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Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Fair value measurements are based on the premise that fair value represents an exit price representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the following three-tier fair value hierarchy has been used in determining the inputs used in measuring fair value:

•Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities on the reporting date.

•Level 2 — Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets (Level 1), that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

•Level 3 — Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the entity to develop its own assumptions

Financial instruments

Certain financial instruments which are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable, which approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. The financial instrument that potentially subjects the Company to concentrations of credit risk consists primarily of accounts receivable.

Cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2022 included money market funds of $250.0 million, which were valued based on Level 1 measurements using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. Our cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2021 did not include money market funds.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company's carrying amount and fair value of long-term debt consisted of the following:


	As of December 31,
	2022				2021
(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Liabilities:
Term Loan B, net of discount	1,297,309		1,113,091		1,308,824		1,294,312
5.750% Notes, net of discount	1,163,793		775,086		1,300,000		1,245,436
5.50% Senior Secured Notes	1,050,000		823,200		1,050,000		1,029,680
Senior Convertible PIK Notes, net of discount	1,276,400		841,148		1,272,285		1,245,958
Finance lease obligations	45		45		71		71
Total Liabilities	$	4,787,547	$	3,552,570	$	4,931,180	$	4,815,457

As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of long-term debt, including current maturities of finance lease obligations, was obtained using quoted prices in active markets. As such, this is considered a Level 1 fair value measurement.

As of December 31, 2021, we estimated the fair value of long-term debt, including current maturities of finance lease obligations, based on estimates using present value techniques that were significantly affected by the assumptions used concerning the amount and timing of estimated future cash flows and discount rates that reflect varying degrees of risk. Assumptions included interest rates currently available for instruments with similar terms as well as the five, seven, and eight-year Treasury bill rates. As such, this was considered a Level 2 fair value measurement.

Recurring fair value measurements

Prior to the Transactions, we measured our 2016 Class B Unit Incentive Plan at fair market value on a recurring basis. The fair value of the stock-based compensation awards was determined based on significant inputs not observable in the market which would represent a level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The Company uses a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the fair value of the stock-based compensation awards. See Note 15 Stock-Based Compensation for further information.

The Private Placement Warrants and Unvested Founder Shares are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair value of these instruments was determined based on significant inputs not observable in the market which would represent a level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The Company uses an option pricing simulation to estimate the fair value of these instruments.

Non-recurring fair value measurements

We also measure certain non-financial assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, primarily goodwill and long-lived tangible and intangible assets, in connection with periodic evaluations for potential impairment. We estimate the fair value of these assets using primarily unobservable inputs and, as such, these are considered Level 3 fair value measurements. There were

impairment charges for these assets of $662.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and no impairment charges for these assets for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Our non-marketable equity securities using the measurement alternative are adjusted to fair value on a non-recurring basis. Adjustments are made when observable transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer occur, or due to impairment. These securities are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy because we estimate the value based on valuation methods using the observable transaction price at the transaction date. At December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of these alternative investments, recorded under Other assets, net in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, was $15.0 million. There were no write-ups due to observable price changes or write-downs due to impairment in the current period.

For additional information related to goodwill, intangible assets, long-lived assets and impairments, see Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 8 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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