Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

11.Fair Value Measurements

GAAP defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The price in the principal (or most advantageous) market used to measure the fair value of the asset or liability shall not be adjusted for transaction costs. An orderly transaction is a transaction that assumes exposure to the market for a period prior to the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets and liabilities; it is not a forced transaction. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are (i) independent, (ii) knowledgeable, (iii) able to transact and (iv) willing to transact.

GAAP requires the use of valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, the income approach and/or the cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets and liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts, such as cash flows or earnings, to a single present amount on a discounted basis. The cost approach is based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement costs). Valuation techniques should be consistently applied. Inputs to valuation techniques refer to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Inputs may be observable, meaning those that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, or unobservable, meaning those that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. In that regard, the authoritative guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs.

The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

•Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

•Level 2 Inputs – Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset and liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (for example, interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks and default rates) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. Level 2 investments consist primarily of obligations of U.S. government sponsored enterprises and agencies, obligations of state and municipal subdivisions, corporate bonds and mortgage backed securities.

•Level 3 Inputs – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect an entity’s own assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities. A description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below.

In general, fair value is based upon quoted market prices, where available. If such quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that primarily use, as inputs, observable market-based parameters. Valuation adjustments may be made to ensure that financial instruments are recorded at fair value. While management believes the Company’s valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date.

Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis include the following:

Investment Securities Available-for-sale. Investment securities classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. For these securities, the Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayments speeds, credit information, and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things.

Loans Held for Sale. Loans held for sale are reported at aggregate cost which has been deemed to be the equivalent of fair value using Level 3 inputs.

Loans Evaluated Individually for Expected Credit Losses. Individually evaluated loans are reported at the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral. Collateral values are estimated using Level 2 inputs based on observable market data or independent appraisals using Level 3 inputs.

Derivative Instruments. The estimated fair value of interest rate derivative positions are obtained from a pricing service that provides the swaps’ unwind value using Level 2 inputs.

There were no transfers between levels during the three month period ended March 31, 2023 or during the year ended December 31, 2022.

The following table summarizes financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	Fair Value Measurements Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Level 1 Inputs		Level 2 Inputs		Level 3 Inputs		Total Fair Value
At March 31, 2023:
Securities available for sale:
State and municipal securities	$	—	$	419	$	—	$	419
Mortgage-backed securities and other agency obligations		—		22,228		—		22,228
U.S. Treasury bonds		—		99,009		—		99,009
Corporate bonds		—		58,720		—		58,720
Total investment securities available for sale	$	—	$	180,376	$	—	$	180,376
Asset derivatives:
Cash flow hedges	$	—	$	1,531	$	—	$	1,531
Pass-through interest rate swaps		—		7,262		—		7,262
Total asset derivatives	$	—	$	8,793	$	—	$	8,793
Liability derivatives:
Pass-through interest rate swaps	$	—	$	7,262	$	—	$	7,262
Risk participation agreements		—		9		—		9
Total liability derivatives	$	—	$	7,271	$	—	$	7,271

	Fair Value Measurements Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Level 1 Inputs		Level 2 Inputs		Level 3 Inputs		Total Fair Value
At December 31, 2022:
Securities available for sale:
State and municipal securities	$	—	$	417	$	—	$	417
Mortgage-backed securities and other agency obligations		—		22,881		—		22,881
U.S. Treasury bonds		—		98,518		—		98,518
Corporate bonds		—		54,251		—		54,251
Total investment securities available for sale	$	—	$	176,067	$	—	$	176,067
Asset derivatives:
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	9,213	$	—	$	9,213
Total asset derivatives	$	—	$	9,213	$	—	$	9,213
Liability derivatives:
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	9,213	$	—	$	9,213
Risk participation agreements		—		8		—		8
Total liability derivatives	$	—	$	9,221	$	—	$	9,221

Certain financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis include the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

Loans Evaluated Individually for Expected Credit Losses. At March 31, 2023, individually evaluated loans with carrying values of $18.4 million were reduced by specific valuation allowances totaling $1.8 million resulting in a net fair value of $16.6 million based on Level 3 inputs. At December 31, 2022, impaired loans with carrying values of $19.7 million were reduced by specific valuation allowances totaling $1.6 million resulting in a net fair value of $18.1 million based on Level 3 inputs.

Non-financial assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis include certain foreclosed assets which, upon initial recognition, are remeasured and reported at fair value through a charge-off to the allowance for credit losses and certain foreclosed assets which, subsequent to their initial recognition, are remeasured at fair value through a write-down included in current earnings. The fair value of a foreclosed asset is estimated using Level 2 inputs based on observable market data or Level 3 inputs based on customized discounting criteria. The Company had no foreclosed assets for fair value measurement as of March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

For the Company, as for most financial institutions, substantially all of its assets and liabilities are considered financial instruments as defined. Many of the Company’s financial instruments, however, lack an available trading market as characterized by a willing buyer and willing seller engaging in an exchange transaction.

The estimated fair value amounts of financial instruments have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required to interpret data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. In addition, reasonable comparability between financial institutions may not be likely due to the wide range of permitted valuation techniques and numerous estimates that must be made given the absence of active secondary markets for many of the financial instruments. This lack of uniform valuation methodologies also introduces a greater degree of subjectivity to these estimated fair values.

Financial instruments with stated maturities have been valued using a present value discounted cash flow with a discount rate approximating current market rates for similar assets and liabilities. Financial instrument assets with variable rates and financial instrument liabilities with no stated maturities have an estimated fair value equal to both the amount payable on demand and the carrying value.

The carrying value and the estimated fair value of the Company’s contractual off-balance sheet unfunded lines of credit, loan commitments and letters of credit, which are generally priced at market at the time of funding, are not material.

The estimated fair values and carrying values of all financial instruments under current authoritative guidance, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value are as follows:

	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying  Value		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying    Value		Estimated Fair Value
Financial assets
Level 2 inputs
Cash and cash equivalents	$	310,942	$	310,942	$	332,014	$	332,014
Interest bearing time deposits in other banks		—		—		—		—
Investment securities available for sale		180,376		180,376		176,067		176,067
Non-marketable securities		14,751		14,751		15,405		15,405
Accrued interest receivable		19,026		19,026		18,340		18,340
Bank-owned life insurance		64,235		64,235		60,761		60,761
Derivative instruments assets		8,793		8,793		9,213		9,213
	$	598,123	$	598,123	$	611,800	$	611,800
Level 3 inputs
Loans, net	$	3,177,411	$	3,045,809	$	3,077,200	$	2,920,213
Financial liabilities
Level 2 inputs
Deposits	$	3,322,533	$	3,325,668	$	3,236,146	$	3,238,857
Accrued interest payable		1,636		1,636		2,545		2,545
Notes payable		111,274		111,274		111,223		111,223
Derivative instrument liabilities		7,271		7,271		9,221		9,221
	$	3,442,714	$	3,445,849	$	3,359,135	$	3,361,846