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Property, Plant and Equipment
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Property, Plant and Equipment Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant, and equipment consisted of the following:
(in thousands)September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Land$11,341 $11,356 
Land improvements and infrastructure62,145 62,930 
Manufacturing equipment and pilot plant117,652 116,754 
Computer equipment and software2,759 1,629 
Lab equipment3,649 3,468 
Furniture, fixtures, and machinery5,160 1,094 
Total202,706 197,231 
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization(15,288)(8,136)
Construction in process35,340 54,023 
Total property, plant, and equipment, net$222,758 $243,118 
The depreciation and amortization expense totaled $2.8 million and $7.9 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $0.4 million and $1.0 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.
There were no interest or stock-based compensation costs capitalized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. Interest and stock-based compensation capitalization ceased during the fourth quarter of 2023 as Origin 1 was completed. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company capitalized $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of interest cost into property, plant and equipment related to Origin 1, and capitalized $0.7 million and $2.0 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation related to employees whose costs are necessarily incurred to bring the asset to its intended used.
As discussed in Note 2, the Company identified an impairment loss of $12.3 million related to the capitalized costs specific to the Louisiana site for Origin 2 that were included in construction in process prior to September 30, 2024. The impairment loss was recorded in impairment of assets in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. See Note 17 regarding the classification of the land as held for sale subsequent to September 30, 2024.