N-2/A 1 tm2034110d8_n2a.htm N-2/A

 

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 12, 2022

Securities Act File No. 333-238499

Investment Company Act File No. 811-23573

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

 

 

 

FORM N-2

 

 

 

(CHECK APPROPRIATE BOX OR BOXES)

 

x REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

xPRE-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 3

x REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940

x AMENDMENT NO. 3

 

 

 

CALAMOS-AVENUE OPPORTUNITIES FUND

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

 

 

2020 Calamos Court

Naperville, Illinois 60563

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

 

 

 

Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code: (630) 245-7200

 

J. Christopher Jackson

Calamos Avenue Management, LLC

2020 Calamos Court

Naperville, Illinois 60563
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

 

 

 

Copies to:

 

Todd Greenbarg

Avenue Capital Group

11 West 42nd Street, 9th Floor

New York, NY 10036

 

Richard Horowitz, Esq.
Dechert LLP
1095 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10036

 

 

 

Approximate Date of Commencement of Proposed Public Offering:

As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

 

¨Check box if the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans.

 

xCheck box if any securities being registered on this Form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”), other than securities offered in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans.

 

¨Check box if this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction A.2 or a post-effective amendment thereto.

 

¨Check box if this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction B or a post-effective amendment thereto that will become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act.

 

¨Check box if this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction B to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act.

 

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):

 

x when declared effective pursuant to section 8(c) of the Securities Act

 

Check each box that appropriately characterizes the Registrant:

 

x Registered Closed-End Fund (closed-end company that is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Investment Company Act”)).

 

¨ Business Development Company (closed-end company that intends or has elected to be regulated as a business development company under the Investment Company Act.

 

x Interval Fund (Registered Closed-End Fund or a Business Development Company that makes periodic repurchase offers under Rule 23c-3 under the Investment Company Act).

 

¨ A.2 Qualified (qualified to register securities pursuant to General Instruction A.2 of this Form).

 

¨ Well-Known Seasoned Issuer (as defined by Rule 405 under the Securities Act).

 

¨ Emerging Growth Company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934).

 

¨ If an Emerging Growth Company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.

 

¨ New Registrant (registered or regulated under the Investment Company Act for less than 12 calendar months preceding this filing).

 

 

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

Title of Securities Being Registered 

Amount Being

Registered

  

Proposed

Maximum

Offering

Price per

Unit(1)

  

Proposed

Maximum

Aggregate

Offering Price(1)

  

Amount of

Registration

Fee (2)

 
Common Shares of Beneficial Interest   50,000,000   $10   $500,000,000   $46,350 

 

(1)Estimated pursuant to Rule 457 solely for the purpose of determining the registration fee. The proposed maximum offering price per security will be determined, from time to time, by the Registrant in connection with the sale by the Registrant of the securities registered under this Registration Statement.

 

(2)Includes $129.80 previously paid in connection with the initial filing of this Registration Statement.

 

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 

 

 

Preliminary Prospectus

Dated January 12, 2022

Subject to Completion

 

The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer is not permitted.

 

PROSPECTUS

 

CALAMOS-AVENUE OPPORTUNITIES FUND

SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST

 

Class A Shares

Class C Shares

Class I Shares

Class M Shares

 

[ ], 2022

 

Calamos-Avenue Opportunities Fund (the “Fund”) is a recently organized Delaware statutory trust that is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), as a diversified, closed-end management investment company that is operated as an interval fund. The Fund is offering through this prospectus four separate classes of shares of beneficial interest (“Shares”) designated as Class A (“Class A Shares”), Class C (“Class C Shares”), Class I (“Class I Shares”) and Class M (“Class M Shares”).

 

Investment Objective. The Fund’s investment objective is to generate attractive risk-adjusted total returns, comprised of both capital appreciation and current income, by opportunistically investing in a global portfolio of proprietary credit opportunities and other primarily illiquid debt instruments, complemented by liquid credit and alternative investment strategies to enhance the risk and liquidity profile of the Fund. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

 

Interval Fund. The Fund is designed primarily for long-term investors and not as a trading vehicle. The Fund is an “interval fund” (defined below) pursuant to which it, subject to applicable law, will conduct semi-annual repurchase offers for between 5% and 25% of the Fund’s outstanding Shares at net asset value (“NAV”). Under normal market conditions, the Fund currently intends to repurchase 5% of its outstanding shares at NAV on a semi-annual basis. In connection with any given repurchase offer, it is possible that a repurchase offer may be oversubscribed, with the result that Fund shareholders (“Shareholders”) may only be able to have a portion of their Shares repurchased. The Fund does not currently intend to list its Shares for trading on any national securities exchange. The Shares are, therefore, not readily marketable. Even though the Fund will make semi-annual repurchase offers to repurchase a portion of the Shares to try to provide liquidity to shareholders, you should consider the Shares to have limited liquidity. See “Types of Investments and Related Risks – Repurchase Offers” beginning on page 44 of this prospectus.

 

The Board of Trustees (the “Board”) will establish the deadline by which the Fund must receive repurchase requests in response to a repurchase offer. Semi-annual repurchases will occur in the months of March and September. Semi-annual repurchases shall commence no later than two calendar quarters after the Fund’s initial effective date. Written notification of each semi-annual repurchase offer (the “Repurchase Offer Notice”) is sent to Shareholders at least 21 calendar days before the repurchase request deadline (i.e., the date by which Shareholders can tender their Shares in response to a repurchase offer) (the “Repurchase Request Deadline”); however, the Fund will seek to provide such written notification earlier but no more than 42 calendar days before the Repurchase Request Deadline. The NAV will be calculated on the Repurchase Pricing Date, which will be no later than the 14th calendar day (or the next business day if the 14th calendar day is not a business day) after the Repurchase Request Deadline (the “Repurchase Pricing Date”). The Fund will distribute payment to Shareholders within seven calendar days after the Repurchase Pricing Date. See “Share Repurchase Program” beginning on page 57 of this prospectus.

 

 

 

Principal Investment Strategies. The Fund will seek to achieve its investment objective by dynamically investing across multiple strategies and a wide range of securities throughout the global credit spectrum, including proprietary specialty lending opportunities, event-driven special situations, compelling high-yield corporate credits, and hybrid securities with attractive risk-return characteristics. The Fund will employ a value-oriented approach to assemble a diverse portfolio of liquid and illiquid debt holdings, each with different drivers of risk and return to help mitigate overall volatility and limit the potential adverse impact of any one holding on the performance of the portfolio. The Fund’s flexible mandate will allow it to take advantage of compelling investment opportunities, whenever and wherever they present themselves.

 

Under normal circumstances, the Fund intends to invest the majority of its assets in debt and debt related securities. The Fund will allocate its investment in credit instruments across any of the following: (a) specialty lending (including direct private first lien loans, second lien loans, unitranche loans and mezzanine debt); (b) event-driven special situations (including distressed credit, stressed credit, and restructurings); (c) corporate debt instruments (including broadly syndicated loans, high-yield bonds, investments in unpaid debts of bankrupt companies (“trade claims”) and investment grade bonds); and (d) hybrid securities (including convertible debt and preferred equity securities).

 

Although actual exposure to any given strategy may vary over time, under normal circumstances, the remainder of the Fund will be allocated to one or more liquid alternative investment strategies. These diversifying strategies will seek to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns, further enhance the portfolio’s downside protection, and improve the overall liquidity profile of the Fund.

 

The Fund may invest in additional strategies in the future. The Fund may invest a substantial portion of its assets in credit instruments that are rated below investment grade by rating agencies or would be rated below investment grade if they were rated. Credit instruments that are rated below investment grade (commonly referred to as “high yield” securities or “junk bonds”) are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Because of the risks associated with investing in high yield securities, an investment in the Fund should be considered speculative. Some of the credit instruments will have no credit rating at all.

 

Unlisted Closed-End Fund. An investment in the Fund is subject to, among others, the following risks:

 

·There is not expected to be any secondary trading market in the Shares. Thus, an investment in the Fund may not be suitable for investors who may need the money they invest in a specified timeframe.

·Unlike most closed-end funds, the Shares are not listed on any securities exchange. The Fund will provide liquidity through semi-annual offers to repurchase a limited amount of the Fund’s Shares (at least 5%).

·Shareholders should not expect to be able to sell their Shares in a secondary market transaction regardless of how the Fund performs. An investment in the Fund is considered to be of limited liquidity.

· An investor will pay a sales load of up to 5.75% on the amounts it invests in Class A Shares. If you pay the maximum aggregate 5.75% for sales load, you must experience a total return on your net investment of 6.11% in order to recover these expenses.

·There is no assurance that quarterly distributions paid by the Fund will be maintained at the targeted level or that dividends will be paid at all.

·The Fund’s distributions may be funded from unlimited amounts of offering proceeds or borrowings, which may constitute a return of capital and reduce the amount of capital available to the Fund for investment. Any capital returned to Shareholders through distributions will be distributed after payment of fees and expenses.

·A return of capital to Shareholders is a return of a portion of their original investment in the Fund, thereby reducing the tax basis of their investment. As a result from such reduction in tax basis, Shareholders may be subject to tax in connection with the sale of Fund Shares, even if such Shares are sold at a loss relative to the Shareholder’s original investment.

·The Fund’s distributions may result from expense reimbursements from the Fund’s investment advisor Calamos Avenue Management, LLC (“CAM” or the “Advisor”), which are subject to repayment by the Fund. Shareholders should understand that any such distributions are not based on the Fund’s investment performance, and can only be sustained if the Fund achieves positive investment performance in future periods and/or CAM continues to make such expense reimbursements. Shareholders should also understand that the Fund’s future repayments will reduce the distributions that a Shareholder would otherwise receive.

 

ii

 

 

Investing in Shares involves a high degree of risk. See “Types of Investments and Related Risks” beginning on page 22 of this prospectus and “Types of Investments and Related Risks – Use of Leverage: Risk of Borrowing by the Fund” beginning on page 28 of this prospectus.

 

 

The date of this prospectus is [ ], 2022.

 

iii

 

 

    Per Class
 A Share
  Per Class 
C Share
  Per Class 
I Share
  Per Class
 M Share
  Total(1)
Public Offering Price   $ At current NAV, plus sales charge   $ At current NAV   $ At current NAV   $ At current NAV   Up to $500,000,000
Sales Load(1)   Up to 5.75%         N/A
Proceeds to the Fund (Before Expenses)(2)   $ Amount invested at current NAV   $ Amount invested at current NAV   $ Amount invested at current NAV   $ Amount invested at current NAV   Up to $500,000,000

 

 

(1) Generally, the stated minimum initial investment by an investor in the Fund is $2,500 with respect to Class A Shares and Class C Shares, $1,000,000,000 for Class I Shares and $10,000 with respect to Class M Shares, which stated minimum may be reduced for certain investors. Investors purchasing Class A Shares may be charged a sales load of up to 5.75% of the Investor’s net purchase. The table assumes the maximum sales load is charged. Class C Shares, Class I Shares and Class M Shares are not subject to front-end sales loads. While Class M Shares do not impose a front-end sales charge, if you purchase Class M Shares through certain financial firms, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees in such amount as they may determine. Please consult your financial firm for additional information.

 

(2)Assumes all amounts currently registered are sold in the continuous offering. CAM will also bear certain ongoing offering costs associated with the Fund’s continuous offering. Pursuant to an expense limitation agreement (the “Expense Limitation Agreement”) between the Fund and the Advisor, the Fund will be obligated to reimburse the Advisor for any such payments. See “Fund Expenses.”

 

Structure. The Fund does not currently intend to list its Shares for trading on any securities exchange and does not expect any secondary market to develop for its Shares. Shareholders of the Fund are not able to have their Shares redeemed or otherwise sell their Shares on a daily basis because the Fund is an unlisted closed-end fund. To provide some liquidity to Shareholders, the Fund is structured as an “interval fund” and conducts periodic repurchase offers for a portion of its outstanding Shares, as described below. An investment in the Fund is suitable only for long-term investors who can bear the risks associated with the limited liquidity of the Shares.

 

Investment Advisor and Sub-Advisors. The investment advisor to the Fund is CAM, a joint venture between Calamos Advisors LLC (“Calamos”) and Avenue Capital Management II, L.P. (“Avenue”). CAM is registered as an investment advisor with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”). Calamos and Avenue each serve as a sub-advisor of the Fund (the “Sub-Advisors” and collectively with the Advisor, the “Advisors”). Calamos and Avenue are each registered as an investment advisor with the SEC under the Advisers Act. CAM oversees the allocation of the Fund’s assets to the Sub-Advisors through CAM’s allocation committee, which is comprised of portfolio managers and investment personnel from each of Calamos and Avenue (the “Allocation Committee”), by allocating assets to the “Opportunistic Credit Strategies” and the “Liquid Alternative Strategies” (each as discussed below). Each Sub-Advisor sources and makes investment decisions for the assets allocated to the Sub-Advisor by CAM’s Allocation Committee.

 

Securities Offered. The Fund is offering its Shares on a continuous basis. While Class M Shares do not impose a front-end sales charge, if you purchase Class M Shares through certain financial firms, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees in such amount as they may determine. Please consult your financial firm for additional information. The minimum initial investment with respect to Class A Shares and Class C Shares is $2,500 for all accounts; subsequent investments may be made with at least $100. The minimum initial investment with respect to Class M Shares is $2,500; subsequent investments may be made with at least $100 for regular accounts and $50 for retirement plan accounts, except for purchases made pursuant to the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan or as otherwise permitted by the Fund. With respect to Class I Shares, the minimum initial investment is $1,000,000 for all accounts; subsequent investments may be made in any amount. The Fund reserves the right to waive investment minimums. Shares are being offered through Calamos Financial Services LLC (the “Distributor”) at an offering price equal to the Fund’s then-current NAV per Share, plus any applicable sales load.

 

iv

 

 

This prospectus provides the information that a prospective investor should know about the Fund before investing. Investors are advised to read this prospectus carefully and to retain it for future reference. Additional information about the Fund, including a statement of additional information about the Fund, dated [ ], 2022 (the “Statement of Additional Information”), has been filed with the SEC and is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this prospectus. The Statement of Additional Information and the Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports and other information filed with the SEC, can be obtained upon request and without charge by writing to the Fund at Calamos-Avenue Opportunities Fund, c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701, or by calling toll-free 888-484-1944. The table of contents of the Statement of Additional Information appears on page 80 of this prospectus. Investors may request the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information, annual and semi-annual reports and other information about the Fund or make Shareholder inquiries by calling 888-484-1944 or by visiting calamos.com. In addition, the contact information provided above may be used to request additional information about the Fund and to make Shareholder inquiries. The Statement of Additional Information, other material incorporated by reference into this prospectus and other information about the Fund is also available on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. The address of the SEC’s website is provided solely for the information of prospective investors and is not intended to be an active link.

 

The Fund is relying on exemptive relief to, among other things, (i) designate multiple classes of Shares; (ii) impose on certain of the classes an early withdrawal charge and schedule waivers of such; and (iii) impose class specific annual asset-based distribution fees on the assets of the various classes of Shares to be used to pay for expenses incurred in fostering the dividend of the Shares of the particular class. The Advisors and the Fund have applied for co-investment exemptive relief that would, among other things, expand the Fund’s ability to co-invest alongside its affiliates in privately negotiated investments. Under the exemptive relief, the Fund and/or the Advisors are required to comply with certain conditions that would not otherwise apply. There can be no assurance that any such co-investment exemptive order will be obtained.

 

Shares are not deposits or obligations of, and are not guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank or other insured depository institution, and Shares are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or any other government agency.

 

Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

v

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Page

SUMMARY OF TERMS   1
SUMMARY OF FEES AND EXPENSES   13
THE FUND   16
THE ADVISOR AND SUB-ADVISORS   17
USE OF PROCEEDS   18
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, OPPORTUNITIES AND STRATEGIES   19
TYPES OF INVESTMENTS AND RELATED RISKS   22
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND   47
FUND EXPENSES   50
MANAGEMENT FEE   52
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE   53
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST   55
SHARE REPURCHASE PROGRAM   57
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE   59
TAX ASPECTS   64
ERISA CONSIDERATIONS   72
ANTI-TAKEOVER PROVISIONS IN THE DECLARATION OF TRUST   73
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION   74
DISTRIBUTIONS   76
FISCAL YEAR; REPORTS   78
INQUIRIES   79
TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THE STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION   80

 

 

 

SUMMARY OF TERMS

 

This is only a summary and does not contain all of the information that a prospective investor should consider before investing in the Fund. Before investing, a prospective investor in the Fund should carefully read the more detailed information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus and the Statement of Additional Information.

 

THE FUND

The Fund is a newly organized Delaware statutory trust that is registered under the 1940 Act as a diversified, closed-end management investment company. The Fund is operated as an “interval fund” (as defined below).

 

The Fund offers four separate classes of Shares designated as Class A Shares, Class C Shares, Class I Shares and Class M Shares, all of which are offered by this prospectus. The Fund may offer additional classes of Shares in the future.

   
THE ADVISOR CAM serves as the Fund’s investment advisor. CAM is registered as an investment advisor with the SEC under the Advisers Act and is a joint venture between Calamos and Avenue.
   
THE SUB-ADVISORS

Calamos and Avenue each serve as an investment sub-advisor to the Fund. Calamos and Avenue are each registered as an investment advisor with the SEC under the Advisers Act.

 

CAM oversees the allocation of the Fund’s assets to the Sub-Advisors by allocating the Fund’s assets across a wide range of asset classes and investment strategies. Each Sub-Advisor sources and makes investment decisions for the assets allocated to the Sub-Advisor by CAM’s Allocation Committee. CAM and the Sub-Advisors are collectively referred to as the Advisors.

   
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE The Fund’s investment objective is to generate attractive risk-adjusted total returns, comprised of both capital appreciation and current income, by opportunistically investing in a global portfolio of proprietary credit opportunities and other primarily illiquid debt instruments, complemented by liquid credit and alternative investment strategies to enhance the risk and liquidity profile of the Fund. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.
   

INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES

AND STRATEGIES

The Fund will seek to achieve its investment objective by dynamically investing across multiple strategies and a wide range of securities throughout the global credit spectrum, including proprietary specialty lending opportunities, event-driven special situations, compelling high-yield corporate credits, and hybrid securities with attractive risk-return characteristics. The Fund will employ a value-oriented approach to assemble a diverse portfolio of liquid and illiquid debt holdings, each with different drivers of risk and return to help mitigate overall volatility and limit the potential adverse impact of any one holding on the performance of the portfolio. The Fund’s flexible mandate will allow it to take advantage of compelling investment opportunities, whenever and wherever they present themselves.

 

Under normal circumstances, the Fund intends to invest the majority of its assets in debt and debt related securities. The Fund will allocate its investment in credit instruments across any of the following: (a) specialty lending (including direct private first lien loans, second lien loans, unitranche loans and mezzanine debt); (b) event-driven special situations (including distressed credit, stressed credit, and restructurings); (c) corporate debt instruments (including broadly syndicated loans, high-yield bonds, trade claims and investment grade bonds); and (d) hybrid securities (including convertible debt and preferred equity securities).

 

 

 

  Although actual exposure to any given strategy may vary over time, under normal circumstances, the remainder of the Fund will be allocated to one or more liquid alternative investment strategies. These diversifying strategies will seek to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns, further enhance the portfolio’s downside protection, and improve the overall liquidity profile of the Fund. The Fund may invest in additional strategies in the future.
   
 

Avenue serves as the Sub-Advisor to a portion of the Fund’s assets primarily allocated to illiquid credit strategies across multiple industries, geographies, and structures, which can cumulatively amount to up to a maximum of 60% of the Fund’s assets. Calamos is also expected to manage a portion of the assets allocated to the opportunistic credit strategies.

 

In addition, Calamos serves as the Sub-Advisor to the portion of the Fund’s assets allocated to various liquid alternative investment strategies.

   
 

Specialty Lending

 

Through its specialty lending strategy, the Fund intends to generally invest in senior secured term loans to U.S. and European middle market companies. In describing this business, generally the term “middle market” refers to companies with approximately $10 million to $100 million of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciations and amortization (“EBITDA”), which the Advisor believes is a useful proxy for cash flow although there may be other metrics to define “middle market.” The Fund will seek to engage in direct origination of secured debt, including first lien senior secured loans, “unitranche” loans and second lien senior secured loans (collectively, “Middle Market Senior Loans”), with the balance of its assets allocated to the specialty lending strategy invested in higher yielding investments (which may include unsecured debt and mezzanine debt and investments in equities), although the Fund may make investments in issuers with EBITDA outside of the $10-$100 million range.

   
 

Distressed and Stressed Credit

 

Through its distressed credit strategy, the Fund generally will seek to invest in liquid and illiquid securities and obligations, including secured debt, senior and subordinated unsecured debt, convertible debt obligations, preferred stock and public and private equity of financially distressed companies in defensive and asset-rich industries, including healthcare, utilities, industrials, etc., and individual corporate, stressed and distressed debt securities and other special situations investment opportunities of U.S., European and Asian companies. In certain investments, the Fund may seek to restructure pre-reorganization debt claims into controlling positions in the equity of the reorganized companies.

 

2

 

 

 

Special Situations

 

Through its special situations strategy, the Fund intends to invest in (i) assets that are undergoing restructuring, reorganization or bankruptcy; (ii) assets experiencing operational or financial difficulty in which Avenue anticipates a turnaround; (iii) assets in industries that are in turmoil; and (iv) assets that, in the opinion of Avenue, are undervalued because of discrete extraordinary events.

 

Corporate Debt

 

Through its ability to analyze corporate debt, the Fund intends to invest opportunistically in loans (both investment grade and non-investment grade) and other high-yield bonds and other securities (including trade claims – claims of company suppliers for goods delivered and services rendered but not paid).

 

Hybrid Securities

 

Through its ability to analyze hybrid securities that have elements of both debt and equity, the Fund intends to invest opportunistically in global convertible securities (both investment grade and non-investment grade) and preferred securities.

   
 

Convertible Arbitrage Strategy

 

Through its convertible arbitrage strategy, the Fund intends to invest in convertible securities of U.S. and non-U.S. companies while taking corresponding short positions in the underlying common equities of the same issuers. The Fund expects these investments to enhance income and potentially participate in equity volatility while hedging equity risk.

 

Hedged Equity Strategy

 

Through its hedged equity strategy, the Fund intends to invest in a broadly diversified portfolio of equity securities while also writing (selling) index call options and buying index put options, and/or entering into other options strategies on equity securities and/or broad based indices.

 

Other Investment Strategies. The Fund may invest in notes, bills, debentures, convertible and preferred securities, government and municipal obligations and other credit instruments with similar economic characteristics. The Fund may also invest in senior collateralized loan obligation (“CLO”) debt tranches. In addition, from time to time, the Fund may invest in or hold common stock and other equity securities incidental to the purchase or ownership of a credit investment or in connection with a reorganization of a borrower. The Fund may utilize derivative instruments to achieve its investment objective. Derivatives may allow the Fund to increase or decrease the level of risk to which the Fund is exposed more quickly and efficiently than transactions in other types of instruments.

 

Foreign Instruments. The Fund may make investments in non-U.S. entities, including issuers in emerging markets, and there is no limit on the amount of the Fund’s assets that may be invested in non-U.S. securities. Emerging market countries are countries that major international financial institutions, such as the World Bank, generally consider to be less economically mature than developed nations, such as the United States or most nations in Western Europe. Emerging market countries can include every nation in the world except the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and most countries located in Western Europe. The Fund expects that its investments in non-U.S. issuers will be made primarily in U.S. dollar denominated securities, but it reserves the right to purchase securities that are foreign currency denominated. Some non-U.S. securities may be less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. issuers. Factors considered in determining whether an issuer may be deemed to be from a particular foreign country or geographic region include, among others, the issuer’s principal trading market, the country in which the issuer was legally organized, whether the issuer derives a substantial portion of its operations or assets from a particular country or region or derives a substantial portion of its revenue or profits from businesses, investments or sales outside of the United States.

 

3

 

 

  Illiquid and Restricted Securities. The Fund invests in instruments that, at the time of investment, are illiquid (generally, those securities that cannot be disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the value at which the Fund has valued the securities). The Fund may also invest, without limit, in securities that are unregistered (but are eligible for purchase and sale by certain qualified institutional buyers) or are held by control persons of the issuer and securities that are subject to contractual restrictions on their resale.
   
  Cash and Short-Term Investments. The Fund may invest its cash balances in money market instruments, U.S. government securities, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, repurchase agreements and other high-quality debt instruments maturing in one year or less, among other instruments. In addition, and in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions, the Fund may invest in high-quality fixed income securities, money market instruments and money market funds or may hold significant positions in cash or cash equivalents for defensive purposes.
   
LEVERAGE The Fund may borrow money in connection with its investment activities — i.e., the Fund may utilize leverage. Specifically, the Fund may borrow money through a credit facility or other arrangements to achieve its investment objective. The Fund may use leverage opportunistically and may choose to increase or decrease its leverage, or use different types or combinations of leveraging instruments, at any time based on the Fund’s assessment of market conditions and the investment environment. There can be no assurance that the Fund will use leverage or that its leveraging strategy will be successful during any period in which it is employed. The Fund will be limited in its ability to borrow (or guarantee other obligations) as the 1940 Act requires a registered investment company to satisfy an “asset coverage” requirement of 300% of its indebtedness, including amounts borrowed, measured at the time the investment company incurs the indebtedness. This requirement means that the value of the investment company’s total indebtedness may not exceed 33% the value of its total assets (including the indebtedness). The Fund currently expects to employ leverage representing approximately 10-20% of the Fund’s assets.
   
BOARD OF TRUSTEES The Board, including a majority of the members of the Board (each, a “Trustee”) that are considered independent and are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund or the Advisors (collectively, the “Independent Trustees”), oversees and monitors the Fund’s management and operations. See “Management of the Fund.”

 

4

 

 

MANAGEMENT FEE

Pursuant to the investment advisory agreement, dated as of July 27, 2021 and amended and restated as of January 11, 2022 (the “Investment Advisory Agreement”), by and between the Fund and the Advisor, and in consideration of the advisory services provided by the Advisor to the Fund, the Advisor is entitled to a management fee (the “Management Fee”) calculated and payable monthly in arrears based on the month-end value of the Fund’s Managed Assets (as defined below) at an annual rate of 1.85%. The fee will be computed using the Fund’s “Managed Assets,” which are the total assets of the Fund (including any assets attributable to any leverage that may be outstanding) minus the sum of liabilities (other than debt representing financial leverage). Pursuant to the sub-advisory agreement between CAM and Calamos (the “Calamos Sub-Advisory Agreement”), dated as of July 27, 2021 and amended and restated as of January 11, 2022, and the sub-advisory agreement between CAM and Avenue (the “Avenue Sub-Advisory Agreement” and together with the Calamos Sub-Advisory Agreement, the “Sub-Advisory Agreements”), dated as of July 27, 2021 and amended and restated as of January 11, 2022, the Advisor pays each Sub-Advisor 0.725% of the month-end value of the Fund’s Managed Assets.

 

Pursuant to a Management Fee Waiver Agreement between the Fund and the Advisor (the “Management Fee Waiver Agreement”), the Advisor has contractually agreed, for one year from the initial effective date of this registration statement, to waive the Management Fee it is entitled to receive from the Fund pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement to the extent necessary to limit its Management Fee to 0.40% of the month-end value of the Fund’s Managed Assets. See “Management Fee—Management Fee Waiver Agreement.”

 

Pursuant to a Sub-Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement between the Advisor and each Sub-Advisor (each, a “Sub-Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement”), each Sub-Advisor has contractually agreed, for one year from the initial effective date of this registration statement, to waive completely the sub-advisory fees it is entitled to receive from the Advisor pursuant to each Sub-Advisory Agreement. See “Management Fee—Sub-Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement.”

 

The Fund has no obligation to reimburse the Advisor or the Sub-Advisors for these waived Management Fee and sub-advisory fees.

   
 

The Advisors are obligated to pay expenses associated with providing the investment advisory services stated in the Investment Advisory Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreements, including compensation of and office space for their officers and employees connected with investment and economic research, trading and investment management of the Fund.

 

The Board will periodically review the Investment Advisory Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreements to determine, among other things, whether the fees payable under such agreements are reasonable in light of the services provided.

 

The Advisor and the Fund have entered into the Expense Limitation Agreement under which the Advisor has agreed contractually for a one-year period from the date of this prospectus to reimburse certain other expenses incurred in the business of the Fund, calculated and reimbursed on a Class-by-Class basis in respect of each of Class A, Class C, Class I and Class M, including organizational and certain offering expenses, with the exception of (i) the Management Fee, (ii) the Shareholder Servicing Fee (as defined herein), (iii) the Distribution Fee (as defined herein), (iv) certain costs associated with the acquisition, ongoing investment and disposition of the Fund’s investments and unconsummated investments, including legal costs, professional fees, travel costs and brokerage costs, (v) acquired fund fees and expenses, (vi) dividend and interest payments (including any dividend payments, interest expenses, commitment fees, or other expenses related to any leverage incurred by the Fund), (vii) taxes and costs to reclaim foreign taxes, and (viii) extraordinary expenses (as determined in the sole discretion of the Advisor), to the extent that such expenses exceed 0.35% of the month-end NAV of such Class (the “Expense Cap”).

 

 

5

 

 

  In consideration of the Advisor’s agreement to reimburse certain of the Fund’s other expenses, the Fund has agreed to repay the Advisor in the amount of any Fund expenses reimbursed in respect of each of Class A, Class C, Class I and Class M subject to the limitation that a reimbursement (an “Advisor Recoupment”) will be made only if and to the extent that: (i) it is payable not more than three years from the date on which the applicable waiver or expense payment was made by the Advisor; and (ii) the Advisor Recoupment does not cause the Fund’s total annual operating expenses (on an annualized basis and net of any reimbursements received by the Fund during such fiscal year) during the applicable quarter to exceed the Expense Cap of such Class. The Advisor Recoupment for a class of Shares will not cause Fund expenses in respect of that class to exceed the Expense Cap either (i) at the time of the waiver or (ii) at the time of recoupment. See “Fund Expenses—Expense Limitation Agreement” for additional information. The Expense Limitation Agreement will remain in effect for a one-year period from the date of this prospectus, unless and until the Board approves its modification or termination. See “Fund Expenses.”
   
ADMINISTRATION EXPENSES Pursuant to an administration agreement (the “Administration Agreement”) with State Street Bank and Trust Company (the “Administrator”), the Administrator furnishes the Fund with clerical, bookkeeping and record keeping services. The Administrator also performs, or oversees the performance of, certain of the Fund’s required administrative services, which include, among other things, providing assistance in accounting, legal, compliance, operations, being responsible for the financial records that the Fund is required to maintain and preparing reports to the Fund’s Shareholders and reports filed with the SEC. In addition, the Administrator generally oversees the payment of the Fund’s expenses and the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to the Fund by others. The Administration Agreement may be terminated by either party without penalty upon 90 days’ written notice to the other party prior to the expiration of the initial term or any renewal date, as the case may be.
   
DISTRIBUTIONS

The Fund’s distribution policy is to make quarterly distributions of the Fund’s net investment income to Shareholders. The Fund intends to accrue distributions from its net investment income, if any, and distribute them quarterly. See “Distributions.”

 

The Board reserves the right to change the distribution policy from time to time.

 

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DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN

The Fund will operate under a dividend reinvestment plan (“DRP”) administered by U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (“USBFS”). Pursuant to the DRP, the Fund’s income dividends or capital gains or other distributions (each, a “Distribution” and collectively, “Distributions”), net of any applicable U.S. withholding tax, are reinvested in the same class of Shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholders automatically participate in the DRP, unless and until an election is made to withdraw from the DRP on behalf of such participating Shareholder. A Shareholder who does not wish to have Distributions automatically reinvested may terminate participation in the DRP by written instructions to that effect to USBFS. Shareholders who elect not to participate in the DRP will receive all distributions in cash paid to the Shareholder of record (or, if the Shares are held in street or other nominee name, then to such nominee). Such written instructions must be received by USBFS by the Repurchase Request Deadline or the Shareholder will receive such Distribution in Shares through the DRP. Under the DRP, the Fund’s Distributions to Shareholders are reinvested in full and fractional Shares. See “Distributions—Dividend Reinvestment Plan.”

 

PURCHASES OF SHARES

 

The Fund’s Shares are offered on a monthly basis as of the first business day of the month. Shares are being offered through the Distributor at an offering price equal to the Fund’s then-current NAV per Share (calculated as of the close of business on the last business day of the prior month), plus any applicable sales load. Please see “Plan of Distribution” for purchase instructions and additional information.

 

With respect to Class A Shares and Class C Shares, the minimum initial investment is $2,500 for all accounts; subsequent investments may be made with at least $100, except for purchases made pursuant to the Fund’s DRP or as otherwise permitted by the Fund. The minimum initial investment with respect to Class M Shares is $2,500; subsequent investments may be made with at least $100 for regular accounts and $50 for retirement plan accounts, except for purchases made pursuant to the Fund’s DRP or as otherwise permitted by the Fund. With respect to Class I Shares, the minimum initial investment is $1,000,000 for all accounts; subsequent investments may be made with any amounts. The Fund reserves the right to waive investment minimums. See “Distributions—Dividend Reinvestment Plan.”

   
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION The Distributor, located at 2020 Calamos Court, Naperville, IL 60563, serves as the Fund’s principal underwriter and acts as the Distributor of the Fund’s Shares on a best efforts basis, subject to various conditions. The Fund’s Shares are offered for sale through the Distributor at a price equal to the then-current NAV per share plus any applicable sales load. The Distributor also may enter into broker-dealer selling agreements with other broker dealers for the sale and distribution of the Fund’s Shares. While Class M Shares do not impose a front-end sales charge, if you purchase Class M Shares through certain financial firms, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees in such amount as they may determine. Please consult your financial firm for additional information.
   
  The Distributor is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of the Fund’s Shares, but will use its best efforts to solicit orders for the sale of the Shares. Shares of the Fund will not be listed on any national securities exchange and the Distributor will not act as a market maker in Fund Shares.

 

7

 

 

 

The Advisors or their affiliates, in the Advisors’ discretion and from their own resources, may pay additional compensation to financial intermediaries and their agents that have made arrangements with the Fund and are authorized to buy and sell Shares of the Fund (collectively, “Financial Intermediaries”) in connection with the sale of Fund Shares (the “Additional Compensation”). In return for the Additional Compensation, the Fund may receive certain marketing advantages including access to a broker’s or dealer’s registered representatives, placement on a list of investment options offered by a broker or dealer, or the ability to assist in training and educating the broker’s or dealer’s registered representatives. The Additional Compensation may differ among brokers or dealers in amount or in the amount of calculation. Payments of Additional Compensation may be fixed dollar amounts or, based on the aggregate value of outstanding Shares held by Shareholders introduced by the broker or dealer, or determined in some other manner. The receipt of Additional Compensation by a selling broker or dealer may create potential conflicts of interest between an investor and its broker or dealer who is recommending the Fund over other potential investments.

   
ERISA PLANS AND OTHER
TAX-EXEMPT ENTITIES
Investors subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), and other tax-exempt entities, including employee benefit plans, individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”), 401(k) plans and Keogh plans, may purchase Shares. Because the Fund is registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act, the underlying assets of the Fund will not be considered to be “plan assets” of the ERISA plans investing in the Fund for purposes of ERISA’s fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction rules. Thus, none of the Fund or the Advisors will be a fiduciary within the meaning of ERISA with respect to the assets of any ERISA plan that becomes a Shareholder, solely as a result of the ERISA plan’s investment in the Fund. See “ERISA Considerations.”
   
UNLISTED CLOSED-END INTERVAL FUND STRUCTURE The Fund has been organized as a continuously offered, diversified closed-end management investment company that is operated as an interval fund. Closed-end funds differ from open-end funds (commonly known as mutual funds) in that investors in closed-end funds do not have the right to redeem their shares on a daily basis. Unlike most closed-end funds, which typically list their shares on a securities exchange, the Fund does not currently intend to list the Shares for trading on any securities exchange, and the Fund does not expect any secondary market to develop for the Shares in the foreseeable future. Therefore, an investment in the Fund, unlike an investment in a typical closed-end fund, is not a liquid investment. To provide some liquidity to Shareholders, the Fund is structured as an “interval fund” and conducts semi-annual repurchase offers for a limited amount of the Fund’s Shares (at least 5%).
   
  The Fund believes that a closed-end structure is most appropriate for the long-term nature of the Fund’s strategy. The Fund’s NAV per Share may be volatile. As the Shares are not traded, investors will not be able to dispose of their investment in the Fund, except through repurchases conducted through the share repurchase program, no matter how the Fund performs.

 

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SHARE CLASSES

The Fund currently offers four different classes of shares: Class A, Class C, Class I, and Class M Shares. An investment in any share class of the Fund represents an investment in the same assets of the Fund. However, the purchase restrictions and ongoing fees and expenses for each share class are different. The fees and expenses for the Fund are set forth in “Summary of Fees and Expenses.” If you have hired an intermediary and are eligible to invest in more than one class of shares, the intermediary may help determine which share class is appropriate for you. When selecting a share class, you should consider which share classes are available to you, how much you intend to invest, how long you expect to own shares and the total costs and expenses associated with a particular share class. See “Plan of Distribution.”

 

Each investor’s financial considerations are different. You should speak with your intermediary to help you decide which share class is best for you. Not all Financial Intermediaries offer all classes of shares. If your Financial Intermediary offers more than one class of shares, you should carefully consider which class of shares to purchase.

   
VALUATIONS

The Board is responsible for the oversight of the valuation of the Fund’s portfolio investments for which market quotations are not readily available, as determined in good faith pursuant to the Fund’s valuation policy and consistently applied valuation process. The Board has delegated day-to-day responsibility for implementing the portfolio valuation process set forth in the Fund’s valuation policy to the Advisor, and has authorized the Advisor to utilize the independent third-party pricing services and independent third-party valuation services that have been approved by the Board at the Fund’s expense. Portfolio securities and other assets for which market quotes are readily available are valued at market value. In circumstances where market quotes are not readily available, the Board has adopted methods for determining the fair value of such securities and other assets. The Fund determines NAV per Share in accordance with the methodology described in the Fund’s valuation policy. Valuations of Fund investments are disclosed in reports publicly filed with the SEC.

 

As an interval fund, the Fund is required to calculate a weekly NAV. However, because the Fund’s Shares are offered on a monthly basis only, the Fund intends to publicly report on its website its month-end NAV per Share. The Fund will engage an independent valuation firm to fair value its Level 3 investments (as defined herein) at least monthly. Inputs may include quoted prices for similar investments in active markets, interest rates, coupon rates, yield curves, option adjusted spreads, default rates, credit spreads and other unique security features in order to estimate the relevant cash flows which are then discounted to calculate fair values. To the extent that these inputs are unobservable, the values are categorized as Level 3. For information on the Fund’s weekly NAV, please call the Fund toll-free at 888-484-1944. The Sub-Advisors shall provide assistance to the Advisor and the Board with respect to the valuation of the Fund’s assets; the Advisor and the Board are responsible for the accuracy, reliability or completeness of any market or fair market valuation determinations made with respect to the Fund’s assets. See “Determination of Net Asset Value.”

 

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SHARE REPURCHASE PROGRAM

The Shares have no history of public trading, nor is it intended that the Shares will be listed on a public exchange at this time. No secondary market is expected to develop for the Fund’s Shares.

 

The Fund is an “interval fund,” a type of fund which, to provide some liquidity to Shareholders, makes semi-annual repurchase offers for between 5% and 25% of the Fund’s outstanding Shares at NAV, pursuant to Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act, unless such offer is suspended or postponed in accordance with regulatory requirements (as discussed below). Under normal market conditions, the Fund currently intends to repurchase 5% of its outstanding shares at NAV on a semi-annual basis. Semi-annual repurchases will occur in the months of March and September. The offer to purchase Shares is a fundamental policy that may not be changed without the vote of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act). Written notification of each semi-annual repurchase offer (the “Repurchase Offer Notice”) is sent to Shareholders at least 21 calendar days before the repurchase request deadline (i.e., the date by which Shareholders can tender their Shares in response to a repurchase offer) (the “Repurchase Request Deadline”); however, the Fund will seek to provide such written notification earlier but no more than 42 calendar days before the Repurchase Request Deadline. The NAV will be calculated on the Repurchase Pricing Date, which will be no later than the 14th calendar day (or the next business day if the 14th calendar day is not a business day) after the Repurchase Request Deadline (the “Repurchase Pricing Date”). The Fund’s NAV may fluctuate between the date you submit your repurchase request and the Repurchase Request Deadline and may also fluctuate to the extent there is any delay between the Repurchase Request Deadline and the Repurchase Pricing Date. The Fund will distribute payment to Shareholders within seven calendar days after the Repurchase Pricing Date. The Fund’s Shares are not listed on any securities exchange, and the Fund anticipates that no secondary market will develop for its Shares. Accordingly, you may not be able to sell Shares when and/or in the amount that you desire. Thus, the Shares are appropriate only as a long-term investment. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed and the Fund determines not to repurchase additional Shares beyond the repurchase offer amount, or if Shareholders tender an amount of Shares greater than that which the Fund is entitled to purchase, the Fund will repurchase the Shares tendered on a pro rata basis, and Shareholders will have to wait until the next repurchase offer to make another repurchase request. In addition, the Fund’s repurchase offers may subject the Fund and Shareholders to special risks. See “Types of Investments and Related Risks—Repurchase Offers.”

   
SUMMARY OF TAXATION The Fund intends to elect to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and intends to qualify annually, as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). As a RIC, the Fund generally will not be subject to corporate-level U.S. federal income taxes on any net ordinary income or capital gains that is currently distributed as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to Shareholders, as applicable. To qualify for and maintain its treatment as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund is required to meet certain specified source-of-income and asset diversification requirements, and is required to distribute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes of an amount at least equal to 90% of the sum of its net ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses each tax year to Shareholders, as applicable. See “Distributions” and “Tax Aspects.”

 

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FISCAL YEAR For accounting purposes, the Fund’s fiscal year is the 12-month period ending on September 30.
   
REPORTS TO SHAREHOLDERS As soon as practicable after the end of each calendar year, a statement on Form 1099-DIV identifying the sources of the distributions paid by the Fund to Shareholders for tax purposes will be furnished to Shareholders subject to Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) reporting. In addition, the Fund will prepare and transmit to Shareholders an unaudited semi-annual and an audited annual report within 60 days after the close of the period for which the report is being made, or as otherwise required by the 1940 Act.
   
RISK FACTORS

An investment in the Fund involves a high degree of risk and other considerations and, therefore, should be undertaken only by investors capable of evaluating the risks of the Fund and bearing the risks it represents. Prospective investors should carefully consider the following factors, in addition to the matters set forth elsewhere in this Prospectus, prior to investing in the Fund. Below is a summary of some of the principal risks of investing in the Fund. For a more complete discussion of the risks of investing in the Fund, see “Types of Investments and Related Risks.” Shareholders should consider carefully the following principal risks and those risks set forth in the Types of Investments and Related Risks before investing in the Fund.

 

• Unlike most closed-end funds, the Fund’s Shares will not be listed on any securities exchange;

 

• Although the Fund intends to implement a semi-annual share repurchase program, there is no guarantee that an investor will be able to sell all of the Shares that the investor desires to sell. The Fund should therefore be considered to offer limited liquidity;

 

• The capital markets may experience periods of disruption and instability, including as a result of events such as geopolitical events, natural disasters, or widespread pandemics (such as COVID-19) or other adverse public health developments. Such market conditions may materially and adversely affect debt and equity capital markets, which may have a negative impact on the Fund’s investments, business and operations;

 

• The Fund is exposed to risks associated with changes in interest rates;

 

• The Fund’s investments in securities and other obligations of companies that are experiencing distress involve a substantial degree of risk, require a high level of analytical sophistication for successful investment and require active monitoring, are generally considered speculative and may be subject to U.S. federal, state or non-U.S. bankruptcy laws or fraudulent transfer or conveyance laws;

 

• Certain investments may be exposed to the credit risk of the counterparties with whom the Fund deals or of third-party contractual customers of such counterparties;

 

11

 

 

 

 • The valuation of securities or instruments that lack a central trading place (such as fixed-income securities or instruments) may carry greater risk than those that trade on an exchange;

 

• The Fund’s investments in certain portfolio companies may be risky. For the Fund’s investments in senior secured lien loans, the collateral securing these investments may decrease in value or lose its entire value over time or may fluctuate based on the performance of the portfolio company which may lead to a loss in principal.

 

• The Fund’s investments may include securities that are rated below investment grade by rating agencies or that would be rated below investment grade if they were rated. Below investment grade securities, which are often referred to as “high yield” or “junk,” have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal and may be particularly susceptible to economic downturns, which could cause losses;

 

• Derivative investments have risks, including the imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and the underlying assets of the Fund;

 

• The Fund may be materially adversely affected by market, economic and political conditions globally and in the jurisdictions and sectors in which the Fund invests;

 

• Non-U.S. securities may be traded in undeveloped, inefficient and less liquid markets and may experience greater price volatility and changes in value – changes in foreign currency exchange rates may adversely affect the U.S. dollar value of and returns on foreign denominated investments;

 

• The Fund is a newly organized, diversified, closed-end investment company with limited operating history;

 

• To qualify and remain eligible for the special tax treatment accorded to RICs under the Code, the Fund must meet certain source-of-income, asset diversification and annual distribution requirements, and failure to do so could result in the loss of RIC status.

 

Accordingly, the Fund should be considered a speculative investment that entails substantial risks, and a prospective investor should invest in the Fund only if they can sustain a complete loss of their investment.

 

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SUMMARY OF FEES AND EXPENSES

 

The following table illustrates the aggregate fees and expenses that the Fund expects to incur and that Shareholders can expect to bear directly or indirectly.

 

    Class A     Class C     Class I     Class M  
SHAREHOLDER TRANSACTION FEES                                
Maximum sales load imposed on purchases(1)     5.75 %     None       None       None  
Maximum contingent deferred sales charge(2)     None       1.00 %     None       None  
                                 

ANNUAL FUND EXPENSES(3)

(as a percentage of average net assets attributable to Shares)

                               
Management Fee     1.99 %     1.99 %     1.99 %     1.99 %
Interest payments on borrowed funds and securities sold short(4)     0.22 %     0.22 %     0.22 %     0.22 %
Other expenses(5)     1.30 %     2.05 %     1.05 %     1.80 %
Distribution Fee(6)     None       0.75 %     None       0.75 %
Shareholder Servicing Fee(7)     0.25 %     0.25 %     None       None  
All non-distribution and/or shareholder servicing other expenses     1.05 %     1.05 %     1.05 %     1.05 %
Total annual fund expenses     3.51 %     4.26 %     3.26 %     4.01 %
Fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement(8), (9)     (2.29 )%     (2.29 )%     (2.29 )%     (2.29 )%
Total annual fund expenses after fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement(8), (9)     1.22 %     1.97 %     0.97 %     1.72 %

(1) Investors purchasing Class A Shares may be charged a sales load of up to 5.75% of the Investor’s net purchase. The table assumes the maximum sales load is charged. The Distributor may, in its discretion, waive all or a portion of the sales load for certain investors. While Class M Shares do not impose a front-end sales charge, if you purchase Class M Shares through certain financial firms, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees in such amount as they may determine. Please consult your financial firm for additional information. See “Plan of Distribution.”
  
(2) Class C shareholders may be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge on shares redeemed during the first 365 days after their purchase.

 

(3) Assuming estimated net assets for the Fund of $200 million plus leverage of $15 million at the end of the Fund’s first twelve months of operations.

 

(4) These expenses represent estimated interest payments the Fund expects to incur in connection with its expected credit facility and short sales during the current fiscal year. See “Investment Objective, Opportunities and Strategies — Leverage.” The amount shown in the table above is based on the assumption that the Fund borrows money for investment purposes in an amount approximately between 10% and 20% of its net assets.

 

(5) Other expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year and include accounting, custody, transfer agency, legal, valuation agent, pricing vendor and auditing fees of the Fund, organizational and offering costs, and fees payable to the Independent Trustees.

 

(6) Class C Shares and Class M Shares will pay to the Distributor a distribution fee that will accrue at an annual rate equal to 0.75% of the average daily net assets attributable to Class C Shares or Class M Shares, respectively (the “Distribution Fee”). See “Plan of Distribution”.

 

(7) Class A Shares and Class C may charge a shareholder servicing fee of up to 0.25% per year (the “Shareholder Servicing Fee”). The Fund may use these fees, in respect of the relevant class, to compensate Financial Intermediaries or financial institutions for distribution-related expenses, if applicable, and providing ongoing services in respect of clients with whom they have distributed Shares of the Fund. Such services may also include electronic processing of client orders, electronic fund transfers between clients and the Fund, account reconciliations with the Fund’s transfer agent, facilitation of electronic delivery to clients of Fund documentation, monitoring client accounts for back-up withholding and any other special tax reporting obligations, maintenance of books and records with respect to the foregoing, and such other information and liaison services as the Fund or CAM may reasonably request.

 

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(8) The Advisor and the Fund have entered into the Expense Limitation Agreement under which the Advisor has agreed contractually for a one-year period from the date of this prospectus to reimburse certain other expenses incurred in the business of the Fund, calculated and reimbursed on a Class-by-Class basis in respect of each of Class A, Class C, Class I and Class M, including organizational and certain offering expenses with the exception of (i) the Management Fee, (ii) the Shareholder Servicing Fee, (iii) the Distribution Fee, (iv) certain costs associated with the acquisition, ongoing investment and disposition of the Fund’s investments and unconsummated investments, including legal costs, professional fees, travel costs and brokerage costs, (v) acquired fund fees and expenses, (vi) dividend and interest payments (including any dividend payments, interest expenses, commitment fees, or other expenses related to any leverage incurred by the Fund), (vii) taxes and costs to reclaim foreign taxes, and (viii) extraordinary expenses (as determined in the sole discretion of the Advisor), to the extent that such expenses exceed 0.35% of the month-end NAV of such Class (the “Expense Cap”).

 

In consideration of the Advisor’s agreement to reimburse certain of the Fund’s other expenses, the Fund has agreed to repay the Advisor an Advisor Recoupment in respect of each of Class A, Class I and Class M subject to the limitation that a reimbursement will be made only if and to the extent that: (i) it is payable not more than three years from the date on which the applicable waiver or expense payment was made by the Advisor; and (ii) the Advisor Recoupment does not cause the Fund’s total annual operating expenses (on an annualized basis and net of any reimbursements received by the Fund during such fiscal year) during the applicable quarter to exceed the Expense Cap of such Class. The Advisor Recoupment for a class of Shares will not cause Fund expenses in respect of that class to exceed the Expense Cap either (i) at the time of the waiver or (ii) at the time of recoupment. See “Fund Expenses—Expense Limitation Agreement” for additional information. The Expense Limitation Agreement will remain in effect for a one-year period from the date of this prospectus, unless and until the Board approves its modification or termination.

 

(9) The Advisor has contractually agreed, for one year from the initial effective date of this registration statement, to waive its Management Fee for the Fund to the extent necessary to limit its Management Fee to 0.40% of the month-end value of the Fund’s Managed Assets. The Advisor may not seek reimbursement from the Fund with respect to the Management Fee waived pursuant to the Management Fee Waiver Agreement. The Management Fee Waiver Agreement will continue through the date set forth above, at which time it will terminate unless otherwise agreed to in writing by the parties. In addition, the Management Fee Waiver Agreement will terminate upon termination of the Investment Advisory Agreement.

 

Example:

 

The following example demonstrates the projected dollar amount of total expenses that would be incurred over various periods with respect to a hypothetical investment in Shares. In calculating the following expense amounts, the Fund has assumed its direct and indirect annual operating expenses would remain at the percentage levels set forth in the table above (except that the example incorporates the expense reimbursement arrangement for only the first year).

 

An investor would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5.0% annual return:

 

Class A                     
    1 Year    3 Years    5 Years    10 Years  
    $ 69     $ 139     $ 211     $ 400  

 

Class C                     
    1 Year    3 Years    5 Years    10 Years  
    $ 20     $ 108     $ 198     $ 428  

 

Class I                     
    1 Year    3 Years    5 Years    10 Years  
    $ 10     $ 79     $ 150     $ 340  

 

Class M                     
    1 Year    3 Years    5 Years    10 Years  
    $ 17     $ 101     $ 186     $ 407  

 

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An investor would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5.0% annual return, and redeem Shares in full at the end of such period:

 

Class C*                     
    1 Year    3 Years    5 Years    10 Years  
    $ 30     $ 108     $ 198     $ 428  

 

* If the contingent deferred sales charge applies. See “Contingent Deferred Sales Charge” under “Share Repurchase Program.” If the contingent deferred sales charge does not apply, the hypothetical expenses you would pay on $1,000 investment in Class C Shares would be $20, assuming annual expenses attributable to Shares remain unchanged, Shares earn a 5% annual return, and you redeemed your shares in full at the end of the 1-year period.

 

The example and the expenses in the tables above should not be considered a representation of the Fund’s future expenses, and actual expenses may be greater or less than those shown. While the example assumes a 5.0% annual return, as required by the SEC, the Fund’s performance will vary and may result in a return greater or less than 5.0%. In addition to the fees and expenses described above, you may also be required to pay transaction or other fees on the purchase of Class M Shares, which are not reflected in the example. For a more complete description of the various fees and expenses borne directly and indirectly by the Fund, see “Fund Expenses” and “Management Fee.”

 

15

 

 

THE FUND

 

The Fund is a newly organized diversified, closed-end management investment company that is registered under the 1940 Act. The Fund is structured as an “interval fund” and continuously offers its Shares. The Fund was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on January 31, 2020 and has no operating history. The principal office of the Fund is located at 2020 Calamos Court, Naperville, IL 60563 and its telephone number is (630) 245-7200.

 

The Fund’s investment objective is to generate attractive risk-adjusted total returns, comprised of both capital appreciation and current income, by dynamically investing in a global portfolio of proprietary credit opportunities and other primarily illiquid debt instruments, complemented by liquid credit and alternative investment strategies to enhance the risk and liquidity profile of the Fund. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

 

The Fund will seek to achieve its investment objective by dynamically investing across multiple strategies and a wide range of securities throughout the global credit spectrum, including proprietary specialty lending opportunities, event-driven special situations, and compelling corporate credits. The Fund will employ a value-oriented approach to assemble a diverse portfolio of liquid and illiquid debt holdings, each with different drivers of risk and return to help mitigate overall volatility and limit the potential adverse impact of any one holding on the performance of the portfolio. The Fund’s flexible mandate will allow it to take advantage of compelling investment opportunities, whenever and wherever they present themselves.

 

Under normal circumstances, the Fund intends to invest the majority of its assets in debt and debt related securities. The Fund will allocate its investment in credit instruments across any of the following: (a) specialty lending (including direct private first lien loans, second lien loans, unitranche loans and mezzanine debt); (b) event-driven opportunities (including distressed and stressed credit, and restructurings); (c) corporate debt instruments (including broadly syndicated loans, high-yield bonds, trade claims and investment grade bonds); and (d) hybrid securities (including convertible debt and preferred equity securities).

 

Although actual exposure to any given strategy may vary over time, under normal circumstances, the remainder of the Fund will be allocated to one or more liquid alternative investment strategies. These diversifying strategies will seek to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns, further enhance the portfolio’s downside protection, and improve the overall liquidity profile of the Fund. The Fund may invest in additional strategies in the future. While some of the loans in which the Fund will invest pursuant to the foregoing may be secured, the Fund may also invest in debt securities that are either unsecured and subordinated to substantial amounts of senior indebtedness, or a significant portion of which may be unsecured. The Fund normally will invest in a number of different countries. There is no minimum or maximum limit on the amount of the Fund’s assets that may be invested in non-U.S. securities. For a further discussion of the Fund’s principal investment strategies, see “Investment Objective, Opportunities and Strategies.” There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

 

CAM’s Allocation Committee is comprised of portfolio managers and investment personnel from each of Calamos and Avenue, and CAM’s Allocation Committee oversees the allocation of the Fund’s assets to the Sub-Advisors by allocating across a wide range of asset classes and investment strategies. Each Sub-Advisor sources and makes investment decisions within its respective asset classes and strategies. CAM’s Allocation Committee meets regularly to discuss broad market views, with specific focus on valuation and macroeconomic forecasts in determining the appropriate allocation across the Fund’s various asset classes and investment strategies. See “The Advisor and Sub-Advisors.” Responsibility for monitoring and overseeing the Fund’s investment program, management and operation is vested in the individuals who serve on the Board.

 

16

 

 

THE ADVISOR AND SUB-ADVISORS

 

CAM, an investment advisor registered with the SEC under the Advisers Act, serves as the Advisor. CAM is a joint venture between Calamos and Avenue. Calamos and Avenue serve as the Fund’s investment sub-advisors. Calamos and Avenue are each a registered investment advisor with the SEC under the Advisers Act. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Investment Advisory Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreements will be available in the Fund’s first annual or semi-annual report on Form N-CSR.

 

Avenue

 

Avenue serves as the Sub-Advisor to a portion the Fund’s assets primarily allocated to opportunistic illiquid credit instruments across multiple industries, geographies, and structures, which can cumulatively amount to up to a maximum of 60% of the Fund’s assets. Avenue is a subsidiary of Avenue Capital Group, which is comprised of four registered investment advisors that have extensive experience investing in stressed and distressed obligations in the United States, Europe and Asia. Avenue Capital Group was founded in 1995 by Marc Lasry and Sonia Gardner. Avenue Capital Group is located at 11 West 42nd Street, 9th Floor, New York, New York 10036. As of November 30, 2021, Avenue had approximately $11.9 billion in assets under management.

 

Calamos

 

Calamos serves as the Sub-Advisor to a portion of the assets allocated to the opportunistic credit strategies as well as with respect to the Fund’s assets allocated to the liquid alternative investment strategies. As of November 30, 2021, Calamos had approximately $42.869 billion in assets under management. Calamos is located at 2020 Calamos Court, Naperville, IL 60563 and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Calamos Investments LLC (“CILLC”). Calamos Asset Management, Inc. is the sole manager of CILLC and a wholly owned subsidiary of Calamos Partners LLC (“CPL” or “Parent”). CPL is owned by Calamos Family Partners, Inc. (“CFP”), John P. Calamos, Sr. and John S. Koudounis. CFP was owned by members of the Calamos family, including John P. Calamos, Sr.

 

17

 

 

USE OF PROCEEDS

 

The proceeds from the sale of Shares, not including the amount of any applicable sales loads paid by investors and net of the Fund’s fees and expenses, are invested by the Fund to pursue its investment program and strategies.

 

The Fund expects to invest the proceeds obtained by it promptly after receipt of such proceeds to pursue its investment program within three months after receipt thereof, investing the proceeds first in more liquid credits, then into other credit strategies as the opportunities become available to the Fund. Certain investments may be delayed if suitable opportunities are unavailable at the time or for other reasons, such as market volatility and lack of liquidity in the markets of suitable investments. Pending such investment, the Fund may hold uninvested capital in the form of cash and cash equivalents, including money market investments.

 

18

 

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, OPPORTUNITIES AND STRATEGIES

 

Investment Objective

 

The Fund’s investment objective is to generate attractive risk-adjusted total returns, comprised of both capital appreciation and current income, by opportunistically investing in a global portfolio of proprietary credit opportunities and other primarily illiquid debt instruments, complemented by liquid credit and alternative investment strategies to enhance the risk and liquidity profile of the Fund. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

 

Investment Opportunities and Strategies

 

The Fund will seek to achieve its investment objective by dynamically investing across multiple strategies and a wide range of securities throughout the global credit spectrum, including proprietary specialty lending opportunities, event-driven special situations, and compelling corporate credits. The Fund will employ a value-oriented approach to assemble a diverse portfolio of liquid and illiquid debt holdings, each with different drivers of risk and return to help mitigate overall volatility and limit the potential adverse impact of any one holding on the performance of the portfolio. The Fund’s flexible mandate will allow it to take advantage of compelling investment opportunities, whenever and wherever they present themselves.

 

Under normal circumstances, the Fund intends to invest the majority of its assets in debt and debt related securities. The Fund will allocate its investment in credit instruments across any of the following: (a) specialty lending (including direct private first lien loans, second lien loans, unitranche loans and mezzanine debt); (b) event-driven opportunities (including distressed and stressed credit, and restructurings) (c) corporate debt instruments (including broadly syndicated loans, high-yield bonds, trade claims and investment grade bonds); and (d) hybrid securities (including convertible debt and preferred equity securities).

 

Although actual exposure to any given strategy may vary over time, under normal circumstances, the remainder of the Fund will be allocated to one or more liquid alternative investment strategies. These diversifying strategies will seek to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns, further enhance the portfolio’s downside protection, and improve the overall liquidity profile of the Fund. The Fund may invest in additional strategies in the future.

 

Although actual exposure to any strategy may vary over time, the Fund expects its allocations to the opportunistic credit strategies and liquid alternative strategies to be within the following:

 

Specialty Lending

 

Investments are expected to focus primarily on senior secured term loans to U.S. and European middle market companies. In describing this business, generally the term “middle market” refers to companies with approximately $10 million to $100 million of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciations and amortization (“EBITDA”), which the Advisors believe is a useful proxy for cash flow although there may be other metrics to define “middle market.” The Fund will seek to engage in direct origination of secured debt, including first lien senior secured loans, “unitranche” loans and second lien senior secured loans (collectively, “Middle Market Senior Loans”), with the balance of its assets allocated to the specialty lending strategy invested in higher yielding investments (which may include unsecured debt and mezzanine debt and investments in equities), although the Fund may make investments in issuers with EBITDA outside of the $10-$100 million range.

 

As market cycles evolve and/or an Advisor’s investment thesis on a company progresses, the Fund may invest in more junior portions of the capital structure, including equities, depending on the risk/return profiles of an investment. The Fund will employ a flexible approach to making and structuring its investments. This approach is expected to allow the Fund to participate at the appropriate time and in the appropriate security type for each investment in order to maximize potential returns while minimizing principal risk. The Advisors will continue to pursue a theme-driven, focused investment strategy that is analytically intensive and relies upon individual credit and industry research and analysis.

 

19

 

 

Distressed and Stressed Credit / Special Situations

 

Investments are expected to focus on liquid and illiquid securities and obligations, including secured debt, senior and subordinated unsecured debt, convertible debt obligations, preferred stock and public and private equity of financially distressed companies in defensive and asset-rich industries, including healthcare, utilities, industrials, etc., and individual corporate, stressed and distressed debt securities and other special situations investment opportunities of U.S., European and Asian companies. The Advisors will seek to invest in senior secured debt or other debt that is structurally senior to other portions of the capital structure, as the Advisors believe this provides the most attractive risk/reward potential. However, as market cycles evolve and/or the Advisor’s investment thesis on a company progresses, the Fund may invest in more junior portions of the capital structure, including equities, depending on the risk/return profiles of an investment. The Fund will employ a flexible approach to making and structuring its investments. This approach is expected to allow the Fund to participate at the appropriate time and in the appropriate security type for each investment in order to maximize potential returns while minimizing principal risk. Each Advisor believes that it possesses proven due diligence, sourcing, and execution capabilities that differentiate the Advisor from its competitors. The Advisors believe that few competitors have the necessary resources to conduct effective due diligence internally. This approach has allowed the Advisors to develop a deep level of knowledge and a vast network of relationships and experience, which it believes are vital to its investment success. The breadth and experience of the Advisors’ teams also allow them to effectively evaluate a broader range of opportunities compared to many competitors. The Advisors will continue to pursue a theme-driven, concentrated investment strategy that is analytically intensive and relies upon individual credit, industry, macro research and legal-driven analysis. In addition to conducting extensive fundamental credit analysis, the Advisors may selectively participate on creditors’ committees and steering committees when necessary.

 

Convertible Arbitrage Strategy

 

Through its convertible arbitrage strategy, the Fund intends to invest in convertible securities (including synthetic convertibles) of U.S. and non-U.S. companies, while taking corresponding short positions in the equities of the same issuers to capitalize on pricing inefficiencies between the two. The convertible securities in which the Fund invests may be either debt securities or preferred stocks that can be exchanged for common stock. A synthetic convertible is a financial instrument that is designed to simulate the economic characteristics of a convertible security through the combined features of a debt instrument and an option on an equity security. Convertible arbitrage offers investors the potential for yield and capital appreciation with less risk than traditional stocks and bonds due to the fact that the strategy is typically market neutral (i.e., hedged). Potential sources of return for the strategy include income from convertible bond coupons, capital appreciation from undervalued securities, short interest credit from short stock positions, and rebalancing and trading (i.e., gamma capture).

 

Hedged Equity Strategy

 

Through its hedged equity strategy, the Fund intends to invest in a broadly diversified portfolio of equity securities while also writing (selling) index call and put options and/or entering into other options strategies on equity securities and/or broad based indices. The Fund may write call options (i) on a portion of the equity securities in the Fund’s portfolio and (ii) on broad-based securities indexes (such as the S&P 500 or MSCI EAFE) or ETFs. In addition, to seek to offset some of the risk of a potential decline in value of certain long positions, the Fund may also purchase put options on individual securities, broad-based securities indexes (such as the S&P 500), or ETFs. The Fund may also engage in active and frequent trading of portfolio securities. Equity securities purchased by the Fund may include U.S. exchange-listed common stocks, options on equities, and ADRs.

 

Other Investment Strategies

 

The Fund may invest in notes, bills, debentures, convertible and preferred securities, government and municipal obligations and other credit instruments with similar economic characteristics. The Fund may also invest in senior CLO debt tranches. In addition, from time to time, the Fund may invest in or hold common stock and other equity securities incidental to the purchase or ownership of a credit investment or in connection with a reorganization of a borrower. The Fund may utilize derivative instruments to achieve its investment objective. Derivatives may allow the Fund to increase or decrease the level of risk to which the Fund is exposed more quickly and efficiently than transactions in other types of instruments.

 

Foreign Instruments

 

The Fund may make investments in non-U.S. entities, including issuers in emerging markets. Emerging market countries are countries that major international financial institutions, such as the World Bank, generally consider to be less economically mature than developed nations, such as the United States or most nations in Western Europe. Emerging market countries can include every nation in the world except the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and most countries located in Western Europe. The Fund expects that its investments in non-U.S. issuers will be made primarily in U.S. dollar denominated securities, but it reserves the right to purchase securities that are foreign currency denominated. Some non-U.S. securities may be less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. issuers. Factors considered in determining whether an issuer may be deemed to be from a particular foreign country or geographic region include, among others, the issuer’s principal trading market, the country in which the issuer was legally organized, whether the issuer derives a substantial portion of its operations or assets from a particular country or region or derives a substantial portion of its revenue or profits from businesses, investments or sales outside of the United States.

 

20

 

 

Illiquid and Restricted Securities

 

The Fund invests in instruments that, at the time of investment, are illiquid (generally, those securities that cannot be disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the value at which the Fund has valued the securities). The Fund may also invest, without limit, in securities that are unregistered (but are eligible for purchase and sale by certain qualified institutional buyers) or are held by control persons of the issuer and securities that are subject to contractual restrictions on their resale.

 

Cash and Short-Term Investments

 

The Fund may invest its cash balances in money market instruments, U.S. government securities, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, repurchase agreements and other high-quality debt instruments maturing in one year or less, among other instruments. In addition, and in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions, the Fund may invest in high-quality fixed income securities, money market instruments and money market funds or may hold significant positions in cash or cash equivalents for defensive purposes.

 

The Investment Process

 

Calamos’ Allocation Committee oversees the allocation of the Fund’s assets across a wide range of opportunistic credit strategies and liquid alternative investment strategies. CAM’s Allocation Committee currently consists of seven voting members.

 

Following the allocation of the Fund’s assets by CAM’s Allocation Committee, investments in each strategy are determined and sourced by the Sub-Advisors.

 

21

 

 

TYPES OF INVESTMENTS AND RELATED RISKS

 

Investors should carefully consider the risk factors described below, before deciding on whether to make an investment in the Fund. The risks set out below are not the only risks the Fund faces. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to the Fund or that the Fund currently deems to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect the Fund’s business, financial condition and/or operating results. If any of the following events occur, the Fund’s business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In such case, the NAV of the Fund’s Shares could decline, and investors may lose all or part of their investment.

 

Risks Associated with Market Conditions and Investment Opportunities

 

General Economic Conditions and Recent Events

 

Difficult global credit market conditions have adversely affected the market values of equity, fixed-income, hard assets, and other securities and these circumstances may continue or even deteriorate further. The short- and longer-term impact of these events is uncertain, but could have a material effect on general economic conditions, consumer and business confidence and market liquidity. Investments made by the Fund are expected to be sensitive to the performance of the overall economy. A negative impact on economic fundamentals and consumer and business confidence would likely increase market volatility and reduce liquidity, both of which could have a material adverse effect on the performance of the Fund and these or similar events may affect the ability of the Fund to execute its strategy. The risk of loss from pricing distortions is compounded by the fact that in disrupted markets many positions become illiquid, making it difficult or impossible to close out positions against which the markets are moving. The financing available to the Fund from its banks, dealers and other counterparties is typically reduced during market disruptions. Market disruptions caused by unexpected political, military and terrorist events may from time to time cause dramatic losses for the Fund, and such events can result in otherwise historically low-risk strategies performing with unprecedented volatility and risk.

 

In late 2019 and early 2020, the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) emerged in China and spread rapidly across the world, including to the U.S. This outbreak has led and for an unknown period of time will continue to lead to disruptions in local, regional, national and global markets and economies affected thereby, including supply chain disruptions and labor shortages. These developments have had adverse, and potentially materially adverse, consequences for certain companies and other issuers in which the Fund expects to invest, as well as on the markets and the economy in general. The duration and full effects of these market disruptions are still uncertain. As of the date of this prospectus, it is impossible to determine the scope of this outbreak, or any future outbreaks, how long any such outbreak, market disruption or uncertainties may last, the effect any governmental actions will have or the full potential impact on the Fund and the Advisors. Any potential future impact will depend to a large extent on future developments and new information that could emerge regarding the duration and severity of COVID-19 and the actions taken by authorities and other entities to contain the coronavirus or treat its impact, all of which are beyond the control of the Fund and the Advisors.

 

Additionally, the operations of the Advisors (including those relating to the Fund) could be impacted adversely, including through quarantine measures and travel restrictions imposed on the Advisors’ or service providers’ personnel located in affected countries, regions or local areas, or any related health issues of such personnel. Such impacts could materially and adversely affect the Advisors’ ability to source, manage and divest investments on behalf of the Fund and pursue the Fund’s investment objectives and strategies. Similar consequences could arise with respect to other infectious diseases.

 

Availability of Suitable Investments

 

While the Advisors believe that many attractive investments of the type in which the Fund expects to invest are currently available, there can be no assurance that such investments will continue to be available or that available investments will continue to meet the Fund’s investment criteria. Furthermore, the Fund may be unable to find a sufficient number of attractive investment opportunities to meet its investment objectives. Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future performance.

 

Competition

 

The markets for securities in the Fund’s investment program are highly competitive. The Fund will be competing for investment opportunities with a significant number of financial institutions as well as various institutional investors. Some of these competitors are larger and have greater financial, human and other resources than the Fund and may in certain circumstances have a competitive advantage over the Fund. As a result of this competition, there may be fewer attractively priced investment opportunities than in the past, which could have an adverse impact on the ability of the Fund to meet its investment goals. There can be no assurance that the returns on the Fund’s investments will be commensurate with the risk of investment in the Fund.

 

22

 

 

No Assurance of Investment Return

 

The Fund’s task of identifying and evaluating investment opportunities, managing such investments and realizing a significant return for investors is difficult. Many organizations operated by persons of competence and integrity have been unable to make, manage and realize a profit on such investments successfully. The Advisors believe that their investment strategy and investment approach moderate this risk through a careful selection of securities and other financial instruments. However, there is no assurance that the Fund will be able to invest its capital on attractive terms or generate returns for its investors. Investors in the Fund could experience losses on their investment.

 

Risks Associated with the Fund’s Investments and Investment Activities

 

Nature of Investments

 

The Fund will invest in debt obligations, securities and assets that are inefficiently priced as a result of business, financial, market or legal uncertainties. The level of analytical sophistication, both financial and legal, necessary for successful returns on such investments is unusually high. There can be no assurance that the Advisors will evaluate correctly the nature and magnitude of the various factors that could affect the value of the Fund’s investments. In particular, the Fund will purchase securities and other obligations of companies that are experiencing significant financial or business distress, including companies involved in bankruptcy or other reorganization and liquidation proceedings. Many of these securities typically remain unpaid unless and until the company reorganizes and/or emerges from bankruptcy proceedings. In addition, it frequently may be difficult to obtain information as to the conditions of these securities. The market prices of these securities are also subject to abrupt and erratic market movements and above average price volatility, and the spread between the bid and asked prices of such securities may be greater than normally expected. Although such investments may result in significant returns to the Fund, they involve a substantial degree of risk and may not show any return for a considerable period of time, if at all. Sourcing, diligence, structuring and governance of private distressed investments require consideration of factors that are often not present in standard private equity investing or investments in the senior and secured debt of financially sound companies. If an Advisor’s evaluation of the anticipated outcome of an investment situation should prove incorrect, the Fund could experience losses. There is no assurance that the Fund will correctly evaluate the value of the assets collateralizing the Fund’s investments or the prospects for a successful reorganization or similar action in respect of any company. In any reorganization or liquidation proceeding relating to a company in which the Fund invests, the Fund may lose its entire investment, may be required to accept cash or securities with a value less than the Fund’s original investment and/or may be required to accept payment over an extended period of time. The level of analytical sophistication, both financial and legal, necessary for successful investment in distressed assets is particularly high. Successful investing requires a specialized skill set that includes: (i) the capacity to accurately value a company’s assets and analyze its capital structure; (ii) a sophisticated knowledge of the complex legal environment in which such investing occurs, particularly bankruptcy, securities, corporate and indenture law; (iii) the experience necessary to determine accurately the financial interests and legal rights of the debtor and each of its creditor constituencies; and (iv) refined negotiating skills. A wide variety of considerations makes any evaluation of the outcome of an investment in a financially distressed company uncertain. These considerations include the possibility of litigation between the participants in a reorganization or liquidation proceeding or a requirement to obtain consents from governmental authorities or others, as well as numerous other factors. In addition, the Advisors may not have access to reliable and timely information concerning material developments affecting a company. The uncertainties inherent in evaluating such investments may be increased by legal and practical considerations which limit the access of the Advisors to reliable and timely information concerning material developments affecting an investment, or which cause lengthy delays in the completion of a reorganization or liquidation proceeding. Competition from other investors may also render it unadvisable for the Advisors to pursue intended results or promptly effect transactions.

 

Troubled company and other asset-based investments require active monitoring and will, at times, require participation in business strategy or reorganization proceedings by the Advisors. To the extent that an Advisor becomes involved in such proceedings, the Fund may have a more active participation in the affairs of the issuer. In addition, involvement by an Advisor in a company’s reorganization proceedings could result in the imposition of restrictions limiting the Fund’s ability to liquidate its position in the securities of the company.

 

23

 

 

A substantial portion of the Fund’s investments may be in obligations or securities that are rated below investment grade by recognized rating services such as Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. or Standard & Poor’s Financial Services, LLC, a subsidiary of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Securities rated below investment grade and unrated securities generally offer a higher current yield than that available from higher grade issues but typically involve greater risk. Securities rated below investment grade and unrated securities are typically subject to adverse changes in general economic conditions, to changes in the financial condition of their issuers and to price fluctuation in response to changes in interest rates. During periods of economic downturn or rising interest rates, issuers of securities rated below investment grade and unrated instruments may experience financial stress that could adversely affect their ability to make payments of principal and interest and increase the possibility of default. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may also decrease the values and liquidity of securities rated below investment grade and unrated securities, especially in a market characterized by a low volume of trading. In addition, the secondary market for high yield securities, which is concentrated in relatively few market makers, may not be as liquid as the secondary market for more highly rated securities. As a result, the Fund could find it more difficult to sell these securities or may be able to sell the securities only at prices lower than if such securities were widely traded.

 

Debt investments are subject to credit and interest rate risks. “Credit risk” refers to the likelihood that an issuer will default in the payment of principal and/or interest on an instrument and that an investor may not receive any or all of its principal or interest. Financial strength and solvency of an issuer are the primary factors influencing credit risk. In addition, lack or inadequacy of collateral or credit enhancement for a debt instrument may affect its credit risk. Credit risk may change over the life of an instrument, and debt obligations, which are rated by rating agencies, are often reviewed and may be subject to downgrade. “Interest rate risk” refers to the risks associated with market changes in interest rates. Interest rate changes may affect the value of a debt instrument indirectly (especially in the case of fixed rate debt securities) and directly (especially in the case of debt instruments whose rates are adjustable). In general, rising interest rates will negatively impact the price of a fixed rate debt instrument and falling interest rates will have a positive effect on price. Adjustable rate instruments also react to interest rate changes in a similar manner although generally to a lesser degree (depending, however, on the characteristics of the reset terms, including the index chosen, frequency of reset and reset caps or floors, among other factors). Interest rate sensitivity is generally more pronounced and less predictable in instruments with uncertain payment or prepayment schedules. In addition, interest rate increases generally will increase the interest carrying costs to the Fund of borrowed securities and leveraged investments.

 

As of the date of this prospectus, interest rates in the United States are at, or near, historic lows, which may increase the Fund’s exposure to risks associated with rising interest rates. Moreover, interest rate levels are currently impacted by extraordinarily accommodative monetary policy initiatives the effect of which is impossible to predict with certainty. Actions taken by the U.S. Federal Reserve Board (“Federal Reserve”) or foreign central banks to stimulate or stabilize economic growth, such as decreases or increases in short-term interest rates, may adversely affect markets, which could, in turn, negatively impact Fund performance.

 

In addition, the Fund may agree to buy or sell bank claims or other similar private paper, with an understanding that formal written contracts for the purchase or sale will be prepared at a later date. The terms of these contracts may be less favorable than the Fund anticipated. In some circumstances, they may be so unfavorable that the Fund decides to terminate the proposed transaction. Such investments may result in losses to the Fund.

 

The Fund may from time to time make investments in securities of private companies without an active trading market. Traditional exit opportunities for such investments have consisted primarily of initial public offerings and acquisitions of portfolio companies by publicly traded companies, often for stock. The ability of the Fund to sell securities and realize investment gains will depend upon favorable market conditions. Initial public offering and merger and acquisition opportunities may be more limited or non-existent for extended periods of time, whether due to economic, regulatory, or other factors. In addition, general fluctuations in the market prices of securities may affect the value of the investments held by the Fund. Therefore, there is no assurance that the Fund will be able to realize liquidity for such investments in a timely manner, if at all.

 

The Fund’s investments may also be adversely affected by changes in economic conditions or political events that are beyond its control. For example, a market crash, a war, an act of terrorism, or the death of a major political figure may have significant adverse effects on the Fund’s investment results.

 

24

 

 

Nature of Bankruptcy Proceedings

 

The Fund may invest in the securities and obligations of distressed and bankrupt issuers, including debt obligations that are in covenant or payment default. Such investments generally are considered speculative. The repayment of defaulted obligations is subject to significant uncertainties. Defaulted obligations might be repaid, if at all, only after lengthy workout or bankruptcy proceedings, during which the issuer might not make any interest or other payments and the amount of any recovery may be affected by the relative security of the Fund’s investment in the capital structure of the issuer. Certain debt securities in which the Fund invests could be subject to U.S. federal, state or non-U.S. bankruptcy laws or fraudulent transfer or conveyance laws, if such securities were issued with the intent of hindering, delaying or defrauding creditors or, in certain circumstances, if the issuer receives less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration in return for issuing such securities. If a court were to find that the issuance of the securities was a fraudulent transfer or conveyance, the court could void the payment obligations under the securities, further subordinate the securities to other existing and future indebtedness of the issuer or require the Fund to repay any amounts received by it with respect to the securities. In addition, under certain circumstances, payments to the Fund may be reclaimed if any such payment or distribution is later determined to have been a fraudulent conveyance or a preferential payment. If the Fund or an Advisor are found to have interfered with the affairs of a company in which the Fund holds a debt investment, to the detriment of other creditors or investors of such company, the Fund may be held liable for damages to injured parties or a bankruptcy court. Moreover, such debt may be disallowed or subordinated to the claims of other creditors or treated as equity.

 

There are a number of significant risks arising out of investments in companies involved in bankruptcy proceedings, including the following: First, many events in a bankruptcy are the product of contested matters and adversary proceedings that are beyond the control of the creditors. Second, a bankruptcy filing may have adverse and permanent effects on a company. For instance, the company may lose its market position and key employees or otherwise become incapable of emerging from bankruptcy and restoring itself as a viable entity. Further, if the bankruptcy proceeding is converted to a liquidation, the liquidation value of the company may not equal the liquidation value that was believed to exist at the time of the investment. Third, the duration of a bankruptcy proceeding is difficult to predict. A creditor’s return on investments can be adversely affected by delays while a plan of reorganization is being negotiated, approved by the creditors and confirmed by the bankruptcy court, and until such time as such plan ultimately becomes effective. Fourth, in certain jurisdictions, the administrative costs incurred in connection with a bankruptcy proceeding are frequently high and will be paid out of the debtor’s estate prior to any return to creditors. Fifth, in certain jurisdictions, creditors can lose their ranking and priority if they exercise “domination and control” over a debtor and other creditors can demonstrate that they have been harmed by such actions, particularly in the case of investments made prior to the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings. Sixth, certain claims, such as claims for taxes, may have priority by law over the claims of certain creditors. Seventh, if the Fund seeks representation on creditor’s committees, it may owe certain obligations generally to all similarly situated creditors that the committee represents and it may be subject to various trading or confidentiality restrictions. As the Fund will indemnify any person serving on a committee or the board of directors on its behalf for claims arising from breaches of those obligations, indemnification obligations could adversely affect the return on any investment related to a reorganization.

 

The stocks of most foreign companies that trade in the U.S. markets are traded as ADRs. U.S. depositary banks issue these stocks. Each ADR represents one or more shares of foreign stock or a fraction of a share. The price of an ADR corresponds to the price of the foreign stock in its home market, adjusted to the ratio of the ADRs to foreign company shares. Therefore while purchasing a security on a U.S. exchange, the risks inherently associated with foreign investing still apply to ADRs.

 

PIPEs

 

The Fund may make private investments in public companies whose stocks are quoted on stock exchanges or which trade in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) securities market, a type of investment commonly referred to as a “PIPE” transaction. PIPE transactions will generally result in the Fund acquiring either restricted stock or an instrument convertible into restricted stock. As with investments in other types of restricted securities, such an investment may be illiquid. The Fund’s ability to dispose of securities acquired in PIPE transactions may depend upon the registration of such securities for resale. Any number of factors may prevent or delay a proposed registration. Even if the Fund is able to have securities acquired in a PIPE transaction registered or sell such securities through an exempt transaction, the Fund may not be able to sell all the securities on short notice, and the sale of the securities could lower the market price of the securities.

 

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DIP Loans

 

The Fund may invest in debtor-in-possession (“DIP”) loans. DIP loans involve a fundamental credit risk based on the borrower’s ability to make principal and interest payments and the inherent risks in the bankruptcy process. DIP loans are subject to a court approval process in which parties-in-interest may be heard but there can be no assurance that the Fund would be successful in obtaining favorable results. If the calculations of an Advisor as to the outcome or timing of a reorganization are inaccurate, a company that has filed for bankruptcy may not be able to make payments on a DIP loan on time or at all. In addition, DIP loans may be privately negotiated transactions, each of which has individualized terms. These positions may be illiquid and difficult to value. DIP loans may be subject to price volatility due to various factors including, but not limited to, changes in interest rates, market perception of the creditworthiness of the borrower and general market liquidity.

 

Bank Loans, Participations and Assignments

 

The Fund’s investment program may include investments in bank loans, including directly through assignment and indirectly through participations. These obligations are subject to unique risks, including: (i) the possible invalidation of an investment transaction as a fraudulent conveyance under relevant creditors’ rights laws; (ii) so-called lender-liability claims by the issuer or creditors of the obligations; (iii) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations; and (iv) limitations on the ability of the Fund to directly enforce its rights with respect to participations. In analyzing each bank loan or participation, the Advisors compare the relative significance of the risks against the expected benefits of the investment. Successful claims by third parties arising from these and other risks will be borne by the Fund.

 

In the event of the insolvency of the selling institution, the Fund, by owning a participation interest, may be treated as a general unsecured creditor of the selling institution and may not benefit from any set off between the selling institution and the borrower. In addition, the Fund may purchase a participation interest from a selling institution that does not itself retain any portion of the applicable loan and, therefore, may have limited interest in monitoring the terms of the loan agreement and the continuing creditworthiness of the borrower. When the Fund holds a participation interest in a loan it will not have the right to vote under the applicable loan agreement with respect to every matter that arises thereunder and it is expected that each selling institution will reserve the right to administer the loan sold by it as it sees fit and to amend the documentation evidencing such loan in all respects. Selling institutions voting in connection with such matters may have interests different from those of the Fund and may fail to consider the interests of the Fund in connection with their votes.

 

The purchaser of an assignment of an interest in a loan typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning selling institution and becomes a lender under the loan agreement with respect to that loan. As a purchaser of an assignment, the Fund generally will have the same voting rights as other lenders under the applicable loan agreement, including the right to vote to waive enforcement of breaches of covenants or to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement and the right to set off claims against the borrower and to have recourse to collateral supporting the loan. Assignments are, however, arranged through private negotiations between assignees and assignors and in certain cases the rights and obligations acquired by the purchaser of an assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assigning selling institution.

 

Assignments and participations are sold strictly without recourse to the selling institutions and the selling institutions will generally make no representations or warranties about the underlying loan, the borrowers, the documentation of the loans or any collateral securing the loans. In addition, the Fund will be bound by provisions of the underlying loan agreements, if any, that require the preservation of the confidentiality of information provided by the borrower. Because of certain factors including confidentiality provisions, the unique and customized nature of the loan agreement and the private syndication of the loan, loans are not purchased or sold as easily as are publicly traded securities.

 

Covenant-Lite Loans

 

The Fund may invest in “covenant-lite” loans. Certain financial institutions may define “covenant-lite” loans differently, but such obligations generally contain fewer financial maintenance covenants (or no maintenance covenants at all), including terms that allow the lender to monitor the financial performance of the borrower and declare a default if certain criteria are breached. In addition, covenant-lite loans may have specific tranches that contain fewer or no restrictive covenants. While these loans may still contain other collateral protections, a covenant-lite loan may carry more risk than a covenant-heavy loan made by the same borrower as it does not require the borrower to provide affirmation that certain specific financial tests have been satisfied on a routine basis as is required under a covenant-heavy loan agreement. The Fund may experience relatively greater realized or unrealized losses or delays in enforcing its rights on its holdings of certain covenant-lite loans than its holdings of loans with the usual covenants.

 

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Event Driven Situation Investing

 

The Fund may focus on securities or indebtedness of companies that are engaging, or which have recently been engaged, in extraordinary transactions and in other special situations (“Event Driven Situations”). Investing in Event Driven Situations entails discovering value by analyzing companies experiencing corporate change. These situations include investing in companies that an Advisor believes are likely to become the subject of a takeover, merger, exchange offer, rights offering, restructuring, liquidation, spin off or any other extraordinary event that an Advisor believes would be likely to increase the value of the companies’ debt or equity securities. Investments in Event Driven Situations typically will entail a higher degree of risk than investments in companies that are not engaging in or have recently engaged in Event Driven Situations. If an evaluation of the anticipated outcome of an Event Driven Situation should prove incorrect, the Fund could experience losses. The uncertainties inherent in evaluating such investments may be increased by legal and practical considerations which limit the access of the Advisors and their respective affiliates to reliable and timely information concerning material developments affecting an investment.

 

The Fund may invest and trade in securities and obligations of U.S. or non-U.S. companies which it believes are undervalued in the sense that, although they are not the subject of an announced Event Driven Situation transaction, the companies are, in the view of an Advisor, potential candidates for such transaction. In such a case, if the anticipated transaction does not in fact occur, the Fund may sell the investments at a loss.

 

The Fund may invest in the securities of a company engaging in an Event Driven Situation after the event has been announced. Since the price offered for securities of a company involved in an announced transaction may be at a significant premium above the market price prior to the announcement, in the event the proposed transaction is not consummated, the value of such securities held by the Fund will decline significantly if their market price returns to a level comparable to that which exists prior to the announcement of the transaction. Furthermore, the difference between the price paid by the Fund for securities of a company involved in an announced transaction and the anticipated value to be received for such securities upon consummation of the proposed transaction will often be very small. If the proposed transaction appears likely not to be consummated or, in fact, is not consummated or is delayed, the market price of the securities will usually decline sharply, perhaps by more than the Fund’s anticipated profit.

 

Investing in securities in anticipation of a merger is extremely competitive. The Fund competes with firms, including many of the larger investment banking firms, which have substantially greater financial resources, larger research staffs and more securities traders than are available to the Fund. The Fund will attempt to assess all of the foregoing risk factors, and others, in determining the extent of the position it will take in the relevant securities and the price it is willing to pay for such securities. However, such risks cannot be eliminated.

 

Bankruptcy Claims

 

The Fund may invest in bankruptcy claims which are amounts owed to creditors of companies in financial difficulty. Bankruptcy claims are illiquid and generally do not pay interest and there can be no guarantee that the debtor will ever be able to satisfy the obligation on the bankruptcy claim. Because bankruptcy claims are frequently unsecured, holders of such claims may have a lower priority in terms of payment than certain other creditors in a bankruptcy proceeding. In addition, under certain circumstances, payments and distributions may be reclaimed if any such payment is later determined to have been a fraudulent conveyance or a preferential payment.

 

Equitable Subordination

 

A number of judicial decisions in the United States have upheld the right of borrowers to pursue lending institutions and others on the basis of various evolving legal theories (collectively termed “lender liability”). Generally, lender liability is founded upon the premise that a lender has violated a duty (whether implied or contractual) of good faith and fair dealing owed to the borrower or has assumed a degree of control over the borrower that creates a fiduciary duty owed to the borrower or its other creditors or shareholders. Because of the nature of certain of the Fund’s investments, the Fund could be subject to allegations of lender liability.

 

Under common law principles in the United States that in some cases form the basis for lender liability claims, if a lender (a) intentionally takes an action that results in the undercapitalization of a borrower or issuer to the detriment of other creditors of such borrower or issuer, (b) engages in other inequitable conduct to the detriment of such other creditors, (c) engages in fraud with respect to, or makes misrepresentations to, such other creditors or (d) uses its influence as a stockholder to dominate or control a borrower or issuer to the detriment of other creditors of such borrower or issuer, a court may elect to subordinate the claim of the offending lender or bondholder to the claims of the disadvantaged creditor or creditors (a remedy called “equitable subordination”). The Fund does not intend to engage in conduct that would form the basis for a successful cause of action based upon the equitable subordination doctrine; however, because of the nature of the debt obligations, the Fund may be subject to claims from creditors of an obligor that debt obligations of such obligor which are held by the Fund should be equitably subordinated.

 

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Participation on Creditors’ Committees

 

The Fund may participate on committees formed by creditors to negotiate the management of financially troubled companies that may or may not be in bankruptcy, or may seek to negotiate directly with debtors with respect to restructuring issues. If the Fund joins a creditors’ committee, the participants of the committee would be interested in obtaining an outcome that is in their respective individual best interests and there can be no assurance of obtaining results most favorable to the Fund in such proceedings. By participating on such committees, the Fund may be deemed to have duties to other creditors represented by the committees, which might thereby expose the Fund to liability to such other creditors who disagree with the actions of the Fund, as the case may be.

 

Use of Leverage: Risk of Borrowing by the Fund

 

The Fund expects to employ leverage through a secured credit facility to achieve its investment objective and may consider other potential uses in the future. The Fund’s willingness to use leverage, and the extent to which leverage is used at any time, will depend on many factors, including an Advisor’s assessment of the yield curve environment, interest rate trends, market conditions and other factors.

 

The Fund may incur permanent, Fund-level leverage including through, but not limited to, bridge, asset-backed facilities, financing transactions from prime brokers or custodians, short-sales and/or related to the Fund’s hedging activities. Borrowings by the Fund will further diminish returns (or increase losses on capital) to the extent overall returns are less than the Fund’s cost of funds. Such debt exposes the Fund to refinancing, recourse and other risks. As a general matter, the presence of leverage can accelerate losses.

 

Subject to prevailing market conditions, the Fund may add financial leverage if, immediately after such borrowing, it would have asset coverage (as defined in the 1940 Act) of 300% or more (in the event leverage is obtained solely through debt) or 200% or more (in the event leverage is obtained solely though preferred stock). For example, if the Fund has $100 in net assets, it may utilize leverage through obtaining debt of up to $50, resulting in $150 in total assets (or 300% asset coverage). The Fund does not presently intend to obtain leverage through preferred stock. The Fund may use leverage opportunistically and may choose to increase or decrease its leverage, or use different types or combinations of leveraging instruments, at any time based on the Fund’s assessment of market conditions and the investment environment. The Fund currently expects to employ leverage representing approximately 10-20% of the Fund’s assets.

 

The 1940 Act generally limits the extent to which the Fund may utilize borrowings and “uncovered” transactions that may give rise to a form of leverage, including reverse repurchase agreements, swaps, futures and forward contracts, options, the leverage incurred in securities lending and other derivative transactions or short selling, together with any other senior securities representing indebtedness, by requiring asset coverage (as defined in the 1940 Act) immediately after any borrowing of 300% or more. To the extent the Fund “covers” its commitment under these transactions, such instrument will not be considered a “senior security” by the Fund and therefore will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings (or, as the case may be, the 200% asset coverage requirement applicable to preferred shares). The Fund will “cover” its applicable positions by segregating an amount of cash and/or liquid securities to the extent required by the 1940 Act and applicable SEC interpretations and guidance from time to time.

 

Alternatively, the Fund may enter into an offsetting position or own positions covering its obligations with respect to a transaction; otherwise, the transaction will be considered “uncovered.” The Fund may not cover an applicable derivative transaction if it does not need to do so to comply with the foregoing 1940 Act requirements and, in the view of the Advisor, the assets that would have been used to cover could be better used for a different purpose. However, these transactions, even if covered, may represent a form of economic leverage and will create risks. The potential loss on derivative instruments may be substantial relative to the initial investment therein. In addition, these segregation and coverage requirements could result in the Fund maintaining securities positions that it would otherwise liquidate, segregating assets at a time when it might be disadvantageous to do so or otherwise restricting portfolio management. Such segregation and cover requirements will not limit or offset losses on related positions.

 

The Advisors expect that the Fund’s borrowings may ultimately be secured with a security interest in investments. In times of adverse market conditions, the Fund may be required to post additional collateral that could affect the Fund’s liquidity. Incurrence of indebtedness at the level of the Fund (or entity through which it invests) may, among others, have the following consequences to Shareholders, including, but not limited to: (i) greater fluctuations in the NAV of the Fund’s assets; (ii) use of cash flow for debt service, distributions, or other purposes (and prospective investors should specifically note in this regard that, for the avoidance of doubt, in connection with one or more credit facilities entered into by the Fund, distributions to Shareholders may be subordinated to payments required in connection with any indebtedness contemplated thereby); (iii) to the extent that Fund revenues are required to meet principal payments, Shareholders may be allocated income (and therefore tax liability) in excess of cash distributed; and (iv) in certain circumstances, the Fund may be required to dispose of investments at a loss or otherwise on unattractive terms in order to service its debt obligations or meet its debt covenants. There can be no assurance that the Fund will have sufficient cash flow to meet its debt service obligations. As a result, the Fund’s exposure to foreclosure and other losses may be increased due to the illiquidity of its investments.

 

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In addition, the Fund may need to refinance its outstanding debt as it matures. There is a risk that the Fund may not be able to refinance existing debt or that the terms of any refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of any then existing loan agreements. If prevailing interest rates or other factors at the time of refinancing result in higher interest rates upon refinancing, then the interest expense relating to that refinanced indebtedness would increase. These risks could adversely affect the Fund’s financial condition, cash flows and the return on its investments.

 

With respect to any asset-backed facility entered into by the Fund (or an affiliate thereof), a decrease in the market value of the Fund’s investments would increase the effective amount of leverage and could result in the possibility of a violation of certain financial covenants pursuant to which the Fund must repay the borrowed funds to the lender. Liquidation of the Fund’s investments at an inopportune time in order to satisfy such financial covenants could adversely impact the performance of the Fund and could, if the value of its investments had declined significantly, cause the Fund to lose all or a substantial amount of its capital. In the event of a sudden, precipitous drop in the value of the Fund’s assets, the Fund might not be able to dispose of assets quickly enough to pay off its debt resulting in a foreclosure or other total loss of some or all of the pledged assets. Fund-level debt facilities typically include other covenants such as, but not limited to, covenants against the Fund incurring or being in default under other recourse debt, including certain Fund guarantees of asset level debt, which, if triggered could cause adverse consequences to the Fund if it is unable to cure or otherwise mitigate such breach.

 

Sovereign and Other Governmental Debt Investments

 

The Fund may invest its assets in sovereign and other governmental debt instruments, which involve special risks. The governmental authority that controls the repayment of the sovereign and other governmental debt may be unwilling or unable to repay the principal and/or interest when due in accordance with the terms of such securities due to: (i) the extent of its foreign reserves; (ii) the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due; (iii) the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole; or (iv) the government debtor’s policy towards the International Monetary Fund and the political constraints to which a government debtor may be subject. In addition, sovereign and other governmental debt instruments may be subject to credit spread risks resulting from exposures to changes in a sovereign and other governmental issuer’s probability of default, expected recovery rate and actual default. In recent years, some sovereign and other governmental issuers have encountered difficulties in servicing their external debt obligations, which led to defaults on certain obligations and the restructuring of certain indebtedness. If an issuer of sovereign and other governmental debt defaults on payments of principal and/or interest, the Fund may have limited legal recourse against the issuer and/or guarantor. In certain cases, remedies must be pursued in the courts of the defaulting party itself, and the Fund’s ability to obtain recourse may be limited. All of the Fund’s investments in sovereign and other governmental debt instruments will be subject to typical market risks. See “Nature of Investments” above.

 

Securities Lending

 

The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of credit, consist of the failure of another party, in this case the approved intermediary, to comply with the terms of agreement entered into between the lender of the securities (i.e., the Fund) and the approved intermediary (i.e., the prime broker). Such failure to comply can result in the possible loss of rights in the collateral put up by the borrower of the securities, the inability of the approved intermediary to return the securities deposited by the Fund and the possible loss of any corporate benefits (including, without limitation, certain voting rights) accruing to the Fund from the securities deposited with the approved intermediary.

 

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Fraud and Misconduct

 

Of paramount concern in lending is the possibility of material misrepresentation or omission on the part of the borrower. Such inaccuracy or incompleteness may adversely affect the valuation of the collateral underlying the loans or may adversely affect the ability of the Fund to perfect or effectuate a lien on the collateral securing the loan. The Fund generally relies upon the accuracy and completeness of representations made by borrowers, but cannot guarantee such accuracy or completeness. Under certain circumstances, payments to the Fund may be reclaimed if any such payment or distribution is later determined to have been a fraudulent conveyance or a preferential payment. Instances of fraud and other deceptive practices committed by senior management of certain companies in which the Fund invests may undermine an Advisor’s due diligence efforts with respect to such companies, and if such fraud is discovered, negatively affect the valuation of the Fund’s investments. In addition, when discovered, financial fraud may contribute to overall market volatility, which can negatively impact the Fund’s investment program. Misconduct by employees of the Advisors or by third party service providers could cause significant losses to the Fund. Employee misconduct may include binding the Fund to transactions that exceed authorized limits or present unacceptable risks and unauthorized trading activities or concealing unsuccessful trading activities (which, in either case, may result in unknown and unmanaged risks or losses). Losses could also result from actions by third party service providers, including, without limitation, failing to recognize trades and misappropriating assets. In addition, employees and third party service providers may improperly use or disclose confidential information, which could result in litigation or serious financial harm, including limiting the Fund’s business prospects or future marketing activities. No assurances can be given that the due diligence performed by the Advisors will identify or prevent any such misconduct.

 

Liquidity and Valuation

 

The Fund may invest in securities which are subject to legal or other restrictions on transfer or for which no liquid market exists. The sale of restricted and illiquid securities often requires more time and results in higher brokerage charges or dealer discounts and other selling expenses than does the sale of securities eligible for trading on national securities exchanges or in the OTC markets. Restricted securities may sell at a price lower than similar securities that are not subject to restrictions on resale. Because the markets for such securities are still evolving, liquidity in these securities is limited and liquidity with respect to lower-rated and unrated subordinated classes may be even more limited. The Fund may be unable to liquidate all or a portion of its position in such securities. In addition, the market prices, if any, for such securities tend to be more volatile and the Fund may not be able to realize what it perceives to be their fair value in the event of a sale. The high yield securities markets have suffered periods of extreme illiquidity for certain types of instruments in the past. For these reasons, among others, calculating the fair market value of the Fund’s holdings may be difficult. The Board has delegated day-to-day responsibility for implementing the portfolio valuation process set forth in the Fund’s valuation policy to the Advisor, and has authorized the Advisor to utilize the independent third-party pricing services and independent third-party valuation services that have been approved by the Board at the Fund’s expense. If market quotations for the Fund’s investments are not readily available, the Advisor may seek to value the Fund’s investments by testing possible sales prices for such investments with at least one potential investor or, if there are market makers, by obtaining quotations and may sell investments through such pricing mechanism. Should no quotes be available for a particular investment, the Fund will determine the fair market value of such investment in good faith. Illiquid securities are subject to wide spreads. Fair valuation is not exact and prices can vary significantly from one period to the next.

 

Investments in Equity Securities

 

The Fund may invest its assets in equity securities, including preferred or common stocks. Investments in equity securities of small or medium-sized market capitalization companies will have more limited marketability than the securities of larger companies. In addition, securities of smaller companies may have greater price volatility. All of the Fund’s investments in stocks will be subject to normal market risks. While diversification among issuers may mitigate these risks, investors must expect fluctuations in the value of equity securities held by the Fund based on market conditions.

 

Control Investments

 

Although the focus of the Fund is on non-control investments, the Fund may make control investments. The exercise of control over a company imposes additional risks of liability for environmental damage, product defect, failure to supervise management, violation of governmental regulations and other types of liability, in which the limited liability characteristic of business operations may be ignored. The exercise of control over a portfolio investment could expose the assets of the Fund to claims by the portfolio companies underlying such investments, its security holders and its creditors. While the Advisor intends to manage the Fund to minimize exposure to these risks, the possibility of successful claims cannot be precluded.

 

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The Fund may also be exposed to risk in connection with the disposition of these investments. When disposing of these investments, the Fund may be required to make representations and warranties about the business and financial affairs of the investments typical of those made in connection with the sale of any business, or may be responsible for the contents of disclosure documents under applicable securities law. The Fund may also be required to indemnify the purchasers of such investment or underwriters to the extent that any such representations and warranties or disclosure documents turn out to be incorrect, inaccurate or misleading. These arrangements may result in contingent liabilities, which will be borne by the Fund and such liabilities may exceed the value of the Fund’s investments.

 

In addition, the Fund may not be able to dispose of these investments when it desires to do so. Some of these investments may be subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale by the Fund. In some instances, the disposition of these investments may require lengthy negotiations.

 

Minority Positions

 

The Fund may hold minority positions in issuers. Accordingly, the Fund may not be able to exercise control over such issuers. In addition, in certain situations, including where the issuer is in bankruptcy or undergoing a reorganization, minority investors may be subject to the decisions taken by majority investors and the outcome of the Fund’s investment may depend on such majority-controlled decisions, which decisions may not be consistent with the Fund’s objectives.

 

Certain Non-U.S. Investments

 

The Fund expects to invest a portion of its assets outside of the United States. Non-U.S. securities or instruments involve certain factors not typically associated with investing in U.S. securities or instruments, including risks relating to (i) currency exchange matters, including fluctuations in the rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar and the various non-U.S. currencies in which the Fund’s non-U.S. investments are denominated, and costs associated with conversion of investment principal and income from one currency into another; (ii) differences in conventions relating to documentation, settlement, corporate actions, stakeholder rights and other matters; (iii) differences between the U.S. and non-U.S. securities markets, including higher rates of inflation, higher transaction costs and potential price volatility in, and relative illiquidity of, some non-U.S. securities markets; (iv) the absence of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and disclosure requirements and less governmental supervision and regulation in some countries; (v) certain economic, social and political risks, including potential exchange control regulations and restrictions on non-U.S. investment and repatriation of capital, the risks of political, economic or social instability, including the risk of sovereign defaults, and the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation and adverse economic and political development; (vi) the possible imposition of non-U.S. taxes on income and gains recognized with respect to such securities or instruments; (vii) differing, and potentially less well developed or well-tested laws regarding creditor’s rights (including the rights of secured parties), corporate governance, fiduciary duties and the protection of investors; (viii) difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations; (ix) differences in the legal and regulatory environment or enhanced legal and regulatory compliance; (x) reliance on a more limited number of commodity inputs, service providers and/or distribution mechanisms; (xi) political hostility to investments by foreign or private investment fund investors; and (xii) less publicly available information.

 

The Fund may invest in the securities of emerging countries. The securities markets of emerging countries are substantially smaller, less developed, less liquid and more volatile than the securities markets of the U.S. and other more developed countries. Disclosure and regulatory standards in many respects are less stringent than in the U.S. and other major markets. There also may be a lower level of monitoring and regulation of emerging markets and the activities of investors in such markets, and enforcement of existing regulations has been extremely limited. Economies in individual emerging markets may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rates of inflation, currency depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments positions. Many emerging market countries have experienced high rates of inflation for many years, which has had and may continue to have very negative effects on the economies and securities markets of those countries.

 

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In addition, the Fund’s investments in the debt of issuers located in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions may be adversely affected as a result of the ownership or control of an equity stake in such issuers by the Advisors and/or their affiliates. For example, in certain circumstances, the Fund could be subject to German “equity substitution rules” (similar to equitable subordination in the United States) if an issuer in which the Fund holds a debt investment and in which the Advisors and/or their affiliates hold an equity investment was to become insolvent. In such case, among other things, (i) the Fund may not be able to enforce its rights with respect to collateral, if any, (ii) the debt held by the Fund may be subordinated and (iii) the receiver may be entitled to reclaim amounts paid to the Fund within one year of the filing for commencement of insolvency proceedings or thereafter. The laws of other non-U.S. jurisdictions in which the Fund may seek to invest may have rules similar to Germany’s “equity substitution rules” discussed above, and the consequences to the Fund with respect to such rules may be more or less severe. Moreover, additional laws and regulations in non-U.S. jurisdictions in which the Fund may invest may affect the Fund’s investments in such jurisdictions in a manner that differs adversely from the results that would occur under U.S. laws and regulations applied to similar facts.

 

Additionally, the Fund may be less influential than other market participants in jurisdictions where it or the Advisors do not have a significant presence. The Fund may be subject to additional risks, which include possible adverse political and economic development, possible seizure or nationalization of non-U.S. deposits and possible adoption of governmental restrictions that might adversely affect the payment of principal and interest to investors located outside the country of the issuer, whether from currency blockage or otherwise. Furthermore, some of the securities may be subject to brokerage taxes levied by governments, which has the effect of increasing the cost of such investment and reducing the realized gain or increasing the realized loss on such securities at the time of sale. While the Advisors intend, where deemed appropriate, to manage the Fund in a manner that will minimize exposure to the foregoing risks and will take these factors into consideration in making investment decisions for the Fund, there can be no assurance that adverse developments with respect to such risks will not adversely affect the assets of the Fund that are held in certain countries.

 

Foreign Currency and Exchange

 

The Fund’s Shares are denominated in U.S. dollars and will be issued in U.S. dollars. A portion of the Fund’s investments (and the income and gains received by the Fund in respect of such investments) may be denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. However, the books of the Fund will be maintained, and contributions to and distributions from the Fund will generally be made, in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange controls may materially adversely affect the value of the investments and the other assets of the Fund. For example, any significant depreciation in the exchange rate of the Euro, or any other currency in which the Fund makes investments, against the U.S. dollar, could adversely affect the value of dividends or proceeds on investments denominated in the Euro or such other currencies. In addition, the Fund will incur costs, which may be significant, in connection with the conversion of various currencies. The Advisors generally intend to hedge the foreign currency exposure of the Fund; however, the Fund will necessarily be subject to foreign exchange risks. In addition, prospective investors whose assets and liabilities are predominantly in other currencies should take into account the potential risk of loss arising from fluctuations in value between U.S. dollars and such other currencies. The Fund may enter into forward contracts to hedge exchange risk exposure.

 

Brexit

 

The United Kingdom (the “UK”) withdrew from the European Union (“EU”) and the European Economic Area (“EEA”) on January 31, 2020. Following withdrawal from the EU, the UK entered into a transition period during which period EU law continued to apply in the UK. New EU legislation that took effect before the end of the transition period also applies in the UK. The transition period ended on December 31, 2020. On December 30, 2020, the EU and the UK signed an agreement on the terms governing certain aspects of the EU’s and the UK’s relationship following the end of the transition period, the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (the “TCA”).

 

Notwithstanding the TCA and following the transition period, there is likely to be considerable uncertainty as to the UK’s post-transition framework, and, in particular, as to the arrangements that will apply to the UK’s relationships with the EU and with other countries, which is likely to continue to develop following December 31, 2020. This uncertainty may, at any stage, adversely affect the Fund and its investments. There may be detrimental implications for the value of the Fund’s investments and/or its ability to implement its investment program. This may be due to, among other things: (i) increased uncertainty and volatility in UK, EU and other financial markets; (ii) fluctuations in asset values; (iii) fluctuations in exchange rates; (iv) increased illiquidity of investments located, listed or traded within the UK, the EU or elsewhere; (v) changes in the willingness or ability of financial and other counterparties to enter into transactions, or the price at which and terms on which they are prepared to transact; and/or (vi) changes in legal and regulatory regimes to which certain of the Fund’s assets and/or service providers are or become subject.

 

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The UK’s departure from the EU has created a degree of political uncertainty, as well as uncertainty in monetary and fiscal policy, which is expected to continue following the end of the transition period. It may have a destabilizing effect on some of the remaining members of the EU, the effects of which may be felt particularly acutely by EU member states within the Eurozone.

 

Shadow Banking Regulation

 

There has been increasing commentary amongst regulators and intergovernmental institutions, including the Financial Stability Board and International Monetary Fund, on the topic of so-called “shadow banking” (a term generally taken to refer to credit intermediation involving entities and activities outside the regulated banking system).

 

The Financial Stability Board issued a report in July 2017 that recommended strengthening oversight and regulation of the “shadow banking” system in Europe. The report outlined initial steps to define the scope of the shadow banking system and proposed general governing principles for a monitoring and regulatory framework. In an extreme eventuality, it is possible that such regulations could render the continued operation of the Fund unviable and lead to its premature termination or restructuring.

 

Changes in LIBOR

 

Certain LIBORs were generally phased out by the end of 2021. There remains uncertainty regarding the future use of LIBOR, and the nature of any replacement rate. However, it is expected that the most widely used tenors of U.S. LIBOR may continue to be provided on a representative basis until mid-2023. In connection with supervisory guidance from regulators, some regulated entities have ceased to enter into new LIBOR-based contracts beginning January 1, 2022. As such, the potential effect of a transition away from LIBOR on the Fund or the LIBOR-based instruments in which the Fund invests cannot yet be determined. The transition process away from LIBOR may involve, among other things, increased volatility or illiquidity in markets for instruments that currently rely on LIBOR. The transition process may also result in a reduction in the value of certain instruments held by the Fund or reduce the effectiveness of related Fund transactions, such as hedges. Any potential effects of the transition away from LIBOR on the Fund or on financial instruments in which the Fund invests, as well as other unforeseen effects, could result in losses to the Fund. Since the usefulness of LIBOR as a benchmark or reference rate could deteriorate during the transition period, these effects could occur prior to and/or subsequent to mid-2023.

 

Alteration of the terms of a debt instrument or a modification of the terms of other types of contracts to replace an interbank offered rate with a new reference rate could result in a taxable exchange and the realization of income and gain/loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The IRS has issued proposed regulations regarding the tax consequences of the transition from interbank offered rates to new reference rates in debt instruments and non-debt contracts. Under the proposed regulations, to avoid such alteration or modification of the terms of a debt instrument being treated as a taxable exchange, among other requirements, the fair market value of the modified instrument or contract must be substantially equivalent to its fair market value before the qualifying change was made. The IRS may withdraw, amend or finalize, in whole or part, these proposed regulations and/or provide additional guidance, with potential retroactive effect.

 

The risks set out above are heightened with respect to investments in LIBOR-based products that do not include a fall back provision that addresses how interest rates will be determined if LIBOR stops being published. Other important factors include the pace of the transition, the specific terms of alternative reference rates accepted in the market, the depth of the market for investments based on alternative reference rates, and the Advisors’ ability to develop appropriate investment and compliance systems capable of addressing alternative reference rates.

 

Counterparty

 

Some of the markets in which the Fund may effect transactions are OTC or “interdealer” markets. The participants in such markets are typically not subject to credit evaluation and regulatory oversight as are members of “exchange-based” markets. This exposes the Fund to the risk that a counterparty will not settle a transaction in accordance with its terms and conditions because of a dispute over the terms of the contract (whether or not bona fide) or because of a credit or liquidity problem, thus causing the Fund to suffer a loss. Such “counterparty risk” is accentuated for contracts with longer maturities where events may intervene to prevent settlement, or where the Fund has concentrated its transactions with a single or small group of counterparties. The Fund is not restricted from dealing with any particular counterparty or from concentrating any or all of its transactions with one counterparty. Moreover, the Fund’s internal credit function, which evaluates the creditworthiness of its counterparties, may prove insufficient. The lack of a complete and “foolproof” evaluation of the financial capabilities of the Fund’s counterparties and the absence of a regulated market to facilitate settlement may increase the potential for losses by the Fund. In addition, the Fund is expected to use counterparties located in various jurisdictions outside the United States. Such local counterparties are subject to various laws and regulations in various jurisdictions that are designed to protect their customers in the event of their insolvency. However, the practical effect of these laws and their application to the Fund’s assets are subject to substantial limitations and uncertainties. Because of the large number of entities and jurisdictions that may be involved and the range of possible factual scenarios involving the insolvency of a counterparty, it is impossible to generalize about the effect of their insolvency on the Fund and its assets. Investors should assume that the insolvency of any counterparty would result in a loss to the Fund, which could be material.

 

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The Fund is also subject to the risk of failure of any of the exchanges on which its positions trade or of their clearinghouses. Because securities owned by the Fund that are held by broker-dealers are generally not held in the Fund’s name, the bankruptcy of any such broker-dealer could have a greater adverse impact on the Fund than if such securities were registered in the Fund’s name.

 

Inflation

 

The Fund’s investments may be subject to inflation risk, which is the risk that the real value (i.e., nominal price of the asset adjusted for inflation) of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the purchasing power and value of money (i.e., as inflation increases, the real value of the Fund’s assets can decline). Inflation rates may change frequently and significantly as a result of various factors, including unexpected shifts in the domestic or global economy and changes in monetary or economic policies (or expectations that these policies may change), and the Fund’s investments may not keep pace with inflation, which would generally adversely affect the real value of the Fund shareholders’ investment in the Fund. In addition, this risk may be significantly elevated compared to normal conditions because of recent monetary policy measures and the current interest rate environment.

 

Systemic

 

Credit risk may also arise through a default by one of several large institutions that are dependent on one another to meet their liquidity or operational needs, so that a default by one institution causes a series of defaults by the other institutions. This is sometimes referred to as a “systemic risk” and may adversely affect financial intermediaries, such as clearing agencies, clearing houses, banks, securities firms and exchanges, with which the Fund interacts on a daily basis.

 

Short Selling

 

The Fund’s investment program may include short selling. Short selling involves selling securities which may or may not be owned by the seller and borrowing the same securities for delivery to the purchaser, with an obligation to return the borrowed securities to the lender at a later date. Short selling allows the seller to profit from declines in market prices to the extent such decline exceeds the transaction costs and the costs of borrowing the securities and may be an important aspect of certain of the investment strategies of the Fund. The extent to which the Fund engages in short sales will depend upon its investment strategy and perception of market direction. A short sale creates the risk of a theoretically unlimited loss, in that the price of the underlying security could theoretically increase without limit, thus increasing the cost to the Fund of buying those securities to cover the short position. There can be no assurance that the securities necessary to cover a short position will be available for purchase at the time the Fund desires to close out such short position. Purchasing securities to close out the short position can itself cause the price of the securities to rise further, thereby exacerbating the loss. In addition, reporting requirements and limitations on the short selling of securities could interfere with the ability of the Fund to execute certain aspects of its investment strategies, including its ability to hedge certain exposures and execute transactions to implement its risk management guidelines, and any such limitations may adversely affect the performance of the Fund.

 

Arbitrage or Fundamental

 

Employing arbitrage and alternative strategies involves the risk that anticipated opportunities may not play out as planned, resulting in potentially reduced returns or losses to the Fund as it unwinds failed trades. With respect to the merger arbitrage strategy, the merger deal may terminate prior to closing, thereby imposing losses to the Fund.

 

Collateralized Loan Obligations

 

The Fund may invest in CLOs and other similarly structured investments. A CLO is an asset-backed security whose underlying collateral is a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign floating rate and fixed rate senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. In the case of most CLOs, the structured finance securities are issued in multiple tranches, offering investors various maturity and credit risk characteristics, often categorized as senior, mezzanine and subordinated/equity according to their degree of risk. If there are defaults or the relevant collateral otherwise underperforms, scheduled payments to senior tranches of such securities take precedence over those of mezzanine tranches, and scheduled payments to mezzanine tranches have a priority in right of payment to subordinated/equity tranches. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche which bears the bulk of defaults from the collateral and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Because it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CLO trust typically has higher ratings and lower yields than its underlying collateral and may be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity and mezzanine tranches, more senior tranches of CLOs can experience losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of more subordinate tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as aversion to CLO securities as a class.

 

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In light of the above, CLOs may therefore present risks similar to those of other types of debt obligations and, in fact, such risks may be of greater significance in the case of CLOs depending upon the Fund’s ranking in the capital structure. In certain cases, losses may equal the total amount of the Fund’s principal investment. Investments in structured vehicles involve risks, including credit risk and market risk. Changes in interest rates and credit quality may cause significant price fluctuations.

 

In addition to the general risks associated with investing in debt securities and asset backed securities (e.g., interest rate risk, credit risk and default risk), CLO securities carry additional risks, including: (1) the possibility that distributions from collateral assets will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (2) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (3) the Fund may invest in tranches of a CLO that are subordinate to other classes; and (4) the complex structure of a particular security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results. Additionally, changes in the collateral held by a CLO may cause payments on the instruments held by the Fund to be reduced, either temporarily or permanently. CLOs also may be subject to prepayment risk. Further, the performance of a CLO may be adversely affected by a variety of factors, including the security’s priority in the capital structure of the issuer thereof, the availability of any credit enhancement, the level and timing of payments and recoveries on and the characteristics of the underlying receivables, loans or other assets that are being securitized, remoteness of those assets from the originator or transferor, the adequacy of and ability to realize upon any related collateral and the capability of the servicer of the securitized assets. There are also the risks that the trustee of a CLO does not properly carry out its duties to the CLO, potentially resulting in loss to the CLO. In addition, the complex structure of the security may produce unexpected investment results, especially during times of market stress or volatility.

 

Options

 

The Fund may purchase and sell (“write”) options on equities on national and international securities exchanges and in the domestic and international OTC market. The seller (“writer”) of a put option which is covered (e.g., the writer has a short position in the underlying security) assumes the risk of an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the sales price (in establishing the short position) of the underlying security, plus the premium received and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered put option assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The buyer of a put option assumes the risk of losing its entire investment in the put option. If the buyer of the put holds the underlying security, the loss on the put will be offset in whole or in part by any gain on the underlying security.

 

The writer of a call option which is covered (e.g., the writer holds the underlying security) assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the value of the underlying security less the premium received and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered call option assumes the risk of a theoretically unlimited increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. The buyer of a call option assumes the risk of losing its entire investment in the call option. If the buyer of the call sells short the underlying security, the loss on the call will be offset, in whole or in part, by any gain on the short sale of the underlying security. Options may be cash settled, settled by physical delivery or by entering into a closing purchase or closing sale transaction. In entering into a closing purchase transaction, the Fund may be subject to the risk of loss to the extent that the premium paid for entering into such closing purchase transaction exceeds the premium received when the option was written.

 

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Stock Index and Market Options

 

The Fund may also purchase and sell call and put options on stock indices and ETFs listed on national securities exchanges or traded in the OTC market for the purpose of realizing its investment objective or for the purpose of hedging its portfolio. A stock index or ETF fluctuates with changes in the market values of the stocks included in the index or ETF. The effectiveness of purchasing or writing stock index or ETF options for hedging purposes will depend upon the extent to which price movements in the Fund’s portfolio correlate with price movements of the stock indices or ETFs selected. Because the value of an index or ETF option depends upon movements in the level of the index or ETF rather than the price of a particular stock, whether the Fund will realize gains or losses from the purchase or writing of options on indices or ETFs depends upon movements in the level of stock prices in the stock market generally or, in the case of certain indices or ETFs, in an industry or market segment, rather than movements in the price of particular stocks. Accordingly, successful use by the Fund of options on stock indices or ETFs will be subject to the ability of the Advisors to correctly predict movements in the direction of the stock market generally or of particular industries or market segments. This requires different skills and techniques than predicting changes in the price of individual stocks.

 

Credit Derivative Transactions

 

As part of its investment strategy, the Fund may enter into credit derivative transactions. Credit derivatives are transactions between two parties which are designed to isolate and transfer the credit risk associated with a third-party (the “reference entity”). Credit derivative transactions in their most common form consist of credit default swap transactions under which one party (the “credit protection buyer”) agrees to make one or more fixed payments in exchange for the other party’s (the “credit protection seller”) obligation to assume the risk of loss if an agreed-upon “credit event” occurs with respect to the reference entity. Credit events are specified in the contract and are intended to identify the occurrence of a significant deterioration in the creditworthiness of the reference entity (mainly a default on a material portion of its outstanding obligations, a bankruptcy or a restructuring of its debt). Upon the occurrence of a credit event, credit default swaps may be cash settled (either directly or by way of an auction) or physically settled. If the transaction is cash settled, the amount payable by the credit protection seller following a credit event will usually be determined by reference to the difference between the nominal value of a specified obligation of the reference entity and its market value after the occurrence of the credit event (which sometimes may be established in an industry-wide auction process). If the transaction is physically settled, the credit protection buyer will deliver an obligation of the reference entity that is either specified in the contract or the general characteristics are described therein to the credit protection seller in return for the payment of its nominal value. Credit derivatives may be used to create an exposure to the underlying asset or reference entity, to reduce existing exposure or to create a profit through trading differences in their buying and selling prices. There are a number of uncertainties in the tax laws relating to credit default swaps. There can be no assurance that the characterization adopted by the Fund with respect to a particular credit default swap will be respected by the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) or a court, and any recharacterization by the IRS, if successful, could adversely affect the Shareholders’ investments in the Fund.

 

Credit derivative transactions are an established feature of the financial markets and both the number of participants and range of products available have significantly increased over the years. Credit derivative transactions dependent upon credit events are priced incorporating many variables including the pricing and volatility of the common stock of the reference entity, potential loss upon default by the reference entity on any of its obligations, and the shape of the U.S. Treasury Market curve, among other factors. As such, there are many factors upon which market participants may have divergent views. Additionally, credit derivatives may require the posting of collateral. A bankruptcy of the collateral holder may result in losses to the extent posted collateral exceeds the obligations of the pledging party under the credit derivative transaction.

 

Transactions in certain derivatives are subject to trading and clearing on a U.S. national exchange and clearinghouse and to regulatory oversight, while other derivatives are subject to risks of trading in the OTC markets or on non-U.S. exchanges. Certain credit index derivatives are currently required to be traded on a Swap Execution Facility (“SEF”) and cleared through a registered clearinghouse. For swaps that are cleared through a clearinghouse, the Fund will face the clearinghouse as legal counterparty and will be subject to clearinghouse performance and credit risk. Clearinghouse collateral requirements may differ from and be greater than the collateral terms negotiated with derivatives counterparties in the OTC market, and U.S. regulators have discretion to set collateral requirements for trades that are not cleared through a clearinghouse. OTC derivative dealers will be required to post margin to the clearinghouse through which they clear their customers’ trades instead of using such margin in their operations, as they historically were allowed to do. This will further increase the dealers’ costs, which costs are expected to be passed through to other market participants in the form of higher fees and less favorable dealer marks. In addition, the Fund’s assets are also subject to the risk of the failure of any of the exchanges on which its positions trade or of its clearinghouses or counterparties.

 

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Swap Agreements

 

The Advisors may enter into swap agreements on behalf of the Fund. Swap agreements can be individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. Depending on their structure, swap agreements may increase or decrease the Fund’s exposure to long-term or short-term interest rates, foreign currency values, mortgage securities, corporate borrowing rates, or other factors such as security prices, baskets of securities, or inflation rates. Swap agreements can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names. The Fund is not limited to any particular form of swap agreement if an Advisor determines that other forms are consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies.

 

Swap agreements will tend to shift the Fund’s investment exposure from one type of investment to another. For example, if the Fund agrees to exchange payments in dollars for payments in foreign currency, the swap agreement would tend to decrease the Fund’s exposure to U.S. interest rates and increase its exposure to foreign currency and interest rates. Depending on how they are used, swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall volatility of the Fund’s portfolio. The most significant factor in the performance of swap agreements is the change in the specific interest rate, currency, individual equity values or other factors that determine the amounts of payments due to and from the Fund. If a swap agreement calls for payments by the Fund, then the Fund must be prepared to make such payments when due. In addition, if the counterparty’s creditworthiness declined, the value of a swap agreement would be likely to decline, potentially resulting in losses by the Fund.

 

Total Return Swaps

 

A total return swap is a contract in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to another party based on the change in market value of the assets underlying the contract, which may include a specified security, basket of securities, or securities indices during the specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the total return from other underlying assets. Total return swap agreements may be used to obtain exposure to a security or market without owning or taking physical custody of such security or investing directly in such market. Total return swap agreements may effectively add leverage to a fund’s portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. The primary risks associated with total return swaps are credit risk (if the counterparty fails to meet its obligations) and market risk (if there is no liquid market for the agreement or unfavorable changes occur to the underlying asset).

 

Clearing Houses, Counterparties and Exchange Insolvency

 

The liquidity of a secondary market in derivatives is subject to the risk of trading halts, suspensions, exchange or clearing house equipment failures, government intervention, insolvency of a brokerage firm or other disruptions of normal trading activity, including prime brokers refusing to clear or settle any trade.

 

Hedging Transactions

 

The distressed market in which the Fund may invest is subject to fluctuations and the market value of any particular investment may be subject to substantial variation. The entire market, or particular securities traded on a market, may decline even if earnings or other factors improve since the prices of debt securities and equity securities are subject to numerous economic, political, procedural and other factors that have little or no correlation to the performance of a particular company. The Fund may utilize a variety of financial instruments, such as derivatives, exchange-traded funds, options, shorting securities, interest rate swaps, caps and floors, futures and forward contracts, both for investment purposes and for risk management purposes. When used for hedging purposes, an imperfect or variable degree of correlation between price movements of the derivative instrument and the underlying investment sought to be hedged may prevent the Fund from achieving the intended hedging effect or expose the Fund to risk of loss. While the Fund may enter into hedging transactions to seek to reduce risk, such transactions may result in a poorer overall performance for the Fund than if it has not engaged in any such hedging transaction. The Advisors may determine not to hedge a position and may not identify appropriate risks to hedge. Moreover, it should be noted that the Fund’s portfolios will always be exposed to certain risks that cannot be hedged. In connection with a hedging transaction, the Fund may be required to allocate funds or provide a credit line to be used as collateral for the margin capital of the hedge. Such a requirement would tie up a portion of the Fund’s capital that could otherwise have been available for investment or for use in segregation in respect of certain derivative transactions engaged in by the Fund. This could cause the Fund to be less invested in its core investment strategy than it would have been absent such hedging transaction, and could possibly result in an adverse effect on the overall returns of the Fund.

 

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Trade Claims

 

The Fund may purchase trade claims against companies, including companies in bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings. For example, trade claims include claims of suppliers for goods delivered and not paid, claims for unpaid services rendered, claims for contract rejection damages and claims related to litigation. Trade claims may be purchased directly from the creditor or through brokers. An investment in trade claims is very speculative and carries a high degree of risk. Trade claims are illiquid instruments that generally do not pay interest and there can be no guarantee that the debtor will ever be able to satisfy the obligation on the trade claim. Additionally, there can be restrictions on the purchase, sale, and/or transferability of trade claims during all or part of a bankruptcy proceeding. The markets for trade claims are not regulated by U.S. federal securities laws or the SEC.

 

Trade claims can represent an attractive investment opportunity because these claims typically are priced at a discount to comparable public securities. This discount is a reflection of a less liquid market, a smaller universe of potential buyers and the risks peculiar to trade claim investing. In addition, because they are not negotiable instruments, trade claims are typically less liquid than negotiable instruments. Given these factors, trade claims often trade at a discount to other pari passu instruments.

 

Trade claims are typically unsecured and may be subordinated to other unsecured obligations of a debtor, and generally are subject to defenses of the debtor with respect to the underlying transaction giving rise to the trade claim. It is not unusual for trade claims to be priced at a discount to public securities that have an equal or lower priority claim. Trade claims are subject to risks not generally associated with securitized securities and instruments due to the idiosyncratic nature of the claims purchased. These risks include the risk that the debtor may contest the allowance of the claim due to disputes the debtor has with the original claimant or the inequitable conduct of the original claimant, or due to administrative errors in connection with the transfer of the claim. Recovery on allowed trade claims may also be impaired if the anticipated dividend payable on unsecured claims in the bankruptcy is not realized or if the timing of the bankruptcy distribution is delayed. Trade claims are also subject to the risk that if the Fund does receive payment, it may be in an amount less than what the Fund paid for or otherwise expects to receive in respect of the claim.

 

Convertible Hedging

 

If the market price of the underlying common stock increases above the conversion price on a convertible security, the price of the convertible security will increase. The Fund’s increased liability on any outstanding short position would, in whole or in part, reduce this gain.

 

Convertible Securities

 

The value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline. The credit standing of the issuer and other factors also may have an effect on the convertible security’s investment value.

 

Synthetic Convertible Instruments

 

The value of a synthetic convertible instrument will respond differently to market fluctuations than a convertible security because a synthetic convertible instrument is composed of two or more separate securities, each with its own market value. In addition, if the value of the underlying common stock or the level of the index involved in the convertible component falls below the exercise price of the warrant or option, the warrant or option may lose all value.

 

Covered Call Writing

 

As the writer of a covered call option on a security, the Fund foregoes, during the option’s life, the opportunity to profit from increases in the market value of the security, covering the call option above the sum of the premium and the exercise price of the call.

 

Forward Trading

 

The Fund may invest in forward contracts and options thereon, which, unlike futures contracts, are not traded on exchanges and are not standardized; rather banks and dealers act as principals in these markets, negotiating each transaction on an individual basis. Forward contracts may be entered into, for among other reasons, to hedge exchange risk exposure. Forward and “cash” trading is substantially unregulated; there is no limitation on daily price movements and speculative position limits are not applicable. The principals who deal in the forward markets are not required to continue to make markets in the currencies or commodities they trade and these markets can experience periods of illiquidity, sometimes of significant duration. There have been periods during which certain participants in these markets have refused to quote prices for certain currencies or commodities or have quoted prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they are prepared to buy and that at which they were prepared to sell. Disruptions can occur in any market traded by the Fund due to unusually high trading volume, political intervention or other factors. The imposition of controls by government authorities might also limit such forward (and futures) trading to less than that which the Advisors would otherwise recommend, to the possible detriment of the Fund. Market illiquidity or disruption could result in material losses to the Fund.

 

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Futures Transactions

 

Futures transactions involve the execution and clearing of trades on an exchange, the laws and regulations of which will vary depending on the country in which the transaction occurs. The Fund may not be afforded certain protections, including the right to use domestic alternative-dispute-resolution procedures depending on the exchange on which it participates in futures transactions. Also, monies received to margin foreign futures transactions may not be provided the same protections in all jurisdictions. In addition, the price of any futures or option contract and, therefore, the potential profit and loss resulting therefrom, may be affected by any fluctuation in the exchange rate between the time the order is placed and the futures contract is liquidated or the option contract is liquidated or exercised.

 

Liquidity of Futures Contracts

 

The Fund may at some future time use futures as part of its investment program. The Advisors and their affiliates will determine and pursue all steps that are necessary and advisable to ensure compliance with the U.S. Commodity Exchange Act, as amended (the “CEA”), and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Futures positions may be illiquid because certain commodity exchanges limit fluctuations in certain futures contract prices during a single day by regulations referred to as “daily price fluctuation limits” or “daily limits.” Under such daily limits, during a single trading day no trades may be executed at prices beyond the daily limits. Once the price of a particular futures contract has increased or decreased by an amount equal to the daily limit, positions in that contract can neither be entered into nor liquidated unless traders are willing to effect trades at or within the limit. Futures prices have occasionally moved beyond the daily limits for several consecutive days with little or no trading. OTC instruments generally are not as liquid as instruments traded on recognized exchanges. These constraints could prevent the Fund from promptly liquidating unfavorable positions and subject the Fund to substantial losses. In addition, the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission and various exchanges impose speculative position limits on the number of positions that may be indirectly held or controlled in particular commodities.

 

Temporary Investments

 

For defensive purposes, during periods in which the Fund determines that economic, market or political conditions are unfavorable to investors and a defensive strategy would benefit the Fund, the Fund may temporarily deviate from its investment strategies and objective. During such periods, the Fund may invest all or a portion of its assets in U.S. government securities, including bills, notes and bonds differing as to maturity and rates of interest that are either issued or guaranteed by the Treasury or by U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities; non-U.S. government securities which have received the highest investment grade credit rating, certificates of deposit issued against funds deposited in a bank or a savings and loan association; commercial paper; bankers’ acceptances; bank time deposits; shares of money market funds; credit-linked notes or repurchase agreements with respect to any of the foregoing. In addition, the Fund may also make these types of investments to comply with regulatory or contractual requirements, including with respect to leverage restrictions, or to keep cash fully invested pending the investment of assets. It is impossible to predict when, or for how long, the Fund will use these strategies. There can be no assurance that such strategies will be successful. The Fund is not required to adopt defensive positions or hedge its investments and may choose not to do so even in periods of extreme market volatility and economic uncertainty.

 

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Other Derivatives

 

The Fund may take advantage of opportunities in the area of swaps, options on various underlying instruments and certain other customized derivative instruments. In addition, the Fund may take advantage of opportunities with respect to certain other derivative instruments which are not presently contemplated for use by the Fund or which are currently not available. Derivative instruments contain much greater leverage than do non-margined purchases of the underlying instrument in as much as only a very small portion of the value of the underlying instrument is required to be deposited as collateral in order to effect such investments. If the counterparty to such a swap defaults, the Fund would lose any collateral deposits made with the counterparty in addition to the net amount of payments that it is contractually entitled to receive under the swap. Many derivatives instruments are traded on a principal to principal basis, in which performance with respect to such instruments is the responsibility of only the parties to the contract, and not of any exchange or clearinghouse. As a result, many of the protections afforded to participants on organized exchanges and in a regulated environment are not available in connection with these transactions and the Fund will be subject to counterparty risk relating to the inability or refusal of a counterparty to perform such derivatives contracts. If the counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the value of a swap agreement would be likely to decline, potentially resulting in losses to the Fund. Other risks may include market risk, liquidity risk, legal risk and operations risk. Special risks may apply to instruments which are invested in by the Fund in the future which cannot be determined at this time or until such instruments are developed or invested in by the Fund. For example, such derivative instruments are expected to be highly illiquid and it is possible that the Fund will not be able to terminate such derivative instruments prior to their expiration date or that the penalties associated with such a termination might impact the Fund’s performance in a material adverse manner. If the Fund seeks to participate through the use of such derivative instruments, the Fund will not acquire any voting interests or other shareholder rights that would be acquired with a direct investment in the underlying securities or financial instruments. Accordingly, the Fund will not participate in matters submitted to a vote of the shareholders. In addition, the Fund may not receive all of the information and reports to shareholders that the Fund would receive with a direct investment. Further, the Fund will pay the counterparty to any such derivative instrument structuring fees and ongoing transaction fees, which will reduce the investment performance of the Fund. Finally, certain aspects of the appropriate U.S. federal income tax treatment of such derivative instruments are uncertain and, the Fund’s U.S. federal income tax treatment of such instruments may prove to be not supported. Recent financial reform legislation may require the Fund to comply with margin requirements and with certain clearing and trade-execution requirements in connection with its derivative activities, although the full application of those provisions is uncertain at this time. The financial reform legislation may also require the counterparties to the Fund’s derivative instruments to spin off some of their derivatives activities to a separate entity, which may not be as creditworthy as the Fund’s current counterparty. The new legislation and any new regulations could significantly increase the cost of derivative contracts (including through requirements to post collateral which could adversely affect the Fund’s available liquidity), materially alter the terms of derivative contracts, reduce the availability or desirability of derivatives, reduce the ability to monetize or restructure existing derivative contracts, and increase the Fund’s exposure to less creditworthy counterparties. In particular, the Dodd-Frank Act amendments to the Advisers Act require a large proportion of transactions in the derivatives markets to be conducted on a SEF. The impact of the SEFs on transaction liquidity and pricing cannot be determined at this time. Currently, the clearing mandate applies to certain interest rate and credit index swaps, as discussed above (see “Credit Derivative Transactions”). Swaps that are not cleared through registered clearinghouses are potentially subject to regulations including increased mandatory margin requirements without the benefit of protections afforded to participants in cleared swaps (e.g., centralized counterparty, guaranteed funds and customer asset segregation). Price movements of futures and options contracts and payments pursuant to swap agreements are influenced by, among other things, interest rates, changing supply and demand relationships, trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs and policies of governments, and national and international political and economic events and policies. The value of futures, options and swap agreements also depends upon the price of the commodities underlying them. Therefore, many of the risks applicable to trading the underlying asset are also applicable to derivatives trading.

 

In late October 2020, the SEC adopted new Rule 18f-4 related to the use of derivatives and certain other transactions by registered investment companies that will, at the time of the compliance date, rescind and withdraw the guidance of the SEC and the SEC staff regarding asset segregation and coverage. Under Rule 18f-4, the Fund will need to trade derivatives and other transactions that potentially create senior securities (except reverse repurchase agreements) subject to a value-at-risk (“VaR”) leverage limit, certain other testing and derivatives risk management program requirements and requirements related to board reporting. These new requirements will apply unless the Fund qualifies as a “limited derivatives user,” as defined in Rule 18f-4. Reverse repurchase agreements will continue to be subject to the current asset coverage requirements, and a fund trading reverse repurchase agreements will need to aggregate the amount of indebtedness associated with the reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions with the aggregate amount of any other senior securities representing indebtedness when calculating the fund’s asset coverage ratio (unless the fund determines to treat such agreements and transactions as derivatives for all purposes under the rule). Reverse repurchase agreements will not be included in the calculation of whether the Fund is a limited derivatives user (unless the Fund determines to treat such agreements and transactions as derivatives for all purposes under the rule), but if the Fund is subject to the VaR testing, reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions will be included for purposes of such testing. The SEC also provided guidance in connection with the new rule regarding the use of securities lending collateral that may limit the Fund’s securities lending activities. Compliance with these new requirements will be required after an eighteen-month transition period. Following the compliance date, these new requirements may limit the Fund’s ability to use derivatives and reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions as part of the Fund’s investment strategies. These new requirements may increase the cost of the Fund’s investments and cost of doing business, which could adversely affect investors. Compliance with the new rule will be required in August 2022.

 

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Highly Volatile Markets

 

The prices of the Fund’s investments, including, without limitation, all derivative instruments (including option prices), government bonds and commodities contracts, can be highly volatile. Price movements of forward and other derivative contracts in which the Fund’s assets may be invested are influenced by, among other things: interest rates; changing supply and demand relationships; trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs and policies of governments; and national and international political and economic events and policies. In addition, governments from time to time intervene, directly and by regulation, in certain markets, particularly those in government bonds, currencies, financial instruments and options. Such intervention often is intended directly to influence prices and may, together with other factors, cause all of such markets to move rapidly in the same direction because of, among other things, interest rate fluctuations. The Fund is also subject to the risk of the failure of any exchanges on which its positions trade or of their clearinghouses.

 

Risks Associated with the Fund and the Advisors

 

No Operating History

 

The Fund is a new company with no operating history, and as a result, the Fund has minimal financial information on which investors can evaluate an investment in the Fund or prior performance. Investors must rely on the Advisors to implement the Fund’s investment policies, to evaluate all of the Fund’s investment opportunities and to structure the terms of the Fund’s investments rather than evaluating the Fund’s investments in advance. Because investors are not able to thoroughly evaluate the Fund’s investments in advance of acquiring shares, the offering of shares may entail more risk than other types of offerings. This additional risk may hinder investors’ ability to achieve their own personal investment objectives related to portfolio diversification, risk-adjusted investment returns and other objectives. Additionally, the results of any other businesses or companies that have or have had an investment objective which is similar to, or different from, the Fund’s investment objective are not indicative of the results that the Fund may achieve. The Fund expects to have a different investment portfolio from other businesses or companies. Accordingly, the Fund’s results may differ from and are independent of the results obtained by such businesses or companies. Moreover, past performance is no assurance of future returns.

 

The Fund is subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any new business, including the risk that the Fund will not achieve its investment objective and that the value of investors’ investments could decline substantially or that investors’ investments could become worthless. The Advisors anticipate that it could take some time to invest substantially all of the capital expected to be raised due to market conditions generally and the time necessary to identify, evaluate, structure, negotiate and close suitable investments in private middle market companies. In order to comply with the RIC diversification requirements during the startup period, the Fund may invest proceeds in temporary investments, such as cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and other high-quality debt investments that mature in one year or less from the time of investment, which may earn yields substantially lower than the interest, dividend or other income that the Fund seeks to receive in respect of suitable portfolio investments. The Fund may not be able to pay any significant distributions during this period, and any such distributions may be substantially lower than the distributions expected to be paid when the Fund’s portfolio is fully invested. The Fund will pay a Management Fee to the Advisor throughout this interim period irrespective of the Fund’s performance. If the Management Fee and other expenses exceed the return on the temporary investments, the Fund’s returns could be negatively impacted.

 

Senior Management Personnel of the Advisors

 

Since the Fund has no employees, it depends on the investment expertise, skill and network of business contacts of the Advisors. Each Advisor evaluates, negotiates, structures, executes, monitors and services certain of the Fund’s investments. The Fund’s future success depends to a significant extent on the continued service and coordination of the Advisors and their respective senior management teams. The departure of any members of the Advisors’ respective senior management teams could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.

 

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The Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective depends on the Advisors’ ability to identify, analyze, invest in, finance and monitor companies that meet the Fund’s investment criteria. The Advisors’ capabilities in managing the investment process, providing competent, attentive and efficient services to the Fund, and facilitating access to financing on acceptable terms depend on the employment of investment professionals in an adequate number and of adequate sophistication to match the corresponding flow of transactions. To achieve the Fund’s investment objective, the Advisors may need to hire, train, supervise and manage new investment professionals to participate in the Fund’s investment selection and monitoring process. The Advisors may not be able to find investment professionals in a timely manner or at all. Failure to support the Fund’s investment process could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

In addition, the Investment Advisory Agreement has termination provisions that allow the parties to terminate the agreements without penalty. The Investment Advisory Agreement and the Sub-Advisory Agreements may be terminated at any time, without penalty, by the applicable Advisor upon 60 days’ notice to the Fund. If any such agreement is terminated, it may adversely affect the quality of the Fund’s investment opportunities. In addition, in the event such agreements are terminated, it may be difficult for the Fund to replace the Advisor.

 

Key Personnel

 

The Advisor depends on the diligence, skill and network of business contacts of the Sub-Advisor professionals. The Advisor also depends, to a significant extent, on access to other investment professionals within the Sub-Advisors and the information and deal flow generated by these investment professionals in the course of their investment and portfolio management activities. The Fund’s success depends on the continued service of such personnel. The investment professionals associated with the Advisor are actively involved in other investment activities not concerning the Fund and will not be able to devote all of their time to the Fund’s business and affairs. The departure of any of the senior managers of the Advisor, or a significant number of the investment professionals or partners of the Advisor’s affiliates, could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. Individuals not currently associated with the Advisor may become associated with the Fund and the performance of the Fund may also depend on the experience and expertise of such individuals. In addition, there is no assurance that the Advisor will remain the Fund’s investment advisors or that the Advisor will continue to have access to the investment professionals and partners of its affiliates and the information and deal flow generated by the investment professionals of its affiliates.

 

Tax

 

The Fund may invest in certain securities, such as certain convertible and high yield securities, for which the federal income tax treatment may not be clear or may be subject to re-characterization by the IRS. It could be more difficult for the Fund to comply with the federal income tax requirements applicable to regulated investment companies if the tax characterization of the Fund’s investments is not clear or if the tax treatment of the income from such investments were successfully challenged by the IRS.

 

Cyber Security

 

With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform necessary business functions, investment vehicles such as the Fund and its service providers may be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks. In general, cyber-attacks result from deliberate attacks, but unintentional events may have effects similar to those caused by cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial-of-service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential information and causing operational disruption. Successful cyberattacks against, or security breakdowns of, the Fund, the Advisor, the Fund’s custodian and/or other third party service providers may adversely impact the Fund or the Shareholders. For instance, cyber-attacks may interfere with the processing of Shareholder transactions, impact the Fund’s ability to value its assets, cause the release of private Shareholder information or confidential information of the Fund, impede trading, cause reputational damage, and subject the Fund to regulatory fines, penalties or financial losses, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. The Fund may also incur substantial costs for cyber security risk management in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. The Fund and the Shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result. While the Fund or the Fund’s service providers have established business continuity plans and systems designed to prevent such cyber-attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Similar types of cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities or other instruments in which the Fund invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Fund’s investment therein to lose value.

 

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Shares Not Listed; No Market for Shares

 

The Fund has been organized as a closed-end management investment company. Closed-end funds differ from open-end management investment companies (commonly known as mutual funds) because investors in a closed-end fund do not have the right to redeem their shares on a daily basis. Unlike most closed-end funds, which typically list their shares on a securities exchange, the Fund does not currently intend to list the Shares for trading on any securities exchange, and the Fund does not expect any secondary market to develop for the Shares in the foreseeable future. Therefore, an investment in the Fund, unlike an investment in a typical closed-end fund, is not a liquid investment.

 

Closed-end Interval Fund; Liquidity

 

The Fund is a diversified, closed-end management investment company structured as an “interval fund” and designed primarily for long-term investors. The Fund is not intended to be a typical traded investment. There is no secondary market for the Fund’s Shares and the Fund expects that no secondary market will develop. An investor should not invest in the Fund if the investor needs a liquid investment. Closed-end funds differ from open-end management investment companies, commonly known as mutual funds, in that investors in a closed-end fund do not have the right to redeem their shares on a daily basis at a price based on NAV. Although the Fund, as a fundamental policy, will make semi-annual offers to repurchase between 5% and 25% of its outstanding Shares at NAV, the number of Shares tendered in connection with a repurchase offer may exceed the number of Shares the Fund has offered to repurchase, in which case not all of your Shares tendered in that offer will be repurchased. In connection with any given repurchase offer, it is likely that the Fund may offer to repurchase only the minimum amount of 5% of its outstanding Shares. Hence, you may not be able to sell your Shares when and/or in the amount that you desire.

 

Competition for Investment Opportunities

 

The Fund competes for investments with other closed-end funds and investment funds, as well as traditional financial services companies such as commercial banks and other sources of funding. Moreover, alternative investment vehicles, such as hedge funds, have begun to invest in areas in which they have not traditionally invested. As a result of these new entrants, competition for investment opportunities may intensify. Many of the Fund’s competitors are substantially larger and may have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than the Fund. For example, some competitors may have a lower cost of capital and access to funding sources that are not available to the Fund. In addition, some of the Fund’s competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments than it has. These characteristics could allow the Fund’s competitors to consider a wider variety of investments, establish more relationships and pay more competitive prices for investments than it is able to do. The Fund may lose investment opportunities if it does not match its competitors’ pricing. If the Fund is forced to match its competitors’ pricing, it may not be able to achieve acceptable returns on its investments or may bear substantial risk of capital loss. A significant increase in the number and/or the size of the Fund’s competitors could force it to accept less attractive investment terms. Furthermore, many of the Fund’s competitors have greater experience operating under, or are not subject to, the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on it as a closed-end fund.

 

The Advisors and/or their affiliates and portfolio managers may determine that an investment is appropriate both for the Fund and for one or more other funds or accounts. In such event, depending on the availability of such investment and other appropriate factors, the Advisors may determine that the Fund should invest on a side-by-side basis with one or more other funds. The Fund may make all such investments subject to compliance with applicable laws and regulations and interpretations thereof by the SEC and its staff. In certain circumstances, negotiated co-investments may be made only if an exemptive order has been received from the SEC permitting such investment. Exemptive relief is being sought that will permit the Fund and certain present and future funds advised by Avenue or investment advisers controlling, controlled by or under common control with Avenue to co-invest in suitable negotiated investments. Co-investments made under the exemptive relief are subject to compliance with the conditions and other requirements contained in the exemptive relief, which could limit the Fund’s ability to participate in a co-investment transaction. There can be no assurance that any such exemptive order will be obtained.

 

Investment Performance of the Fund and Other Investment Vehicles May Vary Significantly

 

The Advisors have established, and expect to continue to establish, additional companies, partnerships or other entities, pooled investment vehicles for multiple investors, funds, separate accounts, and other entities that may have, in whole or in part, investment objectives and strategies that may be similar to or overlap with those of the Fund (collectively, “Other Investment Vehicles”). The Fund may at times compete with the Other Investment Vehicles for certain investments and the returns of each of the Other Investment Vehicles will likely differ materially from the returns of the Fund.

 

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The results of the investment activities of the Fund may differ significantly from the results achieved by the Advisors for their own benefit and from the results achieved by Other Investment Vehicles based on the investment strategies employed by such investors.

 

Subject to applicable law, including the 1940 Act, Other Investment Vehicles may invest alongside the Fund. In allocating any investment opportunities, the Advisors will take into account numerous factors, including factors specific only to such Other Investment Vehicles, in their discretion. Any such investments made alongside the Fund may or may not be in proportion to the relevant commitments of the investing parties and, subject to applicable law, may involve different terms and fee structures than those of the Fund. As a result, investment returns may vary materially among the Fund and Other Investment Vehicles that invest alongside the Fund. In certain circumstances, negotiated co-investments may be made only if the Fund has received an exemptive order from the SEC permitting such investment. The Fund has applied for such an exemptive order, which may or may not be granted. This could reduce the amount of transactions in which the Fund can participate and make it more difficult for the Fund to implement its investment objective.

 

“Best-Efforts” Offering

 

This offering is being made on a best efforts basis, whereby the Distributor is only required to use its best efforts to sell the Shares and has no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of the Shares. To the extent that less than the maximum offering amount is subscribed for, the opportunity for the allocation of the Fund’s investments among various issuers and industries may be decreased, and the returns achieved on those investments may be reduced as a result of allocating all of the Fund’s expenses over a smaller capital base.

 

Inadequate Return

 

No assurance can be given that the returns on the Fund’s investments will be commensurate with the risk of investment in its Shares.

 

Inadequate Network of Broker-Dealer

 

The success of the Fund’s continuous public offering, and correspondingly the Fund’s ability to implement its investment objective and strategies, depends upon the ability of the Distributor to establish, operate and maintain a network of selected broker-dealers to sell the Shares. If the Distributor fails to perform, the Fund may not be able to raise adequate proceeds through the Fund’s continuous public offering to implement the Fund’s investment objective and strategies. If the Fund is unsuccessful in implementing its investment objective and strategies, an investor could lose all or a part of his or her investment in the Fund.

 

Repurchase Offers

 

As described under “Share Repurchase Program,” the Fund is an “interval fund” and, to provide some liquidity to Shareholders, makes semi-annual offers to repurchase between 5% and 25% of its outstanding Shares at NAV, pursuant to Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act. Under normal market conditions, the Fund currently intends to repurchase 5% of its outstanding shares at NAV on a semi-annual basis. The Fund believes that these repurchase offers are generally beneficial to the Fund’s Shareholders, and generally are funded from available cash or sales of portfolio securities. However, the repurchase of Shares by the Fund decreases the assets of the Fund and, therefore, may have the effect of increasing the Fund’s expense ratio. Repurchase offers and the need to fund repurchase obligations may also affect the ability of the Fund to be fully invested or force the Fund to maintain a higher percentage of its assets in liquid investments, which may harm the Fund’s investment performance. Moreover, diminution in the size of the Fund through repurchases may result in untimely sales of portfolio securities, and may limit the ability of the Fund to participate in new investment opportunities. If the Fund uses leverage, repurchases of Shares may compound the adverse effects of leverage in a declining market. In addition, if the Fund borrows money to finance repurchases, interest on that borrowing will negatively affect Shareholders who do not tender their Shares by increasing Fund expenses and reducing any net investment income. Certain Shareholders may from time to time own or control a significant percentage of the Fund’s Shares. Repurchase requests by these Shareholders of these Shares of the Fund may cause repurchases to be oversubscribed, with the result that Shareholders may only be able to have a portion of their Shares repurchased in connection with any repurchase offer. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed and the Fund determines not to repurchase additional Shares beyond the repurchase offer amount, or if Shareholders tender an amount of Shares greater than that which the Fund is entitled to purchase, the Fund will repurchase the Shares tendered on a pro rata basis, and Shareholders will have to wait until the next repurchase offer to make another repurchase request. Shareholders will be subject to the risk of NAV fluctuations during that period. Thus, there is also a risk that some Shareholders, in anticipation of proration, may tender more Shares than they wish to have repurchased in a particular semi-annual period, thereby increasing the likelihood that proration will occur. The NAV of Shares tendered in a repurchase offer may fluctuate between the date a Shareholder submits a repurchase request and the Repurchase Request Deadline, and to the extent there is any delay between the Repurchase Request Deadline and the Repurchase Pricing Date. The NAV on the Repurchase Request Deadline or the Repurchase Pricing Date may be higher or lower than on the date a Shareholder submits a repurchase request. See “Share Repurchase Program.”

 

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Distribution Payment

 

The Fund cannot assure investors that the Fund will achieve investment results that will allow the Fund to make a specified level of cash distributions or year-to-year increases in cash distributions. All distributions will be paid at the discretion of the Board and may depend on the Fund’s earnings, the Fund’s net investment income, the Fund’s financial condition, maintenance of the Fund’s RIC status, compliance with applicable regulations and such other factors as the Board may deem relevant from time to time. In the event that the Fund encounters delays in locating suitable investment opportunities, all or a substantial portion of the Fund’s distributions may constitute a return of capital to Shareholders. To the extent that the Fund pays distributions that constitute a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it will lower an investor’s tax basis in his or her Shares. A return of capital generally is a return of an investor’s investment, rather than a return of earnings or gains derived from the Fund’s investment activities, and generally results in a reduction of the tax basis in the Shares. As a result from such reduction in tax basis, Shareholders may be subject to tax in connection with the sale of Fund Shares, even if such Shares are sold at a loss relative to the Shareholder’s original investment.

 

Fund Distribution Policy

 

The Fund intends to make regular distributions. Currently, in order to maintain a relatively stable level of distributions, the Fund may pay out less than all of its net investment income to the extent consistent with maintaining its ability to be subject to tax as a “regulated investment company” under the Code, pay out undistributed income from prior months, return capital in addition to current period net investment income or borrow money to fund distributions. The distributions for any full or partial calendar year might not be made in equal amounts, and one distribution may be larger than the other. The Fund will make a distribution only if authorized by the Board and declared by the Fund out of assets legally available for these distributions. This distribution policy may, under certain circumstances, have certain adverse consequences to the Fund and its Shareholders because it may result in a return of capital, which would reduce the NAV of the Shares and, over time, potentially increase the Fund’s expense ratio. If a distribution constitutes a return of capital, it means that the Fund is returning to Shareholders a portion of their investment rather than making a distribution that is funded from the Fund’s earned income or other profits. The Fund’s distribution policy may be changed at any time by the Board.

 

There is a possibility that the Fund may make total distributions during a calendar or taxable year in an amount that exceeds the Fund’s net investment company taxable income and net capital gains for the relevant taxable year. In such situations, if a distribution exceeds the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a portion of each distribution paid with respect to such taxable year would generally be treated as a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes, thereby reducing the amount of a Shareholder’s tax basis in such Shareholder’s Shares. When a Shareholder sells Shares, the amount, if any, by which the sales price exceeds the Shareholder’s tax basis in Shares may be treated as a gain subject to tax. Because a return of capital reduces a Shareholder’s tax basis in Shares, it generally will increase the amount of such Shareholder’s gain or decrease the amount of such Shareholder’s loss when such Shareholder sells Shares. To the extent that the amount of any return of capital distribution exceeds a Shareholder’s tax basis in Shares, such excess generally will be treated as gain from a sale or exchange of the Shares.

 

If the Fund elects to issue preferred Shares and/or notes or other forms of indebtedness, its ability to make distributions to its Shareholders may be limited by the asset coverage requirements and other limitations imposed by the 1940 Act and the terms of the Fund’s preferred Shares, notes or other indebtedness.

 

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Anti-Takeover

 

The Declaration of Trust and bylaws, as well as certain statutory and regulatory requirements, contain certain provisions that may have the effect of discouraging a third party from attempting to acquire it. Subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act, the Board may, without Shareholder action, authorize the issuance of Shares in one or more classes or series, including preferred Shares; and the Board may, without Shareholder action, make certain amendments to the Declaration of Trust. These anti-takeover provisions may inhibit a change of control in circumstances that could give Shareholders the opportunity to realize a premium over the value of the Shares.

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund’s annual portfolio turnover rate may vary greatly from year to year, as well as within a given year. However, portfolio turnover rate is not considered a limiting factor in the execution of investment decisions for the Fund. High portfolio turnover may result in the realization of net short-term capital gains by the Fund which, when distributed to the Fund and, ultimately, Shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. In addition, a higher portfolio turnover rate results in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional and custodial expenses that are borne by the Fund.

 

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MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND

 

Trustees

 

Pursuant to the Declaration of Trust and bylaws, the Fund’s business and affairs are managed under the direction of the Board, which has overall responsibility for monitoring and overseeing the Fund’s management and operations. The Board consists of five members, three of whom are considered Independent Trustees and two of whom are Interested Trustees. The Trustees are subject to removal or replacement in accordance with Delaware law and the Declaration of Trust. The Statement of Additional Information provides additional information about the Trustees.

 

The Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, oversees and monitors the Fund’s management and operations. After an initial two-year term, the Board will review on an annual basis the Investment Advisory Agreement and the Sub-Advisory Agreements to determine, among other things, whether the fees payable under such agreements are reasonable in light of the services provided.

 

The Advisor and Sub-Advisors

 

CAM, an investment advisor registered with the SEC under the Advisers Act, serves as the Advisor. CAM is a joint venture between Calamos and Avenue. Calamos and Avenue serve as the Fund’s investment sub-advisors. Calamos and Avenue are registered investment advisors with the SEC under the Advisers Act.

 

Investment Personnel

 

Investment sourcing and investment decisions are primarily the responsibility of the Fund’s portfolio managers, R. Matthew Freund, Randal Klein, and Eli Pars. The Fund is also supported by CAM’s Allocation Committee.

 

Below is biographical information relating to the Fund’s portfolio managers and the other voting members of CAM’s Allocation Committee:

 

R. Matthew Freund

 

Matt Freund is responsible for oversight of investment team resources, investment processes, performance and risk. As Head of Fixed Income Strategies, he manages investment team members and has portfolio management responsibilities. He is also a member of the Calamos Investment Committee, which is charged with providing a top-down framework, maintaining oversight of risk and performance metrics, and evaluating investment process. Mr. Freund joined Calamos in 2016 and has 32 years of industry experience. Prior to joining Calamos, he was Chief Investment Officer of USAA Investments, leading the teams responsible for the portfolio management of USAA’s mutual funds and affiliated portfolios, including P&C and life insurance products, and overseeing more than $140 billion in assets. During this time, he also served as lead portfolio manager for several highly regarded fixed income mutual funds. Earlier in his career, Mr. Freund served as a senior investment analyst for MetLife in the Capital Markets Group. He received a B.A. in Accounting from Franklin & Marshall College and an M.B.A. from Indiana University.

 

Randal Klein

 

Mr. Klein is a Senior Portfolio Manager of Avenue. Mr. Klein is responsible for assisting with the direction of the investment activities of the firm’s global funds. Mr. Klein also provides the investment professionals of the Avenue U.S. Strategy with additional expertise, oversight and investment direction on restructurings and transactions. Prior to joining Avenue in 2004, Mr. Klein was a Senior Vice President at Lehman Brothers. His responsibilities at Lehman during the time from 1994 to 2004 included restructuring advisory work, financial sponsors coverage, mergers acquisitions work and corporate finance. Prior to Lehman, Mr. Klein worked from 1986 to 1992 in sales, marketing and engineering as an aerospace engineer for The Boeing Company.

 

Mr. Klein received a B.S. in Aerospace Engineering, with Highest Distinction from the University of Virginia (1986) and an M.B.A. in Finance, as a Palmer Scholar, from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania (1994).

 

Eli Pars

 

Eli Pars is responsible for oversight of investment team resources, investment processes, performance and risk. As Head of Alternative Strategies and Co-Head of Convertible Strategies, he manages investment team members and has portfolio management responsibilities for those investment verticals. He is also a member of the Calamos Investment Committee, which is charged with providing a top-down framework, maintaining oversight of risk and performance metrics, and evaluating investment process. Mr. Pars has 33 years of industry experience, including 14 at Calamos. Prior to returning to Calamos in 2013, he was a Portfolio Manager at Chicago Fundamental Investment Partners, where he co-managed a convertible arbitrage portfolio. Previously, he held senior roles at Mulligan Partners LLC, Ritchie Capital and SAM Investments/The Hampshire Company. Earlier in his career, Mr. Pars was a Vice President and Assistant Portfolio Manager at Calamos. He received a B.A. in English Literature from the University of Illinois and an M.B.A. with a specialization in Finance from the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business.

 

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Marc Lasry

 

Mr. Lasry co-founded Avenue Capital Group in 1995, and distressed investing has been the focus of his professional career for over 37 years. Prior to forming Amroc Investments, LLC (“Amroc”) as an independent entity, Mr. Lasry managed capital for Amroc Investments, L.P., an investment fund affiliated with the Robert M. Bass Group. Prior to that, Mr. Lasry was Co–Director of the Bankruptcy and Corporate Reorganization Department at Cowen & Company. Prior to Cowen, he was the Director of the Private Debt Department at Smith Vasiliou Management Company, the firm where he first became involved in the distressed debt markets. He spent the prior year practicing law at Angel & Frankel where he focused on bankruptcies. Mr. Lasry also clerked for the Honorable Edward Ryan, former Chief Bankruptcy Judge for the Southern District of New York.

 

Mr. Lasry is currently a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and he has served and will continue to serve on various other boards of advisors/directors of both for-profit and not-for-profit private and public companies.

 

Mr. Lasry graduated with a B.A. in History from Clark University (1981) and a J.D. from New York Law School (1984).

 

Sonia Gardner

 

Ms. Gardner co-founded Avenue Capital Group in 1995 and is the Partner in charge of managing the firm globally. Distressed investing has been the focus of her professional career over 35 years. She also co-founded Amroc where she was Senior Portfolio Manager responsible for investing the partners’ capital, and was active in the review and trading of the debt of hundreds of bankruptcies. Prior to forming Amroc as an independent entity, Ms. Gardner was General Counsel and Senior Managing Director of Amroc Investments, L.P., an investment fund affiliated with the Robert M. Bass Group. She began her career in 1987 at Cowen & Company in the Bankruptcy and Corporate Reorganization Department.

 

Ms. Gardner is the Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Capital Development Fund for Gender Equality in Access to Finance. In her role, she advocates for ways to give women in the world’s poorest countries access to economic resources to lift their families out of poverty, and help to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. Ms. Gardner was the recipient of the 100 Women in Finance 2008 Industry Leadership Award, where she served as the Global Chair of the Board of Directors and presently serves as Chairman Emeritus. She previously served on the Board of Trustees of The Mount Sinai Medical Center and currently serves on the Client Advisory Board of Citi Private Bank. Ms. Gardner has served and will continue to serve on various other boards of advisors/directors of both for-profit and not-for-profit private companies.

 

Ms. Gardner received a B.A. with Honors in Philosophy from Clark University (1983) and a J.D. from the Cardozo School of Law (1986).

 

John P. Calamos, Sr.

 

John P. Calamos, Sr. founded Calamos Investments in 1977. With origins as an institutional convertible bond manager, the firm has grown into a global asset management firm with major institutional and individual clients around the world. Mr. Calamos has established research and investment processes centered around a team-based approach designed to deliver superior risk-adjusted performance over full market cycles through a range of U.S. and global investment strategies including equity, fixed income, convertible and alternative investments. A pioneer in convertible securities, Calamos launched one of the first convertible funds in 1985 and one of the first liquid alternative funds in 1990, reflecting a focus on innovation that continues to this day. With more than 50 years of industry experience, he is often quoted as an authority on risk-managed investment strategies, markets and the economy. He is a frequent speaker at investment conferences around the world and appears regularly on CNBC, Bloomberg TV and Fox Business Channel. Mr. Calamos has written two books on convertible securities.

 

Mr. Calamos serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors for the National Hellenic Museum in Chicago. He is an investment committee member of the Faith Endowment, and a supporting member of the National Hellenic Society, Leadership 100 and The Hellenic Initiative. He received his B.A. in Economics and an M.B.A. in Finance from Illinois Tech where he established Endowed Chairs in Philosophy and Business and is also a member of the Board of Trustees. He received an Honorary Doctorate in Humanities from Hellenic College Holy Cross. He joined the United States Air Force after graduation where he served as a combat pilot during the Vietnam War where he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. His Air Force career included five years of active duty flying B-52 bombers and twelve years in the Reserves flying A-37 jet fighters. He retired as a Major.

 

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John Koudounis

 

John Koudounis joined Calamos Investments as Chief Executive Officer in 2016 and is the firm’s first designated CEO hired by Founder John Calamos, Sr., as part of Calamos’ succession plan. Serving as a driving force behind improving strategic initiatives, Mr. Koudounis plays a critical role in delivering innovative solutions to business development and expanding product breadth for the firm’s global base of clients. Under his leadership, firm profitability and AUM growth have increased substantially. Mr. Koudounis has 33 years of financial services experience including executive leadership in the global securities business and a deep background in global capital markets. Most recently, he served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Mizuho Securities USA, Inc. (MSUSA), a subsidiary of Mizuho Financial Group, one of the world’s largest full-service financial institutions. During his tenure at Mizuho Securities, he built the firm into a full-service investment bank, expanding its debt and equity capital markets teams. Because of his leadership, the firm also grew in profitability, number of clients, and product diversification, allowing Mizuho to be considered globally as a top tier investment bank. Prior to joining MSUSA in 2008, he was Managing Director and Head of Fixed Income for ABN AMRO Americas where he played a critical role in that firm’s successful growth. He graduated from Brown University with a degree in International Diplomacy & Foreign Affairs and Economics.

 

Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities

 

A control person generally is a person who beneficially owns more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or has the power to exercise control over the management or policies of such company. CAM has provided the initial investment for the Fund. For so long as CAM has a greater than 25% interest in the Fund, it may be deemed to be a “control person” of the Fund for purposes of the 1940 Act.

 

Administrative Services

 

Pursuant to the Administration Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company, the Administrator furnishes the Fund with clerical, bookkeeping and record keeping services. The Administrator also performs, or oversees the performance of, certain of the Fund’s required administrative services, which include, among other things, providing assistance in accounting, legal, compliance, operations, being responsible for the financial records that the Fund is required to maintain and preparing reports to the Fund’s Shareholders and reports filed with the SEC. In addition, the Administrator generally oversees the payment of the Fund’s expenses and the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to the Fund by others. The Administration Agreement may be terminated by either party without penalty upon 90 days’ written notice to the other party prior to the expiration of the initial term or any renewal date, as the case may be.

 

Indemnification

 

The Investment Advisory Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreements provide that, absent willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of the reckless disregard of its duties and obligations, the Advisor, each Sub-Advisor, their respective members and officers, managers, partners, agents, employees, controlling persons, members and any other person or entity affiliated with any of them are entitled to indemnification from the Fund for any damages, liabilities, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and other expenses) arising out of or otherwise based upon the performance of any of their respective duties or obligations under the Investment Advisory Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreements or otherwise as an investment advisor or investment sub-advisor of the Fund.

 

Custodian and Transfer Agent

 

State Street Bank and Trust Company, which has its principal office at Channel Center, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA, 02210, serves as custodian for the Fund.

 

U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC , which has its principal office at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202, serves as the Fund’s transfer agent and dividend paying agent.

 

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FUND EXPENSES

 

The Advisors bear all of their own costs incurred in providing investment advisory and sub-advisory services to the Fund. As described below, however, the Fund bears all other expenses incurred in the business and operation of the Fund.

 

Expenses borne directly by the Fund include:

 

·corporate, organizational and offering costs relating to offerings of Shares;

 

·the cost of calculating the NAV of Shares, including the cost of any third-party pricing or valuation services;

 

·the cost of effecting sales and repurchases of Shares and other securities;

 

·the Management Fee;

 

·the Distribution Fee and/or Shareholder Servicing Fee;

 

·investment related expenses (e.g., expenses that, in the Advisors’ discretion, are related to the investment of the Fund’s assets, whether or not such investments are consummated), including, as applicable, brokerage commissions, borrowing charges on securities sold short, clearing and settlement charges, recordkeeping, interest expense, line of credit fees, dividends on securities sold but not yet purchased, margin fees, investment related travel and lodging expenses and research-related expenses, professional fees relating to investments, including expenses of consultants, investment bankers, attorneys, accountants and other experts;

 

·transfer agent and custodial fees;

 

·Distributor costs;

 

·fees and expenses associated with marketing efforts;

 

·federal and any state registration or notification fees;

 

·federal, state and local taxes;

 

·costs incident to payment of dividends or distributions by the Fund;

 

·costs associated with the Fund’s share repurchase program;

 

·fees and expenses of Trustees not also serving in an executive officer capacity for the Fund or the Advisor, including dues and expenses incurred in connection with membership in investment company organizations;

 

·the costs of preparing, printing and mailing reports and other communications, including repurchase offer correspondence or similar materials, to Shareholders;

 

·fidelity bond, Trustees and officers errors and omissions liability insurance and other insurance premiums;

 

·broken deal expenses (including, without limitation, research costs, fees and expenses of legal, financial, accounting, consulting or other advisors in connection with conducting due diligence or otherwise pursuing a particular non-consummated transaction);

 

·legal expenses (including those expenses associated with preparing the Fund’s public filings, attending and preparing for Board meetings, as applicable, and generally serving as counsel to the Fund or the Independent Trustees of the Fund);

 

·external accounting expenses (including fees and disbursements and expenses related to the annual audit of the Fund and the preparation of the Fund’s tax information);

 

·any costs and expenses associated with or related to due diligence performed with respect to the Fund’s offering of its Shares, including, but not limited to, costs associated with or related to due diligence activities performed by, on behalf of, or for the benefit of broker-dealers, registered investment advisors and third-party due diligence providers;

 

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·costs associated with reporting and compliance obligations under the 1940 Act and applicable federal and state securities laws, including compliance with The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;

  

· all other expenses incurred by the Fund in connection with administering the Fund’s business, including expenses by the Administrator for performing administrative services for the Fund, subject to the terms of the Administration Agreement; and

 

·any expenses incurred outside of the ordinary course of business, including, without limitation, costs incurred in connection with any claim, litigation, arbitration, mediation, government investigation or similar proceeding and indemnification expenses as provided for in the Fund’s organizational documents.

 

Except as otherwise described in this prospectus, the Advisor will be reimbursed by the Fund, as applicable, for any of the above expenses that they pay on behalf of the Fund.

 

Expense Limitation Agreement

 

The Advisor and the Fund have entered into the Expense Limitation Agreement under which the Advisor has agreed contractually for a one-year period from the date of this prospectus to reimburse certain other expenses incurred in the business of the Fund, calculated and reimbursed on a Class-by-Class basis in respect of each of Class A, Class C, Class I and Class M, including organizational and certain offering expenses, with the exception of (i) the Management Fee, (ii) the Shareholder Servicing Fee, (iii) the Distribution Fee, (iv)  certain costs associated with the acquisition, ongoing investment and disposition of the Fund’s investments and unconsummated investments, including legal costs, professional fees, travel costs and brokerage costs, (v) acquired fund fees and expenses, (vi) dividend and interest payments (including any dividend payments, interest expenses, commitment fees, or other expenses related to any leverage incurred by the Fund), (vii) taxes and costs to reclaim foreign taxes, and (viii) extraordinary expenses (as determined in the sole discretion of the Advisor), to the extent that such expenses exceed 0.35% of the month-end NAV of such Class (the “Expense Cap”).

 

In consideration of the Advisor’s agreement to reimburse certain of the Fund’s other expenses, the Fund has agreed to repay the Advisor an Advisor Recoupment in respect of each of Class A, Class C, Class I and Class M subject to the limitation that a reimbursement will be made only if and to the extent that: (i) it is payable not more than three years from the date on which the applicable waiver or expense payment was made by the Advisor; and (ii) the Advisor Recoupment does not cause the Fund’s total annual operating expenses (on an annualized basis and net of any reimbursements received by the Fund during such fiscal year) during the applicable quarter to exceed the Expense Cap of such Class. The Advisor Recoupment for a class of Shares will not cause Fund expenses in respect of that class to exceed the Expense Cap either (i) at the time of the waiver or (ii) at the time of recoupment. The Expense Limitation Agreement will remain in effect for a one-year period from the date of this prospectus, unless and until the Board approves its modification or termination. See “Fund Expenses.”

 

Organization and Offering Costs

 

Organizational costs include, among other things, the cost of organizing as a Delaware statutory trust, including the cost of legal services and other fees pertaining to the Fund’s organization. These costs are expensed as incurred by the Fund and will be paid by the Advisor on behalf of the Fund.

 

The Fund’s initial offering costs include, among other things, legal, printing and other expenses pertaining to this offering. Any offering costs paid by the Advisor on behalf of the Fund will be recorded as a Payable for offering costs in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities and accounted for as a deferred charge until commencement of operations. Thereafter these initial offering costs will be amortized over 12 months on a straight-line basis. Ongoing offering costs will be expensed as incurred.

 

All organizational and offering costs of the Fund paid by the Advisor shall be subject to the Advisor Recoupment.

 

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MANAGEMENT FEE

 

Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, and in consideration of the advisory services provided by the Advisor to the Fund, the Advisor is entitled to a Management Fee. Pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreements, the Advisor pays each Sub-Advisor 0.725% of the month-end value of the Fund’s Managed Assets.

 

Management Fee

 

The Management Fee is calculated and payable monthly in arrears based on the month-end value of the Fund’s Managed Assets at an annual rate of 1.85%.

 

Management Fee Waiver Agreement

 

Pursuant to a Management Fee Waiver Agreement between the Fund and the Advisor, the Advisor has contractually agreed, for one year from the initial effective date of this registration statement, to waive the Management Fee it is entitled to receive from the Fund pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement to the extent necessary to limit its Management Fee to 0.40% of the month-end value of the Fund’s Managed Assets.

 

The Advisor may not seek reimbursement from the Fund with respect to the Management Fee waived pursuant to the Management Fee Waiver Agreement.

 

The Management Fee Waiver Agreement will continue through the date set forth above, at which time it will terminate unless otherwise agreed to in writing by the parties. In addition, the Management Fee Waiver Agreement will terminate upon termination of the Investment Advisory Agreement.

 

Sub-Advisory Fee Waiver Agreements

 

Pursuant to a Sub-Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement between the Advisor and each Sub-Advisor, each Sub-Advisor has contractually agreed, for one year from the initial effective date of this registration statement, to waive completely the sub-advisory fees it is entitled to receive from the Advisor pursuant to each Sub-Advisory Agreement.

 

Each Sub-Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement will continue through the date set forth above, at which time it will terminate unless otherwise agreed to in writing by the parties. In addition, each Sub-Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement will terminate upon termination of the corresponding Sub-Advisory Agreement.

 

Approval of the Investment Advisory Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreements

 

Board approval of the Investment Advisory Agreement was made in accordance with, and on the basis of an evaluation satisfactory to the Board, as required by Section 15(c) of the 1940 Act and the applicable rules and regulations thereunder, including consideration of, among other factors, (i) the nature, quality and extent of the services provided by CAM under the Investment Advisory Agreement; (ii) comparative information with respect to advisory fees and other expenses paid by other comparable investment companies; and (iii) information about the services performed by CAM and the personnel of CAM providing such services under the Investment Advisory Agreement. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Investment Advisory Agreement will be available in the Fund’s first annual or semi-annual report on Form N-CSR. The Investment Advisory Agreement will continue in effect from year to year thereafter so long as such continuance is approved annually by the Board or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund; provided that in either event the continuance is also approved by a majority of the Independent Trustees by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Investment Advisory Agreement is terminable without penalty, inter alia, upon 60 days’ prior written notice by the Fund or by CAM. The Investment Advisory Agreement also provides that it will terminate automatically in the event of its “assignment,” as defined by the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder.

 

Board approval of the Sub-Advisory Agreements was made in accordance with, and on the basis of an evaluation satisfactory to the Board, as required by Section 15(c) of the 1940 Act and the applicable rules and regulations thereunder, including consideration of, among other factors, (i) the nature, quality and extent of the services provided by Calamos and Avenue under their respective Sub-Advisory Agreements; (ii) comparative information with respect to advisory fees and other expenses paid by other comparable investment companies; and (iii) information about the services performed by Calamos and Avenue and the personnel of Calamos and Avenue providing such services under their respective Sub-Advisory Agreements. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Sub-Advisory Agreements will be available in the Fund’s first annual or semi-annual report on Form N-CSR.

 

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DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

 

In accordance with the procedures adopted by the Board, the NAV per share of the Fund’s outstanding Shares of beneficial interest is determined, on a class-specific basis, by dividing the value of total assets minus liabilities by the total number of Shares outstanding.

 

The Advisor conducts the valuation of the Fund’s assets, pursuant to which net asset value shall be determined, at all times consistent with US GAAP and the 1940 Act. The Board, with the assistance of the Audit Committee, determines the fair value of the Fund’s assets on at least a quarterly basis, in accordance with the terms of FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”). The valuation procedures are set forth in more detail below.

 

ASC 820 defines fair value as “the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.” Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. For some assets and liabilities, observable market transactions or market information might be available. For other assets and liabilities, observable market transactions and market information might not be available. However, the objective of a fair value measurement in both cases is the same—to estimate the price at which an orderly transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability would take place between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions (that is, an exit price at the measurement date from the perspective of a market participant that holds the asset or owes the liability).

 

ASC 820 establishes a hierarchal disclosure framework which ranks the observability of inputs used in measuring financial instruments at fair value. The observability of inputs is impacted by a number of factors, including the type of financial instrument, the characteristic specific to the financial instrument and the state of the marketplace, including the existence and transparency of transactions between market participants. Financial instruments with readily available quoted prices, or for which fair value can be measured from quoted prices in active markets, will generally have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment applied in determining fair value.

 

The three-level hierarchy for fair value measurement is defined as follows:

 

Level 1 — inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices available in active markets for identical investments as of the reporting date. The types of financial instruments included in Level 1 generally include unrestricted securities, including equities and derivatives, listed in active markets. The Advisor does not adjust the quoted price for these investments, even in situations where the Fund holds a large position and a sale could reasonably impact the quoted price.

 

Level 2 — inputs to the valuation methodology are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date and are those other than quoted prices in active markets. The type of financial instruments in this category generally includes less liquid and restricted securities listed in active markets, securities traded in other than active markets, government and agency securities, and certain OTC derivatives where the fair value is based on observable inputs.

 

Level 3 — inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to overall fair value measurement. The inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation. Financial instruments that are included in this category generally include investments in privately held entities, non-investment grade residual interests in securitizations, CLOs, and certain OTC derivatives where the fair value is based on unobservable inputs.

 

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, an investment’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is materially significant to the overall fair value measurement. The Advisor’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the investment.

 

The Advisor values securities/instruments traded in active markets on the measurement date by multiplying the closing price of such traded securities/instruments by the quantity of shares or amount of the instrument held. The Advisor values Level 2 securities (those that are not actively traded but whose fair value can be determined based on other observable market data) using a price determined by an approved independent pricing vendor.

 

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The Fund expects that it will hold a high proportion of Level 3 investments relative to its total investments, which is directly related to the Fund’s investment philosophy and target portfolio. The Board has delegated authority to the Advisor to engage one or more independent valuation firms to perform procedures that have been agreed to by providing input or assurance on the Advisor’s Valuation Committee’s concluded fair values for substantially all of the Fund’s Level 3 investments. A retained independent valuation firm will have expertise in complex valuations associated with alternative investments and utilize a variety of techniques to review the security’s/instrument’s valuation. The valuation approach may vary by security/instrument but may include comparable public market valuations, comparable transaction valuations and discounted cash flow analyses. Factors that might materially impact the value of an investment (e.g., operating results, financial condition, achievement of milestones, economic and/or market events and recent sales prices) may be considered.

 

If the Advisor reasonably believes an opinion from an independent valuation firm or pricing vendor is inaccurate or unreliable, the Advisor’s Valuation Committee will determine a good-faith fair valuation for the impacted investment. The Advisor's Valuation Committee, who is solely responsible for the determination of the fair value of the investments, will consider all available information at its disposal prior to making a valuation determination, including information or opinions from third-party firms. The Advisor's Valuation Committee is made up of individuals affiliated with the Advisor. As an interval fund, the Fund is required to calculate a weekly NAV. However, because the Fund’s Shares are offered on a monthly basis only (as of the first business day of the month), the Fund intends to publicly report on its website its month-end NAV per Share (calculated as of the close of business on the last business day of the prior month). For information on the Fund’s weekly NAV, please call the Fund toll-free at 888-484-1944. The Board is responsible for overseeing the determination, in good faith, of the fair value of the Fund’s portfolio investments. Each Sub-Advisor shall provide assistance to the Advisor and the Board with respect to the valuation of the Fund’s assets; the Advisor and the Board are responsible for the accuracy, reliability or completeness of any market or fair market valuation determinations made with respect to the Fund’s assets.

 

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CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

The Fund’s executive officers and Trustees, and the employees of the Advisors, serve or may serve as officers, trustees or principals of Other Investment Vehicles that operate in the same or a related line of business as the Fund or of other Calamos- or Avenue-advised funds. As a result, they may have obligations to investors in those entities, the fulfillment of which might not be in the best interests of the Fund or its Shareholders. Moreover, notwithstanding the difference in principal investment objectives between the Fund and the Other Investment Vehicles, such other funds, including potential new pooled investment vehicles or managed accounts not yet established (whether managed or sponsored by affiliates or the Advisors), have, and may from time to time have, overlapping investment objectives with the Fund and, accordingly, invest in, whether principally or secondarily, asset classes similar to those targeted by the Fund. To the extent the Other Investment Vehicles have overlapping investment objectives, the scope of opportunities otherwise available to the Fund may be adversely affected and/or reduced. Additionally, certain employees of the Sub-Advisors and their management may face conflicts in their time management and commitments as well as in the allocation of investment opportunities to Other Investment Vehicles.

 

The Advisors are entities in which certain of the Fund’s Trustees, officers and members of the Allocation Committee may have indirect ownership and/or economic interests. Certain of the Fund’s Trustees and officers and members of the Allocation Committee also serve as officers or principals of other investment managers affiliated with the Advisors that currently, and may in the future, manage Other Investment Vehicles. In addition, certain of the Fund’s officers and Trustees and the members of the Allocation Committee serve or may serve as officers, trustees or principals of entities that operate in the same or related line of business as the Fund does or of Other Investment Vehicles. Accordingly, the Fund may not be made aware of and/or given the opportunity to participate in certain investments made by investment funds managed by the Advisors or their affiliates. However, the Advisor intends to allocate investment opportunities in a fair and equitable manner in accordance with the Advisor’s investment allocation policy, consistent with each Other Investment Vehicle’s investment objective and strategies and legal and regulatory requirements.

 

The results of the Fund’s investment activities may differ significantly from the results achieved by the Other Investment Vehicles. It is possible that one or more of such funds will achieve investment results that are substantially more or less favorable than the results achieved by the Fund. Moreover, it is possible that the Fund will sustain losses during periods in which one or more affiliates of the Advisors achieve significant profits on their trading for proprietary or other accounts. The opposite result is also possible. The investment activities of one or more Sub-Advisor affiliates for their proprietary accounts and/or Other Investment Vehicles under their management may also limit the investment opportunities for the Fund in certain markets.

 

The Advisors, their affiliates and their clients may pursue or enforce rights with respect to an issuer in which the Fund has invested, and those activities may have an adverse effect on the Fund. As a result, prices, availability, liquidity and terms of the Fund’s investments may be negatively impacted by the activities of the Advisors and their affiliates or their clients, and transactions for the Fund may be impaired or effected at prices or terms that may be less favorable than would otherwise have been the case.

 

The Advisors may enter into transactions and invest in securities, instruments and currencies on behalf of the Fund in which customers of its affiliates, to the extent permitted by applicable law, serve as the counterparty, principal or issuer. In such cases, such party’s interests in the transaction could be adverse to the interests of the Fund, and such party may have no incentive to assure that the Fund obtains the best possible prices or terms in connection with the transaction. In addition, the purchase, holding and sale of such investments by the Fund may enhance the profitability of the Advisors or their affiliates. One or more affiliates may also create, write or issue derivatives for their customers, the underlying securities, currencies or instruments of which may be those in which the Fund invests or which may be based on the performance of the Fund. The Fund may, subject to applicable law, purchase investments that are the subject of an underwriting or other distribution by one or more Advisor affiliates and may also enter into transactions with other clients of an affiliate where such other clients have interests adverse to those of the Fund.

 

Applicable law, including the 1940 Act, may at times prevent the Fund from being able to participate in investments that it otherwise would participate in and may require the Fund to dispose of investments at a time when it otherwise would not dispose of such investment, in each case, in order to comply with applicable law.

 

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The 1940 Act contains prohibitions and restrictions relating to certain transactions between registered investment companies and certain affiliates (including any investment advisers or sub-advisers), principal underwriters and certain affiliates of those affiliates or underwriters. Because the Fund is a registered investment company, the Fund is not generally permitted to make loans to companies controlled by the Advisor or other funds managed by the Advisor or its affiliates, including the Sub-Advisors. The Fund is also not permitted to make any co-investments with the Sub-Advisors or their affiliates (including any fund managed by the Sub-Advisors or their affiliates) without exemptive relief from the SEC, subject to certain exceptions. The Fund has applied for exemptive relief that would permit the Fund and certain present and future funds advised by Avenue or investment advisers controlling, controlled by, or under common control with Avenue to co-invest in suitable negotiated investments. Co-investments made under the exemptive relief are subject to compliance with the conditions and other requirements contained in the exemptive relief, which could limit the Fund’s ability to participate in a co-investment transaction.

 

The Fund will be required to establish business relationships with its counterparties based on the Fund’s own credit standing. Neither the Advisors nor any of their affiliates will have any obligation to allow its credit to be used in connection with the Fund’s establishment of its business relationships, nor is it expected that the Fund’s counterparties will rely on the credit of the Advisors or their affiliates in evaluating the Fund’s creditworthiness.

 

Each Sub-Advisor is paid a fee based on a percentage of the Fund’s net assets. Certain of the Other Investment Vehicles pay the Sub-Advisors or their affiliates different performance-based compensation, which could create an incentive for a Sub-Advisor or its affiliate to favor such investment fund or account over the Fund.

 

By reason of the various activities of the Advisors and their affiliates, the Advisors and such affiliates may acquire confidential or material non-public information or otherwise be restricted from purchasing certain potential Fund investments that otherwise might have been purchased or be restricted from selling certain Fund investments that might otherwise have been sold at the time.

 

The Advisors have adopted policies and procedures designed to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing proxy voting decisions made on behalf of advisory clients, including the Fund, and to help ensure that such decisions are made in accordance with its fiduciary obligations to clients. Nevertheless, notwithstanding such proxy voting policies and procedures, actual proxy voting decisions may have the effect of favoring the interests of other clients, provided that the Advisors believe such voting decisions to be in accordance with its fiduciary obligations.

 

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SHARE REPURCHASE PROGRAM

 

The Fund does not currently intend to list its Shares on any securities exchange and does not expect any secondary market for them to develop in the foreseeable future. Therefore, Shareholders should expect that they will be unable to sell their Shares for an indefinite time or at a desired price. No Shareholder will have the right to require the Fund to repurchase such Shareholder’s Shares or any portion thereof. Because no public market exists for the Shares, and none is expected to develop in the foreseeable future, Shareholders will not be able to liquidate their investment, other than through the Fund’s share repurchase program, or, in limited circumstances, as a result of transfers of Shares to other investors.

 

To provide Shareholders with limited liquidity, the Fund is structured as an “interval fund” and intends to conduct semi-annual repurchase offers for between 5% and 25% of the Fund’s outstanding shares at NAV, pursuant to Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act, unless such offer is suspended or postponed in accordance with regulatory requirements (as discussed below). Under normal market conditions, the Fund currently intends to repurchase 5% of its outstanding shares at NAV on a semi-annual basis. In connection with any given repurchase offer, it is likely that the Fund may offer to repurchase only 5% of its outstanding Shares. Semi-annual repurchases shall commence no later than two calendar quarters after the Fund’s initial effective date. The offer to purchase Shares is a fundamental policy that may not be changed without the vote of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act). The Repurchase Offer Notice will be sent to Shareholders at least 21 calendar days before the Repurchase Request Deadline; however, the Fund will seek to provide such written notification earlier but no more than 42 calendar days before the Repurchase Request Deadline. The Board will establish the Repurchase Request Deadline for each Repurchase Offer, but such date may be revised by the Fund’s officers, in their sole discretion, based on factors such as market conditions, the level of the Fund’s assets and shareholder servicing considerations provided that the Board is notified of this change and the reasons for it. The NAV will be calculated on the Repurchase Pricing Date, which will be no later than the Repurchase Pricing Date, which will be no later than 14 calendar days after the Repurchase Request Deadline or the next business day if the fourteenth day is not a business day. The Fund’s NAV may fluctuate between the date you submit your repurchase request and the Repurchase Request Deadline and may also fluctuate to the extent there is any delay between the Repurchase Request Deadline and the Repurchase Pricing Date. The Fund will distribute payment to Shareholders within seven calendar days after the Repurchase Pricing Date. Thus, the Shares are appropriate only as a long-term investment. In addition, the Fund’s repurchase offers may subject the Fund and Shareholders to special risks.

 

Determination of Repurchase Offer Amount

 

The Board, in its sole discretion, will determine the number of Shares that the Fund will offer to repurchase (the “Repurchase Offer Amount”) for a given Repurchase Request Deadline. The Repurchase Offer Amount, however, will be between 5% and 25% of the total number of Shares outstanding on the Repurchase Request Deadline. Under normal market conditions, the Fund currently intends to repurchase 5% of its outstanding shares at NAV on a semi-annual basis.

 

If Shareholders tender for repurchase more than the Repurchase Offer Amount for a given repurchase offer, the Fund will repurchase the Shares on a pro rata basis. However, the Fund may accept all Shares tendered for repurchase by Shareholders who own less than one hundred Shares and who tender all of their Shares, before prorating other amounts tendered.

 

Notice to Shareholders

 

No less than 21 days and no more than 42 days before each Repurchase Request Deadline, the Fund shall send to each Shareholder of record and to each beneficial owner of the Shares that are the subject of the repurchase offer a notification (“Shareholder Notification”). The Shareholder Notification will contain information Shareholders should consider in deciding whether to tender their Shares for repurchase. The notice also will include detailed instructions on how to tender Shares for repurchase, state the Repurchase Offer Amount and identify the dates of the Repurchase Request Deadline, the scheduled Repurchase Pricing Date, and the date the repurchase proceeds are scheduled for payment. The notice also will set forth the NAV that has been computed no more than seven days before the date of notification, and how Shareholders may ascertain the NAV after the notification date.

 

Repurchase Price

 

The repurchase price of the Shares will be the Fund’s NAV as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) on the Repurchase Pricing Date. You may call 888-484-1944 to learn the NAV. The Shareholder Notification also will provide information concerning the NAV, such as the NAV as of a recent date or a sampling of recent NAVs, and a toll-free number for information regarding the repurchase offer.

 

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Contingent Deferred Sales Charge

 

Selling brokers, or other Financial Intermediaries that have entered into distribution agreements with the Distributor, may receive a commission of up to 1.00% of the purchase price of Class C Shares.

 

Class C shareholders who tender for repurchase of such shareholder’s Class C Shares such that they will have been held less than 365 days after purchase, as of the time of repurchase, will be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge of 1.00% of the original purchase price. The Fund or its designee may waive the imposition of the contingent deferred sales charge in the following situations: (1) Shareholder death or (2) Shareholder disability. Any such waiver does not imply that the contingent deferred sales charge will be waived at any time in the future or that such contingent deferred sales charge will be waived for any other shareholder. Class A, Class I and Class M Shares are not subject to a contingent deferred sales charge. Shares acquired through the Fund’s DRP, reinvestment of dividends or capital gain distributions are not subject to a contingent deferred sales charge.

 

Repurchase Amounts and Payment of Proceeds

 

Shares tendered for repurchase by Shareholders prior to any Repurchase Request Deadline will be repurchased subject to the aggregate Repurchase Offer Amount established for that Repurchase Request Deadline. Shareholders may withdraw or modify their request to tender their Shares for repurchase at any time prior to the Repurchase Request Deadline. Payment pursuant to the repurchase offer will be made by check to the Shareholder’s address of record, or credited directly to a predetermined bank account on the Purchase Payment Date, which will be no more than seven calendar days after the Repurchase Pricing Date. The Board may establish other policies for repurchases of Shares that are consistent with the 1940 Act, regulations thereunder and other pertinent laws.

 

If Shareholders tender for repurchase more than the Repurchase Offer Amount for a given repurchase offer, the Fund may, but is not required to, repurchase an additional amount of Shares not to exceed 2% of the outstanding Shares of the Fund on the Repurchase Request Deadline. If the Fund determines not to repurchase more than the Repurchase Offer Amount, or if Shareholders tender Shares in an amount exceeding the Repurchase Offer Amount plus 2% of the outstanding Shares on the Repurchase Request Deadline, the Fund will repurchase the Shares on a pro rata basis. However, the Fund may accept all Shares tendered for repurchase by Shareholders who own less than one hundred Shares and who tender all of their Shares, before prorating other amounts tendered.

 

Percentage Limitations

 

Compliance with any policy or limitation of the Fund that is expressed as a percentage of assets is determined at the time of purchase of portfolio securities. The policy will not be violated if these limitations are exceeded because of changes in the market value or investment rating of the Fund’s assets or if a borrower or issuer distributes equity securities incident to the purchase or ownership of a loan or fixed-income instrument or in connection with a reorganization of a borrower or issuer.

 

Suspension or Postponement of Repurchase Offers

 

The Fund may postpone or suspend Repurchase Offers. A postponement or suspension may occur only if approved by a vote of a majority of the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees. The Fund or your Financial Intermediary will send you a notice if there is a suspension or postponement of a Repurchase Offer and if a Repurchase Offer is renewed after a suspension or postponement. A suspension or postponement may be done only in limited circumstances. These circumstances include the following:

 

·The repurchase of Shares would cause the Fund to lose its status as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code;

 

·During an emergency that makes it impractical for the Fund to dispose of securities it owns or to determine the NAV of the Fund’s Shares;

 

·During other periods that the SEC permits the suspension or postponement of offers by the Fund for the protection of its Shareholders; or

 

·During any period in which the NYSE or any other market on which the Fund’s portfolio securities are traded is closed (other than customary weekend or holiday closings) or trading in those markets is restricted.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE

 

The following description is based on relevant portions of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, as amended, and on the Declaration of Trust and bylaws. This summary is not intended to be complete. Please refer to the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, as amended, and the Declaration of Trust and bylaws, copies of which have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, for a more detailed description of the provisions summarized below.

 

Shares of Beneficial Interest

 

The Declaration of Trust authorizes the Fund’s issuance of an unlimited number of Shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.001 per share. There is currently no market for Shares and the Fund does not expect that a market for Shares will develop in the foreseeable future. Pursuant to the Declaration of Trust and as permitted by Delaware law, Shareholders are entitled to the same limitation of personal liability extended to stockholders of private corporations organized for profit under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended (the “DGCL”) and therefore generally will not be personally liable for the Fund’s debts or obligations.

 

Shares

 

Under the terms of the Declaration of Trust, all Shares, when consideration for Shares is received by the Fund, will be fully paid and nonassessable. Distributions may be paid to Shareholders if, as and when authorized and declared by the Board. Shares will have no preference, preemptive, appraisal, conversion, exchange or redemption rights, and will be freely transferable, except where their transfer is restricted by law or contract. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Board shall have the power to repurchase or redeem Shares. In the event of the Fund’s dissolution, after the Fund pays or adequately provides for the payment of all claims and obligations of the Fund, and upon the receipt of such releases, indemnities and refunding agreements deemed necessary by the Board, each Share will be entitled to receive, according to its respective rights, a pro rata portion of the Fund’s assets available for distribution, subject to any preferential rights of holders of the Fund’s outstanding preferred Shares, if any. Each whole Share will be entitled to one vote as to any matter on which it is entitled to vote and each fractional Share will be entitled to a proportionate fractional vote. Shareholders shall be entitled to vote on all matters on which a vote of Shareholders is required by the 1940 Act, the Declaration of Trust or a resolution of the Board. There will be no cumulative voting in the election or removal of Trustees. Under the Declaration of Trust, the Fund is not required to hold annual meetings of Shareholders. The Fund only expects to hold Shareholder meetings to the extent required by the 1940 Act or pursuant to special meetings called by the Board or a majority of Shareholders. Investors may buy Shares of the Fund through Financial Intermediaries. Orders will be priced at the appropriate price next computed after it is received by a Financial Intermediary and accepted by the Fund. A Financial Intermediary may hold Shares in an omnibus account in the Financial Intermediary’s name or the Financial Intermediary may maintain individual ownership records. The Fund may pay the Financial Intermediary for maintaining individual ownership records as well as providing other shareholder services. Financial Intermediaries may charge fees for the services they provide in connection with processing your transaction order or maintaining an investor’s account with them. Investors should check with their Financial Intermediary to determine if it is subject to these arrangements. Financial Intermediaries are responsible for placing orders correctly and promptly with the Fund, forwarding payment promptly. While Class M Shares do not impose a front-end sales charge, if you purchase Class M Shares through certain financial firms, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees in such amount as they may determine. Please consult your financial firm for additional information.

 

If an investment is made through an IRA, Keogh plan or 401(k) plan, an approved trustee must process and forward the subscription to the Fund. In such case, the Fund will send the confirmation and notice of its acceptance to the trustee.

 

The Fund accepts initial and additional purchases of Shares as of the first business day of each calendar month. The investor must submit a completed account application form ten business days before the applicable purchase date. All purchases are subject to the receipt of immediately available funds three business days prior to the applicable purchase date in the full amount of the purchase (to enable the Fund to invest the proceeds as of the applicable purchase date). An investor who misses one or both of these deadlines will have the effectiveness of its investment in the Fund delayed until the following month.

 

Despite having to meet the earlier application and funding deadlines described above, the Fund does not issue the Shares purchased (and an investor does not become a Shareholder with respect to such Shares) until the applicable purchase date, i.e., the first business day of the relevant calendar month. Consequently, purchase proceeds do not represent capital of the Fund, and do not become assets of the Fund, until such date.

 

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Any amounts received in advance of the initial or subsequent purchases of Shares are placed in a non-interest-bearing account with the Fund’s transfer agent prior to their investment in the Fund, in accordance with Rule 15c2-4 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Fund reserves the right to reject any application. Unless otherwise required by applicable law, any amount received in advance of a purchase ultimately rejected by the Fund will be returned to the prospective investor.

 

By Mail — Initial Investment

 

To make an initial purchase by mail, complete an account application and mail the application, together with a check made payable to Calamos-Avenue Opportunities Fund to:

 

Overnight:

 

Calamos-Avenue Opportunities Fund

c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services

615 E Michigan St

Milwaukee, WI 53202

Regular Mail:

 

Calamos-Avenue Opportunities Fund

c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services

PO Box 701

Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701

 

The transfer agent must receive a completed account application from a Financial Intermediary before an investor wires funds. The Financial Intermediary may mail or overnight deliver an account application to the transfer agent. Upon receipt of the completed account application, the transfer agent will establish an account. The account number assigned will be required as part of the instruction that should be provided to an investor’s bank to send the wire. An investor’s bank must include both the name of the Fund, the account number, and the investor’s name so that monies can be correctly applied. If you wish to wire money to make an investment in the Fund, please call the Fund at 888-484-1944 for wiring instructions and to notify the Fund that a wire transfer is coming. Any commercial bank can transfer same-day funds via wire, although the Fund will not accept payment by automated clearing house (ACH). The Fund will normally accept wired funds for investment on the day received if they are received by the Fund’s designated bank before the close of regular trading on the NYSE in accordance with the procedures described above. Your bank may charge you a fee for wiring same-day funds. The bank should transmit funds by wire to:

 

US Bank, NA

777 E Wisconsin Ave

Milwaukee, WI 53202

 

ABA # 0750-00022

 

F/C US Bank Global Fund Services

A/C # 182383664006

 

F/F/C Calamos-Avenue Opportunities Fund

Shareholder Name / Account Number

 

In compliance with the USA Patriot Act of 2001, USBFS will verify certain information on each account application as part of the Fund’s Anti-Money Laundering Program. As requested on the application, investors must supply full name, date of birth, social security number and permanent street address. Mailing addresses containing only a P.O. Box will not be accepted. Registered representatives/investment advisors may call the Fund at 888-484-1944 for additional assistance when completing an application.

 

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If USBFS does not have a reasonable belief of the identity of a customer, the account will be rejected or the customer will not be allowed to perform a transaction on the account until such information is received. The Fund also may reserve the right to close the account within five business days if clarifying information/documentation is not received.

 

Purchase Terms

 

With respect to Class A Shares and Class C Shares, the minimum initial investment is $2,500 for all accounts; subsequent investments may be made with at least $100. With respect to Class M Shares, the minimum initial investment is $2,500 for all accounts; subsequent investments may be made with at least $50. While Class M Shares do not impose a front-end if you purchase Class M Shares through certain financial firms, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees in such amount as they may determine. Please consult your financial firm for additional information. With respect to Class I Shares, the minimum initial investment is $1,000,000 for all accounts; subsequent investments may be made with any amount. The Fund reserves the right to waive the investment minimum. The Fund may permit a Financial Intermediary to waive the initial minimum per shareholder for Class I Shares in the following situations: broker-dealers purchasing fund shares for clients in broker-sponsored discretionary fee-based advisory programs; Financial Intermediaries with clients of a registered investment advisor (RIA) who have entered into an agreement to offer institutional shares through a no-load program or investment platform; and certain other situations deemed appropriate by the Fund. The Fund’s Class I Shares are offered for sale through its Distributor at NAV. The price of the Shares during the Fund’s continuous offering will fluctuate over time with the NAV of the Shares.

 

The Fund’s Shares are offered for sale through its Distributor at NAV plus any applicable sales load. The price of the Shares during the Fund’s continuous offering will fluctuate over time with the NAV of the Shares.

 

Class A Shares

 

Investors purchasing Class A Shares will pay a sales load based on the amount of their net investment in the Fund. The sales load payable by each investor depends upon the amount invested by such investor in the Fund, but may range from 0.00% to 5.75%. A reallowance to participating broker-dealers may be made by the Distributor from the sales load paid by each investor.

 

You may be able to buy Class A Shares without a sales charge (i.e., “load-waived”) when you are:

 

·reinvesting dividends or distributions;

 

·purchasing Shares through a financial services firm that has a special arrangement with the Fund; or

 

·participating in an investment advisory or agency commission program under which you pay a fee to an investment advisor or other firm for portfolio management or brokerage services.

 

The following sales loads apply to your purchases of Class A Shares of the Fund:

 

Amount Purchased   Sales Load as a % of
Offering Price
    Sales Loads as a % of
Amount Invested
    Dealer Reallowance*     Dealer Manager Fee  
Under $100,000     5.75 %     6.10 %     5.00 %     0.75 %
$100,000-$249,999     4.75 %     4.99 %     4.00 %     0.75 %
$250,000-$499,999     3.75 %     3.90 %     3.00 %     0.75 %
$500,000-$999,999     2.50 %     2.56 %     2.00 %     0.50 %
$1,000,000 and above     0.00 %     0.00 %     0.00 %     0.00 %

 

* Gross Dealer Concession paid to participating broker-dealers.

 

Preferred Shares and Other Securities

 

The Declaration of Trust provides that the Board may, subject to the Fund’s investment policies and restrictions and the requirements of the 1940 Act, authorize and cause the Fund to issue securities of the Fund other than Shares (including preferred Shares, debt securities or other senior securities), by action of the Board without the approval of Shareholders. The Board may determine the terms, rights, preferences, privileges, limitations and restrictions of such securities as the Board sees fit.

 

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Preferred Shares could be issued with rights and preferences that would adversely affect Shareholders. Preferred Shares could also be used as an anti-takeover device. Every issuance of preferred Shares will be required to comply with the requirements of the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act requires, among other things, that (i) immediately after issuance of preferred Shares and before any distribution is made with respect to the Shares and before any purchase of Shares is made, the aggregate involuntary liquidation preference of such preferred Shares together with the aggregate involuntary liquidation preference or aggregate value of all other senior securities must not exceed an amount equal to 50% of the Fund’s total assets after deducting the amount of such distribution or purchase price, as the case may be; and (ii) the holders of preferred Shares, if any are issued, must be entitled as a class to elect two Trustees at all times and to elect a majority of the Trustees if distributions on such preferred Shares are in arrears by two years or more. Certain matters under the 1940 Act require the separate vote of the holders of any issued and outstanding preferred Shares.

 

Outstanding Securities

 

The following table sets forth information about the Fund’s outstanding Shares as of December 31, 2021.

 

    Amount Authorized   Amount Held by the
Fund for its Own
Account
  Amount Outstanding  
Class A Shares   Unlimited   None     None  
Class C Shares   Unlimited   None     None  
Class I Shares   Unlimited   None     10,000  
Class M Shares   Unlimited   None     None  

 

Limitation on Liability of Trustees and Officers; Indemnification and Advance of Expenses

 

Pursuant to the Declaration of Trust, Trustees and officers of the Fund will not be subject in such capacity to any personal liability to the Fund or Shareholders, unless the liability arises from bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard for the Trustee’s or officer’s duty.

 

Except as otherwise provided in the Declaration of Trust, the Fund will indemnify and hold harmless any current or former Trustee or officer of the Fund against any liabilities and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees relating to the defense or disposition of any action, suit or proceeding with which such person is involved or threatened), while and with respect to acting in the capacity of a Trustee or officer of the Fund, except with respect to matters in which such person did not act in good faith in the reasonable belief that his or her action was in the best interest of the Fund, or in the case of a criminal proceeding, matters for which such person had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. In accordance with the 1940 Act, the Fund will not indemnify any Trustee or officer for any liability to which such person would be subject by reason of his or her willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties of his or her position. The Fund will provide indemnification to Trustees and officers prior to a final determination regarding entitlement to indemnification as described in the Declaration of Trust.

 

The Fund has entered into the Investment Advisory Agreement with CAM. The Advisor, with respect to the Fund, has entered into Sub-Advisory Agreements with Calamos and Avenue. The Investment Advisory Agreement and the Sub-Advisory Agreements provide that, in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard for its obligations and duties thereunder, the Advisor and Sub-Advisors, respectively, are not liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss the Fund suffers.

 

Pursuant to the Declaration of Trust, the Fund will advance the expenses of defending any action for which indemnification is sought if the Fund receives a written undertaking by the indemnitee which provides that the indemnitee will reimburse the Fund unless it is subsequently determined that the indemnitee is entitled to such indemnification.

 

Number of Trustees; Appointment of Trustees; Vacancies; Removal

 

The Declaration of Trust provides that the number of Trustees shall be no less than one and no more than 15, as determined in writing by a majority of the Trustees then in office. As set forth in the Declaration of Trust, a Trustee’s term of office shall continue until his or her death, resignation or removal. Subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act, individuals may be appointed by the Trustees at any time to fill vacancies on the Board by the appointment of such persons by a majority of the Trustees then in office. Each Trustee shall hold office until his or her successor shall have been appointed pursuant to the Declaration of Trust. To the extent that the 1940 Act requires that Trustees be elected by Shareholders, any such Trustees will be elected by a plurality of all Shares voted at a meeting of Shareholders at which a quorum is present.

 

The Declaration of Trust provides that any Trustee may be removed (provided that after the removal the aggregate number of Trustees is not less than the minimum required by the Declaration of Trust) from office with cause only by action taken by a majority of the remaining Trustees (or, in the case of an Independent Trustee, only by action taken by a majority of the remaining Independent Trustees).

 

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Action by Shareholders

 

The Declaration of Trust provides that Shareholder action can be taken only at a meeting of Shareholders or by unanimous written consent in lieu of a meeting. Subject to the 1940 Act, the Declaration of Trust or a resolution of the Board specifying a greater or lesser vote requirement, the affirmative vote of a majority of Shares present in person or represented by proxy at a meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the Shareholders with respect to any matter submitted to a vote of the Shareholders.

 

Amendment of Declaration of Trust and Bylaws

 

Subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act, pursuant to the Declaration of Trust, the Board may make certain amendments to the Declaration of Trust without any vote of Shareholders. Pursuant to the Declaration of Trust and bylaws, the Board has the exclusive power to amend or repeal the bylaws or adopt new bylaws at any time.

 

No Appraisal Rights

 

In certain extraordinary transactions, some jurisdictions provide the right to dissenting Shareholders to demand and receive the fair value of their Shares, subject to certain procedures and requirements set forth in such statute. Those rights are commonly referred to as appraisal rights. The Declaration of Trust provides that Shares shall not entitle Shareholders to appraisal rights.

 

Conflict with Applicable Laws and Regulations

 

The Declaration of Trust provides that if and to the extent that any provision of the Declaration of Trust conflicts with any provision of the 1940 Act, the provisions under the Code applicable to the Fund as a RIC or other applicable laws and regulations, the conflicting provision shall be deemed never to have constituted a part of the Declaration of Trust; provided, however, that such determination shall not affect any of the remaining provisions of the Declaration of Trust or affect the validity of any action taken or omitted to be taken prior to such determination.

 

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TAX ASPECTS

 

The following is a general summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the Fund and an investment in the Fund. The discussion below provides general tax information related to an investment in the Fund, but does not purport to be a complete description of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Fund and does not address any state, local, non-U.S. or other tax consequences. It is based on the Code and U.S. Treasury regulations thereunder and administrative pronouncements, all as of the date hereof, any of which is subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. In addition, it does not describe all of the tax consequences that may be relevant in light of a Shareholder’s particular circumstances, including (but not limited to) alternative minimum tax consequences and tax consequences applicable to Shareholders subject to special tax rules, such as certain financial institutions; dealers or traders in securities who use a mark-to-market method of tax accounting; persons holding Shares as part of a hedging transaction, wash sale, conversion transaction or integrated transaction or persons entering into a constructive sale with respect to Shares; entities classified as partnerships or other pass-through entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes; insurance companies; U.S. Shareholders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar; or tax-exempt entities, including “individual retirement accounts” or “Roth IRAs.” Unless otherwise noted, the following discussion applies only to a Shareholder that holds Shares as a capital asset and is a U.S. Shareholder. A “U.S. Shareholder” generally is a beneficial owner of Shares who is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

 

·an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;

 

·a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;

 

·an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

 

·a trust if it (a) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (b) has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.

 

If a partnership (including an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds Shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A prospective Shareholder that is a partner in a partnership holding Shares should consult the Shareholder’s personal advisors with respect to the purchase, ownership and disposition of Shares.

 

The discussion set forth herein does not constitute tax advice. Tax laws are complex and often change, and Shareholders should consult their tax advisors about the U.S. federal, state, local or non-U.S. tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.

 

Taxation of the Fund

 

The Fund intends to elect to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and intends to qualify annually, as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. As a RIC, the Fund generally will not be subject to corporate-level U.S. federal income taxes on any ordinary income or capital gains that it distributes as dividends to Shareholders. To qualify as a RIC in any tax year, the Fund must, among other things, satisfy both a source of income test and asset diversification tests. The Fund will qualify as a RIC if (i) at least 90% of the Fund’s gross income for such tax year consists of dividends; interest; payments with respect to certain securities loans; gains from the sale or other disposition of shares, securities or foreign currencies; other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such shares, securities or currencies; and net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly-traded partnerships” (such income, “Qualifying RIC Income”); and (ii) the Fund’s holdings are diversified so that, at the end of each quarter of such tax year, (a) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash and cash equivalents, securities of other RICs, U.S. government securities and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is invested (x) in securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses or (y) in the securities of one or more “qualified publicly-traded partnerships.” The Fund’s share of income derived from a partnership other than a “qualified publicly-traded partnership” will be treated as Qualifying RIC Income only to the extent that such income would have constituted Qualifying RIC Income if derived directly by the Fund. A “qualified publicly-traded partnership” is generally defined as an entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes if (1) interests in such entity are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof and (2) less than 90% of its gross income for the relevant tax year consists of Qualifying RIC Income. The Code provides that the Treasury Department may by regulation exclude from Qualifying RIC Income foreign currency gains that are not directly related to the RIC’s principal business of investing in shares or securities (or options and futures with respect to shares or securities). The Fund anticipates that, in general, its foreign currency gains will be directly related to its principal business of investing in shares and securities.

 

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In addition, to maintain RIC tax treatment, the Fund must distribute on a timely basis with respect to each tax year dividends of an amount at least equal to 90% of the sum of its “investment company taxable income” and its net tax-exempt interest income, determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid, to Shareholders (the “90% distribution requirement”). If the Fund qualifies as a RIC and satisfies the 90% distribution requirement, the Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its “investment company taxable income” and net capital gains (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) that it distributes as dividends to Shareholders (including amounts that are reinvested pursuant to the DRP). In general, a RIC’s “investment company taxable income” for any tax year is its taxable income, determined without regard to net capital gains and with certain other adjustments. The Fund intends to distribute all or substantially all of its “investment company taxable income,” net tax-exempt interest income (if any) and net capital gains on an annual basis. Any taxable income, including any net capital gains that the Fund does not distribute in a timely manner, will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates.

 

If the Fund retains any net capital gains for reinvestment, it may elect to treat such capital gains as having been distributed to Shareholders. If the Fund makes such an election, each Shareholder will be required to report its share of such undistributed net capital gains attributed to the Fund as long-term capital gain and will be entitled to claim its share of the U.S. federal income taxes paid by the Fund on such undistributed net capital gains as a credit against its own U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, and to claim a refund on a properly-filed U.S. federal income tax return to the extent that the credit exceeds such liability. In addition, each Shareholder will be entitled to increase the adjusted tax basis of its Shares by the difference between its share of such undistributed net capital gain and the related credit. There can be no assurance that the Fund will make this election if it retains all or a portion of its net capital gain for a tax year.

 

As a RIC, the Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax on certain undistributed amounts for each calendar year (the “4% excise tax”). To avoid the 4% excise tax, the Fund must distribute in respect of each calendar year dividends of an amount at least equal to the sum of (1) 98% of its ordinary taxable income (taking into account certain deferrals and elections) for the calendar year, (2) 98.2% of its capital gain net income (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) generally for the one-year period ending on October 31 of the calendar year and (3) any ordinary income and capital gains for previous calendar years that were not distributed during those calendar years. For purposes of determining whether the Fund has met this distribution requirement, the Fund will be deemed to have distributed any income or gains previously subject to U.S. federal income tax. Furthermore, any distribution declared by the Fund in October, November or December of any calendar year, payable to Shareholders, of record on a specified date in such a month and actually paid during January of the following calendar year, will be treated for tax purposes as if it had been paid on December 31 of the calendar year in which the distribution was declared. The Fund generally intends to avoid the imposition of the 4% excise tax, but there can be no assurance in this regard.

 

If the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC or fails to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement in respect of any tax year, the Fund would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates on its taxable income, including its net capital gains, even if such income were distributed, and all distributions out of earnings and profits would be taxed as ordinary dividend income. Such distributions generally would be eligible for the dividends-received deduction in the case of certain corporate Shareholders and may be eligible to be qualified dividend income in the case of certain non-corporate Shareholders. In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay taxes and make distributions (any of which could be subject to interest charges) before re-qualifying for taxation as a RIC. If the Fund fails to satisfy either the income test or asset diversification test described above, in certain cases, however, the Fund may be able to avoid losing its status as a RIC by timely providing notice of such failure to the IRS, curing such failure and possibly paying an additional tax or penalty.

 

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Some of the investments that the Fund is expected to make, such as investments in debt instruments having market discount and/or treated as issued with original issue discount (“OID”), may cause the Fund to recognize income or gain for U.S. federal income tax purposes prior to the receipt of any corresponding cash or other property. As a result, the Fund may have difficulty meeting the 90% distribution requirement necessary to maintain RIC tax treatment. Because this income will be included in the Fund’s investment company taxable income for the tax year it is accrued, the Fund may be required to make a distribution to Shareholders to meet the distribution requirements described above, even though the Fund will not have received any corresponding cash or property. The Fund may be required to borrow money, dispose of other securities or forgo new investment opportunities for this purpose.

 

There may be uncertainty as to the appropriate treatment of certain of the Fund’s investments for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In particular, the Fund expects to invest a portion of its net assets in below investment grade instruments. U.S. federal income tax rules with respect to such instruments are not entirely clear about issues such as whether and to what extent the Fund should recognize interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless instruments, how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a bankruptcy or workout context are taxable. These and other issues will be addressed by the Fund, to the extent necessary, in connection with the Fund’s general intention to distribute sufficient income to qualify for and maintain its treatment as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and to minimize the risk that it becomes subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.

 

Income received by the Fund from sources outside the United States may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries, thereby reducing income available to the Fund. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes. The Fund generally intends to conduct its investment activities to minimize the impact of foreign taxation, but there is no guarantee that the Fund will be successful in this regard. If more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets at the close of its tax year consists of securities of foreign corporations, the Fund will be eligible to elect to “pass-through” to the Fund the foreign source amount of income deemed earned and the respective amount of foreign taxes paid by the Fund. If at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets at the close of each quarter of its tax year is represented by interests in other RICs, the Fund may elect to “pass-through” to Shareholders the foreign source amount of income deemed earned and the respective amount of foreign taxes paid or deemed paid by the Fund. If the Fund so elects, each Shareholder would be required to include in gross income, even though not actually received, each Shareholder’s pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid or deemed paid by the Fund, but would be treated as having paid its pro rata share of such foreign taxes and would therefore be allowed to either deduct such amount in computing taxable income or use such amount (subject to various limitations) as a foreign tax credit against federal income tax (but not both).

 

The Fund may invest in shares of foreign companies that are classified under the Code as passive foreign investment companies (“PFICs”). In general, a foreign company is considered a PFIC if at least 50% of its assets constitute investment-type assets or 75% or more of its gross income is investment-type income. In general under the PFIC rules, an “excess distribution” received with respect to PFIC shares is treated as having been realized ratably over the period during which the Fund held the PFIC shares. The Fund generally will be subject to tax on the portion, if any, of the excess distribution that is allocated to the Fund’s holding period in prior tax years (and an interest factor will be added to the tax, as if the tax had actually been payable in such prior tax years) even though the Fund distributes the corresponding income to Shareholders. Excess distributions include any gain from the sale of PFIC shares as well as certain distributions from a PFIC. All excess distributions are taxable as ordinary income.

 

The Fund may be eligible to elect alternative tax treatment with respect to PFIC shares. Under one such election (i.e., a “QEF” election), the Fund generally would be required to include in its gross income its share of the earnings of a PFIC on a current basis, regardless of whether any distributions are received from the PFIC. If this election is made, the special rules, discussed above, relating to the taxation of excess distributions, would not apply. Alternatively, the Fund may be able to elect to mark its PFIC shares to market, resulting in any unrealized gains at the Fund’s tax year end being treated as though they were recognized and reported as ordinary income. Any mark-to-market losses and any loss from an actual disposition of the PFIC’s Shares would be deductible as ordinary losses to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains included in income in prior tax years with respect to shares in the same PFIC.

 

Because the application of the PFIC rules may affect, among other things, the character of gains, the amount of gain or loss and the timing of the recognition of income, gain or loss with respect to PFIC shares, as well as subject the Fund itself to tax on certain income from PFIC shares, the amount that must be distributed to Fund Shareholders, and which will be recognized by Fund Shareholders as ordinary income or long-term capital gain, may be increased or decreased substantially as compared to a fund that did not invest in PFIC shares. Note that distributions from a PFIC are not eligible for the reduced rate of tax on distributions of “qualified dividend income” as discussed below.

 

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Some of the CLOs in which the Fund may invest may be PFICs, which are generally subject to the tax consequences described above. Investment in certain equity interests of CLOs that are subject to treatment as PFICs for U.S. federal income tax purposes may cause the Fund to recognize income in a tax year in excess of the Fund’s distributions from such CLOs, PFICs and the Fund’s proceeds from sales or other dispositions of equity interests in other CLOs and other PFICs during that tax year. As a result, the Fund generally would be required to distribute such income to satisfy the distribution requirements applicable to RICs.

 

If the Fund holds more than 10% of the interests treated as equity for U.S. federal income tax purposes in a foreign corporation that is treated as a controlled foreign corporation (“CFC”), including equity tranche investments and certain debt tranche investments in a CLO treated as a CFC, the Fund may be treated as receiving a deemed distribution (taxable as ordinary income) each tax year from such foreign corporation of an amount equal to the Fund’s pro rata share of the foreign corporation’s earnings for such tax year (including both ordinary earnings and capital gains), whether or not the corporation makes an actual distribution to the Fund during such tax year. This deemed distribution is required to be included in the income of certain U.S. shareholders of a CFC, such as the Fund, regardless of whether a U.S. shareholder has made a QEF election with respect to such CFC. The Fund is generally required to distribute such income in order to satisfy the distribution requirements applicable to RICs, even to the extent the Fund’s income from a CFC exceeds the distributions from the CFC and the Fund’s proceeds from the sales or other dispositions of CFC stock during that tax year. In general, a foreign corporation will be treated as a CFC for U.S. federal income tax purposes if more than 50% of the shares of the foreign corporation, measured by reference to combined voting power or value, is owned (directly, indirectly or by attribution) by U.S. Shareholders. A “U.S. Shareholder,” for this purpose, is any U.S. person that possesses (actually or constructively) 10% or more of the combined voting power or value of all classes of shares of a corporation.

 

The functional currency of the Fund, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is the U.S. dollar. Gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates that occur between the time a Fund accrues interest income or other receivables or accrues expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Fund actually collects such receivables or pays such liabilities generally are respectively characterized as ordinary income or ordinary loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Similarly, on the sale of other disposition of certain investments, including debt securities, certain forward contracts, as well as other derivative financial instruments, denominated in a foreign currency, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in the value of foreign currency between the date of acquisition of the security or contract and the date of disposition also are generally treated as ordinary gain or loss. These gains and losses, referred to under the Code as “section 988” gains and losses, may increase or decrease the amount of the Fund’s investment company taxable income subject to distribution to Fund Shareholders as ordinary income. For example, fluctuations in exchange rates may increase the amount of income that the Fund must distribute to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC and to prevent application of an excise tax on undistributed income. Alternatively, fluctuations in exchange rates may decrease or eliminate income available for distribution. If section 988 losses exceed other investment company taxable income during a tax year, the Fund would not be able to distribute amounts considered dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and any distributions during a tax year made by the Fund before such losses were recognized would be re-characterized as a return of capital to Fund Shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes, rather than as ordinary dividend income, and would reduce each Fund Shareholder’s tax basis in Fund Shares.

 

If the Fund utilizes leverage through the issuance of preferred Shares or borrowings, it will be prohibited from declaring a distribution or dividend if it would fail the applicable asset coverage test(s) under the 1940 Act after the payment of such distribution or dividend. In addition, certain covenants in credit facilities or indentures may impose greater restrictions on the Fund’s ability to declare and pay dividends on Fund Shares. Limits on the Fund’s ability to pay dividends on Fund Shares may prevent the Fund from meeting the distribution requirements described above and, as a result, may affect the Fund’s ability to be subject to tax as a RIC or subject the Fund to the 4% excise tax. The Fund endeavors to avoid restrictions on its ability to make distribution payments. If the Fund is precluded from making distributions on Fund Shares because of any applicable asset coverage requirements, the terms of preferred Shares (if any) may provide that any amounts so precluded from being distributed, but required to be distributed by the Fund to enable the Fund to satisfy the distribution requirements that would enable the Fund to be subject to tax as a RIC, will be paid to the holders of preferred Shares as a special distribution. This distribution can be expected to decrease the amount that holders of preferred Shares would be entitled to receive upon redemption or liquidation of such preferred Shares.

 

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Certain of the Fund’s investments are expected to be subject to special U.S. federal income tax provisions that may, among other things, (1) disallow, suspend or otherwise limit the allowance of certain losses or deductions, (2) convert lower-taxed long-term capital gains into higher-taxed short-term capital gains or ordinary income, (3) convert an ordinary loss or a deduction into a capital loss, the deductibility of which is more limited, (4) adversely affect when a purchase or sale of shares or securities is deemed to occur, (5) adversely alter the intended characterization of certain complex financial transactions, (6) cause the Fund to recognize income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash, (7) treat dividends that would otherwise constitute qualified dividend income as non-qualified dividend income, (8) treat dividends that would otherwise be eligible for the corporate dividends received deduction as ineligible for such treatment and (9) produce income that will not constitute Qualifying RIC Income. The application of these rules could cause the Fund to be subject to U.S. federal income tax or the 4% excise tax and, under certain circumstances, could affect the Fund’s status as a RIC. The Fund monitors its investments and may make certain tax elections to mitigate the effect of these provisions.

 

The remainder of this discussion assumes that the Fund has qualified for and maintained its treatment as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes and has satisfied the distribution requirements described above.

 

Taxation of U.S. Shareholders

 

Distributions

 

Distributions of the Fund’s ordinary income and net short-term capital gains will, except as described below with respect to distributions of “qualified dividend income,” generally be taxable to Shareholders as ordinary income to the extent such distributions are paid out of the Fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Distributions (or deemed distributions, as described above), if any, of net capital gains will be taxable as long-term capital gains, regardless of the length of time a Shareholder has owned Shares. The ultimate tax characterization of the Fund’s distributions made in a tax year cannot be determined until after the end of the tax year. As a result, the Fund may make total distributions during a tax year in an amount that exceeds the current and accumulated earnings and profits of the Fund. A distribution of an amount in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated by a Shareholder as a return of capital that will be applied against and reduce the Shareholder’s tax basis in its Shares. To the extent that the amount of any such distribution exceeds the Shareholder’s tax basis in its Shares, the excess will be treated as gain from a sale or exchange of Shares. Distributions will be treated in the manner described above regardless of whether such distributions are paid in cash or invested in additional Shares. Generally, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a Shareholder receiving Shares under the DRP will be treated as having received a distribution equal to the fair market value of such Shares on the date the Shares are credited to the Shareholder’s account.

 

A return of capital to Shareholders is a return of a portion of their original investment in the Fund, thereby reducing the tax basis of their investment. As a result from such reduction in tax basis, Shareholders may be subject to tax in connection with the sale of Fund Shares, even if such Shares are sold at a loss relative to the Shareholder’s original investment.

 

It is expected that a substantial portion of the Fund’s income will consist of ordinary income. For example, interest and OID derived by the Fund characterized as ordinary income for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In addition, gain derived by the Fund from the disposition of debt instruments with “market discount” (generally, securities with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance acquired by the Fund at a price below the lesser of their stated redemption price at maturity or accreted value, in the case of securities with OID) will be characterized as ordinary income for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent of the market discount that has accrued, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, at the time of such disposition, unless the Fund makes an election to accrue market discount on a current basis. In addition, certain of the Fund’s investments will be subject to other special U.S. federal income tax provisions that may affect the character, increase the amount and/or accelerate the timing of distributions to Shareholders.

 

Distributions made by the Fund to a corporate Shareholder will qualify for the dividends-received deduction only to the extent that the distributions consist of qualifying dividends received by the Fund. In addition, any portion of the Fund’s dividends otherwise qualifying for the dividends-received deduction will be disallowed or reduced if the corporate Shareholder fails to satisfy certain requirements, including a holding period requirement, with respect to its Shares. Distributions of “qualified dividend income” to an individual or other non-corporate Shareholder will be treated as “qualified dividend income” to such Shareholder and generally will be taxed at long-term capital gain rates, provided the Shareholder satisfies the applicable holding period and other requirements. “Qualified dividend income” generally includes dividends from domestic corporations and dividends from foreign corporations that meet certain specified criteria. Given the Fund’s investment strategy, it is not expected that a significant portion of the distributions made by the Fund will be eligible for the dividends-received deduction or the reduced rates applicable to “qualified dividend income.”

 

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If a person acquires Shares shortly before the record date of a distribution, the price of the Shares may include the value of the distribution, and the person will be subject to tax on the distribution even though economically it may represent a return of the person’s investment in such Shares.

 

Distributions paid by the Fund generally will be treated as received by a Shareholder at the time the distribution is made. However, the Fund may, under certain circumstances, elect to treat a distribution that is paid during the following tax year as if it had been paid during the tax year in which the income or gains supporting the distribution was earned. If the Fund makes such an election, the Shareholder will still be treated as receiving the distribution in the tax year in which the distribution is received. In this instance, however, any distribution declared by the Fund in October, November or December of any calendar year, payable to Shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month and actually paid during January of the following calendar year, will be treated for tax purposes as if it had been received by Shareholders on December 31 of the calendar year in which the distribution was declared.

 

Shareholders will be notified annually, as promptly as practicable after the end of each calendar year, as to the U.S. federal tax status of distributions, and Shareholders receiving distributions in the form of additional Shares will receive a report as to the NAV of those Shares.

 

Sale or Exchange of Shares

 

The repurchase or transfer of Shares may result in a taxable gain or loss to the tendering Shareholder. Different tax consequences may apply for tendering and non-tendering Shareholders in connection with a repurchase offer. For example, if a Shareholder does not tender all of his or her Shares, such repurchase may not be treated as a sale or exchange for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and may result in deemed distributions to non-tendering Shareholders. On the other hand, Shareholders holding Shares as capital assets who tender all of their Shares (including Shares deemed owned by Shareholders under constructive ownership rules) will be treated as having sold their Shares and generally will recognize capital gain or loss. The amount of the gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the amount received for the Shares and the Shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the relevant Shares. Such gain or loss generally will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the Shareholder has held such Shares as capital assets for more than one year. Otherwise, the gain or loss will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss.

 

Losses realized by a Shareholder on the sale or exchange of Shares held as capital assets for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital losses to the extent of any distribution of long-term capital gains received (or deemed received, as discussed above) with respect to such Shares. In addition, no loss will be allowed on a sale or other disposition of Shares if the Shareholder acquires (including through reinvestment of distributions or otherwise) Shares, or enters into a contract or option to acquire Shares, within 30 days before or after any disposition of such Shares at a loss. In such a case, the basis of the Shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. Under current law, net capital gains recognized by non-corporate Shareholders are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax at lower rates than the rates applicable to ordinary income.

 

In general, U.S. Shareholders currently are generally subject to a maximum federal income tax rate of either 15% or 20% (depending on whether the Shareholder’s income exceeds certain threshold amounts) on their net capital gain (i.e., the excess of realized net long-term capital gains over realized net short-term capital losses), including any long-term capital gain derived from an investment in Shares. Such rate is lower than the maximum rate on ordinary income currently payable by individuals. Corporate U.S. Shareholders currently are subject to U.S. federal income tax on net capital gain at the maximum 21% rate also applied to ordinary income. Non-corporate Shareholders with net capital losses for a tax year (i.e., capital losses in excess of capital gains) generally may deduct up to $3,000 of such losses against their ordinary income each tax year. Any net capital losses of a non-corporate Shareholder in excess of $3,000 generally may be carried forward and used in subsequent tax years as provided in the Code. Corporate Shareholders generally may not deduct any net capital losses for a tax year, but may carry back such losses for three tax years or carry forward such losses for five tax years.

 

An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from the Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds certain threshold amounts. U.S. persons that are individuals, estates or trusts are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the applicability of this tax to their income and gains in respect of their investment in the Fund.

 

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The Fund (or if a U.S. Shareholder holds Shares through an intermediary, such intermediary) will send to each of its U.S. Shareholders, as promptly as possible after the end of each calendar year, a notice detailing, on a per Share and per distribution basis, the amounts includible in such U.S. Shareholder’s taxable income for such year as ordinary income and as long-term capital gain. In addition, the federal tax status of each year’s distributions generally will be reported to the IRS, including the amount of distributions, if any, eligible for the preferential maximum rate generally applicable to long-term capital gains. Distributions paid by the Fund generally will not be eligible for the corporate dividends received deduction or the preferential tax rate applicable to Qualifying Dividends because the Fund’s income generally will not consist of dividends. Distributions may also be subject to additional state, local and foreign taxes depending on a U.S. Shareholder’s particular situation.

 

Under U.S. Treasury regulations, if a Shareholder recognizes losses with respect to Shares of $2 million or more for an individual Shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate Shareholder, the Shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Direct Shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all RICs. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

 

Reporting of adjusted cost basis information is required for covered securities, which generally include shares of a RIC acquired after January 1, 2012, to the IRS and to taxpayers. Shareholders should contact their Financial Intermediaries with respect to reporting of cost basis and available elections for their accounts.

 

Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

 

Information returns will be filed with the IRS in connection with payments on Shares and the proceeds from a sale or other disposition of Shares. A Shareholder will be subject to backup withholding on all such payments if it fails to provide the payor with its correct taxpayer identification number (generally, in the case of a U.S. resident Shareholder, on an IRS Form W-9) and to make required certifications or otherwise establish an exemption from backup withholding. Corporate Shareholders and certain other Shareholders generally are exempt from backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against the applicable Shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

 

Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders

 

Whether an investment in the Fund is appropriate for a non-U.S. Shareholder (as defined below) will depend upon that investor’s particular circumstances. An investment in the Fund by a non-U.S. Shareholder may have adverse tax consequences. Non-U.S. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors before investing in Shares.

 

The U.S. federal income taxation of a Shareholder that is a nonresident alien individual, a foreign trust or estate or a foreign corporation, as defined for U.S. federal income tax purposes (a “non-U.S. Shareholder”), depends on whether the income that the Shareholder derives from the Fund is “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business carried on by the Shareholder.

 

If the income that a non-U.S. Shareholder derives from the Fund is not “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business carried on by such non-U.S. Shareholder, distributions of “investment company taxable income” will generally be subject to a U.S. federal withholding tax at the then-current rate (or a lower rate provided under an applicable treaty). Alternatively, if the income that a non-U.S. Shareholder derives from the Fund is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. Shareholder, the Fund will not be required to withhold U.S. federal tax if the non-U.S. Shareholder complies with applicable certification and disclosure requirements, although such income will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in the manner described below and at the rates applicable to U.S. residents. Backup withholding will not, however, be applied to payments that have been subject to the respective rate of withholding tax applicable to non-U.S. Shareholders.

 

A non-U.S. Shareholder whose income from the Fund is not “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business will generally be exempt from U.S. federal income tax on capital gains distributions, any amounts retained by the Fund that are designated as undistributed capital gains and any gains realized upon the sale or exchange of Shares. If, however, such a non-U.S. Shareholder is a nonresident alien individual and is physically present in the United States for 183 days or more during the tax year and meets certain other requirements such capital gains distributions, undistributed capital gains and gains from the sale or exchange of Shares will be subject to a the applicable U.S. tax rate.

 

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Furthermore, properly reported distributions by the Fund and received by non-U.S. Shareholders are generally exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax when they (a) are paid by the Fund in respect of the Fund’s “qualified net interest income” (i.e., the Fund’s U.S. source interest income, subject to certain exceptions, reduced by expenses that are allocable to such income), or (b) are paid by the Fund in connection with the Fund’s “qualified short-term capital gains” (generally, the excess of the Fund’s net short-term capital gains over the Fund’s long-term capital losses for such tax year). However, depending on the circumstances, the Fund may report all, some or none of the Fund’s potentially eligible distributions as derived from such qualified net interest income or from such qualified short-term capital gains, and a portion of such distributions (e.g., derived from interest from non-U.S. sources or any foreign currency gains) would be ineligible for this potential exemption from withholding. Moreover, in the case of Shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may have withheld amounts even if the Fund reported all or a portion of a distribution as exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax. To qualify for this exemption from withholding, a non-U.S. Shareholder must comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-U.S. tax residency status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN, IRS Form W-8BEN-E, IRS Form W-8ECI, IRS Form W-8IMY or IRS Form W-8EXP, or an acceptable substitute or successor form). Thus, an investment in the Shares by a non-U.S. Shareholder may have adverse tax consequences as compared to a direct investment in the assets in which the Fund will invest.

 

If the income from the Fund is “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business carried on by a non-U.S. Shareholder, any distributions of “investment company taxable income,” capital gains distributions, amounts retained by the Fund that are designated as undistributed capital gains and any gains realized upon the sale or exchange of Shares will be subject to U.S. income tax, on a net income basis, in the same manner, and at the graduated rates applicable to, U.S. persons. If such a non-U.S. Shareholder is a corporation, it may also be subject to the U.S. branch profits tax.

 

A non-U.S. Shareholder other than a corporation may be subject to backup withholding on net capital gains distributions that are otherwise exempt from withholding tax or on distributions that would otherwise be taxable at a reduced treaty rate if such Shareholder does not certify its non-U.S. status under penalties of perjury or otherwise establish an exemption.

 

If the Fund distributes net capital gains in the form of deemed rather than actual distributions, a non-U.S. Shareholder will be entitled to a U.S. federal income tax credit or tax refund equal to the Shareholder’s allocable share of the tax the Fund pays on the capital gains deemed to have been distributed. To obtain the refund, the non-U.S. Shareholder must obtain a U.S. taxpayer identification number and file a federal income tax return even if the non-U.S. Shareholder would not otherwise be required to obtain a U.S. taxpayer identification number or file a federal income tax return.

 

Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act provisions of the Code, the Fund is required to withhold U.S. tax (at the applicable rate) on payments of taxable dividends made to certain non-U.S. entities that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive reporting and withholding requirements in the Code designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned foreign investment accounts. Shareholders may be requested to provide additional information to the Fund to enable the Fund to determine whether withholding is required.

 

The tax consequences to a non-U.S. Shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of an applicable tax treaty may differ from those described herein. Non-U.S. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in the Fund, including the potential application of the U.S. estate tax.

 

Other Taxes

 

Shareholders may be subject to state, local and non-U.S. taxes applicable to their investment in the Fund. In those states or localities, entity-level tax treatment and the treatment of distributions made to Shareholders under those jurisdictions’ tax laws may differ from the treatment under the Code. Accordingly, an investment in Shares may have tax consequences for Shareholders that are different from those of a direct investment in the Fund’s portfolio investments. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in the Fund.

 

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ERISA CONSIDERATIONS

 

Employee benefit plans and other plans subject to ERISA or the Code, including corporate savings and 401(k) plans, IRAs and Keogh Plans (each, an “ERISA Plan”) may purchase Shares. ERISA imposes certain general and specific responsibilities on persons who are fiduciaries with respect to an ERISA Plan, including prudence, diversification, prohibited transactions and other standards. Because the Fund is registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act, the underlying assets of the Fund will not be considered to be “plan assets” of any ERISA Plan investing in the Fund for purposes of the fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction rules under Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code. Thus, none of the Fund or the Advisors will be a fiduciary within the meaning of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code with respect to the assets of any ERISA Plan that becomes a Shareholder, solely as a result of the ERISA Plan’s investment in the Fund.

 

The provisions of ERISA are subject to extensive and continuing administrative and judicial interpretation and review. The discussion of ERISA contained herein is, of necessity, general and may be affected by future publication of regulations and rulings. Potential investors should consult their legal advisors regarding the consequences under ERISA of an investment in the Fund through an ERISA Plan.

 

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ANTI-TAKEOVER PROVISIONS IN THE DECLARATION OF TRUST

 

The Declaration of Trust includes provisions that could have the effect of limiting the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or to change the composition of the Board. These provisions may have the effect of discouraging attempts to acquire control of the Fund, which attempts could have the effect of increasing the expenses of the Fund and interfering with the normal operation of the Fund. The Trustees are elected for indefinite terms and do not stand for reelection. A Trustee may be removed from office with cause only by action taken by a majority of the remaining Trustees (or, in the case of an Independent Trustee, only by action taken by a majority of the remaining Independent Trustees). The Declaration of Trust does not contain any other specific inhibiting provisions that would operate only with respect to an extraordinary transaction such as a merger, reorganization, tender offer, sale or transfer of substantially all of the Fund’s asset, or liquidation. Reference should be made to the Declaration of Trust on file with the SEC for the full text of these provisions.

 

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

 

Calamos Financial Services LLC, located at 2020 Calamos Court, Naperville, IL 60563, serves as the Fund’s principal underwriter and acts as the Distributor of the Fund’s Shares on a best efforts basis, subject to various conditions. The Fund’s Shares are offered for sale through the Distributor at a price equal to the then-current NAV per share plus any applicable sales load. The Distributor also may enter into agreements with Financial Intermediaries for the sale and servicing of the Fund’s Shares. While Class M Shares do not impose a front-end sales charge, if you purchase Class M Shares through certain financial firms, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees in such amount as they may determine. Please consult your financial firm for additional information. In reliance on Rule 415 under the 1933 Act, the Fund intends to offer its Shares, on a continual basis, through the Distributor. The Distributor is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of the Fund’s Shares, but will use its best efforts to solicit orders for the purchase of the Shares. Shares of the Fund will not be listed on any national securities exchange and the Distributor will not act as a market maker in Fund Shares.

 

The Advisors or their affiliates, in the Advisors’ discretion and from their own resources, may pay Additional Compensation to Financial Intermediaries in connection with the sale of Fund Shares. In return for the Additional Compensation, the Fund may receive certain marketing advantages including access to a Financial Intermediary’s registered representatives, placement on a list of investment options offered by a Financial Intermediary, or the ability to assist in training and educating a Financial Intermediary. The Additional Compensation may differ among Financial Intermediaries in amount or in the manner of calculation: payments of Additional Compensation may be fixed dollar amounts, or based on the aggregate value of outstanding Shares held by Shareholders introduced by the Financial Intermediary, or determined in some other manner. The receipt of Additional Compensation by a selling Financial Intermediary may create potential conflicts of interest between an investor and its Financial Intermediary who is recommending the Fund over other potential investments. Additionally, the Fund pays a servicing fee to the Financial Intermediaries or financial institutions and for providing ongoing services in respect of clients with whom it has distributed Shares of the Fund. Such services may include electronic processing of client orders, electronic fund transfers between clients and the Fund, account reconciliations with the Fund’s transfer agent, facilitation of electronic delivery to clients of Fund documentation, monitoring client accounts for back-up withholding and any other special tax reporting obligations, maintenance of books and records with respect to the foregoing, and such other information and ongoing liaison services as the Fund or the Advisors may reasonably request.

 

Purchasing Shares

 

Investors may purchase Class A, Class C, Class I and Class M Shares directly from the Fund in accordance with the instructions below. Investors will be assessed fees for returned checks and stop payment orders at prevailing rates charged by USBFS. The returned check and stop payment fee is currently $25. Class A, Class C, Class I and Class M Shares of the Fund may be purchased through Financial Intermediaries offering such Shares. Orders will be priced at the appropriate price next computed after it is received by a Financial Intermediary and accepted by the Fund. A Financial Intermediary may hold Shares in an omnibus account in the Financial Intermediary’s name or the Financial Intermediary may maintain individual ownership records. The Fund may pay the Financial Intermediary for maintaining individual ownership records as well as providing other shareholder services. Financial Intermediaries may charge fees for the services they provide in connection with processing your transaction order or maintaining an investor’s account with them. Investors should check with their Financial Intermediary to determine if it is subject to these arrangements. Financial Intermediaries are responsible for placing orders correctly and promptly with the Fund, forwarding payment promptly. The Fund accepts initial and additional purchases of Shares as of the first business day of each calendar month. Orders will be priced based on the Fund’s NAV next computed after it is received by the transfer agent.

 

While Class M Shares are not subject to a front-end sales charge, if you purchase Class M Shares through certain financial firms, such firms may directly charge you transaction or other fees in such amount as they may determine. Please consult your financial firm for additional information. Investors in Class A Shares and Class C Shares may be subject to purchase deadlines set by their Financial Intermediary. Financial Intermediaries who miss Fund deadlines on behalf of their clients on any day may have their purchases delayed until the next day that the Fund accepts purchases orders.

 

If an investment is made through an IRA, Keogh plan or 401(k) plan, an approved trustee must process and forward the subscription to the Fund. In such case, the Fund will send the confirmation and notice of its acceptance to the trustee.

 

74

 

 

Right of Accumulation

 

For the purposes of determining the applicable reduced sales charge, the right of accumulation allows you to include prior purchases of Class A Shares of the Fund as part of your current investment as well as reinvested dividends. To qualify for this option, you must be either:

 

·an individual;

 

·an individual and spouse purchasing shares for your own account or trust or custodial accounts for your minor children; or

 

·a fiduciary purchasing for any one trust, estate or fiduciary account, including employee benefit plans created under Sections 401, 403 or 457 of the Code, including related plans of the same employer.

 

If you plan to rely on this right of accumulation, you must notify the Distributor at the time of your purchase. You will need to give the Distributor your account numbers. Existing holdings of family members or other related accounts of a Shareholder may be combined for purposes of determining eligibility. If applicable, you will need to provide the account numbers of your spouse and your minor children as well as the ages of your minor children.

 

Exchanging Shares

 

Exchanges from one class of Shares to another class of Shares are generally not permitted. Upon request, the Fund may, in its discretion, permit a current Shareholder to exchange his or her shares to another class of Shares in a non-taxable transaction; provided that such Shareholder meets the requirements of the new Share class.

 

Share Class Considerations

 

When selecting a Share class, you should consider the following:

 

· which Share classes are available to you;

 

· how much you intend to invest;

 

· how long you expect to own the Shares; and

 

· total costs and expenses associated with a particular Share class.

 

Each investor’s financial considerations are different. You should speak with your Financial Intermediary to help you decide which Share class is best for you. Not all Financial Intermediaries offer all classes of Shares. If your Financial Intermediary offers more than one class of Shares, you should carefully consider which class of Shares to purchase.

 

Distribution and/or Shareholder Service Expenses

 

The Fund has adopted a “Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan” with respect to its Class A, Class C and Class M Shares under which the Fund may compensate financial industry professionals for distribution-related expenses, if applicable, and providing ongoing services in respect of clients with whom they have distributed Shares of the Fund. Such services may include electronic processing of client orders, electronic fund transfers between clients and the Fund, account reconciliations with the Fund’s transfer agent, facilitation of electronic delivery to clients of Fund documentation, monitoring client accounts for back-up withholding and any other special tax reporting obligations, maintenance of books and records with respect to the foregoing, and such other information and liaison services as the Fund or the Advisors may reasonably request. Under the Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan, the Fund, with respect to Class A, Class C and Class M, may incur expenses on an annual basis equal to 0.25%, 1.00% and 0.75%, respectively, of its average monthly net assets. With respect to Class A Shares, the entire fee is characterized as a “shareholder service fee.” With respect to Class C Shares, 0.25% of the fee is characterized as a “shareholder service fee” and the remaining portion is characterized as a “distribution fee.” With respect to Class M Shares, the entire fee is characterized as a “distribution fee.”

 

The Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan and the Distribution Plan each operates in a manner consistent with Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, which regulates the manner in which an open-end investment company may directly or indirectly bear the expenses of distributing its shares. Although the Fund is not an open-end investment company, it has undertaken to comply with the terms of Rule 12b-1 as a condition of an exemptive order under the 1940 Act which permits it to have asset-based distribution fees.

 

75

 

 

DISTRIBUTIONS

 

The Fund intends to make a distribution each quarter to its Shareholders of the net investment income of the Fund after payment of Fund operating expenses. The dividend rate may be modified by the Board from time to time.

 

To the extent that any portion of the Fund’s quarterly distributions are considered a return of capital to Shareholders, such portion would not be considered dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and would represent a return of the amounts that such Shareholders invested. Although such return of capital distributions are not currently taxable to Shareholders, such distributions will have the effect of lowering a Shareholder’s tax basis in such Shares, and could result in a higher tax liability when the Shares are sold, even if they have not increased in value, or in fact, have lost value. The Fund’s final distribution for each tax year is expected to include any remaining investment company taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any) undistributed during the tax year, as well as any undistributed net capital gain realized during the tax year. If the total distributions made in any tax year exceed investment company taxable income, net tax-exempt income and net capital gain, such excess distributed amount would be treated as ordinary dividend income to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. This distribution policy, may, under certain circumstances, have adverse consequences to the Fund and its Shareholders because it may result in a return of capital resulting in less of a Shareholder’s assets being invested in the Fund and, over time, increase the Fund’s expense ratio. The distribution policy also may cause the Fund to sell securities at a time it would not otherwise do so to manage the distribution of income and gain. The initial distribution will be declared on a date determined by the Board.

 

Each year, a statement on Form 1099-DIV identifying the sources of the distributions (i.e., paid from ordinary income, paid from net capital gains on the sale of securities, and/or a return of capital, which is a nontaxable distribution) will be furnished to Shareholders subject to IRS reporting. Fund ordinary distributions may exceed the Fund’s earnings, especially during the period before the Fund has substantially invested the proceeds from this offering. To the extent that the Fund pays distributions that constitute a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it will lower an investor’s tax basis in his or her Shares. A return of capital generally is a return of an investor’s investment rather than a return of earnings or gains derived from the Fund’s investment activities. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to pay distributions at a specific rate or at all.

 

As discussed in the “Tax Aspects” section, to qualify for and maintain RIC tax treatment, the Fund is required to distribute on a timely basis with respect to each tax year dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes of an amount at least equal to the sum of 90% of “investment company taxable income” and net tax-exempt interest income, determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid, for such tax year. To avoid certain excise taxes imposed on RICs, the Fund is required to distribute in respect of each calendar year dividends of an amount at least equal to the sum of (1) 98% of ordinary income (taking into account certain deferrals and elections) for the calendar year, (2) 98.2% of capital gain net income (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) generally for the one-year period ending on October 31 of the calendar year and (3) any ordinary income and capital gain net income for previous calendar years that were not distributed during such calendar years and on which the Fund paid no U.S. federal income tax. The Fund can offer no assurance that it will achieve results that will permit the payment of any cash distributions. If the Fund issues senior securities, the Fund will be prohibited from making distributions if doing so causes it to fail to maintain the asset coverage ratios stipulated by the 1940 Act or if distributions are limited by the terms of any of the Fund’s borrowings. Any such limitations would adversely impact the Fund’s ability to make distributions to Shareholders.

 

Dividend Reinvestment Plan

 

The Fund will operate under the DRP administered by USBFS. Pursuant to the DRP, the Fund’s Distributions, net of any applicable U.S. withholding tax, are reinvested in the same class of Shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholders automatically participate in the DRP, unless and until an election is made to withdraw from the DRP on behalf of such participating Shareholder. A Shareholder who does not wish to have Distributions automatically reinvested may terminate participation in the DRP by written instructions to that effect to USBFS. Shareholders who elect not to participate in the DRP will receive all distributions in cash paid to the Shareholder of record (or, if the Shares are held in street or other nominee name, then to such nominee). Such written instructions must be received by USBFS by the Repurchase Request Deadline or the Shareholder will receive such Distribution in Shares through the DRP. Under the DRP, the Fund’s Distributions to Shareholders are automatically reinvested in full and fractional Shares as described below.

 

76

 

 

When the Fund declares a Distribution, USBFS, on the Shareholder’s behalf, will receive additional authorized Shares from the Fund either newly issued or repurchased from Shareholders by the Fund. The number of Shares to be received when Distributions are reinvested will be determined by dividing the amount of the Distribution by the Fund’s NAV per share.

 

USBFS will maintain all Shareholder accounts and furnish written confirmations of all transactions in the accounts, including information needed by Shareholders for personal and tax records. USBFS will hold Shares in the account of the Shareholders in non-certificated form in the name of the participant, and each Shareholder’s proxy, if any, will include those Shares purchased pursuant to the DRP. Each participant, nevertheless, has the right to request certificates for whole and fractional Shares owned. The Fund will issue certificates in its sole discretion. USBFS will distribute all proxy solicitation materials, if any, to participating Shareholders.

 

In the case of Shareholders, such as banks, brokers or nominees, that hold Shares for others who are beneficial owners participating under the DRP, USBFS will administer the DRP on the basis of the number of Shares certified from time to time by the record shareholder as representing the total amount of Shares registered in the Shareholder’s name and held for the account of beneficial owners participating under the DRP.

 

Neither USBFS nor the Fund shall have any responsibility or liability beyond the exercise of ordinary care for any action taken or omitted pursuant to the DRP, nor shall they have any duties, responsibilities or liabilities except such as expressly set forth herein. Neither shall they be liable hereunder for any act done in good faith or for any good faith omissions to act, including, without limitation, failure to terminate a participant’s account prior to receipt of written notice of his or her death or with respect to prices at which Shares are purchased or sold for the participants account and the terms on which such purchases and sales are made, subject to applicable provisions of the federal securities laws.

 

The automatic reinvestment of Dividends will not relieve participants of any federal, state or local income tax that may be payable (or required to be withheld) on such Dividends. See “Tax Aspects.”

 

The Fund reserves the right to amend or terminate the DRP upon 30 days’ notice to Shareholders. There is no direct service charge to participants with regard to purchases under the DRP; however, the Fund reserves the right to amend the DRP to include a service charge payable by the participants.

 

All correspondence concerning the DRP should be directed to USBFS at Calamos-Avenue Opportunities Fund. Certain transactions can be performed by calling the toll free number 888-484-1944.

 

77

 

 

FISCAL YEAR; REPORTS

 

For accounting purposes, the Fund’s fiscal year and tax year is expected to end on September 30. As soon as practicable after the end of each calendar year, a statement on Form 1099-DIV identifying the sources of the distributions paid by the Fund to Shareholders for tax purposes will be furnished to Shareholders subject to IRS reporting. In addition, the Fund will prepare and transmit to Shareholders an unaudited semi-annual and an audited annual report within 60 days after the close of the period for which the report is being made, or as otherwise required by the 1940 Act.

 

78

 

 

INQUIRIES

 

Inquiries concerning the Fund and the Shares should be directed to the Fund at 888-484-1944.

 

79

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THE STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

Page

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, POLICIES AND RISKS B-1
   
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS B-10
   
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND B-12
   
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS B-21
   
PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROXY VOTING RECORD B-22
   
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES B-23
   
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM B-24
   
LEGAL COUNSEL B-24
   
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION B-24
   
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS F-1
   

 

80

 

 

Investors should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. No dealer, salesperson or other individual has been authorized to give any information or to make any representations that are not contained in this prospectus. If any such information or statements are given or made, investors should not rely upon such information or representations. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell any securities other than those to which this prospectus relates, or an offer to sell to, or a solicitation of an offer to buy from, any person in any jurisdiction where such an offer or solicitation would be unlawful. This prospectus speaks as of the date set forth below. Investors should not assume that the delivery of this prospectus or that any sale made pursuant to this prospectus implies that the information contained in this prospectus will remain fully accurate and correct as of any time subsequent to the date of this prospectus.

 

CALAMOS-AVENUE OPPORTUNITIES FUND

 

SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST

 

 

 

PROSPECTUS

 

 

 

[ ], 2022

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Preliminary Statement of Additional Information

Dated January 12, 2022

Subject to Completion

 

The information in this preliminary statement of additional information is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary statement of additional information is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

CALAMOS-AVENUE OPPORTUNITIES FUND

SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST

 

Class A Shares

Class C Shares

Class I Shares

Class M Shares

 

 

Statement of Additional Information

 

[ ], 2022

 

 

Calamos-Avenue Opportunities Fund (the “Fund”) is a newly organized Delaware statutory trust that is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), as a diversified, closed-end management investment company that is operated as an interval fund. The Fund’s investment objective is to generate attractive risk-adjusted total returns, comprised of both capital appreciation and current income, by opportunistically investing in a global portfolio of proprietary credit opportunities and other primarily illiquid debt instruments, complemented by liquid credit and alternative investment strategies to enhance the risk and liquidity profile of the Fund. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

 

This Statement of Additional Information (this “Statement of Additional Information”) is not a prospectus and is authorized for distribution to prospective investors only if preceded or accompanied by the applicable Prospectus. This Statement of Additional Information should be read in conjunction with the applicable Prospectus, a copy of which may be obtained upon request and without charge by writing to the Fund at Calamos-Avenue Opportunities Fund c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701 or by calling toll-free 888-484-1944 or by accessing the Fund’s website at www.calamos.com. The information on the website is not incorporated by reference into this Statement of Additional Information and investors should not consider it a part of this Statement of Additional Information. The Prospectuses, and other information about the Fund, are also available on the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s (the “SEC”) website at http://www.sec.gov. The address of the SEC’s website is provided solely for the information of prospective investors and is not intended to be an active link.

 

Capitalized terms used but not defined in this Statement of Additional Information have the meanings ascribed to them in the applicable Prospectus.

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Page

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, POLICIES AND RISKS B-1
   
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS B-10
   
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND B-12
   
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS B-21
   
PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROXY VOTING RECORD B-22
   
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES B-23
   
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM B-24
   
LEGAL COUNSEL B-24
   
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION B-24
   
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS F-1

 

 

 

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, POLICIES AND RISKS

 

The following disclosure supplements the disclosure set forth under the caption “Types of Investments and Related Risks” in the applicable Prospectus and does not, by itself, present a complete or accurate explanation of the matters disclosed. Prospective investors must refer also to “Types of Investments and Related Risks” in the applicable Prospectus for a complete presentation of the matters disclosed below.

 

Bank Loans and Participations

 

The Fund’s investment program may include bank loans and participations. These obligations are subject to unique risks, including (i) the possible avoidance of an investment transaction as a “preferential transfer,” “fraudulent conveyance” or “fraudulent transfer,” among other avoidance actions, under relevant bankruptcy, insolvency and/or creditors’ rights laws; (ii) so-called “lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations; (iii) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations; (iv) limitations on the ability of the Fund to directly enforce its rights with respect to participations; and (v) the contractual nature of participations where the Fund takes on the credit risk of the agent bank rather than the actual borrower.

 

The Fund may acquire interests in loans either directly (by way of assignment) or indirectly (by way of participation). The Fund typically acquires loans by assignment, but may in some instances purchase loans by participation. The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a contracting party under the loan agreement with respect to the loan; however, its rights can be more restricted than those of the assigning institution. Participation in a portion of a loan typically results in a contractual relationship only with the institution participating out the interest and not with the obligor. The Fund would, in such a case, have the right to receive payments of principal and interest to which it is entitled only from the institution selling the participation, and not directly from the obligor, and only upon receipt by such institution of such payments from the obligor. As the owner of a participation, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the obligor with the terms of the loan agreement or to vote on amendments to the loan agreement, nor any rights of set-off against the obligor, and the Fund may not directly benefit from collateral supporting the loan in which it has purchased the participation. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of the selling institution, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of such selling institution, and may not have any exclusive or senior claim with respect to the selling institution’s interest in, or the collateral with respect to, the applicable loan. Consequently, the Fund will assume the credit risk of both the obligor and the institution selling the participation to the Fund. As a result, concentrations of participations from any one selling institution subject the Fund to an additional degree of risk with respect to defaults by such selling institution. In addition, because bank loans are not typically registered under the federal securities laws like stocks and bonds, investors in loans have less protection against improper practices than investors in registered securities.

 

Rights Offerings and Warrants to Purchase

 

The Fund may participate in rights offerings and may purchase warrants, which are privileges issued by corporations enabling the owners to subscribe for and purchase a specified number of shares of the corporation at a specified price during a specified period of time. Subscription rights normally have a short life span to expiration. The purchase of rights or warrants involves the risk that the Fund could lose the purchase value of a right or warrant if the right to subscribe for additional shares is not exercised prior to the rights’ or warrants’ expiration. Also, the purchase of rights and/or warrants involves the risk that the effective price paid for the right and/or warrant added to the subscription price of the related security may exceed the value of the related security’s market price such as when there is no movement in the level of the underlying security.

 

Equity Securities

 

In addition to common stock, the Fund may invest in other equity securities, such as depositary receipts.

 

Depositary Receipts. The Fund may hold investments in sponsored and unsponsored American depositary receipts (“ADRs”), European depositary receipts (“EDRs”), global depositary receipts (“GDRs”) and other similar global instruments. ADRs typically are issued by a U.S. bank or trust company and evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a non-U.S. corporation. EDRs, which are sometimes referred to as continental depositary receipts, are receipts issued in Europe, typically by non-U.S. banks and trust companies, that evidence ownership of either non-U.S. or domestic underlying securities. GDRs are depositary receipts structured like global debt issues to facilitate trading on an international basis. Unsponsored ADR, EDR and GDR programs are organized independently and without the cooperation of the issuer of the underlying securities. As a result, available information concerning the issuer may not be as current as for sponsored ADRs, EDRs and GDRs, and the prices of unsponsored ADRs, EDRs and GDRs may be more volatile than if such instruments were sponsored by the issuer. Investments in ADRs, EDRs and GDRs present the additional investment considerations of non-U.S. securities.

 

B-1

 

 

Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Debt Securities

 

For temporary defensive purposes, the Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash equivalents and short-term debt securities. Short-term debt securities are defined to include, without limitation, the following:

 

(1) U.S. government securities, including bills, notes and bonds differing as to maturity and rates of interest that are either issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury or by U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. government securities include securities issued by: (a) the Federal Housing Administration, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Small Business Administration and Government National Mortgage Association, the securities of which are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; (b) the Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks and Tennessee Valley Authority, the securities of which are supported by the right of the agency to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; (c) the Federal National Mortgage Association, the securities of which are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the agency or instrumentality; and (d) the Student Loan Marketing Association, the securities of which are supported only by its credit. While the U.S. government provides financial support to such U.S. government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities, no assurance can be given that it always will do so since it is not so obligated by law. The U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities do not guarantee the market value of their securities. Consequently, the value of such securities may fluctuate. The economic crisis in the United States during 2008 and 2009 negatively impacted government-sponsored entities. As the real estate market deteriorated through declining home prices and increasing foreclosure, government-sponsored entities, which back the majority of U.S. mortgages, experienced extreme volatility, and in some cases, a lack of liquidity. Calamos Avenue Management, LLC (“CAM” or “Advisor”), a joint venture between Calamos Advisors LLC (“Calamos”) and Avenue Capital Management II, L.P. (“Avenue” and collectively with Calamos, the “Sub-Advisors,” and the Sub-Advisors collectively with the Advisor, the “Advisors”), will monitor developments and seek to manage the Fund’s portfolio in a manner consistent with achieving the Fund’s investment objective; but there can be no assurance that it will be successful in doing so.

 

(2) Certificates of deposit issued against funds deposited in a bank or a savings and loan association. Such certificates are for a definite period of time, earn a specified rate of return and are normally negotiable. The issuer of a certificate of deposit agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the certificate on the date specified thereon. Certificates of deposit purchased by the Fund may not be fully insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

 

(3) Repurchase agreements, which involve purchases of debt securities. At the time the Fund purchases securities pursuant to a repurchase agreement, it simultaneously agrees to resell and redeliver such securities to the seller, who also simultaneously agrees to buy back the securities at a fixed price and time. This assures a predetermined yield for the Fund during its holding period, since the resale price is always greater than the purchase price and reflects an agreed-upon market rate. Such actions afford an opportunity for the Fund to invest temporarily available cash. The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements only with respect to obligations of the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities; certificates of deposit; or bankers’ acceptances in which the Fund may invest. Repurchase agreements may be considered loans to the seller, collateralized by the underlying securities. The risk to the Fund is limited to the ability of the seller to pay the agreed-upon sum on the repurchase date; in the event of default, the repurchase agreement provides that the Fund is entitled to sell the underlying collateral. If the value of the collateral declines after the agreement is entered into, and if the seller defaults under a repurchase agreement when the value of the underlying collateral is less than the repurchase price, the Fund could incur a loss of both principal and interest. The Advisors will monitor the value of the collateral at the time the action is entered into and at all times during the term of the repurchase agreement. The Advisors will do so in an effort to determine that the value of the collateral always equals or exceeds the agreed-upon repurchase price to be paid to the Fund. If the seller were to be subject to a federal bankruptcy proceeding, the ability of the Fund to liquidate the collateral could be delayed or impaired because of certain provisions of the bankruptcy laws.

 

B-2

 

 

(4) Commercial paper, which consists of short-term unsecured promissory notes, including variable rate master demand notes issued by corporations to finance their current operations. Master demand notes are direct lending arrangements between the Fund and a corporation. There is no secondary market for such notes. However, they are redeemable by the Fund at any time. The Advisors will consider the financial condition of the corporation (e.g., earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios) and will continuously monitor the corporation’s ability to meet all of its financial obligations because the Fund’s liquidity might be impaired if the corporation were unable to pay principal and interest on demand. Investments in commercial paper will be limited to commercial paper rated in the highest categories by a major rating agency and which mature within one year of the date of purchase or carry a variable or floating rate of interest.

 

When-Issued and Forward Commitment Securities

 

The Fund may purchase securities on a “when-issued” basis and may purchase or sell securities on a “forward commitment” basis to acquire the security or to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices. When such transactions are negotiated, the price, which is generally expressed in yield terms, is fixed at the time the commitment is made, but delivery and payment for the securities take place at a later date. When-issued securities and forward commitments may be sold prior to the settlement date, but the Fund will enter into when-issued and forward commitments only with the intention of actually receiving or delivering the securities, as the case may be. If the Fund disposes of the right to acquire a when-issued security prior to its acquisition or disposes of its right to deliver or receive against a forward commitment, it might incur a gain or loss. At the time the Fund enters into a transaction on a when-issued or forward commitment basis, it will designate on its books and records cash or liquid credit securities equal to at least the value of the when-issued or forward commitment securities, unless future SEC staff guidance permits designation or segregation to a lesser extent. The value of these assets will be monitored daily to ensure that their marked-to-market value will at all times equal or exceed the corresponding obligations of the Fund. There is always a risk that the securities may not be delivered and that the Fund may incur a loss. Settlements in the ordinary course, which may take substantially more than five business days, are not treated by the Fund as when-issued or forward commitment transactions and accordingly are not subject to the foregoing restrictions.

 

Securities purchased on a forward commitment or when-issued basis are subject to changes in value (generally changing in the same way, i.e., appreciating when interest rates decline and depreciating when interest rates rise) based upon the public’s perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and changes, actual or anticipated, in the level of interest rates. Securities purchased on a forward commitment or when-issued basis may expose the Fund to risks because they may experience such fluctuations prior to their actual delivery. Purchasing securities on a when-issued basis can involve the additional risks that the yield available in the market when the delivery takes place actually may be higher than that obtained in the transaction itself. Purchasing securities on a forward commitment or when-issued basis when the Fund is fully invested may result in greater potential fluctuation in the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”).

 

The risks and effect of settlements in the ordinary course on the Fund’s NAV are not the same as the risks and effect of when-issued and forward commitment securities.

 

The purchase price of when-issued and forward commitment securities are expressed in yield terms, which reference a floating rate of interest, and is therefore subject to fluctuations of the security’s value in the market from the date of the Fund’s commitment (the “Commitment Date”) to the date of the actual delivery and payment for such securities (the “Settlement Date”). There is a risk that, on the Settlement Date, the Fund’s payment of the final purchase price, which is calculated on the yield negotiated on the Commitment Date, will be higher than the market’s valuation of the security on the Settlement Date. This same risk is also borne if the Fund disposes of its right to acquire a when-issued security, or its right to deliver or receive a forward commitment security, and there is a downward market movement in the value of the security from the Commitment Date to the Settlement Date. In some instances, no income accrues to the Fund during the period from the Commitment Date to the Settlement Date. On the other hand, the Fund may incur a gain if the Fund invests in when-issued and forward commitment securities and correctly anticipates the rise in interest rates and prices in the market.

 

B-3

 

 

The settlements of secondary market purchases of senior loans in the ordinary course, on a settlement date beyond the period expected by loan market participants (i.e., T+7 for par loans and T+20 for distressed loans, in other words more than seven or twenty business days beyond the trade date, respectively) are subject to the delayed compensation mechanics prescribed by the Loan Syndications and Trading Association (“LSTA”). For par loans, income accrues to the buyer of the senior loan (the “Buyer”) during the period beginning on the last date by which the senior loan purchase should have settled (T+7) to and including the actual settlement date. Should settlement of a par senior loan purchase in the secondary market be delayed beyond the T+7 period prescribed by the LSTA, the Buyer is typically compensated for such delay through a payment from the seller of the senior loan (this payment may be netted from the wire released on settlement date for the purchase price of the senior loan paid by the Buyer). In brief, the adjustment is typically calculated by multiplying the notional amount of the trade by the applicable margin in the Loan Agreement prorated for the number of business days (calculated using a year of 360 days) beyond the settlement period prescribed by the LSTA, plus any amendment or consent fees that the buyer should have received. Furthermore, the purchase of a senior loan in the secondary market is typically negotiated and finalized pursuant to a binding trade confirmation, and therefore, the risk of non-delivery of the security to the Fund is reduced or eliminated when compared with such risk when investing in when-issued or forward commitment securities.

 

Other Fund Strategies

 

Short Sales

 

The Fund may engage in short sales of securities. A short sale is a transaction in which the Fund sells a security it does not own as a means of attractive financing for purchasing other assets or in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline. The Fund may make short sales for financing, for risk management, to maintain portfolio flexibility or to enhance income or gain.

 

When the Fund makes a short sale, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the broker-dealer through which it made the short sale as collateral for its obligation to deliver the security upon conclusion of the sale. The Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and is often obligated to pay over any payments received on such borrowed securities.

 

The Fund’s obligation to replace the borrowed security may be secured by collateral deposited with the broker-dealer, usually cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid securities. The Fund may also be required to designate on its books and records similar collateral with its custodian to the extent, if any, necessary so that the aggregate collateral value is at all times at least equal to the current market value of the security sold short. Depending on arrangements made with the broker-dealer from which it borrowed the security regarding payment over of any payments received by the Fund on such security, the Fund may not receive any payments (including interest) on its collateral deposited with such broker-dealer.

 

Short selling involves a number of risks. If a security sold short increases in price, the Fund may have to cover its short position at a higher price than the short sale price, resulting in a loss. The Fund may, but is not expected to, have substantial short positions and may engage in short sales where it does not own or have the immediate right to acquire the security sold short, and as such must borrow those securities to make delivery to the buyer under the short sale transaction. The Fund may not be able to borrow a security that it needs to deliver or it may not be able to close out a short position at an acceptable price and may have to sell related long positions earlier than it had expected. Thus, the Fund may not be able to successfully implement any short sale strategy it employs due to limited availability of desired securities or for other reasons. Also, there is the risk that the counterparty to a short sale may fail to honor its contractual terms, causing a loss to the Fund.

 

Until the Fund replaces a security borrowed in connection with a short sale, it may be required to maintain a segregated account of cash or liquid assets with a broker or custodian to cover the Fund’s short position.

 

Generally, securities held in a segregated account cannot be sold unless they are replaced with other liquid assets. The Fund’s ability to access the pledged collateral may also be impaired in the event the broker becomes bankrupt, insolvent or otherwise fails to comply with the terms of the contract. In such instances, the Fund may not be able to substitute or sell the pledged collateral and may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery in a bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding. Additionally, the Fund must maintain sufficient liquid assets, less any additional collateral pledged to the broker, marked-to-market daily, to cover the borrowed securities obligations. This may limit the Fund’s investment flexibility, as well as its ability to meet other current obligations.

 

In times of unusual or adverse market, economic, regulatory or political conditions, the Fund may not be able, fully or partially, to implement its short selling strategy. Periods of unusual or adverse market, economic, regulatory or political conditions generally may exist for as long as six months and, in some cases, much longer.

 

B-4

 

 

Derivatives

 

General Limitations on Futures and Options Transactions. The Fund has filed a notice of eligibility for exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) and the National Futures Association, which regulate trading in the futures markets. Pursuant to CFTC Regulation 4.5, the Fund is not subject to regulation as a commodity pool under the Commodity Exchange Act (the “CEA”).

 

Various exchanges and regulatory authorities have undertaken reviews of options and futures trading in light of market volatility. Among the possible actions that have been presented are proposals to adopt new or more stringent daily price fluctuation limits for futures and options transactions and proposals to increase the margin requirements for various types of futures transactions.

 

Asset Coverage for Futures and Options Positions. The Fund complies with the regulatory requirements of the SEC and the CFTC with respect to coverage of options and futures positions by registered investment companies and, if the guidelines so require, will segregate cash, U.S. government securities, high-grade liquid debt securities and/or other liquid assets permitted by the SEC and CFTC on the Fund’s records in the amount prescribed. Securities segregated on the Fund’s records cannot be sold while the futures or options position is outstanding, unless replaced with other permissible assets, and will be marked-to-market daily.

 

Options. The Fund may purchase put and call options on currencies or securities. A put option gives the purchaser the right to compel the writer of the option to purchase from the option holder an underlying currency or security or its equivalent at a specified price at any time during the option period. In contrast, a call option gives the purchaser the right to buy the underlying currency or security covered by the option or its equivalent from the writer of the option at the stated exercise price.

 

As a holder of a put option, the Fund will have the right to sell the currencies or securities underlying the option and as the holder of a call option, the Fund will have the right to purchase the currencies or securities underlying the option, in each case at their exercise price at any time prior to the option’s expiration date. The Fund may seek to terminate its option positions prior to their expiration by entering into closing transactions. The ability of the Fund to enter into a closing sale transaction depends on the existence of a liquid secondary market. There can be no assurance that a closing purchase or sale transaction can be effected when the Fund so desires.

 

Certain Considerations Regarding Options. The hours of trading for options may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the options markets. The purchase of options is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The purchase of options involves the risk that the premium and transaction costs paid by the Fund in purchasing an option will be lost as a result of unanticipated movements in prices of the securities on which the option is based. Imperfect correlation between the options and securities markets may detract from the effectiveness of attempted hedging. Options transactions may result in significantly higher transaction costs and portfolio turnover for the Fund.

 

Some, but not all, of the Fund’s derivative instruments may be traded and listed on an exchange. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an options exchange will exist for any particular option at any particular time, and for some options no secondary market on an exchange or elsewhere may exist. If the Fund is unable to effect a closing sale transaction with respect to options on securities that it has purchased, it would have to exercise the option to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs upon the purchase and sale of the underlying securities.

 

Futures Contracts. The Fund may enter into securities-related futures contracts, including security futures contracts, as an anticipatory hedge. The Fund’s derivative investments may include sales of futures as an offset against the effect of expected declines in securities prices and purchases of futures as an offset against the effect of expected increases in securities prices. The Fund does not enter into futures contracts which are prohibited under the CEA and will, to the extent required by regulatory authorities, enter only into futures contracts that are traded on exchanges and are standardized as to maturity date and underlying financial instrument. A security futures contract is a legally binding agreement between two parties to purchase or sell in the future a specific quantity of a security or of the component securities of a narrow-based security index, at a certain price. A person who buys a security futures contract enters into a contract to purchase an underlying security and is said to be “long” the contract. A person who sells a security futures contract enters into a contract to sell the underlying security and is said to be “short” the contract. The price at which the contract trades (the “contract price”) is determined by relative buying and selling interest on a regulated exchange.

 

B-5

 

 

Transaction costs are incurred when a futures contract is bought or sold and margin deposits must be maintained. To enter into a security futures contract, the Fund must deposit funds with its custodian in the name of the futures commodities merchant equal to a specified percentage of the current market value of the contract as a performance bond. Moreover, all security futures contracts are marked-to-market at least daily, usually after the close of trading. At that time, the account of each buyer and seller reflects the amount of any gain or loss on the security futures contract based on the contract price established at the end of the day for settlement purposes.

 

An open position, either a long or short position, is closed or liquidated by entering into an offsetting transaction (i.e., an equal and opposite transaction to the one that opened the position) prior to the contract expiration. Traditionally, most futures contracts are liquidated prior to expiration through an offsetting transaction and, thus, holders do not incur a settlement obligation. If the offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, a gain will be realized; if it is more, a loss will be realized. Conversely, if the offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, a gain will be realized; if it is less, a loss will be realized. The transaction costs must also be included in these calculations. However, there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to enter into an offsetting transaction with respect to a particular futures contract at a particular time. If the Fund is not able to enter into an offsetting transaction, the Fund will continue to be required to maintain the margin deposits on the futures contract and the Fund may not be able to realize a gain in the value of its future position or prevent losses from mounting. This inability to liquidate could occur, for example, if trading is halted due to unusual trading activity in either the security futures contract or the underlying security; if trading is halted due to recent news events involving the issuer of the underlying security; if systems failures occur on an exchange or at the firm carrying the position; or, if the position is on an illiquid market. Even if the Fund can liquidate its position, it may be forced to do so at a price that involves a large loss.

 

Under certain market conditions, it may also be difficult or impossible to manage the risk from open security futures positions by entering into an equivalent but opposite position in another contract month, on another market, or in the underlying security. This inability to take positions to limit the risk could occur, for example, if trading is halted across markets due to unusual trading activity in the security futures contract or the underlying security or due to recent news events involving the issuer of the underlying security.

 

There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at a time when the Fund seeks to close out a futures contract position. The Fund would continue to be required to meet margin requirements until the position is closed, possibly resulting in a decline in the Fund’s NAV. In addition, many of the contracts discussed above are relatively new instruments without a significant trading history. As a result, there can be no assurance that an active secondary market will develop or continue to exist.

 

Futures positions also may be illiquid because certain commodity exchanges limit fluctuations in certain futures contract prices during a single day by regulations referred to as “daily price fluctuation limits” or “daily limits.” Under such daily limits, during a single trading day no trades may be executed at prices beyond the daily limits. Once the price of a particular futures contract has increased or decreased by an amount equal to the daily limit, positions in that contract can neither be entered into nor liquidated unless traders are willing to effect trades at or within the limit. Futures prices have occasionally moved beyond the daily limits for several consecutive days with little or no trading. Over-the-counter instruments generally are not as liquid as instruments traded on recognized exchanges. These constraints could prevent the Fund from promptly liquidating unfavorable positions and subject the Fund to substantial losses.

 

Security futures contracts that are not liquidated prior to expiration must be settled in accordance with the terms of the contract. Depending on the terms of the contract, some security futures contracts are settled by physical delivery of the underlying security. At the expiration of a security futures contract that is settled through physical delivery, a person who is long the contract must pay the final settlement price set by the regulated exchange or the clearing organization and take delivery of the underlying securities. Conversely, a person who is short the contract must make delivery of the underlying securities in exchange for the final settlement price. Settlement with physical delivery may involve additional costs.

 

B-6

 

 

Depending on the terms of the contract, other security futures contracts are settled through cash settlement. In this case, the underlying security is not delivered. Instead, any positions in such security futures contracts that are open at the end of the last trading day are settled through a final cash payment based on a final settlement price determined by the exchange or clearing organization. Once this payment is made, neither party has any further obligations on the contract.

 

As noted above, margin is the amount of funds that must be deposited by the Fund to initiate futures trading and to maintain the Fund’s open positions in futures contracts. A margin deposit is intended to ensure the Fund’s performance of the futures contract. The margin required for a particular futures contract is set by the exchange on which the futures contract is traded and may be significantly modified from time to time by the exchange during the term of the futures contract.

 

If the price of an open futures contract changes (by increase in the case of a sale or by decrease in the case of a purchase) so that the loss on the futures contract reaches a point at which the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, the broker will require an increase in the margin. However, if the value of a position increases because of favorable price changes in the futures contract so that the margin deposit exceeds the required margin, the broker will pay the excess to the Fund. In computing daily NAV, the Fund marks to market the current value of its open futures contracts. The Fund expects to earn interest income on its margin deposits.

 

Because of the low margin deposits required, futures contracts trading involves an extremely high degree of leverage. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in an immediate and substantial loss or gain to the investor. For example, if at the time of purchase 10% of the value of the futures contract is deposited as margin, a subsequent 10% decrease in the value of the futures contract would result in a total loss of the margin deposit, before any deduction for the transaction costs, if the account were then closed out. A 15% decrease would result in a loss equal to 150% of the original margin deposit, before any deduction for the transaction costs, if the account were then closed out. Thus, a purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses in excess of the amount initially invested in the futures contract. However, the Fund would presumably have sustained comparable losses if, instead of the futures contract, it had invested in the underlying financial instrument and sold it after the decline.

 

In addition to the foregoing, imperfect correlation between futures contracts and the underlying securities may prevent the Fund from achieving the intended hedge or expose the Fund to risk of loss. Under certain market conditions, the prices of security futures contracts may not maintain their customary or anticipated relationships to the prices of the underlying security or index. These pricing disparities could occur, for example, when the market for the security futures contract is illiquid, when the primary market for the underlying security is closed, or when the reporting of transactions in the underlying security has been delayed.

 

In addition, the value of a position in security futures contracts could be affected if trading is halted in either the security futures contract or the underlying security. In certain circumstances, regulated exchanges are required by law to halt trading in security futures contracts. For example, trading on a particular security futures contract must be halted if trading is halted on the listed market for the underlying security as a result of pending news, regulatory concerns or market volatility. Similarly, trading of a security futures contract on a narrow-based security index must be halted under circumstances where trading is halted on securities accounting for at least 50% of the market capitalization of the index. In addition, regulated exchanges are required to halt trading in all security futures contracts for a specified period of time when the Dow Jones Industrial Average experiences one-day declines of 10%, 20% and 30%. The regulated exchanges may also have discretion under their rules to halt trading in other circumstances, such as when the exchange determines that the halt would be advisable in maintaining a fair and orderly market.

 

A trading halt, either by a regulated exchange that trades security futures or an exchange trading the underlying security or instrument, could prevent the Fund from liquidating a position in security futures contracts in a timely manner, which could expose the Fund to a loss.

 

Each regulated exchange trading a security futures contract may also open and close for trading at different times than other regulated exchanges trading security futures contracts or markets trading the underlying security or securities. Trading in security futures contracts prior to the opening or after the close of the primary market for the underlying security may be less liquid than trading during regular market hours.

 

B-7

 

 

Swap Agreements. The Fund may enter into swap agreements. In a standard “swap” transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns, differentials in rates of return or some other amount earned or realized on the “notional amount” of predetermined investments or instruments, which may be adjusted for an interest factor. Some swaps are structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors, such as interest rates, commodity prices, non-U.S. currency rates, mortgage securities, corporate borrowing rates, security prices, indexes or inflation rates. Swap agreements may be negotiated bilaterally and traded OTC between two parties or, in some instances, must be transacted through a futures commission merchant and cleared through a clearinghouse that serves as a central counterparty. Certain risks are reduced (but not eliminated) if a fund invests in cleared swaps. Certain standardized swaps, including certain credit default swaps, are subject to mandatory clearing, and more are expected to be in the future. The counterparty risk for cleared derivatives is generally lower than for uncleared derivatives, but cleared contracts are not risk-free.

 

Swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall volatility of the Fund’s investments and the price of Fund Shares. The performance of swap agreements may be affected by a change in the specific interest rate, currency or other factors that determine the amounts of payments due to and from the Fund. If a swap agreement calls for payments by the Fund, the Fund must be prepared to make such payments when due. In addition, if the counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the value of a swap agreement would likely decline, potentially resulting in losses.

 

Generally, swap agreements have fixed maturity dates that are agreed upon by the parties to the swap. The agreement can be terminated before the maturity date only under limited circumstances, such as default by or insolvency of one of the parties and can be transferred by a party only with the prior written consent of the other party. The Fund may be able to eliminate its exposure under a swap agreement either by assignment or other disposition, or by entering into an offsetting swap agreement with the same party or a similarly creditworthy party. If the counterparty is unable to meet its obligations under the contract, declares bankruptcy, defaults or becomes insolvent, the Fund may not be able to recover the money it expected to receive under the contract.

 

A swap agreement can be a form of leverage, which can magnify the Fund’s gains or losses. To reduce the risk associated with leveraging, the Fund will segregate assets equal to the full notional value of the swap agreements, unless future SEC staff guidance permits asset segregation to a lesser extent.

 

The use of swaps can cause the Fund to be subject to additional regulatory requirements, which may generate additional Fund expenses.

 

The Fund monitors any swaps with a view towards ensuring that the Fund remains in compliance with all applicable regulatory, investment and tax requirements.

 

Equity Swaps. In a typical equity swap, one party agrees to pay another party the return on a security, security index or basket of securities in return for a specified interest rate. By entering into an equity index swap, the index receiver can gain exposure to securities making up the index of securities without actually purchasing those securities. Equity index swaps involve not only the risk associated with investment in the securities represented in the index, but also the risk that the performance of such securities, including dividends, will not exceed the interest that the Fund will be committed to pay under the swap.

 

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

 

The Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements with respect to its portfolio investments subject to the investment restrictions set forth herein. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities held by the Fund with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase the securities at an agreed upon price, date and interest payment. At the time the Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it may designate on its books and records liquid instruments having a value not less than the repurchase price (including accrued interest). If the Fund establishes and maintains such a segregated account, a reverse repurchase agreement will not be considered a borrowing by the Fund; however, under certain circumstances in which the Fund does not establish and maintain such a segregated account, such reverse repurchase agreement will be considered a borrowing for the purpose of the Fund’s limitation on borrowings. The use by the Fund of reverse repurchase agreements involves many of the same risks of leverage since the proceeds derived from such reverse repurchase agreements may be invested in additional securities. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities acquired in connection with the reverse repurchase agreement may decline below the price of the securities the Fund has sold but is obligated to repurchase. Also, reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities retained in lieu of sale by the Fund in connection with the reverse repurchase agreement may decline in price.

 

B-8

 

 

If the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, such buyer or its trustee or receiver may receive an extension of time to determine whether to enforce the Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities, and the Fund’s use of the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement may effectively be restricted pending such decision. Also, the Fund would bear the risk of loss to the extent that the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement are less than the value of the securities subject to such agreement.

 

Securities Lending

 

To the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the Fund may make secured loans of its marginable securities to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions; provided, however, that the value of such loaned securities may not exceed one-third of the Fund’s total asset value, including collateral received in respect of such loans. The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of credit, consist of possible delay in recovery of the securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially. However, such loans will be made only to broker-dealers and other financial institutions that are believed by the Advisors to be of relatively high credit standing. Loans of securities are made to broker-dealers pursuant to agreements requiring that such loans be continuously secured by collateral consisting of U.S. government securities, cash or cash equivalents (negotiable certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances or letters of credit) maintained on a daily mark-to-market basis in an amount at least equal at all times to the market value of the securities lent. The borrower pays to the Fund, as the lender, an amount equal to any dividends or interest received on the securities lent. The collateral must have a market value at least equal to 100% of the market value of the loaned securities at all times during the duration of the loan. The Fund invests the cash collateral received in accordance with its investment objective, subject to the Fund’s agreement with the borrower of the securities. In the case of cash collateral, the Fund typically pays a rebate to the borrower. The reinvestment of cash collateral will result in a form of effective leverage for the Fund. Although voting rights or rights to consent with respect to the loaned securities pass to the borrower, the Fund, as the lender, retains the right to call the loans and obtain the return of the securities loaned at any time on reasonable notice, and it will do so in order that the securities may be voted by the Fund if the holders of such securities are asked to vote upon or consent to matters materially affecting the Fund’s investment. The Fund may also call such loans to sell the securities involved. When engaged in securities lending, the Fund’s performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of the securities loaned and will also reflect the receipt of interest through investment of cash collateral by the Fund in permissible investments.

 

Involuntary Repurchases and Mandatory Redemptions

 

The Fund, consistent with the requirements of the Fund’s Declaration of Trust, the provisions of the 1940 Act and rules thereunder, including Rule 23c-2, has the right to repurchase or redeem Shares of a Shareholder or any person acquiring Shares from or through a Shareholder under certain circumstances, including:

 

ownership of Shares by a Shareholder or other person will cause the Fund to be in violation of, or subject the Fund to additional registration or regulation under, the securities, commodities or other laws of the U.S. or any other relevant jurisdiction;

 

continued ownership of such Shares may be harmful or injurious to the business or reputation of the Fund or the Advisors, or may subject the Fund or any Shareholder to an undue risk of adverse tax or other fiscal consequences;

 

any of the representations and warranties made by a Shareholder in connection with the acquisition of Shares was not true when made or has ceased to be true; or

 

it would be in the best interests of the Fund to repurchase or redeem Shares.

 

B-9

 

 

INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

 

FUNDAMENTAL INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

 

The Fund may not:

 

(1)Make any investment inconsistent with the Fund’s classification as a diversified investment company under the 1940 Act;

 

(2)Purchase or sell real estate, commodities or commodity contracts, except that, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the Fund may (i) invest in securities directly or indirectly secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by entities that invest in real estate or interests therein; (ii) acquire, hold and sell real estate acquired through default, liquidation, or other distributions of an interest in real estate as a result of the Fund’s ownership of other assets; (iii) invest in instruments directly or indirectly secured by commodities or securities issued by entities that invest in or hold such commodities and acquire temporarily commodities as a result thereof; and (iv) purchase and sell forward contracts, financial futures contracts and options thereon;

 

(3)Issue senior securities or borrow money except as permitted by the 1940 Act and the rules and interpretative positions of the SEC thereunder or otherwise as permitted by applicable law;

 

(4)Underwrite securities of other issuers, except insofar as the Fund may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act in selling its own securities or portfolio securities;

 

(5)Make loans to other persons, except that (i) the Fund will not be deemed to be making a loan to the extent that the Fund makes debt investments in accordance with its stated investment strategies; (ii) the Fund may take short positions in any security or financial instrument; and (iii) the Fund may lend its portfolio securities in an amount not in excess of 331/3% of its total assets, taken at market value, provided that such loans shall be made in accordance with applicable law; and

 

(6)Invest more than 25% of its total assets (taken at market value at the time of each investment) in the securities of issuers in any one industry or group of industries; provided that securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities and tax-exempt securities of governments or their political subdivisions will not be considered to represent an industry (other than those securities backed only by the assets and revenues of non-governmental users with respect to which the Fund will not invest 25% or more of the value of its total assets (taken at market value at the time of each investment) in securities backed by the same source of revenue. The Fund determines industries by reference to the Global Industry Classification Standard as it may be amended from time to time.

 

The Fund will treat with respect to participation interests both the financial intermediary and the borrower as “issuers” for purposes of fundamental investment restriction (6).

 

Currently, under the 1940 Act, for the Fund to be classified as a diversified investment company, at least 75% of the value of the Fund’s total assets must be represented by cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. Government securities, securities of other investment companies, and other securities for the purposes of this calculation limited in respect of any one issuer (i) to an amount not greater in value than 5% of the value of the total assets of the Fund and (ii) to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer.

 

In addition, the Fund has adopted a fundamental policy that it will make semi-annual repurchase offers pursuant to Rule 23c-3 of the 1940 Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, for between 5% and 25% of the Shares outstanding at NAV, unless suspended or postponed in accordance with regulatory requirements, and each repurchase pricing shall occur no later than the 14th day after the Repurchase Request Deadline (as defined in the applicable Prospectus), or the next business day if the 14th day is not a business day. The Fund will repurchase Shares that are tendered by a specific date (the “Repurchase Request Deadline”). The Fund’s Board will establish the Repurchase Request Deadline for each Repurchase Offer, but such date may be revised by the Fund’s officers, in their sole discretion, based on factors such as market conditions, the level of the Fund’s assets and shareholder servicing considerations provided that the Board is notified of this change and the reasons for it.

 

B-10

 

 

The fundamental investment limitations set forth above restrict the ability of the Fund to engage in certain practices and purchase securities and other instruments other than as permitted by, or consistent with, applicable law, including the 1940 Act. Relevant limitations of the 1940 Act as they presently exist are described below. These limitations are based either on the 1940 Act itself, the rules or regulations thereunder or applicable orders of the SEC. In addition, interpretations and guidance provided by the SEC staff may be taken into account to determine if a certain practice or the purchase of securities or other instruments is permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or applicable orders of the SEC. As a result, the foregoing fundamental investment policies may be interpreted differently over time as the statute, rules, regulations or orders (or, if applicable, interpretations) that relate to the meaning and effect of these policies change, and no vote of Shareholders, as applicable, will be required or sought.

 

NON-FUNDAMENTAL INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

 

The Fund is also subject to the following non-fundamental restrictions and policies, which may be changed by the Board of Trustees without the approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. The Fund may not:

 

 (1) Change or alter the Fund’s investment objective;

 

(2) Purchase securities of other investment companies, except to the extent that such purchases are permitted      by applicable law, including any exemptive orders issued by the SEC; and

 

(3)Purchase any securities on margin except as may be necessary in connection with transactions described under “Investment Objective, Policies and Risks” above and except that the Fund may obtain such short-term credit as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio investments (the deposit or payment by the Fund of initial or variation margin in connection with swaps, forward contracts and financial futures contracts and options thereon is not considered the purchase of a security on margin).

 

Compliance with any policy or limitation of the Fund that is expressed as a percentage of assets is determined at the time of purchase of portfolio securities. The policy will not be violated if these limitations are exceeded because of changes in the market value or investment rating of the Fund’s assets or if a borrower distributes equity securities incident to the purchase or ownership of a portfolio investment or in connection with a reorganization of a borrower. The Fund interprets its policies with respect to borrowing and lending to permit such activities as may be lawful for the Fund, to the full extent permitted by the 1940 Act or by exemption from the provisions therefrom pursuant to an exemptive order of the SEC.

 

B-11

 

 

 

MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND

 

The Fund’s business and affairs are managed under the direction of the Board. The Board currently consists of five members, three of whom are not “interested persons” of the Fund as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act. The Fund refers to these individuals as its independent trustees. The Board annually elects the Fund’s officers, who serve at the discretion of the Board. The Board maintains an audit committee, a nominating and governance committee and an independent trustees committee and may establish additional committees from time to time as necessary.

 

Board of Trustees and Officers

 

Trustees

 

Information regarding the members of the Board is set forth below. The Trustees have been divided into two groups—Interested Trustees and Independent Trustees. As set forth in the Fund’s Declaration of Trust, each Trustee’s term of office shall continue until his or her death, resignation or removal.

 

Name, address(1) and age Position(s)
Held with
the Fund
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time
Served(
2)
Principal
Occupation(s)
During Past 5
Years
Number of
Portfolios
in Fund
Complex
Overseen
by
Trustee(3)
Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
           
Interested Trustees(2)
John S. Koudounis (1966) Chairman, Trustee and President Indefinite Length – Since Inception President (since February 2021) and Chief Executive Officer, Calamos Asset Management, Inc. (“Calamos Asset Management”), Calamos Investments LLC (“CILLC”), Calamos, Calamos Wealth Management LLC (“CWM”), and Calamos Financial Services LLC (“CFS”) (since 2016); prior thereto President and Chief Executive Officer (2010-2016), Mizuho Securities USA Inc. 1 Director, Calamos Asset Management (since 2016).
           
Marc Lasry (1959) Trustee and Vice President Indefinite Length – Since Inception CEO, Avenue Capital Group 1 Chairman, Avenue Capital Group; Board Member, Council on Foreign Relations; Board Member, Lucra Sports; Board Member, Sponsor United; Advisory Board Member, Tennor Holding.

 

B-12

 

 

Name, address(1) and age Position(s)
Held with
the Fund
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time
Served(
2)
Principal
Occupation(s)
During Past 5
Years
Number of
Portfolios
in Fund
Complex
Overseen
by
Trustee(3)
Other Directorships
Held by Trustee
Independent Trustees  
John E. Neal (1950) Trustee Indefinite Length – Since Inception Retired; private investor; formerly, Partner, Linden LLC (health care private equity) (until 2018) 27 Director, Equity Residential Trust (publicly owned REIT); Director, Creation Investments (private international microfinance company); Director, Centrust Bank (Northbrook, Illinois community bank); formerly, Director, Neuro-ID (private company providing prescriptive analytics for the risk industry) (until 2021).
           

Joel T. Citron (1962)

 

Trustee Indefinite Length – Since Inception Co-CEO, Tenth Avenue Holdings. 1 Chairman, Bambuser AB; Vice Chairman and Board Member, Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial Foundation; Board Member, Starfall Education Foundation; Board Member, Evolution AB; Chairman, Tenth Avenue Commerce, LLC; Vice Chairman and Board Member, University of Southern California Shoah Foundation; Board Member, Bronx Brewery LLC; and Board Member and Executive Committee, UJA.
           

Daniel Rappaport (1954)

 

Trustee Indefinite Length – Since Inception Managing Member, Solport Capital Management LLC; Managing Member, Brighton Capital Management LLC; Managing Member, Compo Associates LLC; Managing Member, Technical Capital Management LLC; Managing Member, Pacific Walk Capital Management LLC; Managing Member, Brighton Asset Management LLC; and Member, 1143 Sasco Hill Road LLC. 1 Director and Vice Chair, Intralot Inc.

 

(1) The address of each Trustee is care of the Secretary of the Fund at 2020 Calamos Court, Naperville, IL 60563
   
(2) “Interested person,” as defined in the 1940 Act, of the Fund. John S. Koudounis and Marc Lasry are each an interested person of the Fund due to their affiliation with the Advisor and/or CFS.
   
(3) The term “Fund Complex” means two or more registered investment companies that share the same investment adviser or have an investment adviser that is an affiliated person of the investment adviser of any of the other registered investment companies or hold themselves out to investors as related companies for the purpose of investment and investor services. Accordingly, the Fund Complex consists of Calamos-Avenue Opportunities Fund, Calamos Investment Trust, Calamos Advisors Trust, Calamos Convertible Opportunities and Income Fund, Calamos Convertible and High Income Fund, Calamos Strategic Total Return Fund, Calamos Global Total Return Fund, Calamos Global Dynamic Income Fund, Calamos Dynamic Convertible and Income Fund, and Calamos Long/Short Equity & Dynamic Income Trust.

 

B-13

 

 

Officers

 

The preceding table gives information about John S. Koudounis, who is Chairman, Trustee, and President of the Fund, and Marc Lasry, who is Trustee and Vice President of the Fund. The following table sets forth each other officer's name, year of birth, position with the Fund and date first appointed to that position, and principal occupation(s) during the past five years. Each officer serves until his or her successor is chosen and qualified or until his or her resignation or removal by the board of trustees.

 

Name, address(1) and age Position(s) Held with
the Fund
Term of Office and Length of Time Served Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years
       
John P. Calamos, Sr. (1940) Vice President Indefinite Length – Since Inception Founder, Chairman and Global Chief Investment Officer, Calamos Asset Management, CILLC, Calamos and CWM; Director, Calamos Asset Management; and previously Chief Executive Officer, CFS and its predecessor, Calamos Asset Management, CILLC, Calamos, and CWM.
Sonia Gardner (1962) Vice President Indefinite Length – Since Inception President, Managing Partner and Co-Founder, Avenue Capital Group.
Robert Behan (1964) Vice President Indefinite Length – Since Inception

Executive Vice President, Chief Distribution Officer (since February 2021), Calamos Asset Management, CILLC, Calamos, and CFS; prior thereto President (2015-February 2021), Head of Global Distribution (2013-February 2021); Executive Vice President (2013-2015); Senior Vice President (2009-2013), Head of US Intermediary Distribution (2010-2013).

 

Dan Dufresne (1974) Vice President Indefinite Length – Since Inception

Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer (since April 2021), Calamos; prior thereto Global Treasurer, Global Head of Operations, and Global Head of Counterparty Strategy at Citadel (2000-2021).

 

Randal Klein (1965) Vice President Indefinite Length – Since Inception Senior Portfolio Management – Global Funds, Avenue.
Tom Larkin (1964) Vice President Indefinite Length – Since Inception Chief Financial Officer, Avenue.
Jacqueline Sinker (1961) Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer Indefinite Length – Since Inception Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer (since 2015), Calamos.
Thomas E. Herman (1961) Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Indefinite Length – Since Inception Executive Vice President (since February 2021) and Chief Financial Officer, CAM, CILLC, Calamos Advisors, and CWM (since 2016); prior thereto Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, Harris Associates (2010-2016).
J. Christopher Jackson (1951) Secretary and Chief Legal Officer Indefinite Length – Since Inception Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, Calamos Asset Management, CILLC, Calamos, CWM, and CFS (since 2010); Director, Calamos Global Funds plc (since 2011).
Stephen Atkins (1965)

Treasurer

 

Indefinite Length – Since Inception

 

Senior Vice President, Head of Fund Administration (since February 2020), Calamos Advisors; prior thereto Consultant, Fund Accounting and Administration, Vx Capital Partners (March 2019-February 2020); Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of SEC Registered Funds, and Senior Vice President, Head of European Special Purpose Vehicles Accounting and Administration, Avenue Capital Group (2010-2018).

 

 

(1) The address of each officer is care of the Secretary of the Fund at 2020 Calamos Court, Naperville, IL 60563.

 

B-14

 

 

Biographical Information and Discussion of Experience and Qualifications, etc.

 

Trustees

 

The following is a summary of the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills of each Trustee that support the conclusion, as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, that each Trustee should serve as a Trustee of the Fund.

 

Interested Trustees

 

John S. Koudounis

 

John Koudounis joined Calamos Investments as Chief Executive Officer in 2016 and is the firm’s first designated CEO hired by Founder John Calamos, Sr., as part of Calamos’ succession plan. Serving as a driving force behind improving strategic initiatives, Mr. Koudounis plays a critical role in delivering innovative solutions to business development and expanding product breadth for the firm’s global base of clients. Under his leadership, firm profitability and AUM growth have increased substantially. Mr. Koudounis has 33 years of financial services experience including executive leadership in the global securities business and a deep background in global capital markets. Most recently, he served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Mizuho Securities USA, Inc. (MSUSA), a subsidiary of Mizuho Financial Group, one of the world’s largest full-service financial institutions. During his tenure at Mizuho Securities, he built the firm into a full-service investment bank, expanding its debt and equity capital markets teams. Because of his leadership, the firm also grew in profitability, number of clients, and product diversification, allowing Mizuho to be considered globally as a top tier investment bank. Prior to joining MSUSA in 2008, he was Managing Director and Head of Fixed Income for ABN AMRO Americas where he played a critical role in that firm’s successful growth. He graduated from Brown University with a degree in International Diplomacy & Foreign Affairs and Economics.

 

B-15

 

 

Marc Lasry

 

Marc Lasry co-founded Avenue Capital Group in 1995 and serves as its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Distressed investing has been the focus of his professional career for over 37 years. Prior to forming Amroc Investments, LLC (“Amroc”) as an independent entity, Mr. Lasry managed capital for Amroc Investments, L.P., an investment fund affiliated with the Robert M. Bass Group. Prior to that, Mr. Lasry was Co–Director of the Bankruptcy and Corporate Reorganization Department at Cowen & Company. Prior to Cowen, he was the Director of the Private Debt Department at Smith Vasiliou Management Company, the firm where he first became involved in the distressed debt markets. He spent the prior year practicing law at Angel & Frankel where he focused on bankruptcies. Mr. Lasry also clerked for the Honorable Edward Ryan, former Chief Bankruptcy Judge for the Southern District of New York. Mr. Lasry is currently a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and he has served and will continue to serve on various other boards of advisors/directors of both for-profit and not-for-profit private and public companies. Mr. Lasry graduated with a B.A. in History from Clark University (1981) and a J.D. from New York Law School (1984).

 

Independent Trustees

 

John E. Neal

 

Jack Neal served as the President of Kemper Funds from 1995-1998, where he oversaw its retail activities. He subsequently joined Bank One as Head of Commercial Real Estate Lending and then as Managing Director and Head of Corporate Banking. Most recently, he served as a partner at Linden LLC, a middle market private equity firm specializing in healthcare. He also serves on boards of other entities and investment companies, including the Mutual Fund Board of Calamos Advisors LLC and as Director of the Equity Residential REIT since 2006. He holds an MBA from Harvard Business School and a Bachelor’s degree from Harvard.

 

Joel T. Citron

 

Joel Citron is a Co-Founder and Co-Chief Executive Officer of Tenth Avenue Holdings (TAH) and has served in that capacity since 2008. Prior to TAH, Mr. Citron held several executive positions with operating companies as well as investment firms for 25 years. He has served on several public and private boards in Europe and the United States. Mr. Citron currently serves as Chair of Tenth Avenue Commerce LLC and Bambuser AB (BUSER: OMX) and as director of Evolution AB (EVO: OMX) and Bronx Brewery LLC. He is actively involved in philanthropy and currently serves as Vice Chair of the USC Shoah Foundation, Vice Chair of the Auschwitz Birkenau Memorial Foundation, the Executive Committee of the UJA of New York, The Leadership Council of the President of the University of Southern California among others. Mr. Citron holds an M.A in Economics and a B.SC. in Business Administration for the University from Southern California.

 

Daniel Rappaport

 

Daniel Rappaport served as Chairman of the Board/CEO of the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) from 1993 through March 2001. Mr. Rappaport also served as a member of the Board of NYMEX from May 2006 through August 2008 where he participated in the process that led to an IPO that valued NYMEX at approximately twelve billion dollars. As a NYMEX board member, Mr. Rappaport was actively involved in the negotiations that resulted in the acquisition of NYMEX by the CME Group. Mr. Rappaport served as an independent director on the board of GreenX and was Chairman of the Regulatory Oversight Committee, Mr. Rappaport was appointed by the U.S. Secretary of Energy to serve as a member of the National Petroleum Council (NPC), he was also appointed to serve as a member of the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) Global Markets Advisory Committee, he served as a board member of the Futures Industry Institute, a trustee on the Board of Trustees of New York Law School and as an appointment of the Governor of the State of Connecticut on the board of directors of Connecticut Innovations. Mr. Rappaport is a minority owner of the NBA Milwaukee Bucks and serves as Vice Chairman of Intralot Inc where he serves as Chairman of the Audit Committee. Mr. Rappaport is a graduate of New York Law School. He holds an MBA from Baruch College and is a graduate of Syracuse University.

 

B-16

 

 

Board Structure and Role of the Board in Risk Oversight

 

The 1940 Act requires that at least 40% of the trustees be independent trustees. Certain exemptive rules promulgated under the 1940 Act require that at least 50% of the trustees be independent trustees. Currently, three of the five Trustees (60%) are Independent Trustees. The independent trustees exercise their informed business judgment to appoint an individual of their choosing to serve as Chairman of the Board of Trustees, regardless of whether the trustee happens to be independent or a member of management. The Board of Trustees has determined that its leadership structure, in which the Chairman of the Board of Trustees is an interested person of the Fund, is appropriate because the Independent Trustees believe that an interested Chairman has a personal and professional stake in the quality and continuity of services provided by management to the Fund. The independent trustees have determined that they can act independently and effectively without having an independent trustee serve as Chairman and that a key factor for assuring that they are in a position to do so is for the trustees who are independent of management to constitute a majority of the Board.

 

The Board expects to perform its risk oversight function primarily through (a) its three standing committees, which report to the entire Board and are comprised solely of independent trustees and (b) monitoring by the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer in accordance with the Fund’s compliance policies and procedures.

 

Committees of the Board

 

The Board has established an audit committee, a nominating and governance committee and an independent trustees committee. The Fund does not have a compensation committee because its officers do not receive any direct compensation from the Fund.

 

Audit Committee. The members of the audit committee are John E. Neal, Joel T. Citron and Daniel Rappaport, each of whom is independent for purposes of the 1940 Act. John E. Neal serves as chairman of the audit committee. The audit committee is responsible for approving the Fund’s independent accountants, reviewing with the Fund’s independent accountants the plans and results of the audit engagement, approving professional services provided by the Fund’s independent accountants, reviewing the independence of the Fund’s independent accountants and reviewing the adequacy of the Fund’s internal accounting controls.

 

Nominating and Governance Committee. The members of the nominating and governance committee are John E. Neal, Joel T. Citron and Daniel Rappaport, each of whom is independent for purposes of the 1940 Act. Daniel Rappaport serves as chairman of the nominating and governance committee. The nominating and governance committee is responsible for selecting, researching and nominating trustees for election by the Fund’s Shareholders, selecting nominees to fill vacancies on the Board or a committee of the Board Trustees, developing and recommending to the Board a set of corporate governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of the Board and its committees.

 

The nominating and governance committee may consider recommendations for nomination of individuals for election as trustees from Shareholders.

 

Independent Trustees Committee. The members of the independent trustees committee are John E. Neal, Joel T. Citron and Daniel Rappaport, each of whom is independent for purposes of the 1940 Act. Joel T. Citron serves as chairman of the independent trustees committee. The independent trustees committee is responsible for reviewing and making certain findings in respect of co-investment transactions pursuant to exemptive relief received from the SEC.

 

B-17

 

 

Trustee Beneficial Ownership of Shares

 

The following table sets forth the dollar range of Shares beneficially owned by each Trustee as of September 30, 2021.

 

Name of Trustee   Dollar Range of Equity Securities
in the Fund(1), (2), (3)
  Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in All Registered
Investment Companies Overseen by
Director in Family of Investment
Companies (4)
Interested Trustees        
John S. Koudounis   None   Over $100,000
Marc Lasry   None   None
Independent Trustees        
John E. Neal   None   Over $100,000
Joel T. Citron   None   None
Daniel Rappaport   None   None

 

(1) Dollar ranges are as follows: None, $1–$10,000, $10,001–$50,000, $50,001–$100,000, or Over $100,000.

 

(2) Beneficial ownership determined in accordance with Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Exchange Act.

 

(3) As of September 30, 2021, the Fund had not commenced operations, and therefore the Trustees and Officers of the Fund did not own any shares of the Fund.

 

(4) The Family of Investment Companies is defined as any two or more registered investment companies that (a) share the same investment adviser or principal underwriter; and (b) hold themselves out to investors as related companies for purposes of investment and investor services.

 

Compensation of Trustees

 

The Independent Trustees are paid an annual retainer of $50,000. The chairman of the Audit Committee is paid an additional annual fee of $10,000 and the chairman of each of the Nominating and Governance and Independent Trustees Committees is also paid an additional annual fee of $5,000. All Trustees are reimbursed for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses. The Trustees do not receive any pension or retirement benefits from the Fund.

 

The following table shows information regarding the estimated compensation to be earned by the Trustees, none of whom is an employee of the Fund, for services as a Trustee for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022. The Trustees who are not “interested persons,” as defined in the 1940 Act, of the Fund and the Fund’s officers do not receive compensation from the Fund.

 

Name of Trustee   Aggregate Compensation
from the Fund
  Aggregate Compensation from the Fund
Complex (1)
Interested Trustees        
John S. Koudounis   None   None
Marc Lasry   None   None
Independent Trustees        
John E. Neal   $60,000   $273,000
Joel T. Citron   $55,000   $55,000
Daniel Rappaport   $55,000   $55,000

 

(1) The Fund Complex consists of Calamos-Avenue Opportunities Fund, Calamos Investment Trust, Calamos Advisors Trust, Calamos Convertible Opportunities and Income Fund, Calamos Convertible and High Income Fund, Calamos Strategic Total Return Fund, Calamos Global Total Return Fund, Calamos Global Dynamic Income Fund, Calamos Dynamic Convertible and Income Fund, and Calamos Long/Short Equity & Dynamic Income Trust.

 

B-18

 

 

Shareholder Communications

 

Shareholders may send communications to the Board. Shareholders should send communications intended for the Board by addressing the communication directly to the Board (or individual Trustees) and/or otherwise clearly indicating in the salutation that the communication is for the Board (or individual Trustees) and by sending the communication to the Fund’s office at 2020 Calamos Court, Naperville, IL 60563. Other Shareholder communications received by the Fund not directly addressed and sent to the Board will be reviewed and generally responded to by management, and will be forwarded to the Board only at management’s discretion based upon the matters contained therein.

 

Codes of Ethics

 

The Fund, the Advisors and CFS, the Fund’s principal underwriter and distributor of the Fund’s Shares, have each adopted a code of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act that establishes procedures for personal investments and restricts certain personal securities transactions. Personnel subject to these codes may invest in securities for their personal investment accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund, so long as such investments are made in accordance with the applicable code’s requirements. The codes of ethics are included as exhibits to the registration statement of which this Statement of Additional Information forms a part. The codes of ethics are available on the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. Shareholders may also obtain copies of each code of ethics, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

 

The Advisor and Sub-Advisors

 

CAM, an investment advisor registered with the SEC under the Advisers Act, serves as the Advisor. CAM is a joint venture between Calamos and Avenue. Calamos and Avenue each serves as a Sub-Advisor of the Fund. Calamos and Avenue are each registered investment advisors with the SEC under the Advisers Act. For more information regarding CAM, Calamos and Avenue, see “The Advisor and Sub-Advisors” in the applicable Prospectus. For more information on the services provided by the Advisors to the Fund, see “Management of the Fund” in the applicable Prospectus.

 

The Investment Advisory Agreement was approved by the Board and became effective on July 27, 2021. The Board approved an amended and restated Investment Advisory Agreement, which became effective on January 11, 2022. The Sub-Advisory Agreements were approved by the Board and became effective on July 27, 2021. The Board approved amended and restated Sub-Advisory Agreements, which became effective on January 11, 2022. Following an initial two-year term, the Investment Advisory Agreement and the Sub-Advisory Agreements will each continue in effect for successive periods of twelve months, provided that each continuance is specifically approved at least annually by both (1) the vote of a majority of the Board or the vote of a majority of the outstanding securities of the Fund entitled to vote and (2) by the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. In addition, the Investment Advisory Agreement and the Sub-Advisory Agreements have termination provisions that allow the parties to terminate the agreement without penalty. The Investment Advisory Agreement and the Sub-Advisory Agreements may be terminated at any time, without penalty, by the applicable Advisor upon 60 days’ notice to the Fund, as applicable.

 

B-19

 

 

Portfolio Management

 

Other Accounts Managed by Portfolio Manager

 

The portfolio manager primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund also manages other registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles and other accounts, as indicated below. The following table identifies, as of November 30, 2021: (i) the number of other registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles and other accounts managed by the portfolio manager; (ii) the total assets of such companies, vehicles and accounts; and (iii) the number and total assets of such companies, vehicles and accounts that are subject to an advisory fee based on performance.

 

    Number of
Accounts
    Assets of
Accounts
(in billions)
    Number of
Accounts Subject to
a Performance Fee
    Assets Subject to
a Performance Fee
(in billions)
 
R. Matthew Freund                                             
Registered Investment Companies     16     $ 17.468       0     $ 0  
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles     1     $ 0.734       0     $ 0  
Other Accounts     4,413     $ 4.103       0     $ 0  
Randal Klein                                
Registered Investment Companies     0     $ 0       0     $ 0  
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles     3     $ 1.271       3     $ 1.271  
Other Accounts     0     $ 0       0     $ 0  
Eli Pars                                
Registered Investment Companies     18     $ 33.385       2     $ 0.413  
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles     5     $ 1.386       0     $ 0  
Other Accounts     3,659     $ 3.333       0     $ 0  

 

Compensation of Portfolio Managers

 

Portfolio managers are compensated with an annual salary and a discretionary year-end annual bonus, the amount of which is based on a multitude of quantitative and qualitative factors and are benchmarked against peers and local markets. Depending on seniority within the firm, portfolio managers also may be eligible to receive performance fees from private funds that they manage that vest over time. Performance fees can make up a significant portion of a portfolio manager’s overall compensation, and primarily are based on the investment performance of the private funds managed by the portfolio manager. This compensation structure aligns a portfolio manager’s and investors’ long-term interests and helps the Sub-Advisors retain talented investment personnel. Portfolio managers also may receive discretionary compensation through awards under the Sub-Advisors’ equity incentive plan.

 

Securities Ownership of Portfolio Manager

 

The following table shows the dollar range of equity securities in the Fund beneficially owned by the Fund’s portfolio manager as of November 30, 2021.

 

Name   Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund(1)
R. Matthew Freund   None
Randal Klein   None
Eli Pars   None

 

(1)Dollar ranges are as follows: None, $1–$10,000, $10,001–$50,000, $50,001–$100,000, $100,001–$500,000, $500,001–$1,000,000 or Over $1,000,000.

 

B-20

 

 

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS

 

Since the Fund generally acquires and disposes of its investments in privately negotiated transactions, it infrequently uses brokers in the normal course of business.

 

Subject to policies established by the Fund’s Board, the Sub-Advisors are primarily responsible for the execution of any traded securities in the Fund’s portfolio and the Fund’s allocation of brokerage commissions. The Sub-Advisors do not expect to execute transactions through any particular broker or dealer but seek to obtain the best net results for the Fund, taking into account such factors as price (including the applicable brokerage commission or dealer spread), size of order, difficulty of execution, operations facilities of the firm, and the firm’s risk and skill in positioning blocks of securities.

 

While the Sub-Advisors generally seek reasonably competitive trade execution costs, the Fund will not necessarily pay the lowest spread or commission available. Subject to applicable legal requirements, the Sub-Advisors may select a broker based partly upon brokerage or research services provided to the Sub-Advisors and the Fund and any other clients. In return for such services, the Fund may pay a higher commission than other brokers would charge if the Sub-Advisors determine in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the services provided.

 

B-21

 

 

PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROXY VOTING RECORD

 

The Fund has delegated its proxy voting responsibility to the Sub-Advisors. The proxy voting policies and procedures of the Sub-Advisors are set forth below. The guidelines are reviewed periodically by the Sub-Advisors and the Independent Trustees and, accordingly, are subject to change.

 

It is the policy of the Fund to delegate the responsibility for voting proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Fund to the Fund’s Sub-Advisors as a part of the Sub-Advisors’ general management of the Fund’s portfolio, subject to the continuing oversight of the Board. The Board has delegated such responsibility to the Sub-Advisors, and directs the Sub-Advisors to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Fund consistent with the proxy voting policies and procedures. The Sub-Advisors may retain one or more vendors to review, monitor and recommend how to vote proxies in a manner consistent with the proxy voting policies and procedures, to ensure that such proxies are voted on a timely basis and to provide reporting and/or record retention services in connection with proxy voting for the Fund.

 

The right to vote a proxy with respect to portfolio securities held by the Fund is an asset of the Fund. The Sub-Advisors, to which authority to vote on behalf of the Fund is delegated, acts as a fiduciary of the Fund and must vote proxies in a manner consistent with the best interest of the Fund and its Shareholders. In discharging this fiduciary duty, the Sub-Advisors must maintain and adhere to its policies and procedures for addressing conflicts of interest and must vote proxies in a manner substantially consistent with its policies, procedures and guidelines, as presented to the Board.

 

The Fund shall file an annual report of each proxy voted with respect to portfolio securities of the Fund during the twelve-month period ended June 30 on Form N-PX not later than August 31 of each year.

 

B-22

 

 

CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

 

As the Fund had not commenced operations as of December 31, 2021, and except as noted below, no persons owned of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding Shares of the Fund as of that date.

 

CAM has provided the initial investment in the Fund. For so long as CAM has a greater than 25% interest in the Fund, it may be deemed to be a “control person” of the Fund for purposes of the 1940 Act.

 

B-23

 

 

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

An independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund performs an annual audit of the Fund’s financial statements. The Board has engaged PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, located at 300 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10017, to serve as the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm.

 

LEGAL COUNSEL

 

The Board has engaged Dechert LLP, located at 1095 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10036 to serve as the Fund’s legal counsel.

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

A registration statement on Form N-2, including amendments thereto, relating to the Shares offered hereby, has been filed by the Fund with the SEC. The Prospectuses and this Statement of Additional Information do not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement, including any exhibits and schedules thereto. For further information with respect to the Fund and the Shares offered hereby, reference is made to the registration statement. A copy of the registration statement may be reviewed on the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. Prospective investors can also request copies of these materials, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the SEC’s e-mail address (publicinfo@sec.gov).

 

B-24

 

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

To the Board of Trustees and Shareholders of Calamos-Avenue Opportunities Fund

 

Opinion on the Financial Statements

 

We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities of Calamos-Avenue Opportunities Fund (the “Fund”) as of October 25, 2021 and the related statement of operations for the period from July 27, 2021 (organization date) through October 25, 2021, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Fund as of October 25, 2021 and the results of its operations for the period from July 27, 2021 (organization date) through October 25, 2021 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

Basis for Opinion

 

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Fund’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Fund in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

We conducted our audit of these financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.

 

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

 

New York, New York

January 12, 2022

 

We have served as the Fund’s auditor since 2021.

 

 F-1 

 

 

STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

 

October 25, 2021      
ASSETS        
Cash   $ 100,000  
Due from Advisor     327,864  
Deferred Offering Costs     516,928  
Total Assets     944,792  
LIABILITIES        
Payables:        
Organizational Costs     327,864  
Offering Costs     516,928  
Total Liabilities     844,792  
NET ASSETS   $ 100,000  
         
Shares of Beneficial Interest Outstanding, $0.001 par value, unlimited shares authorized     10,000  
NET ASSET VALUE PER SHARE (net assets divided by Shares) - Class I Shares   $ 10.00  

 

See accompanying Notes to Financial Statements

 

 F-2 

 

 

STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

 

For the Period From July 27, 2021 (organization date) Through October 25, 2021      
INVESTMENT INCOME   $ -  
         
EXPENSES        
Organizational Costs     327,864  
Less: Reimbursement from Advisor     (327,864 )
NET INVESTMENT INCOME   $ -  

 

See accompanying Notes to Financial Statements

 

 F-3 

 

 

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

1. Organization

 

Calamos-Avenue Opportunities Fund (the “Fund”) was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on July 27, 2021 and is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), as a diversified, closed-end management investment company that is operated as an interval fund. The Fund is an “interval fund,” a type of fund which, to provide some liquidity to shareholders, makes semi-annual repurchase offers for between 5% and 25% of the Fund’s outstanding shares at net asset value (“NAV”). Under normal market conditions, the Fund currently intends to repurchase 5% of its outstanding shares at NAV on a semi-annual basis. Semi-annual repurchases will occur in the months of March and September. In connection with any given repurchase offer, it is possible that a repurchase offer may be oversubscribed, with the result that Fund shareholders may only be able to have a portion of their shares repurchased.

 

The Fund intends to offer four separate classes of shares of beneficial interest (“Shares”) designated as Class A (“Class A Shares”), Class C (“Class C Shares”), Class I (“Class I Shares”) and Class M (“Class M Shares”). The Fund has had no operations other than the sale and issuance of 10,000 Class I shares of beneficial interest at an aggregate purchase price of $100,000 to Calamos Avenue Management, LLC. Calamos Avenue Management, LLC, (“CAM” or the “Investment Advisor”) which was formed by a 50/50 joint venture between Calamos Advisors LLC (“Calamos”) and Avenue Capital Management II, L.P. (“Avenue”), has entered into an investment advisory agreement (the “Investment Advisory Agreement”) with the Fund. The Investment Advisor has, in turn, entered into sub-advisory agreements with both Calamos and Avenue.

 

2. Accounting Policies

 

The Fund is treated as an investment company and applies the specialized accounting and reporting guidance in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of the financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of increases or decreases in net assets from operations during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates and those differences could be material. The functional and reporting currency for the Fund is the U.S. dollar.

 

In the normal course of business, the Fund enters into contracts that contain a variety of representations and warranties, which provide general indemnifications. The Fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Fund that have not yet occurred. The risk of material loss as a result of such indemnification claims is considered remote.

 

3. Fees and Expenses

 

Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, dated as of July 27, 2021, and amended and restated as of January 11, 2022, by and between the Fund and the Advisor, and in consideration of the advisory services provided by the Advisor to the Fund, the Advisor is entitled to a management fee (the “Management Fee”) calculated and payable monthly in arrears based on the month-end value of the Fund’s Managed Assets (as defined below) at an annual rate of 1.85% commencing on the date of operations. The fee will be computed using the Fund’s “Managed Assets,” which are the total assets of the Fund (including any assets attributable to any leverage that may be outstanding) minus the sum of liabilities (other than debt representing financial leverage). Pursuant to the sub-advisory agreement among CAM, Calamos and the Fund (the “Calamos Sub-Advisory Agreement”), dated as of July 27, 2021, and amended and restated as of January 11, 2022, and the sub-advisory agreement among CAM, Avenue, and the Fund (the “Avenue Sub-Advisory Agreement” and together with the Calamos Sub-Advisory Agreement, the “Sub-Advisory Agreements”), dated as of July 27, 2021, and amended and restated as of January 11, 2022, the Advisor pays each Sub-Advisor 0.725% of the month-end value of the Fund’s Managed Assets.

 

 F-4 

 

 

The Advisor and the Fund have entered into the Expense Limitation Agreement (“Agreement”) under which the Advisor has agreed on a monthly basis to reimburse the Fund’s initial organizational and offering costs as well as its operating expenses to the extent that the Fund’s monthly “Specified Expenses” (as defined below) in respect of each class of the Fund (each, a “Class”) exceed 0.35% of the month-end net asset value of such Class (the “Expense Limitation”). This Agreement shall commence on the date of operations and shall include all organization and offering expenses prior to the date of operations. This Agreement shall continue in effect for a period of one year. Thereafter, this Agreement may be annually renewed with the written agreement of the Advisor and the Fund. The Board of the Trustees of the Fund may terminate this Agreement at any time upon notice to the Advisor, and this Agreement shall automatically terminate upon the termination of the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Advisor and the Fund.

 

For purposes of this Agreement, the Fund’s “Specified Expenses” in respect of a Class mean all other expenses incurred in the business of the Fund and allocated to the Class, including the Fund’s annual operating expenses, organizational expenses and certain offering expenses and any organizational and offering expenses incurred prior to the effective date of the Fund’s registration statement, with the exception of: (i) the Management Fee (as defined in the Fund’s prospectus), (ii) the Shareholder Servicing Fee (as defined in the Fund’s prospectus), (iii) the Distribution Fee (as defined in the Fund’s prospectus), (iv) certain costs associated with the acquisition, ongoing investment and disposition of the Fund’s investments and unconsummated investments, including legal costs, professional fees, travel costs and brokerage costs, (v) acquired fund fees and expenses; (vi) dividend and interest payments (including any dividend payments, interest expenses, commitment fees, or other expenses related to any leverage incurred by the Fund), (vii) taxes and costs to reclaim foreign taxes, and (viii) extraordinary expenses (as determined in the sole discretion of the Advisor). Pursuant to a management fee waiver agreement dated as of the date of the prospectus between the Fund and the Advisor, the Advisor has contractually agreed, for one year from the initial effective date of the Fund’s registration statement, to waive the Management Fee it is entitled to receive from the Fund pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement to the extent necessary to limit its Management Fee to 0.40% of the month-end value of the Fund’s Managed Assets (as defined under the Investment Advisory Agreement).

 

If, while the Advisor is the investment advisor to the Fund, the Fund’s estimated annualized Specified Expenses in respect of a Class for a given month are less than the Expense Limitation, the Advisor shall be entitled to reimbursement by the Fund of the other expenses borne by the Advisor on behalf of the Fund pursuant to this Agreement (the “Reimbursement Amount”) during any of the previous thirty-six (36) months, but only to the extent that the Fund’s estimated annualized Specified Expenses in respect of a Class are less than, for such month, the lesser of the Expense Limitation or any other relevant expense limit then in effect with respect to the Class, and provided that such amount paid to the Advisor will in no event exceed the total Reimbursement Amount and will not include any amounts previously reimbursed. The Advisor may recapture a Specified Expense in any year within the thirty-six month period after the Advisor bears the expense. The Fund’s obligation to make reimbursement payments shall survive the termination of this Agreement.

 

Organizational costs include, among other things, the cost of organizing as a Delaware statutory trust, including the cost of legal services and other fees pertaining to the Fund’s organization. These costs are expensed as incurred by the Fund and will be paid by the Advisor on behalf of the Fund.

 

The Fund’s initial offering costs include, among other things, legal, printing and other expenses pertaining to this offering. Any offering costs paid by the Advisor on behalf of the Fund will be recorded as a Payable for offering costs in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities and accounted for as a deferred charge until commencement of operations. Thereafter these initial offering costs will be amortized over 12 months on a straight-line basis. Ongoing offering costs will be expensed as incurred.

 

The Board of Trustees oversees and monitors the Fund’s management and operations. Certain officers of the Fund are also officers and directors of CAM, Calamos and Avenue. Such trustee and officers serve without direct compensation from the Fund.

 

Pursuant to an administration agreement (the “Administration Agreement”) with State Street Bank and Trust Company (the “Administrator”), the Administrator furnishes the Fund with clerical, bookkeeping and record keeping services.

 

Shares are being offered through Calamos Financial Services LLC (the “Distributor”), at and offering prices to the Fund’s then current NAV per Share, plus an applicable sales load, as disclosed in the then current Prospectus. For Class A shares only, the current load is 5.75%.

 

 F-5 

 

 

4. Federal Income Taxes

 

The Fund intends to qualify as a “regulated investment company” and as such (and by complying with the applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended) will not be subject to Federal income tax on taxable income (including realized capital gains) that is distributed to shareholders.

 

5. Subsequent Events

 

In preparing these financial statements, the Fund’s management has evaluated events and transactions for potential recognition or disclosure through the date the financial statements were issued. There were no subsequent events identified that require recognition or disclosure.

 

F-6

 

 

 

PART C: OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 25. Financial Statements and Exhibits

 

 
(1) Financial Statements:
 

Part A: Not applicable, as Registrant has not yet commenced operations.

 

Part B: Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Financial statements indicating that the Registrant has met the net worth requirements of Section 14(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 are included in Part B of this Registration Statement.

(2) Exhibits:
   
(a)

(1)       Certificate of Trust, dated January 31, 2020 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Initial Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-238499) filed on May 19, 2020).

 

(i)       Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Trust, dated May 12, 2020 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Initial Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-238499) filed on May 19, 2020).

 

(2)       Declaration of Trust, dated January 31, 2020 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Initial Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-238499) filed on May 19, 2020).

 

(3)       Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust (filed herewith).

 
(b)  Bylaws (filed herewith).
 
(c) Not applicable.
 
(d) Multiple Class Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3 (filed herewith).
 
(e) Dividend Reinvestment Plan (filed herewith).
 
(f) Not applicable.
 
(g)

 

(1)       Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Calamos Avenue Management, LLC. (filed herewith).

 

(2)       Amended and Restated Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Calamos Avenue Management, LLC and Calamos Advisors LLC. (filed herewith).

 

(3)       Amended and Restated Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Calamos Avenue Management, LLC and Avenue Capital Management II, L.P. (filed herewith).

 
(h)

(1)       Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and Calamos Financial Services LLC (filed herewith).

 

(2)       Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan (filed herewith).

 

   

 

 

  (i) Not applicable.
     
  (j) Custodian Agreement (filed herewith).

 

  (k)

(1)       Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement (filed herewith).

 

(2)       Administration Agreement (filed herewith).

 

(3)       Expense Limitation Agreement (filed herewith).

 

(4)       Management Fee Waiver (filed herewith).

 

(5)       Sub-Advisory Fee Waiver between Calamos Avenue Management, LLC and Calamos Advisors LLC (filed herewith).

 

(6)       Sub-Advisory Fee Waiver between Calamos Avenue Management, LLC and Avenue Capital Management, L.P. (filed herewith).

 
(l) Opinion and Consent of Dechert LLP (filed herewith).
 
(m) Not applicable.
 
(n) Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (filed herewith).
 
(o) Not applicable.
 
(p) Subscription Agreement (filed herewith).
 
(q) Not applicable.
 
(r)

(1)       Joint Code of Ethics of the Registrant and Calamos Avenue Management, LLC (filed herewith).

 

(2)       Joint Code of Ethics of Calamos Advisors LLC and Calamos Financial Services LLC (filed herewith).

 

(3)       Code of Ethics of Avenue Capital Management II, L.P. (filed herewith).

(s) Powers of Attorney (filed herewith).

 

Item 26. Marketing Arrangements

 

   

 

 

Reference is made to the form of the Distribution Agreement, which is included as Exhibit (2)(h)(1) hereto.

 

Item 27. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution

 

The following table sets forth the estimated expenses to be incurred in connection with the offering described in this registration statement:

 

Securities and Exchange Commission Registration Fees  $46,350 
FINRA Fees  $75,500 
Blue Sky Fees  $65,471 
Legal Fees and Expenses  $294,145 
Printing Expenses  $35,000 
Miscellaneous  $462 
Total  $516,928 

 

Item 28. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with the Registrant

 

No person is directly or indirectly controlled by or under common control with the Registrant, except that the Registrant may be deemed to be controlled by Calamos Avenue Management, LLC (“CAM”), the investment adviser and sole shareholder of the Registrant. CAM was formed under the laws of the State of Delaware. Additional information regarding CAM is set out in its Form ADV, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (File No. 801-119329).

 

Item 29. Number of Holder of Securities

 

Set forth below is the number of holders of securities of the Registrant as of December 31, 2021:

 

Title of Class Number of Record Holders
Shares of Beneficial Interest, Class I 1

 

Item 30. Indemnification

 

Reference is made to Article 5.2 of the Registrant’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust filed as Exhibit (2)(a)(3) to this Registration Statement (the “Declaration of Trust”). Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) may be permitted to CAM, Calamos Advisors LLC (“Calamos”), Avenue Capital Management II, L.P. (“Avenue” and collectively with CAM and Calamos, the “Advisors”), officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by the Advisors, officers or controlling persons of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by the Advisors, officers or controlling persons, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

The Registrant hereby undertakes that it will apply the indemnification provisions of the Declaration of Trust in a manner consistent with Investment Company Act Release No. 11330 (Sept. 4, 1980) issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission, so long as the interpretation of Sections 17(h) and 17(i) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), contained in that release remains in effect. The Registrant, in conjunction with the Advisors and the Registrant’s Board of Trustees, maintains insurance on behalf of any person who is or was an Independent Trustee, officer, employee, or agent of the Registrant, against certain liability asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her or arising out of his or her position. In no event, however, will the Registrant pay that portion of the premium, if any, for insurance to indemnify any such person or any act for which the Registrant itself is not permitted to indemnify.

 

   

 

 

Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Advisor

 

CAM serves as the investment advisor to the Registrant and is engaged in the investment advisory business. Calamos serves as an investment sub-advisor to the Registrant and is engaged in the investment advisory business. Avenue serves as an investment sub-advisor to the Registrant and is engaged in the investment advisory business. For information as to the business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which CAM, Calamos and Avenue and each of their executive officers and directors is or has been, during the last two fiscal years, engaged for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee, reference is made to the information set forth in CAM’s Form ADV (File No. 801-119329), Calamos’s Form ADV (File No. 801-29688) and Avenue’s Form ADV (File No. 801-57734), each as filed with the SEC and incorporated herein by reference.

 

Item 32. Location of Accounts and Records

 

All accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, and the rules thereunder are maintained at the office of the Registrant’s administrator and custodian, State Street Bank and Trust Company, except for certain transfer agency records which are maintained by U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC.

 

Item 33. Management Services

 

Not applicable.

 

Item 34. Undertakings

 

1.Registrant undertakes to suspend the offering of its Shares until it amends the prospectus filed herewith if (1) subsequent to the effective date of its registration statement, the net asset value declines more than ten percent from its net asset value as of the effective date of the registration statement, or (2) the net asset value increases to an amount greater than its net proceeds as stated in the prospectus.

 

2.Not applicable.

 

3.Not applicable.

 

4.The Registrant undertakes:

 

a)to file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to the registration statement:

 

1.to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the 1933 Act;

 

2.to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement; and

 

   

 

 

3.to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

 

b)that, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of those securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof;

 

c)to remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering;

 

d)that, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser, if the Registrant is subject to Rule 430C [17 CFR 230.430C], each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 497(b), (c), (d) or (e) under the Securities Act [17 CFR 230.497(b), (c), (d) or (e)] as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A under the Securities Act [17 CFR 230.430A], shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.

 

e)that for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of securities, undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to the purchaser:

 

1.any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 497 under the Securities Act [17 CFR 230.497];

 

2.the portion of any advertisement pursuant to Rule 482 under the Securities Act [17 CFR 230.482] relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and

 

3.any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser.

 

   

 

 

5.The Registrant undertakes that:

 

a)For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in the form of prospectus filed by the Registrant under Rule 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective; and

 

b)For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of the securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

6.The Registrant undertakes to send by first class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery, within two business days of receipt of a written or oral request, any Statement of Additional Information.

 

   

 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Naperville and State of Illinois on the 12th day of January, 2022.

 

  CALAMOS-AVENUE OPPORTUNITIES FUND
   
  (A Delaware statutory trust)
     
  By: /s/ John S. Koudounis*
    John S. Koudounis
    President

 

     Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following person in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Name   Title   Date
     
/s/ John S. Koudounis*   Chairman, Trustee and President (Principal Executive Officer)   January 12, 2022
John S. Koudounis        
 
/s/ Marc Lasry*   Trustee   January 12, 2022
Marc Lasry        
 
/s/ John E. Neal*   Trustee   January 12, 2022
John E. Neal        
     
/s/ Joel T. Citron*   Trustee   January 12, 2022
Joel T. Citron        
         
/s/ Daniel Rappaport*   Trustee   January 12, 2022
Daniel Rappaport        
         
/s/ Thomas E. Herman*   Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)   January 12, 2022
Thomas E. Herman        

 

*By: /s/ J. Christopher Jackson  
J. Christopher Jackson  
Attorney-in-Fact (Pursuant to Power of Attorney (filed herewith))  

 

   

 

 

CALAMOS-AVENUE OPPORTUNITIES FUND

 

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Index No.   Description of Exhibit
2(a)(3)   Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust
2(b)   Bylaws
2(d)   Multiple Class Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3
2(e)   Dividend Reinvestment Plan
2(g)(1)   Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Calamos Avenue Management, LLC.
2(g)(2)   Amended and Restated Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Calamos Avenue Management, LLC and Calamos Advisors LLC.
2(g)(3)   Amended and Restated Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Calamos Avenue Management, LLC and Avenue Capital Management II, L.P.
2(h)(1)   Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and Calamos Financial Services LLC
2(h)(2)   Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan
2(j)   Custodian Agreement
2(k)(1)   Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement
2(k)(2)   Administration Agreement
2(k)(3)   Expense Limitation Agreement
2(k)(4)   Management Fee Waiver
2(k)(5)   Sub-Advisory Fee Waiver between Calamos Avenue Management, LLC and Calamos Advisors LLC
2(k)(6)   Sub-Advisory Fee Waiver between Calamos Avenue Management, LLC and Avenue Capital Management, L.P.
2(l)   Opinion and Consent of Dechert LLP
2(n)   Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
2(p)   Subscription Agreement
2(r)(1)   Joint Code of Ethics of the Registrant and Calamos Avenue Management, LLC
2(r)(2)   Joint Code of Ethics of Calamos Advisors LLC and Calamos Financial Services LLC
2(r)(3)   Code of Ethics of Avenue Capital Management II, L.P.
2(s)   Powers of Attorney