Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, Landos Biopharma Australia Pty Ltd. (“Landos Australia”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information, the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and notes thereto included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. In the opinion of the Company’s management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of its financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented have been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year, for any other interim period or for any future year.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the Company's consolidated financial statements and the disclosures made in the accompanying notes. Significant estimates and assumptions made in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, accrued liabilities, fair value of equity instruments, and uncertain tax positions. The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors and adjusts those estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Despite management’s intention to establish accurate estimates and use reasonable assumptions, actual results may differ from the Company's estimates.

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies used in preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 are consistent with, and should be read in conjunction with, those discussed in Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase. The carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturities of these investments. Cash equivalents consist primarily of amounts invested in money market funds and commercial paper and are stated at fair value.

Marketable Securities

Marketable Securities

The Company’s investments in marketable securities are maintained by investment managers and consist of corporate debt securities with original maturities of over ninety (90) days, all of which are considered available-for-sale debt securities. The Company classifies its available-for-sale securities as short-term marketable securities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, even though the stated maturity date may be one year or more beyond the current Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets date, as the Company views those securities as available for use in current operations, if needed.

Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value with their unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive loss within stockholders’ equity, until such gains and losses are realized in other income (expense), net, within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) or until an unrealized loss is considered other-than-temporary. Realized gains and losses are determined using the specific identification method.

The Company evaluates its investments with unrealized losses for other-than-temporary impairment. When assessing investments for other-than-temporary impairments in value, the Company considers such factors as, among other things, how significant the impairment in value is as a percentage of the original cost, how long the market value of the investment has been less than its original cost, the Company’s ability and intent to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value and market conditions. If the Company determines from this analysis that it does not expect to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost of the security, a credit loss exists, the impairment is considered other-than-temporary and is recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities. Bank deposits are held by accredited financial institutions and these deposits may at times be in excess of insured limits. The Company limits its credit risk associated with cash and cash equivalents by placing them with financial institutions it believes are of high quality. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash or cash equivalents. The Company’s available-for-sale investments primarily consist of high-grade corporate debt, and potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk. The Company has adopted investment guidelines that limit the amounts the Company may invest in any one type of investment and requires all investments held by the Company to be highly rated, thereby reducing credit risk exposure.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development costs consist primarily of external costs related to clinical development, contract manufacturing and discovery as well as personnel costs. The Company estimates preclinical and clinical study and research expenses based on the services performed, pursuant to contracts with research institutions that conduct and manage nonclinical and clinical studies and research services on its behalf. The Company records the costs of research and development activities based upon the estimated amount of services provided but not yet invoiced and includes these costs in accrued liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. These costs are a component of the Company’s research and development expenses. The Company accrues for these costs based on factors such as estimates of the work completed and in accordance with agreements established with its third-party service providers under the service agreements. The Company makes significant judgments and estimates in determining the accrued liabilities balance in each reporting period. As actual costs become known, the Company adjusts its accrued liabilities.

Net (Loss) Income per Share

Net (Loss) Income per Share

Basic net (loss) income per share is computed by dividing the net (loss) income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net (loss) income per share is computed by dividing the net (loss) income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock together with the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if all potentially dilutive shares of common stock had been issued. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net (loss) income per share during the periods presented (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Numerator:
Net (Loss) Income	$	(11,284	)	$	4,097		$	(26,148	)	$	(5,721	)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares of common stock issued and outstanding		40,254,890			33,867,593			40,254,890			30,121,003
Less: weighted-average unvested common stock subject to repurchase		—			(228,112	)		—			(245,126	)
Weighted-average common stock outstanding used to calculate net (loss) income per common share, basic		40,254,890			33,639,481			40,254,890			29,875,877
Weighted-average effect of potentially dilutive securities:
Stock options to purchase common stock		—			537,832			—			—
Common stock subject to repurchase		—			207,471			—			—
Weighted-average common shares outstanding used to calculate net (loss) income per common share, diluted		40,254,890			34,384,784			40,254,890			29,875,877
Net (loss) income per common stock, basic and diluted	$	(0.28	)	$	0.12		$	(0.65	)	$	(0.19	)

The following outstanding shares of potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from diluted net (loss) income per common share for the periods presented, because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Stock options to purchase common stock		3,654,179		491,650		3,654,179		1,407,369
Common stock subject to repurchase		—		—		—		216,707
Total		3,654,179		491,650		3,654,179		1,624,076

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive Loss

The Company’s comprehensive loss is currently comprised of changes in unrealized gain (losses) on available-for-sale securities.

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company views its operations and manages its business in one operating segment.

Emerging Growth Company Status

Emerging Growth Company Status

The Company is an emerging growth company (“EGC”), as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company has elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date that it (i) is no longer an EGC or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opts out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, these condensed consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with the new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02—Leases (Topic 842), requiring the recognition of lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. The standard: (a) clarifies the definition of a lease; (b) requires a dual approach to lease classification similar to current lease classifications; and (c) causes lessees to recognize leases on the balance sheet as a lease liability with a corresponding right-of-use asset for leases with a lease-term of more than twelve months. The standard was effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and is effective for nonpublic entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02, as amended, by applying the modified retrospective approach for leases existing at, and entered into after January 1, 2022. As a result, prior periods are presented in accordance with the previous guidance in ASC 840, Leases (“ASC 840”). The Company has elected to apply the “practical expedient package,” which permits it to not reassess previous conclusions around lease identification, lease classification, and initial direct costs. Further, the Company made accounting policy elections to exclude leases with terms of 12 months or less from the recognition requirements and to not separate lease and non-lease components. On January 1, 2022, the Company recognized an initial right-of-use asset and lease liability of $0.8 million. The adoption of Topic 842 did not have an impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss and did not require recognition of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company elected to continue applying the guidance under ASC 840 for comparative periods, as allowed in Topic 842.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13—Financial Instruments (Topic 326) Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instrument (“CECL”), which requires an allowance for expected credit losses on financial assets be recognized as early as day one of the instrument. This ASU departs from the incurred loss model which means the probability threshold is removed. It considers more forward-looking information and requires the entity to estimate its credit losses as far as it can reasonably estimate. The ASU was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 for public business entities that are U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filers, excluding entities eligible to be smaller reporting companies (SRC). For all other public business entities, including SRC, the ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company expects to adopt the new standard in the annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2022 and does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.