The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”), which was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020 and declared a National Emergency by the President of the United States on March 13, 2020, has led to adverse impacts on the United States and global economies and created uncertainty regarding potential impacts on the Company’s operating results, financial condition and cash flows. On May 11, 2023, the federal public health emergency for COVID-19, declared under Section 319 of the Public Health Service Act, expired.

The Company has not incurred any significant impairment losses in the carrying values of the Company’s assets as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and is not aware of any specific related event or circumstance that would require the Company to revise its estimates reflected in its Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company will continue to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its industry and the Company and has concluded that while it is possible that the virus could have a future negative effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows in its Consolidated Financial Statements, the specific future impact is not readily determinable as of the date of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company’s financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Throughout 2022 and 2023, various central banks around the world, including the Federal Reserve in the United States, raised interest rates. While these rate increases have not had a significant adverse impact on the Company to date, the impact of such rate increases on the overall financial markets and the economy may adversely impact the Company in the future. In addition, the global economy has experienced and is continuing to experience high levels of inflation and global supply chain disruptions. The Company continues to monitor these supply chain, inflation and interest rate factors, as well as the uncertainty resulting from the overall economic environment.

Although the Company was not significantly impacted by the conflicts in Ukraine or Israel and Gaza, the Company has experienced some constraints in product and material availability and increasing costs required to obtain some materials and supplies as a result of these conflicts on the global economy. To date, the business has not been materially impacted by the conflicts, however, as the conflicts continue or worsen, it may impact the business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s marketable securities consist of mutual funds, U.S. Treasury securities and commercial paper. As of December 31, 2022, substantially all of the Company’s marketable securities were invested in fixed income mutual funds at one financial institution. For further information regarding realized losses related to marketable securities please refer to Note 5. Investments in Marketable Securities. The Company also maintains balances in certain operating accounts above federally insured limits and, as a result, the Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of default by the financial institutions to the extent account balances exceed the amount insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

The Company sources certain key materials and components utilized in the Company’s products from single or limited suppliers. Historically, the Company has not experienced significant issues sourcing these materials and components. However, if these suppliers were not able to supply the requested amount of materials or components, it could take a considerable length of time to obtain alternative sources, which could affect the Company’s development efforts and commercial operations.

The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts recorded in its Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates these estimates and assumptions. Significant estimates and assumptions include:

The Company bases these estimates on historical and anticipated results and trends and on various other assumptions the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances, including assumptions as to future events. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and any such differences may be material to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

For the Company’s international operations, the local currency has been determined to be the functional currency. The results of its non-U.S. dollar-based operations are translated to U.S. dollars at the average exchange rates during the period. Assets and liabilities are translated at the rate of exchange prevailing on the balance sheet date. Equity is translated at the prevailing rate of exchange at the date of the equity transaction. The translational effects of revaluing non-functional currency assets and liabilities were immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

The Company realizes foreign currency gains/(losses) in the normal course of business based on movement in the applicable exchange rates. These transactional gains/(losses) are included as a component of Other expense, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, there was no material effect of foreign currency translation and transactions on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Accounts receivable, net are stated at the amount the Company expects to collect from customers based on their outstanding invoices. The Company reviews accounts receivable regularly to determine if any receivable may not be collectible. The Company estimates the amount of the allowance for doubtful accounts necessary to reduce accounts receivable to its estimated net realizable value by analyzing the status of significant past due receivables and current and historical bad debt trends. The Company writes off accounts receivable against the allowance when it determines a balance is uncollectible and ceases collection efforts. The Company did not write off any accounts receivable balances during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s marketable securities were classified as available-for-sale securities. Available-for-sale marketable securities are carried at fair value, with the unrealized holding gains and losses, net of income taxes, reflected in accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income until realized. Unrealized gains and losses related to the available-for-sale securities were immaterial for the year ended December 31, 2023. There were no such unrealized gains and losses for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Regardless of the intent to sell a security, the Company performs additional analysis on all securities with unrealized losses to evaluate losses associated with the creditworthiness of the security. Credit losses are recorded when the Company does not expect to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the amortized cost basis of a security. For the purposes of computing realized and unrealized gains and losses, cost and fair value are determined on a specific identification basis.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s investments in marketable securities were classified as trading securities and consisted of ownership interests in fixed income mutual funds. The trading securities are stated at fair value, as determined by quoted market prices. As the securities have readily determinable fair value, unrealized gains and losses are recorded as Other expense, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Subsequent gains or losses realized upon redemption or sale of these securities are also recorded as Other expense, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value with cost determined using the first-in, first-out method. Materials that may be utilized for either commercial or, alternatively, for research and development purposes, are classified as inventory. Amounts in inventory used for research and development purposes are charged to research and development expense when the product enters the research and development process and can no longer be used for commercial purposes and, therefore, does not have an “alternative future use” as defined in authoritative guidance.

Prepaid expenses and other current assets include amounts paid in advance for operating expenses as well as monies to be received from the State of Connecticut for research and development tax credits. These research and development tax credits are exchanged for a cash refund and are typically collected within one year from the date the tax return is filed with the state. The credits are recognized as an offset to research and development expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss in the annual period the corresponding expenses were incurred.

Expenditures for major renewals and improvements are capitalized. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Costs for property and equipment not yet placed into service have been recorded as construction in process and will be depreciated in accordance with the above guidelines once placed into service. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost of these assets and related accumulated depreciation and amortization is eliminated from the balance sheet, and any resulting gains or losses are included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss in the period of disposal.

The Company capitalizes certain internal use software development costs related to its SaaS platform incurred during the application development stage when management with the relevant authority authorizes and commits to the funding of the project, it is probable the project will be completed, and the software will be used as intended. The Company also capitalizes costs related to specific upgrades and enhancements when it is probable the expenditure will result in additional functionality. Costs related to preliminary project activities and to post-implementation activities are expensed as incurred. Internal use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, which is generally two years. Management evaluates the useful lives of these assets on an annual basis and tests for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of the assets. Capitalized costs are recorded as Internally developed software in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amortization expense related to internally developed software was $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. There was no internally developed software or related amortization expense recorded for the years ended December 2022 or 2021.

The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment when the Company determines a triggering event has occurred. When a triggering event has occurred, each impairment test is based on a comparison of the future expected undiscounted cash flows to the recorded value of the asset. If the recorded value of the asset is less than the undiscounted cash flows, the asset is written down to its estimated fair value. No impairments were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021.

The Company’s leases generally do not have a readily determinable implicit discount rate. As such, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date to determine the present value of the lease payments. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is the estimated rate that would be required to pay for a collateralized borrowing equal to the total lease payment over the lease term. The Company measures right-of-use (“ROU”) assets based on the corresponding lease liability adjusted for (i) payments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date, (ii) initial direct costs incurred and (iii) tenant incentives under the lease. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term for operating leases. Finance leases will result in a front-loaded expense pattern. With respect to finance leases, amortization of the ROU asset is presented separately from interest expense related to the finance lease liability. In addition, the Company does not have significant residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants in the lease portfolio.

Certain of the Company’s lease agreements contain tenant improvement incentives and allowances, rent holidays, or rent escalation clauses. For tenant improvement incentives, if the incentive is determined to be a leasehold improvement owned by the lessee and the Company is reasonably certain to use the incentive, the Company generally records the incentive as a reduction to the fixed lease payments liability as a reduction to lease cost. Reimbursable construction costs incurred are recorded as leasehold improvements and are amortized over the term of the lease. The Company records rental expense related to rent holidays and rent escalation clauses on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The Company uses the date of initial possession as the commencement date for lease incentives, which is generally when the Company is given right of access to the space and begins to make improvements in preparation for intended use.

Upon inception, leases are evaluated and classified as operating or finance for financial reporting purposes. Operating leases that are short term in nature and have month-to-month payment terms are expensed as incurred in Research and development expenses or in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The Company’s lease agreements contain variable lease costs for common area maintenance, utilities, taxes and insurance, which are expensed as incurred.

In order to test goodwill for impairment, an entity is permitted to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether a quantitative assessment of goodwill is necessary. The qualitative factors considered by the Company may include, but are not limited to, general economic conditions, the Company’s outlook, market performance of the Company’s industry and recent and forecasted financial performance. If a quantitative assessment is required, the Company determines the fair value of its reporting unit using a combination of the income and market approaches. If the net book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company recognizes a goodwill impairment charge for the reporting unit equal to the lesser of (i) the total goodwill allocated to that reporting unit and (ii) the amount by which that reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value.

Majelac Technologies LLC (“Majelac”) was fully integrated into the Company after the acquisition. As a result, the Company operates as a single reporting unit. Accordingly, all of the goodwill is associated with the entire Company. The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test during the fourth quarter of 2022 quantitatively evaluating its reporting unit. The Company determined the fair value of its reporting unit using a combination of the income and market approaches. The Company placed a 100% weighting on the market approach method, as the results of the income approach were not representative of the fair value of the Company. The determination of fair value using a market approach requires management to make significant assumptions related to the determination of an appropriate group of peer companies, and market revenue multiples from within the selected group of peer companies. As of October 1, 2022, the carrying value of the net asset of the Company’s reporting unit exceeded its enterprise wide fair value and the Company recognized a goodwill impairment charge, fully impairing goodwill of $9.5 million in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the year ended December 31, 2022. There was no impairment of goodwill recorded for the years ended December 31, 2023 or 2021.

The Company’s outstanding warrants include publicly traded warrants (the “Public Warrants”) which were issued as one-third of one redeemable warrant per unit issued during HighCape’s initial public offering on September 9, 2020, and warrants sold in a private placement (the “Private Warrants”) to HighCape’s sponsor, HighCape Capital Acquisition LLC (the “Sponsor”). The Public Warrants and Private Warrants meet the definition of a derivative and the Company recorded these warrants as long-term liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value upon the Closing of the Business Combination, with subsequent changes in their respective fair values recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss at each reporting date. For further discussion related to the Public Warrants and Private Warrants, please refer to Note 14. Warrant Liabilities.

The Company classified the Series A, Series B, Series C, Series D, and Series E Convertible Preferred Stock (“Convertible Preferred Stock”) as mezzanine equity. The Convertible Preferred Stock was recorded outside of stockholders’ equity (deficit) because the Convertible Preferred Stock included a redemption provision upon a change of control, which was deemed a liquidation event that was considered outside the Company’s control. The Convertible Preferred Stock was recorded at their original issue price, net of issuance costs. Subsequent adjustments to increase or decrease the carrying values to their respective liquidation prices were made when the change of control occurred in June 2021.

The Company’s revenue is derived from sales of products and services. Product revenue is primarily generated from the sales of instruments and consumables used in protein sequencing and analysis. Service revenue is primarily generated from service maintenance contracts including access to analysis software and advanced training for instrument use. The Company recognizes revenue when or as a customer obtains control of the promised goods and services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for these goods and services. This process involves identifying the contract with a customer, determining the performance obligations in the contract, determining the contract price, allocating the contract price to the distinct performance obligations in the contract, and recognizing revenue as the performance obligations have been satisfied. The Company has made the accounting policy election allowed for under ASC 606-10-32-2A to exclude all sales taxes from transaction price. Revenue recognition for contracts with multiple deliverables is based on the separate satisfaction of each distinct performance obligation within the contract. A performance obligation is considered distinct from other obligations in a contract when it provides a benefit to the customer either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and is separately identified in the contract. The Company allocates transaction price to the performance obligations in a contract with a customer based on the relative standalone selling price of each performance obligation. The Company determines standalone selling price based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the standalone selling price is not observable through past transactions, the Company estimates the standalone selling price taking into account available information and specific factors such as competitive positioning, internal costs, profit objectives, and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligation.

The Company considers performance obligation for sales of products satisfied upon shipment of the goods to the customer in accordance with the shipping terms (either upon shipment or delivery), which is when control of the product is deemed to be transferred; this includes instruments and consumables. Customers generally do not have a right to return products, except for defective or damaged products during the warranty period or unless prior written consent is provided. In instances where right of payment or transfer of title is contingent upon the customer’s acceptance of the product, revenue is deferred until all acceptance criteria have been met. Revenues for service maintenance contracts, which start after the first year of purchase and are considered as service type warranties that effectively extend the standard first-year service coverage at the customer’s option are recognized ratably over the contract service period as these services are performed evenly over time. Revenues for advanced training is recognized at a point in time upon satisfaction of the underlying performance obligation. The Company typically provides a standard one-year warranty which covers defects in materials, workmanship and manufacturing or performance conditions under normal use and service. The first year of the warranty of the products is considered an assurance-type warranty and is recorded as Cost of revenue within the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The Company has determined the standard first-year warranty is not a distinct performance obligation.

The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by type of revenue. The Company believes product revenue and service revenue aggregate the payor types by nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of its revenue streams. Total revenue generated from domestic and international sales was $0.8 million and $0.3 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2023. There was no revenue generated from domestic or international sales for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Deferred revenue primarily consists of billings and payments received in advance of revenue recognition from service maintenance contracts including software subscription and advanced training, and is reduced as the revenue recognition criteria are met. Deferred revenue also includes advanced training provided to customers until the service has been performed. Deferred revenue that will be recognized as revenue within the succeeding 12-month period is recorded as current and is included within Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The portion of deferred revenue where revenue is expected to be recognized beyond 12 months from the reporting date is recorded as non-current deferred revenue and is included in Other long-term liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had deferred revenue of $0.1 million included within Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2023, amounts included within Other long-term liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets were immaterial. The Company expects to recognize approximately 80% of its remaining performance obligations as revenue for the year ending December 31, 2024.

Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel costs and benefits, stock-based compensation, patent and filing fees, consulting and professional services, legal and accounting services, facilities costs, depreciation and amortization expense, insurance and office expenses, product advertising and marketing. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expenses were $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Advertising expenses were immaterial for the year ended December 31, 2022. There were no advertising expenses for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares plus the common equivalent shares of the period, including any dilutive effect from such shares. The Company’s diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share for all periods presented, since the effect of potentially dilutive securities is anti-dilutive. For further discussion, please refer to Note 13. Net Loss Per Share.

Stock-based compensation expense for stock option grants with only service conditions is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the individual grants, which is generally the vesting period, based on the estimated grant date fair values. Stock-based compensation expense for stock option grants subject to non-financing event performance conditions on an accelerated basis is recognized as though each vesting portion of the award was, in substance, a separate award.

Prior to the Business Combination, the fair value of the shares of common stock underlying stock options had historically been determined by the Board, with input from management and contemporaneous third-party valuations, as there was no public market for the common stock. Given the absence of a public trading market for the Company’s common stock, the Board exercised reasonable judgment and considered numerous objective and subjective factors to determine the best estimate of the fair value of the Company’s common stock at each option grant date.

After the completion of the Business Combination, the Company measures compensation expense for stock-based awards to employees, non-employees and directors based upon the awards’ initial grant-date fair values. Stock-based compensation expense for stock options, restricted stock units and performance awards is recorded over the requisite service period. For awards with only a service condition, the Company expenses stock-based compensation using the straight-line method over the requisite service period for the entire award. For awards with a market condition, the Company expenses the grant date fair value at the target over the vesting period regardless of the value the award recipients ultimately receive. The fair value of restricted stock without a market condition is estimated using the current market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of stock option grants with a market condition is estimated at the date of grant using the Monte Carlo simulation model (“Monte Carlo”). The fair values of stock option grants are estimated as of the date of grant by applying the Black-Scholes option valuation model (“Black-Scholes”). The Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo models incorporate assumptions as to stock price volatility, the expected life of options or restricted stock, a risk-free interest rate and dividend yield. The effect of forfeiture in compensation costs is recognized based on actual forfeitures when they occur.

Black-Scholes is affected by the stock price on the date of the grant as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include the expected term of the option, expected risk-free interest rate, the expected volatility of common stock, and expected dividend yield; each of which is described below. The assumptions for expected term and expected volatility are the two assumptions that significantly affect the grant date fair value.

The Company utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using the enacted statutory tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is established against net deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not some or all of the net deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the financial statements by applying a two-step process to determine the amount of tax benefit to be recognized. First, the tax position must be evaluated to determine the likelihood it will be sustained upon external examination by the taxing authorities. If the tax position is deemed more-likely-than-not-to be sustained, the tax position is then assessed to determine the amount of benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The amount of the benefit that may be recognized is the largest amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The provision for income taxes includes the effects of any resulting tax reserves or unrecognized tax benefits that are considered appropriate, as well as the related net interest and penalties, as applicable. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had gross unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $1.4 million and $0 million, respectively. The Company did not accrue interest or penalties associated with any uncertain tax positions, and no interest or penalties were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which expands income tax disclosure requirements to include additional information related to the rate reconciliation of effective tax rates to statutory rates, as well as additional disaggregation of taxes paid in both U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 also remove disclosures related to certain unrecognized tax benefits and deferred taxes. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2024. The amendments may be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the effect ASU 2023-09 may have on its Consolidated Financial Statements.