RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Leases

In February 2022, the Company entered into a lease agreement with KAEC, a related party of the PIF, which is an affiliate of Ayar, for its first international manufacturing plant in Saudi Arabia. The lease has an initial term of 25 years expiring in 2047. The right-of-use asset related to this lease was $4.1 million and $4.2 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The lease liability was $6.3 million and $6.1 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The right-of-use asset and lease liability were recorded in right-of-use assets and other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, respectively. The lease expense recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was immaterial.

In July 2023, the Company entered into a lease agreement with King Abdullah Financial District Development and Management Company, a subsidiary of the PIF, which is an affiliate of Ayar, for its corporate office in Saudi Arabia. The lease has an initial term of six years expiring in 2029. The right-of-use asset related to this lease was $1.8 million and $2.0 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The lease liability was $2.5 million and $2.4 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The right-of-use asset and lease liability were recorded in right-of-use assets and other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, respectively. The lease expense recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was immaterial.

SIDF Loan Agreement

In February 2022, Lucid LLC entered into the SIDF Loan Agreement with the SIDF, a related party of the PIF, which is an affiliate of Ayar. Under the SIDF Loan Agreement, SIDF has committed to provide the SIDF Loans to Lucid LLC in an aggregate principal amount of up to SAR 5.19 billion (approximately $1.4 billion); provided that SIDF may reduce the availability of SIDF Loans under the facility in certain circumstances. See Note 6 “Debt” for more information.

MISA Agreements

In February 2022, Lucid LLC entered into agreements with MISA, a related party of the PIF, which is an affiliate of Ayar, pursuant to which MISA has agreed to provide economic support for certain capital expenditures in connection with Lucid LLC’s on-going design and construction of AMP-2. The support by MISA is subject to Lucid LLC’s completion of certain milestones related to the construction and operation of AMP-2. Following the commencement of construction, if operations at the plant do not commence within 30 months, or if the agreed scope of operations is not attained within 55 months, MISA may suspend availability of subsequent support.

Pursuant to the agreements, MISA has the right to require Lucid LLC to transfer the ownership of AMP-2 to MISA, at the fair market value thereof, reduced by an amortized value of the support provided in the event of customary events of default including abandonment or material and chronically low utilization of AMP-2. Alternatively, Lucid LLC is entitled to avoid the transfer of the ownership of AMP-2 by electing to pay such amortized value. The agreements will terminate on the fifteenth anniversary of the commencement of CBU operations at AMP-2 at the latest.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company received support of SAR 366 million (approximately $97.5 million) in cash, of which $62.5 million was recorded as deferred liability within other long-term liabilities and $35.0 million was recorded as a deduction in calculating the carrying amount of the related assets in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2024, the Company recorded $97.5 million as a deduction in calculating the carrying amount of the related assets in the consolidated balance sheet. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, there were no further deductions to the carrying value of the related assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. There were no unfulfilled conditions and contingencies attached to the payments received.

GIB Facility Agreement

In April 2022, Lucid LLC entered into the GIB Facility Agreement with GIB. GIB is a related party of the PIF, which is an affiliate of Ayar. The GIB Facility Agreement provided for two committed revolving credit facilities in an aggregate principal amount of SAR 1.0 billion (approximately $266.1 million).

In March 2023, Lucid LLC entered into an amendment of the 2023 GIB Facility Agreement to combine the Bridge Facility and the Working Capital Facility into a committed SAR 1.0 billion (approximately $266.1 million) 2023 GIB Credit Facility which may be used for general corporate purposes.

In February 2025, Lucid LLC entered into the 2025 GIB Credit Facility maturing on February 24, 2028 to increase the credit facility committed amount from SAR 1.0 billion (approximately $266.1 million) to SAR 1.9 billion (approximately $506.6 million). Loans under the 2025 GIB Credit Facility may be used for general corporate purposes. See Note 6 “Debt” for more information.

Construction Service Contract

Lucid LLC entered into agreements with Al Bawani Company Limited (“Al Bawani”), an affiliate of the PIF, which is an affiliate of Ayar, for certain design and construction services in connection with the development of AMP-2. The capital expenditures incurred to date under these agreements were SAR 1,316.1 million (approximately $350.9 million) and SAR 865.2 million (approximately $230.3 million) as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Amounts due to Al Bawani under these agreements was SAR 67.5 million (approximately $18.0 million) as of June 30, 2025 and was recorded within accounts payable in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Net advance payments made to Al Bawani under these agreements was SAR 129.6 million (approximately $34.5 million) as of December 31, 2024, and was recorded within other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Subscription Agreements

In May 2023, the Company entered into the 2023 Subscription Agreement with Ayar, pursuant to which Ayar agreed to purchase from the Company 265,693,703 shares of the Company’s common stock at a price per share of $6.83 in a private placement for aggregate net proceeds of $1.8 billion. In June 2023, the Company issued the shares to Ayar pursuant to the 2023 Subscription Agreement and received aggregate net proceeds of $1.8 billion after deducting issuance costs of $2.0 million.

In March 2024, the Company entered into the Series A Subscription Agreement with Ayar, pursuant to which Ayar agreed to purchase from the Company 100,000 shares of its Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock for an aggregate purchase price of $1.0 billion in a private placement. Subsequently, in March 2024, the Company issued the shares to Ayar pursuant to the Series A Subscription Agreement and received aggregate net proceeds of $997.6 million after deducting issuance cost of $2.4 million. In August 2024, the Company entered into the Series B Subscription Agreement with Ayar, pursuant to which Ayar agreed to purchase from the Company 75,000 shares of its Series B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock for an aggregate purchase price of $750.0 million in a private placement. Subsequently, in August 2024, the Company issued the shares to Ayar pursuant to the Series B Subscription Agreement and received aggregate net proceeds of $749.4 million after deducting issuance costs of $0.6 million. See Note 8 “Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock” for more information.

In October 2024, the Company entered into the 2024 Subscription Agreement, pursuant to which Ayar agreed to purchase from the Company 374,717,927 shares of the Company’s common stock in a private placement. In addition, Ayar agreed to purchase an additional 21,470,459 shares of the Company’s common stock. As of October 31, 2024, the Company consummated the private placement of shares to Ayar pursuant to the 2024 Subscription Agreement, at a price per share of $2.59, for aggregate net proceeds of $1,025.7 million after deducting issuance costs of $0.8 million.

Common stock acquired by Ayar under the 2023 Subscription Agreement, 2024 Subscription Agreement, the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock acquired by Ayar under the Series A Subscription Agreement and the Series B Subscription Agreement, and the common stock issuable upon conversion thereof are subject to the Investor Rights Agreement dated February 22, 2021 (as amended from time-to-time, the “Investor Rights Agreement”), which governs the registration for resale of such common stock and the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock.

Human Resources Development Fund (“HRDF”) Joint Cooperation Agreement

In March 2023, Lucid LLC entered into a joint cooperation agreement with HRDF, a related party of the PIF, which is an affiliate of Ayar. Pursuant to the agreement, Lucid LLC will train and develop local personnel in Saudi Arabia, and HRDF agreed to reimburse the Company training related costs in an aggregate maximum amount of SAR 29.3 million (approximately $7.8 million) during the program.

The Company received payments of SAR 10.9 million (approximately $2.9 million) in cash during the year ended December 31, 2024, and SAR 2.2 million (approximately $0.6 million) and SAR 7.0 million (approximately $1.9 million) in cash during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. The deferred liability balance was nil as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and the Company recorded the deferred liability balance as a deduction to operating expenses in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. The deduction recorded to operating expenses in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss was not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

EV Purchase Agreement

In August 2023, Lucid LLC entered into the EV Purchase Agreement with the Government of Saudi Arabia, a related party of the PIF, which is an affiliate of Ayar, as represented by the Ministry of Finance. The EV Purchase Agreement supersedes the letter of undertaking that Lucid LLC entered into in April 2022. Pursuant to the terms of the EV Purchase Agreement, the Government of Saudi Arabia and its entities and corporate subsidiaries and other beneficiaries (collectively, the “Purchaser”) may purchase up to 100,000 vehicles, with a minimum purchase quantity of 50,000 vehicles and an option to purchase up to an additional 50,000 vehicles during a ten-year period. Under the EV Purchase Agreement, the Purchaser may reduce the minimum vehicle purchase quantity by the number of vehicles set out in any purchase order not accepted by us or by the number of any vehicles that Lucid LLC fails to deliver within six months from the date of the applicable purchase order. The Purchaser also has sole and absolute discretion to decide whether to exercise the option to purchase the additional 50,000 vehicles.

The Company recognized net vehicle sales amount of SAR 113.5 million (approximately $30.2 million) and SAR 132.6 million (approximately $35.3 million) during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, and SAR 136.9 million (approximately $36.5 million) and SAR 329.5 million (approximately $87.8 million) during the same periods in the prior year, respectively. The deferred revenue from the vehicle sales was primarily related to OTA and was recorded within other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the deferred revenue balance was not material. The Company recorded amounts due from the Purchaser of SAR 238.2 million (approximately $63.5 million) and SAR 217.6 million (approximately $57.9 million) in accounts receivable, net in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. See “Vehicle Sales without Residual Value Guarantee” section under Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for the revenue recognition policies.

Implementation Agreement with Aston Martin

In June 2023, the Company entered into an agreement (the “Implementation Agreement”) with Aston Martin, a related party of the PIF, which is an affiliate of Ayar, under which the Company and Aston Martin have established a long-term strategic technology and supply arrangement. On November 6, 2023, pursuant to the terms of the Implementation Agreement, integration and supply arrangements became effective, under which the Company will provide Aston Martin access to its powertrain, battery system, and software technologies, work with Aston Martin to integrate its powertrain and battery components with Aston Martin’s battery EV chassis, and supply powertrain and battery components to Aston Martin (collectively, the “Strategic Technology Arrangement”). In connection with the commencement of the Strategic Technology Arrangement, the Company received technology access fees in 28,352,273 ordinary shares of Aston Martin (subject to a lock-up provision of 365 days from its issuance) and the first cash installment of $33.0 million. These shares were initially measured at a fair value of $73.2 million. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company remeasured the shares and recorded fair values of $31.1 million and $37.8 million within investments in equity securities of a related party in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, respectively. The Company will receive the remaining cash payments of $99 million phased over a period of three years. In connection with the Strategic Technology Arrangement, the Company will also receive an aggregate of $10 million for integration service fees phased over a period of three years, of which the Company received $5.8 million from inception through June 30, 2025. The Company recorded accounts receivable of $2.1 million in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2025. The Company accounts for technology access, integration service, and supply arrangement as a single performance obligation and recognizes revenue related to technology access and integration service based on estimated units of delivery under the supply arrangement. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company recorded $114.1 million and $112.7 million as deferred revenue primarily within other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, respectively. Aston Martin has also committed to an effective minimum spend with the Company on powertrain components of $225 million.

DDTL Credit Facility

In August 2024, the Company entered into a $750.0 million five year DDTL Credit Facility with Ayar, which may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. See Note 6 “Debt” for more information.

Time Deposit

The Company purchases time deposits with GIB from time-to-time. GIB is a related party of the PIF, which is an affiliate of Ayar. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company recorded time deposit balance of $35.0 million and $15.0 million within short-term investments, and $30.0 million and $20.0 million within other long-term investments in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, respectively. See Note 5 “Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments” for more information.

Ayar Prepaid Forward Transaction

In connection with the pricing of the 2030 Notes, Ayar entered into a privately negotiated prepaid forward transaction with the Forward Counterparty, pursuant to which Ayar will purchase approximately $430.0 million of the Company’s common stock with delivery expected to occur on or about the maturity date for the 2030 Notes, subject to the ability of the Forward Counterparty to elect to settle all or a portion of the prepaid forward transaction early. The periodic fee incurred associated with the prepaid forward transaction was not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. See Note 6 “Debt” for more information.