Schedule of Common Stock Outstanding Roll Forward

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of the issued and outstanding shares by class is as follows:


	Issued and Outstanding
	Subordinate Voting Shares	Multiple Voting Shares	Super Voting Shares
As at January 1, 2020	128,999,964	373,350	402,289
Issuance of shares under business combinations and investments	1,752,065	—	—
Distribution of contingent consideration	2,713,463	—	—
Distribution of deferred shares	1,220,548	—	—
Issuance of shares upon exercise of options and warrants	171,813	—	—
Issuances of shares upon vesting of RSUs	923,468	—	—
Exchange of shares	42,331,900	(333,061)	(90,258)
As at December 31, 2020	178,113,221	40,289	312,031

As at January 1, 2021	178,113,221	40,289	312,031
Issuance of shares under business combinations and investments	12,904,675	—	—
Distribution of contingent consideration	881,357	—	—
Distribution of deferred shares	222,467	—	—
Issuance of common shares pursuant to S-1	4,693,991	—	—
Issuance of shares for redemption of noncontrolling interests	136,075	—	—
Issuance of shares upon exercise of options and warrants	1,302,682	—	—
Issuances of shares upon vesting of RSUs	389,530	—	—
Shares issued in association with notes payable	8,514	—	—
Shares issued for settlement of business dispute	240,000	—	—
Exchange of shares	2,875,800	(1,758)	(27,000)
As at December 31, 2021	201,768,312	38,531	285,031

As at January 1, 2022	201,768,312	38,531	285,031
Issuance of shares under business combinations and investments	204,036	—	—
Distribution of contingent consideration	667,080	—	—
Issuance of shares upon exercise of options and warrants	441,454	—	—
Issuances of shares upon vesting of RSUs	433,341	—	—
Shares issued for settlement of business obligation	142,952	—	—
Exchange of shares	3,334,100	—	(33,341)
As at December 31, 2022	206,991,275	38,531	251,690

Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions

The Company used the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model to estimate the fair value of the options granted during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, using the following ranges of assumptions:


	December 31,	December 31,
	2022	2021
Risk-free interest rate	1.18% - 3.54%	0.33% - 1.39%
Expected dividend yield	0%	0%
Expected volatility	60 - 64%	73%
Expected option life	3 – 4.5 years	3 – 3.5 years

Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was as follows:


		Years Ended December 31,
		2022		2021		2020
		(in thousands)
Stock options expense	$	19,062	$	13,198	$	10,938
Restricted Stock Units		8,078		6,402		8,399
Total Stock Based Compensation Expense	$	27,140	$	19,600	$	19,337

Disclosure of Share Capital [Line Items]

Summary Of Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value And Intrinsic Value Of Options Exercised

The following table summarizes the weighted average grant date fair value of RSUs granted and total fair value of RSUs vested for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:


		Years Ended December 31,
		2022		2021		2020
Weighted average grant date fair value (per share) of RSUs granted	$	17.84	$	27.82	$	10.25