SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)	6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 27, 2024. In management’s opinion, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and reflect all adjustments, which include normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2024 and the results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2024 or any other future interim or annual period.
Principles of Consolidation	The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates, assumptions and judgments made by management include, among others, inventory valuation, warranty reserve, useful lives of property, plant and equipment, fair value of common stock warrants, fair value of derivative liability associated with the redeemable convertible preferred stock, estimates of residual value guarantee (“RVG”) liability, deferred revenue related to technology access fees and over-the-air (“OTA”) software updates, sales return reserves, assumptions used to measure stock-based compensation expense, and estimated incremental borrowing rates for assessing operating and finance leases. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Changes in those estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods.
Reclassifications	Reclassifications Certain prior-period amounts have been reclassified in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in order to conform to the current period presentation.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity at the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Restricted cash in other current assets is primarily related to letters of credit issued to the landlords for certain of the Company’s leased facilities.
Accounts Receivable, Net	Accounts Receivable, Net Accounts receivable consists of receivables from our customers and from financial institutions offering financing products to our customers for the sale of vehicles, sales of powertrain kits, services, and regulatory credits. The Company provides an allowance against accounts receivable for any potential uncollectible amounts. The Company recorded immaterial allowance for uncollectible amounts as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Concentration of Credit Risk	Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents, investments and accounts receivable. The Company places its cash primarily with domestic financial institutions that are federally insured within statutory limits, but its deposits exceed federally insured limits.
Concentration of Supply Risk	Concentration of Supply Risk The Company is dependent on its suppliers, the majority of which are single-source suppliers, and the inability of these suppliers to deliver necessary components of its products according to the schedule and at prices, quality levels and volumes acceptable to the Company, or its inability to efficiently manage these components, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers and Other	Revenue from Contracts with Customers Vehicle Sales Vehicle Sales without Residual Value Guarantee Vehicle sales revenue is generated from the sale of electric vehicles to customers. There are two performance obligations identified in vehicle sale arrangements. These are the vehicle including an onboard advanced driver assistance system (“ADAS”), and the right to unspecified OTA software updates to be provided as and when available over the term of the basic vehicle warranty, which is generally 4 years. Payment is typically received at the time of delivery or shortly after delivery of the vehicle to the customer, except for vehicle sales under the EV Purchase Agreement. The Company recognizes revenue related to the vehicle when the customer obtains control of the vehicle which occurs at a point in time either upon completion of delivery to the agreed upon delivery location or upon pick up of the vehicle by the customer. As the unspecified OTA software updates are provided when-and-if they become available, revenue related to OTA software updates is recognized ratably over the basic vehicle warranty term, commencing when control of the vehicle is transferred to the customer. At the time of revenue recognition, the Company reduces the transaction price and records a sales return reserve against revenue for estimated variable consideration related to future product returns. Return rate estimates are based on historical experience and sales return reserve balance was not material as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Vehicle Sales with Residual Value Guarantee The Company provides an RVG to its commercial banking partner in connection with its vehicle leasing program. Vehicle sales with RVG totaled $118.7 million and $190.9 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and $36.8 million and $55.5 million for the same periods in the prior year. Under the vehicle leasing program, the Company generally receives payment for the vehicle sales price at the time of delivery or shortly after the delivery. The Company recognizes revenue when control transfers upon delivery when the consumer-lessee takes physical possession of the vehicle, and bifurcates the RVG at fair value and accounts for it as a guarantee liability. The remaining amount of the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligations, including the vehicle, the right to unspecified OTA software updates and remarketing activities, in proportion to the standalone selling price of the Company’s performance obligations. The guarantee liability represents the estimated amount the Company expects to pay at the end of the lease term. The Company is released from residual risk upon either expiration or settlement of the RVG. The Company evaluates variables such as third-party residual value publications, risk of future price deterioration due to changes in market conditions and reconditioning costs to determine the estimated RVG liability. The RVG liabilities were not material as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Other Other consists of revenue from non-warranty after-sales vehicle services, sales of battery pack systems, powertrain kits, retail merchandise, and regulatory credits.
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock	Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Accounting for the redeemable convertible preferred stock requires an evaluation to determine if liability classification is required under ASC 480-10. Liability classification is required for freestanding financial instruments that are (1) subject to an unconditional obligation requiring the issuer to redeem the instrument by transferring assets, such as those that are mandatorily redeemable, (2) instruments other than equity shares that embody an obligation of the issuer to repurchase its equity shares, or (3) certain types of instruments that obligate the issuer to issue a variable number of equity shares. Securities that do not meet the scoping criteria to be classified as a liability under ASC 480 are subject to redeemable equity guidance, which prescribes securities that may be subject to redemption upon an event not solely within the Company’s control to be classified as temporary equity. Securities classified in temporary equity are initially measured at the proceeds received, net of issuance costs and excluding the fair value of bifurcated embedded derivatives, if any. Subsequent measurement of the carrying value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock is required as the instrument is probable of becoming redeemable. The Company accretes the redeemable convertible preferred stock to its redemption value. In certain circumstances, the redemption price may vary based on changes in stock price, in which case the Company recognizes changes in the redemption value immediately as they occur and adjust the carrying value of the security to equal the then current maximum redemption value at the end of each reporting period.
Derivative Liability	Derivative Liability The Company evaluates all of its financial instruments, including convertible notes and redeemable convertible preferred stock, to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives. The Company applies significant judgment to identify and evaluate complex terms and conditions in these contracts and agreements to determine whether embedded derivatives exist. Embedded derivatives must be separately measured from the host contract if all the requirements for bifurcation are met. The assessment of the conditions surrounding the bifurcation of embedded derivatives depends on the nature of the host contract. Bifurcated embedded derivatives are recognized at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss at each reporting period end. Bifurcated embedded derivatives are classified as a separate asset or liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company’s derivative liability is related to the conversion features embedded in the Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock. See Note 8 “Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock” for more information. Except for the policies described above, there have been no significant changes to accounting policies during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted	Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires incremental segment information disclosure on an annual and interim basis. This amendment includes disclosure of significant segment expenses which are regularly provided to the CODM and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss; other segment items by reportable segment and a description of its composition; reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets; additional measures of segment profit or loss if the CODM uses more than one measure of a segment’s profit or loss in assessing segment performance, and the title and position of the entity’s CODM and how the CODM uses the reported measures of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and determining resource allocation. The Company with a single reportable segment is required to provide all the disclosures from this amendment. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted, and should be applied retrospectively. The Company is evaluating the impact of this amendment to the related financial statement disclosures and expects to adopt them for the year ended December 31, 2024. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires incremental annual income tax disclosures. This amendment includes disclosures of specific categories in the rate reconciliation and additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold; income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes, and also disaggregated by individual jurisdictions that meet a quantitative threshold; income (or loss) from continuing operations before income tax expenses (or benefit) disaggregated between domestic and foreign; and income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations disaggregated by federal, state and foreign. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted and should be applied prospectively (with retrospective application permitted). The Company is evaluating the impact of this amendment to the related financial statement disclosures. In March 2024, the SEC issued its final rule that requires certain climate-related disclosures in annual reports, including governance, oversight, and risk management processes on material climate-related risks; material impact of climate risks on the Company’s strategy, business model, and outlook; material climate targets and goals; and material financial statements impacts due to severe weather events and other natural conditions. This SEC rule provides phased effective dates, starting with fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2025. The SEC rule is currently stayed pending the outcome of litigation, and the Company is evaluating the impact of this rule on its annual reports. The Company has considered all other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe the adoption of such pronouncements will have a material impact on its financial statements or notes thereto.
Fair Value Measurement	The accounting standard for fair value measurements provides a framework for measuring fair value and requires expanded disclosures regarding fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for an asset or the “exit price” that would be paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between independent market participants on the measurement date. The Company measures financial assets and liabilities at fair value at each reporting period using a fair value hierarchy, which requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument classification within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. This hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels as follows: •Level 1—Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. •Level 2—Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. •Level 3—Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Factors used to develop the estimated fair value are unobservable inputs that are not supported by market activity. The sensitivity of the fair value measurement to changes in unobservable inputs may result in a significantly higher or lower measurement.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 27, 2024.

In management’s opinion, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and reflect all adjustments, which include normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2024 and the results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2024 or any other future interim or annual period.

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates, assumptions and judgments made by management include, among others, inventory valuation, warranty reserve, useful lives of property, plant and equipment, fair value of common stock warrants, fair value of derivative liability associated with the redeemable convertible preferred stock, estimates of residual value guarantee (“RVG”) liability, deferred revenue related to technology access fees and over-the-air (“OTA”) software updates, sales return reserves, assumptions used to measure stock-based compensation expense, and estimated incremental borrowing rates for assessing operating and finance leases. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Changes in those estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods.

Reclassifications

Certain prior-period amounts have been reclassified in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in order to conform to the current period presentation.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity at the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Restricted cash in other current assets is primarily related to letters of credit issued to the landlords for certain of the Company’s leased facilities.

Accounts Receivable, Net

Accounts receivable consists of receivables from our customers and from financial institutions offering financing products to our customers for the sale of vehicles, sales of powertrain kits, services, and regulatory credits. The Company provides an allowance against accounts receivable for any potential uncollectible amounts. The Company recorded immaterial allowance for uncollectible amounts as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents, investments and accounts receivable. The Company places its cash primarily with domestic financial institutions that are federally insured within statutory limits, but its deposits exceed federally insured limits.

Concentration of Supply Risk

The Company is dependent on its suppliers, the majority of which are single-source suppliers, and the inability of these suppliers to deliver necessary components of its products according to the schedule and at prices, quality levels and volumes acceptable to the Company, or its inability to efficiently manage these components, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers and Other

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Vehicle Sales

Vehicle Sales without Residual Value Guarantee

Vehicle sales revenue is generated from the sale of electric vehicles to customers. There are two performance obligations identified in vehicle sale arrangements. These are the vehicle including an onboard advanced driver assistance system (“ADAS”), and the right to unspecified OTA software updates to be provided as and when available over the term of the basic vehicle warranty, which is generally 4 years. Payment is typically received at the time of delivery or shortly after delivery of the vehicle to the customer, except for vehicle sales under the EV Purchase Agreement. The Company recognizes revenue related to the vehicle when the customer obtains control of the vehicle which occurs at a point in time either upon completion of delivery to the agreed upon delivery location or upon pick up of the vehicle by the customer. As the unspecified OTA software updates are provided when-and-if they become available, revenue related to OTA software updates is recognized ratably over the basic vehicle warranty term, commencing when control of the vehicle is transferred to the customer.

At the time of revenue recognition, the Company reduces the transaction price and records a sales return reserve against revenue for estimated variable consideration related to future product returns. Return rate estimates are based on historical experience and sales return reserve balance was not material as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Vehicle Sales with Residual Value Guarantee

The Company provides an RVG to its commercial banking partner in connection with its vehicle leasing program. Vehicle sales with RVG totaled $118.7 million and $190.9 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and $36.8 million and $55.5 million for the same periods in the prior year. Under the vehicle leasing program, the Company generally receives payment for the vehicle sales price at the time of delivery or shortly after the delivery. The Company recognizes revenue when control transfers upon delivery when the consumer-lessee takes physical possession of the vehicle, and bifurcates the RVG at fair value and accounts for it as a guarantee liability. The remaining amount of the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligations, including the vehicle, the right to unspecified OTA software updates and remarketing activities, in proportion to the standalone selling price of the Company’s performance obligations. The guarantee liability represents the estimated amount the Company expects to pay at the end of the lease term. The Company is released from residual risk upon either expiration or settlement of the RVG. The Company evaluates variables such as third-party residual value publications, risk of future price deterioration due to changes in market conditions and reconditioning costs to determine the estimated RVG liability. The RVG liabilities were not material as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Other

Other consists of revenue from non-warranty after-sales vehicle services, sales of battery pack systems, powertrain kits, retail merchandise, and regulatory credits.

Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

Accounting for the redeemable convertible preferred stock requires an evaluation to determine if liability classification is required under ASC 480-10. Liability classification is required for freestanding financial instruments that are (1) subject to an unconditional obligation requiring the issuer to redeem the instrument by transferring assets, such as those that are mandatorily redeemable, (2) instruments other than equity shares that embody an obligation of the issuer to repurchase its equity shares, or (3) certain types of instruments that obligate the issuer to issue a variable number of equity shares.

Securities that do not meet the scoping criteria to be classified as a liability under ASC 480 are subject to redeemable equity guidance, which prescribes securities that may be subject to redemption upon an event not solely within the Company’s control to be classified as temporary equity. Securities classified in temporary equity are initially measured at the proceeds received, net of issuance costs and excluding the fair value of bifurcated embedded derivatives, if any. Subsequent measurement of the carrying value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock is required as the instrument is probable of becoming redeemable. The Company accretes the redeemable convertible preferred stock to its redemption value. In certain circumstances, the redemption price may vary based on changes in stock price, in which case the Company recognizes changes in the redemption value immediately as they occur and adjust the carrying value of the security to equal the then current maximum redemption value at the end of each reporting period.

Derivative Liability

The Company evaluates all of its financial instruments, including convertible notes and redeemable convertible preferred stock, to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives. The Company applies significant judgment to identify and evaluate complex terms and conditions in these contracts and agreements to determine whether embedded derivatives exist. Embedded derivatives must be separately measured from the host contract if all the requirements for bifurcation are met. The assessment of the conditions surrounding the bifurcation of embedded derivatives depends on the nature of the host contract. Bifurcated embedded derivatives are recognized at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss at each reporting period end. Bifurcated embedded derivatives are classified as a separate asset or liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The Company’s derivative liability is related to the conversion features embedded in the Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock. See Note 8 “Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock” for more information.

Except for the policies described above, there have been no significant changes to accounting policies during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires incremental segment information disclosure on an annual and interim basis. This amendment includes disclosure of significant segment expenses which are regularly provided to the CODM and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss; other segment items by reportable segment and a description of its composition; reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets; additional measures of segment profit or loss if the CODM uses more than one measure of a segment’s profit or loss in assessing segment performance, and the title and position of the entity’s CODM and how the CODM uses the reported measures of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and determining resource allocation. The Company with a single reportable segment is required to provide all the disclosures from this amendment. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted, and should be applied retrospectively. The Company is evaluating the impact of this amendment to the related financial statement disclosures and expects to adopt them for the year ended December 31, 2024.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires incremental annual income tax disclosures. This amendment includes disclosures of specific categories in the rate reconciliation and additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold; income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes, and also disaggregated by individual jurisdictions that meet a quantitative threshold; income (or loss) from continuing operations before income tax expenses (or benefit) disaggregated between domestic and foreign; and income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations disaggregated by federal, state and foreign. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted and should be applied prospectively (with retrospective application permitted). The Company is evaluating the impact of this amendment to the related financial statement disclosures.

In March 2024, the SEC issued its final rule that requires certain climate-related disclosures in annual reports, including governance, oversight, and risk management processes on material climate-related risks; material impact of climate risks on the Company’s strategy, business model, and outlook; material climate targets and goals; and material financial statements impacts due to severe weather events and other natural conditions. This SEC rule provides phased effective dates, starting with fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2025. The SEC rule is currently stayed pending the outcome of litigation, and the Company is evaluating the impact of this rule on its annual reports.

The Company has considered all other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe the adoption of such pronouncements will have a material impact on its financial statements or notes thereto.

Fair Value Measurement

The accounting standard for fair value measurements provides a framework for measuring fair value and requires expanded disclosures regarding fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for an asset or the “exit price” that would be paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between independent market participants on the measurement date. The Company measures financial assets and liabilities at fair value at each reporting period using a fair value hierarchy, which requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument classification within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. This hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels as follows:

•Level 1—Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2—Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

•Level 3—Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Factors used to develop the estimated fair value are unobservable inputs that are not supported by market activity. The sensitivity of the fair value measurement to changes in unobservable inputs may result in a significantly higher or lower measurement.