEOs on a case-by-case basis. Any discretionary bonuses awarded to an NEO for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 are set forth above in the “— 2020 Summary Compensation Table” in the “Bonus” column.
Equity Compensation — 2011 Stock Plan
The Company maintains the Social Finance, Inc. 2011 Stock Plan (as Amended and Restated effective as of November 5, 2019) (the “2011 Plan”), which provides for granting stock options, restricted stock and RSUs, pursuant to which the company has authorized 88,426,267 shares of its common stock for issuance to its employees, non-employee directors and non-employee third-party consultants as of December 31, 2020. The 2011 Plan was originally adopted by our Board and approved by our stockholders on June 10, 2011, and the amended and restated 2011 Plan was adopted by the Board on November 5, 2019 and approved by our stockholders on February 6, 2020. The number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance is subject to adjustment in the event of a stock split, stock dividend or other change in our capitalization. As of December 31, 2020, options to purchase 17,183,828 shares of common stock and 25,591,913 RSUs subject to service-based vesting conditions were outstanding under the 2011 Plan.
The following shares are added back to the shares of common stock available for issuance under the Plan: shares of common stock (i) underlying any awards that are held back upon exercise or settlement of an award to satisfy the exercise price or tax withholding, (ii) reacquired by us prior to vesting, (iii) satisfied without the issuance of stock, and (iv) that expire or are otherwise terminated (other than by exercise) under the 2011 Plan.
The Chief Executive Officer acts as administrator of the 2011 Plan for executives, except when a grant exceeds 200,000 shares of stock underlying such award, in which case the compensation committee also acts as administrator in coordination with the Chief Executive Officer. The administrator has full power to select, from among the individuals eligible for awards, the individuals to whom awards will be granted, to make any combination of awards to participants, and to determine the specific terms and conditions of each award, subject to the provisions of our 2011 Plan. Persons eligible to participate in our 2011 Plan will be those full or part-time officers, employees and consultants as selected from time to time by the administrator in its discretion.
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Our 2011 Plan permits the granting of both options to purchase common stock intended to qualify as incentive stock options under Section 422 of the Code and options that do not so qualify. The option exercise price of each option will be determined by the administrator, but may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant, or in the case of an incentive stock option granted to an employee who owns stock representing more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of stock of the company, the exercise price shall not be less than 110% of the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. The term of each option will be fixed by our administrator and may not exceed ten years from the date of grant. Our administrator will determine at what time or times each option may be exercised. The 2011 Plan allows for the granting of stock options that may be exercised before the options have vested at the discretion and determination of the Board.
The administrator may award restricted shares of common stock to participants subject to such conditions and restrictions as it may determine. These conditions and restrictions may include the achievement of certain performance goals and/or continued employment with us through a specified vesting period.
Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control (as defined in the 2011 Plan), each vested outstanding award may be: (i) continued by SoFi (if SoFi is the surviving corporation); (ii) assumed by the surviving corporation or its parent; (iii) substituted by the surviving corporation or its parent; (iv) canceled in exchange for payment to the holder equal to the excess of (a) the fair market value of the underlying shares subject to such award as of the closing date of such Change of Control over (b) the exercise price or purchase price for the shares to be issued pursuant to the exercise of such awards, or (v) canceled for no consideration, if the exercise or purchase price of such awards exceeds the fair market value of SoFi’s shares as of the closing date of the Change of Control. Upon a Change of Control, all outstanding awards shall terminate and cease to be outstanding, except to the extent such awards have been continued or assumed.
The terms of each stock option grant, including the exercise price per share and vesting periods, are determined by our Board.
Stock options are typically granted at exercise prices equal to the fair value of SoFi common stock at the date of grant. However, for Mr. Noto’s and Ms. Gill’s option grants, the Board determined that issuing options with strike prices in excess of fair value would promote the long-term value growth of the company. Stock options vesting schedules include, but are not limited to: (i) vesting at a rate of 25% after one year from the vesting commencement date and then monthly over an additional three-year period, and (ii) vesting at a rate of 20% after one year from vesting commencement date and then monthly over an additional four years. Our stock options expire ten years from the grant date or within 90 days of employee termination. We ceased granting stock options to executives in fiscal year 2018.
We began issuing RSUs to executives in 2017. RSUs are equity awards granted to executives that entitle the holder to shares of our common stock when the awards vest. RSUs granted to newly hired executives typically vest 25% on the first vesting date which occurs approximately one year after the date of grant and ratably each quarter of the ensuing 12-quarter period. RSUs have been issued under other vesting schedules, including, but not limited to: (i) vesting at a rate of 20% after one year from vesting commencement date and then monthly over an additional four years, (ii) vesting at a rate of 25% after one year and then monthly over an additional three years, and (iii) other vesting schedules ranging in total duration from one to four years with even or uneven vesting patterns. RSUs are measured based on the fair value of our stock on the date of grant.
On May 14, 2020, certain employees, including executive officers, were given the option to exchange certain unvested options to purchase SoFi common stock for unvested RSUs. The primary purpose of this tender was to offer employees who primarily received options as part of their compensation package an opportunity to receive RSUs. Ms. Gill participated in the tender offer and was granted 418,295 RSUs.
2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan
Effective upon the completion of the Business Combination and in connection with the implementation of the 2021 Plan, we intend to grant awards to certain executive officers representing 3% of our outstanding capital stock following the Business Combination on an as converted basis. Specifically, we shall grant Mr. Noto restricted stock units that will be subject to performance-based vesting conditions. The remaining portion of such 3% pool to be awarded to executive officers, employees and consultants, other than Mr. Noto, cannot be determined at this time, however, they will be subject to the same performance vesting conditions as the Noto PSUs. All other future awards to executive officers, employees and consultants under the 2021 Plan are discretionary and cannot be determined at this time.
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The Noto PSUs will represent approximately 0.75% of our outstanding capital stock on an as converted basis. The Noto PSUs shall vest, if at all, during the period commencing on the first anniversary of the Business Combination and ending on the fifth such anniversary, subject to the achievement of specified performance goals including (i) the volume-weighted average closing price of our stock attaining $25, $35 and $45 Target Hurdles, over a 90-trading day period and (ii) if we become a bank holding company, maintaining certain minimum standards applicable to bank holding companies, subject to continued employment on the date of vesting. In the event of a Sale Event (as defined in the 2021 Plan), the Noto PSUs may automatically vest subject to the satisfaction of the Target Hurdles by reference to the sale price, without regard to any other vesting conditions. For more information relating to our 2021 Plan, see “Incentive Plan Proposal” discussed above.
Employee Benefit Plans
Our NEOs are eligible to participate in the SoFi employee benefit plans, including SoFi’s medical, dental, vision, group life and accidental death and dismemberment insurance plans, in each case, on the same basis as all of our other employees. SoFi also maintains a 401(k) plan for the benefit of its eligible employees, including the NEOs, as discussed in the section “— 401(k) plan”.
401(k) Plan
SoFi maintains a 401(k) retirement savings plan (the “401(k) Plan”) that provides eligible U.S. employees with an opportunity to save for retirement on a tax-advantaged basis. Under the 401(k) Plan, eligible employees may defer eligible compensation subject to applicable annual contribution limits imposed by the Internal Revenue Service. SoFi employees’ pre-tax contributions are allocated to each participant’s individual account and participants are immediately and fully vested in their contributions. The 401(k) Plan is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code with the 401(k) Plan’s related trust intended to be tax exempt under Section 501(a) of the Code. The 401(k) Plan does not permit us to make matching contributions or profit-sharing contributions to eligible participants at this time and would need to be amended to add such benefits.
Pension Benefits
SoFi does not maintain any pension benefit or retirement plans other than the 401(k) Plan, as discussed in “— 401(k) plan”.
Nonqualified Deferred Compensation
SoFi does not maintain any nonqualified deferred compensation plans.
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Outstanding Equity Awards at 2020 Fiscal Year-End
The following table summarizes information about the outstanding equity incentive plan awards for each NEO as of December 31, 2020. The market value of the shares in the following table represents the fair value of such shares as of December 31, 2020.
Option Awards(1)
Share Awards
Name
Grant Date
Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Exercisable (#)
Option Exercise Price
($/Share)
Option Expiration Date
Number of Shares or Units That Have Not Vested (#)
Market
Value of
Shares or
Units That
Have Not
Vested ($)(2)
Anthony Noto
3/12/2018
(3)
3,000,000 10.78 
3/11/2028
— — 
Chief Executive Officer
3/13/2018
(4)
3,700,000 17.18 
3/12/2028
— — 
3/13/2018
(5)
— — — 1,516,667 27,952,173 
3/11/2020
(6)
— — — 925,237 17,052,118 
12/16/2020
(7)
— — — 2,165,825 39,916,155 
Christopher Lapointe
9/11/2018
(8)
— — — 93,750 1,727,813 
Chief Financial Officer
8/6/2019
(9)
— — — 12,500 230,375 
2/3/2020
(10)
— — — 60,000 1,105,800 
11/2/2020
(11)
— — — 479,904 8,844,631 
Maria Renz
3/11/2020
(12)
— — — 1,296,000 23,885,280 
EVP & Group Business Leader – Money, Invest & Credit Card
Michelle Gill
5/22/2018
(13)
527,083 10.78 
5/21/2028
— — 
EVP & Group Business Leader – Lending & Capital Markets
5/22/2018
(14)
641,666 17.18 
5/21/2028
— — 
5/22/2018
(15)
— — — 478,125 8,811,844 
4/1/2020
(16)
— — — 273,497 5,040,550 
6/23/2020
(17)
— — — 450,000 8,293,500 
6/23/2020
(18)
— — — 100,000 1,843,000 
Jennifer Nuckles
8/6/2019
(19)
— — — 112,500 2,073,375 
EVP & Group Business Leader – Relay, Protect, Lantern, Content, At Work & Partnerships
2/3/2020
(20)
— — — 54,000 995,220 
4/7/2020
(21)
— — — 162,500 2,994,875 
_________________________
(1)All stock options granted to Mr. Noto and Ms. Gill were immediately exercisable. To the extent Mr. Noto or Ms. Gill exercises his or her stock options prior to vesting, the shares of our common stock that he or she will receive will be unvested and subject to SoFi’s right of first refusal, which will lapse in accordance with the original vesting schedule of the stock options.
(2)Includes the fair value of unvested RSUs calculated as (i) $18.43 (the fair value of SoFi common stock as of December 31, 2020), multiplied by (ii) the number of unvested RSUs.
(3)The options had a vesting commencement date of February 26, 2018 and vest as to 20% of the shares subject to the option on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and as to 1/60th of the shares subject to the option on each monthly anniversary thereafter, subject to Mr. Noto’s continued service with SoFi. The options are exercisable at grant date.
(4)The options had a vesting commencement date of February 26, 2018 and vest as to 20% of the shares subject to the option on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and as to 1/60th of the shares subject to the option on each monthly anniversary thereafter, subject to Mr. Noto’s continued service with SoFi. The options are exercisable at grant date.
(5)The RSUs had a vesting commencement date of February 26, 2018. The service-based vesting condition of the RSUs is satisfied as to 20% of the RSUs on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date, and as to 1/60th of the RSUs on each monthly anniversary thereafter, subject to Mr. Noto’s continued service with SoFi.
(6)The RSUs had a vesting commencement date of March 14, 2020. The service-based vesting condition of the RSUs is satisfied as to 1/20th of the RSUs on each quarterly anniversary of the vesting commencement date, subject to Mr. Noto’s continued service with SoFi.
(7)The RSUs vest beginning on March 14, 2023 and are subject to quarterly time-based vesting thereafter according to the following schedule and subject to Mr. Noto’s continued service with SoFi: 243,959 RSUs on each of March 14, 2023, June 14, 2023 and September 14, 2023; 243,958 RSUs on
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December 14, 2023; 297,498 RSUs on each of March 14, 2024 and June 14, 2024; and 297,497 RSUs on each of September 14, 2024 and December 14, 2024.
(8)The RSUs had a vesting commencement date of June 14, 2018. The service-based vesting condition of the RSUs is satisfied as to 25% on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and as to 1/16th of the RSUs on each quarterly anniversary thereafter, subject to Mr. Lapointe’s continued service with SoFi.
(9)The RSUs had a vesting commencement date of June 14, 2019. The grant is subject to quarterly time-based vesting, such that all awards are fully vested after the 16th quarter subsequent to the vesting commencement date, subject to Mr. Lapointe’s continued service with SoFi.
(10)The RSUs had a vesting commencement date of December 14, 2019. The service-based vesting condition of the RSUs is satisfied as to 1/16th of the RSUs on each quarterly anniversary, subject to Mr. Lapointe’s continued service with SoFi.
(11)The RSUs had a vesting commencement date of September 14, 2020. The grant is subject to quarterly time-based vesting according to the following schedule and subject to Mr. Lapointe’s continued service with SoFi: 20,096 RSUs on December 14, 2020; 18,509 RSUs on March 14, 2021; 18,510 RSUs on each of June 14, 2021, September 14, 2021 and December 14, 2021; 26,322 RSUs on each of March 14, 2022, June 14, 2022, September 14, 2022 and December 14, 2022; 34,759 RSUs on March 14, 2023; 34,760 RSUs on each of June 14, 2023, September 14, 2023 and December 14, 2023; 40,384 RSUs on March 14, 2024; 40,385 RSUs on each of June 14, 2024 and September 14, 2024; and 40,384 RSUs on December 14, 2024.
(12)The RSUs had a vesting commencement date of March 14, 2020. The service-based vesting condition of the RSUs is satisfied as to 25% on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and as to 1/16th of the RSUs on each quarterly anniversary thereafter, subject to Ms. Renz’s continued service with SoFi.
(13)The options had a vesting commencement date of May 1, 2018 and vest as to 25% of the shares subject to the option on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and as to 1/48th of the shares subject to the option on each monthly anniversary thereafter, subject to Ms. Gill’s continued service with SoFi. The options are exercisable at grant date. On April 1, 2020, Ms. Gill tendered 622,917 of the then-unvested stock options in exchange for 234,618 RSUs, which did not result in any incremental fair value at the time of the exchange (see footnote 16 below).
(14)The options had a vesting commencement date of May 1, 2018 and vest as to 25% of the shares subject to the option on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and as to 1/48th of the shares subject to the option on each monthly anniversary thereafter, subject to Ms. Gill’s continued service with SoFi. The options are exercisable at grant date. On April 1, 2020, Ms. Gill tendered 758,334 of the then-unvested stock options in exchange for 183,677 RSUs, which did not result in any incremental fair value at the time of the exchange (see footnote 16 below).
(15)The RSUs had a vesting commencement date of May 1, 2018. The service-based vesting condition of the RSUs is satisfied as to 25% of the RSUs on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date, and as to 1/48th of the RSUs on each monthly anniversary thereafter, subject to Ms. Gill’s continued service with SoFi.
(16)The RSUs had a vesting commencement date of April 1, 2020 and were received upon exchange of stock options in a tender offer by the Company. The service-based vesting condition of the RSUs is satisfied over the remaining original vesting term of the stock options exchanged, and vests on a quarterly basis according to the following schedule, subject to Ms. Gill’s continued service with SoFi: 48,270 RSUs on June 14, 2020; 48,264 RSUs on each of September 14, 2020, December 14, 2020, March 14, 2021, June 14, 2021, September 14, 2021, December 14, 2021 and March 14, 2022; and 32,177 on June 14, 2022.
(17)The RSUs vest beginning on March 14, 2022 and are subject to service-based vesting thereafter as to 1/8th of the RSUs on each quarterly anniversary of the initial vest date, subject to Ms. Gill’s continued service with SoFi.
(18)The RSUs had a vesting commencement date of June 14, 2020. The service-based vesting condition of the RSUs is satisfied according to the following schedule and subject to Ms. Gill’s continued service with SoFi: 50,000 RSUs on each of September 14, 2020 and December 14, 2020, and 25,000 RSUs on each of March 14, 2021, June 14, 2021, September 14, 2021 and December 14, 2021.
(19)The RSUs had a vesting commencement date of June 14, 2019. The service-based vesting condition of the RSUs is satisfied as to 25% on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and as to 1/16th of the RSUs on each quarterly anniversary thereafter, subject to Ms. Nuckles’ continued service with SoFi.
(20)The RSUs had a vesting commencement date of December 14, 2019. The service-based vesting condition of the RSUs is satisfied as to 1/16th of the RSUs on each quarterly anniversary, subject to Ms. Nuckles’ continued service with SoFi.
(21)The RSUs had a vesting commencement date of March 14, 2020. The service-based vesting condition of the RSUs is satisfied as to 1/16th of the RSUs on each quarterly anniversary, subject to Ms. Nuckles’ continued service with SoFi.
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Stock Vested During 2020 Fiscal Year-End
There were no equity incentive plan awards stock options exercised by our NEOs during the year ended December 31, 2020. The following table summarizes the equity incentive plan awards stock vested for each NEO to which this table applies as of December 31, 2020:
Stock Vested
Name
Number of Shares Acquired on Vesting (#)
Value Realized on Vesting ($)(1)
Anthony Noto
863,277 11,759,868 
Chief Executive Officer
Christopher Lapointe
107,596 1,582,901 
Chief Financial Officer
Michelle Gill
582,298 8,249,369 
EVP & Group Business Leader – Lending & Capital Markets
Jennifer Nuckles
123,000 1,708,373 
EVP & Group Business Leader – Relay, Protect, Lantern, Content, At Work & Partnerships
_________________________
(1)The values reflected in the table are determined by aggregating the values realized on stock vested throughout the fiscal year. The value realized on vesting at each vesting date is calculated as the number of shares acquired on vesting multiplied by the common stock per share value covering such vesting date.
Employee Benefit Plans
Our NEOs are eligible to participate in the SoFi employee benefit plans, including SoFi’s medical, dental, vision, group life and accidental death and dismemberment insurance plans, in each case, on the same basis as all of our other employees. SoFi also maintains a 401(k) plan for the benefit of its eligible employees, including the NEOs, as discussed in the section “— 401(k) plan”.
401(k) Plan
SoFi maintains a 401(k) retirement savings plan (the “401(k) Plan”) that provides eligible U.S. employees with an opportunity to save for retirement on a tax-advantaged basis. Under the 401(k) Plan, eligible employees may defer eligible compensation subject to applicable annual contribution limits imposed by the Internal Revenue Service. SoFi employees’ pre-tax contributions are allocated to each participant’s individual account and participants are immediately and fully vested in their contributions. The 401(k) Plan is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code with the 401(k) Plan’s related trust intended to be tax exempt under Section 501(a) of the Code. The 401(k) Plan does not permit us to make matching contributions or profit-sharing contributions to eligible participants at this time and would need to be amended to add such benefits.
Pension Benefits
SoFi does not maintain any pension benefit or retirement plans other than the 401(k) Plan, as discussed in “— 401(k) plan”.
Nonqualified Deferred Compensation
SoFi does not maintain any nonqualified deferred compensation plans.
Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control
Our NEOs are eligible for certain payments or benefits in connection with certain qualifying terminations or a change of control, as described herein.
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Anthony Noto
Pursuant to the Noto Agreement, if Mr. Noto is terminated by SoFi without Cause (as defined in the Noto Agreement) or resigns for Good Reason (as defined in the Noto Agreement) (together, a “Qualifying Termination”), Mr. Noto shall be entitled to: (i) a lump-sum cash payment equal to the sum of (x) twelve months of Mr. Noto’s base salary, and (y) 100% of Mr. Noto’s annual cash bonus at the higher of (a) his target level and (b) his actual level of performance reasonably projected as of the termination of Mr. Noto’s employment, (ii) the continuation of health, dental and vision coverage under SoFi’s group insurance benefits at no cost to Mr. Noto for twelve months, and (iii) vesting acceleration of each of Mr. Noto’s then-outstanding equity incentives as if he had remained in continuous service to SoFi for an additional twelve months and as if all applicable performance-based vesting conditions (if any) were met at the target achievement level or, if higher, the actual level of achievement reasonably projected as of the termination of his employment, with such acceleration effective as of immediately prior to the termination of his employment.
Pursuant to the Noto Agreement, if Mr. Noto experiences a Qualifying Termination three months prior to or any time after a Change of Control (as defined in the Noto Agreement), Mr. Noto shall, in lieu of the above, be entitled to: (i) a lump-sum cash payment equal to the sum of (x) 18 months of Mr. Noto’s base salary, and (y) 150% of Mr. Noto’s annual bonus at the higher of (a) his target level and (b) his actual level of performance reasonably projected as of the termination of Mr. Noto’s employment, (ii) the continuation of health, dental and vision coverage under SoFi’s group insurance benefits at no cost to Mr. Noto for 18 months, and (iii) full vesting acceleration of each of Mr. Noto’s then-outstanding equity incentives (including as to all applicable performance-based vesting conditions (if any), which will be deemed satisfied at maximum achievement), with such acceleration effective as of immediately prior to the later of his Qualifying Termination and SoFi’s Change of Control.
Additionally, all equity grants are subject to automatic accelerated vesting upon a Change of Control (as defined in the 2011 Plan) of SoFi, if such grants are otherwise to be canceled for no consideration upon such Change of Control.
Mr. Noto’s severance payments are subject to the execution of a release of claims in favor of SoFi.
Christopher Lapointe
Effective September 14, 2020, when Mr. Lapointe was appointed Chief Financial Officer, and pursuant to his promotion letter (the “Lapointe Promotion Letter”), if Mr. Lapointe is terminated by SoFi without Cause (as defined in the Lapointe Promotion Letter) or resigns for Good Reason (as defined in the Lapointe Promotion Letter), Mr. Lapointe shall be entitled to: (i) a lump-sum cash payment equal to the sum of (x) 12 months of Mr. Lapointe’s base salary, and (y) 100% of Mr. Lapointe’s annual cash bonus at the higher of (a) Mr. Lapointe’s target level and (b) Mr. Lapointe’s actual level of performance reasonably projected as of the termination of Mr. Lapointe’s employment, (ii) the continuation of health, dental and vision coverage under SoFi’s group insurance benefits at no cost to Mr. Lapointe for 12 months, and (iii) vesting acceleration of each of Mr. Lapointe’s then-outstanding equity incentives as if he had remained in continuous service to SoFi for an additional 12 months.
Additionally, pursuant to the Lapointe Promotion Letter, if Mr. Lapointe is terminated by SoFi without Cause or resigns for Good Reason three months prior to or any time after a Change of Control (as defined in the Lapointe Promotion Letter), Mr. Lapointe shall, in lieu of the above, be entitled to: (i) a lump-sum cash payment equal to the sum of (x) 18 months of Mr. Lapointe’s base salary, and (y) 150% of Mr. Lapointe’s annual bonus at the higher of (a) his target level and (b) his actual level of performance reasonably projected as of the termination of Mr. Lapointe’s employment, (ii) the continuation of health, dental and vision coverage under SoFi’s group insurance benefits at no cost to Mr. Lapointe for 18 months, and (iii) full vesting acceleration of each of Mr. Lapointe’s then-outstanding equity incentives.
Mr. Lapointe’s severance payments are subject to the execution of a release of claims in favor of SoFi.
Michelle Gill
Pursuant to the Gill Offer Letter, if Ms. Gill is terminated by SoFi without Cause (as defined in the Gill Offer Letter) or resigns for Good Reason (as defined in the Gill Offer Letter), Ms. Gill shall be entitled to: (i) a lump-sum cash payment equal to the sum of (x) 12 months of Ms. Gill’s base salary, and (y) 100% of Ms. Gill’s annual cash bonus at the higher of (a) Ms. Gill’s target level and (b) Ms. Gill’s actual level of performance reasonably projected as of the termination of Ms. Gill’s employment, (ii) the continuation of health, dental and vision coverage under SoFi’s group insurance benefits at no cost to Ms. Gill for 12 months, and (iii) vesting acceleration of each of Ms. Gill’s then-outstanding equity incentives as if she had
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remained in continuous service to SoFi for an additional 12 months and as if all applicable performance-based vesting conditions (if any) were met at the target achievement level or, if higher, the actual level of achievement reasonably projected as of the termination of her employment, with such acceleration effective as of immediately prior to the termination of her employment.
Additionally, pursuant to the Gill Offer Letter, if Ms. Gill is terminated by SoFi without Cause or resigns for Good Reason three months prior to or any time after a Change of Control (as defined in the Gill Offer Letter), Ms. Gill shall, in lieu of the above, be entitled to: (i) a lump-sum cash payment equal to the sum of (x) 18 months of Ms. Gill’s base salary, and (y) 150% of Ms. Gill’s annual bonus at the higher of (a) her target level and (b) her actual level of performance reasonably projected as of the termination of Ms. Gill’s employment, (ii) the continuation of health, dental and vision coverage under SoFi’s group insurance benefits at no cost to Ms. Gill for 18 months, and (iii) full vesting acceleration of each of Ms. Gill’s then-outstanding equity incentives (including as to all applicable performance-based vesting conditions (if any), which will be deemed satisfied at maximum achievement), with such acceleration effective as of immediately prior to the later of such termination of employment and SoFi’s Change of Control.
Additionally, all such grants are subject to automatic accelerated vesting upon a Change of Control (as defined in the 2011 Plan) of SoFi if such grants are otherwise to be canceled for no consideration upon such Change of Control, with any performance vesting conditions deemed satisfied at maximum levels.
Ms. Gill’s severance payments are subject to the execution of a release of claims in favor of SoFi.
Maria Renz
Pursuant to the Renz Offer Letter, if Ms. Renz is terminated by SoFi without Cause (as defined in the Renz Offer Letter) or resigns for Good Reason (as defined in the Renz Offer Letter), Ms. Renz shall be entitled to: (i) a lump-sum cash payment equal to the sum of (x) 12 months of Ms. Renz’s base salary, and (y) 100% of Ms. Renz’s annual cash bonus at the higher of (a) Ms. Renz’s target level and (b) Ms. Renz’s actual level of performance reasonably projected as of the termination of Ms. Renz’s employment, (ii) the continuation of health, dental and vision coverage under SoFi’s group insurance benefits at no cost to Ms. Renz for 12 months, and (iii) vesting acceleration of each of Ms. Renz’s then-outstanding equity incentives as if she had remained in continuous service to SoFi for an additional 12 months and as if all applicable performance-based vesting conditions (if any) were met at the target achievement level or, if higher, the actual level of achievement reasonably projected as of the termination of her employment, with such acceleration effective as of immediately prior to the termination of her employment.
Additionally, pursuant to the Renz Offer Letter, if Ms. Renz is terminated by SoFi without Cause or resigns for Good Reason three months prior to or any time after a Change of Control (as defined in the Renz Offer Letter), Ms. Renz shall, in lieu of the above, be entitled to: (i) a lump-sum cash payment equal to the sum of (x) 18 months of Ms. Renz’s base salary, and (y) 150% of Ms. Renz’s annual bonus at the higher of (a) her target level and (b) her actual level of performance reasonably projected as of the termination of Ms. Renz’s employment, (ii) the continuation of health, dental and vision coverage under SoFi’s group insurance benefits at no cost to Ms. Renz for 18 months, and (iii) full vesting acceleration of each of Ms. Renz’s then-outstanding equity incentives (including as to all applicable performance-based vesting conditions (if any), which will be deemed satisfied at maximum achievement), with such acceleration effective as of immediately prior to the later of such termination of employment and SoFi’s Change of Control.
Ms. Renz’s severance payments are subject to the execution of a release of claims in favor of the Company.
Jennifer Nuckles
Pursuant to the Nuckles Offer Letter in the event of a Change of Control (as defined in the 2011 Plan), Ms. Nuckles shall be entitled to accelerated vesting of 50% of the then-outstanding unvested RSUs received in her initial grant of 180,000 shares.
The following table sets forth quantitative estimates of the benefits that would have accrued to our NEOs pursuant to the employment agreement or offer letters, as applicable, if his or her employment had been terminated under either a “Qualifying
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Termination” or a “Qualifying Termination with Change of Control”, as well as benefits that would have accrued under solely a “Change of Control” as of December 31, 2020. Refer to the footnotes to the tables for definitions of these scenarios.
Name and Principal Position
Scenario
Cash
Severance
Benefits
($)(1)
Accelerated
Vesting of
Equity
Awards
($)(2)
Continued
Health
Benefits
($)(3)
Total ($)
Anthony Noto
Qualifying Termination(4)
1,800,000 22,428,266 22,823 24,251,089 
Chief Executive Officer
Qualifying Termination with Change of Control(5)
2,700,000 96,869,612 34,235 99,603,847 
Change of Control(6)
— 96,869,612 — 96,869,612 
Christopher Lapointe
Qualifying Termination(4)
1,125,000 2,977,164 — 4,102,164 
Chief Financial Officer
Qualifying Termination with Change of Control(5)
1,687,500 11,908,618 — 13,596,118 
Maria Renz
Qualifying Termination(4)
934,375 10,449,810 22,823 11,407,008 
EVP & Group Business Leader – Money, Invest & Credit Card
Qualifying Termination with Change of Control(5)
1,401,563 23,885,280 34,235 25,321,078 
Michelle Gill
Qualifying Termination(4)
1,175,000 11,621,147 23,716 12,819,863 
EVP & Group Business Leader – Lending & Capital Markets
Qualifying Termination with Change of Control(5)
1,762,500 23,988,893 35,574 25,786,967 
Change of Control(6)
— 23,988,893 — 23,988,893 
Jennifer Nuckles
Qualifying Termination with Change of Control(5)
— 1,036,688 — 1,036,688 
EVP & Group Business
Leader – Relay, Protect,
Lantern, Content, At Work
& Partnerships
_________________________
(1)Includes lump-sum base salary payments and non-equity incentive-based compensation payable to the NEO by SoFi as provided under the employment agreement or offer letters, as applicable. Additionally, in a Qualifying Termination, bonuses are determined to be the higher of the target or the actual level of performance reasonably projected at termination.
(2)Includes the fair value of RSUs and/or stock options that would immediately vest pursuant to the specified termination scenario. Award fair values are determined using $18.43 for the fair value of our common stock as of December 31, 2020. The fair value of accelerated RSUs is calculated as (i) $18.43, multiplied by (ii) the number of outstanding and unvested RSUs as of December 31, 2020. The fair value of accelerated stock options is calculated as (i) the number of unexercised stock options, multiplied by (ii) the intrinsic value, if any, of the stock options as measured by the excess of $18.43 over the applicable option exercise price.
(3)Calculated as (i) the cost of health, dental and vision insurance premiums under COBRA applicable to each NEO, multiplied by (ii) the number of months of continued health benefits coverage as provided under the employment agreement or offer letters, as applicable.
(4)A Qualifying Termination is a termination of employment by SoFi without “cause” or a resignation for “good reason”. Cause typically includes certain violations causing material injury to the Company, such as fraud, dishonesty, unauthorized use or disclosure of proprietary information, other willful misconduct, or the like. Good reason typically includes the occurrence of certain conditions without written consent, such as 10% reduction in base salary, a material breach by the Company of any agreement between the Company and employee, and the like.
(5)A Qualifying Termination with Change of Control is a Qualifying Termination, as discussed in footnote (4) above, at any time after, or within three months prior to, a Change of Control. For Mr. Noto, Ms. Gill and Ms. Renz, Change of Control has the same meaning as the term is defined in the 2011 Plan, with modifications that a Change of Control is triggered by consummation of a transaction in which any “person” becomes the “beneficial owner”, directly or indirectly, of a majority of SoFi’s then-outstanding voting securities, rather than all of the then-outstanding voting securities as prescribed in the 2011 Plan. Additionally, the definition of Change of Control in Mr. Noto’s, Ms. Gill’s and Ms. Renz’s employment agreement and offer letter, as applicable, excludes certain transactions by a preferred series investor.
(6)Change of Control has the same meaning as the term is defined in the 2011 Plan. The values reflected herein assume no termination has occurred in connection with such Change of Control.
Director Compensation
The following table sets forth our non-employee directors during fiscal year 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we did not have a formal non-employee director compensation program. The following table provides total compensation paid or awarded in 2020 to certain of our non-employee directors who served during 2020 based on an informal compensation program.
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During 2020, the Company and the Board agreed to provide Mr. Freiberg a quarterly cash retainer in connection with his being the Audit Committee Chair in an aggregate annual amount of $100,000 (with the second quarter 2020 amount prorated, which was the period wherein Mr. Freiberg commenced his Audit Committee Chair role) to be paid in full as of July 2021.
Further, we reimburse non-employee members of our Board for reasonable costs and expenses incurred in attending board meetings. Other than as set forth in this table and described more fully below, we did not pay any compensation or make any equity or non-equity awards to any of the non-employee members of our Board in fiscal year 2020. We also did not pay any compensation or make any equity or non-equity awards to Mr. Noto, our Chief Executive Officer, or Clay Wilkes, Chief Executive Officer — Galileo, in their capacities as directors.
Name and Position
Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($)(1)
Option Awards ($)(2)
Total ($)
Ahmed Al-Hammadi, Director
— — — 
Michael Bingle, Director
— — — 
Joe Chen, Director
— — — 
Michel Combes, Director
— — — 
Steven Freiberg, Vice Chairman
54,500 99,758 154,258 
Pete Hartigan, Director
— — — 
Tom Hutton, Chairman
— 99,758 99,758 
Robert Joss, Director(3)
— — — 
Clara Liang, Director
— 725,791 725,791 
Carlos Medeiros, Director
— — — 
Magdalena Yeşil, Director
— — — 
_________________________
(1)In connection with his role as the Audit Committee Chair, Mr. Freiberg was provided a quarterly cash retainer of $25,000 that was prorated for the second quarter, and earned in full for each of the third and fourth quarters. The remaining quarterly retainer of $25,000 will be paid in each of April 2021 and July 2021 under this arrangement.
(2)Represents the grant date fair value of stock options granted for fiscal year 2020, as calculated in line with ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation, and disregarding any estimate of forfeitures related to service-based vesting conditions. Mr. Freiberg and Mr. Hutton did not have any unexercised stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2020. Ms. Liang had 50,960 unexercised stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2020. Mr. Freiberg’s and Mr. Hutton’s stock options vest as to 100% in June 2021. Ms. Liang’s unvested stock options vest in equal monthly increments from January 2021 through October 2023.
(3)Mr. Joss resigned from the Board in the second quarter of 2020.
On January 29, 2021, we granted to each of Messrs. Freiberg and Hutton 17,858 RSUs, which shall fully vest on June 29, 2022, subject to each director's continued service on the Board through such date. In addition, we granted 17,858 RSUs to Ms. Yeşil, which shall fully vest on July 3, 2023, subject to her continued service on the Board through such date.
On March 8, 2021, we granted Mr. Hutton 6,696 RSU’s, which shall fully vest on June 29, 2021, subject to Mr. Hutton’s continued service on the Board through such date.
We intend to establish compensation practices for the non-employee members of our Board after the completion of the Business Combination. Such compensation may be paid in the form of cash, equity or a combination of both. We may also pay additional fees to the chair of the committees of the Board. Consistent with past practice, all members of the Board will be reimbursed for reasonable costs and expenses incurred in attending board or committee meetings.
Limitations of Liability and Indemnification Matters
We will adopt provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation that limit the liability of our directors for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duties, except for liability that cannot be eliminated under the Delaware General Corporation Law. Delaware law provides that directors of a corporation will not be personally liable for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duties as directors, except liability for any of the following:
any breach of their duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders;
acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;
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unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions as provided in Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law; or
any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.
This limitation of liability does not apply to liabilities arising under the federal securities laws and does not affect the availability of equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws also will provide that we shall indemnify our directors and executive officers and may indemnify our other officers and employees and other agents to the fullest extent permitted by law. We believe that indemnification under our amended and restated bylaws covers at least negligence and gross negligence on the part of indemnified parties. Our amended and restated bylaws also permit us to secure insurance on behalf of any officer, director, employee or other agent for any liability arising out of his or her actions in this capacity, regardless of whether our amended and restated bylaws would permit indemnification.
We have entered into separate indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers, in addition to indemnification provided for in our charter documents. These agreements, among other things, provide for indemnification of our directors and executive officers for expenses, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by this person in any action or proceeding arising out of this person’s services as a director or executive officer or at our request. We believe that these provisions and agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and executive officers.
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BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES
The following table sets forth information regarding (i) the beneficial ownership of SCH ordinary shares as of April 5, 2021 and (ii) the expected beneficial ownership of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock immediately following consummation of the Business Combination (assuming a “no redemptions” scenario and assuming a “redemptions” scenario as described below) by:
each person who is known to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of SCH ordinary shares and is expected to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock post-Business Combination;
each of SCH’s current executive officers and directors;
each person who will become an executive officer or director of SoFi Technologies post-Business Combination; and
all executive officers and directors of SCH as a group pre-Business Combination, and all executive officers and directors of SoFi Technologies post-Business Combination.
Beneficial ownership is determined according to the rules of the SEC, which generally provide that a person has beneficial ownership of a security if he, she or it possesses sole or shared voting or investment power over that security, including options and warrants that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days.
The beneficial ownership of SCH ordinary shares pre-Business Combination is based on 100,625,000 SCH ordinary shares issued and outstanding as of April 5, 2021, which includes an aggregate of 20,125,000 SCH Class B ordinary shares outstanding as of such date.
The expected beneficial ownership of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock post-Business Combination assumes two scenarios:
(i)a “no redemptions” scenario where (i) no public shareholders exercise their redemption rights in connection with the Business Combination or our extension proposal and (ii) SoFi Technologies issues 684,503,581 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, which, in the case of SoFi Awards, will be shares underlying awards based on SoFi Technologies common stock to SoFi Stockholders; and
(ii)a “redemptions” scenario where (i) all 80,500,000 of SCH’s outstanding public shares are redeemed in connection with the Business Combination and (ii) SoFi Technologies issues 684,503,581 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock, which, in the case of SoFi Awards, will be shares underlying awards based on SoFi Technologies common stock to SoFi Stockholders.
Based on the foregoing assumptions, and including the 122,500,000 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock issued in connection with the PIPE Investment, we estimate that there would be 860,252,981 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock issued and outstanding immediately following the consummation of the Business Combination in the “no redemption” scenario, and 779,752,981 shares of SoFi Technologies common stock issued and outstanding immediately following the consummation of the Business Combination in the “redemption” scenario. If the actual facts are different from the foregoing assumptions, ownership figures in the combined company and the columns under Post-Business Combination in the table that follows will be different. In addition, the expected beneficial ownership of shares of SoFi Technologies common stock post-Business Combination of current SoFi Stockholders assumes certain exchange ratios in the Merger. The final exchange ratios, which may be different from the assumed exchange ratios, will be determined at the Closing pursuant to the formula and terms set forth in the Merger Agreement.
The following table does not reflect record of beneficial ownership of any shares of SoFi Technologies common stock issuable upon exercise of public warrants or private placement warrants, except for the Series H Warrants, as such securities are not exercisable or convertible within 60 days of April 5, 2021. The following table also does not reflect consummation of the Share Repurchase.
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Unless otherwise indicated, SCH believes that all persons named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to the voting securities beneficially owned by them.
Pre-Business Combination and PIPE InvestmentPost-Business Combination and PIPE Investment
Assumption No RedemptionAssuming Redemption
Name and Address of
Beneficial Owner(1)
Number of
SCH
Ordinary
Shares