Nature of Business and Organization and Basis of Presentation (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) applicable to interim reports. They include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and all other entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest, including the accounts of any Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) in which the Company has a controlling financial interest and for which it is the primary beneficiary.

These Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements do not include all disclosures that are normally included in annual audited financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, included in the Company’s Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC on August 21, 2023 (“Form 10-K/A”). Accordingly, the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022, has been derived from the Company’s annual audited Consolidated Financial Statements but does not contain all of the footnote disclosures from the annual financial statements. The Company believes that the disclosures included in this Form 10-Q are adequate to make the information presented not misleading.

In the opinion of management, the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contain all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of its financial position, its results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented. The accounting policies used in the preparation of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are the same as those disclosed in the audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, included in the Form 10-K/A, except as described below.

Our annual reporting period is the calendar year. The results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

Principles of Consolidation

All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions, which affect the reported amounts in the financial statements.

Estimates are based on historical experience, where applicable, and other assumptions which management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis management evaluates its estimates, including those related to the: (i) valuation of equity securities including warrants; (ii) recognition and disclosure of contingent liabilities, including litigation reserves; and (iii) fair value of related party notes payable and notes payable. Such estimates often require the selection of appropriate valuation methodologies and financial models and may involve significant judgment in evaluating ranges of assumptions and financial inputs. Actual results may differ from those estimates under different assumptions, financial inputs, or circumstances.

Given the global economic climate, estimates are subject to additional volatility. As of the date the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements were issued, the Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require it to update its estimates or judgments or to revise the carrying value of its assets or liabilities. However, these estimates and judgments may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained. Actual results could differ from these estimates and any such differences may have a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Automotive sales revenue was $0.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Services and other revenue was immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Automotive Sales Revenue

We began the production of our first vehicle the FF 91 Futurist (the “FF 91,” “FF 91 Futurist”, or “FF 91 2.0 Futurist Alliance”) in March 2023 and started making deliveries to customers in August 2023.

Automotive sales revenue includes revenues related to deliveries of new vehicles, and specific other features and services including home charger, charger installation, twenty-four-seven roadside assistance, over-the-air (“OTA”) software updates, internet connectivity and destination fees.

We recognize revenue on automotive sales upon delivery to the customer, which is when control of a vehicle transfers. Payments are typically received at the point control transfers or in accordance with payment terms customary to the business and as indicated in the sales contract. OTA software updates are provisioned upon transfer of control of a vehicle and recognized over time on a straight-line basis as we have a stand-ready obligation to deliver such services to the customer. For our obligations related to automotive sales, we estimate standalone selling price by considering costs used to develop and deliver the good or service, third-party pricing of similar options and other information that may be available. The transaction price is allocated among the performance obligations in proportion to the standalone selling price of our performance obligations. Our vehicle contracts do not contain a significant financing component.

Revenue from immaterial promises will be combined with the vehicle performance obligation and recognized when the product has been transferred. We accrue costs to transfer these immaterial goods and services regardless of whether they have been transferred.

The Company provides its customers with a residual value guarantee which may or may not be exercised in the future. The impact of such residual value guarantees was immaterial to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

We have entered into and may continue to enter into co-creator consulting agreements with our customers under which customers share feedback, driving data, ideas, experiences with our engineers, social media posts and other promotions in exchange for specified fees. We consider these arrangements consideration payable to a customer. The consideration paid to the customer relates to marketing and research and development services that are distinct and could be purchased by the Company from a separate third-party. We perform an analysis in which we maximize the use of observable market inputs to

ascribe a fair value to these services and record the fair value of these services to sales and marketing expense or research and development expense, as applicable. Any consideration payable to a customer that is above the fair value of the distinct services being provided is treated as a reduction of revenue.

Customer Deposits and Deferred Revenue

The Company’s customers may reserve a vehicle and preorder certain services by making a customer deposit, which is fully refundable at any time. Refundable deposits, for vehicle reservations and services, received from customers prior to an executed vehicle purchase agreement are recorded as customer deposits (Accrued expenses and other current liabilities).

Customer deposits were $3.3 million and $3.4 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. When vehicle purchase agreements are executed, the consideration for the vehicle and any accompanying products and services must be paid in advance prior to the transfer of products or services by the Company. Such advance payments are considered non-refundable, and the Company defers revenue related to any products or services that are not yet transferred.

Deferred revenue is equivalent to the total transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied, or partially unsatisfied, as of the balance sheet date. Deferred revenue related to products and services was immaterial as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.

Warranties

WarrantiesWe provide a manufacturer’s warranty on all vehicles sold. The warranty covers the rectification of reported defects via repair, replacement, or adjustment of faulty parts or components. The warranty does not cover any item where failure is due to normal wear and tear. This assurance-type warranty does not create a performance obligation separate from the vehicle. Management tracks warranty claims by vehicle ID, owner, and date. As we continue to manufacture and sell more vehicles we will reassess and evaluate our warranty claims for purposes of our warranty accrual.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of Revenue

Cost of automotive sales revenue includes direct and indirect materials, labor costs, manufacturing overhead, including depreciation costs of tooling and machinery, shipping and logistic costs, vehicle connectivity costs, and reserves for estimated warranty expenses. Cost of automotive sales revenues also includes adjustments to warranty expense.

Cost of services and other revenue includes costs associated with providing non-warranty after-sales services, costs for retail merchandise, and costs to provide vehicle insurance. Cost of services and other revenue also includes direct parts and material. Cost of services and other revenue was immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Inventory and Inventory Valuation

Inventory and Inventory Valuation

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value and consists of raw materials, work in progress, and finished goods. The Company primarily computes cost using standard cost, which approximates cost on the first-in, first-out basis. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price of inventory in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The Company assesses the valuation of inventory and periodically adjusts its value for estimated excess and obsolete inventory based upon expectations of future demand and market conditions, as well as damaged or otherwise impaired goods.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments are capitalized, while minor replacements, maintenance and repairs, which do not extend the assets

lives, are charged to operating expense as incurred. Upon sale or disposition, the cost and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and any gain or loss is included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

Depreciation and amortization on property and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets and for leasehold improvements, over the term of the lease, if shorter.

	Useful Life (in years)
Buildings	39
Building improvements	15
Computer hardware	5
Tooling, machinery, and equipment	5 to 10
Vehicles	5
Computer software	3
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of 15 years or term of the lease

Construction in progress (“CIP”) consists of the construction activities related to the FF ieFactory California plant and tooling, machinery and equipment being built to serve the manufacturing of production vehicles. These assets are capitalized and depreciated once put into service.

The amounts capitalized in CIP that are held at vendor sites relate to the completed portion of work-in-progress of tooling, machinery and equipment built based on the Company’s specific needs. The Company may incur storage fees or interest fees related to CIP which are expensed as incurred. CIP is presented within Property and Equipment, net on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews its long-lived assets, consisting primarily of property and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset (or asset groups) may not be recoverable. The Company performs impairment testing at the asset group level that represents the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. Recoverability of these assets is determined by comparing the forecasted undiscounted cash flows attributable to such assets, including any cash flows upon their eventual disposition, to the assets carrying values. If the carrying value of the assets exceeds the forecasted undiscounted cash flows, then the assets are written down to their fair value. Assets classified as held for sale are also assessed for impairment and such amounts are determined at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value, less costs to sell the asset. No impairment charges were recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

Effective January 1, 2023, stock-based compensation expense is reduced for forfeitures only when they occur. This change of accounting policy resulted in the recognition of a cumulative increase of prior stock-based compensation expenses totaling $1.8 million, which was recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Income Tax

Income Tax

The income tax provision (benefit) recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was immaterial. The difference in the Company’s effective tax rate from the federal statutory rate of 21% is primarily due to full domestic and international valuation allowances. The Company records a full valuation allowance to reflect limited benefits for income taxes in jurisdictions that historically reported losses and a provision for income taxes in jurisdictions that are profitable. The income tax provision for each period was the combined calculated tax expenses/benefits for various jurisdictions.

The Company is subject to taxation and files income tax returns with the U.S. federal government, the state of California and China. The Company’s income tax returns are open to examination by the relevant tax authorities until the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations, which is generally three years after the filing of the tax return. As of September 30, 2023, the Company is not under any tax audits on its income tax returns. All of the Company’s prior year tax returns, from 2016 through 2021, are open under Chinese tax law.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements to conform with the current presentation. Inventory and Finance lease right-of-use assets are now separately presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, as they were previously included in Other current assets and Property and equipment, net, respectively (see Note 4, Deposits and Other Current Assets and Note 5, Property and Equipment, Net). In addition, the Buildings and Leasehold improvements within Property and equipment, net (see Note 5, Property and Equipment, Net) have been combined, as they were previously presented separately. On the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, amortization of prepaid software costs is now presented in Changes in operating assets and liabilities instead of Depreciation and amortization expense, and Change in operating lease right-of-use assets is now separately presented instead of being combined with Depreciation and amortization expense.

Reverse Stock Split and Recasting of Per-Share Amounts

Reverse Stock Split and Recasting of Per-Share Amounts

On August 22, 2023, the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) approved the implementation of a 1-for-80 reverse stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”) and set the number of authorized shares of Common Stock to 154,437,500 (which is 12,355,000,000 divided by 80, the Reverse Stock Split ratio). The Reverse Stock Split was effected after market close on August 25, 2023, and shares of the Company’s Class A common stock par value $0.0001 per share (“Class A Common Stock”) and publicly traded warrants (the “Public Warrants”) began trading on a split-adjusted basis as of market open on August 28, 2023.

All shares of Common Stock, Public Warrants, stock-based compensation awards, earnout shares and per share amounts contained in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split. In addition, proportionate adjustments were made to the number of shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise or conversion of the Company’s outstanding convertible debt securities and warrants, as well as the applicable exercise or conversion prices. See Note 10, Stockholders' Equity , and Note 11, Stock-Based Compensation, for further discussion regarding the Reverse Stock Split.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

The Company applies the provisions of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, which defines a single authoritative definition of fair value, sets out a framework for measuring fair value and expands on required disclosures about fair value measurements. The provisions of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement relate to financial assets and liabilities as well as other assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis. The standard clarifies that fair value is an exit price representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the standard establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in active exchange markets, or interest in open-end mutual funds that allow a company to sell its ownership interest back at net asset value on a daily basis. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets, liabilities, or funds.

Level 2Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in less active dealer, or broker markets, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities or quoted prices in markets that are not active. Level 2 instruments typically include U.S. Government and agency debt securities and corporate obligations. Valuations are usually obtained through market data of the investment itself as well as market transactions involving comparable assets, liabilities or funds.

Level 3Valuations for assets and liabilities that are derived from other valuation methodologies, such as option pricing models, discounted cash flow models or similar techniques, and not based on market exchange, dealer, or broker-traded transactions. Level 3 valuations incorporate certain assumptions and projections in determining the fair value assigned to such assets or liabilities.

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information and information about the financial or nonfinancial asset or liability.