On November 5, 2021, we acquired 100% of the outstanding ownership interests in Eyeota, a global online and offline data onboarding and transformation company, for a purchase price of $172.4 million in cash, inclusive of $0.1 million of net working capital adjustment. The acquisition was funded by borrowing from our revolving facility.

The acquisition was accounted for in accordance with ASC 805, as a purchase transaction, and accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the entity were recorded at their estimated fair values at the date of the acquisition. We have included the financial results of Eyeota in our consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date. Transaction costs of $3.0 million were included in selling and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2021. We allocated goodwill and intangible assets to our North America segment.


	Amortization life (years)	Initial purchase price allocation at December 31, 2022		Measurement Period Adjustments		Final Purchase Price Allocation at December 31, 2022
Cash		$	7.1	$	—	$	7.1
Accounts receivable		9.3		—		9.3
Other		0.5		—		0.5
Total current assets		16.9		—		16.9
Intangible assets:
Customer relationships	14	20.0		—		20.0
Technology	5	14.0		—		14.0
Trademark	2	1.0		—		1.0
Goodwill	Indefinite	138.3		0.2		138.5

Total assets acquired		$	190.2	$	0.2	$	190.4
Deferred tax liability		5.9		—		5.9
Other liabilities		12.0		0.1		12.1
Total liabilities assumed		17.9		0.1		18.0
Total purchase price		$	172.3	$	0.1	$	172.4

The fair value of the customer relationships intangible asset was determined by applying the income approach through a discounted cash flow analysis, specifically a multi-period excess earnings method. The valuation was based on the present value of the net earnings attributable to the measured assets.

The technology intangible asset represents Eyeota's data supply and service platform to deliver customer services and solutions. We applied the income approach to value technology intangible assets, specifically, a relief from royalty method. The valuation was based on the present value of the net earnings attributable to the measured assets.

The intangible assets, with useful lives from two years to 14 years, are being amortized over a weighted-average useful life of 10.1 years. Intangible assets are amortized using a straight-line method. The amortization methods reflect the timing of the benefits derived from each of the intangible assets.

The fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities were subject to change within the one-year measurement period. We obtained information to determine the fair values of the net assets acquired at the acquisition date during the measurement period. Since the initial valuation reflected in our financial results as of November 5, 2021, we have adjusted fair value for certain liabilities based on updated information. The measurement period adjustments to the preliminary valuation of assets and liabilities resulted in a net increase of goodwill of $0.2 million during 2022. We have completed the purchase accounting process in the quarter ended December 31, 2022.

On November 15, 2021, we acquired 100% of the outstanding ownership interests in NetWise, a provider of business to business and business to consumer identity graph and audience targeting data, for a purchase price of $69.8 million of which $62.9 million was paid upon the close of the transaction and the remaining $6.9 million will be paid no later than 19 months after the transaction closing date, subject to net working capital adjustment. The transaction was funded by cash on hand. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we made a net working capital adjustment of $0.4 million.

The acquisition was accounted for in accordance with ASC 805, as a purchase transaction, and accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the entity were recorded at their estimated fair values at the date of the acquisition. We have included the financial results of NetWise in our consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date. Transaction costs of $0.4 million were included in selling and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2021. We allocated goodwill and intangible assets to our North America segment.


	Amortization life (years)	Initial purchase price allocation at December 31, 2021		Measurement Period Adjustments		Final Purchase Price Allocation at December 31, 2022
Cash		$	2.6	$	—	$	2.6
Accounts receivable		2.6		—		2.6
Other		0.4		—		0.4
Total current assets		5.6		—		5.6
Intangible assets:
Customer relationships	15	19.8		—		19.8
Technology	5	1.3		—		1.3
Trademark	2	0.2		—		0.2
Database	3	2.2		—		2.2
Goodwill	Indefinite	41.9		3.6		45.5


Total assets acquired		$	71.0	$	3.6	$	74.6
Total liabilities assumed		1.2		3.2		4.4
Total purchase price		$	69.8	$	0.4	$	70.2

The database intangible asset represents business and consumer data collected and managed by NetWise. The technology intangible asset represents NetWise's data supply and service platform to deliver customer services and solutions. We applied the income approach to value database and technology intangible assets, specifically, a relief from royalty method. The valuation was based on the present value of the net earnings attributable to the measured assets.

The intangible assets, with useful lives from two years to 15 years, are being amortized over a weighted-average useful life of 13.2 years. Intangible assets are amortized using a straight-line method. The amortization methods reflect the timing of the benefits derived from each of the intangible assets.

The fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities were subject to change within the one-year measurement period. We obtained information to determine the fair values of the net assets acquired at the acquisition date during the measurement period. Since the initial valuation reflected in our financial results as of November 15, 2021, we have adjusted fair value for certain liabilities based on updated information. The measurement period adjustments to the preliminary valuation of assets and liabilities resulted in a net increase of goodwill of $3.6 million since the acquisition date. We have completed the purchase accounting process in the quarter ended December 31, 2022.

On January 8, 2021, we acquired 100% ownership of Bisnode, a leading European data and analytics firm and long-standing member of the Dun & Bradstreet WWN alliances, for a total purchase price of $805.8 million. The transaction closed with a combination of cash of $646.9 million and 6,237,087 newly issued shares of common stock of the Company in a private placement valued at $158.9 million based on the stock closing price on January 8, 2021. The transaction was partially funded by the proceeds from the $300 million borrowing from the Incremental Term Loan.

The acquisition was accounted for in accordance with ASC 805 "Business Combinations," as a purchase transaction, and accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the entity were recorded at their estimated fair values at the date of the acquisition. We have included the financial results of Bisnode in our consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date. We had finalized purchase accounting as of December 31, 2021.


	Weighted average amortization period (years)	Initial purchase price allocation at March 31, 2021		Measurement period adjustment		Final purchase price allocation at December 31, 2021
Cash		$	29.9	$	—	$	29.9
Accounts receivable		61.0		—		61.0
Other current assets		13.1		—		13.1
Total current assets		104.0		—		104.0
Property, plant & equipment		3.5		—		3.5
Intangible assets:
Reacquired right	15	271.0		(1.0)		270.0
Database	12	116.0		(5.0)		111.0
Customer relationships	10	106.0		2.0		108.0
Technology	14	65.0		(1.0)		64.0
Goodwill	Indefinite	488.4		7.0		495.4
Right of use asset		26.7		0.7		27.4
Other		5.2		(2.3)		2.9
Total assets acquired		$	1,185.8	$	0.4	$	1,186.2

Accounts payable		$	17.5	$	—	$	17.5
Deferred revenue (1)		80.6		—		80.6
Accrued payroll		20.7		—		20.7
Accrued income tax and other tax liabilities		17.1		—		17.1
Short-term lease liability		8.4		0.2		8.6
Other current liabilities		23.7		—		23.7
Total current liabilities		168.0		0.2		168.2
Long-term pension and postretirement obligations		65.4		—		65.4
Deferred tax liability		127.6		0.2		127.8
Long-term lease liability		18.2		—		18.2
Other liabilities		0.8		—		0.8
Total liabilities assumed		$	380.0	$	0.4	$	380.4
Total consideration		$	805.8	$	—	$	805.8

(1)In the fourth quarter of 2021, we early adopted ASU No. 2021-08, "Business Combinations (Topic 805) Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers," retrospectively to all business combinations during 2021. As a result, acquired deferred revenue balances were measured based on the guidance of ASC 606.

The fair value of the reacquired right intangible asset primarily related to rights that were previously granted to Bisnode under the WWN agreement, including rights to sell certain products under the D&B brand name and the right to access D&B database and technology platform. The fair value of reacquired right intangible asset was determined by applying the

income approach; specifically, utilizing a multi-period excess earnings method. In addition, as a result of the Bisnode acquisition, we reclassified the net book value of previously recognized WWN relationships intangible asset related to the Bisnode relationship of $64.7 million to reacquired right, which is amortized over 15 years, together with the above-mentioned newly recognized reacquired right.

The database intangible asset represents business and consumer data collected and managed by Bisnode. The technology intangible asset represents Bisnode's data supply and service platform to deliver customer services and solutions. We applied the income approach to value database and technology intangible assets, specifically, a relief from royalty method. The valuation was based on the present value of the net earnings attributable to the measured assets.

The fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities were subject to change within the one-year measurement period. We obtained information to determine the fair values of the net assets acquired at the acquisition date during the measurement period. Since the initial valuation reflected in our financial results as of March 31, 2021, we have adjusted fair value for certain intangible assets based on updated information. An asset and liability was recognized for favorable and unfavorable lease terms, respectively, during the measurement period. In addition, we recorded adjustments to the deferred tax liability reflecting the changes of intangible asset fair value. The above measurement period adjustments to the preliminary valuation of assets and liabilities resulted in a net increase of goodwill of $7.0 million during 2021. We have completed the purchase accounting process as of December 31, 2021.

The intangible assets, with useful lives from 6 to 15 years, are being amortized over a weighted-average useful life of 13.6 years. The customer relationship, technology and database intangible assets are primarily amortized using an accelerating method. Reacquired right is amortized using a straight-line method. The amortization methods reflect the timing of the benefits derived from each of the intangible assets.


	Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2020
Reported revenue	$	2,165.6	$	1,738.7
Pro forma adjustments:
Pre-acquisition revenue:
Bisnode	4.6		400.0
Eyeota	31.5		31.5
NetWise	8.4		6.8
Adjustments to Bisnode's pre-acquisition revenue related to revenue received from Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc.	—		(21.0)
Adjustments to Dun & Bradstreet's revenue related to revenue received from Bisnode	—		(43.0)
Total pro forma revenue	$	2,210.1	$	2,113.0

Reported net income (loss) attributable to Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc.	$	(71.7)	$	(180.6)
Pro forma adjustments - net of tax effect:
Pre-acquisition net income:
Bisnode	0.8		57.2
Eyeota	(0.3)		(0.3)
NetWise	(1.2)		1.2
Intangible amortization - net of tax benefits	(1.1)		(56.8)
Write off related to pre-existing relationship - net of tax benefits	2.3		(2.3)
Transaction costs - net of tax benefits	3.0		3.5
Pro forma net income (loss) attributable to Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc.	$	(68.2)	$	(178.1)

On January 7, 2020 we acquired a 100% equity interest in Orb Intelligence (“Orb”) for a purchase price of $11.6 million. Orb Intelligence offers a high quality, global database of information, with a focus on building a digital view of businesses' presence.

On March 11, 2020, we acquired substantially all of the assets of coAction.com for a purchase price of $9.6 million, of which $4.8 million was paid upon the close of the transaction and the remaining $4.8 million was paid on September 11, 2020. coAction.com is a leader in revenue cycle management in the Order-to-Cash process, serving mid to large size companies across multiple industries.

The acquisitions were accounted for in accordance with ASC 805, as purchase transactions, and accordingly, the assets and liabilities of both entities were recorded at their estimated fair values at the respective dates of the acquisitions. Transaction costs of $0.2 million were included in selling and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2020. We have included the financial results of Orb and coAction.com in our consolidated financial statements since their respective acquisition dates, and the results from each of these companies were not individually or in the aggregate material to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020. We allocated goodwill and intangible assets to our North America segment and completed the purchase accounting process as of December 31, 2020.


	Amortization life (years)	Initial purchase price allocation at March 31, 2020		Measurement period adjustments		Final purchase price allocation at December 31, 2020
Cash		$	0.5	$	—	$	0.5
Accounts receivable		0.3		—		0.3
Other		0.2		0.1		0.3
Total current assets		1.0		0.1		1.1
Intangible assets:
Customer relationships	7	2.4		—		2.4
Technology	11	6.8		—		6.8
Goodwill	Indefinite	10.7		0.2		10.9
Deferred tax asset		0.4		—		0.4

Total assets acquired		$	21.3	$	0.3	$	21.6
Total liabilities assumed		0.2		0.2		0.4
Total purchase price		$	21.1	$	0.1	$	21.2

The fair value of the customer relationships intangible assets was determined by applying the income approach through a discounted cash flow analysis, specifically a multi-period excess earnings method. The valuation was based on the present value of the net earnings attributable to the measured assets.

The value of the goodwill is primarily related to the acquired businesses’ capability associated with product development which provides opportunity to expand our products and services offerings as well as cost synergy generated from the combined business. The intangible assets are amortized using a straight-line method. The amortization method reflects the timing of the benefits derived from each of the intangible assets.