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Debt
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Debt Debt
Long-term debt consisted of the following:
 
As of
March 31, 2020December 31, 2019
LONG-TERM DEBT
Floating rate Revolving A Credit Facility due February 28, 2022$103,500  $102,000  
12.00% Revolving B Credit Facility due February 28, 2022(a)
26,570  25,788  
3.00% / 5.00% Convertible Senior Secured PIK Toggle Notes
due August 31, 2024(b)
95,135  —  
5.00% / 7.00% Convertible Senior Secured PIK Toggle Notes
due August 31, 2022(c)
3,757  193,660  
Total principal balance of long-term debt228,962  321,448  
Plus: derivative liability for embedded conversion feature(d)
38,962  —  
Less: unvested restricted 3.00% / 5.00% Convertible Senior Secured PIK Toggle Notes due August 31, 2024(e)
(228) —  
Less: unvested restricted 5.00% / 7.00% Convertible Senior Secured PIK Toggle Notes due August 31, 2022(e)
—  (323) 
Less: unamortized discount(21,273) (57,313) 
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs(255) (289) 
Total long-term debt246,168  263,523  
Less: current portion of long-term debt—  —  
Total long-term portion$246,168  $263,523  
(a) Included in balance is interest paid in kind of $5,070 as of March 31, 2020 and $4,288 as of December 31, 2019.
(b) There was no interest paid in kind included in the balance as of March 31, 2020.
(c) Included in balance is interest paid in kind of $618 as of March 31, 2020 and $28,991 as of December 31, 2019.
(d) If the Company receives shareholder approval for the authorization of additional shares of the Company's common stock, the derivative liability for the embedded conversion feature will be reclassified from a liability to equity (see further discussion below).
(e) Represents the unvested portion of restricted 3.00% / 5.00% Convertible Senior Secured PIK Toggle Notes due August 31, 2024 issued to certain members of management and the unvested portion of restricted 5.00% / 7.00% Convertible Senior Secured PIK Toggle Notes due August 31, 2022 issued to certain members of management (see Note 9 - Share-based compensation).
Credit Facilities
On August 31, 2017, the Company entered into the Revolving Credit and Security Agreement with PNC Bank, National Association ("PNC") as lender and as administrative and collateral agent (the “Agent”), and other lenders party thereto (the "Original ABL Credit Agreement"). The Original ABL Credit Agreement provided for a $125,000 senior secured, revolving credit facility (the "Revolving A Credit Facility") under which the Company and four of its subsidiaries each are borrowers (collectively, in such capacity, the “Borrowers”). The obligations of the Borrowers have been guaranteed by the subsidiaries of the Company named therein as guarantors.
On June 1, 2018, the Company entered into an Amendment No. 1 to Original ABL Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement Amendment No. 1”) by and among the Company, the Borrowers and guarantors party thereto and the Agent and the other lenders party thereto, which amended the Original ABL Credit Agreement to provide for additional borrowing capacity. On March 27, 2020, the Company entered into an Amendment No. 2 to the Original ABL Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement Amendment No. 2") by and among the Company, the Borrowers and guarantors party thereto and the Agent and the other lenders party thereto, which amended the Original ABL Credit Agreement (as amended by the Credit Agreement Amendment No. 1 and Credit Agreement No. 2, the “ABL Credit Agreement”) to permit the Exchange Offer (defined below) to proceed.
The ABL Credit Agreement provides for an additional $25,000 last out Revolving B Credit Facility (the "Revolving B Credit Facility" and together with the Revolving A Credit Facility, the "Credit Facility"). The Credit Facility was made
available in part by way of a participation in the Revolving B Credit Facility by certain of the Company’s stockholders. Borrowings under the Credit Facility will mature on February 28, 2022.
Subject to certain exceptions and permitted encumbrances, the obligations under the ABL Credit Agreement are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of the assets of each of the Borrowers and certain subsidiaries of the Company that are named as guarantors. The proceeds of the advances under the ABL Credit Agreement may only be used to (i) pay certain fees and expenses to the Agent and the lenders under the ABL Credit Agreement, (ii) provide for the Borrowers' working capital needs and reimburse drawings under letters of credit, (iii) repay the obligations under the Debtor-in-Possession Revolving Credit and Security Agreement dated as of July 10, 2017, by and among the Company, the lenders party thereto, and PNC, and certain other existing indebtedness, and (iv) provide for the Borrowers' capital expenditure needs, in accordance with the ABL Credit Agreement.
The Company may prepay its obligations under the ABL Credit Agreement at any time without premium or penalty, and must apply the net proceeds of material sales of collateral in prepayment of such obligations. Payments made must be applied to the Company's obligations under the Revolving A Credit Facility, if any, prior to its obligations under the Revolving B Credit Facility. In connection with an early termination or permanent reduction of the Revolving A Credit Facility prior to March 27, 2021, a 0.50% fee shall be due and, for the period from March 28, 2021 through September 27, 2021, a 0.25% fee shall be due, in each case in the amount of such commitment reduction, subject to reduction as set forth in the ABL Credit Agreement. Indebtedness for borrowings under the ABL Credit Agreement is subject to acceleration upon the occurrence of specified defaults or events of default, including (i) failure to pay principal or interest, (ii) the inaccuracy of any representation or warranty of a loan party, (iii) failure by a loan party to perform certain covenants, (iv) defaults under indebtedness owed to third parties, (v) certain liability producing events relating to ERISA, (vi) the invalidity or impairment of the Agent’s lien on its collateral or of any applicable guarantee, and (vii) certain adverse bankruptcy-related and other events.
Interest on indebtedness under the Revolving A Credit Facility accrues at a variable rate based on a grid with the highest interest rate being the applicable LIBOR-based rate plus a margin of 3.0%, as set forth in the ABL Credit Agreement. Interest on indebtedness under the Revolving B Credit Facility accrues at a rate of 12.0% per annum, which will be paid in kind unless the Company elects to pay such interest in cash and the Revolving B payment conditions specified in the ABL Credit Agreement are satisfied. Additionally, the Company must pay a monthly facility fee equal to the product of (i) 0.25% per annum (or, if the average daily revolving facility usage is less than 50% of the maximum revolving advance amount, 0.375% per annum) multiplied by (ii) the amount by which the maximum revolving advance amount exceeds such average daily revolving facility usage for such month.
The weighted average interest rate on outstanding borrowings under the Revolving A Credit Facility for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the three months ended March 31, 2019 was 4.71% and 5.57%, respectively. The weighted average facility fee for each such quarter was 0.25%. The Company pays certain customary recurring fees with respect to the ABL Credit Agreement. Interest expense related to the Revolving B Credit Facility of $782 and $686 was paid in kind in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the three months ended March 31, 2019, respectively.
The ABL Credit Agreement includes negative covenants customary for an asset-based revolving loan. Such covenants include limitations on the ability of the Borrowers to, among other things, (i) effect mergers and consolidations, (ii) sell assets, (iii) create or suffer to exist any lien, (iv) make certain investments, (v) incur debt and (vi) transact with affiliates. In addition, the ABL Credit Agreement includes customary affirmative covenants for an asset-based revolving loan, including covenants regarding the delivery of financial statements, reports and notices to the Agent. The ABL Credit Agreement also contains customary representations and warranties and event of default provisions for a secured term loan.
The Company's ABL Credit Agreement contains a springing financial maintenance covenant requiring the Company to maintain a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of 1.0 to 1.0 in any Covenant Testing Period (as defined in the ABL Credit Agreement) when the Company's cash liquidity (as defined in the ABL Credit Agreement) is less than $12,500. The Company is not in a Covenant Testing Period as of March 31, 2020.
Unamortized debt issuance costs of $255 associated with the ABL Credit Agreement were recorded as a reduction in long-term debt as of March 31, 2020.
Convertible Senior Secured Notes
On March 27, 2020, the Company completed an exchange offer and consent solicitation (the “Exchange Offer”) to issue its New Notes and shares of its common stock in exchange for its Existing Notes, including any accrued and
unpaid interest on the Existing Notes as of the date in which the Exchange Offer was completed. Pursuant to the terms of the Exchange Offer, $190,200 in aggregate principal amount of the Existing Notes were tendered and accepted and in exchange, the Company issued $95,135 in aggregate principal amount of its New Notes and 70,261 shares of its common stock. The New Notes are guaranteed on a senior basis by all current and future domestic subsidiaries (other than those designated as "unrestricted subsidiaries") of the Company (the "Guarantors"). Holders of the Existing Notes who did not tender into this Exchange Offer will retain their Existing Notes. An aggregate principal amount of Existing Notes in the amount of $3,693 were not tendered and remained outstanding at the date of Exchange Offer.
The New Notes have substantially the same terms that the Existing Notes had prior to the completion of the Exchange Offer except for the following primary differences: (i) the New Notes are not exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and have the benefit of registration rights to the holders of the New Notes, (ii) the interest on the New Notes accrues at the rate of 3.00% per annum if paid in cash and at the rate of 5.00% per annum if paid in kind, compared to interest on the Existing Notes, which accrues at the rate of 5.00% per annum if paid in cash and at the rate of 7.00% per annum if paid in kind, and (iii) the New Notes have a maturity date of August 31, 2024, compared to the Existing Notes, which have a maturity date of August 31, 2022.
In conjunction with the Exchange Offer, on March 27, 2020, the Company, the guarantors of the Existing Notes and the trustee for the Existing Notes entered into a supplemental indenture to the indenture governing the Existing Notes (the “Existing Indenture”) to provide for, among other things, the elimination or amendment of substantially all of the restrictive covenants, the release of all collateral securing the Company’s obligations under the Existing Indenture, and the modification of certain of the events of default and various other provisions contained in the Existing Indenture (the "Supplemental Indenture").
Also on March 27, 2020, PNC (in its capacity as “First Lien Agent”), the trustee for the Existing Notes and the Company and certain of its subsidiaries executed an intercreditor agreement (the “New Intercreditor Agreement”) providing for the lien priority of the first lien facility over the New Notes. The terms and conditions of the New Intercreditor Agreement are substantially consistent with those applicable to the intercreditor agreement between the First Lien Agent and the trustee for the Existing Notes prior to the completion of the Exchange Offer (the “Existing Intercreditor Agreement”). PNC and the trustee for the Existing Notes also entered into an amendment of the Existing Intercreditor Agreement to, among other things, remove certain limitations and rights of the Existing Notes with respect to the first lien facility.
The New Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture (the “New Notes Indenture”), which the Company and the Guarantors entered into with Wilmington Savings Fund Society, FSB, as trustee and collateral agent ("Indenture Agent"), on March 27, 2020. The New Notes are, secured by a lien on all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, its domestic subsidiaries and certain of its foreign subsidiaries, which lien the Indenture Agent has agreed will be junior to the lien of the Agent under the ABL Credit Agreement.
The New Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at any time at the initial conversion price of $0.46 per share, which rate is subject to adjustment as set forth in the New Notes Indenture. Under the New Notes Indenture, upon the conversion of the New Notes in connection with a Fundamental Change (as defined in the New Notes Indenture), for each $1.00 principal amount of the New Notes, that number of shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon conversion shall equal the greater of (a) $1.00 divided by the then applicable conversion price or (b) $1.00 divided by the price paid per share of the Company's common stock in connection with such Fundamental Change calculated in accordance with the New Notes Indenture, subject to other provisions of the New Notes Indenture. Subject to certain exceptions, under the New Notes Indenture a “Fundamental Change” includes, but is not limited to, the following: (i) the acquisition of more than 50% of the voting power of the Company’s common equity by a “person” or “group” within the meaning of Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; (ii) the consummation of any recapitalization, reclassification, share exchange, consolidation or merger of the Company pursuant to which the Company’s common stock will be converted into cash, securities or other property; (iii) the “Continuing Directors” (as defined in the New Notes Indenture) cease to constitute at least a majority of the board of directors; and (iv) the approval of any plan or proposal for the liquidation or dissolution of the Company by the Company’s stockholders.
The Existing Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at any time at the initial conversion price of $3.77 per share, which rate is subject to adjustment as set forth in the Supplemental Indenture. Under the Supplemental Indenture, the conversion of the Existing Notes in connection with a Fundamental Change (as defined in the Supplemental Indenture) is substantially the same as under the New Notes Indenture, other than the applicable conversion price.
Upon conversion of the New Notes and/or the Existing Notes, the Company will pay and/or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election, together with cash in lieu of fractional shares. The value of shares of the Company’s common stock for purposes of the settlement of the conversion right, if the Company elects to settle in cash, will be calculated as provided in the New Notes Indenture or Supplemental Indenture, as applicable, using a 20 trading day observation period.
As discussed previously, the New Notes are convertible into` common stock at the option of the holder. The Company determined that the conversion option is not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the New Notes, nor does the conversion option meet the own equity scope exception as the Company does not currently have sufficient authorized and unissued common stock shares to satisfy the maximum number of common stock shares that could be required to be issued upon conversion. As a result, the Company concluded that the embedded conversion option must be bifurcated from the New Notes, separately valued, and accounted for as a derivative liability. The initial value allocated to the derivative liability was $38,962, with a corresponding reduction in the carrying value of the New Notes. During each reporting period, the derivative liability, which is classified in long-term debt, will be marked to fair value through earnings. If the Company receives shareholder approval for the increase in the number of shares of common stock authorized and available for issuance upon conversion of the New Notes so the conversion option can be share-settled in full, the conversion option is expected to qualify for equity classification and the bifurcated derivative liability will no longer need to be accounted for as a separate derivative on a prospective basis from the date of reassessment. Any remaining debt discount that arose at the date of debt issuance from the original bifurcation will continue to be amortized through interest expense.
The New Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, by certain subsidiaries of the Company. The New Notes and the related guarantees are secured by a lien on substantially all of the Company’s and the guarantors’ assets, subject to certain exceptions pursuant to certain collateral documents pursuant to the New Notes Indenture. The terms of the New Notes contain numerous covenants imposing financial and operating restrictions on the Company's business. These covenants place restrictions on the Company’s ability and the ability of its subsidiaries to, among other things, pay dividends, redeem stock or make other distributions or restricted payments; incur indebtedness or issue certain stock; make certain investments; create liens; agree to certain payment restrictions affecting certain subsidiaries; sell or otherwise transfer or dispose assets; enter into transactions with affiliates; and enter into sale and leaseback transactions.
Neither the New Notes nor the Existing Notes may be redeemed by the Company in whole or in part at any time prior to maturity, except the Company may be required to make an offer to purchase the New Notes using the proceeds of certain material asset sales involving the Company or one of its restricted subsidiaries, as described more particularly in the New Notes Indenture. In addition, if a Fundamental Change (as defined in the New Notes Indenture and the Supplemental Indenture, as applicable) occurs at any time, each holder of any New Notes or Existing Notes has the right to require the Company to repurchase such holder’s notes for cash at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon, subject to certain exceptions.
The Company must use the net proceeds of material sales of collateral, which proceeds are not used for other permissible purposes, to make an offer of repurchase to holders of the New Notes. Indebtedness for borrowings under the New Notes Indenture and the Supplemental Indenture is subject to acceleration upon the occurrence of specified defaults or events of default as set forth under each such indenture, including failure to pay principal or interest, the inaccuracy of any representation or warranty of any obligor, failure by an obligor to perform certain covenants, the invalidity or impairment of the Agent’s lien on its collateral under the New Notes Indenture, the invalidity or impairment of any applicable guarantee, and certain adverse bankruptcy-related and other events.
Upon satisfaction of certain conditions more particularly described in the New Notes Indenture, including the deposit in trust of cash or securities sufficient to pay the principal of and interest and any premium on the New Notes, the Company may effect a covenant defeasance of certain of the covenants imposing financial and operating restrictions on the Company’s business. In addition, and subject to certain exceptions as more particularly described in the New Notes Indenture, the Company may amend, supplement or waive provisions of the New Notes Indenture with the consent of holders representing a majority in aggregate principal amount of the New Notes, and may in effect release collateral from the liens securing the New Notes with the consent of holders representing 66.67% in aggregate principal amount of the New Notes.
Interest on the New Notes accrues at the rate of 3.00% per annum if paid in cash and at the rate of 5.00% per annum if paid in kind, payable quarterly beginning with the quarter ending June 30, 2020. Interest on the Existing Notes continues to accrue at the rate of 5.00% per annum if paid in cash and at the rate of 7.00% per annum if paid
in kind, payable quarterly. Pursuant to the terms of both the New Notes Indenture and the Supplemental Indenture, the Company is currently paying interest on both the New Notes and the Existing Notes in kind. Interest expense related to the Existing Notes of $65 and $3,166 was paid in kind in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the three months ended March 31, 2019, respectively.
The Company determined that the Exchange Offer was considered to be a troubled debt restructuring within the scope of ASC No. 470-60, "Debt-Troubled Debt Restructurings". Accordingly, for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, the Company has expensed legal and other direct costs incurred in conjunction with the Exchange Offer in the amount of $737 in "Selling, general and administrative expenses" in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss and recognized additional legal and other direct costs incurred also in the amount for $737 as a decrease to additional paid-in capital for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.
Short-term borrowings
The Company's French subsidiary is party to a local credit facility under which it may borrow against 100% of the eligible accounts receivable factored, with recourse, up to 6,500 Euros. The French subsidiary is charged a factoring fee of 0.16% of the gross amount of accounts receivable factored. Local currency borrowings on the French subsidiary's credit facility are charged interest at the daily 3-months Euribor rate plus a 1.0% margin and U.S dollar borrowings on the credit facility are 3-months LIBOR plus a 1.0% margin. The French subsidiary utilizes the local credit facility to support its operating cash needs. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the French subsidiary had borrowings of $2,277 and $2,888, respectively, under the local credit facility.