Exhibit 99.2
DoubleDown Interactive Co., Ltd.
Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Unaudited)
As of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
Contents
DoubleDown Interactive Co., Ltd.
Consolidated Interim Statement of Financial Position
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | June 30, | | December 31, |
| Notes | | 2025 | | 2024 |
| | | (unaudited) | | |
| Assets | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 3 | | $ | 377,419 | | | $ | 334,850 | |
| Short-term investments | 3 | | 103,759 | | | 80,000 | |
| Accounts receivable, net | 3 | | 30,304 | | | 30,778 | |
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | | | 8,840 | | | 7,614 | |
| Total current assets | | | $ | 520,322 | | | $ | 453,242 | |
| Property and equipment, net | | | 931 | | | 1,025 | |
| Right-of-use assets, net | 5,14 | | 3,946 | | | 4,308 | |
| Intangible assets, net | 4 | | 47,568 | | | 47,666 | |
| Goodwill | 4 | | 397,689 | | | 395,804 | |
| Deferred tax asset | | | - | | | 3,373 | |
| Other non-current assets | 3 | | 728 | | | 746 | |
| Total non-current assets | | | $ | 450,862 | | | $ | 452,922 | |
| Total assets | | | $ | 971,184 | | | $ | 906,164 | |
| Liabilities and equity | | | | | |
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 3,14 | | $ | 22,506 | | | $ | 14,990 | |
| Current lease liabilities | 3,5,14 | | 1,024 | | | 1,162 | |
| Income taxes payable | | | 832 | | | 1,512 | |
| Contract liabilities | | | 1,599 | | | 1,754 | |
| Current portion of borrowings with related party | 3,6 | | 36,862 | | | — | |
| Other current liabilities | | | 3,877 | | | 3,966 | |
| Total current liabilities | | | $ | 66,700 | | | $ | 23,384 | |
| Long-term borrowings with related party | 3,6 | | - | | | 34,014 | |
| Non-current lease liabilities | 3,5 | | 3,316 | | | 3,510 | |
| Deferred tax liabilities | | | 2,827 | | | - | |
| Other non-current liabilities | 7 | | 3,294 | | | 3,223 | |
| Total non-current liabilities | | | $ | 9,437 | | | $ | 40,747 | |
| Total liabilities | | | $ | 76,137 | | | $ | 64,131 | |
| Equity | | | | | |
| Share capital | 9 | | 21,198 | | | 21,198 | |
| Share premium | 9 | | 359,280 | | | 359,280 | |
| Accumulated comprehensive loss | | | (3,460) | | | (10,688) | |
| Retained earnings | | | 517,813 | | | 472,125 | |
| Equity attributable to DoubleDown Interactive Co., Ltd. | | | $ | 894,831 | | | $ | 841,915 | |
| Equity attributable to non-controlling interests | | | 216 | | | 118 | |
| Total equity | | | $ | 895,047 | | | $ | 842,033 | |
| Total liabilities and equity | | | $ | 971,184 | | | $ | 906,164 | |
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements.
DoubleDown Interactive Co., Ltd.
Consolidated Interim Statement of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited, in thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Three months ended June 30, | | Six months ended June 30, |
| Notes | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2025 | | 2024 |
| Revenue | 10,15 | | $ | 84,813 | | | $ | 88,236 | | | $ | 168,305 | | | $ | 176,379 | |
| Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | |
| Cost of revenue | 11,14 | | (23,687) | | | (26,859) | | | (47,812) | | | (54,278) | |
| Sales and marketing | 11 | | (13,087) | | | (11,574) | | | (27,225) | | | (26,634) | |
| Research and development | 11 | | (3,195) | | | (3,973) | | | (5,687) | | | (8,145) | |
| General and administrative | 11 | | (12,530) | | | (9,654) | | | (25,627) | | | (19,966) | |
| Other income | | | 145 | | | 227 | | | 185 | | | 253 | |
| Other expense | | | (45) | | | (45) | | | (94) | | | (95) | |
| Total operating expenses | | | (52,399) | | | (51,878) | | | $ | (106,260) | | | $ | (108,865) | |
| Operating profit | | | $ | 32,414 | | | $ | 36,358 | | | $ | 62,045 | | | $ | 67,514 | |
| Finance income | | | 3,734 | | | 7,001 | | | 8,346 | | | 14,965 | |
| Finance cost | | | (5,528) | | | (841) | | | (6,993) | | | (1,588) | |
| Profit before income tax | | | $ | 30,620 | | | $ | 42,518 | | | $ | 63,398 | | | $ | 80,891 | |
| Income tax expense | | | (8,746) | | | (9,346) | | | (17,612) | | | (17,343) | |
| Profit for the interim period | | | $ | 21,874 | | | $ | 33,172 | | | $ | 45,786 | | | $ | 63,548 | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | | | | | | | | | |
| Pension adjustments, net of tax | | | 35 | | | 65 | | | 100 | | | 201 | |
| Gain (loss) on foreign currency translation | | | 5,658 | | | (2,606) | | | 7,128 | | | (5,684) | |
| Total comprehensive income for the interim period | | | $ | 27,567 | | | $ | 30,631 | | | $ | 53,014 | | | $ | 58,065 | |
| Profit attributable to: | | | | | | | | | |
| DoubleDown Interactive Co., Ltd. | | | 21,842 | | | 33,083 | | | 45,688 | | | 63,407 | |
| Non-controlling interests | | | 32 | | | 89 | | | 98 | | | 141 | |
| Total comprehensive income attributable to: | | | | | | | | | |
| DoubleDown Interactive Co., Ltd. | | | 27,535 | | | 30,542 | | | 52,916 | | | 57,986 | |
| Non-controlling interests | | | 32 | | | 89 | | | 98 | | | 79 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Earnings per share: | 12 | | | | | | | | |
| Basic | | | $ | 8.82 | | | $ | 13.35 | | | $18.44 | | | $25.59 | |
| Diluted | | | $ | 8.82 | | | $ | 13.35 | | | $18.44 | | | $25.59 | |
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements.
DoubleDown Interactive Co., Ltd.
Consolidated Interim Statement of Changes in Equity
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Attributable to DoubleDown Interactive Co., Ltd | | | | |
| Notes | | Share
capital | | Share
premium | | Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income (loss) | | Retained
earnings | | Sub-total | | Non -
controlling interests | | Total
equity |
| As of January 1, 2024 | 9 | | $ | 21,198 | | | $ | 359,280 | | | $ | (810) | | | $ | 348,020 | | | $ | 727,688 | | | $ | 157 | | | $ | 727,845 | |
Comprehensive income (loss) for the interim period | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Profit for the interim period | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 63,407 | | | 63,407 | | | 141 | | | 63,548 | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | | | — | | | — | | | (5,421) | | | — | | | (5,421) | | | (62) | | | (5,483) | |
| Sub-total of comprehensive income (loss) for the year | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | (5,421) | | | $ | 63,407 | | | $ | 57,986 | | | $ | 79 | | | $ | 58,065 | |
| Transaction with owners, recognized directly in equity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Dividends distributed to noncontrolling interests | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (149) | | | (149) | |
| As of June 30, 2024 (unaudited) | 9 | | $ | 21,198 | | | $ | 359,280 | | | $ | (6,231) | | | $ | 411,427 | | | $ | 785,674 | | | $ | 87 | | | $ | 785,761 | |
| Transaction with owners, recognized directly in equity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of January 1, 2025 | 9 | | $ | 21,198 | | | $ | 359,280 | | | $ | (10,688) | | | $ | 472,125 | | | $ | 841,915 | | | $ | 118 | | | $ | 842,033 | |
Comprehensive income (loss) for the interim period | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Profit for the interim period | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 45,688 | | | 45,688 | | | 98 | | | 45,786 | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | | | — | | | — | | | 7,228 | | | — | | | 7,228 | | | — | | | 7,228 | |
Sub-total of comprehensive income (loss) for the interim period | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 7,228 | | | $ | 45,688 | | | $ | 52,916 | | | $ | 98 | | | $ | 53,014 | |
| As of June 30, 2025 (unaudited) | 9 | | $ | 21,198 | | | $ | 359,280 | | | $ | (3,460) | | | $ | 517,813 | | | $ | 894,831 | | | $ | 216 | | | $ | 895,047 | |
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements.
DoubleDown Interactive Co., Ltd.
Consolidated Interim Statement of Cash Flows
(Unaudited, in thousands of U.S. dollars)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Six months ended June 30, |
| Notes | | 2025 | | 2024 |
| Cash flows from (used in) operating activities | | | | | |
Profit for the interim period | | | $ | 45,786 | | | $ | 63,548 | |
| Adjustments to reconcile profit to net cash from operating activities: | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | 4,5,11,15 | | 2,290 | | | 2,891 | |
Unrealized gain on foreign currency | 3 | | (130) | | | (3,537) | |
Unrealized loss on foreign currency | 3 | | 1,721 | | | 475 | |
Loss on valuation of financial assets | 3 | | 2,884 | | | 13 | |
Interest income | 3 | | (7,914) | | | (7,260) | |
Interest expense | 3 | | 913 | | | 1,168 | |
Miscellaneous income | | | — | | | (178) | |
Provision for severance benefits | 7 | | 226 | | | (57) | |
Other long-term employee benefits | | | 604 | | | 963 | |
Income tax expense | | | 17,612 | | | 17,343 | |
| Working capital adjustments: | | | | | |
Accounts receivable, net | | | 617 | | | (1,737) | |
Prepaid expenses, and other assets | | | 332 | | | 366 | |
Other non-current assets | | | 52 | | | (6,632) | |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | 1,382 | | | (17) | |
Contract liabilities | | | (155) | | | (743) | |
Other current and non-current liabilities | | | 75 | | | (708) | |
| Cash generated from operations | | | $ | 66,295 | | | $ | 65,898 | |
| Interest received | | | 9,888 | | | 6,941 | |
| Interest paid | | | (118) | | | (210) | |
| Income taxes paid | | | (15,285) | | | (2,110) | |
| Net cash inflow from operating activities | | | $ | 60,780 | | | $ | 70,519 | |
| Cash flows from investing activities | | | | | |
Purchase of property and equipment | | | (119) | | | (16) | |
Disposal of property and equipment | | | 4 | | | — | |
Purchase of short-term investments | | | (164,311) | | | (71,742) | |
Sales of short-term investment | | | 146,665 | | | 66,961 | |
| Net cash (outflow) from investing activities | | | $ | (17,761) | | | $ | (4,797) | |
| Cash flows from financing activities | | | | | |
Repayment of lease liabilities | | | (548) | | | (1,226) | |
Payment of dividends | | | $ | — | | | $ | (149) | |
| Net cash (outflow) from financing activities | | | $ | (548) | | | $ | (1,375) | |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | | | $ | 42,471 | | | $ | 64,347 | |
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | | | $ | 98 | | | $ | (2,102) | |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the interim period | | | $ | 334,850 | | | $ | 206,911 | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the interim period | | | $ | 377,419 | | | $ | 269,156 | |
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements.
DoubleDown Interactive Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (unaudited)
1. General information
Background and nature of operations
DoubleDown Interactive Co., Ltd. (“DDI,” “we,” “us,” “Parent Company,” “our” or “the Company,” formerly known as The8Games Co., Ltd.) was incorporated in 2008 in Seoul, Korea as an interactive entertainment studio, focused on the development and publishing of casual games and mobile applications. DDI is a subsidiary of DoubleU Games Co., Ltd. (“DUG” or “DoubleU Games”), a Korean company and our controlling shareholder holding 67.1% of our outstanding shares. In 2017, DDI acquired DoubleDown Interactive, LLC (“DDI-US”) from International Gaming Technologies (“IGT”) for approximately $825 million. DDI-US, with its principal place of business located in Seattle, Washington, is our primary revenue-generating company. On October 31, 2023, the Company closed the acquisition of iGaming operator, SuprNation AB (together with its subsidiaries, “SuprNation”). The acquisition diversifies the digital games categories that the Company addresses with the addition of three real-money iGaming sites in Europe. Following the closing, SuprNation AB is a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of DDI-US.
We develop and publish digital gaming contents on various mobile and web platforms through our multi-format interactive all-in-one game experience concept. We host DoubleDown Casino, DoubleDown Classic, and DoubleDown Fort Knox within various formats, as well as SuprNation’s three brands, Duelz, VoodooDreams, NYSpins, on web platforms.
On September 2, 2021, we completed our initial public offering (“IPO”) of American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”), each representing 0.05 share of a common share, with par value of ₩10,000 per share, of the Company. Our ADSs trade on the NASDAQ Stock Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol “DDI.”
2. Basis of preparation and material accounting policies
Basis of preparation
The accompanying condensed consolidated interim financial statements are presented in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS Accounting Standards”) as issued by International Accounting Standard Board (“IASB”), and include the accounts of DDI and its controlled subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions, balances, and unrealized gains or losses have been eliminated. Our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature necessary for the fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. The results for the interim period presented are not necessarily indicative of those for the full year. The condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures. We base our estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience, and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. The actual results experienced may differ materially and adversely from these estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and the actual results, future operating results may be affected.
The significant accounting estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of these condensed consolidated interim financial statements are consistent with those applied in the preparation of the annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, except for the estimation method used in determining income tax expense.
The income tax expense for the interim period is calculated by applying the estimated average annual effective tax rate to the profit before tax for the period.
Accounting policies
The accounting policies applied in the preparation of these condensed consolidated interim financial statements are consistent with those applied in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, except for the adoption of new standards or interpretations effective from January 1, 2025.
New standards and interpretations adopted during the interim period
Amendments to IAS 21 - Lack of Exchangeability
The amendment to IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates will require the application of a consistent approach when assessing whether a currency can be exchanged for another currency and, when it cannot, determining the exchange rate to be used, and the related disclosures. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2025, with earlier adoption permitted. The adoption of these amendments does not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated interim financial statements.
3. Financial instruments
3.1. Financial assets
Financial assets by category as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2025 |
| Financial assets at fair value
through profit or loss | Financial assets measured
at amortized cost |
| Current assets | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | — | $ | 377,419 |
| Short-term investments | — | 103,759 |
| Accounts receivable, net | — | 30,304 |
| Accrued income | — | 1,306 |
| Total | $ | — | $ | 512,788 |
| Non-current assets | | |
| Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 429 | — |
| Total | $ | 429 | $ | — |
| | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2024 |
| Financial assets at fair value
through profit or loss | Financial assets measured
at amortized cost |
| Current assets | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | — | $ | 334,850 |
| Short-term investments | — | 80,000 |
| Accounts receivable, net | — | 30,778 |
| Accrued income | — | 2,996 |
| Total | $ | — | $ | 448,624 |
| Non-current assets | | |
| Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 417 | — |
| Total | $ | 417 | $ | — |
3.2. Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities by category as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2025 |
| Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss | Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost |
Current liabilities | | |
| Accounts payable | $ | — | $ | 15,891 |
Accrued expenses (1) | — | 6,615 |
| Current lease liabilities | — | 1,024 |
Current portion of borrowings with related party | — | 36,862 |
| Other current liabilities | — | 1,855 |
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss | 3,013 | — |
| Total | $ | 3,013 | $ | 62,247 |
Non-current liabilities | | |
| Non-current lease liabilities | — | 3,316 |
| Total | $ | — | $ | 3,316 |
(1)Annual leave allowance that should be paid to employees is excluded.
| | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2024 |
| Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss | Financial liabilities measured
at amortized cost |
| Current liabilities | | |
| Accounts payable | $ | — | | $ | 2,889 | |
Accrued expenses (1) | — | | 12,101 | |
| Current lease liabilities | — | | 1,162 | |
| Total | $ | — | | $ | 16,152 | |
| Non-current liabilities | | |
| Non-current lease liabilities | — | | 3,510 | |
| Long-term borrowings with related party | — | | 34,014 | |
| Other non-current liabilities | — | | 936 | |
| Total | $ | — | | $ | 38,460 | |
(1)Annual leave allowance that should be paid to employees is excluded.
3.3. Fair value hierarchy
Fair value hierarchy classifications of the financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value disclosed in fair value as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2025 |
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total |
| Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss | | | | |
| Financial assets | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 429 | | $ | 429 | |
| Financial liabilities | — | | 3,013 | | — | | 3,013 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2024 |
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total |
| Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss | | | | |
| Financial assets | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 417 | | $ | 417 | |
| Financial liabilities | — | | — | | — | | — | |
3.4. Valuation techniques and the inputs
The valuation techniques and inputs used for fair value measurements and disclosed fair values categorized within Level 2 and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | Level | Valuation techniques |
| Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | $ | 429 | | $ | 417 | | 3 | Market-based fair value approach |
| Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | $ | — | | $ | — | | 2 | Discounted cash flow method |
| Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss | $ | 3,013 | | $ | — | | 2 | Discounted cash flow method |
3.5. Net gains or losses by category of financial instruments
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, |
| (in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | | | | |
Gain on valuation of financial assets | $ | (290) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — |
| Loss on valuation of financial assets | (21) | (6) | (21) | (13) |
| Sub-total | $ | (311) | $ | (6) | $ | (21) | $ | (13) |
| Financial assets at amortized cost | | | | |
| Interest income | 4,108 | 3,829 | 7,914 | 7,260 |
Gain on foreign currency transactions | (31) | 3,385 | 278 | 4,138 |
| Unrealized gain on foreign currency | (77) | 172 | 130 | 3,537 |
Loss on foreign currency transactions | (1,409) | (32) | (1,440) | (54) |
| Unrealized loss on foreign currency | (1,385) | (286) | (1,721) | (475) |
| Sub-total | $ | 1,206 | $ | 7,068 | $ | 5,161 | $ | 14,406 |
| Total | $ | 895 | $ | 7,062 | $ | 5,140 | $ | 14,393 |
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss | | | | |
Loss on valuation of financial liabilities | $ | (2,851) | $ | — | $ | (2,862) | $ | — |
Sub-total | $ | (2,851) | $ | — | $ | (2,862) | $ | — |
| Financial liabilities at amortized cost | | | | |
| Interest expense | (464) | (533) | (913) | (1,045) |
Gain on foreign currency transactions | 23 | 28 | 23 | 30 |
| Unrealized gain on foreign currency | — | (413) | — | — |
Loss on foreign currency transactions | 601 | 15 | (37) | (2) |
Sub-total | $ | 160 | $ | (903) | $ | (927) | $ | (1,017) |
| Total | $ | (2,691) | $ | (903) | $ | (3,789) | $ | (1,017) |
4. Intangible assets and goodwill
Changes in the net book value of intangible assets for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2025 |
| Goodwill | Trademarks | Customer
relationships | Purchased
technology | Development
costs | Software | Total |
| Balance at January 1, 2025 | $ | 395,804 | $ | 35,009 | $ | 6,197 | $ | 6,072 | $ | — | $ | 388 | $ | 443,470 |
| Acquisition | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Amortization | — | (2) | (1,149) | (361) | — | (55) | (1,567) |
| Translation differences | 1,885 | 1 | 693 | 733 | — | 42 | 3,354 |
| Ending balance | $ | 397,689 | $ | 35,008 | $ | 5,741 | $ | 6,444 | $ | — | $ | 375 | $ | 445,257 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2024 |
| Goodwill | Trademarks | Customer
relationships | Purchased
technology | Development
costs | Software | Total |
| Balance at January 1, 2024 | $ | 396,704 | $ | 35,000 | $ | 8,885 | $ | 7,162 | $ | — | $ | 524 | $ | 448,275 |
| Acquisition | — | 12 | — | — | — | — | 12 |
| Amortization | — | (1) | (1,134) | (357) | — | (58) | (1,550) |
| Translation differences | (468) | (11) | 122 | (188) | — | 3 | (542) |
| Ending balance | $ | 396,236 | $ | 35,000 | $ | 7,873 | $ | 6,617 | $ | — | $ | 469 | $ | 446,195 |
5. Lease
5.1. Our leases primarily consist of real estate leases for office space and do not have any non-lease components. The leases typically run for a period of 2 ~10 years, with an option to renew or terminate the lease after that date. No restrictions or covenants are imposed on leases, but the lease assets shall not be provided as collateral for borrowings.
5.2. Changes in right-of-use assets and lease liabilities:
Changes in right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| Right-of-use assets | Lease liabilities |
| Office |
| Balance at January 1, 2025 | $ | 4,308 | $ | 4,673 |
| Depreciation | (576) | — |
| Interest expense relating to lease liabilities | — | 118 |
| Payments of lease liabilities | — | (665) |
| Translation differences | 214 | 214 |
| Balance at June 30, 2025 | $ | 3,946 | $ | 4,340 |
| | | | | | | | |
| Right-of-use assets | Lease liabilities |
| Office |
| Balance at January 1, 2024 | $ | 7,071 | $ | 7,577 |
| Acquisitions | 1,069 | 891 |
Depreciation | (1,244) | — |
| Interest expense relating to lease liabilities | — | 210 |
| Payments of lease liabilities | — | (1,395) |
| Translation differences | (343) | (467) |
| Balance at June 30, 2024 | $ | 6,553 | $ | 6,816 |
6. Long-term borrowings
The following table represents borrowings from DoubleU Games as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 |
4.6% Senior Notes due to related party due May 27, 2026 (1) | $ | 36,862 | $ | 34,014 |
(1) DoubleU Games extended three loans to us on May 25, 2018, August 27, 2018, and November 26, 2018 (collectively, the “4.6% Senior Notes”), and the aggregate outstanding principal amount as of June 30, 2025 was $36.9 million. In May 2024, a voluntary interest payment of $9.6 million was made, and the maturity of each 4.6% Senior Note, originally due on May 27, 2024, was extended by two years to May 27, 2026, including the remaining outstanding principal amount under the 4.60% Senior Notes.
7. Retirement benefit plan
7.1 Defined benefit pension plan
We operate a defined benefit pension plan under employment regulations in Korea. The plan services the employees located in Seoul and is a final wage-based pension plan, which provides a specified amount of pension benefit based on length of service. The service cost components of the net periodic benefit costs are charged to current operations based on the employee’s functional area. The change in actuarial gains or losses, which is not significant, was included in other comprehensive income.
7.2 Details of defined benefit liabilities
The following table presents net defined benefit liabilities (defined benefit assets) as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |
| Present value of defined benefit obligations | $ | 2,318 | $ | 1,977 | |
| Fair value of plan assets | (2,125) | (2,008) | |
| Net defined benefit liabilities (assets) | $ | 193 | $ | (31) | |
8. Income taxes
The income tax expense for the interim period has been recognized based on management’s best estimate of the weighted average annual effective tax rate expected for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. Separately, management estimates that the weighted average annual effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2025 will be 27.8%, compared to 21.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
9. Shareholders’ equity
We have 200,000,000 total authorized shares with 2,477,672 common shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2025 and 2024, and a par value per share is KRW10,000.
9.1. Changes in share capital
The following table represents common share, share capital and premium as follows (in thousands, except shares):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common shares | Share capital | Share premium | Total |
| Balance at January 1, 2024 | 2,477,672 | $ | 21,198 | $ | 359,280 | $ | 380,478 |
| Balance at June 30, 2024 | 2,477,672 | $ | 21,198 | $ | 359,280 | $ | 380,478 |
| Balance at January 1, 2025 | 2,477,672 | $ | 21,198 | $ | 359,280 | $ | 380,478 |
| Balance at June 30, 2025 | 2,477,672 | $ | 21,198 | $ | 359,280 | $ | 380,478 |
10. Revenue from contract with customers
10.1 Disaggregation of revenue
The Company distinguishes between revenue recognized over time and revenue recognized at a point in time.
The table below presents revenue by service contract type and the timing of performance obligation satisfaction (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended June 30, | | Six months ended June 30, |
| 2025 | 2024 | | 2025 | 2024 |
Type of service (1) | | | | | |
| Social casino game | $ | 69,339 | | $ | 80,332 | | | $ | 139,620 | | $ | 160,156 | |
Geographical market (1) | | | | | |
| U.S. | 60,497 | | 69,943 | | | 121,511 | | 140,129 | |
| International | 8,842 | | 10,389 | | | 18,109 | | 20,027 | |
| Total | $ | 69,339 | | $ | 80,332 | | | $ | 139,620 | | $ | 160,156 | |
Timing of revenue recognition (1) | | | | | |
| Over the time | 69,268 | | 80,099 | | | $ | 139,471 | | $ | 159,702 | |
| At a point in time | 71 | | 233 | | | 149 | | 454 | |
| Total | $ | 69,339 | | $ | 80,332 | | | $ | 139,620 | | $ | 160,156 | |
(1)iGaming revenues are excluded, amounting to $28,686 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and $16,223 thousand in the six months ended June 30, 2024.
The following table disaggregates revenue between mobile and web platforms (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended June 30, | | Six months ended June 30, |
| 2025 | 2024 | | 2025 | 2024 |
| Mobile | $ | 49,527 | | $ | 60,822 | | | $ | 100,966 | | $ | 121,258 | |
| Web | 19,812 | | 19,510 | | | 38,654 | | 38,898 | |
Total (1) | $ | 69,339 | | $ | 80,332 | | | $ | 139,620 | | $ | 160,156 | |
(1)iGaming revenues are excluded, amounting to $28,686 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and $16,223 thousand in the six months ended June 30, 2024.
10.2 Contract assets, contract liabilities with customers
The following table summarizes our opening and closing balances in contract assets and contract liabilities (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 |
Contract assets (1) | $ | 480 | | $ | 526 | |
Contract liabilities (2) | 1,599 | | 1,754 | |
(1)Contract assets are included within prepaid expenses and other assets in our consolidated interim financial position.
(2)The revenue recognized during the current year from the contract liabilities balance at the beginning of the reporting period is $1,754 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and $2,520 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
11. Classification of operating expenses by nature
Details of classification of expenses by nature for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended June 30, | | Six months ended June 30, |
| 2025 | 2024 | | 2025 | 2024 |
| Personnel expenses | $ | 5,034 | | $ | 8,860 | | | $12,962 | | $17,901 | |
| Depreciation and amortization | 885 | | 820 | | | 1,714 | | 1,647 | |
| Depreciation of right-of-use assets | 293 | | 511 | | | 576 | | 1,244 | |
| Taxes and dues | 4,383 | | 1,960 | | | 8,282 | | 4,046 | |
| Fees and commissions | 27,555 | | 29,680 | | | 55,255 | | 59,895 | |
| Advertising expenses | 11,442 | | 9,708 | | | 23,982 | | 23,146 | |
| Other expenses | 2,907 | | 521 | | | 3,580 | | 1,144 | |
Total (1) | $ | 52,499 | | $ | 52,060 | | | $106,351 | | $109,023 | |
(1)Total cost of revenue, sales and marketing, research and development and general and administrative expenses per the consolidated interim statement of comprehensive income.
12. Earnings per share
12.1. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing earning by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. The following table presents the calculation of basic earnings per share (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended June 30, | | Six months ended June 30, |
| 2025 | 2024 | | 2025 | 2024 |
| Numerator: | | | | | |
| Profit applicable to DoubleDown Interactive Co., Ltd. | $ | 21,842 | | $ | 33,083 | | | $45,688 | | $63,407 | |
| Weighted average shares outstanding - basic | 2,477,672 | | 2,477,672 | | | 2,477,672 | | 2,477,672 | |
| Basic earnings per share | $ | 8.82 | | $ | 13.35 | | | $ | 18.44 | | $ | 25.59 | |
12.2. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing profit applicable to owners of the Company by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive common share equivalents outstanding for the period. The Company does not have dilutive potential ordinary shares outstanding. Accordingly, the diluted earnings per share for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are the same as the basic earnings per share.
13. Commitments and contingencies
13.1. Publishing and license agreements
DoubleU Games
We entered into the DoubleU Games License Agreement on March 7, 2018, which was subsequently amended on July 1, 2019 and November 27, 2019. On October 1, 2023, DDI-US entered into the Game Development Services Agreement with DoubleU Games, which supersedes the DoubleU Games License Agreement. Pursuant to the Game Development Services Agreement, DoubleU Games grants us, through DDI-US, an exclusive license to develop and distribute certain DoubleU Games social casino game titles and sequels thereto in the social online game field of use. We are obligated to pay a royalty
license fee to DoubleU Games in connection with these rights, with certain customary terms and conditions. As of June 30, 2025, we licensed from DUG approximately 50 game titles under the terms of this agreement.
In October 2023, we, through DDI-US, entered into a Game Development Services Agreement with DoubleU Games pursuant to which DDI-US will pay service fees to DoubleU Games for certain game maintenance services and product planning and user analysis services provided by DoubleU Games.
We, through SuprPlay Limited, also entered into a new game license agreement with DoubleU Games with effect from August 20, 2024. We are obligated to pay a royalty license fee to DoubleU Games in connection with these rights, with certain customary terms and conditions.
International Gaming Technologies (“IGT”)
In 2017, we entered into a Game Development, Distribution, and Services Agreement with IGT. Under the terms of the agreement, IGT will deliver game assets so that we can port (a process of converting the assets into functioning slot games by platform) the technology for inclusion in our gaming apps. The agreement includes game assets that are used to create new games. Under the agreement, we paid IGT an initial royalty rate of 10% of revenue for their proprietary assets and 15% of revenue for third-party game asset types. Effective January 1, 2019, we amended the agreement to revise the royalty rate for proprietary game asset types to 7.5% of revenue. The initial term of the agreement is ten (10) years with up to two additional five-year periods. Costs incurred in connection with this agreement for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 totaled $1.6 million and $2.4 million, respectively, and are recognized as a component of cost of revenue.
13.2. Legal contingencies
As of June 30, 2025, the Company is a defendant in four lawsuits seeking damages, filed in the states of Alabama, Kentucky, and Tennessee. These lawsuits allege that the Company’s social casino-themed games constitute unlawful gambling under state laws. The Company denies the allegations, contends its games are not gambling under the applicable law, contends that the case suffers from various procedural defects. At this time, the Company is unable to reasonably predict the outcome of these legal proceedings and cannot estimate what impact, if any, the litigation may have on the Company’s condensed consolidated interim financial statements.
13.3. Director and Officers’ indemnification agreement
The Company’s maximum aggregate liability for all loss and expenses on account of any and all requests for indemnity under the Indemnification Agreement or any similar indemnity agreement with any other indemnitee will be $5,000,000 per every 12-month period.
13.4. Other matters
IGT Letter
In March 2025, DDI-US received a letter from IGT (“IGT Letter”) purporting to terminate the Company’s licenses to develop and distribute IGT social casino game titles throughout the United States. The IGT Letter cited the January 2025 public memo issued by the Washington State Gambling Commission (“WSGC”), where the WSGC encouraged companies offering virtual casino-style games to Washington residents to review their games and ensure compliance with state gambling regulations. While the outcome of this matter is currently uncertain, the Company believes that IGT has no basis to terminate the licenses and that the Company’s distribution of the licensed games is not prohibited under Washington State law.
SuprNation Performance Based Compensation
Contemporaneously with entering into the definitive agreement, the Company also adopted an eighteen-month performance-based incentive plan for certain key employees of SuprNation, under which the key employees may earn up to
a total of $6.5 million in addition to $5.5 million held in escrow, which vest over the eighteen-month period. The performance-based incentive plan is contingent upon the achievement of certain revenue and other performance targets by the acquired business and the continued employment of such key employees between 2023 and 2025. Such plan became effective at the closing of the transaction. In August 2024, $4.2 million of the incentive plan was modified to be contingent solely upon continued employment. During six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized total expenses of $2.5 million and $3.3 million, respectively, for the performance-based incentive plan.
14. Related party transactions
14.1. Related party
Our related party transactions comprise of expenses for use of intellectual property, borrowings, and sublease. We may also incur other expenses with related parties in the ordinary course of business, which are included in the condensed consolidated interim financial statements. The related party is as follows:
| | | | | |
| Relationship | Company name |
| Controlling shareholder | DoubleU Games Co., Ltd |
14.2. Transactions with related party
The following is a summary of expenses charged by DoubleU Games (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended June 30, | | Six months ended June 30, |
| 2025 | 2024 | | 2025 | 2024 |
| Royalty expense | $ | 408 | $ | 622 | | $ | 854 | $ | 1,241 |
| Other expense | 1,624 | 1,194 | | $ | 3,417 | $ | 2,319 |
14.3 Account balances with related party
Amounts due to DoubleU Games are as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 |
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 1,737 | | $ | 1,958 | |
| Other receivables | 4 | | 3 | |
14.4. Borrowing transaction with related party
Borrowing transaction details to DoubleU Games are as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 |
4.6% Senior notes with related party | $ | 36,862 | | $ | 34,014 | |
Accrued interest on 4.6% Senior Notes with related party | 1,855 | | 936 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended June 30, | | Six months ended June 30, |
| 2025 | 2024 | | 2025 | 2024 |
| Interest expense | $ | 409 | $ | 411 | | $ | 799 | $ | 843 |
14.5. Lease transactions with related party
Lease transaction details to DoubleU Games are as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 |
| Right-of-use assets | $ | 2,102 | | $ | 2,238 | |
| Lease liabilities | 2,222 | | 2,335 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended June 30, | | Six months ended June 30, |
| 2025 | 2024 | | 2025 | 2024 |
| Payments | $ | 174 | $ | 313 | | $ | 343 | $ | 636 |
| Interest expenses | 25 | 75 | | $ | 50 | $ | 156 |
15. Segment information
15.1. Segment reporting
Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, our Chief Executive Officer, in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. Total assets and liabilities for each segment are not reported to chief operating decision maker. We operate in the following business segments: social casino games and iGaming (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended June 30, | | Six months ended June 30, |
| 2025 | 2024 | | 2025 | 2024 |
| Revenue: | | | | | |
| Social casino games | $ | 69,339 | | $ | 80,332 | | | $ | 139,620 | | $ | 160,156 | |
| iGaming | 15,474 | | 7,904 | | | 28,685 | | 16,223 | |
| Total Revenue | $ | 84,813 | | $ | 88,236 | | | $ | 168,305 | | $ | 176,379 | |
| Advertising expenses: | | | | | |
| Social casino games | $ | 5,768 | | $ | 7,848 | | | $ | 13,242 | | $ | 17,781 | |
| iGaming | 5,674 | | 1,860 | | | 10,740 | | 5,365 | |
| Total advertising expenses | $ | 11,442 | | $ | 9,708 | | | $ | 23,982 | | $ | 23,146 | |
| Depreciation and amortization (including right-of-use assets): | | | | | |
| Social casino games | $ | 305 | | $ | 510 | | | $ | 608 | | $ | 1,244 | |
| iGaming | 872 | | 821 | | | 1,682 | | 1,647 | |
| Total depreciation and amortization (including right-of-use assets) | $ | 1,177 | | $ | 1,331 | | | $ | 2,290 | | $ | 2,891 | |
| Interest income: | | | | | |
| Social casino games | $ | 4,108 | | $ | 3,829 | | | $ | 7,914 | | $ | 7,260 | |
| iGaming | — | | — | | | — | | — | |
| Total interest income | $ | 4,108 | | $ | 3,829 | | | $ | 7,914 | | $ | 7,260 | |
| Interest expense: | | | | | |
| Social casino games | $ | 463 | | $ | 532 | | | $ | 910 | | $ | 1,031 | |
| iGaming | 1 | | 1 | | | 3 | | 14 | |
| Total interest expense | $ | 464 | | $ | 533 | | | $ | 913 | | $ | 1,045 | |
| Profit before income tax: | | | | | |
| Social casino games | $ | 32,803 | | $ | 43,100 | | | $ | 66,558 | | $ | 83,205 | |
| iGaming | (2,183) | | (582) | | | (3,160) | | (2,314) | |
| Total profit before income tax | $ | 30,620 | | $ | 42,518 | | | $ | 63,398 | | $ | 80,891 | |
15.2. Disaggregation of revenue and non-current assets
The Company’s business operations are located in domestic and international regions, including the United States. We believe disaggregation of our revenue based on platform and geographical location are appropriate categories that depict how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.
The following table presents our revenue disaggregated based on the geographical location of our players (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended June 30, | | Six months ended June 30, |
| 2025 | 2024 | | 2025 | 2024 |
| U.S. | $ | 60,498 | $ | 69,943 | | $ | 121,512 | $ | 140,129 |
| Canada | 4,697 | 5,065 | | 9,247 | 9,820 |
| United Kingdom | 14,126 | 6,374 | | 26,339 | 13,154 |
| Korea | — | — | | — | — |
| International-other | 5,492 | 6,854 | | 11,207 | 13,276 |
| Total | $ | 84,813 | $ | 88,236 | | $ | 168,305 | $ | 176,379 |
The following table presents non-current assets by geographical regions (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| June 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 |
| Korea | $ | 2,288 | | $ | 2,479 | |
| U.S. | 416,593 | | 416,835 | |
| Europe | 31,552 | 29,818 |
Total (1) | $ | 450,433 | $ | 449,132 |
(1) The amounts related to financial assets at fair value through profit or loss and deferred tax assets are excluded.
15.3. Major external customers
No individual external customer accounted for more than 10% of consolidated revenue for each of the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
16. Subsequent Events
Acquisition WHOW Games
On July 14, 2025 (July 15, 2025 Korea Standard Time), the Company completed its acquisition of WHOW Games GmbH, a social casino developer headquartered in Hamburg, Germany, which is now a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of DDI-US, for a total cash purchase price of $64.3 million (or approximately €55.0 million based on the then exchange rate). Contemporaneously with entering into the definitive agreement, the Company also adopted a twenty-four-month performance-based incentive plan for an additional earn-out payment of up to €10.0 million, payable to the seller, Azerion, at €5.0 million annually, which is contingent upon WHOW Games meeting certain performance targets during each of the first and second year following the closing date.
The Company intends to leverage WHOW Games’ proven expertise in the Europe market and partner-driven business model alongside its own operational strength, marketing capabilities, and extensive gaming content to pursue growth opportunities in Europe, particularly in Germany.