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STOCK-BASED AWARDS
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
STOCK-BASED AWARDS STOCK-BASED AWARDS
Stock Options
A summary of stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was as follows:
Outstanding Options
Number of OptionsWeighted Average Exercise PriceWeighted-Average Remaining Contractual TermIntrinsic Value (in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2022
39,011,116 $1.19 6.52$224,721 
Options exercised
(2,200,365)1.00 
Options canceled
(360,455)2.90 
Balance as of March 31, 2023
36,450,296 $1.19 6.27$253,828 
Options vested and exercisable as of March 31, 2023
29,237,493 $1.03 5.96$206,986 
As of March 31, 2023, unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to outstanding unvested stock options that are expected to vest was $4.7 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.4 years.
Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)
A summary of RSUs activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was as follows:
Restricted Stock Units
Time-Based SharesPerformance-Based SharesTotal SharesWeighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Balance as of December 31, 2022
38,570,298 2,090,140 40,660,438 $19.38 
Granted9,280,865 — 9,280,865 8.42 
Vested(2,601,943)— (2,601,943)22.09 
Cancelled/Forfeited(1,184,767)— (1,184,767)18.64 
Balance as of March 31, 2023
44,064,453 2,090,140 46,154,593 $17.04 
As of March 31, 2023, unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to outstanding unvested time-based RSUs that are expected to vest was $525.6 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.8 years.
All performance-based RSUs granted to the CEO are subject to performance and market conditions. The performance condition was satisfied upon the closing of the Merger. The fair value of these performance-based RSUs was measured on the grant date, March 27, 2021, using a Monte Carlo simulation model, with the following assumptions:
Weighted average volatility60.0 %
Expected term (in years)5.0
Risk-free interest rate0.9 %
Expected dividends— 
The Company recognizes compensation expense using a graded vesting attribution method over the derived service period for the CEO performance-based awards. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized when the relevant performance condition is considered probable of achievement for the performance-based award. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the market condition was met for the CEO performance-based awards for four of the five tranches and certified by the Board of Directors, representing an aggregate of 13,934,271 performance RSUs. We recorded stock-based compensation expense of $85.4 million for the four tranches during the year ended December 31, 2022. As of March 31, 2023, the unamortized expense for the fifth tranche, representing 2,090,140 RSUs, was $5.4 million which will be recognized over a period of 0.5 years. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company withheld approximately 0.5 million and 8.0 million shares, respectively, of common stock by net settlement to meet the related tax withholding requirements related to the CEO time-based and performance-based RSUs.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”)
The ESPP authorizes the issuance of shares of common stock pursuant to purchase rights granted to employees. The plan provides for 24-month offering periods beginning in December and June of each year, and each offering period will consist of four six-month purchase periods. The purchase price for each share purchased during an offering period will be the lesser of 85% of the fair market value of the share on the purchase date or 85% of the fair market value of the share on the offering date. As of March 31, 2023, unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to the ESPP was $33.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Total employee and nonemployee stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, was classified in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Cost of revenue$574 $8,599 
Research and development27,983 49,756 
Selling, general and administrative26,705 116,196 
Restructuring charges(1,443)— 
Total$53,819 $174,551