The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) and fair value of available for sale (“AFS”) securities as of the dates indicated were as follows:


	As of March 31, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Debt securities:
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities	$	3,229,111	$	—	$	(545,484)	$	—	$	2,683,627
Government-sponsored commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,315,886		—		(209,103)		—		1,106,783
U.S. Agency bonds	236,761		—		(21,523)		—		215,238
U.S. Treasury securities	99,610		—		(4,525)		—		95,085
State and municipal bonds and obligations	197,685		22		(10,855)		—		186,852
	$	5,079,053	$	22	$	(791,490)	$	—	$	4,287,585


	As of December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Debt securities:
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities	$	3,302,165	$	—	$	(521,527)	$	—	$	2,780,638
Government-sponsored commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,326,029		—		(201,653)		—		1,124,376
U.S. Agency bonds	236,454		—		(20,443)		—		216,011
U.S. Treasury securities	99,552		—		(4,400)		—		95,152
State and municipal bonds and obligations	197,704		172		(6,532)		—		191,344
	$	5,161,904	$	172	$	(754,555)	$	—	$	4,407,521

The Company did not record a provision for credit losses on any AFS securities for either the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023. Accrued interest receivable on AFS securities totaled $10.4 million and $9.2 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and is included within other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company did not record any write-offs of accrued interest receivable on AFS securities during either the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023. No securities held by the Company were delinquent on contractual payments as of March 31, 2024 or

Information pertaining to AFS securities with gross unrealized losses as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, for which the Company did not recognize a provision for credit losses under the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities had been in a continuous loss position, is as follows:


	As of March 31, 2024
		Less than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
	# of Holdings	Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
	(Dollars in thousands)
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities	324	$	—	$	—	$	545,484	$	2,683,627	$	545,484	$	2,683,627
Government-sponsored commercial mortgage-backed securities	187	—		—		209,103		1,106,783		209,103		1,106,783
U.S. Agency bonds	23	—		—		21,523		215,238		21,523		215,238
U.S. Treasury securities	6	61		4,907		4,464		90,178		4,525		95,085
State and municipal bonds and obligations	232	460		30,745		10,395		150,166		10,855		180,911
	772	$	521	$	35,652	$	790,969	$	4,245,992	$	791,490	$	4,281,644


	As of December 31, 2023
		Less than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
	# of Holdings	Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
	(Dollars in thousands)
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities	324	$	—	$	—	$	521,527	$	2,780,638	$	521,527	$	2,780,638
Government-sponsored commercial mortgage-backed securities	187	—		—		201,653		1,124,376		201,653		1,124,376
U.S. Agency bonds	23	—		—		20,443		216,011		20,443		216,011
U.S. Treasury securities	6	36		4,927		4,364		90,225		4,400		95,152
State and municipal bonds and obligations	196	233		22,894		6,299		135,279		6,532		158,173
	736	$	269	$	27,821	$	754,286	$	4,346,529	$	754,555	$	4,374,350

•Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities, U.S. Agency bonds and U.S. Treasury securities – The securities with unrealized losses in these portfolios have contractual terms that generally do not permit the issuer to settle the security at a price less than the current par value of the investment. The decline in market value of these securities is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality. Additionally, these securities are implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government or one of its agencies.

•State and municipal bonds and obligations – The securities with unrealized losses in this portfolio have contractual terms that generally do not permit the issuer to settle the security at a price less than the current par value of the investment. The decline in market value of these securities is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality.


	As of March 31, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Debt securities:
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities	$	249,688	$	—	$	(28,531)	$	—	$	221,157
Government-sponsored commercial mortgage-backed securities	194,145		—		(22,112)		—		172,033
	$	443,833	$	—	$	(50,643)	$	—	$	393,190


	As of December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Debt securities:
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities	$	254,752	$	—	$	(24,433)	$	—	$	230,319
Government-sponsored commercial mortgage-backed securities	194,969		—		(20,466)		—		174,503
	$	449,721	$	—	$	(44,899)	$	—	$	404,822

The Company did not record a provision for estimated credit losses on any HTM securities for either the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023. The accrued interest receivable on HTM securities totaled $0.9 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and is included within other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company did not record any write-offs of accrued interest receivable on HTM securities during either the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023. No HTM securities held by the Company were delinquent on contractual payments as of either March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023, nor were any such securities placed on non-accrual status during the three and twelve month periods then ended, respectively.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of AFS and HTM securities by contractual maturities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.


	As of March 31, 2024
	Due in one year or less				Due after one year to five years				Due after five to ten years				Due after ten years				Total
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
AFS securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities	$	—	$	—	$	30,954	$	29,662	$	16,728	$	15,359	$	3,181,429	$	2,638,606	$	3,229,111	$	2,683,627
Government-sponsored commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		—		405,958		366,117		227,433		189,114		682,495		551,552		1,315,886		1,106,783
U.S. Agency bonds	—		—		236,761		215,238		—		—		—		—		236,761		215,238
U.S. Treasury securities	—		—		99,610		95,085		—		—		—		—		99,610		95,085
State and municipal bonds and obligations	1,573		1,542		30,250		29,017		45,268		43,797		120,594		112,496		197,685		186,852
Total available for sale securities	1,573		1,542		803,533		735,119		289,429		248,270		3,984,518		3,302,654		5,079,053		4,287,585
HTM securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities	—		—		—		—		—		—		249,688		221,157		249,688		221,157
Government-sponsored commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		—		136,819		122,886		57,326		49,147		—		—		194,145		172,033
Total held to maturity securities	—		—		136,819		122,886		57,326		49,147		249,688		221,157		443,833		393,190
Total	$	1,573	$	1,542	$	940,352	$	858,005	$	346,755	$	297,417	$	4,234,206	$	3,523,811	$	5,522,886	$	4,680,775


	As of December 31, 2023
	Due in one year or less				Due after one year to five years				Due after five to ten years					Due after ten years				Total
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value			Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
AFS securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities	$	—	$	—	$	29,288	$	28,188	$	22,735	$	21,235		$	3,250,142	$	2,731,215	$	3,302,165	$	2,780,638
Government-sponsored commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		—		256,229		234,725		379,749		327,198			690,051		562,453		1,326,029		1,124,376
U.S. Agency bonds	—		—		236,454		216,011		—		—			—		—		236,454		216,011
U.S. Treasury securities	—		—		99,552		95,152		—		—			—		—		99,552		95,152
State and municipal bonds and obligations	213		209		30,131		29,393		44,047		43,260			123,313		118,482		197,704		191,344
Total available for sale securities	213		209		651,654		603,469		446,531		391,693			4,063,506		3,412,150		5,161,904		4,407,521
HTM securities
Government-sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities	—		—		—		—		—		—			254,752		230,319		254,752		230,319
Government-sponsored commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		—		80,014		72,952		114,955		101,551		0	—		—		194,969		174,503
Total held to maturity securities	—		—		80,014		72,952		114,955		101,551			254,752		230,319		449,721		404,822
Total	$	213	$	209	$	731,668	$	676,421	$	561,486	$	493,244		$	4,318,258	$	3,642,469	$	5,611,625	$	4,812,343

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, securities with a carrying value of $604.0 million and $615.7 million, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits and for other purposes required by law. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, deposits with associated pledged collateral included cash accounts from the Company’s wealth management division (“Eastern Wealth Management”) and municipal deposit accounts.

In March 2023 the Federal Reserve created the Bank Term Funding Program (the “Program”) that offered eligible depository institutions loans up to one year in length in return for any collateral eligible for purchase by the Federal Reserve Banks in open market operations, such as U.S. Treasuries. As of December 31, 2023, securities with a carrying value of $2.4 billion were pledged as collateral through the Program. On January 24, 2024, the Federal Reserve Board announced the Program would cease making new loans as scheduled on March 11, 2024. Accordingly, no securities were pledged as collateral through the Program as of March 31, 2024. Separately, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company pledged securities with a carrying value of $2.6 billion and $168.8 million, respectively, to the Federal Reserve Discount Window (the “Discount Window”).