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Note 2 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Notes to Financial Statements  
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]
NOTE
2.
Basis of Presentation
and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Presentation.
In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim condensed consolidated and combined financial statements of the Company as of
September 30, 2020
and for the period from
August 22, 2020
through
September 30, 2020 (
Successor),
July 1, 2020
through
August 21, 2020
and
January 1, 2020
through
August 21, 2020
and
three
and
nine
months ended
September 30, 2019 (
Predecessors) include all adjustments and accruals, consisting only of normal, recurring adjustments and accruals necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP"). The operating results for the periods presented are
not
necessarily indicative of results for a full year.
 
Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). These unaudited interim condensed consolidated and combined financial statements should be read together with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Registration Statement for the year ended
December 31, 2019.
 
Principles of consolidation.
The condensed consolidated and combined financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries since
August 22, 2020,
and its Predecessors and their wholly owned subsidiaries since their acquisition or formation for all periods prior to
August 21, 2020.
All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period's presentation.
 
Use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements.
Preparation of the Company's unaudited interim condensed consolidated and combined financial statements in
conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Depletion of oil and gas properties and evaluations for impairment of proved and unproved oil and gas properties, in part, is determined using estimates of proved, probable and possible oil and gas reserves. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in the estimation of quantities of proved, probable and possible reserves and in the projection of future rates of production and the timing of development expenditures. Similarly, evaluations for impairment of proved and unproved oil and gas properties are subject to numerous uncertainties including, among others, estimates of future recoverable reserves and commodity price outlooks. Actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions utilized.
 
Cash and cash equivalents.
The Company's cash and cash equivalents include depository accounts held by banks and marketable securities with original issuance maturities of
90
days or less.  The Company's cash and cash equivalents are generally held in financial institutions in amounts that
may
exceed the insurance limits of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.  However, management believes that the Company's counterparty risks are minimal based on the reputation and history of the institutions selected.
 
Accounts receivable.
The Company's accounts receivable are primarily comprised of oil and gas sales receivables, a current U.S. federal income tax receivable, joint interest receivables and other receivables for which the Company does
not
require collateral security. The Company's share of oil and gas production is sold to various purchasers who must be prequalified under the Company's credit risk policies and procedures. The Company records allowances for doubtful accounts based on the age of accounts receivables and the financial condition of its purchasers. The Company's credit risk related to collecting accounts receivables is mitigated by using credit and other financial criteria to evaluate the credit standing of the entity obligated to make payment on the accounts receivable, and where appropriate, the Company obtains assurances of payment, such as a guarantee by the parent company of the counterparty or other credit support.
 
As of
September 30, 2020
and
December 31, 2019,
the Company's accounts receivables primarily consist of amounts due from the sale of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids of
$3.6
million and
$2.9
million, respectively, and are based on estimates of sales volumes and realized prices the Company anticipates it will receive, a current U.S. federal income tax receivable of
$2.3
million and
zero
, respectively, related to U.S. federal income taxes paid prior to the HighPeak business combination that will be received by carrying back and utilizing the net operating losses generated from
August 22, 2020
through
September 30, 2020,
and joint interest receivables of
$77,000
and
$440,000,
respectively. The Company routinely reviews outstanding balances and establishes allowances for bad debts equal to the estimable portions of accounts receivable for which failure to collect is considered probable. As of
September 30, 2020
and
December 31, 2019,
the Company had
no
allowance for doubtful accounts recorded.
 
Notes receivable.
Pursuant to an agreement between HPK LP and Pure, whereby Pure obtained extensions to complete its initial business combination to
August 21, 2020,
HPK LP made loans to Pure totaling
$11.7
million and
$4.2
million as of
August 21, 2020
and
December 31, 2019,
respectively. The Company routinely reviews outstanding balances and establishes allowances for bad debts equal to the estimable portions of notes receivable for which failure to collect is considered probable. As of
December 31, 2019,
the Company had
no
allowance for doubtful accounts recorded. See additional information regarding Pure and the notes receivable cancellations in relations to the HighPeak business combination in Note
10
to these condensed consolidated and combined financial statements.
 
Deposits.
During
2019,
HPK LP paid
$61.5
million to Grenadier Energy Partners II, LLC (“Grenadier”) as a non-refundable deposit for an acquisition (the “Grenadier Acquisition”) and an additional
$15.0
million extension payment was paid in
2020
that was to be accounted for as additional consideration for the Grenadier Acquisition upon closing. The Grenadier Acquisition was terminated in
April 2020
and the
$76.5
million in deposits and extension payments were charged to expense during the
first
quarter of
2020
as conditions existed as of
March 31, 2020
that made this termination probable at the time. In addition, the Company has paid the Texas Railroad Commission
$50,000
in lieu of a plugging bond as statutorily required.
 
Inventory.
Inventory is comprised primarily of oil and gas drilling or repair items such as tubing, casing, proppant used to fracture-stimulate oil and gas wells, water, chemicals, operating supplies and ordinary maintenance materials and parts. The materials and supplies inventory is primarily acquired for use in future drilling operations or repair operations and is carried at the lower of cost or market, on a weighted average cost basis. Valuation allowances for materials and supplies inventories are recorded as reductions to the carrying values of the materials and supplies inventories in the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet and as charges to other expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company's materials and supplies inventory as of
September 30, 2020
and
December 31, 2019
is
$405,000
and
$184,000,
respectively, and the Company has
not
recognized any valuation allowance to date.
 
Oil and gas properties.
The Company utilizes the successful efforts method of accounting for its oil and gas properties. Under this method, all costs associated with productive wells and nonproductive development wells are capitalized while nonproductive exploration costs and geological and geophysical expenditures are expensed.
 
The Company does
not
carry the costs of drilling an exploratory well as an asset in its consolidated balance sheet following the completion of drilling unless both of the following conditions are met: (i) the well has found a sufficient quantity of reserves to justify its completion as a producing well and (ii) the Company is making sufficient progress assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project.
 
Due to the capital-intensive nature and the geographical location of certain projects, it
may
take an extended period of time to evaluate the future potential of an exploration project and the economics associated with making a determination on its commercial viability. In these instances, the project's feasibility is
not
contingent upon price improvements or advances in technology, but rather the Company's ongoing efforts and expenditures related to accurately predict the hydrocarbon recoverability based on well information, gaining access to other companies' production data in the area, transportation or processing facilities and/or getting partner approval to drill additional appraisal wells. These activities are ongoing and are being pursued constantly. Consequently, the Company's assessment of suspended exploratory well costs is continuous until a decision can be made that the project has found sufficient proved reserves to sanction the project or is noncommercial and is charged to exploration and abandonment expense. See Note
5
for additional information.
 
The capitalized costs of proved properties are depleted using the unit-of-production method based on proved reserves. Costs of significant nonproducing properties, wells in the progress of being drilled and development projects are excluded from depletion until the related project is completed and proved reserves are established or, if unsuccessful, impairment is determined.
 
Proceeds from the sales of individual properties and the capitalized costs of individual properties sold or abandoned are credited and charged, respectively, to accumulated depletion, depreciation and amortization, if doing so does
not
materially impact the depletion rate of an amortization base. Generally,
no
gain or loss is recorded until an entire amortization base is sold. However, gain or loss is recorded from the sale of less than an entire amortization base if the disposition is significant enough to materially impact the depletion rate of the remaining properties in the amortization base.
 
The Company performs assessments of its long-lived assets to be held and used, including proved oil and gas properties accounted for under the successful efforts method of accounting, whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of those assets
may
not
be recoverable. An impairment loss is indicated if the sum of the expected future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets. In these circumstances, the Company recognizes an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the assets.
 
Unproved oil and gas properties are periodically assessed for impairment on a project-by-project basis. These impairment assessments are affected by the results of exploration activities, commodity price outlooks, planned future sales or expirations of all or a portion of such projects. If the estimated future net cash flows attributable to such projects are
not
expected to be sufficient to fully recover the costs invested in each project, the Company will recognize an impairment charge at that time.
 
Other property and equipment, net.
Other property and equipment is recorded at cost. The carrying values of other property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of
$189,000
and
$46,000
as of
September 30, 2020
and
December 31, 2019,
respectively, are as follows:
 
   
Successor
   
Predecessors
 
   
September 30,
2020
   
December 31,
2019
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Information technology
  $
333
    $
459
 
Transportation equipment
   
44
     
-
 
Leasehold improvements
   
27
     
37
 
Field equipment
   
11
     
12
 
Total other property and equipment, net
  $
415
    $
508
 
 
Other property and equipment is depreciated over its estimated useful life on a straight-line basis. Information technology is generally depreciated over
three
years, transportation equipment is generally depreciated over
five
years and field equipment is generally depreciated over
seven
years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of their estimated useful lives or the underlying terms of the associated leases.
 
The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset
may
not
be recoverable. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recorded is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value. The estimated fair value is determined using either a discounted future cash flow model or another appropriate fair value method.
 
Leases.
The Company enters into leases for drilling rigs, storage tanks, equipment and buildings and recognizes lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are initially recorded on the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company's lease contracts do
not
provide an implicit discount rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, which is determined based on information available at the commencement date of a lease. Leases
may
include renewal, purchase or termination options that can extend or shorten the term of a lease. The exercise of those options is at the Company's sole discretion and is evaluated at inception and throughout the contract to determine if a modification of the lease term is required. Leases with an initial term of
12
months or less are
not
recorded as lease right-of-use assets and liability. See Note
7
for additional information.
 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities.
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities as of
September 30, 2020
and
December 31, 2019
totaled approximately
$15.1
million and
$31.0
million, respectively, including trade accounts payable and accruals for capital expenditures, operating and general and administrative expenses, operating leases and other miscellaneous items.
 
Asset retirement obligations.
The Company records a liability for the fair value of an asset retirement obligation in the period in which the associated asset is acquired or placed into service, if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. Asset retirement obligations are generally capitalized as part of the carrying value of the long-lived asset to which it relates. Conditional asset retirement obligations meet the definition of liabilities and are recorded when incurred and when fair value can be reasonably estimated. See Note
6
for additional information.
 
Revenue recognition
.
The Company follows Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)
606,
“Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” (“ASC
606”
) whereby the Company recognizes revenues from the sales of oil and natural gas to its purchasers and presents them disaggregated on the Company's condensed consolidated and combined statements of operations.
 
The Company enters into contracts with purchasers to sell its oil and natural gas production. Revenue on these contracts is recognized in accordance with the
five
-step revenue recognition model prescribed in ASC
606.
Specifically, revenue is recognized when the Company's performance obligations under these contracts are satisfied, which generally occurs with the transfer of control of the oil and natural gas to the purchaser. Control is generally considered transferred when the following criteria are met: (i) transfer of physical custody, (ii) transfer of title, (iii) transfer of risk of loss and (iv) relinquishment of any repurchase rights or other similar rights. Given the nature of the products sold, revenue is recognized at a point in time based on the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in accordance with the price specified in the contract. Consideration under the oil and natural gas marketing contracts is typically received from the purchaser
one
to
two
months after production. At
September 30, 2020
and
December 31, 2019,
the Company had receivables related to contracts with purchasers of approximately
$3.6
million and
$2.9
million, respectively.
 
Oil Contracts.
The majority of the Company's oil marketing contracts transfer physical custody and title at or near the wellhead, which is generally when control of the oil has been transferred to the purchaser. The majority of the oil produced is sold under contracts using market-based pricing which is then adjusted for the differentials based upon delivery location and oil quality. To the extent the differentials are incurred after the transfer of control of the oil, the differentials are included in oil sales on the condensed consolidated and combined statements of operations as they represent part of the transaction price of the contract. If the differentials, or other related costs, are incurred prior to the transfer of control of the oil, those costs are included in lease operating expenses on the Company's condensed consolidated and combined statements of operations as they represent payment for services performed outside of the contract with the purchaser.
 
Natural Gas Contracts.
The majority of the Company's natural gas is sold at the lease location, which is generally when control of the natural gas has been transferred to the purchaser. The natural gas is sold under (i) percentage of proceeds processing contracts, (ii) fee-based contracts or (iii) a hybrid of percentage of proceeds and fee-based contracts. Under the majority of the Company's contracts, the purchaser gathers the natural gas in the field where it is produced and transports it to natural gas processing plants where natural gas liquid products are extracted. The natural gas liquid products and remaining residue gas are then sold by the purchaser. Under the percentage of proceeds and hybrid percentage of proceeds and fee-based contracts, the Company receives a percentage of the value for the extracted liquids and the residue gas. Under the fee-based contracts, the Company receives natural gas liquids and residue gas value, less the fee component, or is invoiced the fee component. To the extent control of the natural gas transfers upstream of the transportation and processing activities, revenue is recognized as the net amount received from the purchaser. To the extent that control transfers downstream of the transportation and processing activities, revenue is recognized on a gross basis, and the related costs are classified in gathering, processing and transportation within lease operating expenses on the Company's condensed consolidated and combined statements of operations.
 
The Company does
not
disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations under its contracts with customers as it applies the practical exemption in accordance with ASC
606.
The exemption, as described in ASC
606
-
10
-
50
-
14
(a), applies to variable consideration that is recognized as control of the product is transferred to the customer. Since each unit of product represents a separate performance obligation, future volumes are wholly unsatisfied and disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations is
not
required.
 
Income taxes.
The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability approach of accounting for income taxes. Under this approach, deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the carrying amounts for income tax purposes and net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The amount of deferred taxes on these temporary differences is determined using the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, as applicable, based on tax rates and laws in the respective tax jurisdiction enacted as of the balance sheet date.
 
The Company reviews its deferred tax assets for recoverability and establishes a valuation allowance based on projected future taxable income, applicable tax strategies and the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than
not
(likelihood of greater than
50
percent) that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will
not
be realized. The Company has
not
established a valuation allowance as of
September 30, 2020.
 
The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than
not
that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, based upon the technical merits of the position. If all or a portion of the unrecognized tax benefit is sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, the tax benefit will be recognized as a reduction to the Company's deferred tax liability and will affect the Company's effective tax rate in the period it is recognized. See Note
12
for addition information.
 
The Company records any tax-related interest charges as interest expense and any tax-related penalties as other expense in the condensed consolidated and combined statements of operations of which there have been
none
to date.
 
Prior to
August 21, 2020,
the Predecessors did
not
record a provision for U.S. federal income tax because the Predecessors were treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as such, the partners of the Predecessors reported their share of the Company's income or loss on their respective income tax returns. The Predecessors were required to file tax returns on Form
1065
with the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”). The
2017
to
2019
tax years remain open to examination.
 
The Predecessors recognize in their condensed consolidated and combined financial statements the effect of a tax position, if that position is more likely than
not
to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any appeals or litigation processes, based upon the technical merits of the position. Tax positions taken related to the Predecessors' status as limited partnerships, and state filing requirements have been reviewed, and management is of the opinion that they would more likely than
not
be sustained by examination. Accordingly, the Company has
not
recorded an income tax liability for uncertain tax benefits for periods prior to
August 21, 2020.
Under the new centralized partnership audit rules effective for tax years beginning after
2017,
the IRS assesses and collects underpayments of tax from the partnership instead of from each partner. The partnership
may
be able to pass the adjustments through to its partners by making a push-out election or, if eligible, by electing out of the centralized partnership audit rules. The collection of tax from the partnership is only an administrative convenience for the IRS to collect any underpayment of income taxes including interest and penalties. Income taxes on partnership income, regardless of who pays the tax or when the tax is paid, is attributed to the partners. Any payment made by the Company as a result of an IRS examination will be treated as an expense from the Company in the condensed consolidated and combined financial statements.
 
The Company is also subject to Texas Margin Tax. The Company realized
no
Texas Margin Tax in the accompanying condensed consolidated and combined financial statements as we do
not
anticipate owing any Texas Margin Tax for the periods presented.
 
Stock-based compensation.
Stock-based compensation expense for stock options (“Equity Awards”) is measured at the grant date or modification date, as applicable, using the fair value of the award, and is recorded, net of forfeitures, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the respective award. The fair value of Equity Awards is determined on the grant date or modification date, as applicable, using a Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following inputs; (i) the grant date's closing stock price, (ii) the exercise price of the stock options, (iii) the expected term of the stock option, (iv) the estimated risk-free adjusted interest rate for the duration of the option's expected term, (v) the expected annual dividend yield on the underlying stock and (vi) the expected volatility over the option's expected term.
 
Segments.
Based on the Company's organizational structure, the Company has
one
operating segment, which is oil and natural gas development, exploration and production. In addition, the Company has a single, company-wide management team that allocates capital resources to maximize profitability and measures financial performance as a single enterprise.
 
Impact of the COVID-
19
Pandemic.
A novel strain of the coronavirus disease
2019
("COVID-
19"
) surfaced in late
2019
and has spread around the world,
including to the United States. In
March 2020,
the World Health Organization declared COVID-
19
a pandemic, and the President of the United States declared the COVID-
19
outbreak a national emergency. The COVID-
19
pandemic has significantly affected the global economy, disrupted global supply chains and created significant volatility in the financial markets. In addition, the COVID-
19
pandemic has resulted in travel restrictions, business closures and other restrictions that have disrupted the demand for oil throughout the world and when combined with pressures on the global supply-demand balance for oil and related products, resulted in significant volatility in oil prices beginning late
February 2020.
The length of this demand disruption is unknown, and there is significant uncertainty regarding the long-term impact of the effects of the COVID-
19
pandemic to global oil demand, which has negatively impacted the Company's results of operations and led to a significant reduction in the Company's
2020
capital activities.
 
Adoption of new accounting standards.
In
June 2016,
the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update
("ASU")
2016
-
13,
"Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic
326
): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" ("ASU
2016
-
13"
). Effective
January 1, 2020,
the Company adopted ASU
2016
-
13
prospectively. ASU
2016
-
13
replaces the incurred loss impairment model with an expected credit loss impairment model for financial instruments, including trade receivables. The amendment requires entities to consider forward-looking information to estimate expected credit losses, resulting in earlier recognition of losses for receivables that are current or
not
yet due, which were
not
considered under the previous accounting guidance. The impact of the adoption of ASU
2016
-
13
was
not
material.
 
The Company is exposed to credit losses primarily through sales of oil, NGLs and natural gas. The Company's expected loss allowance methodology for accounts receivable is developed using historical collection experience, current and future economic and market conditions and a review of the current status of customers' trade accounts receivables. Due to the short-term nature of such receivables, the estimated amount of accounts receivable that
may
not
be collected is based on an aging of the accounts receivable balances and the financial condition of customers. The Company's monitoring activities include timely account reconciliation, dispute resolution, payment confirmation, consideration of customers' financial condition and macroeconomic conditions. Balances are written off when determined to be uncollectible. The Company considered the current and expected future economic and market conditions surrounding the COVID-
19
pandemic and determined that the estimate of credit losses was
not
significantly impacted.
 
New accounting pronouncements.
The Company has evaluated recently issued, but
not
yet effective, accounting pronouncements and does
not
believe they would have a material effect on the Company's condensed consolidated and combined financial statements.