We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect a number of amounts in our consolidated financial statements. Significant accounting policy elections, estimates and assumptions include, among others, valuation assumptions of goodwill and intangible assets, useful lives of long-lived assets, sales incentives, income taxes and benefit plan assumptions. We base our estimates on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable. If actual amounts differ from estimates, we include the revisions in our consolidated results of operations in the period the actual amounts become known. Historically, the aggregate differences, if any, between our estimates and actual amounts in any year have not had a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Our consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, which is our reporting currency. We translate the results of operations of our subsidiaries with functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar using average exchange rates during each period and translate balance sheet accounts using exchange rates at the end of each period. We record currency translation adjustments as a component of stockholders’ equity within accumulated other comprehensive income and transaction gains and losses in other expense, net in our consolidated statements of income.

Cash and cash equivalents include demand deposits with banks and all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. We maintain our bank accounts with a relatively small number of high quality financial institutions. Cash balances held by non-U.S. entities as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 were $9 million and $10 million, respectively.

Accounts receivable are recorded at face amounts less an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance is an estimate based on historical collection experience, current economic and market conditions and a review of the current status of each customer’s trade accounts receivable balance. We evaluate the aging of the accounts receivable balances and the financial condition of our customers to estimate the amount of accounts receivable that may not be collected in the future and record the appropriate provision. The allowance for doubtful accounts was not material as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

We are party to a factoring agreement with a financial institution to sell certain accounts receivable up to $95 million. We had no outstanding balance owed under the factoring arrangement as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. Transactions under this agreement are accounted for as sales of accounts receivable, and the receivables sold are removed from the consolidated balance sheet at the time of the sales transaction. We classify proceeds received from the sales of accounts receivable as an operating cash flow in the consolidated statement of cash flows. We record the discount as other expense, net in the consolidated statement of income.

We value our inventories using the first-in, first-out method. Inventory is valued at actual cost, which includes raw materials, supplies, direct labor and manufacturing overhead associated with production. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which includes any costs to sell or dispose. In addition, appropriate consideration is given to obsolescence, excessive inventory levels, product deterioration and other factors in evaluating net realizable value.

Property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation, which is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Machinery and equipment are depreciated over periods ranging from 5 to 20 years and buildings and building improvements over periods ranging from 15 to 40 years. Finite-lived intangible assets, which primarily consist of customer relationships, are stated at historical cost and amortized using the straight-line method (which reflects the pattern of how the assets’ economic benefits are consumed) over the assets’ estimated useful lives which range from 18 to 20 years.

Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. When property, plant or equipment is sold or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from the respective accounts and any gain or loss realized on disposition is reflected in other expense, net in our consolidated statements of income.

We review long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets, for recoverability on an ongoing basis. Changes in depreciation or amortization are recorded prospectively when estimates of the remaining useful lives or residual values of long-lived assets change. We also review our long-lived assets for impairment when conditions exist that indicate the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. In those circumstances, we perform undiscounted cash flow analysis to determine if an impairment exists. When testing for asset impairment, we group assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which cash flows are separately identifiable. If an impairment loss is recorded, it is calculated as the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its estimated fair value as determined by an estimate of discounted future cash flows. Depending on the nature of the asset, impairment losses are recorded in either cost of sales or selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of income. There were no impairments of long-lived assets in any of the years presented.

We determine whether a contract is or contains a lease at contract inception. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets are recognized at the commencement date at the value of the lease liability, adjusted for any prepayments, lease incentives received and initial direct costs incurred. Lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term. For operating leases, following initial recognition, lease liability balances are amortized using the effective interest method, while the related operating lease ROU assets are adjusted by the difference between the fixed lease expense recognized under a straight-line method and the interest expense associated with the effective interest method in the period.

Some of our leases contain non-lease components, for example common area or other maintenance costs, that relate to the lease components of the agreement. Non-lease components and the lease components to which they relate are accounted for as a single lease component as we have elected to combine lease and non-lease components for all classes of underlying assets. All operating lease cash payments are recorded within cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Principal cash payments on finance leases are recorded within cash flows from financing activities, while interest payments associated with finance leases are recorded within cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Our lease agreements do not include significant restrictions, covenants or residual value guarantees.

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired. We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. We assess goodwill impairment risk by performing a qualitative review of entity-specific, industry, market and general economic factors affecting our goodwill reporting units. Depending on factors such as prior-year test results, current year developments, current risk evaluations and other practical considerations, we may elect to perform quantitative testing instead. In our quantitative testing, we compare a reporting unit’s estimated fair value with its carrying value. Estimating the fair value of individual reporting units requires us to make assumptions and estimates regarding our future plans and industry and economic conditions. The key assumptions associated with determining the estimated fair value are forecasted Adjusted EBITDA and a relevant earnings multiple. Our actual results and conditions may differ over time. If the carrying value of a reporting unit’s net assets exceeds its fair value, we would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value.

Our indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of certain trade names. We test indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Depending on factors such as prior-year test results, current year developments, current risk evaluations and other practical considerations, we may elect to perform quantitative testing instead. If potential impairment risk exists for a specific asset, we quantitatively test it for impairment by comparing its estimated fair value with its carrying value. We determine estimated fair value using the relief-from-royalty method, using key assumptions including planned revenue growth rates, market-based discount rates and estimates of royalty rates. If the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair value, we consider the asset impaired and reduce its carrying value to the estimated fair value.

We have an ongoing Supply Chain Finance program (the “SCF”) with a global financial institution (the “SCF Bank”). Under the SCF, qualifying suppliers may elect to sell their receivables from us to the SCF Bank. These participating suppliers negotiate their receivables sales arrangements directly with the SCF Bank. We are not party to those agreements, nor do we provide any security or other forms of guarantees to the SCF Bank. The participation in the program is at the sole discretion of the supplier, we have no economic interest in a supplier’s decision to enter into the agreement and have no direct financial relationship with the SCF Bank, as it relates to the SCF. Once a qualifying supplier elects to participate in the SCF and reaches an agreement with the SCF Bank, they elect which individual invoices they sell to the SCF Bank.

The terms of our payment obligations are not impacted by a supplier’s participation in the SCF and as such, the SCF has no impact on our balance sheets, cash flows or liquidity. Our payment terms with our suppliers for similar services and materials within individual markets are consistent between suppliers that elect to participate in the SCF and those that do not participate.


	As of December 31,
	2025		2024
	(in millions)
Confirmed obligations outstanding at the beginning of the year	$	12	$	19
Invoices confirmed during the year	46		60
Confirmed invoices paid during the year	(49)		(67)
Confirmed obligations outstanding at the end of the year	$	9	$	12

After assessing our customers’ creditworthiness, we recognize revenue when control over products transfers to our customers, which generally occurs upon delivery or shipment of the products. We account for product shipping, handling and insurance as fulfillment activities, with revenues for these activities recorded in net revenues and costs recorded in cost of sales. Any taxes collected on behalf of government authorities are excluded from net revenues.

Consideration in our contracts with customers is variable due to anticipated reductions such as discounts, allowances and trade promotions, collectively referred to as “sales incentives”. Accordingly, revenues are recorded net of estimated sales incentives, recognized throughout the year and as of year-end. The transaction price reflects our estimate of the amount of consideration to which we will be entitled, using an expected value method. We base these estimates principally on historical utilization and redemption rates, anticipated performance and our best judgment at the time to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue recognized will not occur. Estimates of sales incentives are monitored and adjusted each period until the sales incentives are realized.

We consider purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master supply agreements, to be the contracts with a customer. Key sales terms, such as pricing and quantities ordered, are established frequently, so most customer arrangements and related sales incentives have a duration of one year or shorter. We generally do not have any unbilled receivables at the end of a period. Deferred revenues are not material and primarily include customer advance payments typically collected a few days before product delivery, at which time deferred revenues are reclassified and recorded as net revenues. We generally do not receive non-cash consideration for the sale of goods nor do we grant payment financing terms greater than one year. We do not incur any significant costs to obtain a contract.

We promote our products with marketing and advertising programs. These programs include, but are not limited to, cooperative advertising, in-store displays and consumer marketing promotions. The costs of end-consumer marketing programs that are conducted in conjunction with our customers, such as coupons, are recorded as a reduction to revenue. We do not defer these costs on our consolidated balance sheets and all marketing and advertising costs are recorded as an expense in the year incurred. Advertising expense was $55 million, $78 million and $79 million in the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We expense product research and development costs as incurred. Research and development expense was $48 million, $45 million and $44 million in the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We record marketing and advertising as well as research and development expenses in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Stock-based compensation expense is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the period in which the award vests in accordance with applicable guidance under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. We have granted restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to certain members of management and to certain members of our Board of Directors that have a service-based vesting condition. In addition, we have granted performance stock units (“PSUs”) to certain members of management that have a performance-based vesting condition. We account for forfeitures of outstanding but unvested grants in the period they occur.

We record interest rate derivative instruments at fair value (Level 2) and on a net basis by counterparty based on our master netting arrangements. The fair value of our interest rate derivatives is determined using a discounted cash flow method based on market-based swap yield curves, taking into account current interest rates. The instruments are classified in our consolidated balance sheets in other assets or other liabilities, as applicable. Cash flows from interest rate derivative instruments are classified as operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows based on the nature of the derivative instrument. We have elected to use hedge accounting for our interest rate derivative instruments. Accordingly, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the open hedging instrument is recorded in other comprehensive income and is reclassified into earnings as interest expense, net when settled. We terminate derivative instruments if the underlying asset or liability matures or is repaid, or if we determine the underlying forecasted transaction is no longer probable of occurring.

Our income tax expense includes amounts payable or refundable for the current year, the effects of deferred taxes and impacts from uncertain tax positions. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of our assets and liabilities, operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply in the years in which those differences are expected to reverse.

The realization of certain deferred tax assets is dependent on generating sufficient taxable income in the appropriate jurisdiction prior to the expiration of the carryforward periods. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. When assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we consider any carryback potential, future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences (including liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits), future taxable income and tax planning strategies.

We recognize the tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained based on the technical merits of the position. The amount we recognize is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon resolution. Future changes related to the expected resolution of uncertain tax positions could affect tax expense in the period when the change occurs.

GAAP establishes a hierarchy for measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value:

•Level 2 inputs include inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of assets or liabilities.

In addition to fair value disclosure requirements related to financial instruments carried at fair value, accounting standards require disclosures regarding the fair value of all of our financial instruments. The carrying values of cash equivalents, accounts receivables, other receivables, related party receivables, accounts payable, related party payables and accrued and other current liabilities are reasonable estimates of their fair values as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280), which enhances disclosures about significant segment expenses by requiring disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We adopted the standard as of January 1, 2024, with no material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), which enhances disclosures within the income tax rate reconciliation and information disclosed related to income taxes paid, and requires disaggregation of certain financial statement captions between domestic, foreign, federal and state. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We adopted the standard, prospectively, as of January 1, 2025, with no material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), which will require additional disclosure about specific expense categories included in the income statement. Annual disclosure requirements will be effective for us in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026, and quarterly disclosure requirements will be effective for us in the first quarter of 2027, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In September 2025, FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), which updates the accounting for internal-use software costs by increasing the operability of the recognition guidance considering different methods of software development. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2025, FASB issued ASU 2025-09, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Hedge Accounting Improvements, which updates hedge accounting requirements. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2025, FASB issued ASU 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow Scope Improvements, which clarifies interim disclosure requirements. This ASU is effective for interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements.