424B2 1 n1989-x14_424b2.htm PROSPECTUS

 

    FILED PURSUANT TO RULE 424(b)(2)
    REGISTRATION FILE NO.: 333-227446-09
     

 

 

PROSPECTUS

 

$727,727,000 (Approximate)

 

Morgan Stanley Capital I Trust 2020-L4
(Central Index Key Number 0001799463)

as Issuing Entity

 

Morgan Stanley Capital I Inc.
(Central Index Key Number 0001547361)

as Depositor

 

Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC
(Central Index Key Number 0001541557)

 

Argentic Real Estate Finance LLC
(Central Index Key Number 0001624053)

 

Starwood Mortgage Capital LLC
(Central Index Key Number 0001548405)

 

Cantor Commercial Real Estate Lending, L.P.
(Central Index Key Number 0001558761)

as Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers

 

Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2020-L4

 

Morgan Stanley Capital I Inc. is offering certain classes of the Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2020-L4 consisting of the certificate classes identified in the table below. The certificates being offered by this prospectus (and the non-offered certificates listed under “Summary of Certificates”) represent the ownership interests in the issuing entity, which will be a New York common law trust named Morgan Stanley Capital I Trust 2020-L4. The assets of the issuing entity will primarily consist of a pool of fixed rate commercial mortgage loans, which are generally the sole source of payments on the certificates. Credit enhancement will be provided solely by certain classes of subordinate certificates that will be subordinate to certain classes of senior certificates as described under “Description of the Certificates—Subordination; Allocation of Realized Losses”. Each class of certificates will be entitled to receive monthly distributions of interest and/or principal on the 4th business day following the 11th day of each month (or if the 11th day is not a business day, the next business day), commencing in March 2020. The rated final distribution date for the certificates is the distribution date in February 2053.

 

Class

 

Approximate Initial
Certificate Balance or Notional Amount(1)

 

Approximate Initial
Available Certificate Balance or Notional Amount(1)(2)

 

Approximate Initial
Retained Certificate Balance or Notional Amount(1)(2)

Approximate Initial Pass-Through Rate

 

 

Pass-Through Rate Description

 

Assumed Final Distribution Date(4)

Class A-1

 

$8,600,000

 

 

$8,259,000

 

 

$341,000

 

1.8310%

 

 

Fixed(6)

 

February 2025

Class A-SB

 

$15,700,000

 

 

$15,078,000

 

 

$622,000

 

2.6240%

 

 

Fixed(6)

 

November 2029

Class A-2

 

$210,330,000

 

 

$202,000,000

 

 

$8,330,000

 

2.4490%

 

 

Fixed(6)

 

December 2029

Class A-3

 

$346,721,000

 

 

$332,990,000

 

 

$13,731,000

 

2.6980%

 

 

Fixed(6)

 

February 2030

Class X-A

 

$581,351,000

(7)

 

$558,327,000

(7)

 

$23,024,000

(7)

1.0805%

 

 

Variable(8)

 

February 2030

Class X-B

 

$146,376,000

(7)

 

$140,578,000

(7)

 

$5,798,000

(7)

0.5538%

 

 

Variable(8)

 

February 2030

Class A-S

 

$61,249,000

 

 

$58,823,000

 

 

$2,426,000

 

2.8800%

 

 

Fixed(6)

 

February 2030

Class B

 

$45,678,000

 

 

$43,869,000

 

 

$1,809,000

 

3.0820%

 

 

Fixed(6)

 

February 2030

Class C

 

$39,449,000

 

 

$37,886,000

 

 

$1,563,000

 

3.5360%

 

 

Fixed/WAC Cap(6)

 

February 2030

(Explanatory notes to this table begin on page 3)

You should carefully consider the risk factors beginning on page 41 of this prospectus.

 

Neither the certificates nor the mortgage loans are insured or guaranteed by any governmental agency, instrumentality or private issuer or any other person or entity.

 

The certificates will represent interests in the issuing entity only. They will not represent interests in or obligations of the sponsors, depositor, any of their affiliates or any other entity.

The United States Securities and Exchange Commission and state regulators have not approved or disapproved of the offered certificates or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. Morgan Stanley Capital I Inc. will not list the offered certificates on any securities exchange or on any automated quotation system of any securities association.

 

The issuing entity will be relying on an exclusion or exemption from the definition of “investment company” under the Investment Company Act (as defined in this prospectus) contained in Section 3(c)(5) of the Investment Company Act or Rule 3a-7 under the Investment Company Act, although there may be additional exclusions or exemptions available to the issuing entity. The issuing entity will not be relying upon Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act as a basis for not registering under the Investment Company Act. The issuing entity is being structured so as not to constitute a “covered fund” for purposes of the Volcker Rule under the Dodd-Frank Act (both as defined in this prospectus).

 

The underwriters, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. and Bancroft Capital, LLC will purchase the offered certificates from Morgan Stanley Capital I Inc. and will offer them in one or more negotiated transactions, or otherwise, at varying prices determined at the time of sale. Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. are acting as co-lead managers and joint bookrunners in the following manner: Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC is acting as sole bookrunning manager with respect to approximately 86.1% of each class of offered certificates and Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. is acting as sole bookrunning manager with respect to approximately 13.9% of each class of offered certificates. Bancroft Capital, LLC is acting as co-manager.

 

The underwriters expect to deliver the offered certificates to purchasers in book-entry form only through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company in the United States and Clearstream Banking, S.A. and Euroclear Bank, as operator of the Euroclear System, in Europe, against payment in New York, New York on or about February 20, 2020. Morgan Stanley Capital I Inc. expects to receive from this offering approximately 110.8% of the aggregate certificate balance of the offered certificates plus accrued interest from February 1, 2020, before deducting expenses payable by the depositor.

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

Title of each class of securities to be registered

 

Amount to be registered

 

Proposed maximum offering price per unit(1)

 

Proposed maximum aggregate offering price(1)

 

Amount of registration fee(2)(3)

Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates

 

$727,727,000

 

100%

 

$727,727,000

 

$94,459

 

 
(1)Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee.

(2)

Calculated according to Rule 457(s) of the Securities Act of 1933.

(3)

Payment of this registration fee was made in connection with the filing of the preliminary prospectus (accession number: 0001539497-20-000235)

 

Morgan Stanley

 

Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.

 

Bancroft Capital, LLC

 

February 10, 2020

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Summary of Certificates

 

Class

 

Approximate
Initial Certificate Balance or Notional Amount(1)

 

Approximate
Initial Available Certificate Balance or Notional Amount(1)(2)

 

Approximate
Initial Retained Certificate Balance or Notional Amount(1)(2)

 

Approximate Initial Credit Support(3)

 

Approximate Initial Pass-Through Rate

 

Pass-Through Rate Description

 

Assumed
Final Distribution Date(4)

 

Expected Weighted Average Life (Years)(5)

 

Expected Principal Window (Months)(5)

Offered Certificates

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Class A-1

 

$8,600,000

 

$8,259,000

 

$341,000

 

30.000%

 

1.8310%

 

Fixed(6)

 

February 2025

 

3.14

 

1 – 60

Class A-SB

 

$15,700,000

 

$15,078,000

 

$622,000

 

30.000%

 

2.6240%

 

Fixed(6)

 

November 2029

 

7.47

 

60 – 117

Class A-2

 

$210,330,000

 

$202,000,000

 

$8,330,000

 

30.000%

 

2.4490%

 

Fixed(6)

 

December 2029

 

9.78

 

117 – 118

Class A-3

 

$346,721,000

 

$332,990,000

 

$13,731,000

 

30.000%

 

2.6980%

 

Fixed(6)

 

February 2030

 

9.89

 

118 – 120

Class X-A

 

$581,351,000(7)

 

$558,327,000(7)

 

$23,024,000(7)

 

N/A

 

1.0805%

 

Variable(8)

 

February 2030

 

N/A

 

N/A

Class X-B

 

$146,376,000(7)

 

$140,578,000(7)

 

$5,798,000(7)

 

N/A

 

0.5538%

 

Variable(8)

 

February 2030

 

N/A

 

N/A

Class A-S

 

$61,249,000

 

$58,823,000

 

$2,426,000

 

22.625%

 

2.8800%

 

Fixed(6)

 

February 2030

 

9.99

 

120 – 120

Class B

 

$45,678,000

 

$43,869,000

 

$1,809,000

 

17.125%

 

3.0820%

 

Fixed(6)

 

February 2030

 

9.99

 

120 – 120

Class C

 

$39,449,000

 

$37,886,000

 

$1,563,000

 

12.375%

 

3.5360%

 

Fixed/WAC Cap(6)

 

February 2030

 

9.99

 

120 – 120

Non-Offered Certificates(9)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Class X-D

 

$42,563,000(7)

 

$40,877,000(7)

 

$1,686,000(7)

 

N/A

 

1.1736%

 

Variable(8)

 

February 2030

 

N/A

 

N/A

Class X-F

 

$19,724,000(7)

 

$18,942,000(7)

 

$782,000(7)

 

N/A

 

1.4236%

 

Variable(8)

 

February 2030

 

N/A

 

N/A

Class D

 

$23,877,000

 

$22,931,000

 

$946,000

 

9.500%

 

2.5000%

 

Fixed(6)

 

February 2030

 

9.99

 

120 – 120

Class E

 

$18,686,000

 

$17,946,000

 

$740,000

 

7.250%

 

2.5000%

 

Fixed(6)

 

February 2030

 

9.99

 

120 – 120

Class F

 

$19,724,000

 

$18,942,000

 

$782,000

 

4.875%

 

2.2500%

 

Fixed(6)

 

February 2030

 

9.99

 

120 – 120

Class G-RR(2)

 

$9,343,000

 

$8,973,017

 

$369,983

 

3.750%

 

3.6736%

 

WAC(6)

 

February 2030

 

9.99

 

120 – 120

Class H-RR(2)

 

$31,144,755

 

$29,911,422

 

$1,233,333

 

0.000%

 

3.6736%

 

WAC(6)

 

February 2030

 

9.99

 

120 – 120

Class V(10)

 

N/A

 

N/A

 

N/A

 

N/A

 

N/A

 

N/A

 

N/A

 

N/A

 

N/A

Class R(11)

 

N/A

 

N/A

 

N/A

 

N/A

 

N/A

 

N/A

 

N/A

 

N/A

 

N/A

 

 

(1)

Approximate, subject to a permitted variance of plus or minus 5%.

 

(2)

On the closing date, Argentic Real Estate Finance LLC, as “retaining sponsor” (as defined in Regulation RR) for the securitization constituted by the issuance of the certificates, is expected to cause a “majority-owned affiliate” (as defined in Regulation RR) to purchase (i) an “eligible vertical interest” (as defined in Regulation RR) in the form of certificates expected to represent approximately 3.960% of the initial certificate balance, notional amount or percentage interest, as applicable, of each class of certificates other than the Class R certificates (collectively, the “VRR Interest”) and (ii) an “eligible horizontal residual interest” (as defined in Regulation RR) in the form of the Class G-RR and Class H-RR certificates (in each case, excluding the portion thereof that comprises a part of the VRR Interest) (collectively referred to herein as the “HRR Interest”), expected to represent approximately 1.063% of the aggregate fair value of the certificates (other than the Class R certificates). The initial certificate balance or notional amount of each class of certificates (other than the Class V and Class R certificates) expected to be retained by the purchaser of the VRR Interest is set forth in the table above under “Approximate Initial Retained Certificate Balance or Notional Amount.” The purchaser of the VRR Interest is expected to purchase slightly more than 3.960% of some or all of the classes of certificates, which excess over 3.960% (except with respect to the Class G-RR and Class H-RR certificates) is included in the amount set forth under “Approximate Initial Retained Certificate Balance or Notional Amount” with respect to the related class but does not constitute part of the VRR Interest. See “Credit Risk Retention”.

 

(3)

The approximate initial credit support percentages set forth for the certificates are approximate and, for the Class A-1, Class A-SB, Class A-2 and Class A-3 certificates, are represented in the aggregate.

 

(4)

The assumed final distribution dates set forth in this prospectus have been determined on the basis of the assumptions described in “Description of the Certificates—Assumed Final Distribution Date; Rated Final Distribution Date”.

 

(5)

The expected weighted average life and expected principal window during which distributions of principal would be received as set forth in the foregoing table with respect to each class of certificates having a certificate balance are based on the assumptions set forth under “Yield and Maturity Considerations—Weighted Average Life” and on the assumptions that there are no prepayments, modifications or losses in respect of the mortgage loans and that there are no extensions or forbearances of maturity dates or anticipated repayment dates of the mortgage loans.

 

(6)

The pass-through rate for each class of the Class A-1, Class A-SB, Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-S, Class B, Class D, Class E and Class F certificates will be a rate per annum that is fixed at the initial pass-through rate for such class set forth in the table above. The pass-through rate for the Class C certificates will be a variable rate per annum equal to the lesser of (a) the initial pass-through rate for such class set forth in the table above and (b) the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date.  The pass-through rate for each class of the Class G-RR and Class H-RR certificates will be a variable rate per annum equal to the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date.  For purposes of the calculation of the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for each distribution date, the net mortgage interest rates will be adjusted as necessary to a 30/360 basis.  The Class A-1, Class A-SB, Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-S, Class B, Class C, Class D, Class E, Class F, Class G-RR and Class H-RR certificates are collectively referred to as the “principal balance certificates”.

 

(7)

The Class X-A, Class X-B, Class X-D and Class X-F certificates (collectively referred to as the “Class X certificates”) are notional amount certificates and will not be entitled to distributions of principal. The notional amount of the Class X-A certificates will be equal to the aggregate certificate balance of the Class A-1, Class A-SB, Class A-2 and Class A-3 certificates.  The notional amount of the Class X-B certificates will be equal to the aggregate certificate balance of the Class A-S, Class B and Class C certificates.  The notional amount of the Class X-D certificates will be equal to the aggregate certificate balance of the Class D and Class E certificates. The notional amount of the Class X-F certificates will be equal to the certificate balance of the Class F certificates.

 

(8)

The pass-through rate for the Class X-A certificates for any distribution date will be a per annum rate equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date, over (b) the weighted average of the pass-through rates on the Class A-1, Class A-SB, Class A-2 and Class A-3 certificates for the related

 

3

 

distribution date, weighted on the basis of their respective certificate balances outstanding immediately prior to that distribution date.  The pass-through rate for the Class X-B certificates for any distribution date will be a per annum rate equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date, over (b) the weighted average of the pass-through rates on the Class A-S, Class B and Class C certificates for the related distribution date, weighted on the basis of their respective certificate balances outstanding immediately prior to that distribution date.  The pass-through rate for the Class X-D certificates for any distribution date will be a per annum rate equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date, over (b) the weighted average of the pass-through rates on the Class D and Class E certificates for the related distribution date, weighted on the basis of their respective certificate balances outstanding immediately prior to that distribution date.  The pass-through rate for the Class X-F certificates for any distribution date will be a per annum rate equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date, over (b) the pass-through rate on the Class F certificates for the related distribution date. For purposes of the calculation of the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for each distribution date, the net mortgage interest rates will be adjusted as necessary to a 30/360 basis.

 

(9)

Not offered by this prospectus.  Any information in this prospectus concerning certificates other than the offered certificates is presented solely to enhance your understanding of the offered certificates.

 

(10)

The Class V certificates will not have a certificate balance, notional amount, credit support level, pass-through rate, rated final distribution date or rating. The Class V certificates will only be entitled to distributions of excess interest collected on any mortgage loans with an anticipated repayment date solely to the extent received from the related borrower. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans—ARD Loans” in this prospectus.  Because there are no mortgage loans with anticipated repayment dates in the mortgage pool, there will be no excess interest distributable to the Class V certificates.

 

(11)

The Class R certificates will not have a certificate balance, notional amount, credit support level, pass-through rate, rated final distribution date or rating. The Class R certificates represent the residual interest in each Trust REMIC as further described in this prospectus. The Class R certificates will not be entitled to distributions of principal or interest.

 

4

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Summary of Certificates

3

Important Notice Regarding the Offered Certificates

8

Important Notice About Information Presented in this Prospectus

8

Summary of Terms

15

Risk Factors

41

The Certificates May Not Be a Suitable Investment for You

41

Combination or “Layering” of Multiple Risks May Significantly Increase Risk of Loss

41

Risks Related to Market Conditions and Other External Factors

41

Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans

42

Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest

87

Other Risks Relating to the Certificates

95

Description of the Mortgage Pool

113

General

113

Certain Calculations and Definitions

113

Mortgage Pool Characteristics

125

Redevelopment, Renovation and Expansion

133

Environmental Considerations

134

Assessment of Property Value and Condition

135

Litigation and Other Considerations

136

Loan Purpose; Default History, Bankruptcy Issues and Other Proceedings

137

Tenant Issues

138

Use Restrictions

144

Appraised Value

145

Non-Recourse Carveout Limitations

145

Real Estate and Other Tax Considerations

146

Delinquency Information

149

Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans

150

Exceptions to Underwriting Guidelines

157

Additional Indebtedness

158

The Whole Loans

161

Additional Information

192

Transaction Parties

192

The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers

192

The Originators

220

The Depositor

220

The Issuing Entity

221

The Trustee and the Certificate Administrator

221

The Master Servicer

223

The Special Servicer

225

The Operating Advisor and Asset Representations Reviewer

229

Credit Risk Retention

230

General

230

Qualifying CRE Loans; Required Credit Risk Retention Percentage

231

Hedging, Transfer and Financing Restrictions

233

Operating Advisor

233

Representations and Warranties

234

Description of the Certificates

236

General

236

Distributions

237

Allocation of Yield Maintenance Charges and Prepayment Premiums

248

Assumed Final Distribution Date; Rated Final Distribution Date

250

Prepayment Interest Shortfalls

250

Subordination; Allocation of Realized Losses

251

Reports to Certificateholders; Certain Available Information

252

 

5

 

Voting Rights

261

Delivery, Form, Transfer and Denomination

261

Certificateholder Communication

264

List of Certificateholders

264

Description of the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreements

264

General

264

Dispute Resolution Provisions

270

Asset Review Obligations

270

Pooling and Servicing Agreement

270

General

270

Assignment of the Mortgage Loans

271

Servicing Standard

271

Subservicing

272

Advances

273

Accounts

276

Withdrawals from the Collection Account

278

Servicing and Other Compensation and Payment of Expenses

280

Maintenance of Insurance

296

Processing and Consent

298

Modifications, Waivers and Amendments

300

Enforcement of “Due-on-Sale” and “Due-on-Encumbrance” Provisions

302

Inspections

303

Collection of Operating Information

303

Special Servicing Transfer Event

303

Asset Status Report

305

Realization Upon Mortgage Loans

307

Sale of Defaulted Loans and REO Properties

309

The Directing Certificateholder

311

The Risk Retention Consultation Party

317

The Operating Advisor

318

The Asset Representations Reviewer

325

Replacement of Special Servicer Without Cause

332

Replacement of Special Servicer After Operating Advisor Recommendation and Certificateholder Vote

333

Termination of Master Servicer and Special Servicer for Cause

334

Resignation of the Master Servicer and Special Servicer

337

Resignation of Master Servicer, Trustee, Certificate Administrator, Operating Advisor or Asset Representations Reviewer Upon Prohibited Risk Retention Affiliation

337

Limitation on Liability; Indemnification

338

Enforcement of a Mortgage Loan Seller’s Obligations Under the MLPA

340

Dispute Resolution Provisions

340

Litigation Control

343

Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loans

344

Evidence as to Compliance

351

Limitation on Rights of Certificateholders to Institute a Proceeding

352

Termination; Retirement of Certificates

352

Amendment

353

Resignation and Removal of the Trustee and the Certificate Administrator

355

Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial; and Consent to Jurisdiction

355

Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans

356

General

357

Types of Mortgage Instruments

357

Leases and Rents

357

Personalty

358

Foreclosure

358

Bankruptcy Laws

361

 

6

 

Environmental Considerations

366

Due-on-Sale and Due-on-Encumbrance Provisions

367

Subordinate Financing

368

Default Interest and Limitations on Prepayments

368

Applicability of Usury Laws

368

Americans with Disabilities Act

368

Servicemembers Civil Relief Act

369

Anti-Money Laundering, Economic Sanctions and Bribery

369

Potential Forfeiture of Assets

369

Certain Affiliations, Relationships and Related Transactions Involving Transaction Parties

370

Pending Legal Proceedings Involving Transaction Parties

371

Use of Proceeds

371

Yield and Maturity Considerations

371

Yield Considerations

371

Yield on the Certificates with Notional Amounts

374

Weighted Average Life

374

Pre-Tax Yield to Maturity Tables

378

Material Federal Income Tax Considerations

381

General

381

Qualification as a REMIC

382

Status of Offered Certificates

384

Taxation of Regular Interests

384

Taxes That May Be Imposed on a REMIC

389

Taxation of Certain Foreign Investors

390

FATCA

391

Backup Withholding

391

Information Reporting

391

3.8% Medicare Tax on “Net Investment Income”

391

Reporting Requirements

391

Certain State and Local Tax Considerations

392

Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)

392

Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference

394

Where You Can Find More Information

394

Financial Information

395

Certain ERISA Considerations

395

General

395

Plan Asset Regulations

395

Administrative Exemptions

396

Insurance Company General Accounts

397

Legal Investment

398

Legal Matters

398

Ratings

398

Index of Defined Terms

401

 

Annex A-1:

Certain Characteristics of the Mortgage Loans and Mortgaged Properties

A-1-1

Annex A-2:

Mortgage Pool Information (Tables)

A-2-1

Annex A-3:

Summaries of the Fifteen Largest Mortgage Loans or Groups of Cross-Collateralized Mortgage Loans

A-3-1

Annex B:

Form of Distribution Date Statement

B-1

Annex C:

Form of Operating Advisor Annual Report

C-1

Annex D-1:

Mortgage Loan Representations and Warranties

D-1-1

Annex D-2:

Exceptions to Mortgage Loan Representations and Warranties

D-2-1

Annex E:

Class A-SB Planned Principal Balance Schedule

E-1

Annex F:

Definition of “Mortgage File”

F-1

 

7

 

Important Notice Regarding the Offered Certificates

 

WE HAVE FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION A REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, WITH RESPECT TO THE CERTIFICATES OFFERED IN THIS PROSPECTUS; HOWEVER, THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONTAIN ALL OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN OUR REGISTRATION STATEMENT. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION REGARDING THE DOCUMENTS REFERRED TO IN THIS PROSPECTUS, YOU SHOULD REFER TO OUR REGISTRATION STATEMENT AND THE EXHIBITS TO IT. OUR REGISTRATION STATEMENT AND THE EXHIBITS TO IT CAN BE OBTAINED ELECTRONICALLY THROUGH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION’S INTERNET WEBSITE (HTTP://WWW.SEC.GOV).

 

THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL OR A SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN ANY STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION WHERE SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.

 

THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES REFERRED TO IN THIS PROSPECTUS ARE OFFERED ON A “WHEN, AS AND IF ISSUED” BASIS. 

 

THE UNDERWRITERS DESCRIBED IN THESE MATERIALS MAY FROM TIME TO TIME PERFORM INVESTMENT BANKING SERVICES FOR, OR SOLICIT INVESTMENT BANKING BUSINESS FROM, ANY COMPANY NAMED IN THESE MATERIALS. THE UNDERWRITERS AND/OR THEIR RESPECTIVE EMPLOYEES MAY FROM TIME TO TIME HAVE A LONG OR SHORT POSITION IN ANY CONTRACT OR CERTIFICATE DISCUSSED IN THESE MATERIALS.

 

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS SUPERSEDES ANY PREVIOUS INFORMATION REGARDING THE CERTIFICATES DELIVERED TO ANY PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR.

 

THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES DO NOT REPRESENT AN INTEREST IN OR OBLIGATION OF THE DEPOSITOR, THE SPONSORS, THE MORTGAGE LOAN SELLERS, THE MASTER SERVICER, THE SPECIAL SERVICER, THE TRUSTEE, THE OPERATING ADVISOR, THE ASSET REPRESENTATIONS REVIEWER, THE CERTIFICATE ADMINISTRATOR, THE DIRECTING CERTIFICATEHOLDER, THE RISK RETENTION CONSULTATION PARTY, THE UNDERWRITERS OR ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES. NEITHER THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES NOR THE MORTGAGE LOANS ARE INSURED OR GUARANTEED BY ANY GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY OR INSTRUMENTALITY OR PRIVATE INSURER.

 

THERE IS CURRENTLY NO SECONDARY MARKET FOR THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES. WE CANNOT ASSURE YOU THAT A SECONDARY MARKET WILL DEVELOP OR, IF A SECONDARY MARKET DOES DEVELOP, THAT IT WILL PROVIDE HOLDERS OF THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES WITH LIQUIDITY OF INVESTMENT OR THAT IT WILL CONTINUE FOR THE TERM OF THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES. THE UNDERWRITERS CURRENTLY INTEND TO MAKE A MARKET IN THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES BUT ARE UNDER NO OBLIGATION TO DO SO. ACCORDINGLY, PURCHASERS MUST BE PREPARED TO BEAR THE RISKS OF THEIR INVESTMENTS FOR AN INDEFINITE PERIOD. SEE “RISK FACTORS—OTHER RISKS RELATING TO THE CERTIFICATES—THE CERTIFICATES MAY HAVE LIMITED LIQUIDITY AND THE MARKET VALUE OF THE CERTIFICATES MAY DECLINE” IN THIS PROSPECTUS.

 

Important Notice About Information Presented in this Prospectus

 

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information that is different from that contained in this prospectus. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus.

 

This prospectus begins with several introductory sections describing the certificates and the issuing entity in abbreviated form:

 

 

Summary of Certificates, which sets forth important statistical information relating to the certificates;

 

 

Summary of Terms, which gives a brief introduction of the key features of the certificates and a description of the mortgage loans; and

 

 

Risk Factors, which describes risks that apply to the certificates.

 

8

 

Certain capitalized terms are defined and used in this prospectus to assist you in understanding the terms of the offered certificates and this offering. The capitalized terms used in this prospectus are defined on the pages indicated under the caption “Index of Defined Terms” in this prospectus.

 

All annexes and schedules attached to this prospectus are a part of this prospectus.

 

In this prospectus:

 

 

the terms “depositor”, “we”, “us” and “our” refer to Morgan Stanley Capital I Inc.;

 

 

references to any specified mortgaged property (or portfolio of mortgaged properties) refer to the mortgaged property (or portfolio of mortgaged properties) with the same name identified on Annex A-1;

 

 

references to any specified mortgage loan should be construed to refer to the mortgage loan secured by the mortgaged property (or portfolio of mortgaged properties) with the same name identified on Annex A-1, representing the approximate percentage of the initial pool balance set forth on Annex A-1;

 

 

any parenthetical with a percentage next to a mortgage loan name or a group of mortgage loans indicates the approximate percentage (or approximate aggregate percentage) of the initial pool balance that the outstanding principal balance of such mortgage loan (or the aggregate outstanding principal balance of such group of mortgage loans) represents, as set forth on Annex A-1;

 

 

any parenthetical with a percentage next to a mortgaged property (or portfolio of mortgaged properties) indicates the approximate percentage (or approximate aggregate percentage) of the initial pool balance that the outstanding principal balance of the related mortgage loan (or, if applicable, the allocated loan amount or aggregate allocated loan amount with respect to such mortgaged property or mortgaged properties) represents, as set forth on Annex A-1;

 

 

references to a “pooling and servicing agreement” (other than the MSC 2020-L4 pooling and servicing agreement) governing the servicing of any mortgage loan should be construed to refer to any relevant pooling and servicing agreement, trust and servicing agreement or other primary transaction agreement governing the servicing of such mortgage loan; and

 

 

references to “lender” or “mortgage lender” with respect to a mortgage loan generally should be construed to mean, from and after the date of initial issuance of the offered certificates, the trustee on behalf of the issuing entity as the holder of record title to the mortgage loans or the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, with respect to the obligations and rights of the lender as described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement”.

 

Until ninety days after the date of this prospectus, all dealers that buy, sell or trade the offered certificates, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

 

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

 

This prospectus presents a number of non-GAAP financial measures, including Underwritten Net Cash Flow as well as other terms used to measure and present information relating to operation and performance of the Mortgaged Properties that are commonly used in the commercial real estate and real estate finance industries.  In addition, the presentation of Net Operating Income includes adjustments that reflect various non-GAAP measures.

 

As presented in this prospectus, these terms are measures that are not presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).  They are not measurements of financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as alternatives to performance measures derived in accordance with GAAP or as alternatives to net income or cash flows from operating activities or as illustrative measures of liquidity. While some of these terms are widely-used within the commercial real estate and real estate finance industries, these terms have limitations as analytical tools, and investors should not consider them in isolation or as substitutes for analysis of results as if reported under GAAP.

 

The non-GAAP financial measures presented are not intended as alternatives to any measures of performance in conformity with GAAP.  Investors should therefore not place undue reliance on non-GAAP financial measures or ratios calculated using those measures.

 

9

 

The SEC has adopted rules to regulate the use in filings with the SEC and public disclosures and press releases of non-GAAP financial measures that are derived on the basis of methodologies other than in accordance with GAAP.  The non-GAAP financial measures presented in this prospectus may not comply with these rules.

 

NOTICE TO RESIDENTS OF CANADA

 

THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES MAY BE SOLD IN CANADA ONLY TO PURCHASERS PURCHASING, OR DEEMED TO BE PURCHASING, AS PRINCIPAL THAT ARE ACCREDITED INVESTORS, AS DEFINED IN NATIONAL INSTRUMENT 45-106 PROSPECTUS EXEMPTIONS OR SUBSECTION 73.3(1) OF THE SECURITIES ACT (ONTARIO), AND ARE PERMITTED CLIENTS, AS DEFINED IN NATIONAL INSTRUMENT 31-103 REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS, EXEMPTIONS AND ONGOING REGISTRANT OBLIGATIONS. ANY RESALE OF THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES MUST BE MADE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AN EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE PROSPECTUS REQUIREMENTS OF APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS.

 

SECURITIES LEGISLATION IN CERTAIN PROVINCES OR TERRITORIES OF CANADA MAY PROVIDE A PURCHASER WITH REMEDIES FOR RESCISSION OR DAMAGES IF THIS PROSPECTUS (INCLUDING ANY AMENDMENT HERETO) CONTAINS A MISREPRESENTATION, PROVIDED THAT THE REMEDIES FOR RESCISSION OR DAMAGES ARE EXERCISED BY THE PURCHASER WITHIN THE TIME LIMIT PRESCRIBED BY THE SECURITIES LEGISLATION OF THE PURCHASER’S PROVINCE OR TERRITORY. THE PURCHASER SHOULD REFER TO ANY APPLICABLE PROVISIONS OF THE SECURITIES LEGISLATION OF THE PURCHASER’S PROVINCE OR TERRITORY FOR PARTICULARS OF THESE RIGHTS OR CONSULT WITH A LEGAL ADVISOR.

 

PURSUANT TO SECTION 3A.3 OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENT 33-105 UNDERWRITING CONFLICTS (“NI 33-105”), THE UNDERWRITERS ARE NOT REQUIRED TO COMPLY WITH THE DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS OF NI 33-105 REGARDING UNDERWRITER CONFLICTS OF INTEREST IN CONNECTION WITH THIS OFFERING.

 

NOTICE TO RESIDENTS OF THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA OR THE UNITED KINGDOM

 

THIS PROSPECTUS (AND ANY SUPPLEMENT HERETO) IS NOT A PROSPECTUS FOR THE PURPOSES OF REGULATION (EU) 2017/1129 (AS AMENDED, THE “PROSPECTUS REGULATION”).

 

THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES ARE NOT INTENDED TO BE OFFERED, SOLD OR OTHERWISE MADE AVAILABLE TO AND SHOULD NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD OR OTHERWISE MADE AVAILABLE TO ANY RETAIL INVESTOR IN THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA (THE “EEA”) OR IN THE UNITED KINGDOM (THE “UK”). FOR THESE PURPOSES, A RETAIL INVESTOR MEANS A PERSON WHO IS ONE (OR MORE) OF: (I) A RETAIL CLIENT AS DEFINED IN POINT (11) OF ARTICLE 4(1) OF DIRECTIVE 2014/65/EU (AS AMENDED, “MIFID II”); OR (II) A CUSTOMER WITHIN THE MEANING OF DIRECTIVE (EU) 2016/97 (AS AMENDED), WHERE THAT CUSTOMER WOULD NOT QUALIFY AS A PROFESSIONAL CLIENT AS DEFINED IN POINT (10) OF ARTICLE 4(1) OF MIFID II; OR (III) NOT A QUALIFIED INVESTOR AS DEFINED IN THE PROSPECTUS REGULATION.

 

CONSEQUENTLY NO KEY INFORMATION DOCUMENT REQUIRED BY REGULATION (EU) NO 1286/2014 (AS AMENDED, THE “PRIIPS REGULATION”) FOR OFFERING OR SELLING THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES OR OTHERWISE MAKING THEM AVAILABLE TO RETAIL INVESTORS IN THE EEA OR IN THE UK HAS BEEN PREPARED AND THEREFORE OFFERING OR SELLING THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES OR OTHERWISE MAKING THEM AVAILABLE TO ANY RETAIL INVESTOR IN THE EEA OR IN THE UK MAY BE UNLAWFUL UNDER THE PRIIPS REGULATION.

 

FURTHERMORE, THIS PROSPECTUS (AND ANY SUPPLEMENT HERETO) HAS BEEN PREPARED ON THE BASIS THAT ANY OFFER OF OFFERED CERTIFICATES IN THE EEA OR THE UK WILL ONLY BE MADE TO A LEGAL ENTITY WHICH IS A QUALIFIED INVESTOR UNDER THE PROSPECTUS REGULATION (“QUALIFIED INVESTOR”).  ACCORDINGLY, ANY PERSON MAKING OR INTENDING TO MAKE AN OFFER IN THE EEA OR IN THE UK OF THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES MAY ONLY DO SO WITH RESPECT TO QUALIFIED INVESTORS. NONE OF THE ISSUING ENTITY, THE DEPOSITOR OR THE UNDERWRITERS HAS AUTHORIZED, NOR DOES ANY OF THEM AUTHORIZE, THE MAKING OF ANY OFFER OF OFFERED CERTIFICATES IN THE EEA OR THE UK OTHER THAN TO QUALIFIED INVESTORS.

 

ANY DISTRIBUTOR SUBJECT TO MIFID II THAT IS OFFERING, SELLING OR RECOMMENDING THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES IS RESPONSIBLE FOR UNDERTAKING ITS OWN TARGET MARKET ASSESSMENT IN RESPECT OF THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES AND DETERMINING ITS OWN DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS FOR THE PURPOSES OF THE MIFID II PRODUCT GOVERNANCE RULES UNDER COMMISSION DELEGATED DIRECTIVE (EU) 2017/593 (AS AMENDED, THE “DELEGATED DIRECTIVE”).  NONE OF THE ISSUING ENTITY,

 

10

 

THE DEPOSITOR OR ANY OF THE UNDERWRITERS MAKES ANY REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES AS TO A DISTRIBUTOR’S COMPLIANCE WITH THE DELEGATED DIRECTIVE.

 

EUROPEAN RISK RETENTION AND DUE DILIGENCE REQUIREMENTS

 

NONE OF THE SPONSORS OR ANY OTHER PARTY TO THE TRANSACTION, INTENDS TO RETAIN A MATERIAL NET ECONOMIC INTEREST IN THE SECURITIZATION CONSTITUTED BY THE ISSUE OF THE CERTIFICATES IN A MANNER PRESCRIBED BY ARTICLE 6 OF EUROPEAN UNION REGULATION (EU) 2017/2402. IN ADDITION, NO SUCH PERSON UNDERTAKES TO TAKE ANY OTHER ACTION WHICH MAY BE REQUIRED BY ANY INVESTOR FOR THE PURPOSES OF ITS COMPLIANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE REQUIREMENT UNDER SUCH REGULATION.  FURTHERMORE, THE ARRANGEMENTS DESCRIBED UNDER “CREDIT RISK RETENTION” IN THIS PROSPECTUS HAVE NOT BEEN STRUCTURED WITH THE OBJECTIVE OF ENSURING COMPLIANCE BY ANY PERSON WITH ANY REQUIREMENTS OF SUCH REGULATION. CONSEQUENTLY, THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES MAY NOT BE A SUITABLE INVESTMENT FOR INVESTORS WHICH ARE SUBJECT TO ANY SUCH REQUIREMENTS.

 

NOTICE TO RESIDENTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM

 

THE ISSUING ENTITY MAY CONSTITUTE A “COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT SCHEME” AS DEFINED BY SECTION 235 OF THE FINANCIAL SERVICES AND MARKETS ACT 2000 (AS AMENDED, “FSMA”) THAT IS NOT A “RECOGNIZED COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT SCHEME” FOR THE PURPOSES OF THE FSMA AND THAT HAS NOT BEEN AUTHORIZED, REGULATED OR OTHERWISE RECOGNIZED OR APPROVED.  AS AN UNREGULATED SCHEME, THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES CANNOT BE MARKETED IN THE UNITED KINGDOM TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC, EXCEPT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FSMA.

 

THE DISTRIBUTION OF THIS PROSPECTUS (AND ANY SUPPLEMENT HERETO) (A) IF MADE BY A PERSON WHO IS NOT AN AUTHORIZED PERSON UNDER THE FSMA, IS BEING MADE ONLY TO, OR DIRECTED ONLY AT, PERSONS WHO (I) ARE OUTSIDE THE UNITED KINGDOM, OR (II) HAVE PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE IN MATTERS RELATING TO INVESTMENTS AND QUALIFY AS INVESTMENT PROFESSIONALS IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 19(5) OF THE FINANCIAL SERVICES AND MARKETS ACT 2000 (FINANCIAL PROMOTION) ORDER 2005 (AS AMENDED, THE “FINANCIAL PROMOTION ORDER”), OR (III) ARE PERSONS FALLING WITHIN ARTICLE 49(2)(A) THROUGH (D) (“HIGH NET WORTH COMPANIES, UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS, ETC.”) OF THE FINANCIAL PROMOTION ORDER, OR (IV) ARE PERSONS TO WHICH THIS PROSPECTUS (AND ANY SUCH SUPPLEMENT) MAY OTHERWISE LAWFULLY BE COMMUNICATED OR DIRECTED (ALL SUCH PERSONS TOGETHER BEING REFERRED TO AS “FPO PERSONS”); AND (B) IF MADE BY A PERSON WHO IS AN AUTHORIZED PERSON UNDER THE FSMA, IS BEING MADE ONLY TO, OR DIRECTED ONLY AT, PERSONS WHO (I) ARE OUTSIDE THE UNITED KINGDOM, OR (II) HAVE PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE OF PARTICIPATING IN UNREGULATED SCHEMES (AS DEFINED FOR PURPOSES OF THE FINANCIAL SERVICES AND MARKETS ACT 2000 (PROMOTION OF COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT SCHEMES) (EXEMPTIONS) ORDER 2001 (AS AMENDED, THE “PROMOTION OF COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT SCHEMES EXEMPTIONS ORDER”)) AND QUALIFY AS INVESTMENT PROFESSIONALS IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 14(5) OF THE PROMOTION OF COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT SCHEMES EXEMPTIONS ORDER, OR (III) ARE PERSONS FALLING WITHIN ARTICLE 22(2)(A) THROUGH (D) (HIGH NET WORTH COMPANIES, UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS, ETC.) OF THE PROMOTION OF COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT SCHEMES EXEMPTIONS ORDER, OR (IV) ARE PERSONS TO WHOM THE ISSUING ENTITY MAY LAWFULLY BE PROMOTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 4.12 OF THE UK FINANCIAL CONDUCT AUTHORITY’S CONDUCT OF BUSINESS SOURCEBOOK (ALL SUCH PERSONS TOGETHER BEING REFERRED TO AS “PCIS PERSONS“ AND, TOGETHER WITH THE FPO PERSONS, THE “RELEVANT PERSONS”).

 

THIS PROSPECTUS (AND ANY SUPPLEMENT HERETO) MUST NOT BE ACTED ON OR RELIED ON BY PERSONS WHO ARE NOT RELEVANT PERSONS.  ANY INVESTMENT OR INVESTMENT ACTIVITY TO WHICH THIS PROSPECTUS (AND ANY SUPPLEMENT HERETO) RELATES, INCLUDING THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES, IS AVAILABLE ONLY TO RELEVANT PERSONS AND WILL BE ENGAGED IN ONLY WITH RELEVANT PERSONS. 

 

11

 

POTENTIAL INVESTORS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM ARE ADVISED THAT ALL, OR MOST, OF THE PROTECTIONS AFFORDED BY THE UNITED KINGDOM REGULATORY SYSTEM WILL NOT APPLY TO AN INVESTMENT IN THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES AND THAT COMPENSATION WILL NOT BE AVAILABLE UNDER THE UNITED KINGDOM FINANCIAL SERVICES COMPENSATION SCHEME.

 

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

 

THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES WILL NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (EXCLUDING HONG KONG, MACAU AND TAIWAN, THE “PRC”) AS PART OF THE INITIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES BUT MAY BE AVAILABLE FOR PURCHASE BY INVESTORS RESIDENT IN THE PRC FROM OUTSIDE THE PRC.

 

THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY ANY SECURITIES IN THE PRC TO ANY PERSON TO WHOM IT IS UNLAWFUL TO MAKE THE OFFER OR SOLICITATION IN THE PRC.

 

THE DEPOSITOR DOES NOT REPRESENT THAT THIS PROSPECTUS MAY BE LAWFULLY DISTRIBUTED, OR THAT ANY OFFERED CERTIFICATES MAY BE LAWFULLY OFFERED, IN COMPLIANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE REGISTRATION OR OTHER REQUIREMENTS IN THE PRC, OR PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION AVAILABLE THEREUNDER, OR ASSUME ANY RESPONSIBILITY FOR FACILITATING ANY SUCH DISTRIBUTION OR OFFERING. IN PARTICULAR, NO ACTION HAS BEEN TAKEN BY THE DEPOSITOR WHICH WOULD PERMIT AN OFFERING OF ANY OFFERED CERTIFICATES OR THE DISTRIBUTION OF THIS PROSPECTUS IN THE PRC. ACCORDINGLY, THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES ARE NOT BEING OFFERED OR SOLD WITHIN THE PRC BY MEANS OF THIS PROSPECTUS OR ANY OTHER DOCUMENT. NEITHER THIS PROSPECTUS NOR ANY ADVERTISEMENT OR OTHER OFFERING MATERIAL MAY BE DISTRIBUTED OR PUBLISHED IN THE PRC, EXCEPT UNDER CIRCUMSTANCES THAT WILL RESULT IN COMPLIANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE LAWS AND REGULATIONS.

 

HONG KONG

 

THIS PROSPECTUS HAS NOT BEEN DELIVERED FOR REGISTRATION TO THE REGISTRAR OF COMPANIES IN HONG KONG AND THE CONTENTS OF THIS PROSPECTUS HAVE NOT BEEN REVIEWED OR APPROVED BY ANY REGULATORY AUTHORITY IN HONG KONG. THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE NOR INTEND TO BE AN OFFER OR INVITATION TO THE PUBLIC IN HONG KONG TO ACQUIRE THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES.

 

EACH UNDERWRITER HAS REPRESENTED, WARRANTED AND AGREED THAT: (1) IT HAS NOT OFFERED OR SOLD AND WILL NOT OFFER OR SELL IN HONG KONG, BY MEANS OF ANY DOCUMENT, ANY OFFERED CERTIFICATES (EXCEPT FOR CERTIFICATES WHICH ARE A “STRUCTURED PRODUCT” AS DEFINED IN THE SECURITIES AND FUTURES ORDINANCE (CAP. 571) (THE “SFO”) OF HONG KONG) OTHER THAN (A) TO “PROFESSIONAL INVESTORS” AS DEFINED IN THE SFO AND ANY RULES OR REGULATIONS MADE UNDER THE SFO; OR (B) IN OTHER CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH DO NOT RESULT IN THE DOCUMENT BEING A “PROSPECTUS“ AS DEFINED IN THE COMPANIES (WINDING UP AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS) ORDINANCE (CAP. 32) (THE “C(WUMP)O”) OF HONG KONG OR WHICH DO NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO THE PUBLIC WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE C(WUMP)O; AND (2) IT HAS NOT ISSUED OR HAD IN ITS POSSESSION FOR THE PURPOSES OF ISSUE, AND WILL NOT ISSUE OR HAVE IN ITS POSSESSION FOR THE PURPOSES OF ISSUE, WHETHER IN HONG KONG OR ELSEWHERE, ANY ADVERTISEMENT, INVITATION OR DOCUMENT RELATING TO THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES, WHICH IS DIRECTED AT, OR THE CONTENTS OF WHICH ARE LIKELY TO BE ACCESSED OR READ BY, THE PUBLIC OF HONG KONG (EXCEPT IF PERMITTED TO DO SO UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF HONG KONG) OTHER THAN WITH RESPECT TO OFFERED CERTIFICATES WHICH ARE OR ARE INTENDED TO BE DISPOSED OF ONLY TO PERSONS OUTSIDE HONG KONG OR ONLY TO “PROFESSIONAL INVESTORS” AS DEFINED IN THE SFO AND ANY RULES MADE UNDER THE SFO.

 

W A R N I N G

 

THE CONTENTS OF THIS PROSPECTUS HAVE NOT BEEN REVIEWED OR APPROVED BY ANY REGULATORY AUTHORITY IN HONG KONG. YOU ARE ADVISED TO EXERCISE CAUTION IN RELATION TO THE OFFER. IF YOU ARE IN ANY DOUBT ABOUT ANY OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS PROSPECTUS, YOU SHOULD OBTAIN INDEPENDENT PROFESSIONAL ADVICE.

 

12

 

SINGAPORE

 

NEITHER THIS PROSPECTUS NOR ANY OTHER DOCUMENT OR MATERIAL IN CONNECTION WITH ANY OFFER OF THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES HAS BEEN OR WILL BE REGISTERED AS A PROSPECTUS WITH THE MONETARY AUTHORITY OF SINGAPORE (“MAS”) UNDER THE SECURITIES AND FUTURES ACT (CAP. 289) OF SINGAPORE (THE “SFA”). ACCORDINGLY, MAS ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE CONTENTS OF THIS PROSPECTUS. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT A PROSPECTUS AS DEFINED IN THE SFA AND STATUTORY LIABILITY UNDER THE SFA IN RELATION TO THE CONTENTS OF PROSPECTUSES WOULD NOT APPLY.  ANY PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR SHOULD CONSIDER CAREFULLY WHETHER THE INVESTMENT IS SUITABLE FOR IT.

 

THIS PROSPECTUS AND ANY OTHER DOCUMENTS OR MATERIALS IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFER OR SALE, OR INVITATION FOR SUBSCRIPTION OR PURCHASE, OF THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES MAY NOT BE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ISSUED, CIRCULATED OR DISTRIBUTED, NOR MAY THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES BE OFFERED OR SOLD, OR BE MADE THE SUBJECT OF AN INVITATION FOR SUBSCRIPTION OR PURCHASE, WHETHER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, TO PERSONS IN SINGAPORE OTHER THAN TO AN INSTITUTIONAL INVESTOR (AS DEFINED IN SECTION 4A(1)(C) OF THE SFA) (“INSTITUTIONAL INVESTOR”) PURSUANT TO SECTION 304 OF THE SFA.

 

UNLESS SUCH OFFERED CERTIFICATES ARE OF THE SAME CLASS AS OTHER OFFERED CERTIFICATES OF THE ISSUING ENTITY THAT ARE LISTED FOR QUOTATION ON AN APPROVED EXCHANGE (AS DEFINED IN SECTION  2(1) OF THE SFA) (“APPROVED EXCHANGE”) AND IN RESPECT OF WHICH ANY OFFER INFORMATION STATEMENT, INTRODUCTORY DOCUMENT, SHAREHOLDERS’ CIRCULAR FOR A REVERSE TAKE-OVER, DOCUMENT ISSUED FOR THE PURPOSES OF A TRUST SCHEME, OR ANY OTHER SIMILAR DOCUMENT APPROVED BY AN APPROVED EXCHANGE, WAS ISSUED IN CONNECTION WITH AN OFFER, OR THE LISTING FOR QUOTATION, OF THOSE OFFERED CERTIFICATES, ANY SUBSEQUENT OFFERS IN SINGAPORE OF OFFERED CERTIFICATES ACQUIRED PURSUANT TO AN INITIAL OFFER MADE HEREUNDER MAY ONLY BE MADE, PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF SECTION 304A, TO PERSONS WHO ARE INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS.

 

AS THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES ARE ONLY OFFERED TO PERSONS IN SINGAPORE WHO QUALIFY AS AN INSTITUTIONAL INVESTOR, THE ISSUING ENTITY IS NOT REQUIRED TO DETERMINE THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES PURSUANT TO SECTION 309B OF THE SFA.

 

NOTHING SET OUT IN THIS NOTICE SHALL BE CONSTRUED AS LEGAL ADVICE AND EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR SHOULD CONSULT ITS OWN LEGAL COUNSEL. THIS NOTICE IS FURTHER SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE SFA AND ITS REGULATIONS, AS THE SAME MAY BE AMENDED OR CONSOLIDATED FROM TIME TO TIME, AND DOES NOT PURPORT TO BE EXHAUSTIVE IN ANY RESPECT.

 

THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

 

THESE CERTIFICATES HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE FINANCIAL SERVICES COMMISSION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA FOR A PUBLIC OFFERING IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA.  THE UNDERWRITERS HAVE THEREFORE REPRESENTED AND AGREED THAT THE CERTIFICATES HAVE NOT BEEN AND WILL NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD OR DELIVERED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OR OFFERED, SOLD OR DELIVERED TO ANY PERSON FOR RE-OFFERING OR RESALE, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA OR TO ANY RESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA, EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PERMITTED UNDER APPLICABLE LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA, INCLUDING THE FINANCIAL INVESTMENT SERVICES AND CAPITAL MARKETS ACT AND THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS LAW AND THE DECREES AND REGULATIONS THEREUNDER.

 

JAPAN

 

THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES HAVE NOT BEEN AND WILL NOT BE REGISTERED UNDER THE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND EXCHANGE LAW OF JAPAN, AS AMENDED (THE “FIEL”), AND DISCLOSURE UNDER THE FIEL HAS NOT BEEN AND WILL NOT BE MADE WITH RESPECT TO THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES. ACCORDINGLY, EACH UNDERWRITER HAS REPRESENTED AND AGREED THAT IT HAS NOT, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OFFERED OR SOLD AND WILL NOT, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OFFER OR SELL ANY OFFERED CERTIFICATES IN JAPAN OR TO, OR FOR THE BENEFIT OF, ANY RESIDENT OF JAPAN (WHICH TERM AS USED IN THIS PROSPECTUS MEANS ANY PERSON RESIDENT IN JAPAN, INCLUDING ANY CORPORATION OR OTHER ENTITY ORGANIZED UNDER THE LAWS OF JAPAN) OR TO OTHERS FOR REOFFERING OR RE-SALE, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, IN JAPAN OR TO, OR FOR THE BENEFIT OF, ANY RESIDENT OF JAPAN EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION

 

13

 

 

REQUIREMENTS OF, AND OTHERWISE IN COMPLIANCE WITH, THE FIEL AND OTHER RELEVANT LAWS, REGULATIONS AND MINISTERIAL GUIDELINES OF JAPAN. AS PART OF THIS OFFERING OF THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES, THE UNDERWRITERS MAY OFFER THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES IN JAPAN TO UP TO 49 OFFEREES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ABOVE PROVISIONS.

 

JAPANESE RISK RETENTION REQUIREMENTS

 

NO REPRESENTATION IS MADE AS TO WHETHER THE TRANSACTION DESCRIBED HEREIN WOULD COMPLY WITH THE JAPANESE FINANCIAL SERVICES AGENCY (“JFSA”) RISK RETENTION RULE (AS MORE FULLY DESCRIBED UNDER “RISK FACTORS—OTHER RISKS RELATING TO THE CERTIFICATES—RECENT DEVELOPMENTS CONCERNING THE PROPOSED JAPANESE RETENTION REQUIREMENTS” BELOW) AND NO PARTY TO THE TRANSACTION DESCRIBED HEREIN HAS COMMITTED TO RETAIN A NET ECONOMIC INTEREST IN THE SECURITIZATION CALCULATED FOR THE PURPOSE OF COMPLYING WITH SUCH REQUIREMENTS.

14

 

 

Summary of Terms

 

This summary highlights selected information from this prospectus. It does not contain all of the information you need to consider in making your investment decision. To understand all of the terms of the offering of the offered certificates, read this entire document carefully.

 

Relevant Parties

 

Title of Certificates   

 

Morgan Stanley Capital I Trust 2020-L4, Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2020-L4.

 

Depositor    

 

Morgan Stanley Capital I Inc., a Delaware corporation. The principal executive offices of Morgan Stanley Capital I Inc. are located at 1585 Broadway, New York, New York 10036, and its telephone number is (212) 761-4000. See “Transaction Parties—The Depositor”.

 

Issuing Entity     

 

Morgan Stanley Capital I Trust 2020-L4, a New York common law trust, to be established on the closing date under the pooling and servicing agreement. See “Transaction Parties—The Issuing Entity”.

 

Sponsors

 

The sponsors of this transaction are (1) Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, a New York limited liability company, (2) Argentic Real Estate Finance LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, (3) Starwood Mortgage Capital LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and (4) Cantor Commercial Real Estate Lending, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership.

     

 

 

The sponsors are sometimes also referred to in this prospectus as the “mortgage loan sellers”. The sponsors will transfer to the depositor the mortgage loans set forth in the following chart:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mortgage Loan Seller

 

Number of
Mortgage
Loans

 

Aggregate Cut-off
Date Balance of
Mortgage Loans

 

Approx.
% of
Initial
Pool
Balance

 

Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC

 

20

 

$420,084,997

 

50.6

%

 

Argentic Real Estate Finance LLC

 

7

 

$159,336,759

 

19.2

%

 

Starwood Mortgage Capital LLC

 

8

 

$135,350,000

 

16.3

%

 

Cantor Commercial Real Estate Lending, L.P.

 

5

 

$115,730,000

 

13.9

%

 

Total

 

40

 

$830,501,755

 

100.0

%

 

 

See “Transaction Parties—The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers”.

 

Originators  

 

Each mortgage loan seller or its affiliate originated the mortgage loans as to which it is acting as mortgage loan seller, except for the following:

 

 

The Bellagio Hotel and Casino mortgage loan (7.8%) is part of a whole loan that was co-originated by Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A., Citi Real Estate Funding Inc. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association. Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC is acting as the mortgage loan seller for such mortgage loan.

 

 

The 545 Washington Boulevard mortgage loan (7.2%) is part of a whole loan that was co-originated by Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. and Barclays Capital Real Estate Inc. Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC is acting as the mortgage loan seller for such mortgage loan.

 

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●  

The 55 Hudson Yards mortgage loan (4.4%) is part of a whole loan that was co-originated by Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, DBR Investments Co. Limited and Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC is acting as the mortgage loan seller for such mortgage loan.

 

●    

The Sol y Luna mortgage loan (3.0%) is part of a whole loan that was co-originated by Cantor Commercial Real Estate Lending, L.P., and 3650 REIT. Cantor Commercial Real Estate Lending, L.P. acquired the Sol y Luna mortgage loan from 3650 REIT and is acting as the mortgage loan seller for such mortgage loan.

 

●    

 

The Holiday Inn Express Chalmette mortgage loan (0.7%) was originated by SSC MBS, LLC and was acquired by Starwood Mortgage Capital LLC, which is acting as mortgage loan seller for such mortgage loan.

 

 

See “Transaction Parties—The Originators”.

 

Master Servicer  

 

Midland Loan Services, a Division of PNC Bank, National Association, a national banking association, is expected to be the master servicer. The master servicer will be primarily responsible for the servicing and administration of the mortgage loans and the related companion loans pursuant to the pooling and servicing agreement (other than any mortgage loan (a “non-serviced mortgage loan”) or companion loan (a “non-serviced companion loan”) that is part of a whole loan (a “non-serviced whole loan”) that is serviced under a separate pooling and servicing agreement (see “—The Mortgage Pool—Whole Loans” below)). The principal commercial mortgage master servicing offices of the master servicer are located at 10851 Mastin Street, Building 82, Suite 300, Overland Park, Kansas 66210, and its telephone number is (913) 253-9000. See “Transaction Parties—The Master Servicer” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement”.

 

 

Each non-serviced mortgage loan will be serviced by the servicer under a separate pooling and servicing agreement, which servicer is identified in the table below entitled “Non-Serviced Whole Loans” under “—The Mortgage Pool—Whole Loans.” In particular, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, is the servicer under separate pooling and servicing agreements pursuant to which the 545 Washington Boulevard, 1412 Broadway, 55 Hudson Yards and Alrig Portfolio mortgage loans (18.2%) are serviced. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loans”.

 

Special Servicer    

 

LNR Partners, LLC, a Florida limited liability company, is expected to be the special servicer with respect to the mortgage loans (other than any excluded special servicer loan and any non-serviced mortgage loan (except as set forth in the table below entitled “Non-Serviced Whole Loans” under “—The Mortgage Pool—Whole Loans”)) and the related companion loans. The special servicer will be primarily responsible for (i) making decisions and performing certain servicing functions with respect to such mortgage loans and related companion loans as to which a special servicing transfer event (such as a default or an imminent default) has occurred and (ii) in certain circumstances, reviewing, evaluating, processing and/or providing or withholding consent as to certain major decisions and other actions of the master servicer relating to such mortgage loans and any related companion loans for which a special servicing transfer event has not occurred. LNR Partners, LLC was selected to be the special servicer by Argentic Securities Income USA LLC or an affiliate thereof, which, on the closing date, is expected to be appointed as the initial directing certificateholder. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Directing

 

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Certificateholder“. The principal servicing office of the special servicer is located at 1601 Washington Avenue, Suite 700, Miami Beach, Florida 33139, and its telephone number is (305) 695-5600. See “Transaction Parties—The Special Servicer” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement”. 

 

 

The special servicer with respect to each non-serviced mortgage loan is set forth in the table below titled “Non-Serviced Whole Loans” under “—The Mortgage Pool—Whole Loans”. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loans”.

 

 

If the special servicer obtains knowledge that it has become a borrower party (as described under “—Directing Certificateholder“ below) with respect to any mortgage loan (such mortgage loan referred to herein as an “excluded special servicer loan”), the special servicer will be required to resign as special servicer of that excluded special servicer loan. Prior to the occurrence of a control termination event under the pooling and servicing agreement, the directing certificateholder will be entitled to select a separate special servicer that is not a borrower party (referred to herein as an “excluded special servicer”) with respect to any excluded special servicer loan, unless such excluded special servicer loan is also an excluded DCH loan (as described under “—Directing Certificateholder” below). After the occurrence and during the continuance of a control termination event, if at any time the applicable excluded special servicer loan is also an excluded DCH loan or if the directing certificateholder is entitled to appoint the excluded special servicer but does not so appoint within 30 days of notice of such resignation, the resigning special servicer will be required to select the related excluded special servicer. See “—Directing Certificateholder” below and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Termination of Master Servicer and Special Servicer for Cause”. Any excluded special servicer will be required to perform all of the obligations of the special servicer and will be entitled to all special servicing compensation with respect to such excluded special servicer loan earned while the related mortgage loan is an excluded special servicer loan.

 

Trustee    

 

Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, a national banking association, will act as trustee. The corporate trust office of Wells Fargo Bank, National Association is located at 9062 Old Annapolis Road, Columbia, Maryland 21045, Attn: Corporate Trust Services MSC 2020-L4.

 

 

Following the transfer of the mortgage loans, except as described below, the trustee, on behalf of the issuing entity, will become the mortgagee of record for each serviced mortgage loan and any related companion loans. See “Transaction Parties—The Trustee and the Certificate Administrator” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement”.

 

 

With respect to each servicing shift mortgage loan, instruments of assignment may be in blank and need not be recorded until the earliest of (i) the securitization of the related lead servicing note (in which case the trustee under the pooling and servicing agreement for that securitization will become the mortgagee of record), (ii) the date such mortgage loan becomes a specially serviced loan, and (iii) the expiration of 180 days following the closing date.

 

 

With respect to each non-serviced mortgage loan, the applicable trustee under the lead securitization servicing agreement set forth in the table titled “Non-Serviced Whole Loans” under “—The Mortgage Pool—Whole Loans” below will be the mortgagee of record for such mortgage loan (and the related companion loan(s)).

 

Certificate Administrator    

 

Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, a national banking association, will act as certificate administrator, as well as custodian, certificate

 

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registrar, REMIC administrator, 17g-5 information provider and authenticating agent. The corporate trust office of Wells Fargo Bank, National Association is located at 9062 Old Annapolis Road, Columbia, Maryland 21045, Attn: Corporate Trust Services MSC 2020-L4, and the office designated for purposes of certificate transfers and exchanges is located at Wells Fargo Center, 600 South 4th Street, 7th Floor MAC N9300-070, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55479, Attn: MSC 2020-L4. See “Transaction Parties—The Trustee and the Certificate Administrator” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement”.

 

 

With respect to each non-serviced mortgage loan, the applicable custodian set forth in the table titled “Non-Serviced Whole Loans“ under “—The Mortgage Pool—Whole Loans” below will, with limited exception, hold the mortgage file for such mortgage loan (and the related companion loan(s)); provided, that such mortgage file will not include originals of any promissory notes not included in the related lead securitization trust. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loans”.

 

Operating Advisor   

 

Pentalpha Surveillance LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, will be the operating advisor. The operating advisor will have certain review and reporting responsibilities with respect to the performance of the special servicer, and in certain circumstances may recommend to the certificateholders that the special servicer be replaced. The operating advisor will have no obligations or rights with respect to non-serviced mortgage loans. See “Transaction Parties—The Operating Advisor and Asset Representations Reviewer” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Operating Advisor”.

 

Asset Representations

 

 

Reviewer

 

Pentalpha Surveillance LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, will be the asset representations reviewer. The asset representations reviewer will be required to review certain delinquent mortgage loans after a specified delinquency threshold has been met and the required percentage of certificateholders vote to direct a review of such delinquent mortgage loans. See “Transaction Parties—The Operating Advisor and Asset Representations Reviewer” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Asset Representations Reviewer”.

 

Directing Certificateholder    

 

Subject to the rights of the holders of any serviced subordinate companion loans and any controlling serviced pari passu companion loans, the directing certificateholder will have certain consent and consultation rights (other than with respect to any non-serviced mortgage loan or excluded DCH loan). The directing certificateholder will generally be the controlling class certificateholder (or its representative) selected by a specified percentage of the controlling class certificateholders (by certificate balance). However, in certain circumstances (such as when no directing certificateholder has been appointed and no one holder owns the largest aggregate certificate balance of the controlling class) there may be no directing certificateholder even if there is a controlling class. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Directing Certificateholder”.

 

 

An “excluded DCH loan” is a mortgage loan or whole loan with respect to which the directing certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the controlling class certificates (by certificate balance) is a borrower related party. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Directing Certificateholder”.

 

 

The controlling class will be the most subordinate class of the Class G-RR and Class H-RR certificates then outstanding that has an aggregate certificate balance, as notionally reduced by any cumulative

 

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appraisal reduction amounts allocable to such class in the manner described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing and Other Compensation and Payment of Expenses—Appraisal Reduction Amounts” in this prospectus, at least equal to 25% of the initial certificate balance of that class; provided, that if at any time the certificate balances of the certificates other than the Class G-RR and Class H-RR certificates have been reduced to zero as a result of principal payments on the mortgage loans, then the controlling class will be the most subordinate of such classes of certificates that has a certificate balance greater than zero without regard to any appraisal reduction amounts or collateral deficiency amounts. No other class of certificates will be eligible to act as the controlling class or appoint a directing certificateholder. As of the closing date, the controlling class will be the Class H-RR certificates.

 

 

It is anticipated that Argentic Securities Holdings Cayman Limited or its affiliate will purchase the Class X-F, Class F, Class G-RR, Class H-RR and Class V certificates and, on the closing date, is expected to appoint Argentic Securities Income USA LLC, its affiliate, as the initial directing certificateholder.

 

 

With respect to each non-serviced mortgage loan, the applicable entity set forth in the table titled “Non-Serviced Whole Loans” under “—The Mortgage Pool—Whole Loans“ below was (or was an affiliate of) the initial directing certificateholder for the indicated transaction as of the closing date thereof and will have certain consent and consultation rights with respect to the servicing of such non-serviced mortgage loan, which rights are substantially similar, but not identical, to those of the directing certificateholder under the pooling and servicing agreement for this securitization (subject to similar appraisal mechanics). In addition, each servicing shift mortgage loan will be serviced pursuant to the pooling and servicing agreement for this transaction until the securitization of the related lead servicing note (which is not included in this transaction); however, the holder of the related control note will have consent and consultation rights substantially similar, but not identical, to those of the directing certificateholder under the pooling and servicing agreement for this securitization. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loans”.

 

Subordinate Companion

 

 

Loan Holders

 

With respect to any mortgage loan with a serviced subordinate companion loan, the holder of such subordinate companion loan will have certain rights with respect to the related mortgage loan, including (i) the right to cure certain defaults with respect to such mortgage loan, (ii) the right to purchase (without payment of any yield maintenance charge or prepayment premium) such mortgage loan under certain limited default circumstances, (iii) prior to a control appraisal event under the related intercreditor agreement, the right to approve certain modifications and consent to certain material servicing decisions actions with respect to such mortgage loan, and (iv) prior to a control appraisal event under the related intercreditor agreement, the right to replace the special servicer with respect to the related whole loan. The only serviced subordinate companion loan with respect to the trust will be the B note related to the Sol y Luna mortgage loan (prior to the securitization of the related promissory note A-1). See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Pari Passu-A/B Whole Loan”.

 

Underwriters   

 

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. and Bancroft Capital, LLC are the underwriters. The underwriters are required to purchase the certificates offered in this prospectus from the depositor

 

19

 

 

(in the amounts to be set forth under the heading “Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)” in this prospectus, subject to certain conditions.

 

Risk Retention Consultation Party     

 

With respect to certain material servicing actions related to serviced mortgage loans that are not excluded RRCP loans, upon request of the risk retention consultation party, the party processing such servicing action will generally be required to consult on a non-binding basis with the risk retention consultation party, if any, that is selected by the retaining sponsor; provided, that prior to the occurrence and continuance of a consultation termination event, such mortgage loan must also be a specially serviced mortgage loan. As of the closing date, there will be no risk retention consultation party. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement-The Risk Retention Consultation Party”.

 

 

An “excluded RRCP loan” is a mortgage loan or whole loan with respect to which the risk retention consultation party, the retaining sponsor or the holder of the majority of the VRR Interest is a borrower party or a borrower party affiliate thereof.

 

Certain Affiliations

 

 

and Relationships

 

The originators, the sponsors, the underwriters, and parties to the pooling and servicing agreement have various roles in this transaction as well as certain relationships with parties to this transaction and certain of their affiliates. These roles and other potential relationships may give rise to conflicts of interest as further described in this prospectus under “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest” and “Certain Affiliations, Relationships and Related Transactions Involving Transaction Parties”.

 

Significant Obligors    

 

There are no significant obligors related to the issuing entity.

 

Relevant Dates and Periods

 

Cut-off Date  

 

 The mortgage loans will be considered part of the trust fund as of their respective cut-off dates. The cut-off date with respect to each mortgage loan is the respective due date for the monthly debt service payment that is due in February 2020 (or, in the case of any mortgage loan that has its first due date after February 2020, the date that would have been its due date in February 2020 under the terms of that mortgage loan if a monthly debt service payment were scheduled to be due in that month).

 

Closing Date   

 

On or about February 20, 2020.

 

Distribution Date   

 

The 4th business day following each determination date. The first distribution date will be in March 2020.

 

Determination Date

 

The 11th day of each month or, if the 11th day is not a business day, then the immediately succeeding business day. The first determination date will be in March 2020.

 

Record Date     

 

With respect to any distribution date, the last business day of the month preceding the month in which that distribution date occurs.

 

Business Day   

 

Under the pooling and servicing agreement, a business day will be any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in New York or any of the jurisdictions in which any of the respective primary servicing or corporate offices of either master servicer or special servicer, corporate trust offices of either the certificate administrator or the trustee or primary corporate office of any financial institution holding the collection account or other trust administration accounts are located, or the New York Stock Exchange

 

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or the Federal Reserve System of the United States of America, are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to remain closed.

 

Interest Accrual Period    

 

The interest accrual period for each class of offered certificates for each distribution date will be the calendar month immediately preceding the month in which that distribution date occurs.

 

Collection Period

 

For any mortgage loan and any distribution date, the collection period will be the period beginning with the day after the determination date in the month preceding the month in which such distribution date occurs (or, in the case of the first distribution date, commencing immediately following the cut-off date) and ending with the determination date occurring in the month in which such distribution date occurs.

 

Assumed Final Distribution Date;

 

 

Rated Final

 

 

Distribution Date

 

The assumed final distribution date set forth below for each class of certificates offered by this prospectus has been determined on the basis of the assumptions described in “Description of the Certificates—Assumed Final Distribution Date; Rated Final Distribution Date”:

 

 

Class

 

Assumed Final Distribution Date

 

Class A-1

 

February 2025

 

Class A-SB

 

November 2029

 

Class A-2

 

December 2029

 

Class A-3

 

February 2030

 

Class X-A

 

February 2030

 

Class X-B

 

February 2030

 

Class A-S

 

February 2030

 

Class B

 

February 2030

 

Class C

 

February 2030

 

 

The rated final distribution date will be the distribution date in February 2053.

 

Transaction Overview

 

On the closing date, each sponsor will sell its respective mortgage loans to the depositor, which will in turn deposit the mortgage loans into the issuing entity, a common law trust created on the closing date pursuant to the pooling and servicing agreement. The transfers of the mortgage loans from the sponsors to the depositor and from the depositor to the issuing entity in exchange for the offered certificates are illustrated below:

 

 

Offered Certificates

 

General   

 

We are offering the following classes of commercial mortgage pass-through certificates as part of Series 2020-L4: Class A-1,

 

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Class A-SB, Class A-2, Class A-3, Class X-A, Class X-B, Class A-S, Class B and Class C.

 

 

The certificates of this series will consist of the above classes and the following classes that are not being offered by this prospectus: Class X-D, Class X-F, Class D, Class E, Class F, Class G-RR, Class H-RR, Class V and Class R.

 

Certificate Balances and

 

Notional Amounts

Each class of offered certificates will have the approximate initial certificate balance or notional amount set forth below, subject to a variance of plus or minus 5%:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Class

 

Approximate Initial
Aggregate
Certificate Balance
or Notional Amount

 

Approximate %
of Initial Pool
Balance

 

Approximate
Initial Credit
Support(1)

 

Class A-1

 

$8,600,000

 

1.04%

 

30.000%

 

Class A-SB

 

$15,700,000

 

1.89%

 

30.000%

 

Class A-2

 

$210,330,000

 

25.33%

 

30.000%

 

Class A-3

 

$346,721,000

 

41.75%

 

30.000%

 

Class X-A

 

$581,351,000(2)

 

N/A

 

N/A

 

Class X-B

 

$146,376,000(2)

 

N/A

 

N/A

 

Class A-S

 

$61,249,000

 

7.37%

 

22.625%

 

Class B

 

$45,678,000

 

5.50%

 

17.125%

 

Class C

 

$39,449,000

 

4.75%

 

12.375%

 

 

 

 

 

(1)

The approximate initial credit support with respect to each class of the Class A-1, Class A-SB, Class A-2 and Class A-3 certificates represents the approximate credit enhancement for the Class A-1, Class A-SB, Class A-2 and Class A-3 certificates in the aggregate.

 

 

 

 

(2)

Notional amount.

 

Pass-Through Rates  
   

A. Offered Certificates 

Your certificates will accrue interest at an annual rate called a pass-through rate. The initial approximate pass-through rate is set forth below for each class of offered certificates:

 

 

 

 

 

Class

 

Approx. Initial
Pass-Through Rate

 

Class A-1

 

1.8310%(1)

 

Class A-SB

 

2.6240%(1)

 

Class A-2

 

2.4490%(1)

 

Class A-3

 

2.6980%(1)

 

Class X-A

 

1.0805%(2)

 

Class X-B

 

0.5538%(2)

 

Class A-S

 

2.8800%(1)

 

Class B

 

3.0820%(1)

 

Class C

 

3.5360%(1)

 

 

 

 

 

(1)

The pass-through rate for each class of the Class A-1, Class A-SB, Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-S and Class B certificates will at all times be a rate per annum that is fixed at the initial pass-through rate for such class set forth in the table above. The pass-through rate for the Class C certificates will be a variable rate per annum equal to the lesser of (a) the initial pass-through rate for such class set forth in the table above and (b) the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date. For purposes of the calculation of the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for each distribution date, the net mortgage interest rates will be adjusted as necessary to a 30/360 basis.

 

 

 

 

(2)

The pass-through rate for the Class X-A certificates for any distribution date will be a per annum rate equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date, over (b) the weighted average of the pass-through rates on the Class A-1, Class A-SB, Class A-2 and Class A-3 certificates for the related distribution date, weighted on the basis of their respective certificate balances outstanding immediately prior to that distribution date. The pass-through rate for the

 

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Class X-B certificates for any distribution date will be a per annum rate equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date, over (b) the weighted average of the pass-through rates on the Class A-S, Class B and Class C certificates for the related distribution date, weighted on the basis of their respective certificate balances outstanding immediately prior to that distribution date. For purposes of the calculation of the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for each distribution date, the net mortgage interest rates will be adjusted as necessary to a 30/360 basis.

 

 

See “—Interest Rate Calculation Convention” below.

 

B. Interest Rate

 

 

Calculation Convention

 

Interest on the offered certificates at their applicable pass-through rates will be calculated based on a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months, or a “30/360 basis”.

 

 

For purposes of calculating the pass-through rates on any class of certificates that has a pass-through rate limited by, equal to or based on the weighted average net mortgage interest rate, the mortgage loan interest rates will not reflect any default interest rate, excess interest accrued after any related anticipated repayment date, any loan term modifications agreed to by the applicable special servicer or any modifications resulting from a borrower’s bankruptcy or insolvency.

 

 

For purposes of calculating the pass-through rates on the offered certificates, the net interest rate for each mortgage loan that accrues interest based on the actual number of days in each month and assuming a 360-day year, or an “actual/360 basis”, will be recalculated, if necessary, so that the amount of interest that would accrue at that recalculated rate in the applicable month, calculated on a 30/360 basis, will equal the amount of interest that is required to be paid on that mortgage loan in that month, subject to certain adjustments as described in “Description of the Certificates—Distributions—Pass-Through Rates” and “—Interest Distribution Amount”.

 

C. Servicing and

 

 

Administration Fees

 

For each distribution date, the master servicer is entitled to a servicing fee with respect to each mortgage loan, serviced companion loan and any related REO loan, in each case payable from interest payments thereon. The servicing fee will include any primary servicing fee payable to a primary servicer or subservicer engaged by the master servicer and is calculated based on the related outstanding principal balance at a servicing fee rate equal to (1) with respect to each mortgage loan, the sum of 0.0025% per annum (or, with respect to the Alrig Portfolio mortgage loan, 0.00375% per annum) and the primary servicing fee rate set forth on Annex A-1, and (2) with respect to each serviced companion loan, the sum of 0.0025% per annum and the primary servicing fee rate set forth on Annex A-1 next to the related mortgage loan.

 

 

For each distribution date, the special servicer is entitled to a special servicing fee (calculated on a loan-by-loan basis at a rate equal to the greater of 0.25% per annum and the per annum rate that would result in a special servicing fee for the related month of (i) $3,500 or (ii) with respect to any mortgage loan with respect to which the risk retention consultation party is entitled to consult with the special servicer, $5,000) on each serviced mortgage loan as to which a special servicing transfer event has occurred and that has not become a corrected mortgage loan, as well as on any related serviced companion loan and any related REO loan, in each case payable from interest payments thereon. If the related interest payments (or other collections in respect of the related mortgage loan or mortgaged property) are insufficient, then the special

 

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servicer will be entitled to collect such fees from general collections on all mortgage loans.

 

 

The special servicer will also be entitled to (i) liquidation fees generally equal to 1.0% of liquidation proceeds in respect of a specially serviced loan (and any related serviced companion loan or related REO loan) and, in certain cases, mortgage loans repurchased by the related mortgage loan seller and (ii) workout fees generally equal to 1.0% of interest and principal payments made in respect of a rehabilitated mortgage loan (and any related serviced companion loan), subject in each case of clauses (i) and (ii) to a minimum fee of $25,000 and a maximum fee equal to $1,000,000 and subject to certain adjustments and exceptions as described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing and Other Compensation and Payment of Expenses—Special Servicer Compensation”.

 

 

The master servicer and special servicer are also entitled to additional fees and amounts, including income on the amounts held in certain accounts and certain permitted investments. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing and Other Compensation and Payment of Expenses”.

 

 

The certificate administrator fee for each distribution date is calculated on the outstanding principal amount of each mortgage loan and any successor REO loan at a per annum rate equal to 0.00897%. The trustee fee for each distribution date is payable by the certificate administrator from the certificate administrator fee.

 

 

The operating advisor will be entitled to a fee on each distribution date calculated on the outstanding principal amount of each mortgage loan (including each non-serviced mortgage loan, but not any companion loan) and any successor REO loan, at a rate equal to 0.00162% per annum. The operating advisor will also be entitled under certain circumstances to a consulting fee.

 

 

The asset representations reviewer will be entitled to an upfront fee of $5,000 on the closing date. As compensation for the performance of its routine duties, the asset representations reviewer will be entitled to a fee on each distribution date calculated on the outstanding principal amount of each mortgage loan and successor REO loan at a per annum rate equal to 0.00031%. Upon the completion of any asset review with respect to each delinquent loan, the asset representations reviewer will be entitled to a per loan fee in an amount described in “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing and Other Compensation and Payment of Expenses—Asset Representations Reviewer Compensation”.

 

 

Additionally, with respect to each distribution date, an amount equal to the product of 0.00050% per annum multiplied by the outstanding principal amount of each mortgage loan and any successor REO loan will be payable to CRE Finance Council© as a license fee for use of its names and trademarks, including its investor reporting package.

 

 

Each party to the pooling and servicing agreement will also be entitled to be reimbursed by the issuing entity for costs, expenses and liabilities borne by them in certain circumstances related to the performance of their duties under the pooling and servicing agreement.

 

 

With respect to each non-serviced mortgage loan, the master servicer under the related pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of that loan will be entitled to a primary servicing fee at a rate equal to a per annum rate set forth in the table below, and the special

 

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servicer under the related pooling and servicing agreement will be entitled to a special servicing fee at a rate equal to the per annum rate set forth below. In addition, each party to such other pooling and servicing agreement will be entitled to receive other fees and reimbursements with respect to the related non-serviced mortgage loan in amounts, from sources, and at frequencies, that are similar, but not necessarily identical, to those described above, including with respect to such outside special servicer, a liquidation fee or workout fee, as applicable, under certain circumstances when such non-serviced mortgage loan becomes a specially serviced loan. In certain cases (for example, with respect to unreimbursed special servicing fees and servicing advances with respect to the related non-serviced whole loan), such amounts will be reimbursable from general collections on the mortgage loans in this transaction to the extent not recoverable from the related non-serviced whole loan and to the extent allocable to the related non-serviced mortgage loan pursuant to the related intercreditor agreement. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loans”.

 

 

Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan(1)

 

Primary Servicing
Fee Rate

 

Special
Servicing
Fee Rate

 

Bellagio Hotel and Casino

 

0.00125%

 

0.25%(2)

 

545 Washington Boulevard

 

0.00250%

 

0.25%

 

1412 Broadway

 

0.00250%

 

0.25%(3)

 

55 Hudson Yards

 

0.00125%

 

0.15%

 

Alrig Portfolio

 

0.05000%

 

0.25%(4)

 

 

 

 

 

(1)

Does not reflect the Sol y Luna mortgage loan, which will be a non-serviced mortgage loan after the securitization of the related promissory note A-1. The master servicer and special servicer with respect to any such future securitization will be entitled to a primary servicing fee and a special servicing fee, respectively, in respect of such mortgage loan in the amounts set forth under the pooling and servicing agreement for such securitization.

 

 

 

 

(2)

Subject to a maximum amount of $250,000 payable in respect of the whole loan.

 

 

 

 

(3)

Subject to a monthly minimum amount of $3,500 (or $5,000 if the risk retention consultation party under the related pooling and servicing agreement is entitled to consult the special servicer under the related pooling and servicing agreement with respect to such mortgage loan, for so long as such mortgage loan is a specially serviced loan during the occurrence and continuance of a consultation termination event thereunder).

 

 

 

 

(4)

Subject to a monthly minimum amount of $3,500 (or $5,000 if the risk retention consultation party under the related pooling and servicing agreement has consulted the special servicer under the related pooling and servicing agreement with respect to such mortgage loan (and such mortgage loan is a specially serviced loan) or related REO property, in each case during the occurrence and continuance of a consultation termination event thereunder).

 

 

Payment of the fees and reimbursement of the costs and expenses described above will generally have priority over the distribution of amounts payable to the certificateholders. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing and Other Compensation and Payment of Expenses” and “—Limitation on Liability; Indemnification”.

 

Distributions  
   

A. Amount and Order

 

   of Distributions

 

   on Certificates

On each distribution date, funds available for distribution from the mortgage loans (which are net of specified expenses of the issuing entity, including fees payable to, and costs and expenses reimbursable to, the master servicer, any primary servicer, the special servicer, the certificate administrator, the trustee, the operating advisor, the asset

 

25

 

 

representations reviewer and CREFC®) other than (i) any yield maintenance charges and prepayment premiums and (ii) any excess interest distributed to the Class V certificates, will be distributed in the following amounts and order of priority:

 

 

First, to the Class A-1, Class A-SB, Class A-2, Class A-3, Class X-A, Class X-B, Class X-D and Class X-F certificates, in respect of interest, up to an amount equal to, and pro rata in accordance with, the interest entitlements for those classes;

 

 

Second, to the Class A-1, Class A-SB, Class A-2 and Class A-3 certificates as follows, to the extent of funds allocated to principal and available for distribution: either (i)(a) first, to principal on the Class A-SB certificates, until the certificate balance of the Class A-SB certificates is reduced to the planned principal balance for the related distribution date set forth in Annex E to this prospectus, and (b) second, to principal on each class of the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates, in that order, in each case until the certificate balance of such class of certificates has been reduced to zero, or (ii) if the certificate balance of each class of the Class A-S, Class B, Class C, Class D, Class E, Class F, Class G-RR and Class H-RR certificates has been reduced to zero as a result of the allocation of losses on the mortgage loans to those certificates, to principal on the Class A-1, Class A-SB, Class A-2 and Class A-3 certificates, pro rata, without regard to the distribution priorities described above or the planned principal balance of the Class A-SB certificates;

 

 

Third, to the Class A-1, Class A-SB, Class A-2 and Class A-3 certificates: first, up to an amount equal to, and pro rata based on, any previously unreimbursed losses on the mortgage loans allocable to principal that were previously borne by each such class, and second, up to an amount equal to, and pro rata based on, interest on such unreimbursed losses previously allocated to each such class at the pass-through rate for such class from the date the related loss was allocated to such class;

 

 

Fourth, to each class of the Class A-S, Class B and Class C certificates, in that order, as follows: (a) to interest on such class of certificates in the amount of its interest entitlement; (b) to the extent of funds allocable to principal and available for distribution that remain after distributions in respect of principal to each class with a higher priority (as set forth in this clause or prior enumerated clauses set forth above), to principal on such class of certificates until its certificate balance has been reduced to zero; and (c) to reimburse such class of certificates, first, for any previously unreimbursed losses on the mortgage loans that were previously allocated to those certificates, and second, for interest on such unreimbursed losses at the pass-through rate for such class from the date the related loss was allocated to such class;

 

 

Fifth, to the Class D, Class E, Class F, Class G-RR and Class H-RR certificates in the amounts and order of priority described in “Description of the Certificates—Distributions”; and

 

 

Sixth, to the Class R certificates, any remaining amounts.

 

 

For more detailed information regarding distributions on the certificates, see “Description of the Certificates—Distributions—Priority of Distributions”.

 

B. Interest and Principal

 

   Entitlements

A description of the interest entitlement of each class of certificates (other than the Class V and Class R certificates) can be found in

 

26

 

 

Description of the Certificates—Distributions—Interest Distribution Amount”. As described in that section, there are circumstances in which your interest entitlement for a distribution date could be less than one full month’s interest at the pass-through rate on your certificate’s balance or notional amount.

   

 

A description of the amount of principal required to be distributed to each class of certificates entitled to principal on a particular distribution date can be found in “Description of the Certificates—Distributions—Principal Distribution Amount”.

C. Yield Maintenance Charges,

 

   Prepayment

 

   Premiums

Yield maintenance charges and prepayment premiums with respect to the mortgage loans will be allocated to the offered certificates as and to the extent described in “Description of the Certificates—Allocation of Yield Maintenance Charges and Prepayment Premiums”. For an explanation of the calculation of yield maintenance charges, see “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans”.

D. Subordination, Allocation of

 

   Losses and Certain Expenses

The chart below describes the manner in which the payment rights of certain classes of certificates will be senior or subordinate, as the case may be, to the payment rights of other classes of certificates. The chart also shows the entitlement to receive principal and/or interest on certain classes of certificates (other than excess interest collected on each mortgage loan that has an anticipated repayment date to the extent received from the related borrower) on any distribution date in descending order. It also shows the manner in which losses on the mortgage loans are allocated to certain classes of the certificates in ascending order (beginning with the non-offered certificates, other than the Class V and Class R certificates) to reduce the balance of each such class to zero; provided that no principal payments or losses on the mortgage loans will be allocated to the Class X certificates or the Class V or Class R certificates, although principal payments and losses on the mortgage loans may reduce the notional amounts of the Class X certificates and, therefore, the amount of interest they accrue.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1)

The Class X-A, Class X-B, Class X-D and Class X-F certificates are interest-only certificates.

 

 

 

 

(2)

The Class X-D and Class X-F certificates are non-offered certificates.

 

 

 

 

(3)

Other than the Class X-D, Class X-F, Class V and Class R certificates.

 

 

With respect to each whole loan, subject to the terms of the related intercreditor agreement, losses thereon will first be allocated to any related subordinate companion loan, and remaining losses will be allocable pro rata to the related mortgage loan and any related pari passu companion loans.

 

27

 

 

Other than the subordination of certain classes of certificates, as described above, no other form of credit enhancement will be available for the benefit of the holders of the offered certificates.

 

 

Principal losses and principal payments, if any, on mortgage loans that are allocated to a class of certificates (other than the Class X-A, Class X-B, Class X-D or Class X-F certificates) will reduce the certificate balance of that class of certificates.

 

 

The notional amount of the Class X-A certificates will be reduced by the aggregate amount of principal losses or principal payments, if any, allocated to the Class A-1, Class A-SB, Class A-2 and Class A-3 certificates. The notional amount of the Class X-B certificates will be reduced by the aggregate amount of principal losses or principal payments, if any, allocated to the Class A-S, Class B and Class C certificates. The notional amount of the Class X-D certificates will be reduced by the aggregate amount of principal losses or principal payments, if any, allocated to the Class D and Class E certificates. The notional amount of the Class X-F certificates will be reduced by the aggregate amount of principal losses or principal payments, if any, allocated to the Class F certificates.

 

 

To the extent funds are available on a subsequent distribution date for distribution on your offered certificates, you will be reimbursed for any losses allocated to your offered certificates with interest at the pass-through rate on those offered certificates in accordance with the distribution priorities.

 

 

See “Description of the Certificates—Subordination; Allocation of Realized Losses” for more detailed information regarding the subordination provisions applicable to the certificates and the allocation of losses to the certificates.

 

E. Shortfalls in Available

 

 

   Funds

 

The following types of shortfalls in available funds will reduce the available funds and will reduce distributions to the classes of certificates with the lowest payment priorities:

 

shortfalls resulting from the payment of special servicing fees and other additional compensation that the special servicer is entitled to receive;

 

shortfalls resulting from interest on advances made by the master servicer, the special servicer or the trustee (to the extent not covered by late payment charges or default interest paid by the related borrower);

 

shortfalls resulting from the application of appraisal reductions to reduce interest advances;

 

shortfalls resulting from extraordinary expenses of the issuing entity including indemnification payments payable to the parties to the pooling and servicing agreement;

 

shortfalls resulting from a modification of a mortgage loan’s interest rate or principal balance; and

 

 

● 

shortfalls resulting from other unanticipated or default-related expenses of the issuing entity.

 

 

In addition, prepayment interest shortfalls on the mortgage loans that are not covered by certain compensating interest payments made by

 

28

 

 

the master servicer are required to be allocated among all of the classes of certificates (other than the Class V and Class R certificates) to reduce the interest entitlement on each such class of certificates, on a pro rata basis, based on their respective amounts of accrued interest for the related distribution date. See “Description of the Certificates—Prepayment Interest Shortfalls”.

 

F. Excess Interest

On each distribution date, any excess interest resulting from an increase in the interest rate on any mortgage loan with an anticipated repayment date after the related anticipated repayment date to the extent actually collected from the related borrower and applied as interest during the related collection period will be distributed to the holders of the Class V certificates on such distribution date as set forth in “Description of the Certificates—Distributions—Excess Interest”. This excess interest will not be available to make distributions to any other class of certificates or to provide credit support for other classes of certificates or offset any interest shortfalls or to pay any other amounts to any other party under the pooling and servicing agreement. Because there are no mortgage loans with anticipated repayment dates in the mortgage pool, there will be no excess interest distributable to the Class V certificates.

 

Advances

 

A. P&I Advances 

The master servicer is required to advance a delinquent periodic payment on each mortgage loan and any successor REO loan unless, in each case, the master servicer or the special servicer determines that the advance would be non-recoverable. Neither the master servicer nor the trustee will be required to advance balloon payments due at maturity or, with respect to mortgage loans with an anticipated repayment date, interest in excess of the regular periodic payment, interest in excess of a mortgage loan’s regular interest rate, default interest, late payment charges, prepayment premiums or yield maintenance charges.

 

 

The amount of the interest portion of any advance will be subject to reduction to the extent that an appraisal reduction of the related mortgage loan has occurred (and with respect to any mortgage loan that is part of a whole loan, to the extent such appraisal reduction amount is allocated to the related mortgage loan). There may be other circumstances in which the master servicer will not be required to advance a full month of principal and/or interest. If the master servicer fails to make a required advance, the trustee will be required to make the advance, unless the trustee determines that the advance would be non-recoverable. If an interest advance is made by the master servicer, the master servicer will not advance the portion of interest that constitutes its servicing fee, but will be required to advance the portion of interest that constitutes the monthly fees payable to the certificate administrator, the trustee, the operating advisor and the asset representations reviewer and the CREFC® license fee.

 

 

See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Advances”.

 

B. Property Protection

 

 

   Advances

 

The master servicer will be required to make advances with respect to mortgage loans and related companion loans that it is required to service to pay delinquent real estate taxes, assessments and hazard insurance premiums and similar expenses necessary to:

 

protect and maintain (and in the case of REO properties, lease and manage) the related mortgaged property;

 

29

 

● 

maintain the lien on the related mortgaged property; and/or

 

enforce the related mortgage loan documents.

 

 

The special servicer will have no obligation to make any property protection advances (although it may elect to make them in an emergency circumstance in its sole discretion). If the special servicer makes a property protection advance, the master servicer will be required to reimburse the special servicer for that advance within 5 business days of its receipt of such request and any information it reasonably requests in order to make a recoverability determination (unless the master servicer determines that the advance would be nonrecoverable, in which case the advance will be reimbursed out of the collection account) and the master servicer will be deemed to have made any such advance reimbursed by it as of the date made by the special servicer.

 

 

If the master servicer fails to make a required advance of this type, the trustee will be required to make such advance. None of the master servicer, the special servicer or the trustee is required to advance amounts determined by such party to be non-recoverable. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Advances”.

 

 

With respect to a non-serviced mortgage loan, the master servicer (and the trustee, as applicable) under the pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the related non-serviced whole loan will be required to make similar property protection advances as those described above.

 

C. Interest on Advances

The master servicer, the special servicer and the trustee, as applicable, will be entitled to interest on the above-described advances at the “Prime Rate” as published in The Wall Street Journal, as described in this prospectus, compounded annually. Interest accrued on outstanding advances may result in reductions in amounts otherwise payable on the certificates. Neither the master servicer nor the trustee will be entitled to interest on advances made with respect to principal and interest due on a mortgage loan until the related due date has passed and any grace period for late payments applicable to the mortgage loan has expired. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Advances”.

 

 

With respect to a non-serviced mortgage loan, the applicable makers of advances under the related pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the related non-serviced whole loan will similarly be entitled to interest on advances, and any accrued and unpaid interest on property protection advances made in respect of such non-serviced mortgage loan may be reimbursed from general collections on the other mortgage loans included in the issuing entity to the extent not recoverable from such non-serviced mortgage loan and to the extent allocable to such non-serviced mortgage loan in accordance with the related intercreditor agreement.

 

The Mortgage Pool

 

The Mortgage Pool   

 

The issuing entity’s primary assets will be 40 fixed rate commercial mortgage loans, each evidenced by one or more promissory notes secured by, generally, first mortgages, deeds of trust, deeds to secure debt or similar security instruments on the fee and/or leasehold estate of the related borrower in 65 commercial and/or multifamily properties. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—General”.

 

 

The aggregate principal balance of the mortgage loans as of the cut-off date will be approximately $830,501,755.

 

30

 

Whole Loans     

 

Unless otherwise expressly stated in this prospectus, the term “mortgage loan” refers to each of the 40 commercial mortgage loans to be held by the issuing entity. Of the mortgage loans, each of the loans in the table below is part of a larger “whole loan”, each of which is comprised of the related mortgage loan and one or more loans that are pari passu in right of payment to the related mortgage loan (each referred to in this prospectus as a “pari passu companion loan”), and, in certain cases, one or more loans that are subordinate in right of payment to the related mortgage loan (each referred to in this prospectus as a “subordinate companion loan”, and any pari passu companion loan or subordinate companion loan may also be referred to herein as a “companion loan”).

 

Whole Loan Summary

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mortgage Loan Name

 

Mortgage
Loan Cut-off
Date Balance

 

% of
Initial
Pool
Balance

 

Pari Passu
Companion
Loan(s)
Cut-off Date
Balance

 

Subordinate
Companion
Loan(s)
Cut-off Date
Balance

 

Mortgage
Loan Cut-
off Date
LTV
Ratio(1)(2)

 

Whole
Loan Cut-
off Date
LTV
Ratio(2)(3)

 

Mortgage
Loan
Underwritten
NCF DSCR(1)

 

Whole Loan
Underwritten
NCF DSCR(3)

Bellagio Hotel and Casino

 

$65,000,000

 

7.8%

 

$1,611,200,000

 

$1,333,800,000

 

39.3%

 

70.7%

 

8.42x

 

4.06x

545 Washington Boulevard

 

$60,000,000

 

7.2%

 

$191,606,250

 

N/A

 

61.4%

 

61.4%

 

2.50x

 

2.50x

Royal Palm Place

 

$60,000,000

 

7.2%

 

$50,000,000

 

N/A

 

62.9%

 

62.9%

 

2.16x

 

2.16x

AVR Atlanta Airport Marriott Gateway

 

$56,000,000

 

6.7%

 

$50,000,000

 

N/A

 

63.3%

 

63.3%

 

2.80x

 

2.80x

1412 Broadway

 

$40,000,000

 

4.8%

 

$170,000,000

 

N/A

 

58.3%

 

58.3%

 

1.92x

 

1.92x

55 Hudson Yards

 

$36,900,000

 

4.4%

 

$908,100,000

 

$300,000,000

 

39.4%

 

51.9%

 

3.54x

 

2.69x

Sol y Luna

 

$25,000,000

 

3.0%

 

$65,000,000

 

$53,000,000

 

47.0%

 

74.7%

 

2.51x

 

1.12x

McCarthy Ranch

 

$25,000,000

 

3.0%

 

$20,000,000

 

N/A

 

60.5%

 

60.5%

 

2.40x

 

2.40x

Alrig Portfolio

 

$14,500,000

 

1.7%

 

$35,000,000

 

N/A

 

67.7%

 

67.7%

 

1.72x

 

1.72x

Jewelry Building

 

$12,000,000

 

1.4%

 

$5,000,000

 

N/A

 

72.3%

 

72.3%

 

1.58x

 

1.58x

 

 

 

(1)

Calculated including the related pari passu companion loans but excluding any related subordinate companion loan.

(2)

With respect to certain of the whole loans above, the mortgage loan and whole loan cut-off date loan-to-value ratios may have been calculated using “as-complete,” “as-stabilized” or similar hypothetical values or calculated inclusive of an “as-portfolio” appraised value premium. Such whole loans are identified under the definition of “Appraised Value” set forth under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Calculations and Definitions—Definitions.”

(3)

Calculated including the related pari passu companion loans and any related subordinate companion loan but excluding any mezzanine debt.

 

 

Each of the Royal Palm Place, AVR Atlanta Airport Marriott Gateway, McCarthy Ranch and Jewelry Building whole loans will be serviced by the master servicer and the special servicer pursuant to the pooling and servicing agreement for this transaction and will constitute a “serviced whole loan” (and each related companion loan will constitute a “serviced companion loan”).

 

 

The Sol y Luna whole loan (also referred to herein as a “servicing shift whole loan,” with the mortgage loan related to such whole loan being referred to herein as a “servicing shift mortgage loan”) will initially be serviced by the master servicer and the special servicer pursuant to the pooling and servicing agreement for this transaction and, for so long as it is so serviced, will constitute a “serviced whole loan” (and each related companion loan will constitute a “serviced companion loan”). However, with respect to such whole loan, after the securitization of the related promissory note A-1, such whole loan will be serviced under the pooling and servicing agreement entered into in connection with such securitization and will thereafter constitute a “non-serviced whole loan” (and each related companion loan will constitute a “non-serviced companion loan”).

 

 

The whole loans identified in the table below (each, a “non-serviced whole loan”) will not be serviced under the pooling and servicing agreement and instead will be serviced under a separate pooling and servicing agreement. The related mortgage loans are each referred to as a “non-serviced mortgage loan,” and the related companion loans

 

31

 

 

are each referred to as a “non-serviced companion loan.” See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loans”.

 

Non-Serviced Whole Loans(1)

 

Loan Name
(Mortgage Loan Seller)
  Lead Servicing Agreement as of the Closing Date(2)   % of
Initial
Pool
Balance
  Master Servicer   Special Servicer   Custodian   Controlling Noteholder   Directing
Certificateholder(3)
Bellagio Hotel and Casino   BX 2019-OC11   7.8%   KeyBank National Association   Situs Holdings, LLC   Wells Fargo Bank, National Association   BX 2019-OC11   CPPIB Credit Structured North America III, Inc.
545 Washington Boulevard   BANK 2020-BNK25   7.2%   Wells Fargo Bank, National Association   KeyBank National Association   Wells Fargo Bank, National Association   BANK 2020-BNK25   Ellington Management Group, LLC or an affiliate
1412 Broadway   BANK 2019-BNK24   4.8%   Wells Fargo Bank, National Association   Midland Loan Services, a Division of PNC Bank, National Association   Wells Fargo Bank, National Association   BANK 2019-BNK24   Eightfold Real Estate Capital Fund V, L.P.
55 Hudson Yards   Hudson Yards 2019-55HY   4.4%   Wells Fargo Bank, National Association   CWCapital Asset Management LLC   Wells Fargo Bank, National Association   Hudson Yards 2019-55HY   BREIT Debt Investments LLC
Alrig Portfolio   CGCMT 2019-C7   1.7%   Wells Fargo Bank, National Association   LNR Partners, LLC   Citibank, N.A.   CGCMT 2019-C7   LNR Securities Holdings, LLC (or an affiliate)

 

 

 

(1)

Does not reflect the Sol y Luna mortgage loan (3.0%), which will be a non-serviced mortgage loan after the securitization of the related promissory note A-1 and thereafter will be serviced under the pooling and servicing agreement for such securitization by the master servicer and special servicer designated therein, subject to the rights of any directing certificateholder appointed thereunder and the holder of the related controlling companion loan (which is currently Nuveen).

 

 

(2)

Servicing agreement expected to be the lead servicing agreement on the closing date of this securitization.

 

 

(3)

Information presented in this table relating to the lead securitization directing certificateholder is current as of the closing date of such lead securitization.

 

 

For further information regarding the whole loans, see “Description of the Mortgage PoolThe Whole Loans”, and for information regarding the servicing of the non-serviced whole loans, see “Pooling and Servicing AgreementServicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loans”.

 

Mortgage Loan Characteristics     

 

The following tables set forth certain anticipated characteristics of the mortgage loans as of the cut-off date (unless otherwise indicated). Except as specifically provided in this prospectus, various information presented in this prospectus (including loan-to-value ratios, debt service coverage ratios, debt yields and cut-off date balances per net rentable square foot, pad, room or unit, as applicable) is calculated including the principal balance and debt service payment of any related pari passu companion loan, but excluding the principal balance and debt service payment of any related subordinate companion loan (or any other subordinate debt encumbering the related mortgaged property or any related mezzanine debt or preferred equity).

 

 

In the case of cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted mortgage loans, the debt service coverage ratios, loan-to-value ratios and debt yields have been calculated on an aggregate basis, as described in this prospectus. On an individual basis, without regard to cross-collateralization, any mortgage loan that is part of a cross-collateralized group of mortgage loans may have a higher loan-to-value ratio, lower debt service coverage ratio and/or lower debt yield than is presented in this prospectus.

 

 

The sum of the numerical data in any column may not equal the indicated total due to rounding. Unless otherwise indicated, all figures and percentages presented in this “Summary of Terms” are calculated

 

32

 

 

as described under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Additional Information” and, unless otherwise indicated, such figures and percentages are approximate and in each case, represent the indicated figure or percentage of the aggregate principal balance of the pool of mortgage loans as of the cut-off date. The principal balance of each mortgage loan as of the cut-off date assumes the timely receipt of principal scheduled to be paid on or before the cut-off date and no defaults, delinquencies or prepayments on, or modifications of, any mortgage loan on or prior to the cut-off date. Whenever percentages and other information in this prospectus are presented on the mortgaged property level rather than the mortgage loan level, the information for mortgage loans secured by more than one mortgaged property (other than by reason of cross-collateralization with another mortgage loan) is based on allocated loan amounts as stated in Annex A-1.

 

 

With respect to any mortgage loan with an anticipated repayment date, unless otherwise indicated, references in the following tables to the related maturity date refer to the applicable anticipated repayment date with respect to such mortgage loan.

 

 

The mortgage loans will have the following approximate characteristics as of the cut-off date:

 

 

Initial Pool Balance(1)

 

$830,501,755

 

Number of mortgage loans

 

40

 

Number of mortgaged properties

 

65

 

Number of crossed loans

 

0

 

Crossed loans as a percentage

 

0.0%

 

Range of Cut-off Date Balances

 

$3,960,000 to $65,000,000

 

Average Cut-off Date Balance

 

$20,762,544

 

Range of Mortgage Rates

 

2.9200% to 4.6020%

 

Weighted average Mortgage Rate

 

3.6951%

 

Range of original terms to maturity or ARD(2)

 

120 months to 120 months

 

Weighted average original term to maturity or ARD(2)

 

120 months

 

Range of remaining terms to maturity or ARD(2)

 

117 months to 120 months

 

Weighted average remaining term to maturity or ARD(2)

 

119 months

 

Range of original amortization terms(3)

 

300 months to 360 months

 

Weighted average original amortization term(3)

 

355 months

 

Range of remaining amortization terms(3)

 

300 months to 360 months

 

Weighted average remaining amortization term(3)

 

355 months

 

Range of Cut-off Date LTV Ratios(4)(5)

 

14.8% to 72.3%

 

Weighted average Cut-off Date LTV Ratio(4)(5)

 

58.0%

 

Range of LTV Ratios at Maturity or ARD(2)(4)(5)

 

14.8% to 67.1%

 

Weighted average LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD(2)(4)(5)

 

56.0%

 

Range of UW NCF DSCRs(5)(6)(7)

 

1.37x to 11.28x

 

Weighted average UW NCF DSCR(5)(6)(7)

 

2.94x

 

Range of UW NOI Debt Yields(5)(7)(8)

 

7.3% to 33.9%

 

Weighted average UW NOI Debt Yield(5)(7)(8)

 

11.7%

 

Percentage of Initial Pool Balance consisting of:

 

 

 

Interest-Only

 

81.5%

 

Amortizing

 

5.1%

 

Partial Interest-Only

 

13.4%

 

 

 

 

 

(1)

Subject to a permitted variance of plus or minus 5%.

33

 

 

(2)

In the case of any ARD loan, calculated to or as of the related anticipated repayment date.

 

 

 

 

(3)

Excludes 29 mortgage loans (81.5%) that are interest-only for the entire term or until the anticipated repayment date, as applicable.

 

 

 

 

(4)

Loan-to-value ratios (such as cut-off date loan-to-value ratios and loan-to-value ratios at maturity or anticipated repayment date) with respect to the mortgage loans were generally calculated using “as-is” values (or any equivalent term) as described under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Calculations and Definitions”; provided, that with respect to certain mortgage loans, the related loan-to-value ratios have been calculated based on principal balance net of an earnout, or using “as-complete,” “as-stabilized” or similar hypothetical values, or with respect to certain mortgage loans secured by multiple mortgaged properties, the related loan-to-value ratios have been calculated based on an “as-portfolio” appraised value that assigns a premium to the value of the mortgaged properties as a whole, which value exceeds the sum of their individual appraised values. Such mortgage loans are identified under the definition of “Appraised Value” set forth under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Calculations and Definitions—Definitions.” See the definitions of “Cut-off Date LTV Ratio” and “LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD” set forth under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Calculations and Definitions—Definitions” and “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Appraisals May Not Reflect Current or Future Market Value of Each Property.

 

 

 

 

(5)

In the case of each mortgage loan that is part of a whole loan, loan-to-value ratios, debt service coverage ratios and debt yields have been calculated including the related pari passu companion loan(s), but, unless otherwise expressly stated, excluding any related subordinate companion loan(s). With respect to the Bellagio Hotel and Casino mortgage loan (7.8%), the related cut-off date loan-to-value ratio, loan-to-value ratio at maturity or anticipated repayment date, underwritten net cash flow debt service coverage ratio and underwritten net operating income debt yield calculated including the related subordinate companion loans are 70.7%, 70.7%, 4.06x and 15.7%, respectively. See footnote (7) below for more information regarding the Bellagio Hotel and Casino mortgage loan. With respect to the 55 Hudson Yards mortgage loan (4.4%), the related cut-off date loan-to-value ratio, loan-to-value ratio at maturity or anticipated repayment date, underwritten net cash flow debt service coverage ratio and underwritten net operating income debt yield calculated including the related subordinate companion loans are 51.9%, 51.9%, 2.69x and 8.3%, respectively. With respect to the Sol y Luna mortgage loan (3.0%), the related cut-off date loan-to-value ratio, loan-to-value ratio at maturity or anticipated repayment date, underwritten net cash flow debt service coverage ratio and underwritten net operating income debt yield calculated including the related subordinate companion loan are 74.7%, 69.9%, 1.12x and 6.3%, respectively.

 

 

 

 

(6)

Debt service coverage ratios are calculated based on Annual Debt Service, as defined under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Calculations and Definitions—Definitions.

 

 

 

 

(7)

With respect to the Bellagio Hotel and Casino mortgage loan (7.8%), the related mortgaged property is master leased and for so long as the master lease is in effect, the borrower is entitled to receive only rents from the master lease, and not the underlying rents and other receipts from the mortgaged property. Debt service coverage ratios and debt yields for such mortgage loan set forth in this prospectus are calculated on a “look through” basis, based on the underlying rents and receipts of the mortgaged property before payment of the master lease rent. The debt service coverage ratio and debt yield of the related whole loan, based only on the master lease rent, are 2.19x and 8.1%, respectively.

 

 

 

 

(8)

For certain mortgage loans, debt yields have been calculated based on a cut-off date balance net of an earnout reserve. See the definitions of “Underwritten NCF Debt Yield” and “Underwritten NOI Debt Yield” set forth under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Calculations and Definitions—Definitions.”

 

 

All of the mortgage loans accrue interest on an actual/360 basis. For further information regarding the mortgage loans, see “Description of the Mortgage Pool”.

 

Modified and Refinanced

 

 

Loans

 

As of the cut-off date, except as set forth below, none of the mortgage loans were modified due to a delinquency or were refinancings of loans in default at the time of refinancing and/or otherwise involved discounted pay-offs in connection with the origination of the mortgage loan. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Loan Purpose; Default History, Bankruptcy Issues and Other Proceedings”.

 

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With respect to the Royal Palm Place mortgage loan (7.2%), the related mortgaged property previously secured a loan that went into maturity default in September 2019 and was subject to a forbearance agreement, pursuant to which the prior lender extended the maturity date of the prior loan until November 2019. At origination, the mortgage loan refinanced the prior loan in full.

 

Loans Underwritten Based on

 

Projections of Future Income

6 mortgage loans (10%) (i) are secured by mortgaged properties that were constructed or the subject of a major renovation that was completed within 12 months prior to the cut-off date and, therefore, the related mortgaged property has less than 12 months or no prior operating history, (ii) have a borrower or an affiliate under the related mortgage loan that acquired the related mortgaged property within 12 months prior to the cut-off date and such borrower or affiliate was unable to provide the related mortgage loan seller with historical financial information for such acquired mortgaged property, (iii) are secured by mortgaged properties that are single tenant properties subject to triple-net leases with the related tenant where the related borrower did not provide the related mortgage loan seller with historical financial information for the related mortgaged property or (iv) are single tenant properties that were vacant in the past but now are 100% leased to a single tenant.

 

 

 

See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Calculations and Definitions” and “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Mortgaged Properties With Limited Prior Operating History”.

 

 

Certain Variances from

 

Underwriting Standards

Each sponsor maintains its own set of underwriting guidelines, which typically relate to credit and collateral analysis, loan approval, debt service coverage ratio and loan-to-value ratio analysis, assessment of property condition, escrow requirements and requirements regarding title insurance policy and property insurance. Certain of the mortgage loans may vary from the related mortgage loan seller’s underwriting guidelines described under “Transaction Parties—The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers”. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Exceptions to Underwriting Guidelines”.

 

Additional Aspects of Certificates

 

Denominations    

 

The offered certificates with certificate balances that are initially offered and sold to purchasers will be issued in minimum denominations of $10,000 and integral multiples of $1 in excess of $10,000. The certificates with notional amounts will be issued, maintained and transferred only in minimum denominations of authorized initial notional amounts of not less than $1,000,000 and in integral multiples of $1 in excess of $1,000,000.

 

Registration, Clearance

 

 

and Settlement

 

Each class of offered certificates will initially be registered in the name of Cede & Co., as nominee of The Depository Trust Company, or DTC.

 

 

You may hold offered certificates through: (1) DTC in the United States; or (2) Clearstream Banking, S.A. or Euroclear Bank, as operator of the Euroclear System. Transfers within DTC, Clearstream Banking, S.A. or Euroclear Bank, as operator of the Euroclear System, will be made in accordance with the usual rules and operating procedures of those systems.

 

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We may elect to terminate the book-entry system through DTC (with the consent of the DTC participants), Clearstream Banking, S.A. or Euroclear Bank, as operator of the Euroclear System, with respect to all or any portion of any class of the offered certificates.

 

 

See “Description of the Certificates—Delivery, Form, Transfer and Denomination—Book-Entry Registration”.

 

Credit Risk Retention    

 

Regulation RR implementing the risk retention requirements of Section 15G of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, will apply to this securitization. An economic interest in the credit risk of the mortgage loans in this securitization is expected to be retained by Argentic Securities Holdings Cayman Limited, a “majority-owned affiliate” (as defined under Regulation RR) of Argentic Real Estate Finance LLC, as “retaining sponsor” (as defined under Regulation RR), in the form of a combination of (i) an “eligible vertical interest” comprised of the percentage of each class of certificates (other than the Class R certificates) retained as described under “Credit Risk Retention” (collectively, the “VRR Interest”) and (ii) an “eligible horizontal residual interest” in the form of the Class G-RR and Class H-RR certificates (in each case, excluding the portion thereof that comprises a part of the VRR Interest) (collectively referred to herein as the “HRR Interest”).

 

 

For a further discussion of the manner in which the credit risk retention requirements are expected to be satisfied, see “Credit Risk Retention“ and “Risk Factors—Other Risks Relating to the Certificates—A Repurchase Finance Facility Could Cause the Retaining Sponsor to Fail to Satisfy the Credit Risk Retention Rules” in this prospectus.

 

 

None of the sponsors or any other party to the transaction intends to retain a material net economic interest in the securitization constituted by the issue of the certificates in a manner prescribed by Article 6 of European Union Regulation (EU) 2017/2402. In addition, no such person undertakes to take any other action which may be required by any investor for the purposes of its compliance with any applicable requirement under such regulation. Furthermore, the arrangements described under “Credit Risk Retention” in this prospectus have not been structured with the objective of ensuring compliance by any person with any requirements of such regulation. Consequently, the offered certificates may not be a suitable investment for investors which are subject to any such requirements. See “Risk Factors—Other Risks Relating to the Certificates—European Risk Retention and Due Diligence Requirements”.

 

Information Available to

 

 

Certificateholders

 

On each distribution date, the certificate administrator will prepare and make available to each certificateholder of record (initially expected to be Cede & Co., in the case of the offered certificates) a statement as to the distributions being made on that date. Additionally, under certain circumstances, certificateholders of record may be entitled to certain other information regarding the issuing entity. See “Description of the Certificates—Reports to Certificateholders; Certain Available Information”.

 

Deal Information/Analytics     

 

Certain information concerning the mortgage loans and the certificates will be available to certificateholders through the certificate administrator’s website initially located at www.ctslink.com and may be available to certificateholders through the master servicer’s website initially located at www.pnc.com/midland.

 

Optional Termination     

 

On any distribution date on which the then-aggregate principal balance of the pool of mortgage loans is less than 1.0% of the initial pool

 

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balance, certain entities specified in this prospectus will have the option to purchase all of the remaining mortgage loans (and all property acquired through exercise of remedies in respect of any mortgage loan) at the price specified in this prospectus, which generally will include the outstanding principal balance of each such mortgage loan, together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon.

 

 

The issuing entity may also be terminated in connection with a voluntary exchange of all the then-outstanding certificates (other than the Class V and Class R certificates) for the mortgage loans held by the issuing entity, provided that (i) the Class A-1, Class A-SB, Class A-2, Class A-3, Class X-A, Class X-B, Class X-D, Class A-S, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E certificates are no longer outstanding, (ii) there is only one holder (or multiple holders acting unanimously) of the outstanding certificates (other than the Class V and Class R certificates) and (iii) such holder (or holders) pays an amount to the master servicer as described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Termination; Retirement of Certificates” in this prospectus.

 

 

See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Termination; Retirement of Certificates”.

 

Required Repurchases or

 

 

Substitutions of Mortgage

 

 

Loans; Loss of Value Payment

 

Under certain circumstances, the related mortgage loan seller may be obligated to (i) repurchase (without payment of any yield maintenance charge or prepayment premium) or substitute an affected mortgage loan from the issuing entity or (ii) make a cash payment that would be deemed sufficient to compensate the issuing entity in the event of a document defect or a breach of a representation and warranty made by the related mortgage loan seller with respect to the mortgage loan in the related mortgage loan purchase agreement that materially and adversely affects the value of the mortgage loan, the value of the related mortgaged property and the interests of the trustee or any certificateholder in the mortgage loan or mortgaged property or causes the mortgage loan to be other than a “qualified mortgage” within the meaning of Section 860G(a)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (but without regard to the rule of Treasury regulations Section 1.860G-2(f)(2) that causes a defective loan to be treated as a “qualified mortgage”). See “Description of the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreements—General”.

 

Sale of Defaulted Loans     

 

Pursuant to the pooling and servicing agreement, under certain circumstances the special servicer is required to use reasonable efforts to solicit offers for defaulted serviced mortgage loans (or a defaulted serviced whole loan) and/or related REO properties. In the absence of a cash offer at least equal to such serviced mortgage loan’s outstanding principal balance plus all accrued and unpaid interest and outstanding costs and expenses and certain other amounts specified in the pooling and servicing agreement, the special servicer may purchase such defaulted mortgage loan (or defaulted whole loan) or accept the first (and, if multiple offers are received, the highest) cash offer from any person that constitutes a fair price. The special servicer will not be required to accept the highest cash offer if it determines, in accordance with the servicing standard (and subject to the requirements of any related intercreditor agreement), that rejection of such offer would be in the best interests of the certificateholders and the related companion loan holders (as a collective whole as if such certificateholders and such companion loan holders constituted a single lender).

 

 

The sale of defaulted mortgage loans (other than any non-serviced mortgage loan) is generally subject to (i) with respect to any mortgage

 

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loan that is part of a whole loan or any mortgage loan with existing mezzanine debt, to the extent set forth in the related intercreditor agreement, the right of the holder of the related debt held outside the issuing entity to purchase the related mortgage loan, and (ii) any consent or consultation rights of the directing certificateholder or, with respect to any mortgage loan that is part of a whole loan, the related controlling companion loan holder (if any), to the extent set forth in the related intercreditor agreement, as further described in this prospectus under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans”.

 

 

With respect to each non-serviced mortgage loan, if the related lead servicing pari passu companion loan becomes a defaulted mortgage loan under the pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the related whole loan, and the special servicer under such pooling and servicing agreement determines to sell such pari passu companion loan, then such special servicer will be required to sell such non-serviced mortgage loan together with any related pari passu companion loan (and, in some cases, any related subordinate companion loan) as a single whole loan in a manner similar to that described above. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans”.

 

Tax Status  

 

Elections will be made to treat designated portions of the issuing entity (exclusive of interest that is deferred after the anticipated repayment date of each mortgage loan with an anticipated repayment date and the excess interest distribution account) as two separate REMICs – the lower-tier REMIC and the upper-tier REMIC – for federal income tax purposes.

 

 

In addition, the portions of the issuing entity consisting of entitlement to any excess interest collected on any mortgage loans with an anticipated repayment date, beneficial ownership of which is represented by the Class V certificates, will be a trust for federal income tax purposes.

 

 

Pertinent federal income tax consequences of an investment in the offered certificates include:

 

Each class of offered certificates will constitute REMIC “regular interests”.

 

The offered certificates will be treated as newly originated debt instruments for federal income tax purposes.

 

You will be required to report income on your offered certificates using the accrual method of accounting.

 

It is anticipated that the Class X-A and Class X-B certificates will be issued with original issue discount and the Class A-1, Class A-SB, Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-S, Class B and Class C certificates will be issued at a premium for federal income tax purposes.

 

 

See “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations”.

 

Certain ERISA

 

 

Considerations

 

Subject to important considerations described under “Certain ERISA Considerations”, the offered certificates are eligible for purchase by persons investing assets of employee benefit plans or individual retirement accounts.

 

Legal Investment  

 

None of the certificates will constitute “mortgage related securities” for purposes of the Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of 1984, as amended.

 

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If your investment activities are subject to legal investment laws and regulations, regulatory capital requirements, or review by regulatory authorities, then you may be subject to restrictions on investment in the certificates. You should consult your own legal advisors for assistance in determining the suitability of and consequences to you of the purchase, ownership, and sale of the certificates.

 

 

The issuing entity will not be registered under the Investment Company Act. The issuing entity will be relying on an exclusion or exemption from the definition of “investment company” under the Investment Company Act, contained in Section 3(c)(5) of the Investment Company Act, or Rule 3a-7 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, although there may be additional exclusions or exemptions available to the issuing entity. The issuing entity will not be relying upon Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as a basis for not registering under the Investment Company Act. The issuing entity is being structured so as not to constitute a “covered fund” for purposes of the Volcker Rule under the Dodd-Frank Act (both as defined in this prospectus).

 

 

See “Legal Investment”.

 

Ratings   

 

The offered certificates will not be issued unless each of the offered classes receives a credit rating from one or more of the nationally recognized statistical rating organizations engaged by the depositor to rate the offered certificates. The decision not to engage one or more other rating agencies in the rating of certain classes of certificates was due, in part, to their initial subordination levels for the various classes of the certificates and may negatively impact the liquidity, market value and regulatory characteristics of those classes of certificates. Neither the depositor nor any other person or entity will have any duty to notify you if any other nationally recognized statistical rating organization issues, or delivers notice of its intention to issue, unsolicited ratings on one or more classes of certificates after the date of this prospectus.

 

 

See “Risk Factors—Other Risks Relating to the Certificates—Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations May Assign Different Ratings to the Certificates; Ratings of the Certificates Reflect Only the Views of the Applicable Rating Agencies as of the Dates Such Ratings Were Issued; Ratings May Affect ERISA Eligibility; Ratings May Be Downgraded” and “Ratings”.

 

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Risk Factors

 

You should carefully consider the following risks before making an investment decision. In particular, distributions on your certificates will depend on payments received on, and other recoveries with respect to the mortgage loans. Therefore, you should carefully consider the risk factors relating to the mortgage loans and the mortgaged properties.

 

If any of the following events or circumstances identified as risks actually occur or materialize, your investment could be materially and adversely affected. We note that additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us may also impair your investment.

 

This prospectus also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including the risks described below and elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

The Certificates May Not Be a Suitable Investment for You

 

The certificates will not be suitable investments for all investors. In particular, you should not purchase any class of certificates unless you understand and are able to bear the risk that the yield to maturity and the aggregate amount and timing of distributions on the certificates will be subject to material variability from period to period and give rise to the potential for significant loss over the life of the certificates. The interaction of the foregoing factors and their effects are impossible to predict and are likely to change from time to time. As a result, an investment in the certificates involves substantial risks and uncertainties and should be considered only by sophisticated institutional investors with substantial investment experience with similar types of securities and who have conducted appropriate due diligence on the mortgage loans, the mortgaged properties and the certificates. 

 

Combination or “Layering” of Multiple Risks May Significantly Increase Risk of Loss

 

Although the various risks discussed in this prospectus are generally described separately, you should consider the potential effects of the interplay of multiple risk factors. Where more than one significant risk factor is present, the risk of loss to an investor in the certificates may be significantly increased.

 

Risks Related to Market Conditions and Other External Factors

 

The Volatile Economy, Credit Crisis and Downturn in the Real Estate Market Have Adversely Affected and May Continue To Adversely Affect the Value of CMBS

 

In recent years, the real estate and securitization markets, including the market for commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), experienced significant dislocations, illiquidity and volatility. We cannot assure you that another dislocation in CMBS will not occur.

 

Any economic downturn may adversely affect the financial resources of borrowers under commercial mortgage loans and may result in their inability to make payments on, or refinance, their outstanding mortgage debt when due or to sell their mortgaged properties for an aggregate amount sufficient to pay off the outstanding debt when due. As a result, distributions of principal and interest on your certificates, and the value of your certificates, could be adversely affected.

 

Other Events May Affect the Value and Liquidity of Your Investment

 

Moreover, other types of events, domestic or international, may affect general economic conditions and financial markets:

 

 

Wars, revolts, terrorist attacks, armed conflicts, energy supply or price disruptions, political crises, natural disasters and man-made disasters may have an adverse effect on the mortgaged properties and/or your certificates; and

 

 

Trading activity associated with indices of CMBS may drive spreads on those indices wider than spreads on CMBS, thereby resulting in a decrease in value of such CMBS, including your certificates, and spreads on those indices may be affected by a variety of factors, and may or may not be affected for reasons involving the commercial and multifamily real estate markets and may be affected for reasons that are unknown and cannot be discerned.

 

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You should consider that the foregoing factors may adversely affect the performance of the mortgage loans and accordingly the performance of the offered certificates.

 

Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans

 

Mortgage Loans Are Non-Recourse and Are Not Insured or Guaranteed

 

The mortgage loans are not insured or guaranteed by any person or entity, governmental or otherwise.

 

Investors should treat each mortgage loan as a non-recourse loan. If a default occurs, recourse generally may be had only against the specific mortgaged properties and other assets that have been pledged to secure the mortgage loan. Consequently, payment prior to maturity is dependent primarily on the sufficiency of the net operating income of the mortgaged property. Payment at maturity or anticipated repayment date is primarily dependent upon the market value of the mortgaged property or the borrower’s ability to refinance or sell the mortgaged property.

 

Although the mortgage loans generally are non-recourse in nature, certain mortgage loans contain non-recourse carveouts for liabilities such as liabilities as a result of fraud by the borrower, certain voluntary insolvency proceedings or other matters. Certain mortgage loans set forth under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Non-Recourse Carveout Limitations” either do not contain non-recourse carveouts or contain material limitations to non-recourse carveouts. Often these obligations are guaranteed by an affiliate of the related borrower, although liability under any such guaranty may be capped or otherwise limited in amount or scope. Furthermore, certain guarantors may be foreign entities or individuals which, while subject to the domestic governing law provisions in the guaranty and related mortgage loan documents, could nevertheless require enforcement of any judgment in relation to a guaranty in a foreign jurisdiction, which could, in turn, cause a significant time delay or result in the inability to enforce the guaranty under foreign law. Additionally, the guarantor’s net worth and liquidity may be less (and in some cases, materially less) than amounts due under the related mortgage loan or the guarantor’s sole asset may be its interest in the related borrower. Certain mortgage loans may have the benefit of a general payment guaranty of a portion of the indebtedness under the mortgage loan. In all cases, however, the mortgage loans should be considered to be non-recourse obligations because neither the depositor nor the sponsors make any representation or warranty as to the obligation or ability of any borrower or guarantor to pay any deficiencies between any foreclosure proceeds and the mortgage loan indebtedness.

 

Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally

 

The mortgage loans will be secured by various income-producing commercial and multifamily properties. The repayment of a commercial or multifamily loan is typically dependent upon the ability of the related mortgaged property to produce cash flow through the collection of rents. Even the liquidation value of a commercial property is determined, in substantial part, by the capitalization of the property’s ability to produce cash flow. However, net operating income can be volatile and may be insufficient to cover debt service on the loan at any given time.

 

The net operating incomes and property values of the mortgaged properties may be adversely affected by a large number of factors. Some of these factors relate to the properties themselves, such as:

 

 

the age, design and construction quality of the properties;

 

 

perceptions regarding the safety, convenience and attractiveness of the properties;

 

 

the characteristics and desirability of the area where the property is located;

 

 

the strength and nature of the local economy, including labor costs and quality, tax environment and quality of life for employees;

 

 

the proximity and attractiveness of competing properties;

 

 

the adequacy of the property’s management and maintenance;

 

 

increases in interest rates, real estate taxes and operating expenses at the property and in relation to competing properties;

 

 

an increase in the capital expenditures needed to maintain the properties or make improvements;

 

 

the dependence upon a single tenant or concentration of tenants in a particular business or industry;

 

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a decline in the businesses operated by tenants or in their financial condition;

 

 

an increase in vacancy rates; and

 

 

a decline in rental rates as leases are renewed or entered into with new tenants.

 

Other factors are more general in nature, such as:

 

 

national or regional economic conditions, including plant closings, military base closings, industry slowdowns, oil and/or gas drilling facility slowdowns or closings and unemployment rates;

 

 

local real estate conditions, such as an oversupply of competing properties, retail space, office space, multifamily housing or hotel capacity;

 

 

demographic factors;

 

 

consumer confidence;

 

 

consumer tastes and preferences;

 

 

political factors;

 

 

environmental factors;

 

 

seismic activity risk;

 

 

retroactive changes in building codes;

 

 

changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments;

 

 

location of certain mortgaged properties in less densely populated or less affluent areas; and

 

 

the public perception of safety for customers and clients.

 

The volatility of net operating income will be influenced by many of the foregoing factors, as well as by:

 

 

the length of tenant leases (including that in certain cases, all or substantially all of the tenants, or one or more sole, anchor or other major tenants, at a particular mortgaged property may have leases that expire or permit the tenant(s) to terminate its lease during the term of the loan);

 

 

the quality and creditworthiness of tenants;

 

 

tenant defaults;

 

 

in the case of rental properties, the rate at which new rentals occur; and

 

 

the property’s “operating leverage”, which is generally the percentage of total property expenses in relation to revenue, the ratio of fixed operating expenses to those that vary with revenues, and the level of capital expenditures required to maintain the property and to retain or replace tenants.

 

A decline in the real estate market or in the financial condition of a major tenant will tend to have a more immediate effect on the net operating income of properties with relatively higher operating leverage or short term revenue sources, such as short term or month to month leases, and may lead to higher rates of delinquency or defaults.

 

Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases

 

General

 

Any tenant may, from time to time, experience a downturn in its business, which may weaken its financial condition and result in a reduction or failure to make rental payments when due. If tenants’ sales were to decline, percentage rents may decline and, further, tenants may be unable to pay their base rent or other occupancy costs. If a tenant defaults in its obligations to a property owner, that property owner may experience delays in enforcing its

 

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rights as lessor and may incur substantial costs and experience significant delays associated with protecting its investment, including costs incurred in renovating and reletting the property.

 

Additionally, the income from, and market value of, the mortgaged properties leased to various tenants would be adversely affected if:

 

 

space in the mortgaged properties could not be leased or re-leased or substantial re-leasing costs were required and/or the cost of performing landlord obligations under existing leases materially increased;

 

 

leasing or re-leasing is restricted by exclusive rights of tenants to lease the mortgaged properties or other covenants not to lease space for certain uses or activities, or covenants limiting the types of tenants to which space may be leased;

 

 

a significant tenant were to become a debtor in a bankruptcy case;

 

 

rental payments could not be collected for any other reason; or

 

 

a borrower fails to perform its obligations under a lease resulting in the related tenant having a right to terminate such lease.

 

Certain tenants currently may be in a rent abatement period. We cannot assure you that such tenants will be in a position to pay full rent when the abatement period expires. We cannot assure you that the net operating income contributed by the mortgaged properties will remain at its current or past levels.

 

A Tenant Concentration May Result in Increased Losses

 

Mortgaged properties that are owner-occupied or leased to a single tenant, or a tenant that makes up a significant portion of the rental income, also are more susceptible to interruptions of cash flow if that tenant’s business operations are negatively impacted or if such tenant fails to renew its lease. This is so because:

 

 

the financial effect of the absence of rental income may be severe;

 

 

more time may be required to re-lease the space; and

 

 

substantial capital costs may be incurred to make the space appropriate for replacement tenants.

 

In the event of a default by that tenant, if the related lease expires prior to the mortgage loan maturity date and the related tenant fails to renew its lease or if such tenant exercises an early termination option, there would likely be an interruption of rental payments under the lease and, accordingly, insufficient funds available to the borrower to pay the debt service on the mortgage loan. In certain cases where the tenant owns the improvements on the mortgaged property, the related borrower may be required to purchase such improvements in connection with the exercise of its remedies.

 

With respect to certain of these mortgaged properties that are leased to a single tenant, the related leases may expire prior to, or soon after, the maturity dates of the mortgage loans or the related tenant may have the right to terminate the lease prior to the maturity date of the mortgage loan. If the current tenant does not renew its lease on comparable economic terms to the expired lease, if a single tenant terminates its lease or if a suitable replacement tenant does not enter into a new lease on similar economic terms, there could be a negative impact on the payments on the related mortgage loan.

 

A deterioration in the financial condition of a tenant, the failure of a tenant to renew its lease or the exercise by a tenant of an early termination right can be particularly significant if a mortgaged property is owner-occupied, leased to a single tenant, or if any tenant makes up a significant portion of the rental income at the mortgaged property.

 

Concentrations of particular tenants among the mortgaged properties or within a particular business or industry at one or multiple mortgaged properties increase the possibility that financial problems with such tenants or such business or industry sectors could affect the mortgage loans. In addition, the mortgage loans may be adversely affected if a tenant at the mortgaged property is highly specialized, or dependent on a single industry or only a few customers for its revenue. See “—Tenant Bankruptcy Could Result in a Rejection of the Related Lease“ below, and “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Tenant Issues—Tenant Concentrations” for information on tenant concentrations in the mortgage pool.

 

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Mortgaged Properties Leased to Multiple Tenants Also Have Risks

 

If a mortgaged property has multiple tenants, re-leasing expenditures may be more frequent than in the case of mortgaged properties with fewer tenants, thereby reducing the cash flow available for payments on the related mortgage loan. Multi-tenant mortgaged properties also may experience higher continuing vacancy rates and greater volatility in rental income and expenses. See Annex A-1 for tenant lease expiration dates for the 5 largest tenants at each mortgaged property.

 

Mortgaged Properties Leased to Borrowers or Borrower Affiliated Entities Also Have Risks

 

If a mortgaged property is leased in whole or substantial part to the borrower under the mortgage loan or to an affiliate of the borrower, there may be conflicts of interest. For instance, it is more likely a landlord will waive lease conditions for an affiliated tenant than it would for an unaffiliated tenant. We cannot assure you that the conflicts of interest arising where a borrower is affiliated with a tenant at a mortgaged property will not adversely impact the value of the related mortgage loan.

 

In certain cases, an affiliated lessee may be a tenant under a master lease with the related borrower, under which the tenant is obligated to make rent payments but does not occupy any space at the mortgaged property. Master leases in these circumstances may be used to bring occupancy to a “stabilized” level with the intent of finding additional tenants to occupy some or all of the master leased space, but may not provide additional economic support for the mortgage loan. If a mortgaged property is leased in whole or substantial part to the borrower or to an affiliate of the borrower, a deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower or its affiliates could significantly affect the borrower’s ability to perform under the mortgage loan as it would directly interrupt the cash flow from the mortgaged property if the borrower’s or its affiliate’s financial condition worsens. We cannot assure you that any space leased by a borrower or an affiliate of the borrower will eventually be occupied by third party tenants.

 

See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Tenant Issues—Affiliated Leases” for information on properties leased in whole or in part to borrowers and their affiliates.

 

Sale-Leaseback Transactions Have Special Risks

 

The Bellagio Hotel & Casino (7.8%) mortgaged property was the subject of a sale-leaseback transaction in connection with the acquisition of such property by the related borrower. Such mortgaged property is leased to the former owner of the mortgaged property. A bankruptcy with respect to a tenant in a sale-leaseback transaction could result in the related lease being recharacterized as a loan from the borrower to the tenant. If the lease were recharacterized as a loan, the lease would be a deemed loan and the tenant would gain a number of potential benefits in a bankruptcy case. The tenant could retain possession of the mortgaged property during the pendency of its bankruptcy case without having to comply with the ongoing post-petition rent requirements of section 365(d)(3) of the Bankruptcy Code, which requires a tenant to start paying rent within 60 days following the commencement of its bankruptcy case, while deciding whether to assume or reject a lease of nonresidential real property. The tenant desiring to remain in possession of the mortgaged property would not have to assume the lease within 210 days following the commencement of its bankruptcy case pursuant to section 365(d)(4) of the Bankruptcy Code or comply with the conditions precedent to assumption, including curing all defaults, compensating for damages and giving adequate assurance of future performance. To the extent the deemed loan is under-secured, the tenant would be able to limit the secured claim to the then-current value of the mortgaged property and treat the balance as a general unsecured claim. The tenant also might assert that the entire claim on the deemed loan is an unsecured claim. In Liona Corp., Inc. v. PCH Associates (In re PCH Associates), 949 F.2d 585 (2d Cir. 1991), the court considered the effect of recharacterizing a sale-leaseback transaction as a financing rather than a true lease. The court held that the landlord’s record title to the leased property should be treated as an equitable mortgage securing the deemed loan. Under the reasoning of that case, if a lease were recharacterized as a loan, the related borrower would have a claim against the tenant secured by an equitable mortgage. That secured claim has been collaterally assigned to the mortgagee; however, the legal authority considering the effects of such a recharacterization is limited, and we cannot assure you that a bankruptcy court would follow the reasoning of the PCH Associates case. There is also a risk that a tenant that files for bankruptcy protection may reject the related lease. Pursuant to section 502(b)(6) of the Bankruptcy Code, a lessor’s damages for lease rejection are limited to the amount owed for the unpaid rent reserved under the lease for the periods prior to the bankruptcy petition (or earlier surrender of the leased premises) which are unrelated to the rejection, plus the greater of one year’s rent or 15% of the remaining rent reserved under the lease (but not to exceed three years’ rent).

 

Tenant Bankruptcy Could Result in a Rejection of the Related Lease

 

The bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant or a number of smaller tenants, such as in retail properties, may have an adverse impact on the mortgaged properties affected and the income produced by such mortgaged

 

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properties. Under the Bankruptcy Code, a tenant has the option of assuming or rejecting or, subject to certain conditions, assuming and assigning to a third party, any unexpired lease. If the tenant rejects the lease, the landlord’s claim for breach of the lease would (absent collateral securing the claim) be treated as a general unsecured claim against the tenant and a lessor’s damages for lease rejection are generally subject to certain limitations. We cannot assure you that tenants of the mortgaged properties will continue making payments under their leases or that tenants will not file for bankruptcy protection in the future or, if any tenants do file, that they will continue to make rental payments in a timely manner. See “Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Bankruptcy Laws”. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Loan Purpose; Default History, Bankruptcy Issues and Other Proceedings” for information regarding bankruptcy issues with respect to certain mortgage loans.

 

In the case of certain mortgage loans included in the mortgage pool, it may be possible that the related master lease could be construed in a bankruptcy as a financing lease or other arrangement under which the related master lessee (and/or its affiliates) would be deemed as effectively the owner of the related mortgaged property, rather than a tenant, which could result in potentially adverse consequences for the trust, as the holder of such mortgage loan, including a potentially greater risk of an unfavorable plan of reorganization and competing claims of creditors of the related master lessee and/or its affiliates. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Tenant Issues—Affiliated Leases”.

 

Leases That Are Not Subordinated to the Lien of the Mortgage or Do Not Contain Attornment Provisions May Have an Adverse Impact at Foreclosure

 

In certain jurisdictions, if tenant leases are subordinated to the liens created by the mortgage but do not contain attornment provisions that require the tenant to recognize a successor owner, the tenants may terminate their leases upon the transfer of the property to a foreclosing lender or purchaser at foreclosure. Accordingly, if a mortgaged property is located in such a jurisdiction and is leased to one or more desirable tenants under leases that are subordinate to the mortgage and do not contain attornment provisions, such mortgaged property could experience a further decline in value if such tenants’ leases were terminated. This is particularly likely if those tenants were paying above-market rents or could not be replaced. If a lease is not subordinate to a mortgage, the issuing entity will not possess the right to dispossess the tenant upon foreclosure of the mortgaged property (unless otherwise agreed to with the tenant). Also, if the lease contains provisions inconsistent with the mortgage (e.g., provisions relating to application of insurance proceeds or condemnation awards) or which could affect the enforcement of the lender’s rights (e.g., a right of first refusal to purchase the property), the provisions of the lease will take precedence over the provisions of the mortgage. Not all leases were reviewed to ascertain the existence of attornment or subordination provisions.

 

With respect to certain of the mortgage loans, the related borrower may have given to certain tenants or others an option to purchase, a right of first refusal to purchase and/or a right of first offer to purchase all or a portion of the mortgaged property in the event a sale is contemplated, and such right may not be subordinate to the related mortgage. This may impede the mortgagee’s ability to sell the related mortgaged property at foreclosure, or, upon foreclosure, this may affect the value and/or marketability of the related mortgaged property. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Tenant Issues—Purchase Options and Rights of First Refusal” for information regarding material purchase options and/or rights of first refusal or first offer, if any, with respect to mortgaged properties securing certain mortgage loans.

 

Early Lease Termination Options May Reduce Cash Flow

 

Leases often give tenants the right to terminate the related lease, abate or reduce the related rent, and/or exercise certain remedies against the related borrower for various reasons or upon various conditions, including:

 

 

if the related borrower allows uses at the mortgaged property in violation of use restrictions in current tenant leases,

 

 

if the related borrower or any of its affiliates owns other properties within a certain radius of the mortgaged property and allows uses at those properties in violation of use restrictions,

 

 

if the related borrower fails to provide a designated number of parking spaces,

 

 

if there is construction at the related mortgaged property or an adjacent property (whether or not such adjacent property is owned or controlled by the borrower or any of its affiliates) that may interfere with visibility of, access to or a tenant’s use of the mortgaged property or otherwise violate the terms of a tenant’s lease,

 

 

upon casualty or condemnation with respect to all or a portion of the mortgaged property that renders such mortgaged property unsuitable for a tenant’s use or if the borrower fails to rebuild such mortgaged

 

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property within a certain time or if the casualty or condemnation occurs within a specified period of the lease expiration date,

 

 

if a tenant’s use is not permitted by zoning or applicable law,

 

 

if the tenant is unable to exercise an expansion right,

 

 

if the landlord defaults on its obligations under the lease,

 

 

if a landlord leases space at the mortgaged property or within a certain radius of the mortgaged property to a competitor,

 

 

if the tenant fails to meet certain sales targets or other business objectives for a specified period of time,

 

 

if significant tenants at the subject property go dark, terminate their leases or otherwise cease to occupy their space, or if a specified percentage of the mortgaged property is unoccupied,

 

 

if the landlord violates the tenant’s exclusive use rights for a specified period of time,

 

 

if the related borrower violates covenants under the related lease or if third parties take certain actions that adversely affect such tenants’ business or operations,

 

 

in the case of government sponsored tenants, at any time or for lack of appropriations, or

 

 

if the related borrower violates covenants under the related lease or if third parties take certain actions that adversely affect such tenants’ business or operations.

 

In certain cases, compliance or satisfaction of landlord covenants may be the responsibility of a third party affiliated with the borrower or, in the event that partial releases of the applicable mortgaged property are permitted, an unaffiliated or affiliated third party.

 

Any exercise of a termination right by a tenant at a mortgaged property could result in vacant space at the related mortgaged property, renegotiation of the lease with the related tenant or re-letting of the space. Any such vacated space may not be re-let. Furthermore, such foregoing termination and/or abatement rights may arise in the future or materially adversely affect the related borrower’s ability to meet its obligations under the related mortgage loan documents. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Tenant Issues—Lease Expirations and Terminations” for information on material tenant lease expirations and early termination options.

 

Mortgaged Properties Leased to Not-for-Profit Tenants Also Have Risks

 

Certain mortgaged properties may have tenants that are charitable institutions that generally rely on contributions from individuals and government grants or other subsidies to pay rent and other operating expenses. We cannot assure you that the rate, frequency and level of individual contributions or governmental grants and subsidies will continue with respect to any such institution. A reduction in contributions or grants may impact the ability of the related institution to pay rent, and we cannot assure you that the related borrower will be in a position to meet its obligations under the related mortgage loan documents if such tenant fails to pay its rent.

 

Office Properties Have Special Risks

 

In addition to the factors discussed in “—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally“ and “—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases” above, other factors may adversely affect the financial performance and value of office properties, including:

 

 

the physical attributes of the building in relation to competing buildings (e.g., age, condition, design, appearance, access to transportation and ability to offer certain amenities, such as sophisticated building systems and/or business wiring requirements);

 

 

the tenant mix, such as the tenants being concentrated in a particular industry or business;

 

 

the adaptability of the building to changes in the technological needs of the tenants;

 

 

an adverse change in population, patterns of telecommuting or sharing of office space, and employment growth (which creates demand for office space); and

 

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in the case of a medical office property, (a) the proximity of such property to a hospital or other healthcare establishment, (b) reimbursements for patient fees from private or government sponsored insurers, (c) its ability to attract doctors and nurses to be on staff, and (d) its ability to afford and acquire the latest medical equipment. Issues related to reimbursement (ranging from nonpayment to delays in payment) from such insurers could adversely impact cash flow at such mortgaged property.

 

Certain office tenants at the mortgaged properties may use their leased space to create shared workspaces that they lease to other businesses. Shared workspaces are generally rented by customers on a short term basis and for less square feet. Short term, smaller space users may be more impacted by economic fluctuations compared to traditional long term, larger office leases, which has the potential to impact operating profitability of the company offering the shared space and, in turn, its ability to maintain its lease payments. This may subject the related mortgage loan to increased risk of default and loss. In addition, the business model for co-working tenants is evolving, and in markets where co-working tenants represent significant market share, deteriorating performance at any one location may create disruption across other co-working locations and affect the broader office market as well.

 

Moreover, the cost of refitting office space for a new tenant is often higher than the cost of refitting other types of properties for new tenants.

 

If one or more major tenants at a particular office property were to close or remain vacant, we cannot assure you that such tenants would be replaced in a timely manner or without incurring material additional costs to the related borrower and resulting in an adverse effect on the financial performance of the property.

 

See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Office Properties”.

 

Multifamily Properties Have Special Risks

 

In addition to the factors discussed in “—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally“ and “—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases” above, other factors may adversely affect the financial performance and value of multifamily properties, including:

 

 

the quality of property management;

 

 

the ability of management to provide adequate maintenance and insurance;

 

 

the types of services or amenities that the property provides;

 

 

the property’s reputation;

 

 

the level of mortgage interest rates, which may encourage tenants to purchase rather than lease housing;

 

 

the generally short terms of residential leases and the need for continued reletting;

 

 

rent concessions and month-to-month leases, which may impact cash flow at the property;

 

 

the tenant mix, such as the tenant population being predominantly students or being heavily dependent on workers from a particular business or industry or personnel from or workers related to a local military base or oil and/or gas drilling industries;

 

 

in the case of student housing facilities or properties leased primarily to students, which may be more susceptible to damage or wear and tear than other types of multifamily housing, the reliance on the financial well-being of the college or university to which it relates, competition from on campus housing units, which may adversely affect occupancy, the physical layout of the housing, which may not be readily convertible to traditional multifamily use, and that student tenants have a higher turnover rate than other types of multifamily tenants, which in certain cases is compounded by the fact that student leases are available for periods of less than 12 months;

 

 

that certain multifamily properties may be considered to be “flexible apartment properties”, which properties have a significant percentage of units leased to tenants under short-term leases (less than one year in term), which creates a higher turnover rate than for other types of multifamily properties;

 

 

restrictions on the age or income of tenants who may reside at the property;

 

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dependence upon governmental programs that provide rent subsidies to tenants pursuant to tenant voucher programs, which vouchers may be used at other properties and influence tenant mobility;

 

 

adverse local, regional or national economic conditions, which may limit the amount of rent that may be charged and may result in a reduction of timely rent payments or a reduction in occupancy levels;

 

 

state and local regulations, which may affect the building owner’s ability to increase rent to market rent for an equivalent apartment; and

 

 

the existence of government assistance/rent subsidy programs, and whether or not they continue and provide the same level of assistance or subsidies.

 

Certain states regulate the relationship between an owner and its tenants. Commonly, these laws require a written lease, good cause for eviction, disclosure of fees, and notification to residents of changed land use, while prohibiting unreasonable rules, retaliatory evictions, and restrictions on a resident’s choice of unit vendors. Apartment building owners have been the subject of suits under state “Unfair and Deceptive Practices Acts” and other general consumer protection statutes for coercive, abusive or unconscionable leasing and sales practices. A few states offer more significant protection. For example, in some states, there are provisions that limit the bases on which a landlord may terminate a tenancy or increase a tenant’s rent or prohibit a landlord from terminating a tenancy solely by reason of the sale of the owner’s building.

 

In addition to state regulation of the landlord tenant relationship generally, numerous counties and municipalities, or state law as applicable in designated counties and municipalities, impose rent control or rent stabilization on apartment buildings. These laws and ordinances generally impose limitations on rent increases, with such increases limited to fixed percentages, to percentages of increases in the consumer price index, to increases set or approved by a governmental agency, or to increases determined through mediation or binding arbitration. Any limitations on a borrower’s ability to raise property rents may impair such borrower’s ability to repay its multifamily loan from its net operating income or the proceeds of a sale or refinancing of the related multifamily property. In addition, prospective investors should assume that these laws and ordinances generally entitle existing tenants at rent-controlled and rent-stabilized units to a lease renewal upon the expiration of their existing lease; entitle certain family members of a tenant the right to a rent stabilized or rent controlled renewal lease notwithstanding the absence of the original tenant upon lease expiration; empower a court or a designated government agency, following a tenant complaint and fact-finding, to order a reduction in rent and impose penalties on the landlord if the tenant’s rights are violated or certain services are not maintained; and, for the purposes of any prohibitions on retaliatory evictions, establish presumptions of landlord retaliation in cases of recent tenant complaints or other prescribed circumstances. These provisions may result in rents that are lower, or operating costs that are higher, than would otherwise be the case, thereby impairing the borrower’s ability to repay its multifamily loan from its net operating income or the proceeds of a sale or refinancing of the related multifamily property.

 

Certain of the mortgage loans may be secured in the future by mortgaged properties that are subject to certain affordable housing covenants and other covenants and restrictions with respect to various tax credit, city, state and federal housing subsidies, rent stabilization or similar programs, in respect of various units within the mortgaged properties. The limitations and restrictions imposed by these programs could result in losses on the mortgage loans. In addition, in the event that the program is cancelled, it could result in less income for the project. In addition, changes to such programs may impose additional limits on rent increases that were not contemplated when the related mortgage loans were originated. These programs may include, among others:

 

 

rent limitations that would adversely affect the ability of borrowers to increase rents to maintain the condition of their mortgaged properties and satisfy operating expenses; and

 

 

tenant income restrictions that may reduce the number of eligible tenants in those mortgaged properties and result in a reduction in occupancy rates;

 

The difference in rents between subsidized or supported properties and other multifamily rental properties in the same area may not be a sufficient economic incentive for some eligible tenants to reside at a subsidized or supported property that may have fewer amenities or be less attractive as a residence. As a result, occupancy levels at a subsidized or supported property may decline, which may adversely affect the value and successful operation of such property.

 

Some counties and municipalities may later impose stricter rent control regulations on apartment buildings. For example, on June 14, 2019, the New York State Senate passed the Housing Stability and Tenant Protection Act of 2019 (the “HSTP Act”), which, among other things, limits the ability of landlords to increase rents in rent stabilized apartments at the time of lease renewal and after a vacancy. The HSTP Act also limits potential rent increases for

 

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major capital improvements and for individual apartment improvements. In addition, the HSTP Act permits certain qualified localities in the State of New York to implement the rent stabilization system. In particular, the impact of the HSTP Act on the appraised value of mortgaged real properties located in the City of New York that have significant numbers of rent stabilized units is uncertain.

 

Moreover, legislative or judicial actions concerning rent-stabilized properties may adversely affect, among other things, existing market rent units and a borrower’s ability to convert rent-stabilized units to market rent units in the future or may give rise to liability in connection with previously converted units, which may adversely impact the net operating income or the appraised value of the property and/or the value of the property.

 

Certain of the multifamily properties may be residential cooperative buildings where the land under any such building is owned or leased by a non-profit residential cooperative corporation. The cooperative owns all the units in the building and all common areas. Its tenants own stock, shares or membership certificates in the corporation. This ownership entitles the tenant-stockholders to proprietary leases or occupancy agreements which confer exclusive rights to occupy specific units. Generally, the tenant-stockholders make monthly maintenance payments which represent their share of the cooperative corporation’s mortgage loan payments, real property taxes, reserve contributions and capital expenditures, maintenance and other expenses, less any income the corporation may receive. These payments are in addition to any payments of principal and interest the tenant-stockholder may be required to make on any loans secured by its shares in the cooperative.

 

A number of factors may adversely affect the value and successful operation of a residential cooperative property. Some of these factors include:

 

 

the primary dependence of a borrower upon maintenance payments and any rental income from units or commercial areas to meet debt service obligations;

 

 

the initial concentration of shares relating to occupied rental units of the sponsor, owner or investor after conversion from rental housing, which may result in an inability to meet debt service obligations on the residential cooperative corporation’s mortgage loan if the sponsor, owner or investor is unable to make the required maintenance payments;

 

 

the failure of a borrower to qualify for favorable tax treatment as a “cooperative housing corporation” each year, which may reduce the cash flow available to make payments on the related mortgage loan; and

 

 

that, upon foreclosure, in the event a cooperative property becomes a rental property, certain units could be subject to rent control, stabilization and tenants’ rights laws, at below market rents, which may affect rental income levels and the marketability and sale proceeds of the rental property as a whole.

 

See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Multifamily Properties”.

 

Hotel Properties Have Special Risks

 

In addition to the factors discussed in “—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally” above, various other factors may adversely affect the financial performance and value of hotel properties, including:

 

 

adverse economic and social conditions, either local, regional or national (which may limit the amount that can be charged for a room and reduce occupancy levels);

 

 

continuing expenditures for modernizing, refurbishing and maintaining existing facilities prior to the expiration of their anticipated useful lives;

 

 

ability to convert to alternative uses which may not be readily made;

 

 

a deterioration in the financial strength or managerial capabilities of the owner or operator of a hotel property;

 

 

changes in travel patterns caused by general adverse economic conditions, fear of terrorist attacks, adverse weather conditions and changes in access, energy prices, strikes, travel costs, relocation of highways, the construction of additional highways, concerns about travel safety or other factors; and

 

 

relative illiquidity of hospitality investments which limits the ability of the borrowers and property managers to respond to changes in economic or other conditions.

 

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Because hotel rooms are generally rented for short periods of time, the financial performance of hotel properties tends to be affected by adverse economic conditions and competition more quickly than other commercial properties. Additionally, as a result of high operating costs, relatively small decreases in revenue can cause significant stress on a property’s cash flow.

 

Moreover, the hospitality and lodging industry is generally seasonal in nature and different seasons affect different hotel properties differently depending on type and location. This seasonality can be expected to cause periodic fluctuations in a hotel property’s room and restaurant revenues, occupancy levels, room rates and operating expenses. We cannot assure you that cash flow will be sufficient to offset any shortfalls that occur at the mortgaged property during slower periods or that the related mortgage loans provide for seasonality reserves, or if seasonality reserves are provided for, that such reserves will be funded or will be sufficient or available to fund such shortfalls.

 

In addition, certain hotel properties are limited-service, select service or extended stay hotels. Hotel properties that are limited-service, select service or extended stay hotels may subject a lender to more risk than full-service hotel properties as they generally require less capital for construction than full-service hotel properties. In addition, as limited-service, select service or extended stay hotels generally offer fewer amenities than full-service hotel properties, they are less distinguishable from each other. As a result, it is easier for limited-service, select service or extended stay hotels to experience increased or unforeseen competition.

 

In addition to hotel operations, some hotel properties also operate entertainment complexes that include restaurants, lounges, nightclubs and/or banquet and meeting spaces and may derive a significant portion of the related property’s revenue from such operations. Consumer demand for entertainment resorts is particularly sensitive to downturns in the economy and the corresponding impact on discretionary spending on leisure activities. Changes in discretionary consumer spending or consumer preferences could be driven by factors such as perceived or actual general economic conditions, high energy, fuel and food costs, the increased cost of travel, the weakened job market, perceived or actual disposable consumer income and wealth, fears of recession and changes in consumer confidence in the economy, or fears of war and future acts of terrorism. These factors could reduce consumer demand for the leisure activities that the property offers, thus imposing practical limits on pricing and harming operations. Restaurants and nightclubs are particularly vulnerable to changes in consumer preferences. In addition, a nightclub’s, restaurant’s or bar’s revenue is extremely dependent on its popularity and perception. These characteristics are subject to change rapidly and we cannot assure you that any of a hotel property’s nightclubs, restaurants or bars will maintain their current level of popularity or perception in the market. Any such change could have a material adverse effect on the net cash flow of the property.

 

Some of the hotel properties have liquor licenses associated with the mortgaged property. The liquor licenses for these mortgaged properties are generally held by affiliates of the related borrowers, unaffiliated managers or operating lessees. The laws and regulations relating to liquor licenses generally prohibit the transfer of such licenses to any person, or condition such transfer on the prior approval of the governmental authority that issued the license. In the event of a foreclosure of a hotel property that holds a liquor license, the special servicer on behalf of the issuing entity or a purchaser in a foreclosure sale would likely have to apply for a new license, which might not be granted or might be granted only after a delay that could be significant. We cannot assure you that a new license could be obtained promptly or at all. The lack of a liquor license in a hotel property could have an adverse impact on the revenue from the related mortgaged property or on the hotel property’s occupancy rate.

 

In addition, there may be risks associated with hotel properties that have not entered into or become a party to any franchise agreement, license agreement or other “flag”. Hotel properties often enter into these types of agreements in order to align the hotel property with a certain public perception or to benefit from a centralized reservation system. We cannot assure you that hotel properties that lack such benefits will be able to operate successfully on an independent basis.

 

See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Hotel Properties”.

 

Risks Relating to Affiliation with a Franchise or Hotel Management Company

 

The performance of a hotel property affiliated with a franchise or hotel management company depends in part on:

 

 

the continued existence and financial strength of the franchisor or hotel management company;

 

 

the public perception of the franchise or hotel chain service mark; and

 

 

the duration of the franchise licensing or management agreements.

 

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The continuation of a franchise agreement, license agreement or management agreement is subject to specified operating standards and other terms and conditions set forth in such agreements. The failure of a borrower to maintain such standards or adhere to other applicable terms and conditions, such as property improvement plans, could result in the loss or cancellation of their rights under the franchise, license or hotel management company agreement or management agreement. We cannot assure you that a replacement franchise could be obtained in the event of termination or that such replacement franchise affiliation would be of equal quality to the terminated franchise affiliation. In addition, a replacement franchise, license and/or hotel property manager may require significantly higher fees as well as the investment of capital to bring the hotel property into compliance with the requirements of the replacement franchisor, licensor and/or hotel property manager. Any provision in a franchise agreement or management agreement providing for termination because of a bankruptcy of a franchisor, licensor or manager generally will not be enforceable.

 

The transferability of franchise agreements, license agreements and property management agreements may be restricted. In the event of a foreclosure, the lender may not have the right to use the franchise license without the franchisor’s consent or the manager might be able to terminate the management agreement. Conversely, in the case of certain mortgage loans, the lender may be unable to remove a franchisor/licensor or a hotel management company that it desires to replace following a foreclosure and, further, may be limited as regards the pool of potential transferees for a foreclosure or real estate owned property.

 

In some cases where a hotel property is subject to a license or franchise agreement, the licensor or franchisor has required or may in the future require the completion of various repairs and/or renovations pursuant to a property improvement plan issued by the franchisor or licensor. Failure to complete those repairs and/or renovations in accordance with the plan could result in the hotel property losing its license or franchise. Annex A-1 and the related footnotes set forth the amount of reserves, if any, established under the related mortgage loans in connection with any of those repairs and/or renovations. We cannot assure you that any amounts reserved will be sufficient to complete the repairs and/or renovations required with respect to any affected hotel property. In addition, in some cases, those reserves will be maintained by the franchisor or property manager. Furthermore, the lender may not require a reserve for repairs and/or renovations in all instances.

 

See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Hotel Properties”.

 

Risks Relating to the Bellagio Hotel and Casino Mortgage Loan

 

With respect to the Bellagio Hotel and Casino mortgage loan (7.8%), the mortgaged property is master leased pursuant to a lease expiring November 30, 2049 (the “Bellagio Lease”) by the borrower to a single tenant, Bellagio, LLC (the “Bellagio Tenant”), a subsidiary of MGM Resorts International (“MGM”), and the former owner of the mortgaged property, pursuant to a sale-leaseback transaction. MGM (in such capacity, the “Bellagio Lease Guarantor”) guarantees the payment and performance of all monetary obligations and certain other obligations of Bellagio Tenant under the Bellagio Lease. The Bellagio Tenant operates casino, hotel and other resort improvements located on the mortgaged property. As of the trailing twelve months ending September 30, 2019, total revenues at the mortgaged property were derived approximately 29.6% from gaming, 28.4% from hotel, 24.7% from food and beverage, 9.0% from entertainment and 8.3% from other sources. The ability of the Bellagio Tenant to make the rent payments under the Bellagio Lease will depend on the ability of the mortgaged property to produce cash flow through the collection of room, food and beverage, casino, nightclub, entertainment, spa and fitness, retail and other related resort revenues. However, net operating income can be volatile and may be insufficient to make rental payments under the Bellagio Lease, which may result in the borrower’s failure to make debt service payments on the Bellagio Hotel and Casino mortgage loan at any given time. The liquidation value of the mortgaged property is also determined, in substantial part, by the capitalization of the mortgaged property’s cash flow.

 

For so long as the Bellagio Lease is in effect, the borrower will be entitled to receive only rents under the Bellagio Lease, and not the underlying rents and receipts from the mortgaged property. However, financial information set forth in this prospectus, except as otherwise expressly indicated, is presented on a “look through” basis, based on the underlying rents and receipts of the mortgaged property, before rent due under the Bellagio Lease.

 

Risks Relating to Casino Business.

 

The Bellagio Tenant operates a casino business at the mortgaged property, which is subject to a number of risks. The casino business is highly competitive among a large number of participants, including riverboat casinos, dockside casinos, land-based casinos, video lottery, sweepstakes and poker machines not located in casinos, Native American gaming, internet lotteries and other internet wagering gaming services. In particular the mortgaged property competes with other high-quality Las Vegas resorts, especially those located on the Las Vegas Strip, which have themes and attractions which directly compete with the operations of the mortgaged property, and may have greater name recognition and financial and marketing resources than the mortgaged property, some of which may be

 

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operated by affiliates of the Bellagio Tenant. In addition, the casino business is subject to the following risks: (i) the casino business is subject to changes in discretionary consumer spending, which may decline during economic downturns or for other reasons, (ii) the gaming industry is characterized by an element of chance, which may result in the actual win rates of the casino being less than anticipated, leading to losses, (iii) customers or employees may attempt or commit fraud or theft or cheat in order to increase winnings, (iv) credit extended to customers (which is unsecured) may be uncollectable, and (v) the gaming industry is subject to significant regulation, and loss of its gaming license could materially adversely affect the ability of the Bellagio Tenant to pay its rent. Due to the borrower’s dependence on rental payments from the Bellagio Tenant as a primary source of revenues, the borrower may be limited in its ability to enforce any rights under the Bellagio Lease or to terminate the Bellagio Lease. Failure by the tenant to comply with the terms of the Bellagio Lease or to comply with the gaming regulations to which the mortgaged property is subject could require the borrower to find another lessee for the property and there could be a decrease or cessation of rental payments by the tenant. In such event, the borrower may be unable to locate a suitable lessee at similar rental rates or at all. In addition, the Nevada gaming laws relating to casino operations prohibit the transfer of gaming licenses and, in the case of a transfer of the equity of the entity holding the gaming license, require the prior approval from the Nevada gaming authorities. Accordingly, in the event of a foreclosure and termination of the Bellagio Lease, the lender or its agent, or a purchaser of the property, would not have the right to operate the casino without first obtaining a license, which may be granted after a delay, which could be significant, or may not be granted at all.

 

Risks Relating to Food & Beverage and Entertainment Revenues.

 

In addition to its hotel operations, the mortgaged property operates as an entertainment complex, including restaurants, lounges, nightclubs and entertainment venues. The mortgaged property has 29 food and beverage outlets. The mortgaged property also includes the approximately 1,809-seat O Theatre entertainment venue, which is home to O by Cirque du Soleil. The successful operation of the entertainment complex at the mortgaged property is important to the successful operation of the hotel and casino facilities at the mortgaged property. We cannot assure you that the revenues of any of the mortgaged property’s food and beverage venues or entertainment venues will be maintained. Consumer demand for full service resorts is particularly sensitive to downturns in the economy and the corresponding impact on discretionary spending on leisure activities. In addition, a restaurant’s, lounge’s, nightclub’s and entertainment venue’s revenue is dependent on its popularity and perception. In particular, the entertainment industry’s brand perception of the mortgaged property’s entertainment venue is an important measure of success. How artists, agents and promoters view the mortgaged property’s entertainment venue may have a significant impact on the ability of the Bellagio Tenant or property manager to book the best talent and sell out shows. The restaurant, lounge, club and bar operations at the mortgaged property are also subject to extensive regulation by the Clark County Liquor and Gaming Licensing Board. Although the mortgaged property currently has the necessary liquor licenses to operate its entertainment venues, in the event any violation were to occur at any of the operations of the mortgaged property, the authorities in Nevada may, among other things, revoke the mortgaged property’s liquor license or registration. In addition, aspects of building suite design and adaptability affect the value of a theater. Because of the unique construction requirements of theaters, the space at those facilities would not easily be converted to other uses.

 

Risks Relating to Master Lease Structure.

 

The Bellagio Lease was entered into pursuant to a sale-leaseback transaction. Sale-leaseback transactions have certain risks, including the risk that in a bankruptcy of the tenant they may be recharacterized as a financing, which would cause the borrower to lose certain rights as the owner or landlord in the bankruptcy proceeding. See “Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases—Sale-Leaseback Transactions Have Special Risks.” The Bellagio Tenant is not a bankruptcy remote entity. A bankruptcy of the Bellagio Tenant, its lease guarantor or their affiliates could result in a loss of a substantial portion of the borrower’s rental revenue and materially and adversely affect the borrower. See “Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases—Tenant Bankruptcy Could Result in a Rejection of the Related Lease”.

 

The lender’s ability to exercise remedies under the mortgage loan if there is a Bellagio Lease event of default could be restricted by the Bellagio Lease. The Bellagio Tenant is permitted to encumber its leasehold interest pursuant to one or more mortgages and/or pledges of the direct or indirect equity interests in Bellagio Tenant, to secure the indebtedness of Bellagio Tenant and/or its direct or indirect parent entities or affiliates (each, a “Bellagio Tenant Loan”) and any lender under such indebtedness (a “Bellagio Tenant Loan Lender”) will have additional cure periods to cure certain defaults triggered by the Bellagio Tenant under the Bellagio Lease, including a default triggered by a bankruptcy proceeding of the Bellagio Tenant or the Bellagio Lease Guarantor, and to obtain a new lease. There could be a possible deterioration of the mortgaged property or its business or operations during this extended cure period. The ability of the borrower and the lender to terminate the Bellagio Lease as a result of a default by the Bellagio Tenant could be limited after a foreclosure initiated by a Bellagio Tenant Loan Lender since

 

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such Bellagio Tenant Loan Lender will not be required to cure defaults that are not susceptible to cure by such Bellagio Tenant Loan Lender upon its foreclosure and assumption of the Bellagio Lease. Furthermore, in the event of a foreclosure of the mortgage loan, the lender will be required to grant the Bellagio Tenant (or any Bellagio Tenant Loan Lender that succeeds to its interest) non-disturbance in the event that certain conditions are met, including that there is no uncured Bellagio Lease event of default.

 

The Bellagio Lease includes a cross default to defaults by the Bellagio Lease Guarantor under the Bellagio Lease Guaranty. However, if there has been a foreclosure of a Bellagio Tenant Loan and MGM remains as guarantor of the Bellagio Tenant’s monetary obligations under the Bellagio Lease, the borrower (and the lender after a foreclosure) would be required to permit the related Bellagio Tenant Loan Lender or the transferee of the Bellagio Tenant’s leasehold interest to remain as the tenant under the Bellagio Lease, even though the Bellagio Lease Guarantor was in default, including if the Bellagio Lease Guarantor was bankrupt.

 

In addition, the Bellagio Lease requires that the Bellagio Tenant maintain insurance for the mortgaged property. In the event of a casualty, notwithstanding that there is an event of default under the Bellagio Hotel and Casino mortgage loan, the lender would not be able to use the amounts to pay down the mortgage loan and would be required to make disbursements for restoration of the mortgaged property to the Bellagio Tenant so long as the Bellagio Tenant otherwise satisfies the conditions in the Bellagio Lease.

 

Notwithstanding that there is an event of default under the Bellagio Hotel and Casino mortgage loan, so long as there is no uncured Bellagio Lease event of default, the Bellagio Tenant will continue to have certain rights, including the rights to receive disbursements from alteration deposits, contest taxes or other charges or make permitted transfers. We cannot assure you that such rights of the Bellagio Tenant will not adversely affect your investment in the Certificates.

 

Any Failure to Protect the Trademarks and Other Intellectual Property Could Reduce the Value of the Property and Harm the Operation of the Mortgaged Property.

 

The collateral includes the collateral assignment of the rights of the borrower in (i) the security interest granted by the Bellagio Tenant to the borrower under the Bellagio Lease with respect to certain intellectual property exclusively related to the mortgaged property and owned by the Bellagio Tenant and (ii) the “Bellagio” brand and trademarks, including “BELLAGIO” and the stylized “B”, and associated copyrights pursuant to license agreement from Mirage Resorts, LLC (“Mirage”). The success of the operation of the mortgaged property depends in part on the borrower’s and the Bellagio Tenant’s continued ability to use this intellectual property and on adequate protection and enforcement of this intellectual property, as well as related brands, logos and branded merchandise, including to increase brand awareness and further develop the property’s brand.

 

The borrower, Bellagio Tenant and Mirage rely on registration and enforcement of a combination of service marks, copyrights, trademarks, domain names and other intellectual property rights to protect the “Bellagio” brand and other brands used in connection with the mortgaged property. Not all of the trademarks, copyrights, proprietary technology or other intellectual property rights used in the operation of the mortgaged property have been registered, and some of these trademarks and other intellectual property rights may never be registered. Despite the borrower’s, the Bellagio Tenant’s and Mirage’s efforts to protect their proprietary rights, third parties may infringe or otherwise violate such intellectual property rights, and use information that the borrower, the Bellagio Tenant and /or Mirage regard as proprietary, and their rights may be invalidated or rendered unenforceable.

 

Retail Properties Have Special Risks

 

The value of retail properties is significantly affected by the quality of the tenants as well as fundamental aspects of real estate, such as location and market demographics, as further described in “—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally“ and “—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases” above. The correlation between success of tenant business and a retail property’s value may be more direct with respect to retail properties than other types of commercial property because a component of the total rent paid by certain retail tenants is often tied to a percentage of gross sales.

 

Whether a retail property is “anchored”, “shadow anchored” or “unanchored” is also an important consideration. Retail properties that have anchor tenant-owned stores often have reciprocal easement and/or operating agreements (each, an “REA”) between the retail property owner and such anchor tenants containing certain operating and maintenance covenants. Although an anchor tenant is often required to pay a contribution toward common area maintenance and real estate taxes on the improvements and related real property, an anchor tenant that owns its own parcel does not pay rent. However, the presence or absence of an “anchor tenant” or a “shadow anchor tenant” in or near a retail property also can be important because anchors play a key role in generating customer traffic and making a retail property desirable for other tenants. Many of the retail properties that will secure one or more

 

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mortgage loans will also have shadow anchor tenants. An “anchor tenant” is located on the related mortgaged property, usually proportionately larger in size than most or all other tenants in the mortgaged property and is vital in attracting customers to a retail property. A “shadow anchor tenant” is usually proportionally larger in size than most tenants in the mortgaged property, is important in attracting customers to a retail property and is located sufficiently close and convenient to the mortgaged property so as to influence and attract potential customers, but is not located on the mortgaged property.

 

The economic performance of an anchored or shadow anchored retail property will consequently be adversely affected by:

 

 

an anchor tenant’s or shadow anchor tenant’s failure to renew its lease or the termination of an anchor tenant’s or shadow anchor tenant’s lease;

 

 

an anchor tenant’s or shadow anchor tenant’s decision to vacate;

 

 

the bankruptcy or economic decline of an anchor tenant, shadow anchor or self-owned anchor; or

 

 

the cessation of the business of an anchor tenant, a shadow anchor tenant or a self-owned anchor or a change in use or in the nature of its retail operations (notwithstanding its continued payment of rent).

 

If anchor stores in a mortgaged property were to close, the related borrower may be unable to replace those anchors in a timely manner or without suffering adverse economic consequences. In addition, it is common for anchor tenants and non-anchor tenants at anchored or shadow anchored retail centers to have co-tenancy clauses and/or operating covenants in their leases or operating agreements that permit those tenants or anchor stores to cease operating, reduce rent or terminate their leases if an anchor or shadow anchor tenant goes dark or otherwise is no longer in occupancy. Even if non-anchor tenants do not have termination or rent abatement rights, because the anchor or shadow anchor tenant plays a key role in generating customer traffic and making a center desirable for other tenants, the loss of an anchor tenant or a shadow anchor tenant may have a material adverse impact on the non-anchor tenant’s ability to operate, which may in turn adversely impact the borrower’s ability to meet its obligations under the related mortgage loan documents. In addition, in the event that a “shadow anchor” fails to renew its lease, terminates its lease or otherwise ceases to conduct business within a close proximity to the mortgaged property, customer traffic at the mortgaged property may be substantially reduced. If an anchor tenant goes dark, generally the borrower’s only remedy is to terminate that lease after the anchor tenant has been dark for a specified amount of time.

 

We cannot assure you that if anchor tenants or shadow anchor tenants at a particular mortgaged property were to close or otherwise become vacant or remain vacant, such anchor tenants or shadow anchor tenants, as applicable, would be replaced in a timely manner or, if part of the collateral for the related mortgage loan, without incurring material additional costs to the related borrower and resulting in adverse economic effects.

 

Certain of the tenants or anchor tenants of the retail properties may have operating covenants in their leases or operating agreements which permit those tenants or anchor tenants to cease operating, reduce rent or terminate their leases if the subject store is not meeting the minimum sales requirement or other business objective under its lease.

 

In addition, the limited adaptability of certain shopping malls that have proven unprofitable may result in high (and possibly extremely high) loss severities on mortgage loans secured by those shopping malls. For example, it is possible that a significant amount of advances made by the applicable servicer(s) of a mortgage loan secured by a shopping mall property, combined with low liquidation proceeds in respect of that property, may result in a loss severity exceeding 100% of the outstanding principal balance of that mortgage loan.

 

Certain anchor tenant and other tenant estoppels will have been obtained in connection with the origination of the mortgage loans that may identify disputes between the related borrower and the applicable anchor tenant or other tenant, or alleged defaults or potential defaults by the applicable property owner under the lease or REA. Such disputes, defaults or potential defaults, could lead to a termination or attempted termination of the applicable lease or REA by the anchor tenant or other tenant or to litigation against the related borrower. We cannot assure you that these anchor tenant and other tenant disputes will not have a material adverse effect on the ability of the related borrowers to repay their portion of the mortgage loan. In addition, we cannot assure you that the tenant estoppels obtained identify all potential disputes that may arise with the subject tenants or that potential disputes do not exist with tenants who did not provide estoppels prior to origination. We cannot assure you that the failure to have obtained related estoppel information will not have a material adverse effect on the related mortgage loans.

 

Rental payments from tenants of retail properties typically comprise the largest portion of the net operating income of those mortgaged properties. We cannot assure you that the rate of occupancy at the stores will remain at

 

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the levels described in this prospectus or that the net operating income contributed by the mortgaged properties will remain at the level specified in this prospectus or remain consistent with past levels.

 

Retail properties also face competition from sources outside a given real estate market. For example, all of the following compete with more traditional retail properties for consumer dollars: factory outlet centers, discount shopping centers and clubs, catalogue retailers, home shopping networks, internet websites, and telemarketing. Continued growth of these alternative retail outlets (which often have lower operating costs) could adversely affect the rents collectible at the retail properties included in the pool of mortgage loans, as well as the income from, and market value of, the mortgaged properties and the related borrower’s ability to refinance such property. Moreover, additional competing retail properties may be built in the areas where the retail properties are located.

 

Furthermore, commercial retail tenants having stores at multiple locations may experience adverse business conditions that result in their deciding to close under-performing stores. In addition, certain retail properties may have tenants that are part of national chains that have announced wide-spread store closures. We cannot assure you that any such store closings will not have a material adverse effect on the mortgaged properties that have any such stores as tenant.

 

Certain retail properties may receive a significant portion of income from billboard revenue. Such revenue is typically shorter term than tenant leases, and may be subject to reduction if there is increased competition for such revenue.

 

Certain retail properties may have one or more tenants that sell hemp derived cannabidiol-based products. The legality of certain cannabidiol-based products under federal, state and local laws is uncertain and, as to state and local laws, may vary based on jurisdiction. Retail leases typically require the tenant to comply with applicable law, and in such cases, any governmental action or definitive legal guidance restricting the possession or distribution of some or all cannabidiol-based products would require the affected tenants to cease possessing and/or distributing such products or otherwise be in breach of their respective leases.

 

Certain retail properties have specialty use tenants. See “—Some Mortgaged Properties May Not Be Readily Convertible to Alternative Uses” below.

 

See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Retail Properties”.

 

Mixed Use Properties Have Special Risks

 

Certain properties are mixed use properties. Such mortgaged properties are subject to the risks relating to the property types described in “—Office Properties Have Special Risks”, “—Retail Properties Have Special Risks”, “—Multifamily Properties Have Special Risks” and “—Self Storage Properties Have Special Risks”, as applicable. See Annex A-1 for the 5 largest tenants (by net rentable area leased) at the mixed use property. A mixed use property may be subject to additional risks, including the property manager’s inexperience in managing the different property types that comprise such mixed use property.

 

See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Mixed Use Properties”.

 

Industrial Properties Have Special Risks

 

In addition to the factors discussed in “—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally“ and “—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases” above, other factors may adversely affect the financial performance and value of industrial properties, including:

 

 

reduced demand for industrial space because of a decline in a particular industry segment;

 

 

the property becoming functionally obsolete;

 

 

building design and adaptability;

 

 

unavailability of labor sources;

 

 

changes in access, energy prices, strikes, relocation of highways, the construction of additional highways or other factors;

 

 

changes in proximity of supply sources;

 

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the expenses of converting a previously adapted space to general use; and

 

 

the location of the property.

 

Industrial properties may be adversely affected by reduced demand for industrial space occasioned by a decline in a particular industry segment in which the related tenant(s) conduct their businesses (for example, a decline in consumer demand for products sold by a tenant using the property as a distribution center). In addition, a particular industrial or warehouse property that suited the needs of its original tenant may be difficult to relet to another tenant or may become functionally obsolete relative to newer properties. Furthermore, lease terms with respect to industrial properties are generally for shorter periods of time and may result in a substantial percentage of leases expiring in the same year at any particular industrial property. In addition, mortgaged properties used for many industrial purposes are more prone to environmental concerns than other property types.

 

Aspects of building site design and adaptability affect the value of an industrial property. Site characteristics that are generally desirable to a warehouse/industrial property include high clear ceiling heights, wide column spacing, a large number of bays (loading docks) and large bay depths, divisibility, a layout that can accommodate large truck minimum turning radii and overall functionality and accessibility.

 

In addition, because of unique construction requirements of many industrial properties, any vacant industrial property space may not be easily converted to other uses. Thus, if the operation of any of the industrial properties becomes unprofitable due to competition, age of the improvements or other factors such that the borrower becomes unable to meet its obligations on the related mortgage loan, the liquidation value of that industrial property may be substantially less, relative to the amount owing on the related mortgage loan, than would be the case if the industrial property were readily adaptable to other uses.

 

Location is also important because an industrial property requires the availability of labor sources, proximity to supply sources and customers and accessibility to rail lines, major roadways and other distribution channels.

 

Further, certain of the industrial properties may have tenants that are subject to risks unique to their business, such as cold storage facilities. Cold storage facilities may have unique risks such as short lease terms due to seasonal use, making income potentially more volatile than for properties with longer term leases, and customized refrigeration design, rendering such facilities less readily convertible to alternative uses. Because of seasonal use, leases at such facilities are customarily for shorter terms, making income potentially more volatile than for properties with longer term leases. In addition, such facilities require customized refrigeration design, rendering them less readily convertible to alternative uses.

 

See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Industrial Properties”.

 

Self Storage Properties Have Special Risks

 

In addition to the factors discussed in “—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally” above, other factors may adversely affect the financial performance and value of self storage properties, including:

 

 

decreased demand;

 

 

lack of proximity to apartment complexes or commercial users;

 

 

apartment tenants moving to single family homes;

 

 

decline in services rendered, including security;

 

 

dependence on business activity ancillary to renting units;

 

 

security concerns;

 

 

age of improvements; or

 

 

competition or other factors.

 

Self storage properties are considered vulnerable to competition, because both acquisition costs and break-even occupancy are relatively low. The conversion of self storage facilities to alternative uses would generally require substantial capital expenditures. Thus, if the operation of any of the self storage properties becomes unprofitable, the

 

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liquidation value of that self storage mortgaged property may be substantially less, relative to the amount owing on the mortgage loan, than if the self storage mortgaged property were readily adaptable to other uses.

 

Tenants at self storage properties tend to require and receive privacy, anonymity and efficient access, each of which may heighten environmental and other risks related to such property as the borrower may be unaware of the contents in any self storage unit. No environmental assessment of a self storage mortgaged property included an inspection of the contents of the self storage units at that mortgaged property, and there is no assurance that all of the units included in the self storage mortgaged properties are free from hazardous substances or other pollutants or contaminants or will remain so in the future.

 

Certain mortgage loans secured by self storage properties may be affiliated with a franchise company through a franchise agreement. The performance of a self storage property affiliated with a franchise company may be affected by the continued existence and financial strength of the franchisor, the public perception of a service mark, and the duration of the franchise agreement. The transferability of franchise license agreements is restricted. In the event of a foreclosure, the lender or its agent would not have the right to use the franchise license without the franchisor’s consent. In addition, certain self storage properties may derive a material portion of revenue from business activities ancillary to self storage such as truck rentals, parking fees and similar activities which require special use permits or other discretionary zoning approvals. See Annex A-1 and the footnotes related thereto.

 

See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Self Storage Properties”.

 

Parking Garages and Parking Lots Have Special Risks

 

Certain properties may consist of parking garages, and certain retail, mixed use or office properties may be partially comprised of a parking garage. Parking garages and parking lots present risks not associated with other properties. The primary source of income for parking lots and garages is the rental fees charged for parking spaces. Factors affecting the success of a parking lot or garage include:

 

 

the number of rentable parking spaces and rates charged;

 

 

the location of the lot or garage and, in particular, its proximity to places where large numbers of

 

 

people work, shop or live;

 

 

the amount of alternative parking spaces in the area;

 

 

the availability of mass transit; and

 

 

the perceptions of the safety, convenience and services of the lot or garage.

 

Aspects of building site design and adaptability affect the value of a parking garage facility. Site characteristics that are valuable to a parking garage facility include location, clear ceiling heights, column spacing, zoning restrictions, number of spaces and overall functionality and accessibility.

 

In addition, because of the unique construction requirements of many parking garages and because a parking lot is often vacant paved land without any structure, a vacant parking garage facility or parking lot may not be easily converted to other uses.

 

In the case of parking garages or parking lots that are leased to a single operator, the sole source of income will be the lease to such operator. Accordingly, such properties will be subject to business risks associated with such operator. If the lease with the sole operator is terminated, the related borrower may be unable to find another operator that will lease the property at the same rate.

 

Cold Storage Properties Have Special Risks

 

In addition to the factors discussed in “—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally“ and “—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases” above, other factors may adversely affect the financial performance and value of industrial properties that operate as refrigerated distribution/warehouse facilities, which we refer to as “cold storage properties”.

 

Cold storage properties are part of the supply chain linking producers, distributors and retailers of refrigerated, frozen and perishable food products. These temperature-controlled warehouses are generally production facilities,

 

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distribution centers, “public” or port warehouses. Production warehouses typically serve one or a small number of tenants and customers and are generally used by food processors located nearby. The production warehouse tenants and customers store large quantities of ingredients or partially processed or finished products in the warehouses until they are shipped to the next stage of production or distributed to end-markets. Distribution center warehouses primarily store a wide variety of tenants’ and customers’ finished products until future shipment to end-users. Each distribution center is typically located in a key distribution hub that services the surrounding regional market. Distribution centers also include “retail” warehouses, which generally store finished products specifically for distribution to one or a small number of local or regional retailers. Public warehouses generally serve the needs of local and regional warehouse tenants and customers. Food manufacturers, processors and retailers use these warehouses to store capacity overflow from their production warehouses or to facilitate cost-effective distribution. Port warehouses primarily store goods that are being imported and exported.

 

Significant factors determining the value of cold storage properties include the quality and mix of customers, the location of the property, availability of labor sources, the age, design and construction quality of the facilities, energy costs, proximity to customers and accessibility of rail lines, major roadways and other distribution channels. Site characteristics which are valuable to such a property include high ceiling clear heights, wide column spacing, a large number of bays and large bay depths, divisibility, large minimum truck turning radii and overall functionality and accessibility. Warehousing sales can be seasonal, depending on the timing and availability of livestock, seafood and crops grown for frozen food production and the seasonal build-up of certain products for holiday consumption, and this seasonality can be expected to cause periodic fluctuations in a cold storage property’s revenues and operating expenses.

 

The food industry may be affected by outbreaks of diseases among crops or livestock that could have a negative effect on the supply of the affected products. Livestock diseases such as Asian bird flu may adversely affect consumer demand for related products. Declines in domestic consumption or foreign exports of various foods could lead to a reduced demand for cold storage facilities and negatively impact the related mortgaged properties.

 

The operator of the cold storage facilities has different arrangements with different customers, many of which do not require the customers to utilize any fixed amount of space at any particular time. However, certain customers agree to utilize a certain amount of space even if it is not fully used during a particular period. All of these agreements tend to be rolling arrangements with their consistent customer base. Although there can be no assurances that customers will continue to enter into their cold storage arrangements from one period to the next, in many cases a customer’s current cold storage provider has a competitive advantage due to the proximity to customer processing plants and familiarity with the logistical requirements for storing and transporting the customer’s products.

 

An interruption or reduction in demand for a customer’s products or a decline in a particular industry segment could result in a decrease of sales and overall profitability at a cold storage facility. A facility that suited the needs of its original customer may be difficult to relet to another customer, or may become functionally obsolete relative to newer properties. In addition, in certain locations, customers depend upon shipping products in pooled shipments with products of other customers going to the same markets. In these cases, the mix of customers in a cold storage property can significantly influence the cost of delivering products to markets.

 

Cold storage properties, in particular production facilities dedicated to a single customer, may not be easily convertible to an alternate use and if not used as a cold storage facility, the actual market value of such properties may be substantially lower than its current appraised value.

 

Cold storage properties are also subject to certain risks specific to industrial and logistics properties. See “—Industrial Properties Have Special Risks”.

 

Mortgaged Properties Leased to Startup Companies Have Special Risks

 

Certain mortgaged properties may have tenants that are startup companies. Startup companies are new companies that are seeking to develop a scalable business model. Startup companies have heightened risks. Many startup companies do not generate positive cash flow, and may in fact experience significant negative cash flow. Startup companies that operate at a loss may experience rapid growth through venture capital investments; however, if the source of funding loses confidence in the business model, or is unwilling or unable to continue funding for other reasons, the startup company may be faced with significant losses and be without a source of funding to continue its business or pay its obligations. Furthermore, valuations based on venture capital investment may rapidly decline. Many startups may produce only a single product or service, and therefore face a binary risk of failure if such product or service does not find market acceptance, meets with competition or is otherwise unsuccessful. Further, startup companies may be run by founders who lack significant business or finance experience. Startup companies generally have a low success rate. Accordingly, mortgaged properties leased to startup companies face the risk that the tenant may be unable to pay rent under its lease and may default on its lease.

 

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Cooperatively-Owned Apartment Buildings Have Special Risks

 

Some multifamily properties are owned or leased by cooperative corporations. In general, each shareholder in the corporation is entitled to occupy a particular apartment unit under a long-term proprietary lease or occupancy agreement.

 

A tenant/shareholder of a cooperative corporation must make a monthly maintenance payment to the corporation. The monthly maintenance payment represents a tenant/shareholder’s pro rata share of the corporation’s—

 

 

mortgage loan payments,

 

 

real property taxes,

 

 

maintenance expenses, and

 

 

other capital and ordinary expenses of the property.

 

These monthly maintenance payments are in addition to any payments of principal and interest the tenant/shareholder must make on any loans of the tenant/shareholder secured by its shares in the corporation.

 

A cooperative corporation is directly responsible for building maintenance and payment of real estate taxes and hazard and liability insurance premiums. A cooperative corporation’s ability to meet debt service obligations on a mortgage loan secured by, and to pay all other operating expenses of, the cooperatively owned property depends primarily upon the receipt of—

 

 

maintenance payments from the tenant/shareholders, and

 

 

any rental income from units or commercial space that the cooperative corporation might control.

 

A cooperative corporation may have to impose special assessments on the tenant/shareholders in order to pay unanticipated expenditures. Accordingly, a cooperative corporation is highly dependent on the financial well-being of its tenant/shareholders. A cooperative corporation’s ability to pay the amount of any balloon payment due at the maturity of a mortgage loan secured by the cooperatively owned property depends primarily on its ability to refinance the property. Additional factors likely to affect the economic performance of a cooperative corporation include—

 

 

the failure of the corporation to qualify for favorable tax treatment as a “cooperative housing corporation” each year, which may reduce the cash flow available to make debt service payments on a mortgage loan secured by cooperatively owned property; and

 

 

the possibility that, upon foreclosure, if the cooperatively owned property becomes a rental property, certain units could be subject to rent control, stabilization and tenants’ rights laws, at below market rents, which may affect rental income levels and the marketability and sale proceeds of the ensuing rental property as a whole.

 

In a typical cooperative conversion plan, the owner of a rental apartment building contracts to sell the building to a newly formed cooperative corporation. Shares are allocated to each apartment unit by the owner or sponsor. The current tenants have a specified period to subscribe at prices discounted from the prices to be offered to the public after that period. As part of the consideration for the sale, the owner or sponsor receives all the unsold shares of the cooperative corporation. In general the sponsor controls the corporation’s board of directors and management for a limited period of time. If the sponsor of the cooperative corporation holds the shares allocated to a large number of apartment units, the lender on a mortgage loan secured by a cooperatively owned property may be adversely affected by a decline in the creditworthiness of that sponsor.

 

Many cooperative conversion plans are non-eviction plans. Under a non-eviction plan, a tenant at the time of conversion who chooses not to purchase shares is entitled to reside in its apartment unit as a subtenant from the owner of the shares allocated to that unit. Any applicable rent control or rent stabilization laws would continue to be applicable to the subtenancy. In addition, the subtenant may be entitled to renew its lease for an indefinite number of years with continued protection from rent increases above those permitted by any applicable rent control and rent stabilization laws. The owner/shareholder is responsible for the maintenance payments to the cooperative corporation without regard to whether it receives rent from the subtenant or whether the rent payments are lower than maintenance payments on the unit. Newly-formed cooperative corporations typically have the greatest concentration of non-tenant/ shareholders.

 

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In addition to the factors discussed in “—Risks of Commercial, Multifamily and Manufactured Housing Community Lending Generally“ and “—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases” above, other factors may adversely affect the financial performance and value of residential cooperative properties, including:

 

 

the ability of tenants to remain in a cooperative property after its conversion from a rental property, at below market rents and subject to applicable law, including rent regulation, rent stabilization and rent control laws;

 

 

the primary dependence of a borrower upon maintenance payments and any rental income from units or commercial areas to meet debt service obligations and the discretion afforded to the cooperative board of directors to establish maintenance charges payable by tenant-shareholders;

 

 

the concentration of shares relating to units of the sponsor, owner or investor after conversion from rental housing, which may result in an inability to meet debt service obligations on the corporation’s mortgage loan if the sponsor, owner or investor is unable to make the required maintenance payments;

 

 

the failure of a borrower to qualify for favorable tax treatment as a “cooperative housing corporation” in any one or more years, which may reduce the cash flow available to make payments on the related mortgage loan; and

 

 

that, upon foreclosure, in the event a residential cooperative property becomes a rental property, all or certain units at that rental property could be subject to rent regulation, rent stabilization or rent control laws, at below market rents, which may affect rental income levels and the marketability and sale proceeds of the rental property as a whole.

 

The value and successful operation of a residential cooperative property may be impacted by the same factors which may impact the economic performance of a multifamily property. See “—Multifamily Properties Have Special Risks”.

 

With respect to each mortgage loan held by the issuing entity that is secured by a residential cooperative property due to attributes particular to residential housing cooperatives, certain information presented with respect to such mortgage loans differs from that presented for other mortgage loans included in the trust. Several of these differences are particularly relevant to your consideration of an investment in the offered certificates. In particular, the manner in which loan-to-value ratios, debt service coverage ratios and debt yields are calculated for each mortgage loan secured by a residential cooperative property sold to the trust differs from the manner in which such calculations are made for other mortgage loans included in the trust. With respect to residential cooperative properties, the “Appraised Value” does not constitute a market value, and should not be considered to be the value that would be realized following a foreclosure of a mortgage loan secured by a residential cooperative property. Upon a foreclosure of a mortgage loan secured by a residential cooperative property, it is likely that the operation of such mortgaged property as a residential cooperative property would terminate, and it is likely that the mortgaged property would be operated and sold as a multifamily rental property. A residential cooperative property is also valued as a multifamily rental property to determine a “Coop-Rental Value” as set forth on Annex A-1. The value of a residential cooperative property as a multifamily rental property is the value estimate reflected in an appraisal of such residential cooperative property and, in general, is derived by applying an appropriate capitalization rate (as determined by the appraiser) to the Underwritten Net Cash Flow for such residential cooperative property. In certain instances, the appraiser may have made adjustments to increase or decrease such capitalized value as deemed appropriate by the appraiser (for example, the appraiser may have reduced such capitalized value to reflect the cost of completing material deferred maintenance or may have increased such capitalized value to reflect the existence of certain tax abatements or incentives). Certain residential cooperative mortgaged properties may have a substantial number of units that are owned by the related cooperative sponsor or an investor, and leased by it to rental tenants, which units are currently subject to rent regulation, rent stabilization or rent control laws and are expected to continue to be subject to such laws following a foreclosure, and accordingly the rental income that can be expected to be earned from such units (and any other units that are or become subject to such laws) will be limited by the provisions of such laws. In addition, to the extent that other units at a residential cooperative mortgaged property were subject to rent regulation, rent stabilization or rent control laws prior to the conversion to a cooperative (which is likely to be the case if sponsor or investor held units are subject to such laws), if the related residential cooperative mortgage loan were to be foreclosed, such units would again be subject to rent regulation, rent stabilization or rent control laws. However, the “Coop-Rental Value” Appraised Value of each residential cooperative mortgaged property assumes that if the mortgaged property were operated as a multifamily rental property, all units (other than, in some cases, sponsor or investor held units that are subject to rent regulation, rent stabilization or rent control laws) will be rented at market rates. In addition, for purposes of determining the debt service coverage ratio and debt yield for a mortgage loan secured by a residential cooperative property and for the purpose of determining the value for a residential

 

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cooperative property as a multifamily rental property, the underwritten net cash flow for a residential cooperative property and the underwritten net operating income for a residential cooperative property are determined by the appraiser and, in general, equal projected operating income at the property assuming such property is operated as a rental property with rents and other income set at prevailing market rates (but taking into account the presence of existing rent regulated, rent stabilized or rent controlled rental tenants), reduced by underwritten property operating expenses and a market-rate vacancy assumption and, in the case of underwritten net cash flow, further reduced by projected replacement reserves, in each case as determined by the appraiser. However, the projected rental income used in such determinations may differ materially from the scheduled monthly maintenance payments from the tenant-stockholders upon which residential cooperatives depend. The loan-to-value ratios, debt service coverage ratios and debt yields presented herein with respect to any mortgage loan secured by a residential cooperative property may differ from the loan-to-value ratios, debt service coverage ratios and debt yields that would have been determined for any such mortgage loan secured by a residential cooperative property had a different methodology (including the methodology used for calculating such values with respect to the other mortgage loans sold to the depositor) been used. Each mortgage loan secured by a residential cooperative property is permitted to obtain subordinate secured or unsecured debt, which secured subordinate debt can be in the form of a second priority lien on the applicable residential cooperative property.

 

With respect to any mortgage loan secured by residential cooperative property, each such mortgaged property is owned by the borrower, which is a cooperative housing corporation. No individual or entity (other than the borrower) has recourse obligations with respect to the loans, including pursuant to any guaranty or environmental indemnity. In addition, with respect to information presented in Annex A-1 with respect to any mortgage loan secured by a residential cooperative property: (1) Coop – Sponsor Units refers to the number of units owned by the original sponsor responsible for the mortgaged property’s conversion into cooperative ownership; such sponsor may rent its units or opt to market them for sale (either individually or as a whole); (2) Coop – Investor Units refers to a bulk number of units owned by a non-tenant investor(s), who can rent or sell the units; (3) Coop – Coop Units refers to the number of units owned by the borrower, which is a cooperative corporation (in this capacity, the cooperative may manage its units as an investor would or use the units for the benefit of its cooperative members); (4) Coop – Unsold Percent refers to the ratio of the total number of units collectively owned by the original sponsor, a non-tenant investor or the cooperative corporation to the number of units with shares allocated; and (5) Coop – Sponsor/Investor Carry is the sponsor’s or the investor’s net cash flow calculated by subtracting maintenance charges on the sponsor or investor owned units from the actual rents payable on such units, to the extent available.

 

In addition, due to the specialized nature of residential housing cooperatives, certain information presented in and shown on Annex A-1 with respect to mortgage loans (other than such mortgage loans secured by residential cooperative properties) is not presented with respect to any mortgage loan secured by a residential cooperative property sold to the depositor for inclusion in the trust and is, instead, reflected as not applicable (N/A or NAP).

 

In addition, mortgage loans secured by residential cooperative properties are uniquely structured and, in certain cases, permit the borrower to incur unsecured loans or loans that are secured, on a subordinated basis, by a mortgage lien on a mortgaged property that also secures the mortgage loan included in the trust. In addition, each mortgage loan secured by a residential cooperative property permits cooperative unit loans that are secured by direct equity interests in the related borrower. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Additional Indebtedness—Other Unsecured Indebtedness” and “Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Foreclosure—Cooperative Shares”.

 

Certain of the residential cooperative properties securing mortgage loans included in the trust may be operated as limited equity cooperatives in which eligible members purchase shares at below market prices and are subject to various restrictions, including restrictions on the sale price for which units may be re-sold and/or restrictions upon the income or other characteristics of purchasers of such units. Such restrictions may negatively impact the value and operation of such a mortgaged property.

 

In addition, some residential cooperative properties are also subject to government rent regulation, rent stabilization or rent control regulations that limit the rental payments payable by subtenants of unit owners and which would be applicable to such properties in whole or in part if the same were operated as a multifamily rental property. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types”.

 

Condominium Ownership May Limit Use and Improvements

 

The management and operation of a condominium is generally controlled by a condominium board representing the owners of the individual condominium units, subject to the terms of the related condominium rules or by-laws. Generally, the consent of a majority of the board members is required for any actions of the condominium board and a unit owner’s ability to control decisions of the board are generally related to the number of units owned by such owner as a percentage of the total number of units in the condominium. In certain cases, the related borrower does

 

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not have a majority of votes on the condominium board, which result in the related borrower not having control of the related condominium or owners association.

 

The board of managers or directors of the related condominium generally has discretion to make decisions affecting the condominium, and we cannot assure you that the related borrower under a mortgage loan secured by one or more interests in that condominium will have any control over decisions made by the related board of managers or directors. Even if a borrower or its designated board members, either through control of the appointment and voting of sufficient members of the related condominium board or by virtue of other provisions in the related condominium documents, has consent rights over actions by the related condominium associations or owners, we cannot assure you that the related condominium board will not take actions that would materially adversely affect the related borrower’s unit. Thus, decisions made by that board of managers or directors, including regarding assessments to be paid by the unit owners, insurance to be maintained on the condominium and many other decisions affecting the maintenance of that condominium, may have a significant adverse impact on the related mortgage loans in the issuing entity that are secured by mortgaged properties consisting of such condominium interests. We cannot assure you that the related board of managers or directors will always act in the best interests of the related borrower under the related mortgage loans.

 

The condominium board is generally responsible for administration of the affairs of the condominium, including providing for maintenance and repair of common areas, adopting rules and regulations regarding common areas, and obtaining insurance and repairing and restoring the common areas of the property after a casualty. Notwithstanding the insurance and casualty provisions of the related mortgage loan documents, the condominium board may have the right to control the use of casualty proceeds.

 

In addition, the condominium board generally has the right to assess individual unit owners for their share of expenses related to the operation and maintenance of the common elements. In the event that an owner of another unit fails to pay its allocated assessments, the related borrower may be required to pay such assessments in order to properly maintain and operate the common elements of the property. Although the condominium board generally may obtain a lien against any unit owner for common expenses that are not paid, such lien generally is extinguished if a lender takes possession pursuant to a foreclosure. Each unit owner is responsible for maintenance of its respective unit and retains essential operational control over its unit.

 

In addition, due to the nature of condominiums, a default on the part of the borrower with respect to mortgaged properties consisting of condominium units will not allow the special servicer the same flexibility in realizing on the collateral as-is generally available with respect to commercial properties that are not condominium units. The rights of other unit or property owners, the documents governing the management of the condominium units and the state and local laws applicable to condominium units must be considered. In addition, in the event of a casualty with respect to a condominium, due to the possible existence of multiple loss payees on any insurance policy covering such property, there could be a delay in the allocation of related insurance proceeds, if any. Consequently, servicing and realizing upon collateral consisting of condominium units described above could subject the certificateholders to a greater delay, expense and risk than with respect to a mortgage loan secured by a commercial property that is not a condominium unit.

 

Certain condominium declarations and/or local laws provide for the withdrawal of a property from a condominium structure under certain circumstances. For example, the New York Condominium Act provides for a withdrawal of the property from a condominium structure by vote of 80% of unit owners. If the condominium is terminated, the building will be subject to an action for partition by any unit owner or lienor as if owned in common. This could cause an early and unanticipated prepayment of the mortgage loan. We cannot assure you that the proceeds from partition would be sufficient to satisfy borrower’s oblig