SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements

  A. Use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, certain revenues and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. As applicable to these financial statements, the most significant estimates and assumptions relate to calculation of fair value of the convertible loan.

Functional currency

  B. Functional currency

A majority of the Group’s revenues is generated in U.S. dollars. In addition, most of the Group’s costs are denominated and determined in U.S. dollars. Management believes that the dollar is the currency in the primary economic environment in which the Group operates. Thus, the functional and reporting currency of the Group is the U.S. dollar. Transactions and monetary balances in other currencies are translated into the functional currency using the current exchange rate.

Accordingly, monetary accounts maintained in currencies other than the dollar are remeasured into dollars in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 830, “Foreign Currency Matters”. All transaction gains and losses of the remeasured monetary balance sheet items are reflected in the statements of operations as financial income or expenses, as appropriate.

N2OFF, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 2– SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continue)

Principles of consolidation

  C. Principles of consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.

Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash

  D. Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash

Cash equivalents are short-term highly liquid investments which include short term bank deposits (up to three months from date of deposit), that are not restricted as to withdrawals or use that are readily convertible to cash with maturities of three months or less as of the date acquired.

Restricted cash as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 include $ 31,171 and $50,062, respectively, collateral account for the Group’s corporate credit cards and a lease liability and is classified in current assets.

Accounts receivables

  E. Accounts receivables

The Group maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses inherent in its accounts receivable portfolio. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses adjusted to take into account current market conditions and its customers’ financial condition, the amounts of receivables in dispute, and the current receivables aging and current payment patterns. As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, an allowance for doubtful debts in the amount of $64,031 and $24,259, respectively, is reflected in net accounts receivable. The Group does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers.

Property, plant and equipment, net

  F. Property, plant and equipment, net

1.

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. When an asset is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and the net difference less any amount realized from disposition is reflected in the Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

2.

Rates of depreciation:

	%
Furniture and office equipment		7-15
Machines		10-15
Computers		33
Vehicle		15

Fair value

G. Fair value

Fair value of certain of the Company’s financial instruments including cash, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other accrued liabilities approximate cost because of their short maturities. The Company measures and reports fair value in accordance with ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements” which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.

Fair value, as defined by ASC 820, is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value of an asset should reflect its highest and best use by market participants, principal (or most advantageous) markets, and an in-use or an in-exchange valuation premise.

N2OFF, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 2– SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continue)

Fair value (continue)

Valuation techniques are generally classified into three categories: (i) the market approach; (ii) the income approach; and (iii) the cost approach. The selection and application of one or more of the techniques may require significant judgment and are primarily dependent upon the characteristics of the asset or liability, and the quality and availability of inputs. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value under ASC 820 must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. ASC 820 also provides fair value hierarchy for inputs and resulting measurement as follows:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and

Level 3: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability that are supported by little or no market activity, and that are significant to the fair values.

Fair value measurements are required to be disclosed by the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements in their entirety fall. Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (in level 3 measurements) are subject to expanded disclosure requirements including a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances, separately presenting changes during the period attributable to the following: (i) total gains or losses for the period (realized and unrealized), (ii) segregating those gains or losses included in earnings, and (iii) a description of where those gains or losses included in earning are reported in the statement of operations.

The Company’s financial assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy are as follows (see Note 5):

	As of December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	US$
Assets:
Investment in Plantify		641,561		-		-		641,561
Convertible loan		-		-		1,013,900		1,013,900
Total assets		641,561		-		1,013,900		1,655,461

The following table presents the changes in fair value of the Level 1 assets for the period April 5, 2023 through December 31, 2023:

	Changes in Fair value
	US$
Assets:
Initial recognition of the investment in Plantify as at April 5, 2023 (*)		929,864
Additional investment in shares of Plantify		417,890
Changes in fair value		(706,193	)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		641,561

N2OFF, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 2– SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continue)

Fair value (continue)

The following table presents the changes in fair value of the Level 3 assets for the period April 5, 2023 through December 31, 2023:

	Changes in Fair value
	US$
Assets:
Initial recognition of the convertible loan issued as at April 5, 2023 (*)		1,021,300
Changes in fair value		(7,400	)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		1,013,900

(*) Relative fair value calculated at inception.

Asset acquisitions

H. Asset acquisitions

The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the operations of acquired subsidiaries from the date the Company gains control over them.

When the screening test of ASU 2017-01 Business Combinations (Topic 805) Clarifying the Definition of a Business, suggests that substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets of a subsidiary acquired is concentrated in a single asset or a group of similar assets, such as a single IPR&D asset, the acquired net assets do not meet the definition of a business. Noncontrolling interests of a subsidiary that does not meet the definition of a business are initially measured at fair value. For more details see Note 6.

Impairment of long-lived assets

  I. Impairment of long-lived assets

The Group’s long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC Topic 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment”, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. No impairment expenses were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2023 or 2022.

N2OFF, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 2– SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continue)

Income taxes

  J. Income taxes

The Group accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes”. Accordingly, deferred taxes are determined utilizing the asset and liability method based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial statement carrying amount and the tax bases of assets and liabilities under the applicable tax law. Deferred tax balances are computed using the enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when these differences reverse. Valuation allowances in respect of deferred tax assets are provided for, if necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to amounts more likely than not to be realized.

The Group accounts for unrecognized tax benefits in accordance with ASC Topic 740, which prescribes detailed guidance for the financial statement recognition, measurement and disclosure of unrecognized tax benefits recorded in a Company’s financial statements. According to ASC Topic 740, tax positions must meet a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold to be recognized. Recognized tax positions are measured as the largest amount that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized. The Company’s accounting policy is to present interest and penalties relating to income taxes within income taxes; however the Company did not recognize such items in its fiscal years 2023 and 2022 financial statements and did not recognize any amount with respect to an unrecognized tax benefit in its balance sheets.

Revenue recognition

  K. Revenue recognition

The Group has revenue from customers. The Group recognizes revenue when it satisfies performance obligations under the terms of its contracts, and control of its products is transferred to its customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Group expects to receive from its customers in exchange for those products. This process involves identifying the customer contract, determining the performance obligations in the contract, determining the transaction price, allocating the transaction price to the distinct performance obligations in the contract, and recognizing revenue when the performance obligations have been satisfied. A performance obligation is considered distinct from other obligations in a contract when it (a) provides a benefit to the customer either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and (b) is separately identified in the contract. The Company considers a performance obligation satisfied once it has transferred control of a good or product to a customer, meaning the customer has the ability to direct the use and obtain the benefit of the product.

The Company’s primary source of revenues is from sales of eco-friendly “green” products for the food industry. The Company does not act as an agent in any of its revenue arrangements. Contracts with customers generally state the terms of the sale, including the quantity and price of each product purchased. Payment terms and conditions may vary by contract, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within a range of 30 to 90 days after the performance obligation has been satisfied. As a result, the contracts do not include a significant financing component. In addition, contracts typically do not contain variable consideration as the contracts include stated prices.

N2OFF, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 2– SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continue)

Research and development expenses

  L. Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses are charged to comprehensive loss as incurred.

Royalty-bearing grants

  M. Royalty-bearing grants

Royalty-bearing grants from the Israeli Innovation Authority (the “IIA”) for funding approved research and development projects are recognized at the time Save Foods Ltd. is entitled to such grants (i.e. at the time that there is reasonable assurance that the Save Foods Ltd will comply with the conditions attached to the grant and that there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received), on the basis of the costs incurred and reduce research and development costs. The cumulative research and development grants received by Save Foods Ltd. from inception through December 31, 2023 and 2022, amounted to $155,765.

As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, the Group did not accrue or pay any royalties to the IIA since no revenues were recognized in respect of the funded projects. In addition, the Group does not anticipate future sales related to these grants.

Inventories

  N. Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost of raw and packaging materials, purchased products, manufactured finished products and products in process are determined on the average cost basis.

The Group regularly reviews its inventories for impairment and reserves are established when necessary.

Basic and diluted loss per common stock

  O. Basic and diluted loss per common stock

Basic loss per common stock is computed by dividing the loss for the period applicable to stockholders, by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period.

In computing diluted loss per share, basic loss per share is adjusted to reflect the potential dilution that could occur upon the exercise of potential shares. Accordingly, in 2023 and 2022, no potential shares are considered.

Stock-based compensation

  P. Stock-based compensation

The Group measures and recognizes the compensation expense for all equity-based payments to employees and nonemployees based on their estimated fair values in accordance with ASC 718, “Compensation- Stock Compensation”. Share-based payments including grants of stock options are recognized in the statement of comprehensive loss as a compensation expense based on the fair value of the award at the date of grant. The fair value of stock options granted is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Group has expensed compensation costs, net of forfeitures as they occur, applying the accelerated vesting method, over the requisite service period or over the implicit service period when a performance condition affects the vesting, and it is considered probable that the performance condition will be achieved.

N2OFF, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 2– SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continue)

Concentrations of credit risk

  Q. Concentrations of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents as well as certain other current assets that do not amount to a significant amount. Cash and cash equivalents, which are primarily held in Dollars and New Israeli Shekels, are deposited with major banks in Israel and United States. The Group considers that its cash and cash equivalents have low credit risk based on the credit ratings of the counterparties. The Company does not have any significant off-balance-sheet concentration of credit risk, such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts or other foreign hedging arrangements.

Commitments and Contingencies

  R. Commitments and Contingencies

The Group records accruals for loss contingencies arising from claims, litigation and other sources when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. These accruals are adjusted periodically as assessments change or additional information becomes available. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.

Leases

  S. Leases The Group determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception.

The Group is a lessee in certain operating leases primarily for office space and vehicles. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, other current liabilities, and operating lease liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.

ROU assets represent Group’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent Group’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company generally uses the incremental borrowing rate based on the estimated rate of interest for collateralized borrowing over a similar term of the lease payments at commencement date. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Group monitors for events or changes in circumstances that require a reassessment of one of its leases. When a reassessment results in the remeasurement of a lease liability, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the corresponding ROU asset unless doing so would reduce the carrying amount of the ROU asset to an amount less than zero. In that case, the amount of the adjustment that would result in a negative ROU asset balance is recorded in the statement of comprehensive loss.

New Accounting Pronouncements

  T. New Accounting Pronouncements

Improvements to Reportable Segment disclosures (Topic 280):

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) – Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and segment-related data. For public companies, the amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect this ASU to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

Improvements to Income Tax Disclosure (Topic 740):

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Tax (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures which requires companies to break out their income tax expense, income tax rate reconciliation and income tax payments made in more detail. For public companies, the requirements will become effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect this ASU to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.