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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _______________ to _______________

Commission file number: 001-39432

Rocket Companies, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware84-4946470
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1050 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI
48226
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)

(313) 373-7990
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A common stock, par value $0.00001 per shareRKTNew York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer☒Accelerated filer☐
Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of November 2, 2022, 121,778,560 shares of the registrant's Class A common stock, $0.00001 par value, and 1,848,879,483 shares of the registrant's Class D common stock, $0.00001 par value, were outstanding.

1


Rocket Companies, Inc.
Form 10-Q
For the period ended September 30, 2022

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 6.













2


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
September 30,
2022		December 31,
2021
Assets(Unaudited)
Cash and cash equivalents$825,926 $2,131,174 
Restricted cash65,718 80,423 
Mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value9,123,110 19,323,568 
Interest rate lock commitments (“IRLCs”), at fair value7,743 538,861 
Mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”), at fair value7,260,066 5,385,613 
Notes receivable and due from affiliates11,179 9,753 
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $616,332 and $567,406, respectively
274,480 254,376 
Deferred tax asset, net513,515 572,049 
Lease right of use assets381,232 427,895 
Forward commitments, at fair value690,396 17,337 
Loans subject to repurchase right from Ginnie Mae1,471,823 1,918,032 
Other assets1,975,414 2,115,814 
Total assets$22,600,602 $32,774,895 
Liabilities and equity
Liabilities
Funding facilities4,909,369 $12,751,592 
Other financing facilities and debt
Lines of credit— 75,000 
Senior Notes, net4,026,600 4,022,491 
Early buy out facility814,458 1,896,784 
Accounts payable203,832 271,544 
Lease liabilities439,171 482,184 
Forward commitments, at fair value84,699 19,911 
Investor reserves106,217 78,888 
Notes payable and due to affiliates30,465 33,650 
Tax receivable agreement liability623,498 688,573 
Loans subject to repurchase right from Ginnie Mae1,471,823 1,918,032 
Other liabilities979,210 776,714 
Total liabilities$13,689,342 $23,015,363 
Equity
Class A common stock, $0.00001 par value - 10,000,000,000 shares authorized, 121,386,911 and 126,437,703 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
$1 $1 
Class B common stock, $0.00001 par value - 6,000,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
— — 
Class C common stock, $0.00001 par value - 6,000,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
— — 
Class D common stock, $0.00001 par value - 6,000,000,000 shares authorized, 1,848,879,483 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
19 19 
Additional paid-in capital242,074 287,558 
Retained earnings316,381 378,005 
Accumulated other comprehensive income58 81 
Non-controlling interest8,352,727 9,093,868 
Total equity8,911,260 9,759,532 
Total liabilities and equity$22,600,602 $32,774,895 
See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
3


Rocket Companies, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Revenue
Gain on sale of loans
Gain on sale of loans excluding fair value of MSRs, net$139,733 $1,746,971 $1,174,268 $5,610,627 
Fair value of originated MSRs426,278 907,242 1,682,366 2,937,517 
Gain on sale of loans, net566,011 2,654,213 2,856,634 8,548,144 
Loan servicing income (loss)
Servicing fee income364,211 334,348 1,088,004 970,058 
Change in fair value of MSRs150,304 (341,361)592,162 (556,201)
Loan servicing income (loss)514,515 (7,013)1,680,166 413,857 
Interest income
Interest income95,753 129,963 265,490 311,853 
Interest expense on funding facilities(46,173)(72,778)(130,576)(205,000)
Interest income, net49,580 57,185 134,914 106,853 
Other income164,580 410,345 685,987 1,252,845 
Total revenue, net1,294,686 3,114,730 5,357,701 10,321,699 
Expenses
Salaries, commissions and team member benefits670,804 870,010 2,278,844 2,552,679 
General and administrative expenses204,290 313,405 709,853 867,639 
Marketing and advertising expenses210,701 316,471 770,281 943,999 
Depreciation and amortization24,211 19,577 70,033 55,470 
Interest and amortization expense on non-funding debt38,317 34,163 115,263 104,772 
Other expenses40,008 135,415 166,098 467,584 
Total expenses1,188,331 1,689,041 4,110,372 4,992,143 
Income before income taxes106,355 1,425,689 1,247,329 5,329,556 
Provision for income taxes(10,131)(32,830)(54,741)(122,709)
Net income96,224 1,392,859 1,192,588 5,206,847 
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest(89,314)(1,317,522)(1,128,551)(4,946,688)
Net income attributable to Rocket Companies$6,910 $75,337 $64,037 $260,159 
Earnings per share of Class A common stock
Basic$0.06 $0.55 $0.53 2.00 
Diluted$0.04 $0.54 $0.47 2.00 
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic119,020,520 137,664,471 120,156,494 129,902,253 
Diluted1,970,665,767 1,990,828,351 1,972,263,268 135,392,670 
Comprehensive income
Net income$96,224 $1,392,859 $1,192,588 $5,206,847 
Cumulative translation adjustment(990)(995)(1,081)(194)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities2,270 (3,639)516 (3,475)
Comprehensive income97,504 1,388,225 1,192,023 5,203,178 
Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest(90,513)(1,313,201)(1,128,016)(4,943,273)
Comprehensive income attributable to Rocket Companies$6,991 $75,024 $64,007 $259,905 
See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
4
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
Class A Common
Stock Shares		Class A Common
Stock Amount		Class D Common
Stock Shares		Class D Common
Stock Amount		Additional
Paid-in Capital		Retained
Earnings		Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)		Total
Non-controlling
Interest		Total
Equity
Balance, December 31, 2020115,372,565 $1 1,869,079,483 $19 $282,743 $207,422 $317 $7,391,654 $7,882,156 
Net income— — — — — 123,702 — 2,653,636 2,777,338 
Cumulative translation adjustment— — — — — — 14 293 307 
Unrealized loss on investment securities— — — — — — (21)(343)(364)
Share-based compensation, net2,300 — — — 2,116 — — 37,033 39,149 
Distributions for state taxes on behalf of unit holders (members), net— — — — — (281)— (4,559)(4,840)
Distributions to unit holders (members) from subsidiary investment, net— — — — — — — (2,242,999)(2,242,999)
Special Dividend to Class A Shareholders— — — — — (145,903)— — (145,903)
Change in controlling interest of investment, net20,200,000 — (20,200,000)— 85,351 (1)55 (84,420)985 
Balance, March 31, 2021135,574,865 $1 1,848,879,483 $19 $370,210 $184,939 $365 $7,750,295 $8,305,829 
Net income— — — — — 61,120 — 975,530 1,036,650 
Cumulative translation adjustment— — — — — — 29 465 494 
Unrealized gain on investment securities— — — — — — 36 491 527 
Share-based compensation, net4,177 — — — 2,621 — — 35,622 38,243 
Distributions for state taxes on behalf of unit holders (members), net— — — — — (1,346)— (18,255)(19,601)
Distributions to unit holders (members) from subsidiary investment, net— — — — — — — (1,188,294)(1,188,294)
Special Dividend to Class A Shareholders— — — — — 211 — 111 322 
Pushdown of dividend equivalent— — — — — 16,427 — (16,427)— 
Issuance of Class A Common Shares under stock compensation and benefit plans896,701 — — — 1,369 — — 18,582 19,951 
Repurchase of Class A Common Shares(496,829)— — — (8,313)— — — (8,313)
Increase in controlling interest of investment, net of income taxes and Tax receivable agreement liability— — — — (1,971)— 1 1,970 — 
Balance, June 30, 2021135,978,914 $1 1,848,879,483 $19 $363,916 $261,351 $431 $7,560,090 $8,185,808 
Net income— — — — — 75,337 — 1,317,522 1,392,859 
Cumulative translation adjustment— — — — — — (59)(936)(995)
Unrealized loss on investment securities— — — — — — (253)(3,386)(3,639)
Share-based compensation, net2,508,497 — — — 2,654 — — 35,656 38,310 
Distributions for state taxes on behalf of unit holders (members), net— — — — — (118)— (1,594)(1,712)
Distributions to unit holders (members) from subsidiary investment, net— — — — — — — (393,463)(393,463)
Dividend adjustments from forfeited restricted stock units— — — — — 24 — 312 336 
Taxes withheld on employees' restricted share award vesting— — — — (877)— — (11,706)(12,583)
Issuance of Class A Common Shares under stock compensation and benefit plans947,358 — — — 1,135 — — 15,328 16,463 
Repurchase of Class A Common Shares(2,067,341)— — — (35,572)— — — (35,572)
Change in controlling interest of investment, net— — — — 36,604 — 5 (36,609)— 
Balance, September 30, 2021137,367,428 $1 1,848,879,483 $19 $367,860 $336,594 $124 $8,481,214 $9,185,812 
See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
5
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
Class A Common
Stock Shares		Class A Common
Stock Amount		Class D Common
Stock Shares		Class D Common
Stock Amount		Additional
Paid-in Capital		Retained
Earnings		Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)		Total
Non-controlling
Interest		Total
Equity
Balance, December 31, 2021126,437,703 $1 1,848,879,483 $19 $287,558 $378,005 $81 $9,093,868 $9,759,532 
Net income— — — — — 53,712 — 982,896 1,036,608 
Cumulative translation adjustment— — — — — — 31 557 588 
Unrealized loss on investment securities— — — — — — (92)(1,403)(1,495)
Share-based compensation, net186,891 — — — 3,288 — — 50,093 53,381 
Distributions for state taxes on behalf of unit holders (members), net— — — — — (2,171)— (33,536)(35,707)
Distributions to unit holders (members) from subsidiary investment, net— — — — 725 — — (1,856,575)(1,855,850)
Special Dividend to Class A Shareholders— — — — — (123,752)— (31,830)(155,582)
Taxes withheld on employees' restricted share award vesting— — — — (77)— — (1,220)(1,297)
Issuance of Class A common Shares under stock compensation and benefit plans1,018,875 — — — 930 — — 12,743 13,673 
Repurchase of Class A common Shares(8,016,465)— — — (100,162)— — — (100,162)
Change in controlling interest of investment, net— — — — 49,196 — 2 (61,591)(12,393)
Balance, March 31, 2022119,627,004 $1 1,848,879,483 $19 $241,458 $305,794 $22 $8,154,002 $8,701,296 
Net income— — — — — 3,415 — 56,341 59,756 
Cumulative translation adjustment— — — — — — (34)(645)(679)
Unrealized loss on investment securities— — — — — — (16)(243)(259)
Share-based compensation, net721,224 — — — 4,089 — — 50,596 54,685 
Distributions for state taxes on behalf of unit holders (members), net— — — — — (385)— (6,069)(6,454)
Special Dividend to Class A Shareholders— — — — — 80 — 1,249 1,329 
Taxes withheld on employees' restricted share award vesting— — — — (9)— — (2,833)(2,842)
Issuance of Class A common Shares under stock compensation and benefit plans1,456,798 — — — 824 — — 12,855 13,679 
Repurchase of Class A common Shares(5,471,600)— — — (45,280)— — — (45,280)
Change in controlling interest of investment, net— — — — 24,620 — 2 (27,650)(3,028)
Balance, June 30, 2022116,333,426 $1 1,848,879,483 $19 $225,702 $308,904 $(26)$8,237,603 $8,772,203 
Net income— — — — — 6,910 — 89,314 96,224 
Cumulative translation adjustment— — — — — — (52)(938)(990)
Unrealized gain on investment securities— — — — — — 133 2,137 2,270 
Share-based compensation, net6,484,334 — — — 3,341 — — 51,924 55,265 
Distributions for state taxes on behalf of unit holders (members), net— — — — — 573 — 8,725 9,298 
Contributions from unit holders (members) from subsidiary investment, net— — — — (7)— — 24,722 24,715 
Special Dividend to Class A Shareholders— — — — — (6)— (79)(85)
Taxes withheld on employees' restricted share award vesting— — — — (1,682)— — (25,718)(27,400)
Issuance of Class A common Shares under stock compensation and benefit plans1,032,558 — — — 516 — — 8,259 8,775 
Repurchase of Class A common Shares(2,463,407)— — — (20,558)— — — (20,558)
Change in controlling interest of investment, net— — — — 34,762 — 3 (43,222)(8,457)
Balance, September 30, 2022121,386,911 $1 1,848,879,483 $19 $242,074 $316,381 $58 $8,352,727 $8,911,260 

See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
6

Rocket Companies, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20222021
Operating activities
Net income $1,192,588 $5,206,847 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization70,033 55,470 
Provision for deferred income taxes35,768 54,817 
Origination of mortgage servicing rights(1,682,366)(2,937,517)
Change in fair value of MSRs, net(683,001)488,178 
Gain on sale of loans excluding fair value of MSRs, net(1,174,268)(5,610,627)
Disbursements of mortgage loans held for sale(115,269,087)(275,516,411)
Proceeds from sale of loans held for sale126,623,671 281,142,607 
Share-based compensation expense168,380 123,873 
Change in assets and liabilities
Due from affiliates(1,426)12,501 
Other assets134,652 (72,025)
Accounts payable(67,712)95,328 
Due to affiliates(4,442)(44,541)
Premium recapture and indemnification losses paid(10,213)772 
Other liabilities272,307 337,907 
Total adjustments$8,412,296 $(1,869,668)
Net cash provided by operating activities$9,604,884 $3,337,179 
Investing activities
Proceeds from sale of MSRs$473,971 $665,901 
Net purchase of MSRs(18,640)(34,817)
Decrease (increase) in mortgage loans held for investment14,796 (25,380)
Purchase and other additions of property and equipment, net of disposals(87,958)(98,549)
Net cash provided by investing activities$382,169 $507,155 
Financing activities
Net payments on funding facilities$(7,842,222)$(1,119,542)
Net payments on lines of credit(75,000)(300,000)
Net (payments) borrowings on early buy out facility(1,082,326)1,889,053 
Net borrowings on notes payable from unconsolidated affiliates1,257 537 
Proceeds from MSRs financing liability— 21,635 
Stock issuance31,316 28,778 
Share repurchase(166,000)(43,885)
Taxes withheld on employees' restricted share award vesting(31,539)(12,583)
Distributions to other unit holders (members) of Holdings, net(2,141,411)(3,982,591)
Net cash used in financing activities$(11,305,925)$(3,518,598)
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(1,081)(194)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash(1,319,953)325,542 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period2,211,597 2,054,103 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$891,644 $2,379,645 
Non-cash activities
Loans transferred to other real estate owned$1,075 $1,023 
Supplemental disclosures
Cash paid for interest on related party borrowings$4,061 $3,330 

See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
7
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share)

1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies

Rocket Companies, Inc. (the "Company", and together with its consolidated subsidiaries, "Rocket Companies", "we", "us", "our") was incorporated in Delaware on February 26, 2020 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Rock Holdings Inc. ("RHI") for the purpose of facilitating an initial public offering ("IPO") of its Class A common stock, $0.00001 par value (the “Class A common stock”) and other related transactions in order to carry on the business of RKT Holdings, LLC ("Holdings") and its wholly owned subsidiaries.

We are a Detroit-based FinTech holding company consisting of tech-driven real estate, mortgage and financial services businesses. We are committed to providing an industry-leading client experience powered by our simple, fast and trusted digital solutions. In addition to Rocket Mortgage, one of the nation’s largest mortgage lenders, we have expanded into complementary industries, such as real estate services, personal lending, auto sales, solar, and personal finance. Through these industries, we seek to deliver innovative client solutions leveraging our Rocket platform. Our business operations are organized into the following two segments: (1) Direct to Consumer and (2) Partner Network, refer to Note 11, Segments.

Rocket Companies, Inc. is a holding company. Its primary material asset is the equity interest in Holdings which, including through its direct and indirect subsidiaries, conducts a majority of the Company's operations. Holdings is a Michigan limited liability company and wholly owns the following entities, with each entity's subsidiaries identified in parentheses: Rocket Mortgage, LLC, Amrock Holdings, LLC (“Amrock”, "Amrock Title Insurance Company" ("ATI") and "Nexsys Technologies LLC"), LMB HoldCo LLC (“Core Digital Media”), RCRA Holdings LLC (“Rock Connections” and “Rocket Auto”), Rocket Homes Real Estate LLC (“Rocket Homes”), RockLoans Holdings LLC (“Rocket Loans” and "Rocket Solar"), Rock Central LLC dba Rocket Central ("Rocket Money, Inc."), EFB Holdings Inc. (“Rocket Mortgage Canada”), Lendesk Canada Holdings Inc. ("Lendesk Technologies"), RockTech Canada Inc., and Woodward Capital Management LLC. As used herein, “Rocket Mortgage” refers to either the Rocket Mortgage brand or platform, or the Rocket Mortgage business, as the context allows.

Edison Financial ULC, changed its name to "Rocket Mortgage Canada ULC", effective as of July 12, 2022.

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

As the sole managing member of Holdings, the Company operates and controls all of the business affairs of Holdings, and through Holdings and its subsidiaries, conducts its business. Holdings is considered a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and we consolidate the financial results of Holdings under the guidance of ASC 810, Consolidation. A portion of our Net income is allocated to Net income attributable to non-controlling interest. For further details, refer below to Variable Interest Entities and Note 12, Non-controlling Interests.

All significant intercompany transactions and accounts between the businesses comprising the Company have been eliminated in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

The Company's derivatives, IRLCs, mortgage loans held for sale, MSRs, and investments are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, other assets may be required to be measured at fair value in the consolidated financial statements on a nonrecurring basis. Examples of such measurements are mortgage loans transferred between held for investment and held for sale, certain impaired loans, and other real estate owned. For further details of the Company's transactions refer to Note 2, Fair Value Measurements.

All transactions and accounts between RHI and other related parties with the Company have a history of settlement or will be settled for cash and are reflected as related party transactions. For further details of the Company’s related party transactions refer to Note 6, Transactions with Related Parties.

8
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
Our condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and presented in U.S. dollars. They have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The interim financial information should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC. In our opinion, these condensed consolidated financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair statement of our results of operations, financial position and cash flows for the periods presented. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period financial statement presentation. However, our results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full fiscal year or for any other future period.

Rocket Money (formerly known as Truebill) Acquisition

On December 23, 2021, we completed the acquisition of Truebill, Inc. (“Rocket Money Acquisition”) for total cash consideration of approximately $1.2 billion. The Rocket Money Acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under ASC 805, Business Combinations. The purchase price allocation was completed in the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there was approximately $1.1 billion of goodwill recorded in Other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For purposes of the annual impairment assessment, goodwill was allocated to two reporting units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the acquisition, which includes one reporting unit in the Direct to Consumer reportable segment and one reporting unit that is not significant individually or in the aggregate to constitute a reportable segment. As a result, the allocated goodwill remains in the “All Other” category. Goodwill attributable to the Rocket Money Acquisition is not deductible for tax purposes.

Management Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Although management is not currently aware of any factors that would significantly change its estimates and assumptions, actual results may differ from these estimates.

Subsequent Events

In preparing these condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company evaluated events and transactions for potential recognition or disclosure through the date these condensed consolidated financial statements were issued. Refer to Note 5, Borrowings for disclosures on changes to the Company’s debt agreements that occurred subsequent to September 30, 2022.

Share Repurchase Authorization

On November 1, 2022, the Company's board of directors approved a share repurchase program effective November 11, 2022. The share repurchase program renews and extends the previously approved share repurchase program and authorizes the Company to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock in an aggregate value, not to exceed $1 billion, from time to time, in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions, in accordance with applicable securities laws. The share repurchase program will remain in effect for a two-year period terminating in November 2024. The share repurchase program does not obligate the Company to make any repurchases at any specific time. The timing and extent to which the Company repurchases its shares will depend upon, among other things, market conditions, share price, liquidity targets, regulatory requirements and other factors.

Special Dividends

On February 24, 2022, our board of directors authorized and declared a cash dividend (the "2022 Special Dividend") of $1.01 per share to the holders of our Class A common stock. The 2022 Special Dividend was paid on March 22, 2022 to holders of the Class A common stock of record as of the close of business on March 8, 2022. The Company funded the 2022 Special Dividend from cash distributions of approximately $2.0 billion by Holdings to all of its members, including the Company.

9
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
On February 25, 2021, our board of directors authorized and declared a cash dividend (the "2021 Special Dividend") of $1.11 per share to the holders of our Class A common stock. The 2021 Special Dividend was paid on March 23, 2021 to holders of the Class A common stock of record as of the close of business on March 9, 2021. The Company funded the 2021 Special Dividend from cash distributions of approximately $2.2 billion by Holdings to all of its members, including the Company.

Revenue Recognition

Gain on sale of loans, net — includes all components related to the origination and sale of mortgage loans, including (1) net gain on sale of loans, which represents the premium we receive in excess of the loan principal amount and certain fees charged by investors upon sale of loans into the secondary market, (2) loan origination fees (credits), points and certain costs, (3) provision for or benefit from investor reserves, (4) the change in fair value of interest rate locks and loans held for sale, (5) the gain or loss on forward commitments hedging loans held for sale and interest rate lock commitments (IRLCs), and (6) the fair value of originated MSRs. An estimate of the Gain on sale of loans, net is recognized at the time an IRLC is issued, net of a pull-through factor. Subsequent changes in the fair value of IRLCs and mortgage loans held for sale are recognized in current period earnings. When the mortgage loan is sold into the secondary market, any difference between the proceeds received and the current fair value of the loan is recognized in current period earnings in Gain on sale of loans, net. Included in Gain on sale of loans, net is the Fair value of originated MSRs, which represents the estimated fair value of MSRs related to loans which we have sold and retained the right to service. Refer to Note 3, Mortgage Servicing Rights for information related to the Total changes in fair value of MSRs.

Loan servicing income (loss) — includes income from servicing, sub-servicing and ancillary fees, and is recorded to income as earned, which is upon collection of payments from borrowers. This amount also includes the Change in fair value of MSRs, which is the adjustment for the fair value measurement of the MSR asset as of the respective balance sheet date.

Interest income, net — includes interest earned on mortgage loans held for sale and mortgage loans held for investment net of the interest expense paid on our loan funding facilities. Interest income is recorded as earned and interest expense is recorded as incurred.

Other income — is derived primarily from closing fees, net appraisal revenue, net title insurance fees and personal finance, real estate network referral fees, contact center revenue, personal loans business, professional service fees, and lead generation revenue.

The following revenue streams fall within the scope of ASC Topic 606—Revenue from Contracts with Customers and are disaggregated hereunder:

Amrock closing fees — The Company recognizes closing fees for non-recurring services provided in connection with the origination of the loan. These fees are recognized at the time of loan closing for purchase transactions or at the end of a client's three-day rescission period for refinance transactions, which represents the point in time the loan closing services performance obligation is satisfied. The consideration received for closing services is a fixed fee per loan that varies by state and loan type. Closing fees were $24,534 and $120,381 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively and $139,441 and $395,509 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Amrock appraisal revenue, net — The Company recognizes appraisal revenue when the appraisal service is completed. The Company may choose to deliver appraisal services directly to its client or subcontract such services to a third-party licensed and/or certified appraiser. In instances where the Company performs the appraisal, revenue is recognized as the gross amount of consideration received at a fixed price per appraisal. The Company is an agent in instances where a third-party appraiser is involved in the delivery of appraisal services and revenue is recognized net of third-party appraisal expenses. Appraisal revenue, net was $14,946 and $23,222 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively and $52,262 and $68,792 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

10
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
Rocket Money (formerly known as Truebill) subscription revenue — The Company recognizes subscription revenue ratably over the contract term beginning on the commencement date of each contract. We have determined that subscriptions represent a stand-ready obligation to perform over the subscription term. These performance obligations are satisfied over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits. Contracts are one month to one year in length. Subscription revenues were $32,649 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and $84,578 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Rocket Homes real estate network referral fees — The Company recognizes real estate network referral fee revenue based on arrangements with partner agencies contingent on the closing of a transaction. As this revenue stream is variable, and is contingent on the successful transaction close, the revenue is constrained until the occurrence of the transaction. At this point, the constraint on recognizing revenue is deemed to have been lifted and revenue is recognized for the consideration expected to be received. Real estate network referral fees, net of intercompany eliminations, were $12,647 and $16,068 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively and $38,916 and $39,778 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Rock Connections and Rocket Auto contact center revenue — The Company recognizes contact center revenue for communication services including client support and sales. Consideration received mainly includes a fixed base fee and/or a variable contingent fee. The fixed base fee is recognized ratably over the period of performance, as the performance obligation is considered to be satisfied equally throughout the service period. The variable contingent fee related to car sales is constrained until the sale of the car is completed. Contact center revenues, net of intercompany eliminations, were $2,349 and $10,847 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively and $15,506 and $34,769 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Professional service fees — The Company recognizes professional service fee revenue based on the delivery of services (e.g., human resources, technology, training) over the term of a contract. Consideration for the promised services is received through a combination of a fixed fee for the period and incremental fees paid for optional services that are available at an incremental rate determined at the time such services are requested. The Company recognizes the annual fee ratably over the life of the contract, as the performance obligation is satisfied equally over the term of the contract. For the optional services, revenue is only recognized at the time the services are requested and delivered and pricing is agreed upon. Professional service fee revenues were $3,030 and $3,434 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively and $9,140 and $10,181 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. All professional service fee revenues were rendered entirely to related parties.

Core Digital Media lead generation revenue — The Company recognizes online consumer acquisition revenue based on successful delivery of marketing leads to a client at a fixed fee per lead. This service is satisfied at the time the lead is delivered, at which time revenue for the service is recognized. Online consumer acquisition revenue, net of intercompany eliminations, were $1,392 and $7,784 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively and $8,306 and $22,549 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. We maintain our bank accounts with a relatively small number of high-quality financial institutions.

Restricted cash as of September 30, 2022 and 2021 consisted of cash on deposit for a repurchase facility and client application deposits, title premiums collected from the insured that are due to the underwritten, principal and interest received in collection accounts for purchased assets, and a $25,000 bond.

September 30,
20222021
Cash and cash equivalents$825,926 $2,233,667 
Restricted cash65,718 145,978 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash in the statement of cash flows$891,644 $2,379,645 

11
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
Loans subject to repurchase right from Ginnie Mae

As the servicer for loans sold to Ginnie Mae, the Company has the unilateral right to repurchase any individual loan in a Ginnie Mae securitization pool if that loan meets defined criteria, including being delinquent more than 90 days. Once the Company has the unilateral right to repurchase the delinquent loan, the Company has effectively regained control over the loan and must re-recognize the loan on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and establish a corresponding finance liability regardless of the Company's intention to repurchase the loan. The asset and corresponding liability are recorded at the unpaid principal balance of the loan, which approximates its fair value.

Variable Interest Entities

Rocket Companies, Inc. is the managing member of Holdings with 100% of the management and voting power in Holdings. In its capacity as managing member, Rocket Companies, Inc. has the sole authority to make decisions on behalf of Holdings and bind Holdings to signed agreements. Further, Holdings maintains separate capital accounts for its investors as a mechanism for tracking earnings and subsequent distribution rights. Accordingly, management concluded that Holdings is a limited partnership or similar legal entity as contemplated in ASC 810, Consolidation.

Furthermore, management concluded that Rocket Companies, Inc. is Holdings’ primary beneficiary. As the primary beneficiary, Rocket Companies, Inc. consolidates the results and operations of Holdings for financial reporting purposes under the variable interest consolidation model guidance in ASC 810.

Rocket Companies, Inc.'s relationship with Holdings results in no recourse to the general credit of Rocket Companies, Inc. Holdings and its consolidated subsidiaries represents Rocket Companies, Inc.'s sole investment. Rocket Companies, Inc. shares in the income and losses of Holdings in direct proportion to Rocket Companies, Inc.'s ownership percentage. Further, Rocket Companies, Inc. has no contractual requirement to provide financial support to Holdings.

Rocket Companies, Inc.’s financial position, performance and cash flows effectively represent those of Holdings and its subsidiaries as of and for the period ended September 30, 2022.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

There are no recently issued accounting pronouncements adopted for the period.

2. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the price that would be received if an asset were sold or the price that would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between willing market participants at the measurement date. Required disclosures include classification of fair value measurements within a three-level hierarchy (Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3). Classification of a fair value measurement within the hierarchy is dependent on the classification and significance of the inputs used to determine the fair value measurement. Observable inputs are those that are observed, implied from, or corroborated with externally available market information. Unobservable inputs represent the Company’s estimates of market participants’ assumptions.

Fair value measurements are classified in the following manner:

Level 1—Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

Level 2—Valuation is based on either observable prices for identical assets or liabilities in inactive markets, observable prices for similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are derived directly from, or through correlation to, observable market data at the measurement date.

Level 3—Valuation is based on the Company’s internal models using assumptions at the measurement date that a market participant would use.

12
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
In determining fair value measurement, the Company uses observable inputs whenever possible. The level of a fair value measurement within the hierarchy is dependent on the lowest level of input that has a significant impact on the measurement as a whole. If quoted market prices are available at the measurement date or are available for similar instruments, such prices are used in the measurements. If observable market data is not available at the measurement date, judgment is required to measure fair value.

The following is a description of measurement techniques for items recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. There were no material items recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

Mortgage loans held for sale: Loans held for sale that trade in active secondary markets are valued using Level 2 measurements derived from observable market data, including market prices of securities backed by similar mortgage loans adjusted for certain factors to approximate the fair value of a whole mortgage loan, including the value attributable to mortgage servicing and credit risk. Loans held for sale for which there is little to no observable trading activity of similar instruments are valued using Level 3 measurements based upon dealer price quotes and internal models.

IRLCs: The fair value of IRLCs is based on current market prices of securities backed by similar mortgage loans (as determined above under mortgage loans held for sale), net of costs to close the loans, subject to the estimated loan funding probability, or “pull-through factor”. Given the significant and unobservable nature of the pull-through factor, IRLCs are classified as Level 3.

MSRs: The fair value of MSRs is determined using an internal valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated net future cash flows. The model includes estimates of prepayment speeds, discount rate, cost to service, float earnings, contractual servicing fee income, and ancillary income among others. MSRs are classified as Level 3.

Forward commitments: The Company’s forward commitments are valued based on quoted prices for similar assets in an active market with inputs that are observable and are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The table below shows a summary of financial statement items that are measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis, including assets measured under the fair value option. There were no material transfers of assets or liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis between Levels 1, 2 or 3 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 or the year ended December 31, 2021.

13
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Balance at September 30, 2022
Assets:
Mortgage loans held for sale$— $7,911,451 $1,211,659 $9,123,110 
IRLCs— — 7,743 7,743 
MSRs— — 7,260,066 7,260,066 
Forward commitments— 690,396 — 690,396 
Total assets$— $8,601,847 $8,479,468 $17,081,315 
Liabilities:
Forward commitments$— $84,699 $— $84,699 
Total liabilities$— $84,699 $— $84,699 
Balance at December 31, 2021
Assets:
Mortgage loans held for sale$— $17,014,202 $2,309,366 $19,323,568 
IRLCs— — 538,861 538,861 
MSRs— — 5,385,613 5,385,613 
Forward commitments— 17,337 — 17,337 
Total assets$— $17,031,539 $8,233,840 $25,265,379 
Liabilities:
Forward commitments$— $19,911 $— $19,911 
Total liabilities$— $19,911 $— $19,911 

The following tables present the quantitative information about recurring Level 3 fair value financial instruments and the fair value measurements as of:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Unobservable InputRangeWeighted AverageRangeWeighted Average
Mortgage loans held for sale
Dealer pricing
68% - 97%
95 %
89% - 103%
99 %
IRLCs
Loan funding probability
0% - 100%
70 %
0% - 100%
78 %
MSRs
Discount rate
9.0% - 12.0%
9.4 %
9.0% - 12.0%
9.5 %
Conditional prepayment rate
6.2% - 8.6%
6.9 %
6.8% - 36.9%
8.7 %
The table below presents a reconciliation of Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. Mortgage servicing rights are also classified as a Level 3 asset measured at fair value on a recurring basis and its reconciliation is found in Note 3, Mortgage Servicing Rights.
14
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
Loans Held for SaleIRLCs
Balance at June 30, 2022
$1,557,784 $309,497 
Transfers in (1)197,851 — 
Transfers out/principal reductions (1)(481,878)— 
Net transfers and revaluation losses— (301,754)
Total losses included in net income(62,098)— 
Balance at September 30, 2022$1,211,659 $7,743 
Balance at June 30, 2021
$2,579,313 $907,978 
Transfers in (1)461,014 — 
Transfers out/principal reductions (1)(378,302)— 
Net transfers and revaluation losses— (113,720)
Total gains included in net income2,376 — 
Balance at September 30, 2021$2,664,401 $794,258 
Balance at December 31, 2021$2,309,366 $538,861 
Transfers in (1)1,020,274 — 
Transfers out/principal reductions (1)(1,963,939)— 
Net transfers and revaluation losses— (531,118)
Total losses included in net income(154,042)— 
Balance at September 30, 2022$1,211,659 $7,743 
Balance at December 31, 2020$579,666 $1,897,194 
Transfers in (1)3,244,577 — 
Transfers out/principal reductions (1)(1,159,712)— 
Net transfers and revaluation losses— (1,102,936)
Total losses included in net income(130)— 
Balance at September 30, 2021$2,664,401 $794,258 
(1)    Transfers in represent loans repurchased from investors or loans originated for which an active market currently does not exist. Transfers out primarily represent loans sold to third parties and loans paid in full.

Fair Value Option

The following is the estimated fair value and unpaid principal balance (“UPB”) of mortgage loans held for sale that have contractual principal amounts and for which the Company has elected the fair value option. The fair value option was elected for mortgage loans held for sale as the Company believes fair value best reflects their expected future economic performance:
Fair ValuePrincipal Amount Due Upon MaturityDifference (1)
Balance at September 30, 2022$9,123,110 $9,518,578 $(395,468)
Balance at December 31, 2021$19,323,568 $19,018,552 $305,016 
(1)    Represents the amount of gains (losses) included in Gain on sale of loans, net due to changes in fair value of items accounted for using the fair value option.

Disclosures of the fair value of certain financial instruments are required when it is practical to estimate the value. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques.

15
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair value of financial liabilities that are not recorded at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis. This table excludes cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, warehouse borrowings, and line of credit borrowing facilities as these financial instruments are highly liquid or short-term in nature and as a result, their carrying amounts approximate fair value:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Carrying AmountEstimated Fair ValueCarrying AmountEstimated Fair Value
Senior Notes, due 10/15/2026$1,140,860 $945,599 $1,139,146 $1,151,932 
Senior Notes, due 1/15/202861,297 51,882 61,197 64,251 
Senior Notes, due 3/1/2029743,564 572,318 742,812 752,805 
Senior Notes, due 3/1/20311,238,620 912,813 1,237,605 1,273,675 
Senior Notes, due 10/15/2033842,259 581,018 841,731 857,718 
Total Senior Notes, net$4,026,600 $3,063,630 $4,022,491 $4,100,381 

The fair value of Senior Notes was calculated using the observable bond price at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The Senior Notes are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

3. Mortgage Servicing Rights

Mortgage servicing rights are recognized as assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets when loans are sold, and the associated servicing rights are retained. The Company maintains one class of MSRs asset and has elected the fair value option. These MSRs are recorded at fair value, which is determined using an internal valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing fee income. The model includes estimates of prepayment speeds, discount rate, cost to service, float earnings, contractual servicing fee income, and ancillary income and late fees, among others.

The following table summarizes changes to the MSR assets for the three and nine months ended:

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Fair value, beginning of period$6,657,758 $4,644,172 $5,385,613 $2,862,685 
MSRs originated426,278 907,242 1,682,366 2,937,517 
MSRs sales— (572,218)(474,022)(671,278)
MSRs purchases— 38,281 — 38,281 
Changes in fair value:
Due to changes in valuation model inputs or assumptions (1)432,211 (16,123)1,484,039 426,111 
Due to collection/realization of cash flows(256,181)(300,309)(817,930)(892,271)
Total changes in fair value176,030 (316,432)666,109 (466,160)
Fair value, end of period$7,260,066 $4,701,045 $7,260,066 $4,701,045 

(1)    Reflects changes in assumptions including discount rates and prepayment speed assumptions, mostly due to changes in market interest rates. Does not include the change in fair value of derivatives that economically hedge MSRs identified for sale or the effects of contractual prepayment protection resulting from sales of MSRs.

The total UPB of mortgage loans serviced, excluding subserviced loans, at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $495,614,634 and $485,087,214, respectively. The portfolio primarily consists of high-quality performing agency and government (FHA and VA) loans. As of September 30, 2022, delinquent loans (defined as 60-plus days past-due) were 1.11% of our total portfolio. Excluding clients in COVID-19 related forbearance plans, our delinquent loans (defined as 60-plus days past-due) were 0.76% as of September 30, 2022.

16
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
The following is a summary of the weighted average discount rate and prepayment speed assumptions used to determine the fair value of MSRs as well as the expected life of the loans in the servicing portfolio:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Discount rate9.4 %9.5 %
Prepayment speeds6.9 %8.7 %
Life (in years)8.107.25

The key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of MSRs are prepayment speeds and the discount rate. Increases in prepayment speeds generally have an adverse effect on the value of MSRs as the underlying loans prepay faster. In a declining interest rate environment, the fair value of MSRs generally decreases as prepayments increase and therefore, the estimated life of the MSRs and related cash flows decrease. Decreases in prepayment speeds generally have a positive effect on the value of MSRs as the underlying loans prepay less frequently. In a rising interest rate environment, the fair value of MSRs generally increases as prepayments decrease and therefore, the estimated life of the MSRs and related cash flows increase. Increases in the discount rate result in a lower MSRs value and decreases in the discount rate result in a higher MSRs value. MSRs uncertainties are hypothetical and do not always have a direct correlation with each assumption. Changes in one assumption may result in changes to another assumption, which might magnify or counteract the uncertainties.

The following table stresses the discount rate and prepayment speeds at two different data points:
Discount RatePrepayment Speeds
100 BPS Adverse Change200 BPS Adverse Change10% Adverse Change20% Adverse Change
September 30, 2022
Mortgage servicing rights
$(311,872)$(599,295)$(247,595)$(373,794)
December 31, 2021
Mortgage servicing rights$(232,658)$(435,181)$(198,153)$(372,018)

4. Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

The Company sells substantially all of its originated mortgage loans into the secondary market. The Company retains the right to service a majority of these loans upon sale through ownership of servicing rights. A reconciliation of the changes in mortgage loans held for sale to the amounts presented on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows is below:

Nine Months Ended September 30,
20222021
Balance at the beginning of period$19,323,568 $22,865,106 
Disbursements of mortgage loans held for sale115,269,087 275,516,411 
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held for sale (1)(126,601,866)(281,117,441)
Gain on sale of mortgage loans excluding fair value of other financial instruments, net (2)1,132,321 5,987,860 
Balance at the end of period
$9,123,110 $23,251,936 

(1)    The proceeds from sales of loans held for sale on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows includes amounts related to the sale of consumer loans.

(2)    The Gain on sale of loans excluding fair value of MSRs, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows includes amounts related to the sale of consumer loans, interest rate lock commitments, forward commitments, and provisions for investor reserves.




17
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
Credit Risk

The Company is subject to credit risk associated with mortgage loans that it purchases and originates during the period of time prior to the sale of these loans. The Company considers credit risk and losses associated with these loans to be insignificant as it holds the loans for a short period of time, which for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 is, on average, approximately 44 days from the date of borrowing, and the market for these loans continues to be highly liquid. The Company is also subject to credit risk associated with mortgage loans it has repurchased as a result of breaches of representations and warranties during the period of time between repurchase and resale.

5. Borrowings

The Company maintains various funding facilities and other non-funding debt as shown in the tables below. Interest rates typically have two main components – a base rate most commonly SOFR or LIBOR, which is sometimes subject to a minimum floor plus a spread. Some facilities have a commitment fee, which can range from 0.0% to 0.5% per year. The commitment fee charged by lenders is calculated based on the committed line amount multiplied by a negotiated rate. The Company is required to maintain certain covenants, including minimum tangible net worth, minimum liquidity, maximum total debt or liabilities to net worth ratio, pretax net income requirements, and other customary debt covenants, as defined in the agreements. The Company was in compliance with all covenants as of September 30, 2022.

The amount owed and outstanding on the Company’s loan funding facilities fluctuates based on its origination volume, the amount of time it takes the Company to sell the loans it originates, and the Company’s ability to use its cash to self-fund loans. In addition to self-funding, the Company may from time to time use surplus cash to “buy-down” the effective interest rate of certain loan funding facilities or to self-fund a portion of our loan originations. Buy-down funds are included in Cash and cash equivalents on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We have the ability to withdraw these funds at any time, unless a margin call has been made or a default has occurred under the relevant facilities. We will also deploy cash to self-fund loan originations, a portion of which can be transferred to a warehouse line or the early buy out line, provided that such loans meet the eligibility criteria to be placed on such lines. The remaining portion will be funded in normal course over a short period of time, generally less than 45 days.

In addition to the $3,156,856 of corporate cash used for discretionary self-funding of loans as of September 30, 2022, we had an additional $825,926 of cash on-hand, for a total of $3,982,782 of available cash.

The terms of the Senior Notes restrict our ability and the ability of our subsidiary guarantors among other things to: (1) merge, consolidate or sell, transfer or lease assets, and; (2) create liens on assets.

18
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
Funding Facilities
Facility TypeCollateralMaturityLine AmountCommitted Line Amount
Outstanding Balance as of September 30, 2022
Outstanding Balance as of December 31, 2021
MRA funding:
1) Master Repurchase Agreement (7)
Mortgage loans held for sale (6)
10/20/2023$1,000,000 $100,000 $96,409 $249,119 
2) Master Repurchase Agreement (7)
Mortgage loans held for sale (6)
12/1/20221,500,000 250,000 608,858 1,328,727 
3) Master Repurchase Agreement (7)
Mortgage loans held for sale (6)
8/9/20242,000,000 250,000 501,293 1,714,806 
4) Master Repurchase Agreement (1)(7)
Mortgage loans held for sale (6)
7/26/20232,000,000 950,000 1,055,708 1,479,128 
5) Master Repurchase Agreement (2)(7)
Mortgage loans held for sale (6)
5/4/20242,000,000 250,000 371,857 2,264,954 
6) Master Repurchase Agreement (3)(7)
Mortgage loans held for sale (6)
9/9/20241,500,000 250,000 93,964 498,335 
7) Master Repurchase Agreement (7)
Mortgage loans held for sale (6)
9/15/2023900,000 250,000 269,130 542,846 
8) Master Repurchase Agreement (7)
Mortgage loans held for sale (6)
9/22/20231,250,000 250,000 265,188 539,257 
9) Master Repurchase Agreement (7)
Mortgage loans held for sale (6)
9/27/2024750,000 100,000 230,164 616,165 
10) Master Repurchase Agreement (7)
Mortgage loans held for sale (6)
12/16/20221,000,000 250,000 261,923 253,389 
$13,900,000 $2,900,000 $3,754,494 $9,486,726 
Early Funding:
11) Early Funding Facility (4)(7)
Mortgage loans held for sale (6)
          (4)
$4,000,000 $— $478,819 $2,071,154 
12) Early Funding Facility (5)(7)
Mortgage loans held for sale (6)
(5)
3,000,000 — 676,056 1,193,712 
7,000,000 — 1,154,875 3,264,866 
Total$20,900,000 $2,900,000 $4,909,369 $12,751,592 
(1)    This facility has a 12-month initial term, which can be extended for 3-months at each subsequent 3-month anniversary from the initial start date. Subsequent to September 30, 2022, this facility was amended to decrease the committed amount to $800,000 and was extended to October 26, 2023.

(2)    Subsequent to September 30, 2022, this facility was amended to decrease the total facility size to $1,000,000.

(3)    This facility has an overall line size of $1,500,000. This facility also includes a $1,500,000 sublimit for MSR financing; Capacity is fully fungible and is not restricted by these allocations.

(4)    This facility is an evergreen agreement with no stated termination or expiration date. This agreement can be terminated by either party upon written notice.

(5)    This facility has an overall line size of $3,000,000, which is reviewed every 90 days. This facility is an evergreen agreement with no stated termination or expiration date. This agreement can be terminated by either party upon written notice.

(6)    The Company has multiple borrowing facilities in the form of asset sales under agreements to repurchase. These borrowing facilities are secured by mortgage loans held for sale at fair value as the first priority security interest.    

19
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
(7)    The interest rates charged by lenders on the funding facilities included the applicable base rate plus a spread ranging from 1.00% to 1.85% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and the applicable base rate plus a spread ranging from 1.00% to 2.25% for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Other Financing Facilities
Facility TypeCollateralMaturityLine AmountCommitted Line AmountOutstanding Balance September 30, 2022Outstanding Balance December 31, 2021
Line of Credit Financing Facilities
1) Unsecured line of credit (1)
—7/27/2025$2,000,000 $— $— $— 
2) Unsecured line of credit (1)
—7/31/2025100,000 — — — 
3) Revolving credit facility (4)
—8/10/20251,000,000 1,000,000 — — 
4) MSR line of credit (4)
MSRs10/20/2023200,000 — — — 
5) MSR line of credit (2)(4)
MSRs9/9/20241,500,000 250,000 — — 
6) MSR line of credit (3)(4)
MSRs
(3)
— — — 75,000 
$4,800,000 $1,250,000 $— $75,000 
Early Buyout Financing Facility
6) Early buy out facility (4)
Loans/ Advances3/13/2024$1,500,000 $— $814,458 $1,896,784 
(1)    Refer to Note 6, Transactions with Related Parties for additional details regarding this unsecured line of credit.

(2)    This facility is a sublimit of Master Repurchase Agreement 6, found above in Funding Facilities. Refer to Subfootnote 3, Funding Facilities for additional details regarding this financing facility.

(3)    This facility was voluntarily paid off and terminated in March 2022.

(4)    The interest rates charged by lenders on the other funding facilities included the applicable base rate, plus a spread ranging from 1.45% to 4.00% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Unsecured Senior Notes
Facility TypeMaturityInterest RateOutstanding Principal September 30, 2022Outstanding Principal December 31, 2021
Unsecured Senior Notes (1)
10/15/20262.875 %$1,150,000 $1,150,000 
Unsecured Senior Notes (2)
1/15/20285.250 %61,985 61,985 
Unsecured Senior Notes (3)
3/1/20293.625 %750,000 750,000 
Unsecured Senior Notes (4)
3/1/20313.875 %1,250,000 1,250,000 
Unsecured Senior Notes (5)
10/15/20334.000 %850,000 850,000 
Total Senior Notes
$4,061,985 $4,061,985 
Weighted Average Interest Rate3.59 %3.59 %

(1)    The 2026 Senior Notes are unsecured obligation notes with no asset required to pledge for this borrowing. Unamortized debt issuance costs are presented net against the Senior Notes reducing the $1,150,000 carrying amount on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets by $9,140 and $10,854 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

20
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
(2)    The 2028 Senior Notes are unsecured obligation notes with no asset required to pledge for this borrowing. Unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts are presented net against the Senior Notes reducing the $61,985 carrying amount on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets by $376 and $313 as of September 30, 2022, respectively, and $430 and $358, as of December 31, 2021, respectively.

(3)    The 2029 Senior Notes are unsecured obligation notes with no asset required to pledge for this borrowing. Unamortized debt issuance costs are presented net against the Senior Notes reducing the $750,000 carrying amount on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets by $6,436 and $7,188 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

(4)    The 2031 Senior Notes are unsecured obligation notes with no asset required to pledge for this borrowing. Unamortized debt issuance costs are presented net against the Senior Notes reducing the $1,250,000 carrying amount on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets by $11,380 and $12,395 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

(5)    The 2033 Senior Notes are unsecured obligation notes with no asset required to pledge for this borrowing. Unamortized debt issuance costs are presented net against the Senior Notes reducing the $850,000 carrying amount on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets by $7,741 and $8,269 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Refer to Note 2, Fair Value Measurements for information pertaining to the fair value of the Company’s debt as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

6. Transactions with Related Parties

The Company has entered into various transactions and agreements with RHI, its subsidiaries, certain other affiliates and related parties (collectively, “Related Parties”). These transactions include providing financing and services as well as obtaining financing and services from these Related Parties.

Financing Arrangements

On June 9, 2017, Rocket Mortgage and RHI entered into an unsecured line of credit, as further amended and restated on September 16, 2021 (“RHI Line of Credit”), pursuant to which Rocket Mortgage has a borrowing capacity of $2,000,000. The RHI Line of Credit matures on July 27, 2025. Borrowings under the line of credit bear interest at a rate per annum of one month LIBOR plus 1.25%, or the applicable successor benchmark should LIBOR be discontinued. The line of credit is uncommitted and RHI has sole discretion over advances. The RHI Line of Credit also contains negative covenants which restrict the ability of the Company to incur debt and create liens on certain assets. It also requires Rocket Mortgage to maintain a quarterly consolidated net income before taxes if adjusted tangible net worth meets certain requirements. There were no outstanding principal amounts due to RHI as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, pursuant to the RHI Line of Credit. Rocket Mortgage repaid no amounts and an aggregate of $750,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $762 and $1,750,843 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The amount of interest paid under the RHI Line of Credit was $762 and $843 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, with no outstanding interest due to RHI. As of September 30, 2022 and 2021 the amount of outstanding interest due to RHI was zero and $250, respectively.

RHI and ATI are parties to a surplus debenture, effective as of December 28, 2015, and as further amended and restated on December 31, 2019 (the “RHI/ATI Debenture”), pursuant to which ATI is indebted to RHI for an aggregate principal amount of $21,500. The RHI/ATI Debenture matures on December 31, 2030. Interest under the RHI/ATI Debenture accrues at an annual rate of 8%. Principal and interest under the RHI/ATI Debenture are due and payable quarterly, in each case subject to ATI achieving a certain amount of surplus and payments of all interest before principal payments begin. Any unpaid amounts of principal and interest shall be due and payable upon the maturity of the RHI/ATI Debenture. ATI repaid an aggregate of $250 and $750 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The total amount of interest accrued under the RHI/ATI Debenture was $434 and $1,286 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

21
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
On July 31, 2020, Holdings and RHI entered into an agreement for an uncommitted, unsecured revolving line of credit ("RHI 2nd Line of Credit’’), which will provide for financing from RHI to the Company of up to $100,000. The RHI 2nd Line of Credit matures on July 31, 2025. Borrowings under the line of credit will bear interest at a rate per annum of one month LIBOR plus 1.25%, or the applicable successor benchmark should LIBOR be discontinued. The negative covenants of the line of credit restrict the ability of the Company to incur debt and create liens on certain assets. The line of credit also contains customary events of default. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 there were no draws on the RHI 2nd Line of Credit and no amounts outstanding.

The amounts receivable from and payable to Related Parties consisted of the following as of:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
PrincipalInterest RatePrincipalInterest Rate
Included in Notes receivable and due from affiliates on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
Affiliated receivables and other notes$11,179 — %$9,753 — %
Notes receivable and due from affiliates$11,179 $9,753 
Included in Notes payable and due to affiliates on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
RHI/ATI Debenture$21,500 8.00 %$21,500 8.00 %
Affiliated payables8,965 — %12,150 — %
Notes payable and due to affiliates$30,465 $33,650 

Services, Products and Other Transactions

We have entered into transactions and agreements to provide certain services to Related Parties. We recognized revenue of $3,206 and $3,494 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $9,437 and $10,592 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, for the performance of these services, which was included in Other income. We have also entered into transactions and agreements to purchase certain services, products and other transactions from Related Parties. We incurred expenses of $19,259 and $48,861 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $86,155 and $121,599 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, for these products, services and other transactions, which are included in General and administrative expenses.

As further described in Note 13, Share-based Compensation, the Company is allocated compensation costs associated with awards granted by RHI in years prior to the reorganization and IPO. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, all RHI restricted stock units and options were cancelled and replaced with cash or a modified award denominated in Company shares. This resulted in RHI contributing approximately $42,000 in cash to the Company and its subsidiaries in exchange for the share-based compensation award modifications.

The Company has also entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement with RHI and our Chairman as described further in Note 7, Income Taxes. The Company has also guaranteed the debt of a related party as described further in Note 9, Commitments, Contingencies, and Guarantees.

Promotional Sponsorships

The Company incurred marketing and advertising costs related to the Rocket Mortgage Field House Naming Rights Contract and other promotional sponsorships, which are related parties. The company incurred expenses of $2,169 and $2,180 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $6,773 and $6,850 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to these arrangements.






22
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
Lease Transactions with Related Parties

The Company is a party to lease agreements for certain offices, including our headquarters in Detroit, with various affiliates of Bedrock Management Services LLC (“Bedrock”), a related party, and other related parties of the Company. The Company incurred expenses of $17,864 and $16,189 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $55,419 and $51,001 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to these arrangements.

7. Income Taxes

The Company has income tax expense of $10,131 and $32,830 on Income before income taxes of $106,355 and $1,425,689 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company has income tax expense of $54,741 and $122,709 on Income before income taxes of $1,247,329 and $5,329,556 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The Company’s income tax expense varies from the expense that would be expected based on statutory rates due principally to its organizational structure. Several subsidiaries of Holdings, such as Rocket Mortgage, Amrock and other subsidiaries, are single member LLC entities. As single member LLCs of Holdings, all taxable income or loss generated by these subsidiaries will pass through and be included in the income or loss of Holdings. A provision for state income taxes is required for certain jurisdictions that tax single member LLCs as regarded entities. Other subsidiaries of Holdings, such as Amrock Title Insurance Co., LMB Mortgage Services and others, are treated as C Corporations and will separately file and pay taxes apart from Holdings in various jurisdictions including U.S. federal, state, local and Canada.

As part of the IPO, Rocket Companies acquired a portion of the units of Holdings, which is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal tax purposes and in most applicable jurisdictions for state and local income tax purposes. The remaining portion of Holdings is owned by RHI and our Chairman ("LLC Members"). As a partnership, Holdings is not subject to U.S. federal and certain state and local income taxes. Any taxable income or loss generated by Holdings after Rocket Companies acquisition of its portion of Holdings is passed through and included in the taxable income or loss of its members, including Rocket Companies, in accordance with the terms of the operating agreement of Holdings (the "Holdings Operating Agreement"). Rocket Companies is a C Corporation and is subject to U.S. federal, state, and local income taxes with respect to its allocable share of any taxable income of Holdings.

The Inflation Reduction Act (“IRA”) was enacted on August 16, 2022. The IRA includes several provisions, one of which was the enactment of the corporate alternative minimum tax, which imposes a minimum tax on the adjusted financial statement income for an ‘applicable corporation’ as defined in the IRA. The corporate alternative minimum tax is effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022. There has been no material impact on the consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2022 from the enactment of the corporate alternative minimum tax.

Tax Receivable Agreement

The Company expects to obtain an increase in its share of the tax basis in the net assets of Holdings when Holdings Units are redeemed from or exchanged by the LLC Members. The Company intends to treat any redemptions and exchanges of Holdings Units as direct purchases of Holdings Units for U.S. federal income tax purposes. These increases in tax basis may reduce the amounts that the Company would otherwise pay in the future to various tax authorities. They may also decrease gains (or increase losses) on future dispositions of certain capital assets to the extent tax basis is allocated to those capital assets.

23
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
In connection with the reorganization completed prior to our IPO in 2020, the Company entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement with the LLC Members that will obligate the Company to make payments to the LLC Members generally equal to 90% of the applicable cash tax savings that the Company actually realizes or in some cases is deemed to realize as a result of the tax attributes generated by (i) certain increases in our allocable share of the tax basis in Holdings’ assets resulting from (a) the purchases of Holdings Units (along with the corresponding shares of our Class D common stock or Class C common stock) from the LLC Members (or their transferees of Holdings Units or other assignees) using the net proceeds from our initial public offering or in any future offering, (b) exchanges by the LLC Members (or their transferees of Holdings Units or other assignees) of Holdings Units (along with the corresponding shares of our Class D common stock or Class C common stock) for cash or shares of our Class B common stock or Class A common stock, as applicable, or (c) payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement; (ii) tax benefits related to imputed interest deemed arising as a result of payments made under the Tax Receivable Agreement and (iii) disproportionate allocations (if any) of tax benefits to Holdings as a result of section 704(c) of the Code that relate to the reorganization transactions. The Company will retain the benefit of the remaining 10% of these tax savings.

On March 31, 2021, the Company exchanged 20,200,000 shares of Class A common stock for the equivalent number of shares of Class D common stock and Holdings Units with RHI, which resulted in an increase in the tax basis of assets of Holdings that is subject to the provisions of the Tax Receivable Agreement. The Company recorded an increase in its deferred tax asset on investment in partnership of $123,587, an increase in the valuation allowance of $3,146, and an increase in the Tax receivable agreement liability of $119,456 with the net offsetting amount of $985 recorded to Additional Paid-in Capital in the Change in controlling interest of investment, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity.

A payment of $40,721 was made to the LLC Members pursuant to the Tax Receivable Agreement during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. No such payments were made in the three months ended September 30, 2022.

The amounts payable under the Tax Receivable Agreement will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the amount, character, and timing of the taxable income of Rocket Companies in the future. Any such changes in these factors or changes in the Company’s determination of the need for a valuation allowance related to the tax benefits acquired under the Tax Receivable Agreement could adjust the Tax receivable agreement liability recognized and recorded within earnings in future periods.

Tax Distributions

The holders of Holdings’ Units, including Rocket Companies Inc., incur U.S. federal, state and local income taxes on their share of any taxable income of Holdings. The Holdings Operating Agreement provides for pro rata cash distributions (“tax distributions”) to the holders of the Holdings Units in an amount generally calculated to provide each holder of Holdings Units with sufficient cash to cover its tax liability in respect of the Holdings Units. In general, these tax distributions are computed based on Holdings’ estimated taxable income, multiplied by an assumed tax rate as set forth in the Holdings Operating Agreement.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, Holdings paid tax distributions totaling zero and $166,698, respectively, to holders of Holdings Units other than Rocket Companies. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, Holdings paid tax distributions totaling $395,057 and $1,801,756, respectively, to holders of Holdings Units other than Rocket Companies.

8. Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company enters into interest rate lock commitments ("IRLCs"), forward commitments to sell mortgage loans and forward commitments to purchase loans, which are considered derivative financial instruments. These items are accounted for as free-standing derivatives and are included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The Company treats all of its derivative instruments as economic hedges; therefore, none of its derivative instruments qualify for designation as accounting hedges. Changes in the fair value of the IRLCs and forward commitments to sell mortgage loans are recorded in current period earnings and are included in Gain on sale of loans, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income . Forward commitments to purchase mortgage loans are recognized in current period earnings and are included in Gain on sale of loans, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income . Additional detail regarding derivative financial instruments is provided in Note 12, Derivative Financial Instruments in our 2021 10-K report.
24
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)

Net hedging gains were as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Hedging gains (1)$2,674,875 $652,337 $5,654,497 $2,020,328 

(1)    Includes the change in fair value related to derivatives economically hedging MSRs identified for sale.

Refer to Note 2, Fair Value Measurements, for additional information on the fair value of derivative financial instruments.

Notional and Fair Value

The notional and fair values of derivative financial instruments not designated as hedging instruments were as follows:
Notional ValueDerivative AssetDerivative Liability
Balance at September 30, 2022:
IRLCs, net of loan funding probability (1)$8,387,274 $7,743 $— 
Forward commitments (2)$15,798,620 $690,396 $84,699 
Balance at December 31, 2021:
IRLCs, net of loan funding probability (1)$21,194,326 $538,861 $— 
Forward commitments (2)$36,476,871 $17,337 $19,911 

(1)    IRLCs are also discussed in Note 9, Commitments, Contingencies, and Guarantees.

(2)    Includes the fair value and net notional value related to derivatives economically hedging MSRs identified for sale.

Counterparty agreements for forward commitments contain master netting agreements. The table below presents the gross amounts of recognized assets and liabilities subject to master netting agreements. The Company may pledge cash or receive cash from counterparties related to these forward commitments. Pledged cash to counterparties is classified in Other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Pledged cash received from counterparties is recorded in Cash and cash equivalents, and the related liability is classified in Other liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Gross Amount of Recognized Assets or Liabilities
Gross Amounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
Net Amounts Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
Offsetting of Derivative Assets
Balance at September 30, 2022:
Forward commitments$1,170,954 $(480,558)$690,396 
Balance at December 31, 2021:
Forward commitments$50,225 $(32,888)$17,337 
Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities
Balance at September 30, 2022:
Forward commitments$(123,175)$38,476 $(84,699)
Balance at December 31, 2021:
Forward commitments$(54,922)$35,011 $(19,911)



25
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
Counterparty Credit Risk

Credit risk is defined as the possibility that a loss may occur from the failure of another party to perform in accordance with the terms of the contract, which exceeds the value of existing collateral, if any. The Company attempts to limit its credit risk by dealing with creditworthy counterparties and obtaining collateral where appropriate.

The Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of contractual nonperformance by its trading counterparties and counterparties to its various over-the-counter derivative financial instruments noted in the above Notional and Fair Value discussion. The Company manages this credit risk by selecting only counterparties that it believes to be financially strong, spreading the credit risk among many such counterparties, placing contractual limits on the amount of unsecured credit extended to any single counterparty, and entering into netting agreements with the counterparties as appropriate.

Certain counterparties have master netting agreements. The master netting agreements contain a legal right to offset amounts due to and from the same counterparty. Derivative assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets represent derivative contracts in a gain position, net of loss positions with the same counterparty and, therefore, also represent the Company’s maximum counterparty credit risk. The Company incurred no credit losses due to nonperformance of any of its counterparties during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

9. Commitments, Contingencies, and Guarantees

Interest Rate Lock Commitments

IRLCs are agreements to lend to a client as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. The Company evaluates each client’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis.

The number of days from the date of the IRLC to expiration of fixed and variable rate lock commitments outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was approximately 47 days and 43 days on average, respectively.

The UPB of IRLCs was as follows:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Fixed RateVariable RateFixed RateVariable Rate
IRLCs$11,266,246 $690,400 $25,937,777 $1,239,762 

Commitments to Sell Mortgage Loans

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into contracts to sell existing mortgage loans held for sale into the secondary market at specified future dates. The amount of commitments to sell existing loans at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $1,802,734 and $2,243,381, respectively.

Commitments to Sell Loans with Servicing Released

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into contracts to sell the MSRs of certain newly originated loans on a servicing released basis. In the event that a forward commitment is not filled and there has been an unfavorable market shift from the date of commitment to the date of settlement, the Company is contractually obligated to pay a pair-off fee on the undelivered balance. There were $185,649 and $333,594 of loans committed to be sold servicing released at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Property Taxes, Insurance, and Principal and Interest Payable

As a service to its clients, the Company administers escrow deposits representing undisbursed amounts received for payment of property taxes, insurance and principal, and interest on mortgage loans held for sale. Cash held by the Company for property taxes and insurance was $5,315,110 and $3,682,366, and for principal and interest was $3,557,170 and $8,370,326 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. These amounts are not considered assets of the Company and, therefore, are excluded from the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company remains contingently liable for the disposition of these deposits.
26
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)

Guarantees

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company guaranteed the debt of a related party consisting of three separate guarantees totaling $3,920 and $5,216, respectively. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company did not record a liability on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for these guarantees because it was not probable that the Company would be required to make payments under these guarantees.

Tax Receivable Agreement

As indicated in Note 7, Income Taxes, the Company is party to a Tax Receivable Agreement.

Legal

Rocket Companies, through its subsidiaries, engages in, among other things, mortgage lending, title and settlement services, and other financial technology services. Rocket Companies and its subsidiaries operate in highly regulated industries and are routinely subject to various legal and administrative proceedings concerning matters that arise in the normal and ordinary course of business, including inquiries, complaints, subpoenas, audits, examinations, investigations and potential enforcement actions from regulatory agencies and state attorney generals; state and federal lawsuits and putative class actions; and other litigation. Periodically, we assess our potential liabilities and contingencies in connection with outstanding legal and administrative proceedings utilizing the latest information available. While it is not possible to predict the outcome of any of these matters, based on our assessment of the facts and circumstances, we do not believe any of these matters, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, actual outcomes may differ from those expected and could have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows in a future period. Rocket Companies accrues for losses when they are probable to occur and such losses are reasonably estimable. Legal costs are expensed as they are incurred.

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had reserves related to potential damages in connection with any legal proceedings of $15,000. The ultimate outcome of these or other actions or proceedings, including any monetary awards against us, is uncertain and there can be no assurance as to the amount of any such potential awards. Rocket Companies will incur defense costs and other expenses in connection with the lawsuits. Plus, if a judgment for money that exceeds specified thresholds is rendered against us and we fail to timely pay, discharge, bond or obtain a stay of execution of such judgment, it is possible that we could be deemed in default of loan funding facilities and other agreements governing indebtedness. If the final resolution of any such litigation is unfavorable in one or more of these actions, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.

10. Minimum Net Worth Requirements

Certain secondary market investors and state regulators require the Company to maintain minimum net worth and capital requirements. To the extent that these requirements are not met, secondary market investors and/or the state regulators may utilize a range of remedies including sanctions, and/or suspension or termination of selling and servicing agreements, which may prohibit the Company from originating, securitizing or servicing these specific types of mortgage loans.

Rocket Mortgage is subject to certain minimum net worth, minimum capital ratio and minimum liquidity requirements established by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Seller/Servicers, and Ginnie Mae for single family issuers. Furthermore, refer to Note 5, Borrowings for additional information regarding compliance with all covenant requirements.

The most restrictive of the minimum net worth and capital requirements require the Company to maintain a minimum adjusted net worth balance of $1,500,000 and $1,794,783 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with this requirement.


27
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)

11. Segments

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who has been identified as its Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), has evaluated how the Company views and measures its performance. ASC 280, Segment Reporting establishes the standards for reporting information about segments in financial statements. In applying the criteria set forth in that guidance, the Company has determined that it has two reportable segments — Direct to Consumer and Partner Network. The key factors used to identify these reportable segments are the Company’s internal operations and the nature of its marketing channels, which drive client acquisition into the mortgage platform. This determination reflects how its CODM monitors performance, allocates capital and makes strategic and operational decisions. The Company’s segments are described as follows:

Direct to Consumer

In the Direct to Consumer segment, clients have the ability to interact with Rocket Mortgage online and/or with the Company’s mortgage bankers. The Company markets to potential clients in this segment through various brand campaigns and performance marketing channels. The Direct to Consumer segment derives revenue from originating, closing, selling and servicing predominantly agency-conforming loans, which are pooled and sold to the secondary market. The segment also includes title insurance, appraisals and settlement services complementing the Company’s end-to-end mortgage origination experience. Servicing activities are fully allocated to the Direct to Consumer segment and are viewed as an extension of the client experience. Servicing enables Rocket Mortgage to establish and maintain long term relationships with our clients, through multiple touchpoints at regular engagement intervals.

Revenues in the Direct to Consumer segment are generated primarily from the gain on sale of loans, which includes loan origination fees, revenues from sales of loans into the secondary market, as well as the fair value of originated MSRs and hedging gains and losses. Loan servicing income (loss) consists of the contractual fees earned for servicing loans and other ancillary servicing fees, as well as changes in the fair value of MSRs due to changes in valuation assumptions and realization of cash flows.

Partner Network

The Rocket Professional platform supports our Partner Network segment, where we leverage our superior client service and widely recognized brand to grow marketing and influencer relationships, and our mortgage broker partnerships through Rocket Pro TPO. Our marketing partnerships consist of well-known consumer-focused companies that find value in our award-winning client experience and want to offer their clients mortgage solutions with our trusted, widely recognized brand. These organizations connect their clients directly to us through marketing channels and a referral process. Our influencer partnerships are typically with companies that employ licensed mortgage professionals that find value in our client experience, technology and efficient mortgage process, where mortgages may not be their primary offering. We also enable clients to start the mortgage process through the Rocket platform in the way that works best for them, including through a local mortgage broker.

Revenues in the Partner Network segment are generated primarily from the gain on sale of loans, which includes loan origination fees, revenues from sales of loans into the secondary market, as well as the fair value of originated MSRs and hedging gains and losses.

Other Information About Our Segments

The Company measures the performance of the segments primarily on a contribution margin basis. The accounting policies applied by our segments are the same as those described in Note 1, Business, Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies and the decrease in MSRs due to valuation assumptions is consistent with the changes described in Note 3, Mortgage Servicing Rights. Directly attributable expenses include Salaries, commissions and team member benefits, General and administrative expenses and Other expenses, such as servicing costs and origination costs.

The Company does not allocate assets to its reportable segments as they are not included in the review performed by the CODM for purposes of assessing segment performance and allocating resources. The balance sheet is managed on a consolidated basis and is not used in the context of segment reporting.

28
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
The Company also reports an “All Other” category that includes operations from Rocket Homes, Rock Connections, Rocket Auto, Core Digital Media, Rocket Loans, Rocket Money (formerly known as Truebill) and includes professional service fee revenues from related parties. These operations are neither significant individually nor in aggregate and therefore do not constitute a reportable segment.

Key operating data for our business segments for the periods ended:

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022Direct to
 Consumer		Partner
 Network		Segments
 Total		All OtherTotal
Revenues
Gain on sale$486,018 $75,110$561,128 $4,883 $566,011 
Interest income61,133 33,87195,004 749 95,753 
Interest expense on funding facilities(29,767)(16,401)(46,168)(5)(46,173)
Servicing fee income363,279 — 363,279 932 364,211 
Changes in fair value of MSRs150,304 — 150,304 — 150,304 
Other income83,363 5,63188,994 75,586 164,580 
Total U.S. GAAP Revenue, net1,114,330 98,211 1,212,541 82,145 1,294,686 
Less: Increase in MSRs due to valuation assumptions (net of hedges)(406,485)—(406,485)— (406,485)
Adjusted revenue707,845 98,211 806,056 82,145 888,201 
Directly attributable expenses558,760 86,742 645,502 82,240 727,742 
Contribution margin$149,085 $11,469 $160,554 $(95)$160,459 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022Direct to ConsumerPartner NetworkSegments TotalAll OtherTotal
Revenues
Gain on sale$2,348,573 $490,625$2,839,198 $17,436 $2,856,634 
Interest income169,679 93,586263,265 2,225 265,490 
Interest expense on funding facilities(84,198)(46,369)(130,567)(9)(130,576)
Servicing fee income1,085,557 — 1,085,557 2,447 1,088,004 
Changes in fair value of MSRs592,162 — 592,162 — 592,162 
Other income343,300 29,310372,610 313,377 685,987 
Total U.S. GAAP Revenue, net4,455,073 567,152 5,022,225 335,476 5,357,701 
Less: Increase in MSRs due to valuation assumptions (net of hedges)(1,412,670)— (1,412,670)— (1,412,670)
Adjusted revenue3,042,403 567,152 3,609,555 335,476 3,945,031 
Directly attributable expenses2,037,401 302,477 2,339,878 305,479 2,645,357 
Contribution margin$1,005,002 $264,675 $1,269,677 $29,997 $1,299,674 
29
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021Direct to ConsumerPartner NetworkSegments TotalAll OtherTotal
Revenues
Gain on sale$2,241,633 $402,649$2,644,282 $9,931 $2,654,213 
Interest income77,112 51,815128,927 1,036 129,963 
Interest expense on funding facilities(43,528)(29,248)(72,776)(2)(72,778)
Servicing fee income333,653 — 333,653 695 334,348 
Changes in fair value of MSRs(341,361)— (341,361)— (341,361)
Other income234,381 31,301265,682 144,663 410,345 
Total U.S. GAAP Revenue, net2,501,890 456,517 2,958,407 156,323 3,114,730 
Plus: Decrease in MSRs due to valuation assumptions (net of hedges)47,514 —47,514 — 47,514 
Adjusted revenue2,549,404 456,517 3,005,921 156,323 3,162,244 
Directly attributable expenses927,897 176,246 1,104,143 67,892 1,172,035 
Contribution margin$1,621,507 $280,271 $1,901,778 $88,431 $1,990,209 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021Direct to ConsumerPartner NetworkSegments TotalAll OtherTotal
Revenues
Gain on sale$7,155,872 $1,374,729 $8,530,601 $17,543 $8,548,144 
Interest income188,269 121,097 309,366 2,487 311,853 
Interest expense on funding facilities(124,942)(80,010)(204,952)(48)(205,000)
Servicing fee income967,993 — 967,993 2,065 970,058 
Changes in fair value of MSRs(556,201)— (556,201)— (556,201)
Other income769,152 82,306 851,458 401,387 1,252,845 
Total U.S. GAAP Revenue, net8,400,143 1,498,122 9,898,265 423,434 10,321,699 
Less: Increase in MSRs due to valuation assumptions (net of hedges)(329,608)— (329,608)— (329,608)
Adjusted revenue8,070,535 1,498,122 9,568,657 423,434 9,992,091 
Directly attributable expenses2,808,340 532,087 3,340,427 196,805 3,537,232 
Contribution margin$5,262,195 $966,035 $6,228,230 $226,629 $6,454,859 

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Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
The following table represents a reconciliation of segment contribution margin to consolidated U.S. GAAP income before taxes for the three and nine months ended:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Contribution margin, excluding change in MSRs due to valuation assumptions$160,459 $1,990,209 $1,299,674 $6,454,859 
Increase (decrease) in MSRs due to valuation assumptions (net of hedges)406,485 (47,514)1,412,670 329,608 
Contribution margin, including change in MSRs due to valuation assumptions566,944 1,942,695 2,712,344 6,784,467 
Less expenses not allocated to segments:
Salaries, commissions and team member benefits243,164 237,410 777,847 694,421 
General and administrative expenses141,048 224,597 495,958 595,283 
Depreciation and amortization24,211 19,577 70,033 55,470 
Interest and amortization expense on non-funding debt38,316 34,163 115,263 104,772 
Other expenses13,850 1,259 5,914 4,965 
Income before income taxes$106,355 $1,425,689 $1,247,329 $5,329,556 

12. Non-controlling Interests

The non-controlling interest balance represents the economic interest in Holdings held by our Chairman and RHI. The following table summarizes the ownership of Holdings Units in Holdings as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Holdings UnitsOwnership PercentageHoldings UnitsOwnership Percentage
Rocket Companies, Inc.'s ownership of Holdings Units121,386,911 6.16 %126,437,703 6.40 %
Holdings Units held by our Chairman1,101,822 0.06 %1,101,822 0.06 %
Holdings Units held by RHI1,847,777,661 93.78 %1,847,777,661 93.54 %
Balance at end of period1,970,266,394 100.00 %1,975,317,186 100.00 %

The non-controlling interest holders have the right to exchange Holdings Units, together with a corresponding number of shares of our Class D common stock or Class C common stock (together referred to as “Paired Interests”), for, at our option, (i) shares of our Class B common stock or Class A common stock or (ii) cash from a substantially concurrent public offering or private sale (based on the price of our Class A common stock). As such, future exchanges of Paired Interests by non-controlling interest holders will result in a change in ownership and reduce or increase the amount recorded as non-controlling interest and increase or decrease additional paid-in-capital when Holdings has positive or negative net assets, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, our Chairman has not exchanged any Paired Interests.

On March 31, 2021, the Company exchanged 20,200,000 shares of Class A common stock for the equivalent number of Class D Common stock and Holdings Units with RHI. This transaction resulted in an increase of Rocket Companies' controlling interest and a corresponding decrease of non-controlling interest of approximately 1%.

As of September 30, 2022, Rocket Companies has repurchased 30,393,667 shares of Class A common stock under the Share Repurchase Program authorized in November 2020.







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Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)

13. Share-based Compensation

The Company has the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan under which restricted stock units and stock options are granted to team members and directors of the Company and its affiliates. The fair value of the share-based awards is estimated on the date of grant based on the market price of the underlying common stock and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the related requisite service periods.

There were no material grants during the three months ended September 30, 2022. The Company granted approximately 22,000,000 restricted stock units with an estimated future expense of $287,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. These awards generally vest annually over a three-year period or quarterly over an accelerated four-year period, subject to the grantee’s employment or service with the Company through each applicable vesting date.

The Company has an employee stock purchase plan, also referred to as the Team Member Stock Purchase Plan ("TMSPP"), under which eligible team members may direct the Company to withhold up to 15% of their gross pay to purchase shares of common stock at a price equal to 85% of the closing market price on the exercise date. The TMSPP is a liability classified compensatory plan and the Company recognizes compensation expense over the offering period based on the fair value of the purchase discount. The number of shares purchased by team members through the TMSPP was 1,032,558 and 947,358, during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively and 3,508,231 and 1,844,059 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Additionally, we are allocated costs associated with awards granted by Rock Holdings, Inc. (“RHI”) in the years prior to the reorganization and IPO and certain of our subsidiaries have individual compensation plans that include equity awards and stock appreciation rights. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, all remaining RHI restricted stock units and options were cancelled and replaced with cash or a modified award denominated in RKT shares. The incremental compensation expense related to these modifications is not material. RHI reimbursed the Company for the settlement or exchange of these awards as described in Note 6, Transactions with Related Parties.

The components of share-based compensation expense included in Salaries, commissions and team member benefits on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income is as follows:

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Rocket Companies, Inc. sponsored plans
Restricted stock units$45,707 $26,615 $132,301 $81,179 
Stock options9,086 10,257 27,932 30,155 
Team Member Stock Purchase Plan1,079 2,354 4,811 7,638 
Subtotal Rocket Companies, Inc. sponsored plans$55,872 $39,226 $165,044 $118,972 
RHI equity1,714 1,372 15,746 4,117 
Subsidiary plans176 281 524 811 
Total share-based compensation expense$57,762 $40,879 $181,314 $123,900 

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Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)

14. Earnings Per Share

The Company applies the two-class method for calculating and presenting earnings per share by separately presenting earnings per share for Class A common stock and Class B common stock. In applying the two-class method, the Company allocates undistributed earnings equally on a per share basis between Class A and Class B common stock. According to the Company’s certificate of incorporation, the holders of the Class A and Class B common stock are entitled to participate in earnings equally on a per-share basis, as if all shares of common stock were of a single class, and in dividends as may be declared by the board of directors. Holders of the Class A and Class B common stock also have equal priority in liquidation. Shares of Class C and Class D common stock do not participate in earnings of Rocket Companies, Inc. As a result, the shares of Class C and Class D common stock are not considered participating securities and are not included in the weighted-average shares outstanding for purposes of earnings per share. Restricted stock units awarded as part of the Company’s compensation program are included in the weighted-average Class A shares outstanding in the calculation of basic earnings per share once the units are fully vested.

Basic earnings per share of Class A common stock is computed by dividing Net income attributable to Rocket Companies by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock is computed by dividing Net income attributable to Rocket Companies by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding adjusted to give effect to potentially dilutive securities. There was no Class B common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2022 or 2021, respectively. See Note 12, Non-controlling Interests for a description of Paired Interests and their potential impact on Class A and Class B share ownership.




































33
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
The following table sets forth the calculation of the basic and diluted earnings per share for the period:

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Net income$96,224 $1,392,859 $1,192,588 $5,206,847 
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest(89,314)(1,317,522)(1,128,551)(4,946,688)
Net income attributable to Rocket Companies6,910 75,337 64,037 260,159 
Add: Reallocation of Net income attributable to vested, undelivered stock awards3 39 38 141 
Net income attributable to common shareholders$6,913 $75,376 $64,075 $260,300 
Numerator:
Net income attributable to Class A common shareholders - basic$6,913 $75,376 $64,075 $260,300 
Add: Reallocation of net income attributable to dilutive impact of pro-forma conversion of Class D shares to Class A shares (1)75,277 991,852 866,499 — 
Add: Reallocation of net income attributable to dilutive impact of share-based compensation awards (2)101 2,294 1,396 10,254 
Net income attributable to Class A common shareholders - diluted$82,291 $1,069,522 $931,970 $270,554 
Denominator:
Weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding - basic119,020,520137,664,471120,156,494129,902,253
Add: Dilutive impact of conversion of Class D shares to Class A shares1,848,879,4831,848,879,4831,848,879,483—
Add: Dilutive impact of share-based compensation awards (3)2,765,7644,284,3973,227,2915,490,417
Weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding - diluted1,970,665,7671,990,828,3511,972,263,268135,392,670
Earnings per share of Class A common stock outstanding - basic$0.06 $0.55 $0.53 $2.00 
Earnings per share of Class A common stock outstanding - diluted$0.04 $0.54 $0.47 $2.00 

(1)    Net income calculated using the estimated annual effective tax rate of Rocket Companies, Inc.

(2)     Reallocation of net income attributable to dilutive impact of share-based compensation awards for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 comprised of $89 and $2,223 related to restricted stock units and $12 and $71 related to TMSPP, respectively. Reallocation of net income attributable to dilutive impact of share-based compensation awards for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 comprised of $1,283 and $10,027 related to restricted stock units and $113 and $227 related to TMSPP, respectively.

34
Rocket Companies, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Shares and Per Share Amounts)
(3)     Dilutive impact of share-based compensation awards for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 comprised of 2,427,043 and 4,151,765 related to restricted stock units and 338,720 and 132,632 related to TMSPP, respectively. Dilutive impact of share-based compensation awards for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 comprised of 2,965,926 and 5,369,320 related to restricted stock units and 261,365 and 121,097 related to TMSPP, respectively.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, 22,287,580 stock options, each weighted for the portion of the period for which they were outstanding, were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share as the effect was determined to be anti-dilutive.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, 1,855,464,831 Holdings Units, each weighted for the portion of the period for which they were outstanding, together with a corresponding number of shares of our Class D common stock, were exchangeable, at our option, for shares of our Class A common stock. After evaluating the potential dilutive effect under the if-converted method, the outstanding Holdings Units for the assumed exchange of non-controlling interests were determined to be anti-dilutive and thus were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Form 10-Q”) and our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K (the "Form 10-K") filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties which could cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, risks and uncertainties discussed under the heading “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” and in Part I. Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Form 10-K and in our Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2022 (Q1 2022 Form 10-Q) and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and in our Form 10-K.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements, which involve risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements are generally identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would” and, in each case, their negative or other various or comparable terminology. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Form 10-Q, including statements regarding our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenue, projected costs, prospects, plans, objectives of management and expected market growth are forward-looking statements. As you read this Form 10-Q, you should understand that these statements are not guarantees of performance or results. They involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described under the heading “Risk Factors” in this Form 10-Q. Although we believe that these forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions, you should be aware that many factors, including those described under the heading “Risk Factors” in this Form 10-Q, could affect our actual financial results or results of operations and could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements.

Our forward-looking statements made herein are made only as of the date of this Form 10-Q. We expressly disclaim any intent, obligation or undertaking to update or revise any forward-looking statements made herein to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statements are based. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained in this Form 10-Q.

Objective

The following discussion provides an analysis of the Company's financial condition, cash flows and results of operations from management's perspective and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our objective is to provide a discussion of events and uncertainties known to management that are reasonably likely to cause the reported financial information not to be indicative of future operating results or of future financial condition and to also offer information that provides an understanding of our financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.

Executive Summary

We are a Detroit-based FinTech holding company consisting of tech-driven real estate, mortgage and financial services businesses - including Rocket Mortgage, Rocket Home, Rocket Auto and Rocket Money (formerly known as Truebill). We are committed to providing an industry-leading client experience powered by our simple, fast and trusted digital solutions. In addition to Rocket Mortgage, one of the nation’s largest mortgage lenders, we have expanded into complementary industries, such as real estate services, personal lending, auto sales, solar, and personal finance where we seek to deliver innovative client solutions leveraging our Rocket platform and being the best at creating certainty in life's most complex moments so that our clients can live their dreams.




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Recent Developments
Business Trends

The U.S. Federal Reserve has raised the Federal Funds rate multiple times in 2022 and is expected to continue to raise interest rates throughout the year to mitigate inflationary pressures. The resulting mortgage interest rate increases has driven a significant decline in the size of the mortgage origination market from 2021 to 2022. The increase in mortgage interest rates, coupled with uncertainty in the economy, have put pressure on new mortgage activity.

Share Repurchase Program

As of November 2, 2022, Rocket Companies has repurchased 32.1 million shares at a weighted average price of $12.75. Cumulatively, we have returned $408.8 million to shareholders under the $1 billion Share Repurchase Program authorized in November 2020.

Career Transition Program

Due to the rapidly changing mortgage market, during the second quarter of 2022 the board of directors approved a career transition program that the Company offered to certain eligible team members. The career transition program includes a compensation package, healthcare coverage, career transition services, and accelerated vesting of certain equity awards, if applicable. As a result, the Company incurred charges of $20.1 million and $81.1 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

Three months ended September 30, 2022 summary

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, we originated $25.6 billion in residential mortgage loans, which was a $62.5 billion, or 71% decrease compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021. Our Net income for the period was $96.2 million compared to Net income of $1.4 billion. We generated Adjusted EBITDA loss of $159.7 million which was a decrease of $1.7 billion, or 110%, compared to $1.6 billion. For more information on Adjusted EBITDA, please see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below.
Nine months ended September 30, 2022 summary
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we originated $114.1 billion in residential mortgage loans, which was a $161.2 billion, or 59% decrease compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Our Net income for the period was $1.2 billion compared to Net income of $5.2 billion. We generated $262.9 million of Adjusted EBITDA, which was a decrease of $5.0 billion, or 95%, compared to $5.3 billion. For more information on Adjusted EBITDA, please see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below.


Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To provide investors with information in addition to our results as determined by GAAP, we disclose Adjusted Revenue, Adjusted Net Income (Loss), Adjusted Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share and Adjusted EBITDA (collectively “our non-GAAP financial measures”) as non-GAAP measures which management believes provide useful information to investors. We believe that the presentation of our non-GAAP financial measures provides useful information to investors regarding our results of operations because each measure assists both investors and management in analyzing and benchmarking the performance and value of our business. Our non-GAAP financial measures are not calculated in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as a substitute for revenue, net income, or any other operating performance measure calculated in accordance with GAAP. Other companies may define our non-GAAP financial measures differently, and as a result, our measures of our non-GAAP financial measures may not be directly comparable to those of other companies. Our non-GAAP financial measures provide indicators of performance that are not affected by fluctuations in certain costs or other items. Accordingly, management believes that these measurements are useful for comparing general operating performance from period to period, and management relies on these measures for planning and forecasting of future periods. Additionally, these measures allow management to compare our results with those of other companies that have different financing and capital structures.

We define “Adjusted Revenue” as total revenues net of the change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) due to valuation assumptions (net of hedges). We define “Adjusted Net Income (Loss)” as tax-effected earnings before share-based compensation expense, the change in fair value of MSRs due to valuation assumptions (net of hedges), a litigation accrual, career transition program, change in Tax receivable agreement liability, and the tax effects of those adjustments as applicable. We define “Adjusted Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share” as Adjusted Net Income (Loss) divided by the diluted weighted average number of Class A common stock outstanding for the applicable period, which assumes the pro forma exchange and conversion of all outstanding Class D common stock for Class A common stock. We define “Adjusted EBITDA” as earnings before interest and amortization expense on non-funding debt, income tax, depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation expense, change in fair value of MSRs due to valuation assumptions (net of hedges), a litigation accrual, career transition program, and change in Tax receivable agreement liability. We exclude from each of our non-GAAP financial measures the change in fair value of MSRs due to valuation assumptions (net of hedges) as this represents a non-cash non-realized adjustment to our total revenues, reflecting changes in assumptions including discount rates and prepayment speed assumptions, mostly due to changes in market interest rates, which is not indicative of our performance or results of operation. We also exclude effects of contractual prepayment protection associated with sales of MSRs. Adjusted EBITDA includes Interest expense on funding facilities, which are recorded as a component of Interest income, net, as these expenses are a direct cost driven by loan origination volume. By contrast, interest and amortization expense on non-funding debt is a function of our capital structure and is therefore excluded from Adjusted EBITDA.

Our definitions of each of our non-GAAP financial measures allows us to add back certain cash and non-cash charges, and deduct certain gains that are included in calculating Total revenues, net, Net income attributable to Rocket Companies or Net income. However, these expenses and gains vary greatly, and are difficult to predict. From time to time in the future, we may include or exclude other items if we believe that doing so is consistent with the goal of providing useful information to investors. In the first and second quarter of 2022, we revised our definition of Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA to also exclude the cash portion of share-based compensation expenses and the career transition program, respectively, as these expenses do not directly affect what we consider to be our core operating performance. Comparative periods presented to the extent impacted were updated.

Although we use our non-GAAP financial measures to assess the performance of our business, such use is limited because they do not include certain material costs necessary to operate our business. Our non-GAAP financial measures can represent the effect of long-term strategies as opposed to short-term results. Our presentation of our non-GAAP financial measures should not be construed as an indication that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or nonrecurring items. Our non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider them in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Because of these limitations, our non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered as measures of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business or as measures of cash that will be available to us to meet our obligations.




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Limitations to our non-GAAP financial measures included, but are not limited to:

(a)    they do not reflect every cash expenditure, future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

(b)    Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the significant interest expense or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payment on our debt;

(c)    although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced or require improvements in the future, and Adjusted Revenue, Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect any cash requirement for such replacements or improvements; and

(d)    they are not adjusted for all non-cash income or expense items that are reflected in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

We compensate for these limitations by using our non-GAAP financial measures along with other comparative tools, together with U.S. GAAP measurements, to assist in the evaluation of operating performance. See below for reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measures to their most comparable U.S. GAAP measures. Additionally, our U.S. GAAP-based measures can be found in the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q.

Reconciliation of Adjusted Revenue to Total Revenue, net
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)2022202120222021
Total revenue, net$1,294,686 $3,114,730 $5,357,701 $10,321,699 
Change in fair value of MSRs due to valuation assumptions (net of hedges) (1)(406,484)47,514 (1,412,670)(329,608)
Adjusted Revenue$888,202 $3,162,244 $3,945,031 $9,992,091 

(1)    Reflects changes in assumptions including discount rates and prepayment speed assumptions, mostly due to changes in market interest rates, and the effects of contractual prepayment protection associated with sales of MSRs.

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Reconciliation of Adjusted Net Income (Loss) to Net Income Attributable to Rocket Companies
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)2022202120222021
Net income attributable to Rocket Companies$6,910 $75,337 $64,037 $260,159 
Net income impact from pro forma conversion of Class D common shares to Class A common shares (1)89,873 1,318,062 1,130,341 4,948,428 
Adjustment to the provision for income tax (2)(16,074)(321,873)(258,860)(1,203,184)
Tax-effected net income (2)$80,709 $1,071,526 $935,518 $4,005,403 
Share-based compensation expense (3)57,762 40,879 186,139 123,987 
Change in fair value of MSRs due to valuation assumptions (net of hedges) (4)(406,484)47,514 (1,412,670)(329,608)
Litigation accrual (5)— — — 15,000 
Career transition program (6)20,126 — 81,132 — 
Change in Tax receivable agreement liability (7)— — (24,354)— 
Tax impact of adjustments (8)80,540 (21,983)291,412 47,407 
Other tax adjustments (9)967 1,009 2,902 2,767 
Adjusted Net (Loss) Income$(166,380)$1,138,945 $60,079 $3,864,956 

(1)    Reflects net income to Class A common stock from pro forma exchange and conversion of corresponding shares of our Class D common shares held by non-controlling interest holders as of September 30, 2022 and 2021.

(2)    Rocket Companies is subject to U.S. Federal income taxes, in addition to state, local and Canadian taxes with respect to its allocable share of any net taxable income of Holdings. The Adjustment to the provision for income tax reflects the difference between (a) the income tax computed using the effective tax rates below applied to the Income before income taxes assuming Rocket Companies, Inc. owns 100% of the non-voting common interest units of Holdings and (b) the Provision for income taxes.
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Net income attributable to Rocket Companies$6,910 $75,337 $64,037 $260,159 
Net income impact from pro forma conversion of Class D common shares to Class A common shares89,873 1,318,062 1,130,341 4,948,428 
Provision for income taxes10,131 32,830 54,741 122,709 
Adjusted income before income taxes106,914 1,426,229 1,249,119 5,331,296 
Effective Income Tax Rate for Adjusted Net Income (Loss)24.51 %24.87 %25.11 %24.87 %
Adjusted provision for income taxes26,205 354,703 313,601 1,325,893 
Provision for income taxes10,131 32,830 54,741 122,709 
Adjustment to the provision for income tax$(16,074)$(321,873)$(258,860)$(1,203,184)

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Statutory U.S. Federal Income Tax Rate21.00 %21.00 %21.00 %21.00 %
Canadian taxes0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 
State and Local Income Taxes (net of federal benefit)3.50 3.86 4.10 3.86 
Effective Income Tax Rate for Adjusted Net Income (Loss)24.51 %24.87 %25.11 %24.87 %

(3)    The nine months ended September 30, 2022 amounts exclude the impact of the career transition program.
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(4)    Reflects changes in assumptions including discount rates and prepayment speed assumptions, mostly due to changes in market interest rates, and the effects of contractual prepayment protection associated with sales of MSRs.

(5)     Reflects legal accrual related to a specific legal matter.

(6)    Reflects net expenses associated with compensation packages, healthcare coverage, career transition services, and accelerated vesting of certain equity awards.

(7)    Reflects changes in estimates of tax rates and other variables of the Tax receivable agreement liability.

(8)    Tax impact of adjustments gives effect to the income tax related to share-based compensation expense, change in fair value of MSRs due to valuation assumptions, litigation accrual, career transition program and the change in Tax receivable agreement liability at the effective tax rates for each quarter.

(9)    Represents tax benefits due to the amortization of intangible assets and other tax attributes resulting from the purchase of Holdings units, net of payment obligations under Tax Receivable Agreement.

Reconciliation of Adjusted Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding to Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands, except shares and per share)
2022202120222021
Diluted weighted average Class A Common shares outstanding 1,970,665,7671,990,828,3511,972,263,268135,392,670
Assumed pro forma conversion of Class D shares (1)———1,855,464,831
Adjusted diluted weighted average shares outstanding1,970,665,7671,990,828,3511,972,263,2681,990,857,501
Adjusted Net (Loss) Income$(166,380)$1,138,945$60,079$3,864,956
Adjusted Diluted (Loss) Earnings Per Share
$(0.08)$0.57$0.03$1.94

(1)    Reflects the proforma exchange and conversion of non-dilutive Class D common stock to Class A common stock. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, Class D common shares were anti-dilutive and therefore included in the proforma conversion of Class D shares in the table above. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the three months ended September 30, 2021, Class D common shares were dilutive and are included in the dilutive weighted average Class A common shares outstanding in the table above.
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Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Net Income
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)2022202120222021
Net income$96,224 $1,392,859 $1,192,588 $5,206,847 
Interest and amortization expense on non-funding debt38,317 34,163 115,263 104,772 
Income tax provision10,131 32,830 54,741 122,709 
Depreciation and amortization24,211 19,577 70,033 55,470 
Share-based compensation expense (1)57,762 40,879 186,139 123,987 
Change in fair value of MSRs due to valuation assumptions (net of hedges) (2)(406,484)47,514 (1,412,670)(329,608)
Litigation accrual (3)— — — 15,000 
Career transition program (4)20,126 — 81,132 — 
Change in Tax receivable agreement liability (5)— — (24,354)— 
Adjusted EBITDA$(159,713)$1,567,822 $262,872 $5,299,177 

(1)    The nine months ended September 30, 2022 amounts exclude the impact of the career transition program.

(2)    Reflects changes in assumptions including discount rates and prepayment speed assumptions, mostly due to changes in market interest rates, and the effects of contractual prepayment protection associated with sales of MSRs.

(3)     Reflects legal accrual related to a specific legal matter.

(4)     Reflects net expenses associated with compensation packages, healthcare coverage, career transition services, and accelerated vesting of certain equity awards.

(5)    Reflects changes in estimates of tax rates and other variables of the Tax receivable agreement liability.

Key Performance Indicators

We monitor a number of key performance indicators to evaluate the performance of our business operations. Our loan production key performance indicators enable us to monitor our ability to generate gain on sale revenue as well as understand how our performance compares to the total mortgage origination market. Our servicing portfolio key performance indicators enable us to monitor the overall size of our servicing portfolio of business, the related value of our mortgage servicing rights, and the health of the business as measured by the average MSR delinquency rate. Other key performance indicators for other Rocket Companies, besides Rocket Mortgage ("Other Rocket Companies"), allow us to monitor both revenues and unit sales generated by these businesses. We also include Rockethomes.com average unique monthly visits, as we believe traffic on the site is an indicator of consumer interest.

The following summarizes key performance indicators of the business:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Units and $ in thousands)2022202120222021
Loan Production Data
Closed loan origination volume$25,578,262$88,046,623$114,098,993$275,336,000
Direct to Consumer origination volume$14,553,921$48,077,894$67,978,968$154,733,543
Partner Network origination volume$11,024,341$39,968,729$46,120,025$120,602,457
Gain on sale margin (1)2.69 %3.05 %2.91 %3.21 %
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September 30,
20222021
Servicing Portfolio Data
Total serviced UPB (includes subserviced)$531,029,666$521,300,240
MSRs UPB of loans serviced$495,614,634$454,666,840
UPB of loans subserviced and temporarily serviced$35,415,032$66,633,400
Total loans serviced (includes subserviced)2,517.32,433.6
Number of MSRs loans serviced2,427.12,239.0
Number of loans subserviced and temporarily serviced90.2194.6
MSR fair value multiple (2)5.133.61
Total serviced delinquency rate, excluding loans in forbearance (60+)0.76 %0.83 %
Total serviced MSR delinquency rate (60+)1.11 %2.15 %
Net client retention rate (trailing twelve months)93 %91 %
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Other Rocket Companies
Amrock closings (units)54.4261.5305.3870.6
Rocket Homes real estate transactions8.19.126.724.0
Rockethomes.com average unique monthly visitors (3)1,652.12,398.42,376.11,769.9
Rocket Loans closed (units)7.84.920.312.1
Total Other Rocket Companies gross revenue
$139,544$402,751$613,234$1,235,055
Total Other Rocket Companies net revenue (4)
$108,657$385,110$529,423$1,181,941
(1)    Gain on sale margin is calculated by dividing Gain on sale of loans, net by the net rate lock volume for the period. Gain on sale of loans, net includes the net gain on sale of loans, fair value of originated MSRs, fair value adjustments on originated loans held for sale and IRLC’s, and revaluation of forward commitments economically hedging loans held for sale and IRLCs. This metric is a measure of gain on sale revenue and excludes revenues from Rocket Loans, changes in the loan repurchase reserve and fair value adjustments on repurchased loans held on our balance sheet, such as early buyouts.

(2)    MSRs fair market value multiple is a metric used to determine the relative value of the MSRs asset in relation to the annualized retained servicing fee, which is the cash that the holder of the MSRs asset would receive from the portfolio over such period. It is calculated as the quotient of (a) the MSRs fair market value as of a specified date divided by (b) the weighted average annualized retained servicing fee for our MSRs portfolio as of such date. The weighted average annualized retained servicing fee for our MSRs portfolio was 0.29% and 0.29% as of September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The vast majority of our portfolio consists of originated MSRs and consequently, the impact of purchased MSRs does not have a material impact on our weighted average service fee.

(3)    Rockethomes.com average unique monthly visitors is calculated by a third party service that monitors website activity. This metric doesn't necessarily have a direct correlation to revenues and is used primarily to monitor consumer interest in the Rockethomes.com site.

(4)    Net revenue presented above is calculated as gross revenues less intercompany revenue eliminations. A portion of the Other Rocket Companies revenues is generated through intercompany transactions. These intercompany transactions take place with entities that are part of our platform. Consequently, we view gross revenue of individual Other Rocket Companies as a key performance indicator, and we consider net revenue of Other Rocket Companies on a combined basis.

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Description of Certain Components of Financial Data

Components of Revenue

Our sources of revenue include Gain on sale of loans, net, Loan servicing income (loss), Interest income, net, and Other income.

Gain on sale of loans, net

Gain on sale of loans, net includes all components related to the origination and sale of mortgage loans, including net gain on sale of loans, which represents the premium we receive in excess of the loan principal amount and certain fees charged by investors upon sale of loans into the secondary market, loan origination fees, credits, points and certain costs, provision for or benefit from investor reserves, the change in fair value of interest rate locks (“IRLCs” or “rate lock”) and loans held for sale, the gain or loss on forward commitments hedging loans held for sale and IRLCs, and (6) the fair value of originated MSRs. MSR assets are created at the time Mortgage Loans Held for Sale are securitized and sold to investors for cash, while the Company retains the MSR.

Loan servicing income (loss)

The value of newly originated MSRs is recognized as a component of the gain on sale of loans, net when loans are sold and the associated servicing rights are retained. Loan servicing fee income consists of the contractual fees earned for servicing the loans and includes ancillary revenue such as late fees and modification incentives. Loan servicing fee income is recorded to income as earned, which is upon collection of payments from borrowers.

Interest income, net

Interest income, net is interest earned on mortgage loans held for sale net of the interest expense paid on our loan funding facilities.

Other income

Other income includes revenues generated from Amrock (title insurance services, property valuation, and settlement services), Rocket Homes (real estate network referral fees), Rocket Auto (auto marketplace sales revenues), Core Digital Media (third party lead generation revenues), Rock Connections (third party sales and support revenues), Rocket Money - formerly known as Truebill (personal finance), Rocket Loans (personal loans) and professional service fees. The professional service fees represent amounts received in exchange for professional services provided to affiliated companies. Services are provided primarily in connection with technology, facilities, human resources, accounting, training, and security functions. Other income also includes revenues from investment interest income.

Components of operating expenses

Our operating expenses as presented in the statement of operations data include Salaries, commissions and team member benefits, General and administrative expenses, Marketing and advertising expenses, and Other expenses.

Salaries, commissions and team member benefits

Salaries, commissions and team member benefits include all payroll, benefits, and share-based compensation expenses for our team members.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses primarily include occupancy costs, professional services, loan processing expenses on loans that do not close or that are not charged to clients on closed loans, commitment fees, fees on loan funding facilities, license fees, office expenses and other operating expenses.

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Marketing and advertising expenses

Marketing and advertising expenses are primarily related to performance and brand marketing.

Other expenses

Other expenses primarily consist of depreciation and amortization on property and equipment, and mortgage servicing related expenses.

Income taxes

In calculating the provision for interim income taxes, in accordance with ASC Topic 740 Income Taxes, we apply an estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date ordinary income. At the end of each interim period, we estimate the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full year. Tax-effects of significant, unusual or infrequently occurring items are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate calculation and recognized in the interim period in which they occur.

Tax Receivable Agreement
Refer to Note 7, Income Taxes for more information on Tax Receivable Agreement.

Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation is comprised of both equity and liability awards and is measured and expensed accordingly under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718 Compensation - Stock Compensation. As indicated above, share-based compensation expense is included as part of salaries, benefits and team member benefits.

Non-controlling interest

We are the sole managing member of Holdings and consolidate the financial results of Holdings. Therefore, we report a non-controlling interest based on the Holdings Units of Holdings held by Dan Gilbert, our founder and Chairman (our "Chairman") and RHI on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Income or loss is attributed to the non-controlling interests based on the weighted average Holdings Units outstanding during the period and is presented on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income . Refer to Note 12, Non-controlling Interests for more information on non-controlling interests.
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Results of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021
Summary of Operations

Condensed Statement of Operations DataThree Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)2022202120222021
Revenue
Gain on sale of loans, net$566,011 $2,654,213 $2,856,634 $8,548,144 
Servicing fee income364,211 334,348 1,088,004 970,058 
Change in fair value of MSRs150,304 (341,361)592,162 (556,201)
Interest income, net49,580 57,185 134,914 106,853 
Other income164,580 410,345 685,987 1,252,845 
Total revenue, net$1,294,686 $3,114,730 $5,357,701 $10,321,699 
Expenses
Salaries, commissions and team member benefits670,804 870,010 2,278,844 2,552,679 
General and administrative expenses204,290 313,405 709,853 867,639 
Marketing and advertising expenses210,701 316,471 770,281 943,999 
Interest and amortization expense on non-funding-debt38,317 34,163 115,263 104,772 
Other expenses64,219 154,992 236,131 523,054 
Total expenses$1,188,331 $1,689,041 $4,110,372 $4,992,143 
Income before income taxes106,355 1,425,689 1,247,329 5,329,556 
Provision for income taxes(10,131)(32,830)(54,741)(122,709)
Net income 96,224 1,392,859 1,192,588 5,206,847 
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest(89,314)(1,317,522)(1,128,551)(4,946,688)
Net income attributable to Rocket Companies$6,910 $75,337 $64,037 $260,159 
Gain on sale of loans, net

The components of gain on sale of loans for the periods presented were as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)2022202120222021
Net gain (loss) on sale of loans (1)$206,920 $1,947,251 $(366,944)$6,238,821 
Fair value of originated MSRs426,278 907,242 1,682,366 2,937,517 
(Provision for) benefit from investor reserves(25,309)(6,327)(37,542)7,642 
Fair value adjustment on loans held for sale and IRLCs(715,076)(192,529)(1,200,502)(1,719,448)
Revaluation from forward commitments economically hedging loans held for sale and IRLCs673,198 (1,424)2,779,256 1,083,612 
Gain on sale of loans, net$566,011 $2,654,213 $2,856,634 $8,548,144 

(1)    Net (loss) gain on sale of loans represents the premium received in excess of the UPB, plus net origination fees.
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The table below provides details of the characteristics of our mortgage loan production for each of the periods presented:
($ in thousands)Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
Loan origination volume by type2022202120222021
Conventional Conforming$17,408,319$69,296,358$86,155,583$214,257,003
FHA/VA6,485,11112,860,36722,181,93944,253,311
Non-Agency1,684,8325,889,8985,761,47116,825,686
Total mortgage loan origination volume$25,578,262$88,046,623$114,098,993$275,336,000
Portfolio metrics
Average loan amount$287$286$285$281
Weighted average loan-to-value ratio74.96 %67.73 %71.81 %67.80 %
Weighted average credit score729746734750
Weighted average loan rate5.29 %2.79 %4.15 %2.78 %
Percentage of loans sold
To GSEs and government93.08 %91.22 %91.45 %93.72 %
To other counterparties6.92 %8.78 %8.55 %6.28 %
Servicing-retained98.43 %91.84 %99.33 %95.31 %
Servicing-released1.57 %8.16 %0.67 %4.69 %
Net rate lock volume (1)$23,745,568$86,710,232$102,744,515$265,412,457
Gain on sale margin (2)2.69 %3.05 %2.91 %3.21 %

(1)    Net rate lock volume includes the UPB of loans subject to IRLCs, net of the pull-through factor as described in the “Description of Certain Components of Financial Data” section above.
(2)    Gain on sale margin is calculated by dividing Gain on sale of loans, net by the net rate lock volume for the period. Gain on sale of loans, net includes the net gain on sale of loans, fair value of originated MSRs, fair value adjustments on originated loans held for sale and IRLC’s, and revaluation of forward commitments economically hedging loans held for sale and IRLCs. This metric is a measure of gain on sale revenue and excludes revenues from Rocket Loans, changes in the loan repurchase reserve and fair value adjustments on repurchased loans held on our balance sheet, such as early buyouts. See the table above for each of the components of gain on sale of loans, net.
Overview of the Gain on sale of loans, net table

At the time an IRLC is issued, an estimate of the Gain on sale of loans, net is recognized in the Fair value adjustment on loans held for sale and IRLCs component in the table above. Subsequent changes in the fair value of IRLCs and mortgage loans held for sale are recognized in this same component as the loan progresses through closing, which is the moment that loans moves from an IRLC to a loan held for sale, and ultimately through the sale of the loan. We deploy a hedge strategy to mitigate the impact of interest rate changes from the point of the IRLC through the sale of the loan. The changes to the Fair value adjustment on loans held for sale and IRLCs in each period is dependent on several factors, including mortgage origination volume, how long a loan remains at a given stage in the origination process and the movement of interest rates during that period as compared to the immediately preceding period. Loans originated during an increasing rate environment generally decrease in value, and loans originated during a decreasing rate environment generally increase in value. When the mortgage loan is sold into the secondary market, any difference between the proceeds received and the current fair value of the loan is recognized and moves from the Fair value adjustment on loans held for sale and IRLCs component in the Net (loss) gain on sale of loans component in the table above. The Revaluation from forward commitments economically hedging loans held for sale and IRLCs component reflects the forward hedge commitments intended to offset the various fair value adjustments that impact the Fair value adjustment on loans held for sale and IRLCs and the Net (loss) gain on sale of loans components. As a result, these three components should be evaluated in combination when evaluating Gain on sale of loans, net, as the sum of these components are primarily driven by net rate lock volume. Furthermore, at the point of sale of the loan, the Fair value of originated MSRs and the (Provision for) benefit from investor reserves are recognized each in their respective components shown above.

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Three months ended September 30, 2022 summary

Gain on sale of loans, net was $566.0 million, a decrease of $2.1 billion, or 79%, when compared to $2.7 billion for the same period in 2021, primarily driven by the changes in Net (loss) gain on sale of loans, Fair value adjustment on loans held for sale and IRLCs and IRLCs and Revaluation from forward commitments economically hedging loans held for sale. Increased interest rates during the period led to a 73% decrease in net rate lock volume, which drove a 91% combined decrease in in these three components.

The fair value of MSRs originated was $426.3 million, a decrease of $481.0 million, or 53%, as compared with $907.2 million in 2021. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction in sold loan volume of $58.9 billion, or 68%, to $28.3 billion in 2022 from $87.2 billion in 2021.

The (provision for) benefit from investor reserves is related to the provision to establish our estimated liabilities associated with the potential repurchase or indemnity of purchasers of loans previously sold due to representation and warranty claims by investors. The $19.0 million, or 300% decrease compared to 2021, was primarily due to a decrease in the forecasted probability of future loan repurchases in 2021, which resulted in a reduction to our provision.

Nine months ended September 30, 2022 summary

Gain on sale of loans, net was $2.9 billion, a decrease of $5.7 billion, or 67%, as compared with $8.5 billion for the same period in 2021, primarily driven by the changes in Net (loss) gain on sale of loans, Fair value adjustment on loans held for sale and IRLCs and IRLCs and Revaluation from forward commitments economically hedging loans held for sale. Increased interest rates during the period led to a 61% decrease in net rate lock volume, which drove a 78% combined decrease in in these three components.

The fair value of MSRs originated was $1.7 billion, a decrease of $1.3 billion, or 43%, when compared to $2.9 billion in 2021. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction in sold loan volume of $148.4 billion, or 55%, to $123.6 billion in 2022 from $272.0 billion in 2021.

The (provision for) benefit from investor reserves is related to the provision to establish our estimated liabilities associated with the potential repurchase or indemnity of purchasers of loans previously sold due to representation and warranty claims by investors. The $45.2 million, or 591% decrease compared to 2021, was primarily due to a decrease in the forecasted probability of future loan repurchases in 2021, which resulted in a reduction to our provision.

Loan servicing income (loss)
For the periods presented, Loan servicing income (loss) consisted of the following:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)2022202120222021
Retained servicing fee$353,345 $326,077 $1,057,298 $945,180 
Subservicing income2,059 2,038 6,813 7,032 
Ancillary income8,807 6,233 23,893 17,846 
Servicing fee income364,211 334,348 1,088,004 970,058 
Change in valuation model inputs or assumptions (1)432,571 (51,431)1,479,109 344,787 
Change in fair value of MSRs hedge(26,086)3,917 (66,439)(15,179)
Collection / realization of cash flows(256,181)(293,847)(820,508)(885,809)
Change in fair value of MSRs150,304 (341,361)592,162 (556,201)
Loan servicing income (loss)$514,515 $(7,013)$1,680,166 $413,857 

(1)     Includes the effect of contractual prepayment protection resulting from sales of MSRs prepayment protection

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September 30,
($ in thousands)20222021
MSRs UPB of loans serviced$495,614,634$454,666,840
Number of MSRs loans serviced2,427,0612,238,947
UPB of loans subserviced and temporarily serviced$35,415,032$66,633,400
Number of loans subserviced and temporarily serviced90,262194,637
Total serviced UPB$531,029,666$521,300,240
Total loans serviced2,517,3232,433,584
MSRs fair value$7,260,066$4,701,045
Total serviced delinquency rate, excluding loans in forbearance (60+)0.76%0.83%
Total serviced delinquency count (60+) as % of total1.11%2.15%
Weighted average credit score736738
Weighted average LTV70.99%70.80%
Weighted average loan rate3.34%3.19%
Weighted average service fee0.29%0.29%

Three months ended September 30, 2022 summary

Loan servicing income (loss) was $514.5 million, which compares to $(7.0) million for the same period in 2021. The changes in valuation model inputs or assumptions was a $432.6 million increase as compared to a $51.4 million decrease for the same period in 2021, driven by lower prepayment speed assumptions, due to the increase in mortgage interest rates. Servicing fee income also increased to $364.2 million as compared to $334.3 million in 2021, due to the growth in our servicing portfolio.

Nine months ended September 30, 2022 summary

Loan servicing income was $1.7 billion, which compares to $413.9 million for the same period in 2021. The changes in valuation model inputs or assumptions was $1.5 billion increase in 2022, as compared to a $344.8 million increase in 2021, predominately due to lower prepayment speed assumptions, which was due to the increase in mortgage interest rates. Servicing fee income also increased to $1.1 billion as compared to $970.1 million for the same period in 2021, primarily a result of the growth in our servicing unpaid principal balances.

Interest income, net

The components of Interest income, net for the periods presented were as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)2022202120222021
Interest income$95,753 $129,963 $265,490 $311,853 
Interest expense on funding facilities(46,173)(72,778)(130,576)(205,000)
Interest income, net$49,580 $57,185 $134,914 $106,853 

Three months ended September 30, 2022 summary

Interest income, net was $49.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, a decrease of $7.6 million, or 13%, as compared to $57.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease in interest income, net in 2022 was primarily attributable to less sold loan volume.

Nine months ended September 30, 2022 summary

Interest income, net was $134.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, an increase of $28.1 million, or 26%, as compared to $106.9 million for the same period in 2021. The increase in interest income, net in 2022 was attributable to higher mortgage interest rates and savings on interest expense due to the relative increase in self-funding of loans.
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Other income

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)2022202120222021
Amrock revenue$85,733 $326,632 $435,154 $1,061,390 
Rocket Money revenue38,511 — 102,476 — 
Rocket Loans revenue2,798 37,598 37,431 55,282 
Rocket Homes revenue12,681 16,078 38,968 39,804 
Other (1)24,857 30,037 71,958 96,369 
Total Other income$164,580 $410,345 $685,987 $1,252,845 

(1) Other consists of revenue from additional entities and other miscellaneous income.

Three months ended September 30, 2022 summary

Other income decreased $245.8 million, or 60%, to $164.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to $410.3 million for the same period in 2021. The decrease was primarily a result of a reduction in revenues at Amrock of $240.9 million or 74%, driven by lower mortgage origination volume.

Nine months ended September 30, 2022 summary

Other income decreased $566.9 million, or 45%, to $686.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to $1.3 billion for same period in 2021. The decrease was primarily a result of a reduction in revenues at Amrock of $626.2 million or 59%, driven by lower mortgage origination volume.

Expenses

Expenses for the periods presented were as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)2022202120222021
Salaries, commissions and team member benefits$670,804 $870,010 $2,278,844 $2,552,679 
General and administrative expenses204,290 313,405 709,853 867,639 
Marketing and advertising expenses210,701 316,471 770,281 943,999 
Interest and amortization expense on non-funding debt38,317 34,163 115,263 104,772 
Other expenses64,219 154,992 236,131 523,054 
Total expenses$1,188,331 $1,689,041 $4,110,372 $4,992,143 

Three months ended September 30, 2022 summary

Total expenses were $1.2 billion, a decrease of $500.7 million or 30%, as compared with $1.7 billion for the same period in 2021. The decrease was driven by our cost saving measures affecting salaries, commissions, and team member benefits, general and administrative expenses, marketing and advertising expenses and other expenses, including production and other vendor-related costs. Salaries, commissions, and team member benefits was $670.8 million in 2022, a decrease of $199.2 million or 23%, primarily due to a decrease in team members in production roles and lower variable compensation associated with lower production levels. General and administrative expenses was $204.3 million, a decrease of $109.1 million or 35%, as compared with $313.4 million for the same period in 2021 driven primarily by a decrease in loan processing costs. Other expenses was $64.2 million, a decrease of $90.8 million, or 59%, as compared with $155.0 million for the same period primarily due to decreases in title related expenses at Amrock.


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Nine months ended September 30, 2022 summary

Total expenses were $4.1 billion, a decrease of $881.8 million or 18%, as compared with $5.0 billion for the same period in 2021. The decrease was driven by our cost saving measures affecting salaries, commissions, and team member benefits, general and administrative expenses, marketing and advertising expenses and other expenses, including production and other vendor-related costs. Salaries, commissions, and team member benefits was $2.3 billion in 2022, which was a decrease of $273.8 million or 11%, primarily due to a decrease in team members in production roles and lower variable compensation associated with a lower production levels. General and administrative expenses was $709.9 million, which was a decrease of $157.8 million or 18%, as compared with $867.6 million, primarily driven by a decrease in loan processing costs. Other expenses were $236.1 million, a decrease of $286.9 million, or 55%, as compared with $523.1 million, primarily due to decreases in title related expenses at Amrock.

Summary Results by Segment for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

Our operations are organized by distinct marketing channels which promote client acquisition into our platform and include two reportable segments: Direct to Consumer and Partner Network. We measure the performance of the segments primarily on a contribution margin basis. Contribution margin is intended to measure the direct profitability of each segment and is calculated as Adjusted Revenue less directly attributable expenses. Adjusted Revenue is a non-GAAP financial measure described above. Directly attributable expenses include Salaries, commissions and team member benefits, Marketing and advertising expenses, General and administrative expenses and Other expenses, such as direct servicing costs and origination costs. For segments, we measure gain on sale margin of sold loans and refer to this metric as ‘Sold Loan Gain on Sale Margin’. A loan is considered sold when it is sold to investors in the secondary market. In previous disclosures, ‘sold loans’ were referred to as ‘funded loans’. Sold loan gain on sale margin represents revenues on loans that have been sold divided by the sold UPB amount. Sold loan gain on sale margin is used specifically in the context of measuring the gain on sale margins of our Direct to Consumer and Partner Network segments. Sold loan gain on sale margin is an important metric in evaluating the revenue generating performance of our segments as it allows us to measure this metric at a segment level with a high degree of precision. By contrast, ‘gain on sale margin’, which we use outside of the segment discussion, measures the gain on sale revenue generation of our combined mortgage business. See below for our overview and discussion of segment results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. For additional discussion, see Note 11, Segments of the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of this Form 10-Q.

Direct to Consumer Results
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)2022202120222021
Sold Loan Volume$16,520,252 $49,556,034 $72,223,077 $163,496,557 
Sold Loan Gain on Sale Margin4.47 %4.47 %4.15 %4.88 %
Revenue
Gain on sale$486,018$2,241,633$2,348,573$7,155,872
Interest income61,13377,112169,679188,269
Interest expense on funding facilities(29,767)(43,528)(84,198)(124,942)
Service fee income363,279333,6531,085,557967,993
Changes in fair value of MSRs150,304(341,361)592,162(556,201)
Other income83,363234,381343,300769,152
Total Revenue, net$1,114,330$2,501,890$4,455,073$8,400,143
(Increase) decrease in MSRs due to valuation assumptions (net of hedges)(406,485)47,514(1,412,670)(329,608)
Adjusted Revenue$707,845$2,549,404$3,042,403$8,070,535
Less: Directly Attributable Expenses (1)558,760927,8972,037,4012,808,340
Contribution Margin$149,085$1,621,507$1,005,002$5,262,195

(1)    Direct expenses attributable to operating segments exclude corporate overhead, depreciation and amortization, and interest and amortization expense on non-funding debt.

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Three months ended September 30, 2022 summary

Direct to Consumer Adjusted Revenue was $707.8 million, a decrease of $1.8 billion, or 72% when compared to $2.5 billion for the same period in 2021. Gain on sale revenue decreased $1.8 billion, or 78%, due to a decline in Direct to Consumer sold loan volume. Sold loan volume was $16.5 billion, a decrease of $33.0 billion, or 67% as compared to 2021.

Direct to Consumer Directly Attributable Expenses decreased $369.1 million, or 40%, to $558.8 million, compared to $927.9 million in 2021. The decrease was primarily due to a decreased variable compensation and loan processing costs associated with lower volumes, fewer team members in production roles and reduced marketing spend.

Direct to Consumer Contribution Margin decreased $1.5 billion, or 91%, to $149.1 million, compared to $1.6 billion 2021. The decrease in Contribution Margin was driven primarily by the decrease in Direct to Consumer sold loan volume noted above.

Nine months ended September 30, 2022 summary

Direct to Consumer Adjusted Revenue was $3.0 billion, a decrease of $5.0 billion, or 62% when compared to $8.1 billion for the same period in 2021. Gain on sale revenue decreased $4.8 billion, or 67%, due to a decline in Direct to Consumer sold loan volume and gain on sale margins. Sold loan volume was $72.2 billion, a decrease of $91.3 billion, or 56% as compared to 2021. In addition, sold loan gain on sale margin was 4.15% as compared to 4.88% during the same period in 2021, driven primarily by more price competition related to excess industry capacity.

Direct to Consumer Directly Attributable Expenses decreased $770.9 million, or 27%, to $2.0 billion compared to $2.8 billion during the same period in 2021. The decline was primarily due to decreased variable compensation and loan processing costs associated with lower volumes, fewer team members in production roles and reduced marketing spend.

Direct to Consumer Contribution Margin decreased $4.3 billion, or 81%, to $1.0 billion, compared to $5.3 billion during the same period in 2021. The decrease in Contribution Margin was driven primarily by the decrease in Direct to Consumer sold loan volume and gain on sale margins noted above.

Partner Network Results
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)2022202120222021
Sold Loan Volume$11,753,634 $37,665,745 $51,366,626 $108,514,309 
Sold Loan Gain on Sale Margin1.17 %0.78 %1.07 %1.32 %
Revenue
Gain on sale$75,110$402,649$490,625$1,374,729
Interest income33,87151,81593,586121,097
Interest expense on funding facilities(16,401)(29,248)(46,369)(80,010)
Other income5,63131,30129,31082,306
Total Revenue, net$98,211$456,517$567,152$1,498,122
Decrease (increase) in MSRs due to valuation assumptions (net of hedges)————
Adjusted Revenue$98,211$456,517$567,152$1,498,122
Less: Directly Attributable Expenses86,742176,246302,477532,087
Total Contribution Margin$11,469$280,271$264,675$966,035







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Three months ended September 30, 2022 summary

Partner Network Adjusted Revenue was $98.2 million, a decrease of $358.3 million, or 78% when compared to $456.5 million for the same period in 2021. Gain on sale revenue decreased $327.5 million, or 81%, due to lower sold loan volumes. Sold loan volume was $11.8 billion, a decrease of $25.9 billion, or 69% as compared to the same period in 2021. In addition, sold loan gain on sale margin was 1.17% as compared to 0.78% for the same period in 2021. While sold loan gain on sale margin was up as compared to the same period in 2021 due to a more favorable mix, net rate lock margins were flat as compared to the same period in 2021.

Partner Network Directly Attributable Expenses decreased $89.5 million, or 51%, to $86.7 million compared to $176.2 million for the same period in 2021. The decrease was driven primarily due to decreased variable compensation and loan processing costs associated with lower volumes and fewer team members in production roles.

Partner Network Contribution Margin decreased $268.8 million, or 96%, to $11.5 million compared to $280.3 million for the same period in 2021. The decrease in Contribution Margin was driven primarily by the decrease in Partner Network sold loan volume.

Nine months ended September 30, 2022 summary

Partner Network Adjusted Revenue was $567.2 million, a decrease of $931.0 million, or 62% when compared to $1.5 billion for the same period in 2021. Gain on sale revenue decreased $884.1 million, or 64%, due primarily to lower sold loan volumes and lower sold loan gain on sale margin. Sold loan volume was $51.4 billion, a decrease of $57.1 billion, or 53%. In addition, sold loan gain on sale margin was 1.07%, as compared to 1.32%, for the same period in 2021, a decrease that was driven by more price competition related to excess industry capacity.

Partner Network Directly Attributable Expenses decreased $229.6 million, or 43%, to $302.5 million, compared to $532.1 million for the same period in 2021. The decrease was due to decreased variable compensation and loan processing costs associated with lower volumes and fewer team members in production roles.

Partner Network Contribution Margin decreased $701.4 million, or 73%, to $264.7 million compared to $966.0 million for the same period in 2021. The decrease in Contribution Margin was driven primarily by the decrease in Partner Network sold loan volume and sold loan gain on sale margin.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historically, our primary sources of liquidity have included:

•    borrowings, including under our loan funding facilities and other secured and unsecured financing facilities;

•    cash flow from our operations, including:

•    sale of whole loans into the secondary market;

•    sale of mortgage servicing rights into the secondary market;

•    loan origination fees;

•    servicing fee income; and

•    interest income on loans held for sale; and

•    cash and marketable securities on hand.

Historically, our primary uses of funds have included:

•    origination of loans;

•    payment of interest expense;

•    prepayment of debt;

•    payment of operating expenses; and

•    distributions to RHI including those to fund distributions for payment of taxes by its ultimate shareholders.

We are also subject to contingencies which may have a significant impact on the use of our cash.

In order to originate and aggregate loans for sale into the secondary market, we use our own working capital and borrow or obtain money on a short-term basis primarily through committed and uncommitted loan funding facilities established with large global banks.

Our loan funding facilities are primarily in the form of master repurchase agreements. We also have loan funding facilities directly with the GSEs. Loans financed under these facilities are generally financed at approximately 97% to 98% of the principal balance of the loan (although certain types of loans are financed at lower percentages of the principal balance of the loan), which requires us to fund the balance from cash generated from operations. Once closed, the underlying residential mortgage loan that is held for sale is pledged as collateral for the borrowing or advance that was made under these loan funding facilities. In most cases, the loans will remain in one of the loan funding facilities for only a short time, generally less than one month, until the loans are pooled and sold. During the time the loans are held for sale, we earn interest income from the borrower on the underlying mortgage loan. This income is partially offset by the interest and fees we have to pay under the loan funding facilities.

When we sell a pool of loans in the secondary market, the proceeds received from the sale of the loans are used to pay back the amounts we owe on the loan funding facilities. We rely on the cash generated from the sale of loans to fund future loans and repay borrowings under our loan funding facilities. Delays or failures to sell loans in the secondary market could have an adverse effect on our liquidity position.

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As discussed in Note 5, Borrowings, of the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q, as of September 30, 2022, we had 17 different funding facilities in different amounts and with various maturities together with the Senior Notes. At September 30, 2022, the aggregate available amount under our facilities was $25.7 billion, with combined outstanding balances of $5.7 billion and unutilized capacity of $20.0 billion.

The amount of financing actually advanced on each individual loan under our loan funding facilities, as determined by agreed upon advance rates, may be less than the stated advance rate depending, in part, on the market value of the mortgage loans securing the financings. Each of our loan funding facilities allows the bank providing the funds to evaluate the market value of the loans that are serving as collateral for the borrowings or advances being made. If the bank determines that the value of the collateral has decreased, the bank can require us to provide additional collateral or reduce the amount outstanding with respect to those loans (e.g., initiate a margin call). Our inability or unwillingness to satisfy the request could result in the termination of the facilities and possible default under our other loan funding facilities. In addition, a large unanticipated margin call could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity.

The amount owed and outstanding on our loan funding facilities fluctuates significantly based on our origination volume, the amount of time it takes us to sell the loans it originates, and the amount of loans being self-funded with cash. We may from time to time use surplus cash to “buy-down” the effective interest rate of certain loan funding facilities or to self-fund a portion of our loan originations. Buy-down funds are included in Cash and cash equivalents on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We have the ability to withdraw these funds at any time, unless a margin call has been made or a default has occurred under the relevant facilities. We will also deploy cash to self-fund loan originations, a portion of which can be transferred to a warehouse line or the early buy out line, provided that such loans meet the eligibility criteria to be placed on such lines. The remaining portion will be funded in normal course over a short period of time, generally less than 45 days.

We remain in a strong liquidity position, with total liquidity of $8.8 billion as of September 30, 2022, which includes $0.8 billion of cash on hand, $3.2 billion of corporate cash used to self-fund loan originations, a portion of which could be transferred to funding facilities (warehouse lines) at our discretion, $3.1 billion of undrawn lines of credit from non-funding facilities, and $1.7 billion of undrawn MSR lines. As of September 30, 2022, our available cash position was $4.0 billion, which includes cash on hand and corporate cash used to self-fund loan originations, combined with the $7.3 billion of mortgage servicing rights, representing a total of $11.3 billion dollars of asset value on our balance sheet.

Our loan funding facilities, early buy out facilities, MSRs facility and unsecured lines of credit also generally require us to comply with certain operating and financial covenants and the availability of funds under these facilities is subject to, among other conditions, our continued compliance with these covenants. These financial covenants include, but are not limited to, maintaining (1) a certain minimum tangible net worth, (2) minimum liquidity, (3) a maximum ratio of total liabilities or total debt to tangible net worth and (4) pre-tax net income requirements. A breach of these covenants can result in an event of default under these facilities and as such allows the lenders to pursue certain remedies. In addition, each of these facilities, as well as our unsecured lines of credit, includes cross default or cross acceleration provisions that could result in all facilities terminating if an event of default or acceleration of maturity occurs under any facility. We were in compliance with all covenants as of September 30, 2022 and 2021.

September 30, 2022 compared to September 30, 2021

Cash Flows

Our Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash were $0.9 billion at September 30, 2022, a decrease of $1.5 billion, or 63%, compared to $2.4 billion at September 30, 2021. The decrease was primarily driven by distributions made to Class A shareholders of the Company and to unit holders (members) of Holdings partially offset by the net increase from earnings adjusted for non-cash items.

Equity

Equity was $8.9 billion as of September 30, 2022, a decrease of $0.3 billion, or 3%, as compared to $9.2 billion as of September 30, 2021. The decrease was primarily a result of distributions made to Class A shareholders of the Company and to unit holders (members) of Holdings and the repurchase of Class A Common Shares, offset by net income of $2.1 billion and share-based compensation of $201.3 million.
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Distributions
On February 24, 2022, our board of directors declared a cash dividend (the "2022 Special Dividend") of $1.01 per share to the holders of our Class A common stock. The 2022 Special Dividend was paid on March 22, 2022 to holders of the Class A common stock of record as of the close of business on March 8, 2022. The Company funded the 2022 Special Dividend from cash distributions of approximately $2.0 billion by RKT Holdings, LLC to all of its members, including the Company. To the extent the 2022 Special Dividend exceeded our current and accumulated earnings and profits, a portion of the 2022 Special Dividend may be deemed a return of capital or a capital gain to the investors in our Class A common stock. Refer to our risks and uncertainties discussed under the heading “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” and in Part II. Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and in our Form 10-K.

On February 25, 2021, our board of directors authorized and declared a cash dividend (the "2021 Special Dividend") of $1.11 per share to the holders of our Class A common stock. The Special Dividend was paid on March 23, 2021 to holders of the Class A common stock of record as of the close of business on March 9, 2021. The Company funded the Special Dividend from cash distributions of approximately $2.2 billion by RKT Holdings, LLC to all of its members, including the Company.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 the Company had a $2.0 billion 2022 Special Dividend and $166.7 million of tax distributions, for a total of approximately $2.2 billion of distributions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 the Company had a $2.2 billion 2021 Special Dividend and $1.8 billion in tax distributions, for a total of approximately $4.0 billion of distributions. Except for tax distributions, these distributions are at the discretion of our board of directors.

Contractual Obligations, Commercial Commitments, and Other Contingencies

There were no material changes outside the ordinary course of business to our outstanding contractual obligations as of September 30, 2022 from information and amounts previously disclosed as of December 31, 2021 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K under the caption “Contractual Obligations, Commercial Commitments, and Other Contingencies”. Refer to Notes 5, Borrowings, and 9, Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees, of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of contractual obligations, commercial commitments, and other contingencies, including legal contingencies.
New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective
See Note 1, Business, Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies of the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for details of recently issued accounting pronouncements and their expected impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

There have been no material changes to the Company's exposure to market risks since what was disclosed in the Company's December 31, 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q. Based on such evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that as of September 30, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed at a reasonable assurance level and are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in our management’s evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the period covered by this Form 10-Q that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Because of inherent limitations, internal controls over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, we may from time to time be involved in various pending or threatened legal actions. The litigation process is inherently uncertain and it is possible that the resolution of such matters might have a material adverse effect upon our financial condition and/or results of operations. However, in the opinion of our management, matters currently pending or threatened against us are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Refer to Note 9 Commitments, Contingencies, and Guarantees, to the condensed consolidated financial statements under the heading Legal included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for legal proceedings and related matters.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There are certain risks and uncertainties in our business that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated. We included a detailed discussion of our risk factors in “Part I – Item 1A. – Risk Factors” of our 2021 Form 10-K, and in "Item 1A. Risk Factors" of our Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2022 (Q1 2022 Form 10-Q). Other than the additional risk factor noted below, our risk factors have not changed significantly from those disclosed in our 2021 Form 10-K and Q1 2022 Form 10-Q. These risk factors should be read carefully in connection with evaluating our business and in connection with the forward-looking statements and other information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Any of the risks described in our 2021 Form 10-K could materially affect our business, condensed consolidated financial condition or future results and the actual outcome of matters as to which forward-looking statements are made. The risk factors described in our 2021 Form 10-K and Q1 2022 Form 10-Q are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or that we currently deem to be immaterial, also may materially adversely affect our business, condensed consolidated financial condition and/or future results.

Changes in tax laws may adversely affect us, and the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) or a court may disagree with our tax positions, which may result in adverse effects on our financial condition or the value of our common stock.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJA”), enacted on December 22, 2017, significantly affected U.S. tax law, including by changing how the U.S. imposes tax on certain types of income of corporations and by reducing the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate to 21%. It also imposed new limitations on a number of tax benefits, including deductions for business interest, use of net operating loss carry forwards, taxation of foreign income, and the foreign tax credit, among others. The CARES Act, enacted on March 27, 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, further amended the U.S. federal tax code, including in respect of certain changes that were made by the TCJA, generally on a temporary basis. On August 16, 2022, President Biden signed into law the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “Inflation Reduction Act”), which, among other things, imposed a 15% minimum tax on book income of certain large corporations, a 1% excise tax on net stock repurchases and several tax incentives to promote clean energy. Further proposed tax changes that may be enacted in the future could impact our current or future tax structure and effective tax rates. The Biden administration has previously proposed other legislation that would further broaden the tax base and limit tax deductions in certain situations. It is unclear at this time if any of these proposals will be enacted in the future. If enacted, these provisions could have a material, adverse impact on our tax rate, cash flow and financial results. There can be no assurance that future tax law changes will not increase the rate of the corporate income tax significantly, impose new limitations on deductions, credits or other tax benefits, or make other changes that may adversely affect our business, cash flows or financial performance. In the absence of additional clarification and guidance from the IRS on certain tax matters, the Company will take positions with respect to a number of unsettled issues. There is no assurance that the IRS or a court will agree with the positions taken by us, in which case tax penalties and interest may be imposed that could adversely affect our business, cash flows or financial performance. In the future, additional guidance may be issued by the IRS, the Department of the Treasury, or other governing body that may significantly differ from our interpretation of the law, which may result in a material adverse effect on our business or financial condition.





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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Share Repurchase Authorization

On November 1, 2022, the Company's board of directors approved a share repurchase program effective November 11, 2022. The share repurchase program renews and extends the previously approved share repurchase program and authorizes the Company to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock in an aggregate value, not to exceed $1 billion dollars, from time to time, in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions, in accordance with applicable securities laws. The share repurchase program will remain in effect for a two-year period terminating in November 2024. The share repurchase program does not obligate the Company to make any repurchases at any specific time. The timing and extent to which the Company repurchases its shares will depend upon, among other things, market conditions, share price, liquidity targets, regulatory requirements and other factors.

The following table shows the share repurchase activity during the three months ended September 30, 2022:

PeriodNumber of Shares
Repurchased		Average Repurchase Price Per ShareTotal Repurchase Amount
7/1/2022 to 7/31/20221,893,407 $8.81 $16,676,161 
8/1/2022 to 8/31/2022— — — 
9/1/2022 to 9/30/2022570,000 6.81 3,881,777 
Total for the three months ended
September 30, 2022
2,463,407 $8.35 $20,557,938 

As of September 30, 2022 approximately $602.4 million remains available under the Share Repurchase Program.

As of November 2, 2022, Rocket Companies has repurchased 32.1 million shares at a weighted average price of $12.75. Cumulatively, we have returned $408.8 million to shareholders under the $1.0 billion Share Repurchase Program authorized in November 2020.

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Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit NumberDescription
3.1
3.2
#10.1
#10.2*
#10.3*
#10.4*
#10.5*
#10.6*
#10.7*
#10.8*
#10.9*
#10.10*
#10.11*
31.1*
31.2*
32.1*
32.2*
101.INSInline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
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*Filed herewith.
#Certain portions of this exhibit have been redacted pursuant to Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulation S-K. The Company agrees to furnish supplementally an unredacted copy of the exhibit to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon its request.
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Signature
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Rocket Companies, Inc.
November 9, 2022By:/s/ Julie Booth
DateName: Julie Booth
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer)
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