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Nature of Business and Organization and Basis of Presentation (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

The Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and all other entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest, including the accounts of any variable interest entity in which the Company has a controlling financial interest and for which it is the primary beneficiary.

Principles of Consolidation

All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Use of Estimates and Judgements

Use of Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of the Company’s Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in such financial statements and in the accompanying notes. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates.

Estimates are based on historical experience, where applicable, and other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, including those related to the: (i) recognition and disclosure of contingent liabilities, including litigation reserves; (ii) fair value of related party notes payable and notes payable; (iii) calculations related to the evaluation of possible long term asset impairment; and (iv) valuation of warrants. Such estimates often require the selection of appropriate valuation methodologies and financial models and may involve significant judgment in evaluating ranges of assumptions and financial inputs. Actual results may differ from those estimates under different assumptions, financial inputs, or circumstances.

Given the global economic climate, estimates are subject to additional volatility. As of the date of filing the Company’s Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements on this Form 10-Q with the SEC for the period ended June 30, 2024, the Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require an update to its estimates or judgments or

revisions to the carrying value of its assets or liabilities. However, these estimates and judgments may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained, which may result in changes being recognized in the Company’s Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in future periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates and any such differences may have a material impact on the Company’s Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized by the Company in accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”).

In order to recognize revenue under ASU 2014-09, the Company applies the following five steps:

•identify a customer along with a corresponding contract;

•identify the performance obligation(s) in the contract to transfer goods or provide distinct services to a customer;

•determine the transaction price the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer;

•allocate the transaction price to the performance obligation(s) in the contract; and

•recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies the performance obligation(s).

Revenue, which was primarily related to automotive sale revenue, was less than $0.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. Revenue from automotive leasing, services and other revenue recognized for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, was immaterial.

Automotive Sales Revenue

The Company began the production of its first vehicle, the FF 91 Futurist (the “FF 91,” “FF 91 Futurist”, or “FF 91 2.0 Futurist Alliance”), in March 2023 and began delivering to customers in August 2023.

Automotive sales revenue includes revenues related to deliveries of new vehicles, and specific other features and services including home charger, charger installation, 24/7 roadside assistance, over-the-air (“OTA”) software updates, internet connectivity and destination fees.

The Company recognizes revenue on automotive sales upon delivery to the customer, which is when control of a vehicle transfers. Payments are typically received at the point control transfers or in accordance with payment terms customary to the business and as indicated in the sales contract. OTA software updates are provisioned upon transfer of control of a vehicle and recognized over time on a straight-line basis as the Company has a stand-ready obligation to deliver such services to the customer. For obligations related to automotive sales, FF estimates standalone selling price by considering costs used to develop and deliver the good or service, third-party pricing of similar options and other information that may be available. The transaction price is allocated among the performance obligations in proportion to the standalone selling price of the Company’s performance obligations. Vehicle contracts do not contain a significant financing component.

Revenue from promises to the customer that are considered immaterial are combined with the vehicle performance obligation and recognized when the product has been transferred. The Company accrues costs to transfer these immaterial goods and services regardless of whether they have been transferred.

The Company provides its customers with a residual value guarantee that may or may not be exercised in the future. The impact of such residual value guarantees was immaterial to the Company’s Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.

Co-creation Arrangements

As part of the Company’s Futurist Product Officers (“FPO”) Co-Creation Delivery program that began in August 2023, the Company has entered into co-creation agreements with certain customers. The arrangement leverages some of the Company’s sales and leasing customers to share vehicle feedback, driving data, ideas, and experiences with the Company’s engineers, social media posts and other promotions in exchange for specified fees. For the services performed, the Company compensates the respective customers through a monthly consulting fee payment or a discount on their monthly lease payment.

The consideration paid to these customers relate to marketing and R&D services that are distinct and could be purchased by the Company from a separate third party. Management examined in detail the services provided by each respective customer in accordance with the co-creation agreement, established various data points, and rationally assigned a dollar amount that was deemed representative of the fair value of the services. Co-creation payments that exceed the fair value of the distinct services performed by the customer are considered consideration paid to the customer and were treated as a reduction in revenue. Co-creation fees recorded as a reduction to revenue and also within research and development (“R&D”) expenses in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements were less than $0.2 million and $0.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively.

The Company has entered into and may continue to enter into co-creator consulting agreements with its customers under which customers share feedback, driving data, ideas, and experiences with the Company’s engineers, social media posts and other promotions in exchange for specified fees. The Company considers these arrangements consideration payable to a customer. The consideration paid to the customer relates to marketing and R&D services that are distinct and could be purchased by the Company from a separate third party. The Company performs an analysis in which it maximizes the use of observable market inputs to ascribe a fair value to these services and record the fair value of these services to sales and marketing expense or R&D expense, as applicable. Any consideration payable to a customer that is above the fair value of the distinct services being provided is treated as a reduction of revenue.

Automotive Leasing Revenue

Operating Leasing Program

The Company has outstanding leases under its vehicle operating leasing program in the United States. Qualifying customers are permitted to lease a vehicle for up to 36 months. At the end of the lease term, customers are generally required to return the vehicle to the Company. The Company accounts for these leasing transactions as operating leases. The Company records leasing revenues to automotive leasing revenue on a straight-line basis over the contractual term, and it records the depreciation of these vehicles to cost of automotive leasing revenue. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the revenue recorded for this program was immaterial. As of June 30, 2024, deferred lease-related upfront payments that will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the contractual terms of the individual leases were immaterial. The Company’s policy is to exclude taxes collected from a customer from the transaction price of automotive contracts.

Sales-Type Leasing Program

The Company has outstanding leases accounted for as sales-type leases under ASC 842, Leases (“ASC 842”). Customers have the right to purchase the vehicle at the end of the lease term, which is usually 36 months. A customer qualifies under this program if the purchase option is reasonably certain to be exercised, and the Company therefore expects the customer to take title to the vehicle at the end of the lease term after making all contractual payments. The Company recognizes all revenue and costs associated with the sales-type lease as automotive leasing revenue and automotive leasing cost of revenue, respectively, upon delivery of the vehicle to the customer when collectability of lease payments is probable at lease commencement. If collectability of lease payments is not probable at commencement, the Company recognizes the lease payments as deposit liability on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet and does not derecognize the leased vehicle until such point that collectability of lease payments becomes probable. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, there was no revenue recognized under this program.

Customer Deposits and Deferred Revenue

The Company’s customers may reserve a vehicle and pre-order certain services by making a customer deposit, which is fully refundable at any time. Refundable deposits, for vehicle reservations and services, received from customers prior to an executed vehicle purchase agreement are recorded as customer deposits within Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Customer deposits were $3.2 million each as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. When vehicle purchase agreements are executed, the consideration for the vehicle and any accompanying products and services must be paid in advance prior to the transfer of products or services by the Company. Such advance payments are considered non-refundable, and the Company defers revenue related to any products or services that are not yet transferred.

Deferred revenue is equivalent to the total transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied, or partially unsatisfied, as of the balance sheet date.

Warranties

The Company provides a manufacturer’s warranty on all vehicles sold. The warranty covers the rectification of reported defects via repair, replacement, or adjustment of faulty parts or components. The warranty does not cover any item where failure is due to normal wear and tear. This assurance-type warranty does not create a performance obligation separate from the vehicle. Management tracks warranty claims by vehicle ID, owner, and date. As the Company continues to manufacture and sell more vehicles, it will reassess and evaluate its warranty claims for purposes of its warranty accrual.

Cost of Revenue

Automotive Sales Revenue

Cost of revenue includes direct and indirect materials, labor costs, manufacturing overhead, including depreciation costs of tooling and machinery, shipping and logistic costs, vehicle connectivity costs, and reserves for estimated warranty expenses. Cost of automotive sales revenues also includes adjustments to warranty expense.

Cost of services and other revenue includes costs associated with providing non-warranty after-sales services, costs for retail merchandise, and costs to provide vehicle insurance. Cost of services and other revenue also includes direct parts and material.

Automotive Leasing Program

Cost of leasing revenue includes the depreciation of operating lease vehicles, cost of goods sold associated with direct sales-type leases and warranty expense related to leased vehicles.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments are capitalized, while minor replacements, maintenance and repairs, which do not extend the assets’ lives, are charged to operating expense as incurred. Upon sale or disposition, the cost and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and any gain or loss is included in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

Depreciation and amortization on property, plant and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets and for leasehold improvements, over the remaining term of the lease, if shorter.


			Useful Life (in years)
Buildings			39
Building improvements			15
Computer hardware			5
Tooling, machinery, and equipment			5 to 10
Vehicles			5
Lease vehicles			7
Computer software			3
Leasehold improvements			Shorter of 15 years or remaining term of the lease

Construction in process (“CIP”) consists of the construction activities related to the FF ieFactory California production facility plant and tooling, machinery and equipment being built to serve the manufacturing of production vehicles. These assets are capitalized and depreciated once put into service.

The amounts capitalized in CIP that are held at vendor sites relate to the completed portion of work-in-progress of tooling, machinery and equipment built based on the Company’s specific needs. The Company may incur storage fees or interest fees related to CIP that are expensed as incurred. CIP is presented within Property, plant and equipment, net on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its long-lived assets, consisting primarily of property, plant and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset (or asset group) may not be recoverable. The Company performs impairment testing at the asset group level that represents the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. Recoverability of these assets is determined by comparing the forecasted undiscounted cash flows attributable to such assets, including any cash flows upon their eventual disposition, to the assets’ carrying values. If the carrying value of the assets exceeds the forecasted undiscounted cash flows, then the assets are written down to their fair value. Assets classified as held for sale are also assessed for impairment and such amounts are determined at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value, less costs to sell the asset. An impairment charge was taken during the second quarter of 2024 related to the Company’s right-of-use assets. See Note 9, Leases for more information.

Stock-Based Compensation

Effective January 1, 2023, stock-based compensation expense is reduced for forfeitures only when they occur. This change of accounting policy resulted in the recognition of a cumulative increase of prior stock-based compensation expenses totaling $1.8 million, which was recorded in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Income Taxes

There was no income tax provision impact on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. The income tax provision (benefit) recognized for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was immaterial. The difference in the Company’s effective tax rate from the federal statutory rate of 21% is due to the ratio of domestic and international loss before taxes. The Company records a full valuation allowance to reflect limited benefits for income taxes in jurisdictions that historically reported losses and a provision for income

taxes in jurisdictions that are profitable. The income tax provision for each period was the combined calculated tax expenses/benefits for various jurisdictions.

The Company is subject to taxation and files income tax returns with the U.S. federal government, the state of California and China. The Company’s income tax returns are open to examination by the relevant tax authorities until the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations, which is generally three years after the filing of the tax return. As of June 30, 2024, the Company is not under any tax audits on its income tax returns. All of the Company’s prior year tax returns, from 2017 through 2023, are open under Chinese tax law.

Reverse Stock Split and Recasting of Per-Share Amounts

Reverse Stock Splits and Recasting of Per-Share Amounts

On August 22, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) approved the implementation of a 1-for-80 reverse stock split (the “August 2023 Reverse Stock Split”) of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class A Common Stock”) and Class B Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class B Common Stock,” and together with the Class A Common Stock, the “Common Stock”) and set the number of authorized shares of Common Stock to 154,437,500 (which is 12,355,000,000 divided by 80). The August 2023 Reverse Stock Split was effected after market close on August 25, 2023, and shares of the Class A Common Stock and publicly traded warrants (the “Public Warrants”) began trading on a split-adjusted basis as of market open on August 28, 2023.

As approved by the Company’s stockholders at a special meeting held on February 5, 2024, the Company filed an amendment to the Company’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, with the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect an increase in the number of authorized shares of Common Stock from 154,437,500 to 1,389,937,500.

On February 23, 2024, the Board approved the implementation of a 1-for-3 reverse stock split (the “February 2024 Reverse Stock Split”) of the Common Stock and set the number of authorized shares of Common Stock to 463,312,500 (which is 1,389,937,500 divided by 3). The February 2024 Reverse Stock Split was effected after market close on February 29, 2024, and shares of the Class A Common Stock and the Public Warrants began trading on a split-adjusted basis as of market open on March 1, 2024.

All shares of Common Stock, Public Warrants, stock-based compensation awards, earnout shares and per share amounts contained in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the August 2023 Reverse Stock Split and February 2024 Reverse Stock Split (collectively, the “Splits”). In addition, proportionate adjustments were made to the number of shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise or conversion of the Company’s outstanding convertible debt securities and warrants, as well as the applicable exercise or conversion prices.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosure (ASU 2023-07). This ASU updates reportable segment disclosure requirements by requiring disclosures of significant reportable segment expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of a segment's profit or loss. This ASU also requires disclosure of the title and position of the individual identified as the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of a segment’s profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Adoption of the ASU should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is in the process of evaluating the effect of ASU 2023-07 on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (ASU 2023-09). ASU 2023-09 is intended to enhance the decision usefulness of income tax disclosures and requires the disclosure of various disaggregated information, including an entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on taxes paid. This ASU is effective on a prospective basis for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 with early adoption allowed. The Company is in the process of evaluating the effect of ASU 2023-09 on its consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company applies the provisions of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, which defines a single authoritative definition of fair value, sets out a framework for measuring fair value and expands on required disclosures about fair value measurements. The provisions of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement relate to financial assets and liabilities as well as other assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis. The standard clarifies that fair value is an exit price representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on

assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the standard establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in active exchange markets, or interest in open-end mutual funds that allow a company to sell its ownership interest back at net asset value on a daily basis. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets, liabilities, or funds.

Level 2Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in less active dealer, or broker markets, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities or quoted prices in markets that are not active. Level 2 instruments typically include U.S. Government and agency debt securities and corporate obligations. Valuations are usually obtained through market data of the investment itself as well as market transactions involving comparable assets, liabilities or funds.

Level 3Valuations for assets and liabilities that are derived from other valuation methodologies, such as option pricing models, discounted cash flow models or similar techniques, and not based on market exchange, dealer, or broker-traded transactions. Level 3 valuations incorporate certain assumptions and projections in determining the fair value assigned to such assets or liabilities.

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information and information about the financial or nonfinancial asset or liability.