10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

FORM 10-Q

___________________________________

(Mark One)

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2023

OR

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR

THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM _________ TO _________

Commission File Number 001-38971

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)

Delaware	83-4109918
(State or other jurisdiction of  incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer  Identification Number)

1875 Lawrence Street, Suite 320 Denver, CO	80202
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (866) 903-2399

___________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class:	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered:
Shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value	SPRU	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	o	Accelerated filer	o
Non-accelerated filer	x	Smaller reporting company	x
		Emerging growth company	o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

As of May 9, 2023, 149,213,869 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.0001 par value, were outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		PAGE
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 (unaudited) and December 31, 2022	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	5
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	35
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	40
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	40
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	43
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	43
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	43
Item 3	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	43
Item 4	Mine Safety Disclosures	43
Item 5.	Other Information	43
Item 6.	Exhibits	44

i

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) that relate to future events or our future financial performance including, but not limited to, statements regarding the plans, strategies and prospects, both business and financial, of the Company, our growth plans, future financial and operating results, costs and expenses, the outcome of contingencies, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, cost savings, business strategies, and other statements that are not historical facts. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking words or phrases such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “opportunity,” “plan,” “predict,” “potential,” “estimate,” “should,” “will,” “would” or the negative of these terms or other words of similar meaning. These statements are based upon the Company’s current plans and strategies and reflect the Company’s current assessment of the risks and uncertainties related to its business and are made as of the date of this report. These statements are inherently subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties. You should read these statements carefully because they discuss our future expectations or state other “forward-looking” information. There may be events in the future that we are not able to accurately predict or control and our actual results may differ materially from the expectations we describe in our forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those currently anticipated include the following:

•Any inability or delay in realizing the benefits anticipated by the acquisition of Spruce Holding Company 1 LLC, Spruce Holding Company 2 LLC, Spruce Holding Company 3 LLC, and Spruce Manager LLC (collectively and together with their subsidiaries, "Legacy Spruce Power").

•Uncertainties relating to the solar energy industry and the risk that sufficient additional demand for residential solar energy systems may not develop or take longer to develop than we anticipate.

•Disruptions to our solar monitoring systems could negatively impact our revenues and increase our expenses.

•Warranties provided by the manufacturers of equipment for our assets and maintenance obligations may be inadequate to protect us.

•The solar energy systems we own or may acquire, including those we acquired through our acquisition of SS Holdings 2017, LLC and its subsidiaries ("SEMTH" and the “SEMTH Acquisition”), may have a limited operating history and may not perform as we expect, including as a result of unsuitable solar and meteorological conditions.

•Problems with performance of our solar energy systems may cause us to incur expenses, may lower the value of our solar energy systems and may damage our market reputation.

•Developments in technology or improvements in distributed solar energy generation and related technologies or components may materially adversely affect demand for our offerings.

•We could be harmed by a material reduction in the retail price of traditional utility generated electricity, electricity from other sources or renewable energy credits.

•We may fail to grow by expanding our market penetration or to manage our growth effectively.

•We may not be able to identify adequate strategic relationship opportunities, or form strategic relationships, and we may experience difficulties in integrating strategic acquisitions.

•We may require additional financing to support the development of our business and implementation of our growth strategy.

•We are subject to risks relating to our outstanding debt, including risks relating to rising interest rates and the risk that we may not have sufficient cash flow to pay our debt.

•We may be adversely affected by the impact of natural disasters and other events beyond our control, such as hurricanes or pandemics.

ii

•We are subject to cybersecurity risks.

•We are subject to risks relating to global economic conditions.

•Governmental investigations, litigation or other claims may cause us to incur significant expense, hinder execution of business and growth strategy or impact the price of our Common Stock.

•Changes in tax laws may materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

•We are subject to risks relating to changes in, and our compliance with, laws and regulations affecting our business.

These and other factors that could cause actual results to differ from those implied by the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are more fully described in Part II, Item 1A under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A Risk Factors, within our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 30, 2023. These factors are not exhaustive. Other sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, such as our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations set forth in Item 2 describe additional factors that could adversely affect the business, financial condition or results of operations of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. New risk factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible to predict all such risk factors, nor can the Company assess the impact of all such risk factors on its business or the extent to which any factor or combination of factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Forward- looking statements are not guarantees of performance. You should not put undue reliance on these statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. All forward-looking statements attributable to the Company or persons acting on its behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the foregoing cautionary statements. The Company undertakes no obligations to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

This report includes certain registered trademarks, including trademarks that are the property of the Company and its affiliates. This report also includes other trademarks, service marks and trade names owned by the Company or other persons. All trademarks, service marks and traded names included herein are the property of their respective owners. Use or display by us of other parties’ trademarks, trade dress, or products in this report is not intended to, and does not, imply a relationship with, or endorsements or sponsorship of, us by the trademark or trade dress owners.

iii

Part I - Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022

	As of
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	172,797	$	220,321
Restricted cash	33,128		19,823
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $10.4 million and $12.2 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	11,395		8,336
Interest rate swap assets, current	11,263		10,183
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	7,046		5,316
Current assets of discontinued operations	71		10,977
Total current assets	235,700		274,956
Investment under SEMTH master lease agreement	146,889		—
Property and equipment, net	482,328		396,168
Interest rate swap assets, non-current	16,474		22,069
Intangible assets, net	10,843		—
Deferred rent assets	1,961		1,626
Right-of-use assets	3,184		2,802
Goodwill	28,757		128,548
Other assets	257		383
Total assets	$	926,393	$	826,552
Liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interests and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,206	$	2,904
Current portion of long-term debt	25,674		25,314
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	22,054		21,509
Deferred revenue, current	63		39
Lease liability, current	1,279		834
Current liabilities of discontinued operations	802		9,097
Total current liabilities	52,078		59,697
Long-term debt, net of current portion	594,395		474,441
Deferred revenue	718		452
Lease liability, non-current	2,832		2,426
Warrant liabilities	142		256
Unfavorable solar renewable energy agreements	9,363		—
Other long-term liabilities	1,478		10
Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations	—		294
Total liabilities	661,006		537,576

1

Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	178		85
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 350,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 148,395,370 and 144,375,226 issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	14		14
Additional paid-in capital	472,693		473,277
Noncontrolling interests	3,954		8,942
Accumulated deficit	(211,452)		(193,342)
Total stockholders’ equity	265,209		288,891
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interests and stockholders’ equity	$	926,393	$	826,552

See notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

2

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands, except per share and share amounts)	2023		2022
Revenues	$	18,095	$	—
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues	7,853		—
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	15,717		7,734
Total operating expenses	23,570		7,734
Loss from operations	(5,475)		(7,734)
Other (income) expense:
Interest expense, net	6,816		12
Gain on extinguishment of debt	—		(4,527)
Gain on assets disposal	(2,658)		—
Change in fair value of obligation to issue shares of common stock to sellers of World Energy	—		(361)
Change in fair value of warrant liability	(115)		(2,717)
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps	5,588		—
Other income, net	(128)		(7)
Net loss from continuing operations	(14,978)		(134)
Net loss from discontinued operations (including loss on disposal of $(3,083))	(3,866)		(15,943)
Net loss	(18,844)		(16,077)
Less: Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	551		—
Net loss attributable to stockholders	$	(19,395)	$	(16,077)
Net loss attributable to stockholders per share, basic	$	(0.13)	$	(0.11)
Net loss attributable to stockholders per share, diluted	$	(0.13)	$	(0.11)
Net loss from discontinued operations - basic	$	(0.03)	$	(0.11)
Net loss from discontinued operations - diluted	$	(0.03)	$	(0.11)
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic	146,207,666		141,274,249
Weighted-average shares outstanding, diluted	146,207,666		141,274,249

See notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022

			For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests		Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Noncontrolling Interests		Accumulated Deficit		Stockholders’ Equity
(In thousands, except share amounts)			Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	85	144,375,226	$	14	$	473,277	$	8,942	$	(193,342)	$	288,891
Cumulative-effect adjustment of ASC 326 adoption	—		—	—		—		—		1,285		1,285
Fair Value adjustment for Spruce Acquisition	240		—	—		(1,813)		(5,490)		—		(7,303)
Exercise of stock options	—		1,081,679	—		283		—		—		283
Issuance of restricted stock	—		2,731,919	—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock	—		206,546	—		150		—		—		150
Capital distributions to noncontrolling interests	(108)		—	—		—		(88)		—		(88)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—	—		796		—		—		796
Net income / (loss)	(39)		—	—		—		590		(19,395)		(18,805)
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	178	148,395,370	$	14	$	472,693	$	3,954	$	(211,452)	$	265,209

			For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests		Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Noncontrolling Interests		Accumulated Deficit		Stockholders’ Equity
(In thousands, except share amounts)			Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	—	140,540,671	$	14	$	461,207	$	—	$	(99,411)	$	361,810
Exercise of stock options	—		1,312,320	—		258		—		—		258
Issuance of restricted stock	—		2,205	—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of shares as contingent consideration relating to Quantum business acquisition	—		100,000	—		186		—		—		186
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—	—		381		—		—		381
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		(16,077)		(16,077)
Balance at March 31, 2022	$	—	141,955,196	$	14	$	462,032	$	—	$	(115,488)	$	346,558

See notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022
Operating activities:
Net loss	$	(18,844)	$	(16,077)
Net loss from discontinued operations	3,866		15,943
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation	796		381
Bad debt expense	174		—
Depreciation and amortization expense	6,004		556
Change in fair value of obligation to issue shares of common stock	—		(361)
Fair value change of interest rate swaps	5,588		—
Fair value change of warrant liability	(115)		(2,717)
Interest income under the investment in Master Lease	(213)		—
Gain on extinguishment of debt	—		(4,527)
Gain on disposal of assets	(2,658)		—
Loss on disposal of World Energy	3,083		—
Impairment expense	73		—
Change in operating right-of-use assets	15		—
Interest on finance leases	—		1
Amortization of debt discount	1,455		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	(1,948)		—
Deferred rent assets	(335)		—
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	432		(757)
Other assets	126		—
Accounts payable	(698)		(611)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(769)		(2,307)
Deferred revenue	290		—
Net cash used in continuing operating activities	(3,678)		(10,476)
Net cash used in discontinued operating activities	(4,573)		(8,620)
Investing activities:
Sale of solar energy systems	1,763		—
Purchases of other property, plant and equipment	(12)		—
Proceeds received from investment under the SEMTH master lease	1,011		—
Cash paid to acquire SEMTH assets, net of cash acquired	(23,139)		—
Net cash used in continuing investing activities	(20,377)		—
Net cash provided by discontinued investing activities	325		754
Financing activities:
Repayments of long term debt	(6,141)		—
Repayments under financing leases	(12)		(10)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	150		—

5

Proceeds from exercise of stock options	283		258
Capital distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(196)		—
Net cash (used in) provided by continuing financing activities	(5,916)		248
Net cash used in discontinued financing activities	—		(121)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:	(34,219)		(18,215)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	240,144		351,826
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	205,925	$	333,611
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest expense paid	$	4,050	$	18
Supplemental disclosures of noncash investing and financing information:
Settlement of contingent liability through issuance of shares	$	—	$	186

See notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1. Organization and Description of Business

Description of Business: Spruce Power Holding Corporation (formerly known as XL Fleet Corp.) and its subsidiaries ("Spruce Power" or the “Company”) is a leading owner and operator of distributed solar energy assets across the United States, offering subscription-based services to approximately 72,000 customers and making renewable energy more accessible to everyone.

The Company generates revenues primarily through the sale of electricity generated by its residential solar energy systems to homeowners pursuant to long-term agreements that obligate the Company’s subscribers to make recurring monthly payments, and the servicing of those agreements for other institutional owners of residential solar energy systems. In addition, the Company also generates cash flows and earns interest income from the investment made during the first quarter of 2023 under the master lease with SS Holdings 2017, LLC and its subsidiaries ("SEMTH").

The Company holds subsidiary fund companies that own and operate portfolios of residential solar energy systems. The solar energy systems are subject to solar lease agreements ("SLAs") and power purchase agreements ("PPAs", together with the SLAs, "Customer Agreements") with residential customers who benefit from the production of electricity produced by the solar energy systems. The solar energy systems may qualify for subsidies, renewable energy credits and other incentives as provided by various states and local agencies. These benefits have generally been retained by the Company's subsidiaries that own the systems, with the exception of the investment tax credit under Section 48 of the Internal Revenue Code ("IRC"), which were generally passed through to the various financing partners of the solar energy systems.

The Company also engages in the energy efficiency and solar loan servicing. The Company offers services which include asset management services and operating and maintenance services for residential solar photovoltaic projects, in addition to, loan servicing support that allows residential consumers to finance energy efficiency home improvements and residential solar energy systems.

Discontinued Operations:

Historically the Company had provided fleet electrification solutions for commercial vehicles in North America, offering its systems for vehicle electrification (the “Drivetrain” segment) and through its energy efficiency and infrastructure solutions business, including offering and installing charging stations to enable customers to effectively and cost effectively develop the charging infrastructure required for their electrified vehicles (the “XL Grid” segment).

In the first quarter of 2022, the Company initiated a strategic review of its overall business operations which included assessing its offerings, strategy, processes and growth opportunities. As a result of the strategic review, in the first quarter of 2022 the Company made the following decisions relating to a restructuring of its Drivetrain business: (i) the elimination of a substantial majority of the Company’s hybrid drivetrain products; (ii) the elimination of its Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (“PHEV”) products; (iii) the reduction in the size of the Company’s workforce by approximately 50 employees; (iv) the closure of the Company’s production center and warehouse in Quincy, IL; (v) the closure of the Company’s engineering activities in its Boston office; and (vi) the termination of the Company’s partnership with eNow.

Following the strategic review, the Company announced its decision to pursue transformational mergers and acquisition (“M&A”) opportunities, enabled by a significant cash balance resulting from the Company’s go-public transaction completed in December 2020. This included the implementation of a process to institutionalize the M&A effort including the formation of an investment committee comprised of senior members of our team and members of the Board. The objective was to continue the exploration of value-generative opportunities in the decarbonization and energy transition ecosystem, focused on three core requirements, (i) a business that is making an impact on decarbonization, (ii) a leader in an established, growing market segment, and (iii) a company that is generating positive EBITDA.

7

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1. Organization and Description of Business, continued

As a result of these efforts, on September 9, 2022, the Company acquired 100% of the membership interests of Spruce Holding Company 1 LLC, Spruce Holding Company 2 LLC, Spruce Holding Company 3 LLC, and Spruce Manager LLC (collectively and together with their subsidiaries, “Legacy Spruce Power or Spruce Power”) (See Note 3. Business Combinations). Spruce Power was one of the largest privately held owner and operator of residential solar energy systems in the U.S. at the time of the transaction, with approximately 51,000 customer subscribers as of December 31, 2022. Spruce Power sells the power generated by its systems to homeowners pursuant to long-term agreements that obligate subscribers to make recurring monthly payments.

With the completion of the acquisition of Spruce Power, the Company announced that it would analyze strategic alternatives related to its Drivetrain business. In December 2022, the Company announced that it was exiting its Drivetrain business and would be selling a portion of the business for an immaterial amount to Shyft Group USA (“Shyft”) which closed in January 2023. Shyft bought certain technical equipment and assumed the Company’s Wixom, Michigan facility and also offered employment to certain engineers and other sales personnel. Shyft also assumed completion of the Company’s pilot development agreement with the Department of Defense related to vehicle hybridization (with the Company retaining rights to potential future royalties from the program). In the fourth quarter, the Company also announced that it had sold certain battery inventory and its legacy hybrid technology to RMA Group, an automotive and equipment supplier in Southeast Asia.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company ceased Drivetrain operations and began to restructure most of its related Corporate functions.

The Company also began reviewing the operations of its XL Grid business to evaluate its strategic fit with Spruce Power. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company entered into a non-binding letter of intent (“LOI”) for the sale of World Energy for an immaterial amount, with the divestiture closing in January 2023 and the Company ceased XL Grid operations after the closing of the divestiture.

Both the Drivetrain and XL Grid operations are presented as discontinued operations in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of consolidated financial statement presentation: The accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and Article 10 of Regulation S-X (refer to Article 8 as a smaller reporting company). We have condensed or omitted certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP pursuant to the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") regarding interim financial reporting. As such, these interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with our 2022 annual audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2023. Our interim financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary, in our opinion, to state fairly our financial position and results of operations for the reported periods. Amounts reported for interim periods may not be indicative of a full year period because of our continual growth, seasonal fluctuations in demand for power, timing of maintenance and other expenditures, changes in interest expense and other factors.

The accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company include the accounts of its wholly owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities, for which the Company was the primary beneficiary. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date, as well as reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. The Company’s most significant estimates and judgments involve deferred income taxes, warranty reserves, valuation of share-based compensation, the valuation of warrant liability, useful lives of certain assets and liabilities, the valuation of

8

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests, our allowance for current expected credit losses, asset acquisition transactions and the valuation of business combinations, including the fair values and useful lives of acquired assets and assumed liabilities. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material to the Company’s financial statements.

Variable interest entities: The Company consolidates any variable interest entity ("VIE") of which it is the primary beneficiary. The Company formed or acquired VIEs which are partially funded by tax equity investors in order to facilitate the funding and monetization of certain attributes associated with solar energy systems. The typical condition for a controlling financial interest ownership is holding a majority of the voting interests of an entity; however, a controlling financial interest may also exist in entities, such as VIEs, through arrangements that do not involve controlling voting interests. A variable interest holder is required to consolidate a VIE if that party has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company does not consolidate a VIE in which it has a majority ownership interest when the Company is not considered the primary beneficiary. The Company evaluates its relationships with the VIEs on an ongoing basis to determine if it is the primary beneficiary.

The Company's investments in Volta Solar Owner II, LLC, ORE F4 HoldCo, LLC and Level Solar Fund IV LLC (collectively, the "Funds") were determined to be variable interests in VIEs. The Company considered the provisions within the contractual arrangements that grant it power to manage and make decisions that affect the operation of the VIEs, including determining the solar energy systems contributed to the VIEs, and the operation and maintenance of the solar energy systems. The Company considers the rights granted to the other investors under the contractual arrangements to be more protective in nature rather than substantive participating rights. As such, the Company was determined to be the primary beneficiary and the assets, liabilities and activities of the Funds are consolidated by the Company. (See Note 13. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests and Noncontrolling Interests)

Redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests: The distribution rights and priorities for the Funds as set forth in their respective operating agreements differ from the underlying percentage ownership interests of the members. As a result, the Company allocates income or loss to the noncontrolling interest holders of the Funds utilizing the hypothetical liquidation of book value ("HLBV") method, in which income or loss is allocated based on the change in each member's claim on the net assets at the end of each reporting period, adjusted for any distributions or contributions made during such periods. The HLBV method is commonly applied to investments where cash distribution percentages vary at different points in time and are not directly linked to an equity member's ownership percentage.

The HLBV method is a balance sheet-focused approach. Under this method, a calculation is prepared at each reporting date to determine the amount that each member would receive if the entity were to liquidate all of its assets and distribute the resulting proceeds to its creditors and members based on the contractually defined liquidation priorities. The difference between the calculated liquidation distribution amounts at the beginning and the end of the reporting period, after adjusting for capital contributions and distributions, is used to derive each member's share of the income or loss for the period.

Factors used in the HLBV calculation include GAAP income (loss), taxable income (loss), capital contributions, investment tax credits, distributions and the stipulated targeted investor return specified in the subsidiaries' operating agreements. Changes in these factors could have a significant impact on the amounts that investors would receive upon a hypothetical liquidation.

The Company classifies certain noncontrolling interests with redemption features that are not solely within the Company’s control outside of permanent equity in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Redeemable noncontrolling interests are reported using the greater of the carrying value at each reporting date as determined by the HLBV method or the estimated redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Estimating the redemption value of the redeemable noncontrolling interests requires the use of significant assumptions and estimates, such as projected future cash flows.

9

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Concentration of credit risk: Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. At times, such cash may be in excess of the FDIC limit. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had cash in excess of the $250,000 federally insured limit. The Company believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents as most of the balances are kept in treasury bills which are government backed securities.

Cash and cash equivalents: The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash held in banks and money market accounts. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value due to their short-term nature. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are placed with high-credit quality financial institutions and issuers, and at times exceed federally insured limits. To date, the Company has not experienced any credit loss relating to its cash and cash equivalents.

Restricted cash: Restricted cash held at March 31, 2023 of $33.1 million primarily consists of approximately $33.0 million of cash that is subject to restriction due to provisions in the Company's financing agreements and the operating agreements of the Funds that are accounted for as consolidated VIEs. Restricted cash held at December 31, 2022 of $19.8 million primarily consists of approximately $19.7 million of cash that is subject to restriction due to provisions in the Company's financing agreements and the operating agreements of the Funds that are accounted for as consolidated VIEs. The carrying amount reported in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for restricted cash approximates fair value.

The following table provides a reconciliation of Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets to the total amount shown in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	172,797	$	333,461
Restricted cash	33,128		150
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	205,925	$	333,611

Accounts receivable, net: Accounts receivable primarily represents trade receivables from customers that are generally collected in the subsequent month. Accounts receivable is recorded net of an allowance for credit losses, which is based on our assessment of the collectability of customer accounts based on the best available data at the time. Management reviews the allowance by considering factors such as historical experience, customer credit rating, contractual term, aging category and current economic conditions that may affect a customer's ability to pay to identify customers with potential disputes or collection issues. The following table presents the changes in the allowance for credit losses recorded against accounts receivable, net in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	12,164
Impact of ASC 326 adoption	(1,285)
Provision for current expected credit losses	(523)
Balance at end of period	$	10,356

10

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Fair value measurements: The fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities reflects Management’s estimate of amounts that the Company would have received in connection with the sale of the assets or paid in connection with the transfer of the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. For assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis, a three-level hierarchy of measurements based upon observable and unobservable inputs is used to arrive at fair value. Observable inputs are developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s assumptions about valuation based on the best information available in the circumstances. Depending on the inputs, the Company classifies each fair value measurement as follows:

Level 1: Observable inputs that reflect unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date.

Level 2: Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted market prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy must be determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. An assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and consideration of factors specific to the asset or liability.

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, long-term debt, interest rate swaps and warrant liabilities. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximates fair value because of the short-term nature of those instruments. See Note 10. Fair Value Measurements for additional information on assets and liabilities measured at fair value.

Intangible assets, net: The Company’s intangible assets include solar renewable energy credit agreements, performance based incentive agreements, and trade names. The Company amortizes its intangible assets that have finite lives using either the straight-line method or, if reliably determinable, based on the pattern in which the economic benefit of the asset is expected to be utilized. The useful life of the Company’s intangible assets generally range between three years and 30 years. The useful life of intangible assets are assessed and assigned based on the facts and circumstances specific to the acquisition. The Company recognizes the amortization of solar renewable energy agreements and performance based incentive agreements as a reduction to revenue and trade names as amortization expense in selling, general and administrative expenses. 

Unfavorable solar renewable energy agreements: The Company amortizes its unfavorable solar renewable energy agreements that have finite lives using either the straight-line method or, if reliably determinable, based on the pattern in which the economic benefit of the liability is relieved. The useful life of the Company’s liabilities generally range between three years and 6 years. The useful life of liabilities are assessed and assigned based on the facts and circumstances specific to the acquisition. The Company recognizes the amortization of solar renewable energy agreements as revenue. 

Solar energy systems, net: Solar energy systems, net consists of residential solar energy systems which are subject to Customer Agreements. Solar energy systems are recorded at fair value upon acquisition, less any impairment charges. For all acquired systems, the Company calculates depreciation using the straight-line method over the remaining useful life as of the acquisition date based on a 30-year useful life from the date the asset was placed in service. When a solar energy system is sold or otherwise disposed of, a gain (or loss) is recognized for the amount of cash received in excess of the net book value of the solar energy system (or vice versa) at which time the related solar energy system is removed from the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

11

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Depreciation expense of solar energy systems for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $6.0 million and $0 for March 31, 2022.

Other property and equipment, net: Other property and equipment, net is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, or if acquired in a business combination, at fair value as of the date of acquisition less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method, based upon the following estimated useful lives:

Equipment	5 years
Furniture and fixtures	3 years
Computer and related equipment	2 years
Software	2 years
Vehicles	5 years
Leasehold improvements	Lesser of useful life of the asset or remaining life of the lease

Improvements are capitalized, while replacements, maintenance and repairs, which do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets, are expensed as incurred. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any gain or loss on the disposition is recorded in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as a component of other (income) expense, net.

Depreciation expense of other property and equipment for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $0.06 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

Asset retirement obligations (ARO): Customer agreements only require that solar energy systems be removed if: (1) the customer has not renewed the customer agreement or exercised their purchase option and (2) the host customer requests the Company to remove the system. Upon review of the Company's estimate of the probability of required system removal, the Company considered current industry trends and has determined that it is highly probable that the customers will choose to renew their agreements or exercise the buyout option as the systems have an estimated useful life greater than the terms of the customer agreements and would still present value to the customer through cost savings. Therefore, the Company believes that the probability-weighted estimated removal costs are nominal and no ARO liability has been recorded.

Business combinations: The Company accounts for the acquisition of a business using the acquisition method of accounting. Amounts paid to acquire a business are allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the date of acquisition. The Company determines the fair value of purchase consideration, including contingent consideration, and acquired intangible assets based on valuations that use certain information and assumptions provided by Management. The Company allocates any excess purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired to goodwill. The results of operations of acquired businesses are included in the financial statements from the date of acquisition forward. Acquisition-related costs are expensed in periods in which the costs are incurred.

Asset acquisitions: The Company accounts for assets based on their cost to us, including direct and incremental transaction costs incurred by us. An asset acquisition’s cost or the consideration transferred by us is assumed to be equal to the fair value of the net assets acquired. If the consideration transferred is cash, measurement is based on the amount of cash we paid to the seller, as well as transaction costs incurred by us. Consideration given in the form of nonmonetary assets, liabilities incurred or equity interests issued is measured based on either the cost to us or the fair value of the assets or net assets acquired, whichever is more clearly evident. The cost of an asset acquisition is allocated to the assets acquired based on their estimated relative fair values. The Company engages third-party appraisal firms to assist in the fair value determination. Goodwill is not recognized in an asset acquisition.

Prepaid expenses and other current assets: Prepaid expenses and other current assets include prepaid insurance, prepaid rent, and supplies, which are expected to be recognized or realized within the next 12 months.

12

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Impairment of long-lived assets: The Company reviews long-lived assets, including solar energy systems, property and equipment, and intangible assets with definite lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset group’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company groups assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities and evaluate the asset group against the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows do not indicate the carrying amount of the asset group is recoverable, an impairment charge is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value. There has been no impairment charge for the periods presented.

Impairment of goodwill: Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair market value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of acquired businesses. Goodwill is not amortized but instead is annually tested for impairment, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may be impaired. The Company has recorded goodwill in connection with its historical business acquisitions.

The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment assessment at October 1 each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or circumstances arise which indicate that goodwill may be impaired. An assessment can be performed by first completing a qualitative assessment on the Company’s single reporting unit. The Company can also bypass the qualitative assessment in any period and proceed directly to the quantitative impairment test, and then resume the qualitative assessment in any subsequent period. Qualitative indicators that may trigger the need for annual or interim quantitative impairment testing include, among other things, deterioration in macroeconomic conditions, declining financial performance, deterioration in the operational environment, or an expectation of selling or disposing of a portion of the reporting unit. Additionally, a significant change in business climate, a loss of a significant customer, increased competition, a sustained decrease in share price, or a decrease in estimated fair value below book value may trigger the need for interim impairment testing of goodwill.

If the Company believes that, as a result of its qualitative assessment, it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is required. The quantitative test involves comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recorded as a reduction to goodwill with a corresponding charge to earnings in the period the goodwill is determined to be impaired. The income tax effect associated with an impairment of tax-deductible goodwill is also considered in the measurement of the goodwill impairment. Any goodwill impairment is limited to the total amount of goodwill.

The Company determines the fair value of its reporting unit using the market or income approach. Under the market approach method, the Company will compare its book value to the fair value of its public float, utilizing the fair value of its common stock on the measurement date. The income approach of computing fair value is based on the present value of the expected future economic benefits generated by the asset or business, such as cash flows or profits which will then be compared to its book value.

In the first quarter of 2022, the Company believed there were indicators that the carrying amount of its goodwill may be impaired due to a decline in the Company’s stock price and market capitalization. As a result, the Company performed an assessment of its goodwill for impairment. The Company elected to forego the qualitative test and proceeded to perform a quantitative test. The Company compared the book value of its single reporting unit to the fair value of its public float. The market capitalization was below the fair value of the Company by an amount in excess of its reported value of goodwill. As a result, the Company recorded a charge of $8.6 million to fully impair its goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2022. There has been no impairment charge for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Revenue: The Company’s revenue is derived from Residential Solar business which primarily generates revenue through the sale to homeowners of power generated by its residential solar energy systems pursuant to long-term agreements.

Residential Solar Revenues

Energy generation - Customers purchase electricity under PPAs or SLAs. Revenue is recognized from contracts with customers as performance obligations are satisfied at a transaction price reflecting an amount of consideration based upon

13

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

an estimated rate of return which is expressed as the solar rate per kilowatt hour or a flat rate per month as defined in the customer contracts.

•PPAs - Under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"), PPA revenue is recognized when generated based upon the amount of electricity delivered as determined by remote monitoring equipment at solar rates specified under the PPAs.

•SLAs - The Company has SLAs, which do not meet the definition of a lease under ASC 842, Leases ("ASC 842"), and are accounted for as contracts with customers under ASC 606. Revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term as the obligation to provide continuous access to the solar energy system is satisfied. The amount of revenue recognized may not equal customer cash payments because the performance obligation has been satisfied ahead of cash receipt or evenly as continuous access to the solar energy system has been provided. The differences between revenue recognition and cash payments received are reflected in accounts receivable, other assets or deferred revenue, as appropriate.

Solar renewable energy credits - The Company has contracts with third parties to sell Solar Renewable Energy Credits ("SRECs") generated by the solar energy systems for fixed prices. Certain contracts that meet the definition of a derivative may be exempted as normal purchase or normal sales transactions ("NPNS"). NPNS are contracts that provide for the purchase or sale of something other than a financial instrument or derivative instrument that will be delivered in quantities expected to be used or sold over a reasonable period in the normal course of business. The Company's SREC contracts meet these requirements and are designated as NPNS contracts. Such SRECs are exempted from the derivative accounting and reporting requirements, and the Company recognizes revenues in accordance with ASC 606.The Company recognizes revenue for SRECs based on pricing predetermined within the respective contracts at a point of time when the SRECs are transferred.

Government incentives - The Company participates in the Residential Solar Investment Program of Connecticut, which offers a performance-based incentive (“PBI”) for certain of its solar energy systems that are associated with the program (“eligible systems”). PBIs are paid to the Company and recognized as revenue quarterly based on actual per-kilowatt-hour production delivered to the eligible systems. For systems up to 20kW, the Company will be paid a predetermined rate based on the eligible system start date. The program lasts for six years from the eligible systems’ start date. PBI revenue is accounted for under ASC 606 and is earned monthly based upon the actual electricity produced by the system.

Servicing revenue - The Company earns operating and maintenance revenue from third-party residential solar fund customers at pre-determined rates for various operating and maintenance and asset management services as specified in Maintenance Service Agreements ("MSAs") and Operating Service Agreements ("OSAs"). The MSAs and OSAs contain multiple performance obligations, including routine maintenance, nonroutine maintenance, renewable energy certificate management, inventory management, delinquent account collections and customer account management. Pursuant to ASC 606, the Company has elected the "right to invoice" practical expedient and revenue for these performance obligations are recognized as services are rendered based upon the underlying contractual arrangements.

The following table presents the detail of the Company’s revenues as recorded in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

14

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

	3 Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023
PPA revenue	$	7,127
SLA revenue	7,922
Solar renewable energy credit revenue	1,535
Government incentives	24
Servicing revenue	113
Intangibles amortization	443
Other revenue	931
Total	$	18,095

Contract Balances: The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed trade accounts receivable, and deferred revenue (contract liabilities) on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Cost of Revenues: Cost of revenues primarily consists of the depreciation expense relating to the solar energy systems. In addition, this also consists of costs of third parties used to service the systems as well as any cost associated with meter swaps.

Warranties: Customers who purchased the Company's Drivetrain systems were provided limited-assurance-type warranties for equipment and work performed under the contracts. The warranty period typically extends for 3 years following transfer of control of the equipment. The warranties solely relate to correction of product defects during the warranty period, which is consistent with similar warranties offered by competitors. Customers of XL Grid were provided limited-assurance-type warranties for a term of one year for installation work performed under its contracts.

The Company accrues the estimated cost of product warranties for unclaimed charges based on historical experiences and expected results. Should product failure rates and material usage costs differ from these estimated revisions to the estimated warranty liability are required. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded product warranty liabilities and adjusts the balances as required. Warranty expense is recorded as a component of discontinued operations. With the Company’s exit from the Drivetrain business and the subsequent sale of World Energy, the Company will not incur any additional warranty obligations and expects the warranty obligation to substantially run-off over the next 21 months.

The following is a roll-forward of the Company’s accrued warranty liability:

15

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

	For the Three Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022
Balance at the beginning of the period	$	1,125	$	2,547
Accrual for warranties issued	—		28
Transfer of inventory to servicers	(498)		—
Warranty fulfillment charges	—		(172)
Balance at the end of the period	$	627	$	2,403

The warranty liability is included in Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Income taxes: The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities and net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred income taxes are provided for the temporary differences arising between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, and operating loss carry-forwards and credits. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of changes in tax rates is recognized in the Statements of Operations in the period in which the enactment rate changes.

The ultimate recovery of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the amount and timing of future taxable income and other factors such as the taxing jurisdiction in which the asset is to be recovered. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are reduced through the establishment of a valuation allowance if, based on available evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return are accounted for using the more likely than not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement. The determination as to whether the tax benefit will more likely than not be realized is based upon the technical merits of the tax position as well as consideration of the available facts and circumstances. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no uncertain tax position taken or expected to be taken in the Company’s tax returns.

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to regular audits by U.S. federal and state and local tax authorities. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to federal, state or local tax examinations by tax authorities in its major jurisdictions for tax years before 2019. However, net operating loss carryforwards remain subject to examination to the extent they are carried forward and impact a year that is open to examination by tax authorities.

The Company did not recognize any tax related interest or penalties in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements, but would record any such interest and penalties as a component of the provision for income taxes.

There has historically been no federal or state provision for income taxes because the Company has incurred operating losses and maintains a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized no provision for income taxes consistent with the losses incurred and the valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets. As a result, our effective income tax rate is 0% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Share-based compensation: The Company grants stock-based awards to certain employees, directors and non-employee consultants. Awards issued under the Company’s stock-based compensation plans include stock options, restricted stock units and restricted stock awards. For transactions in which the Company obtains employee services in exchange for an award of equity instruments, the cost of the services are measured based on the grant date fair value of the award. The Company recognizes the cost over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the

16

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

award, known as the requisite service period (usually the vesting period). Costs related to plans with graded vesting are generally recognized using a straight-line method.

Stock Options

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock-based awards and recognizes the compensation cost on a straight line basis over the requisite service period of the awards for employee, which is typically the four-year vesting period of the award, and effective contract period specified in the award agreement for non-employee.

The fair value of common stock is determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange at each award grant date.

The determination of the fair value of share-based payment awards utilizing the Black-Scholes model is affected by the stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected life, risk- free interest rate and expected dividends. The Company does not have a significant history of trading of its common stock as it was not a public company until December 21, 2020, and as such expected volatility was estimated using historical volatilities of comparable public entities. The expected life of the awards is estimated based on a simplified method, which uses the average of the vesting term and the original contractual term. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on observed interest rates appropriate for the expected life of the awards. The dividend yield assumption is based on history and expectation of paying no dividends. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units generally vest over the requisite service periods (vesting on a straight–line basis). The fair value of a restricted stock unit award is equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on the grant date. The Company accounts for the forfeiture of equity awards as they occur.

Derivative instruments and hedging activities: The Company utilizes interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk on existing and planned future debt issuances. The fair value of all derivative instruments are recognized as assets or liabilities at the balance sheet date on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of the interest rate swaps are calculated by discounting the future net cash flows to the present value based on the terms and conditions of the agreements and the forward interest rate curves. As these inputs are based on observable data and valuations of similar instruments, the interest rate derivatives are primarily categorized in Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Warrant Liabilities: As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has outstanding private warrants it assumed with the December 2020 merger transaction with XL Hybrids, Inc. With the merger, the Company assumed private placement warrants to purchase 4,233,333 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of $11.50 per share (the "Private Warrants").

The Private Warrants do not meet the criteria for equity classification and must be recorded as liabilities. As the Private Warrants meet the definition of a derivative, they were measured at fair value at inception and at each reporting date with changes in fair value recognized in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Private Warrants were valued using a Black-Scholes model, with significant inputs consisting of risk-free interest rate, remaining term, expected volatility, exercise price, and the Company’s stock price.

Segment Reporting: Segment reporting is based on the “management approach,” following the method that management organizes the Company’s reportable segments for which separate financial information is made available to, and evaluated regularly by, the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in allocating resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company determined that the Drivetrain and XL Grid operations were discontinued operations which resulted in the Company having one operating segment of selling electricity through residential solar energy systems or through residual ownership in master lease agreements.

17

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Net income (loss) per share: Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period determined using the treasury stock and if-converted methods. For purposes of the diluted income (loss) per share calculation, stock options, restricted stock units, restricted stock and warrants are considered to be potentially dilutive securities. Potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation of diluted income (loss) per share when their effect would be anti-dilutive.

Related parties: A party is considered to be related to the Company if the party directly or indirectly or through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. A party which can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties or if it has an ownership interest in one of the transacting parties and can significantly influence the other to an extent that one or more of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests is also a related party.

Recent accounting pronouncements:

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses of Financial Instruments, (ASU 2016-13) which, together with subsequent amendments, amends the requirement on the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held to replace the incurred loss model for financial assets measured at amortized cost and require entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2023. We adopted this ASU in January 2023 using the modified retrospective approach for our trade accounts receivable which resulted in a cumulative-effect adjustment to stockholders' equity of approximately $1.3 million. Results for reporting periods prior to 2023 continue to be presented in accordance with previously applicable GAAP while results for subsequent reporting periods are presented under ASC 326.

The following table presents the impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

(Amounts in thousands)	Accounts receivable, net
Balance at beginning of period (pre-ASC 326 adoption)	$	8,336
Impact of ASC 326 adoption	1,285
Balance at beginning of period (post-ASC 326 adoption)	$	9,621

Note 3. Business Combinations

Spruce Power

On September 9, 2022, the Company acquired Legacy Spruce Power for $32.6 million which consisted of cash payments of $61.8 million less cash and restricted cash acquired of $29.2 million. Management evaluated which entity should be

18

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 3. Business Combinations, continued

considered the accounting acquirer in the transaction by giving consideration to the form of consideration transferred, the composition of the equity holders, the composition of voting rights of the Board of Directors, continuity of management structure, and size of the respective organizations. Based on the evaluation of the applicable factors, Management noted that all factors, with the exception of relative size of organization, were indicators that the Company was the acquiring entity resulting in Management’s conclusion that for accounting purposes the Company acquired Legacy Spruce Power.

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination. The Company allocated the Legacy Spruce Power purchase price to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date, September 9, 2022. The excess of the purchase price over those fair values was recorded to goodwill. The Company's evaluations of the facts and circumstances available as of September 9, 2022, to assign fair values to assets acquired and liabilities assumed are ongoing. As we complete further analysis of assets including solar systems, intangible assets, as well as noncontrolling interests and debt, additional information on the assets acquired and liabilities assumed becomes available. A change in information related to the value of net assets acquired may change the amount of the purchase price assigned to goodwill, and as a result, the preliminary fair values set forth below are subject to adjustment as additional information is obtained and valuations are completed. Provisional adjustments are recognized during the reporting period in which the adjustments are determined. The Company expects to finalize the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable, but no later than one year from the acquisition date.

Accounting for business combinations requires our management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at the acquisition date including our estimates for solar systems, production based incentives, solar renewable energy agreements, non-controlling interest, trade names and debt, where applicable. Although we believe the assumptions and estimates are based on information obtained from the management of the acquired companies and are inherently uncertain. Critical estimates in valuing solar systems under the income approach include future expected cash flows and discount rate. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that may affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results.

The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocation of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquisition of Spruce Power, as adjusted, during the measurement period:

19

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 3. Business Combinations, continued

(Amounts in thousands)	Initial Purchase Price Allocation		Measurement Period Adjustments		Updated Purchase Price Allocation
Total purchase consideration:
Cash, net of cash acquired, and restricted cash	$	32,585	$	—	$	32,585
Allocation of consideration to assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Accounts receivable, net	10,995		—		10,995
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	6,768		(2,405)		4,363
Solar energy systems	406,298		89,268		495,566
Other property and equipment	337		—		337
Intangible assets	—		11,980		11,980
Interest rate swap assets	26,698		—		26,698
Right-of-use asset	3,279		(328)		2,951
Other assets	358		(102)		256
Goodwill	158,636		(129,879)		28,757
Accounts payable	(2,620)		(22)		(2,642)
Unfavorable solar renewable energy agreements	—		(10,500)		(10,500)
Accrued expenses	(13,061)		(241)		(13,302)
Lease liability	(3,382)		42		(3,340)
Long-term debt	(510,002)		2,772		(507,230)
Other liabilities	(335)		292		(43)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(51,384)		39,123		(12,261)

As reflected in the preceding table, as a result of updated valuation reports the Company adjusted solar energy systems and intangible assets with corresponding changes to goodwill. In the first quarter of 2023, due to the change in the provisional amounts assigned to intangible assets and solar energy systems the Company recognized $0.4 million of revenue, $1.9 million of depreciation expense and $0.4 million of trade name amortization of which $(0.5) million of revenue, $0.9 million of depreciation expense and $0.3 million of trade name amortization relates to previous year.

During Q1 2023, the Company adjusted the fair value of its noncontrolling interest and its redeemable noncontrolling interest in the Company's financials which resulted in the recognition of adjustments of $(5.5) million and $0.2 million, respectively. Additional paid in Capital was adjusted by $(1.8) million which includes the fair value adjustment associated with the purchase of 100% of the membership interests in Ampere Solar Owner IV, LLC, ORE F5A HoldCo, LLC, ORE F6 HoldCo, LLC, RPV Fund 11 LLC and RPV Fund 13 LLC, Sunserve Residential Solar I, LLC's and Level Solar Fund III, LLC in 2022.

The intangible assets are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)	Asset Amount		Liability Amount		Estimated Life (in years)
Solar renewable energy agreements	$	340	$	10,500	6.0
Performance based incentives agreements	$	3,240	$	—	13.0
Tradenames	$	8,400	$	—	30.0

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Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 3. Business Combinations, continued

The weighted-average useful life of the intangibles identified above is approximately 16.0 years, which approximates the period over which the Company expects to gain the estimated economic benefits.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase consideration over the estimated acquisition date fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill is primarily attributable to the Company's ability to leverage and use its existing capital and access to capital markets along with Spruce Power's established operations and mergers and acquisition capabilities to grow the Spruce Power business.

Supplemental disclosure of pro forma information:

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of the operations of the Company with Legacy Spruce Power as if the acquisition of Legacy Spruce Power on September 9, 2022 had occurred as of January 1, 2022. The results of operations related to the Company’s Drivetrain and XL Grid businesses, which were determined to be discontinued operations in the fourth quarter of 2022, are presented as net loss from discontinued operations. The unaudited pro forma revenues and pro forma net (loss) income reflect the continuing operational results of the Company’s corporate functions and the results of operations for Legacy Spruce Power. The unaudited pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of what the consolidated results of operations actually would have been had the respective acquisitions been completed on January 1, 2022. In addition, the unaudited pro forma financial information does not purport to project the future results of operations of the combined Company.

The following table presents the Company’s pro forma combined results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022:

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)	2022
Revenues	$	16,991
Net income from continuing operations	$	10,649
Net loss from discontinued operations	(15,943)
Net income	$	(5,294)
Per share amounts:
Net income from continuing operations - basic	$	0.08
Net income from continuing operations - diluted	$	0.08
Net loss from discontinued operations - basic	$	(0.11)
Net loss from discontinued operations - diluted	$	(0.11)

Note 4. Acquisition of Master lease agreement (SEMTH)

In furtherance of its growth strategy, on March 23, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of all the issued and outstanding interests in SEMTH (the “SEMTH Acquisition”) from certain funds managed by HPS Investment Partners, LLC (“HPS”), pursuant to a Membership Interest Purchase And Sale Agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) dated as of March 23, 2023. The SEMTH assets include 20-year use rights to the customer payment stream (“SEMTH Master Lease”) of approximately 22,500 residential solar leases and power purchase agreements. The Company acquired SEMTH for approximately $23 million of cash, net of cash received, and assumed $125 million of outstanding senior indebtedness (See

21

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 4. Acquisition of Master lease agreement (SEMTH), continued

Note 8. Long-Term Debt) and Interest rate swaps with Deutsche Bank AG, New York Bank (See Note 12. Interest Rate Swaps) held by SEMTH, and its subsidiaries at the close of the acquisition.

The purchase of SEMTH Lessor's future revenue has been accounted for as an acquisition of financial assets. Under the acquisition method, the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair value. All fair value measurements of assets acquired and liabilities assumed were based on significant estimates and assumptions, including Level 3 (unobservable) inputs, which require judgment. Estimates and assumptions include the projected timing and amount of future cash flows, discount rates reflecting risk inherent in future cash flows and future utility prices.

For the purposes of establishing the fair value of the Company's investment in SEMTH Master lease, its analysis considers cash flows beginning in March 2023 (the effective date of the transaction). The Company estimated the fair value of its investment in SEMTH Master lease to be approximately $146.9 million on the transaction date.

Note 5. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Solar energy systems	$	494,008	$	401,754
Less accumulated depreciation	(11,989)		(5,928)
Solar energy systems, net	$	482,019	$	395,826
Equipment	$	47	$	48
Furniture and fixtures	294		294
Computers	239		222
Software	—		6
Leasehold improvements	65		65
Gross other property and equipment	645		635
Less accumulated depreciation	(336)		(293)
Other property and equipment, net	$	309	$	342
Property and equipment, net	$	482,328	$	396,168

22

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 6. Intangible Assets, net

The following table presents the detail of Intangible assets, net as recorded in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023
Intangible assets:
Solar renewable energy agreements	$	340
Performance based incentives agreements	3,240
Tradenames	8,400
Less accumulated amortization	(1,137)
Intangible assets, net	$	10,843

Note 7. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued interest	$	11,172	$	6,586
Professional fees	2,785		1,749
Accrued contingencies	2,677		2,300
Accrued compensation and related benefits	2,261		6,526
Accrued expenses, other	1,648		3,696
Accrued taxes	1,230		—
Accrued servicing expense	248		—
Accrued equity distributions	33		—
Accrued settlements	—		451
Deferred purchase price consideration – World Energy	—		201
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	22,054	$	21,509

Note 8. Long-Term Debt

In connection with the acquisition of Legacy Spruce Power, the Company assumed certain long-term debt instruments as of September 9, 2022, the acquisition date of Legacy Spruce Power. In connection with accounting for the business combination, the Company adjusted the carrying value of this long-term debt to its fair value as of the acquisition date. This fair value adjustment resulted in a reduction of the carrying value of the debt by $35.2 million. This adjustment to fair

23

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 8. Long-Term Debt, continued

value will be amortized to interest expense over the life of the related debt instruments using the effective interest method. Amortization expense for the fair value adjustment for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $1.5 million.

As part of the acquisition of SEMTH (See Note 4. Acquisition of Master lease agreement (SEMTH)), the Company assumed newly added Debt with Deutsche Bank AG, New York Bank.

Deutsche Bank Credit Agreement

Prior to acquisition of SEMTH (SET Borrower 2022, LLC (“SET Borrower”) by the Company, SEMTH entered into a Credit Agreement with Deutsche Bank AG, New York Bank (“DB Credit Agreement”) as the Facility Agent, On June 10, 2022, which consisted of a term loan of $125.0 million. The DB Credit Agreement is collateralized with all of the assets and property of SET Borrower. The term loan bears interest at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus the applicable margin. The applicable margin is 2.25% per annum through the first twelve months, 2.50% for the following six months, and 2.75% for the next six months, and 3.00% through the maturity date. The interest rate on the DB Credit Agreement as of March 31, 2023 was 7.03%. The DB Credit Agreement requires SET Borrower to be in compliance with various affirmative and negative covenants. As of March 31, 2023, SET Borrower was in compliance with the covenants contained in the DB Credit Agreement. The term loan requires quarterly payments, which began on August 17, 2022, should the outstanding loan balance exceed the borrowing base on such calculation date with the remaining balance due in a single payment on August 18, 2025.

Note 9. ROU Assets and Lease Liabilities

The Company’s right-of-use ("ROU") assets and lease liabilities are comprised of the following:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Operating leases:
Right-of-use assets	$	3,150	$	2,686
Lease liability, current	1,225		781
Lease liability, non-current	2,784		2,365
Finance leases:
Right-of-use assets	34		116
Lease liability, current	54		53
Lease liability, non-current	48		61

Other information related to leases is presented below:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(Amounts in thousands)	2023			2022
Other information:
Operating lease cost	$	321		$	227
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	417		$	240
Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases (in months)	42.7			81.1
Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases	4.3		%	9.7		%

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Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

As of March 31, 2023, the annual minimum lease payments of our operating lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

For The Years Ending December 31,
2023 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2023)	$	634
2024	770
2025	675
2026	689
2027	346
Thereafter	—
Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted	3,114
Less: imputed interest	(895)
Present value of future minimum lease payments	$	4,009

Note 10. Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses various assumptions and methods in estimating the fair values of its financial instruments.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The Private Warrants were valued using a Black-Scholes model, pursuant to the inputs provided in the table below:

	Assumptions for Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Input	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Risk-free rate	3.88		%	1.11		%
Remaining term in years	2.73			3.98
Expected volatility	70.5		%	88.8		%
Exercise price	$	11.50		$	11.50
Fair value of common stock	$	0.82		$	3.31

The Company's interest rate swaps are not traded on a market exchange and the fair values are determined using a valuation model based on a discounted cash flow analysis. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the interest rate swap agreements and uses observable market-based inputs, including estimated future LIBOR interest rates. The fair value of the Company's interest rate swap is the net difference in the discounted future fixed cash payments and the discounted expected variable cash receipts. The variable cash receipts are based on the expectation of future interest rates and are

25

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 10. Fair Value Measurements, continued

observable inputs available to a market participant. The interest rate swap valuation is classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The debt balances as presented in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets approximate the fair value of the respective instruments as the debt is at a variable rate, the estimates of which are considered Level 2 fair value calculations within the fair value hierarchy.

The following table sets forth the Company’s assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy:

	Fair Value Measurements as of March 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands)	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Asset:
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	27,737	$	—	$	27,737
Liability:
Private Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	142	$	142

	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2022
(Amounts in thousands)	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Asset:
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	32,252	$	—	$	32,252
Liabilities:
Private Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	256	$	256
Fair value of obligation to issue shares of common stock to sellers of World Energy	—		—		151		151
Total	$	—	$	—	$	407	$	407

The following is a roll forward of the Company’s Level 3 instruments:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands)	Liability
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	407
Fair value adjustments – Warrant liability	(114)
Share settlement of World Energy Liability	(151)
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	142

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Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 11. Share-Based Compensation Expense

Share-based compensation expense for stock options and restricted stock units for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $0.8 million and $0.4 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, there was $5.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options which is expected to be recognized over the remaining vesting periods, with a weighted-average period of 3.4 years.

Stock Options

The Company grants stock options to certain employees that will vest over a period of one to four years. A summary of stock option award activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was as follows:

Options	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	6,091,271	$	1.39	2.7
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(1,081,679)	0.25
Cancelled or forfeited	(528,176)	6.94
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	4,481,416	$	1.02	2.6
Exercisable at March 31, 2023	4,318,930	$	0.95	2.6

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding as of March 31, 2023 was $2.2 million. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercisable as of March 31, 2023 was $2.2 million. Cash received from options exercised for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

Restricted Stock Units

The Company grants restricted stock units to certain employees that will generally vest over a period of four years. The fair value of restricted stock unit awards is estimated by the fair value of the Company’s Common Stock at the date of grant. Restricted stock units activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was as follows:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Non-vested, at December 31, 2022	9,832,707	$	1.30
Granted	—	—
Vested	(2,731,919)	2.03
Cancelled or forfeited	(766,815)	1.36
Non-vested, at March 31, 2023	6,333,973	$	1.28

27

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 11. Share-Based Compensation Expense, continued

CEO's Ladder Restricted Stock Unit Award

On September 9, 2022, in connection with the acquisition of Legacy Spruce Power and his appointment as President of XL Fleet, the Company granted to CEO a restricted stock unit award (the "Ladder RSUs") of 1,666,666 shares of common stock. The Ladder RSUs vest in 10% increments on the dates the Plan administrator certifies the applicable milestone stock prices have been achieved or exceeded, provided that CEO remains employed on the date of certification and such achievement occurs within ten years of the date of the grant.

The Company used a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model to determine the fair value of the award which is presently accounted for as a liability. The following inputs were used in the simulation: grant date stock price of $1.17, annual volatility of 85.0%, risk-free interest rate of 3.3% and dividend yield of 0.0%. For each tranche, a fair value was calculated as well as a derived service period which represents the median number of years it is expected to take for the Ladder RSUs to meet their corresponding milestone stock price excluding the simulation paths that result in the Ladder RSUs not vesting within the 10 year term of the agreement. Each tranche's fair value will be amortized ratably over the respective derived service period.

The Company recognized approximately $0.1 million of expense related to the Ladder RSUs for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Note 12. Interest Rate Swaps

The purpose of the swap agreements is to convert the floating interest rate on the Credit Agreements of the Company to a fixed rate. As of March 31, 2023, the notional amount of the interest rate swaps covers approximately 96% of the balance of the Company’s floating rate term loans.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the change in the fair value of the interest rate swaps was $5.6 million reflected within Change in Fair Value of Interest Rate Swaps within Other Income (Expense) and $2.5 million were realized gains reflected within Interest Expense, Net in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 10. Fair Value Measurements for the method used to determine fair value of interest rate swaps. Above amounts also includes Deutsche Bank swap which was assumed by the Company as part of SEMTH asset acquisition transaction.

Note 13. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest and Noncontrolling Interests

The following table summarizes redeemable noncontrolling interest and noncontrolling interests as of March 31, 2023:

Tax Equity Entity	Date Class A Member Admitted
Redeemable noncontrolling interest:
Level Solar Fund IV LLC	December 2016
Noncontrolling interests:
ORE F4 Holdco, LLC	August 2014
Volta Solar Owner II, LLC	August 2017

The tax equity entities were structured at inception so that the allocations of income and loss for tax purposes will flip at a date in the future. The terms of the tax equity entities' operating agreements contain allocations of taxable income (loss), Section 48(a) ITCs and cash distributions that vary over time and adjust between the members on an agreed date (referred to as the flip date). The operating agreements specify either a date certain flip date or an internal rate of return ("IRR") flip date. The date certain flip date is based on the passage of a fixed period of time as defined in the operating agreements for each entity. The IRR flip date is the date on which the tax equity investor has achieved a contractual rate of return. From

28

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 13. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest and Noncontrolling Interests, continued

inception through the flip date, the Class A members' allocation of taxable income (loss) and Section 48(a) ITCs is generally 99% and the Class B members' allocation of taxable income (loss) and Section 48(a) ITCs is generally 1%. After the related flip date (or, if the tax equity investor has a deficit capital account, typically after such deficit has been eliminated), the Class A members' allocation of taxable income (loss) will typically decrease to 5% (or, in some cases, a higher percentage if required by the tax equity investor) and the Class B members' allocation of taxable income (loss) will increase by an inverse amount.

The redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests are comprised of Class A units, which represent the tax equity investors' interest in the tax equity entities. Both the Class A members and Class B members may have call options to allow either member to redeem the other member's interest in the tax equity entities upon the occurrence of certain contingent events, such as bankruptcy, dissolution/liquidation and forced divestitures of the tax equity entities. Additionally, the Class B members may have the option to purchase all Class A units, which is typically exercisable at any time during the periods specified under their respective governing documents, and, in regards to the tax equity entities classified as redeemable noncontrolling interests, also have the contingent obligation to purchase all Class A units if the Class A members exercise their right to withdraw, which is typically exercisable at any time during the nine-month period commencing upon the applicable flip date. The carrying values of the redeemable noncontrolling interests were equal to or greater than the estimated redemption values as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Total assets on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets includes $43.5 million for March 31, 2023 and $47.8 million for December 31, 2022 of assets held by variable interest entities ("VIEs") which can only be used to settle obligations of the VIEs.

Total liabilities on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets includes $1.1 million for March 31, 2023 and $0.8 million for December 31, 2022 of liabilities that are the obligations of VIEs.

Note 14. Restructuring

The following table summarizes the activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 in the restructuring liability for employee termination charges. There was no such liability outstanding as of March 31, 2022.

(Amounts in thousands)	Balance at December 31, 2022		Additions		Payments		Balance at March 31, 2023
Employee termination charges	$	3,429	$	723	$	(2,978)	$	1,174

Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies

Sponsorship Commitment: In February 2021, the Company agreed to a sponsorship agreement with several entities related to the UBS Arena, Belmont Park and the NY Islanders Hockey Club. Pursuant to that Agreement, the Company was designated an “Official Electric Transportation Partner of UBS Arena” with various associated marketing and branding rights, including the development of electric vehicle charging stations. The sponsorship agreement has a term of three years with a sponsor fee of approximately $500,000 per year, of which approximately $250,000 was paid in June 2021 and the second payment of $250,000 was accrued on December 31, 2021 and paid in January 2022. One of the directors of the Company is a co-owner of the NY Islanders Hockey Club. In the second quarter of 2022, the Company exercised its option to terminate the final two years of the agreement and will incur no further sponsor fees. The Company has incurred costs of approximately $700,000 related to future opportunities to develop electric vehicle charging stations on the UBS Arena area.

29

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies, continued

Legal proceedings: The Company is periodically involved in legal proceedings, legal actions and claims arising in the normal course of business, including proceedings relating to product liability, intellectual property, safety and health, employment and other matters. Management believes that the outcome of such legal proceedings, legal actions and claims will not have a significant adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Putative securities class action complaints

On March 8, 2021, two putative securities class action complaints were filed in the federal district court for the Southern District of New York against the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors. Those cases were consolidated and a lead plaintiff appointed in June 2021, and an amended complaint filed on July 20, 2021 alleging that certain public statements made by the defendants between October 2, 2020 and March 2, 2021 violated Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The Company believes that the allegations asserted in the amended complaint are without merit and is vigorously defending the lawsuit. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will be successful. At this time, the Company is unable to estimate potential losses, if any, related to the lawsuit.

On September 20, 2021 and October 19, 2021, two class action complaints were filed in the Delaware Court of Chancery against certain of the Company’s current officers and directors, and the Company’s SPAC sponsor, Pivotal Investment Holdings II LLC. The actions were consolidated as In re XL Fleet (Pivotal) Stockholder Litigation, C.A. No. 2121-0808, and an amended complaint was filed on January 31, 2022. The amended complaint alleges various breaches of fiduciary duty, and aiding and abetting breaches of fiduciary duty, for purported actions relating to the negotiation and approval of the December 21, 2020 merger and organization of legacy XL Hybrids Inc. to become XL Fleet Corp., and purportedly materially misleading statements made in connection with the merger. The Company believes that the allegations asserted in both the class action complaints are without merit and is vigorously defending the lawsuit. At this time, the Company is unable to estimate potential losses, if any, related to the lawsuit.

In March 2023, two shareholder derivative actions were filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware. One action is captioned Reali v. Griffin, et al., Case No. 1:23-cv-00289 (the “Reali Action”), and the other action is captioned Tucci v. Ledecky, et al., 1:23-cv-00322 (the “Tucci Action”). The Company believes that the allegations asserted in both complaints are without merit and is vigorously defending the lawsuit. At this time, the Company is unable to estimate potential losses, if any, related to the lawsuits.

Securities and Exchange Commission Subpoena

On January 6, 2022, the Company received a subpoena from the SEC requesting the production of certain documents related to, among other things, the Company’s business combination with XL Hybrids, Inc. and the related PIPE financing, the Company’s sales pipeline and revenue projections, purchase orders, suppliers, CARB approvals, fuel economy from Drivetrain products, customer complaints, and disclosures and other matters in connection with the foregoing. The SEC has informed the Company that its current investigation is a fact-finding inquiry. The SEC has also informed the Company that the investigation does not mean that it has concluded that anyone has violated the law and does not mean that it has a negative opinion of any person, entity or security. To date, the Company has provided the requested information and cooperated fully with the SEC investigation. At this time, the Company is unable to estimate potential losses, if any, related to the investigation.

Val Kay derivatively on behalf of nominal defendant XL Fleet Corp

On June 23, 2022, the Company received a shareholder derivative complaint filed in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts, captioned Val Kay derivatively on behalf of nominal defendant XL Fleet Corp, against all current directors and prior officers and directors. The action was filed by a shareholder purportedly on behalf of the Company, and raises claims for contribution, as well as claims for breach of fiduciary duty, waste of corporate assets, unjust enrichment, and abuse of control. The factual allegations concern alleged false or misleading statements about the Company’s sales pipeline, supply chain issues, low reorder rates, and the Company’s technology. The Company believes that the allegations

30

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies, continued

asserted in the action are without merit and is vigorously defending the lawsuit. At this time, the Company is unable to estimate potential losses, if any, related to the lawsuit.

US Bank

On February 9, 2023, US Bank, through its affiliate Firstar Development LLC, filed a motion for summary judgment in lieu of a complaint in New York Supreme Court (the trial level in New York) alleging that the Company failed to fulfill its reimbursement obligations under a 2019 tax recapture guaranty agreement between the parties arising from the alleged recapture by the IRS of tax credits taken by Firstar Development LLC as an investor in the Company’s subsidiary Ampere Solar Owner I, LLC. The $2.5 million alleged liability claim was fully reserved at the time of the Company’s acquisition of Legacy Spruce Power in September 2022, and is not expected to be material to the Company. The Company believes that the allegations asserted in the action are without merit and is vigorously defending the lawsuit. At this time, the Company is unable to estimate potential losses, if any, related to the lawsuit.

Master SREC purchase and sale agreement

The Company has forward sales agreements related to a certain number of SRECs to be generated from the Company’s solar energy systems located in Maryland, Massachusetts, Delaware, and New Jersey to be sold at fixed prices over varying terms of up to 20 years. In the event the Company does not deliver such SRECs to the counter-party, the Company could be forced to pay additional penalties and fees as stipulated within the contracts.

Guarantees

In connection with the acquisition RPV Holdco 1, guaranty agreements were established by and between Spruce Holding Company 1, LLC, Spruce Holding Company 2, LLC, and Spruce Holding Company 3, LLC (“Spruce Guarantors”) and the investor members in the Funds in May 2020. The Spruce Guarantors entered into guaranties in favor of the tax equity investors under which they guaranteed the payment and performance of Solar Service Experts, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, under the Spruce Power 2 Maintenance Services Agreement, and the Class B Member under the Limited Liability Company Agreement (“LLCA”). These guaranties are subject to a maximum of the aggregate amount of capital contributions made by the Class A Member under the LLCA.

Indemnities and guarantees

During the normal course of business, Spruce Power has made certain indemnities and guarantees under which it may be required to make payments in relation to certain transactions. The duration of Spruce Power's indemnities and guarantees varies, but the majority of these indemnities and guarantees are limited in duration. Historically, Spruce Power has not been obligated to make significant payments for these obligations, does not anticipate future payments, and no liabilities have been recorded for these indemnities and guarantees.

ITC recapture provisions

The IRS may disallow and recapture some, or all, of the Investment Tax Credits due to improperly calculated basis after a project was placed in service ("Recapture Event"). If a Recapture Event occurs, Spruce Power is obligated to pay the applicable Class A Member a recapture adjustment, which includes the amounts the Class A Members are required to repay the IRS, including interest and penalties, as well as any third-party legal and accounting fees incurred by the Class A Members in connection to the Recapture Event, as specified in the operating agreements. Such a payment by Spruce Power to the Class A Members are not to be considered a capital contribution to the fund per the operating agreements, nor would it be considered a distribution to the Class A Members. With the exception of the tax matter related to Ampere Solar Owner I noted above, a Recapture Event was not deemed to be probable by the Company, therefore no accrual has been recorded as of March 31, 2023.

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Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 16. Net Loss Per Share

The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used to calculate basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to stockholders	$	(19,395)	$	(16,077)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic	146,207,666		141,274,249
Dilutive effect of options, warrants, and restricted stock units	—		—
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted	146,207,666		141,274,249
Net loss attributable to stockholders per share, basic	$	(0.13)	$	(0.11)
Net loss attributable to stockholders per share, diluted	$	(0.13)	$	(0.11)

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 potential dilutive securities, which include stock options, warrants and restricted stock units have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would be to reduce the net loss per share. Therefore, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share is the same.

Note 17. Discontinued Operations

In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company discontinued the operations of its Drivetrain and XL Grid operations. The following provides supplemental detail of the Company’s discontinued operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The following table presents financial results from discontinued operations in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(Amounts in thousands)	2023		2022
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations:
Drivetrain	$	109	$	(5,896)
XL Grid	(3,975)		(1,441)
Impairment of goodwill	—		(8,606)
Total	$	(3,866)	$	(15,943)

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Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 17. Discontinued Operations, continued

XL Grid

The following table presents financial results of XL Grid operations:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(Amounts in thousands)	2023		2022
Revenues	$	149	$	4,165
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues - inventory and other direct costs	148		2,988
Loss on asset disposal	3,233		—
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	743		2,618
Total operating expenses	4,124		5,606
Net loss from discontinued operations	$	(3,975)	$	(1,441)

Drivetrain

The following table presents financial results of Drivetrain operations:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(Amounts in thousands)	2023		2022
Revenues	$	9	$	598
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues - inventory and other direct costs	(138)		2,208
Engineering, research, and development	—		2,989
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	—		1,297
Other	38		—
Total operating expenses	(100)		6,494
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations	$	109	$	(5,896)

The following table presents aggregate carrying amounts of assets and liabilities of discontinued operations in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

33

Spruce Power Holding Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 17. Discontinued Operations, continued

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets from discontinued operations:
Drivetrain	$	71	$	3,604
XL Grid	—		7,373
Goodwill	—		—
Total assets from discontinued operations	$	71	$	10,977
Liabilities from discontinued operations:
Drivetrain	$	802	$	5,743
XL Grid	—		3,648
Total liabilities from discontinued operations	$	802	$	9,391

Note 18. Subsequent Event

Stock Repurchase Program Authorization

The Board of Directors of the Company has authorized a share repurchase program for the purchase of up to $50 million of the Company's outstanding common stock. The share repurchase program is effective immediately and lasts through May 15, 2025.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis provides information which our management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our financial condition and results of operations. This discussion and analysis should be read together with our results of operations and financial condition and the audited and unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes that are included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited financial information and the notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 30, 2023. In addition to historical financial information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. See the section entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Actual results and timing of selected events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. The following information and any forward-looking statements should be considered in light of factors discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of the Annual Report.

Certain figures, such as interest rates and other percentages, included in this section have been rounded for ease of presentation. Percentage figures included in this section have not in all cases been calculated on the basis of such rounded figures but on the basis of such amounts prior to rounding. For this reason, percentage amounts in this section may vary slightly from those obtained by performing the same calculations using the figures in our consolidated financial statements or in the associated text. Certain other amounts that appear in this section may similarly not sum due to rounding.

As used in this discussion and analysis, references to “SPRU,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer only to Spruce Power Holding Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. Depending on the context, "Spruce Power" may refer to Legacy Spruce Power prior to its acquisition by the Company on September 9, 2022, or it may also refer to the operation of Legacy Spruce Power's business by the Company after such acquisition.

Overview

Spruce Power is a leading owner and operator of distributed solar energy assets across the United States, owning 72,000 home solar assets and contracts across the United States and making renewable energy more accessible to everyone. The Company generates revenues primarily through the sale of electricity generated by its residential solar energy systems to homeowners pursuant to long-term agreements that obligate the Company’s subscribers to make recurring monthly payments, and the servicing of those agreements for other institutional owners of residential solar energy systems. In addition, the Company also earns interest income from the investment made under the master lease with SS Holdings 2017, LLC and its subsidiaries ("SEMTH" and the “SEMTH Acquisition”).

Corporate Strategy

The Company’s corporate strategy has three key elements:

a.Leveraging the Spruce Power platform to become a leading provider of subscription-based solutions for distributed energy resources – Spruce Power has more than a decade of experience owning and operating rooftop solar systems as well as energy efficiency upgrades. The Company believes that Spruce Power’s proven platform for managing residential solar can be extended to other categories of distributed energy resources. Through leveraging the Spruce Power platform, the Company intends to grow its revenues by providing subscription-based solutions for rooftop solar, energy storage, EV charging and other energy-related products to homeowners and small businesses. The Company is focused on delivering best-in-class customer service, with investment into process and platform improvement for on-site monitoring, customer billing and working with qualified partners for field services.

b.Profitably growing return on assets by focusing on channels with the lowest customer acquisition cost – The Company seeks to grow its subscriber revenues by focusing on the channels that have lowest customer acquisition costs and the ability to increase return on assets, including: acquiring existing systems from other companies or investment funds, selling additional services to existing subscribers, selling services to new customers online and partnering with selected independent installers to provide a subscription-based solution for their customers.

c.Increasing shareholder value by delivering predictable revenues, profits and cash flow – By focusing on subscription-based solutions with long-term customer agreements, the Company seeks to generate consistent revenues, profits and cash flow.

Background

The Company previously provided fleet electrification solutions for commercial vehicles in North America, offering its systems for vehicle electrification (the “Drivetrain” segment) and through its energy efficiency and infrastructure solutions

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business, including offering and installing charging stations to enable customers to effectively and cost-effectively develop the charging infrastructure required for their electrified vehicles (the “XL Grid” segment).

In the first quarter of 2022, the Company initiated a strategic review of its overall business operations which included assessing its offerings, strategy, processes and growth opportunities which resulted in various restructuring actions. Following the strategic review and restructuring, the Company announced its decision to pursue transformational M&A which ultimately resulted in the Company acquiring Spruce Power in September 2022. Spruce Power was the largest privately held owner and operator of residential rooftop solar systems in the U.S. at the time of the transaction, with more than 52,000 customer subscribers. Spruce Power has grown by acquiring portfolios of residential solar systems from other companies and investors rather than selling individual systems to homeowners through a direct-to-consumer salesforce like many of its competitors. This approach allowed the company to keep its customer acquisition costs low and enabled it to generate consistent Adjusted EBITDA.

In parallel with the change in strategy and acquisition of Spruce Power, the Company initiated a comprehensive review of strategic alternatives for its Drivetrain business with the goal of maximizing shareholder value which culminated in the discontinuing of the Company’s Drivetrain and XL Grid operations in December 2022.

Recent Developments

Capital Investments, Acquisitions and Divestitures

In January 2023, the Company completed the exiting of the legacy XL Fleet operations, including the Drivetrain business and XL Grid business.

In March 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of all the issued and outstanding interests in SEMTH. Total consideration for the SEMTH acquisition included approximately $23 million of cash, net of cash received, and the assumption of $125 million of outstanding senior indebtedness held by SEMTH at the close of the acquisition

Common Share Repurchase Program

In May 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program for the repurchase of up to $50 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock. The term of the program is through May 15, 2025. The Company is not obligated to repurchase any specific number of shares or dollar amount, and may discontinue this share repurchase program at any time.

Key Factors Affecting Operating Results

The Company is a leading owner and operator of distributed solar energy assets across the United States, offering subscription-based solutions to homeowners for rooftop solar energy storage, EV chargers and other energy-related products. Additionally, the Company provides servicing functions for its assets and customers, as well as for other institutional owners of residential solar energy systems. The Company’s operating results and ability to grow its business over time could be impacted by certain factors and trends that affect our industry, as well as elements of the Company’s strategy, such as:

Development of Distributed Energy Assets

The Company’s future growth depends significantly on its ability to acquire operating residential solar energy systems “in-bulk” from other companies. Industry data suggests there is a substantial existing base of operating residential solar energy systems, providing the Company opportunity to pursue M&A. Over the long-term, the continued ability to pursue M&A is dependent on development of distributed energy assets by third parties, namely residential solar energy systems. This development may be impacted by numerous factors that influence homeowner demand for residential solar energy systems including but not limited to macroeconomic dynamics, climate change impacts, and government policy and incentives.

Availability of Financing

The Company’s ability to raise capital from third parties at reasonable terms is a critical element in supporting ownership of our existing residential solar energy assets as well as enabling our future growth. The Company has historically utilized non-recourse, project-level debt as a primary source of capital for acquisitions. The Company’s ability to raise debt either as means to refinance existing indebtedness or for future acquisitions may be impacted by general macroeconomic conditions, the health of debt capital markets, the interest rate environment, and general concerns over its industry or specific concerns over its business.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022

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The results of operations related to the Company’s Drivetrain and XL Grid businesses, which were determined to be discontinued operations in the fourth quarter of 2022, are presented as net loss from discontinued operations in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. As a result, the continuing operational results reflect the operations related to the Company’s corporate functions and the results of operations for Spruce Power since its acquisition on September 9, 2022.

Information with respect to the consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 are presented below:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2023		2022		$ Change		% Change
Revenues	$	18,095	$	—	$	18,095	N.M.	%
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues	7,853		—		7,853		N.M.	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	15,717		7,734		7,983		103	%
Loss from operations	(5,475)		(7,734)		2,259		(29)	%
Other (income) expense	9,503		(7,600)		17,103		(225)	%
Net loss from continuing operations	(14,978)		(134)		(14,844)		11078	%
Net loss from discontinued operations	(3,866)		(15,943)		12,077		(76)	%
Net loss	(18,844)		(16,077)		(2,767)		17	%
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	551		—		551		N.M.	%
Net loss attributable to stockholders	$	(19,395)	$	(16,077)	$	(3,318)	21	%
Net loss per common share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.13)	$	(0.11)	$	(0.02)	17	%

Revenues

Revenues and cost of revenues represent the residential solar energy system revenues and related costs from the acquisition of Legacy Spruce Power on September 9, 2022. Revenues and cost of revenues related to the Company’s Drivetrain and XL Grid operations are included in the net loss from discontinued operations.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased by $8.0 million to $15.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $7.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Selling, general, and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 include the ongoing operations of the Company’s residential solar business and corporate functions as well as certain remaining costs associated with the Company’s historic operations including certain integration related costs as well as legal costs related to the SEC investigation and shareholder lawsuits. Selling, general, and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 primarily consists of the Company’s corporate functions as well as legal costs related to the SEC investigation and certain costs not allocated to the operating segments. Selling, general, and administrative expenses related to the Company’s previous Drivetrain and XL Grid segments have been reclassed to discontinued operations.

Other (Income) Expense

Other expense was $9.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 versus $7.6 million of income for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Other expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 includes $6.8 million of interest expense, net and $5.6 million of expense from the change in the fair value of interest rate swaps used by the Company to reduce the effect of the volatility of its variable-rate debt. Interest expense and the impact of the change in the fair value of the interest rate swap relate to debt and interest rate swap agreement the Company assumed with the September 2022 acquisition of Legacy Spruce Power. Higher interest expense associated with the Company’s debt is partially offset by

37

higher interest rate income associated with higher interest rates in the current year. The Company also recognized approximately $2.7 million of gains for the sale of solar systems for customer contract buyouts.

In the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recognized a gain on the extinguishment of debt of $4.5 million and a gain from the change in fair value of its warrant liability of $2.7 million, as compared to a gain from the change in fair value of the warrant liability of $0.1 million in 2023. Partially offsetting the impact of these items was $2.7 million of gains in 2023 related to the disposal of assets.

Net loss from discontinued operations

Net loss from discontinued operations decreased to $3.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $15.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The decrease reflects the Company’s exit of Drivetrain business in the fourth quarter of 2022 and the sale of World Energy Efficiency Services in January of 2023. The loss from discontinued operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily consists on the loss from the sale of World Energy Efficiency Services.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company’s cash requirements depend on many factors, including the execution of its business strategy. The Company remains focused on carefully managing costs, including capital expenditures, maintaining a strong balance sheet, and ensuring adequate liquidity. The Company’s primary cash needs are for debt service, acquisition of solar systems, operating expenses, working capital and capital expenditures to support the growth in its business. Working capital is impacted by the timing and extent of the Company’s business needs. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had working capital of $182.7 million, including cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash of $205.9 million.

With the acquisition of Legacy Spruce Power in September 2022, the Company assumed all of the outstanding debt of Legacy Spruce Power which had a principal balance of $542.5 million on the date of the acquisition. With the SEMTH acquisition in the first quarter of 2023, the Company assumed $125 million of debt. As of March 31, 2023, the Company has $620.1 million of long-term debt, including current portions. The Company is required to complete debt service coverage ratio calculations on a quarterly basis as part of its debt covenants. All debt covenant requirements were satisfied as of the March 31, 2023 analyses.

Based on the Company’s current liquidity, management believes that no additional capital will be needed to execute its current business plan over the next 12 months. The Company continually evaluates its cash needs to raise additional funds or seek alternative sources to invest in growth opportunities and other purposes.

Cash Flows Summary

Presented below is a summary of our operating, investing and financing cash flows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Net cash provided by (used in)
Continuing operating activities	$	(3,678)	$	(10,476)
Discontinued operating activities	(4,573)		(8,620)
Continuing investing activities	(20,377)		—
Discontinued investing activities	325		754
Continuing financing activities	(5,916)		248
Discontinued financing activities	—		(121)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(34,219)	$	(18,215)

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Cash Flows Used in Operating Activities

The net cash used in continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 consists of the operations of Legacy Spruce Power and incremental operating costs associated with being a public company. The cash used in continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 primarily consist of corporate costs and certain other costs that were not allocated to the operating units. The decrease in cash used in continuing operating activities is reflective of positive impact of the residential solar business.

Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 include $23.1 million of cash paid, net of cash acquired for the SEMTH acquisition partially offset by $1.0 million of proceeds from the investment and $1.8 million of proceeds from the sale of solar energy systems.

Cash Flows Used in Financing Activities

The net used in financing activities includes $6.1 million for the repayment of long term debt.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company did not have any relationships with unconsolidated organizations or financial partnerships, such as structured finance or special purpose entities, which were established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles of the U.S. as set forth in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC"), and we evaluate the various staff accounting bulletins and other applicable guidance issued by the SEC. The preparation of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the consolidated balance sheet date, as well as the reported expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company’s significant accounting policies are consistent with those discussed in Note2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements and MD&A section of the Company’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to its historical financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (see Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies note to the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements). The Company has identified the following accounting policies as its most critical because they require a greater degree of judgment and complexity:

● Acquisitions

● Revenue recognition

● Warrant liabilities

● Inventories

● Warranties

● Impairment of long-lived assets

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● Goodwill

● Valuation of deferred tax assets

● Redeemable noncontrolling interest and noncontrolling interests

● Interest Rate Swaps

New and Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

For information with respect to recent accounting pronouncements and the impact of these pronouncements on the Company's Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, see Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

The Company is a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and is not required to provide the information under this item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The term “disclosure controls and procedures” is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act, as “controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act are recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms.” The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that material information relating to the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries is accumulated and communicated to its Management, including its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

The Company’s Management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2023. Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of March 31, 2023, because of the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting described below.

Notwithstanding the identified material weaknesses, Management believes that the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q present fairly, in all material respects, the Company's financial position, results of operations, and cash flows as of and for the periods presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP

Material Weaknesses in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A material weakness is a deficiency or combination of deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of its financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. These deficiencies could result in misstatements to the Company's financial statements that would be material and would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

As previously disclosed under “Item 9A – Controls and Procedures” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, Management concluded that its internal control over financial reporting was not effective based on the material weakness identified related to the ineffective design and implementation of Information Technology General Controls (“ITGC”). The Company’s ITGC deficiencies included improperly designed controls pertaining to user access rights and segregation of duties over systems that are critical to the Company’s system of financial reporting.

40

In the course of preparing the financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2023, Management identified a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting, which relates to review and approval of manual journal entries and related segregation of duties. The Company has not designed and maintained effective controls over the review and approval of manual journal entries, including implementing appropriate segregation of duties.

In addition, Management identified a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting related to the accounting for complex transactions. Specifically, Management determined that the Company did not maintain an effective control environment as it did not have sufficient resources, resulting in the lack of effectively designed controls to account for complex transactions.

These deficiencies represent material weaknesses in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement with respect to the Company’s significant accounts and disclosures will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Remediation Plan

Management continues its efforts to integrate Legacy Spruce Power’s internal controls over financial reporting into the Company’s financial reporting framework and to enhance the Company’s remediation plan related to its ITGC material weakness. As disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, with the acquisition of Legacy Spruce Power and the evaluation of strategic alternatives for the Company’s Drivetrain and XL Grid businesses, the Company exited the Drivetrain and XL Grid businesses and took certain restructuring actions to integrate and remove corporate function redundancies. Related to this integration the Company has been evaluating all aspects of its internal control framework to identify and remediate any potential gaps and to identify any other opportunities to ensure the effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls.

The material weaknesses will not be considered remediated until Management designs and implements effective controls that operate for a sufficient period of time and Management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are effective. Management will monitor the effectiveness of its integration and remediation plans and will make changes Management determines to be appropriate.

While Management believes that these efforts will improve the Company's internal controls over financial reporting, the implementation of these measures is ongoing and will require validation and testing of the design and operating effectiveness of internal controls over a sustained period of financial reporting cycles.

Management believes the Company is making progress toward achieving the effectiveness of its internal controls and disclosure controls. The actions that Management is taking are subject to ongoing Management review, as well as audit committee oversight. Management will not be able to conclude whether the steps it is taking will fully remediate these material weaknesses in the Company's internal control over financial reporting until Management has completed its remediation efforts and subsequent evaluation of their effectiveness. Management will continue to assess the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting and take steps to remediate the known material weaknesses expeditiously.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Internal control over financial reporting has inherent limitations which include but is not limited to the use of independent professionals for advice and guidance, interpretation of existing and/or changing rules and principles, segregation of management duties, scale of organization, and personnel factors. The Principal Financial and Accounting Officer and Chief Financial Officer are the same individual. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgement and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of management override or improper acts, if any, have been detected. These include, for example, the possibility of human errors or mistakes, or of controls being circumvented by collusion or inappropriate management override. Controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. Due to their inherent limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. It is possible to design safeguards to reduce, but not eliminate, this risk. However these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process and it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, that

41

have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

For a description of our material pending legal proceedings, see Legal Proceedings in Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 30, 2023 except as described below. Investors are encouraged to review these risk factors prior to making an investment in the Company and in conjunction with their review of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Adverse developments affecting the financial services industry, such as actual events or concerns involving liquidity, defaults, or non-performance by financial institutions or transactional counterparties, could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Actual events involving limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance or other adverse developments that affect financial institutions or other companies in the financial services industry or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks, have in the past and may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems. We maintain deposits at financial institutions as a part of doing business that could be at risk if another similar event were to occur. Our ongoing cash management strategy is to maintain the majority of our deposit accounts in large "money center" financial institutions, but there can be no assurance this strategy will be successful. Increasing concerns regarding the U.S. or international financial systems, including bank failures and bailouts, and their potential broader effects and potential systemic risk on the banking sector generally, may adversely affect our access to capital. Any decline in available funding or access to our cash and liquidity resources could, among other risks, limit our ability to meet our capital needs and fund future growth or fulfill our other obligations, or result in breaches of our financial and/or contractual obligations. Any of these impacts, or any other impacts resulting from the factors described above or other related or similar factors not described above, could have material adverse impacts on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Not applicable.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No.	Description	Included	Form	Filing Date
31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a- 14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002.	Herewith
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a- 14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002.	Herewith
32.1^*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	Herewith
32.2^*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	Herewith
101.INS*	Inline XBRL Instance Document	Herewith
101.SCH*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	Herewith
101.CAL*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	Herewith
101.LAB*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document	Herewith
101.PRE*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	Herewith
104*	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).	Herewith

*	Filed herewith
+	Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
∧	In accordance with Item 601(b)(32)(ii) of Regulation S-K and SEC Release No. 34-47986, the certifications furnished in Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 hereto are deemed to accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act of 1933 except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.

44

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	SPRUCE POWER HOLDING CORPORATION
Date: May 17, 2023	By:	/s/ Christian Fong
	Name:	Christian Fong
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: May 17, 2023	By:	/s/ Donald P. Klein
	Name:	Donald P. Klein
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

45

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT RULES 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Christian Fong, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Form 10-Q of Spruce Power Holding Corporation;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13-a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to me by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under my supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 17, 2023	By:	/s/ Christian Fong
		Christian Fong
		Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT RULES 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Donald P. Klein, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Form 10-Q of Spruce Power Holding Corporation.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13-a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to me by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under my supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 17, 2023	By:	/s/ Donald P. Klein
		Donald P. Klein
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and  Principal Accounting Officer )

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Spruce Power Holding Corporation (the “Corporation”) on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Christian Fong, as Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation.

Date: May 17, 2023	By:	/s/ Christian Fong
		Christian Fong Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. This certification shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liability of Section 18 of the Exchange Act. Such certification shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference.

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Spruce Power Holding Corporation (the “Corporation”) on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Donald P. Klein, as Chief Financial Officer of the Corporation, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation.

Date: May 17, 2023	By:	/s/ Donald P. Klein
		Donald P. Klein, Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer )

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. This certification shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liability of Section 18 of the Exchange Act. Such certification shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference.

XML

Cover - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	May 09, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document type	10-Q
Document quarterly report	true
Document period end date	Mar. 31, 2023
Document transition report	false
Entity file number	001-38971
Entity registrant name	Spruce Power Holding Corporation
Entity incorporation, state or country code	DE
Entity tax identification number	83-4109918
Entity address, address line one	1875 Lawrence Street, Suite 320
Entity address, city or town	Denver
Entity address, state or province	CO
Entity address, postal zip code	80202
City area code	(866)
Local phone number	903-2399
Title of 12(b) security	Shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value
Trading symbol	SPRU
Security exchange name	NYSE
Entity current reporting status	Yes
Entity interactive data current	Yes
Entity filer category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity small business	true
Entity emerging growth company	false
Entity shell company	false
Entity common stock, shares outstanding		149,213,869
Entity central index key	0001772720
Current fiscal year end date	--12-31
Document fiscal period focus	Q1
Document fiscal year focus	2023
Amendment flag	false

XML

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 172,797	$ 220,321
Restricted cash	33,128	19,823
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $10.4 million and $12.2 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	11,395	8,336
Interest rate swap assets, current	11,263	10,183
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	7,046	5,316
Current assets of discontinued operations	71	10,977
Total current assets	235,700	274,956
Investment under SEMTH master lease agreement	146,889	0
Property and equipment, net	482,328	396,168
Interest rate swap assets, non-current	16,474	22,069
Intangible assets, net	10,843	0
Deferred rent assets	1,961	1,626
Right-of-use assets	3,184	2,802
Goodwill	28,757	128,548
Other assets	257	383
Total assets	926,393	826,552
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	25,674	25,314
Accounts payable	2,206	2,904
Deferred revenue, current	63	39
Lease liability, current	1,279	834
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	22,054	21,509
Current liabilities of discontinued operations	802	9,097
Total current liabilities	52,078	59,697
Long-term debt, net of current portion	594,395	474,441
Deferred revenue	718	452
Lease liability, non-current	2,832	2,426
Warrant liabilities	142	256
Unfavorable solar renewable energy agreements	9,363	0
Other long-term liabilities	1,478	10
Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations	0	294
Total liabilities	661,006	537,576
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	178	85
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 350,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 148,395,370 and 144,375,226 issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	14	14
Additional paid-in capital	472,693	473,277
Noncontrolling interests	3,954	8,942
Accumulated deficit	(211,452)	(193,342)
Total stockholders’ equity	265,209	288,891
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interests and stockholders’ equity	926,393	826,552
Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary
Current assets:
Total assets	43,500	47,800
Current liabilities:
Total liabilities	$ 1,100	$ 800

XML

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 10.4	$ 12.2
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	350,000,000	350,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	148,395,370	144,375,226
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	148,395,370	144,375,226

XML

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 18,095	$ 0
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues	7,853	0
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	15,717	7,734
Total operating expenses	23,570	7,734
Loss from operations	(5,475)	(7,734)
Other (income) expense:
Interest expense, net	6,816	12
Gain on extinguishment of debt	0	(4,527)
Gain on assets disposal	(2,658)	0
Change in fair value of obligation to issue shares of common stock to sellers of World Energy	0	(361)
Change in fair value of warrant liability	(115)	(2,717)
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps	5,588	0
Other income, net	(128)	(7)
Net loss from continuing operations	(14,978)	(134)
Net loss from discontinued operations (including loss on disposal of $(3,083))	(3,866)	(15,943)
Net loss	(18,844)	(16,077)
Net income (loss)	551	0
Net loss attributable to stockholders	$ (19,395)	$ (16,077)
Net loss attributable to stockholders per share, basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.11)
Net loss attributable to stockholders per share, diluted (in dollars per share)	(0.13)	(0.11)
Net loss from discontinued operations - basic (in dollars per share)	(0.03)	(0.11)
Net loss from discontinued operations - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.03)	$ (0.11)
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic (in shares)	146,207,666	141,274,249
Weighted-average shares outstanding, diluted (in shares)	146,207,666	141,274,249

XML

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Parentheticals) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net loss from discontinued operation	$ (3,083)

XML

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment	Impact of ASC 326 adoption	Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests	Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Additional Paid-In Capital Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment	Noncontrolling Interests	Noncontrolling Interests Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Deficit Impact of ASC 326 adoption
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021						140,540,671
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 361,810					$ 14	$ 461,207		$ 0		$ (99,411)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Exercise of stock options (in shares)						1,312,320
Exercise of stock options	$ 258						258
Issuance of restricted stock (in shares)						2,205
Issuance of shares as contingent consideration relating to Quantum business acquisition (in shares)	100,000
Issuance of shares as contingent consideration relating to Quantum business acquisition	$ 186						186
Stock-based compensation expense	381						381
Net loss	(16,077)										(16,077)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022						141,955,196
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	346,558					$ 14	462,032		0		(115,488)
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022				$ 85
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Capital distributions to noncontrolling interests				(108)
Net income (loss)				(39)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023				$ 178
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022						144,375,226
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	288,891		$ 1,285			$ 14	473,277		8,942		(193,342)	$ 1,285
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Exercise of stock options (in shares)						1,081,679
Exercise of stock options	283						283
Issuance of restricted stock (in shares)						2,731,919
Issuance of common stock (in shares)						206,546
Issuance of common stock	150						150
Capital distributions to noncontrolling interests	(88)								(88)
Stock-based compensation expense	796						796
Net income / (loss)	(18,805)								590		(19,395)
Net loss	(18,844)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023						148,395,370
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 265,209					$ 14	$ 472,693		$ 3,954		$ (211,452)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Temporary Equity, Fair Value Adjustment For Acquisition					240,000
Adjustments To Additional Paid In Capital, Fair Value Adjustment For Acquisition		$ (7,303)						$ (1,813)		$ (5,490)

XML

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Operating activities:
Net loss	$ (18,844)	$ (16,077)
Net loss from discontinued operations	3,866	15,943
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation	796	381
Bad debt expense	174	0
Depreciation and amortization expense	6,004	556
Change in fair value of obligation to issue shares of common stock	0	(361)
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps	5,588	0
Fair value change of warrant liability	(115)	(2,717)
Interest income under the investment in Master Lease	(213)	0
Gain on extinguishment of debt	0	(4,527)
Gain on disposal of assets	(2,658)	0
Loss on disposal of World Energy	3,083	0
Impairment expense	73	0
Change in operating right-of-use assets	15	0
Interest on finance leases	0	1
Amortization of debt discount	1,455	0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	(1,948)	0
Deferred rent assets	(335)	0
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	432	(757)
Other assets	126	0
Accounts payable	(698)	(611)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(769)	(2,307)
Deferred revenue	290	0
Net cash used in continuing operating activities	(3,678)	(10,476)
Net cash used in discontinued operating activities	(4,573)	(8,620)
Investing activities:
Sale of solar energy systems	1,763	0
Purchases of other property, plant and equipment	(12)	0
Proceeds received from investment under the SEMTH master lease	1,011	0
Cash paid to acquire SEMTH assets, net of cash acquired	23,139	0
Net cash used in continuing investing activities	(20,377)	0
Net cash provided by discontinued investing activities	325	754
Financing activities:
Repayments of long term debt	(6,141)	0
Repayments under financing leases	(12)	(10)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	150	0
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	283	258
Capital distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(196)	0
Net cash (used in) provided by continuing financing activities	(5,916)	248
Net cash provided by discontinued investing activities	0	(121)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:	(34,219)	(18,215)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	240,144	351,826
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	205,925	333,611
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest expense paid	4,050	18
Supplemental disclosures of noncash investing and financing information:
Settlement of contingent liability through issuance of shares	$ 0	$ 186

XML

Organization and Description of Business

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and Description of Business

Organization and Description of Business

Description of Business: Spruce Power Holding Corporation (formerly known as XL Fleet Corp.) and its subsidiaries ("Spruce Power" or the “Company”) is a leading owner and operator of distributed solar energy assets across the United States, offering subscription-based services to approximately 72,000 customers and making renewable energy more accessible to everyone.

The Company generates revenues primarily through the sale of electricity generated by its residential solar energy systems to homeowners pursuant to long-term agreements that obligate the Company’s subscribers to make recurring monthly payments, and the servicing of those agreements for other institutional owners of residential solar energy systems. In addition, the Company also generates cash flows and earns interest income from the investment made during the first quarter of 2023 under the master lease with SS Holdings 2017, LLC and its subsidiaries ("SEMTH").

The Company holds subsidiary fund companies that own and operate portfolios of residential solar energy systems. The solar energy systems are subject to solar lease agreements ("SLAs") and power purchase agreements ("PPAs", together with the SLAs, "Customer Agreements") with residential customers who benefit from the production of electricity produced by the solar energy systems. The solar energy systems may qualify for subsidies, renewable energy credits and other incentives as provided by various states and local agencies. These benefits have generally been retained by the Company's subsidiaries that own the systems, with the exception of the investment tax credit under Section 48 of the Internal Revenue Code ("IRC"), which were generally passed through to the various financing partners of the solar energy systems.

The Company also engages in the energy efficiency and solar loan servicing. The Company offers services which include asset management services and operating and maintenance services for residential solar photovoltaic projects, in addition to, loan servicing support that allows residential consumers to finance energy efficiency home improvements and residential solar energy systems.

Discontinued Operations:

Historically the Company had provided fleet electrification solutions for commercial vehicles in North America, offering its systems for vehicle electrification (the “Drivetrain” segment) and through its energy efficiency and infrastructure solutions business, including offering and installing charging stations to enable customers to effectively and cost effectively develop the charging infrastructure required for their electrified vehicles (the “XL Grid” segment).

In the first quarter of 2022, the Company initiated a strategic review of its overall business operations which included assessing its offerings, strategy, processes and growth opportunities. As a result of the strategic review, in the first quarter of 2022 the Company made the following decisions relating to a restructuring of its Drivetrain business: (i) the elimination of a substantial majority of the Company’s hybrid drivetrain products; (ii) the elimination of its Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (“PHEV”) products; (iii) the reduction in the size of the Company’s workforce by approximately 50 employees; (iv) the closure of the Company’s production center and warehouse in Quincy, IL; (v) the closure of the Company’s engineering activities in its Boston office; and (vi) the termination of the Company’s partnership with eNow.

Following the strategic review, the Company announced its decision to pursue transformational mergers and acquisition (“M&A”) opportunities, enabled by a significant cash balance resulting from the Company’s go-public transaction completed in December 2020. This included the implementation of a process to institutionalize the M&A effort including the formation of an investment committee comprised of senior members of our team and members of the Board. The objective was to continue the exploration of value-generative opportunities in the decarbonization and energy transition ecosystem, focused on three core requirements, (i) a business that is making an impact on decarbonization, (ii) a leader in an established, growing market segment, and (iii) a company that is generating positive EBITDA.

As a result of these efforts, on September 9, 2022, the Company acquired 100% of the membership interests of Spruce Holding Company 1 LLC, Spruce Holding Company 2 LLC, Spruce Holding Company 3 LLC, and Spruce Manager LLC (collectively and together with their subsidiaries, “Legacy Spruce Power or Spruce Power”) (See Note 3. Business Combinations). Spruce Power was one of the largest privately held owner and operator of residential solar energy systems in the U.S. at the time of the transaction, with approximately 51,000 customer subscribers as of December 31, 2022. Spruce Power sells the power generated by its systems to homeowners pursuant to long-term agreements that obligate subscribers to make recurring monthly payments.

With the completion of the acquisition of Spruce Power, the Company announced that it would analyze strategic alternatives related to its Drivetrain business. In December 2022, the Company announced that it was exiting its Drivetrain business and would be selling a portion of the business for an immaterial amount to Shyft Group USA (“Shyft”) which closed in January 2023. Shyft bought certain technical equipment and assumed the Company’s Wixom, Michigan facility and also offered employment to certain engineers and other sales personnel. Shyft also assumed completion of the Company’s pilot development agreement with the Department of Defense related to vehicle hybridization (with the Company retaining rights to potential future royalties from the program). In the fourth quarter, the Company also announced that it had sold certain battery inventory and its legacy hybrid technology to RMA Group, an automotive and equipment supplier in Southeast Asia.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company ceased Drivetrain operations and began to restructure most of its related Corporate functions.

The Company also began reviewing the operations of its XL Grid business to evaluate its strategic fit with Spruce Power. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company entered into a non-binding letter of intent (“LOI”) for the sale of World Energy for an immaterial amount, with the divestiture closing in January 2023 and the Company ceased XL Grid operations after the closing of the divestiture.

Both the Drivetrain and XL Grid operations are presented as discontinued operations in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of consolidated financial statement presentation: The accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and Article 10 of Regulation S-X (refer to Article 8 as a smaller reporting company). We have condensed or omitted certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP pursuant to the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") regarding interim financial reporting. As such, these interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with our 2022 annual audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2023. Our interim financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary, in our opinion, to state fairly our financial position and results of operations for the reported periods. Amounts reported for interim periods may not be indicative of a full year period because of our continual growth, seasonal fluctuations in demand for power, timing of maintenance and other expenditures, changes in interest expense and other factors.

The accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company include the accounts of its wholly owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities, for which the Company was the primary beneficiary. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date, as well as reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. The Company’s most significant estimates and judgments involve deferred income taxes, warranty reserves, valuation of share-based compensation, the valuation of warrant liability, useful lives of certain assets and liabilities, the valuation of

redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests, our allowance for current expected credit losses, asset acquisition transactions and the valuation of business combinations, including the fair values and useful lives of acquired assets and assumed liabilities. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material to the Company’s financial statements.

Variable interest entities: The Company consolidates any variable interest entity ("VIE") of which it is the primary beneficiary. The Company formed or acquired VIEs which are partially funded by tax equity investors in order to facilitate the funding and monetization of certain attributes associated with solar energy systems. The typical condition for a controlling financial interest ownership is holding a majority of the voting interests of an entity; however, a controlling financial interest may also exist in entities, such as VIEs, through arrangements that do not involve controlling voting interests. A variable interest holder is required to consolidate a VIE if that party has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company does not consolidate a VIE in which it has a majority ownership interest when the Company is not considered the primary beneficiary. The Company evaluates its relationships with the VIEs on an ongoing basis to determine if it is the primary beneficiary.

The Company's investments in Volta Solar Owner II, LLC, ORE F4 HoldCo, LLC and Level Solar Fund IV LLC (collectively, the "Funds") were determined to be variable interests in VIEs. The Company considered the provisions within the contractual arrangements that grant it power to manage and make decisions that affect the operation of the VIEs, including determining the solar energy systems contributed to the VIEs, and the operation and maintenance of the solar energy systems. The Company considers the rights granted to the other investors under the contractual arrangements to be more protective in nature rather than substantive participating rights. As such, the Company was determined to be the primary beneficiary and the assets, liabilities and activities of the Funds are consolidated by the Company. (See Note 13. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests and Noncontrolling Interests)

Redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests: The distribution rights and priorities for the Funds as set forth in their respective operating agreements differ from the underlying percentage ownership interests of the members. As a result, the Company allocates income or loss to the noncontrolling interest holders of the Funds utilizing the hypothetical liquidation of book value ("HLBV") method, in which income or loss is allocated based on the change in each member's claim on the net assets at the end of each reporting period, adjusted for any distributions or contributions made during such periods. The HLBV method is commonly applied to investments where cash distribution percentages vary at different points in time and are not directly linked to an equity member's ownership percentage.

The HLBV method is a balance sheet-focused approach. Under this method, a calculation is prepared at each reporting date to determine the amount that each member would receive if the entity were to liquidate all of its assets and distribute the resulting proceeds to its creditors and members based on the contractually defined liquidation priorities. The difference between the calculated liquidation distribution amounts at the beginning and the end of the reporting period, after adjusting for capital contributions and distributions, is used to derive each member's share of the income or loss for the period.

Factors used in the HLBV calculation include GAAP income (loss), taxable income (loss), capital contributions, investment tax credits, distributions and the stipulated targeted investor return specified in the subsidiaries' operating agreements. Changes in these factors could have a significant impact on the amounts that investors would receive upon a hypothetical liquidation.

The Company classifies certain noncontrolling interests with redemption features that are not solely within the Company’s control outside of permanent equity in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Redeemable noncontrolling interests are reported using the greater of the carrying value at each reporting date as determined by the HLBV method or the estimated redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Estimating the redemption value of the redeemable noncontrolling interests requires the use of significant assumptions and estimates, such as projected future cash flows.

Concentration of credit risk: Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. At times, such cash may be in excess of the FDIC limit. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had cash in excess of the $250,000 federally insured limit. The Company believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents as most of the balances are kept in treasury bills which are government backed securities.

Cash and cash equivalents: The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash held in banks and money market accounts. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value due to their short-term nature. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are placed with high-credit quality financial institutions and issuers, and at times exceed federally insured limits. To date, the Company has not experienced any credit loss relating to its cash and cash equivalents.

Restricted cash: Restricted cash held at March 31, 2023 of $33.1 million primarily consists of approximately $33.0 million of cash that is subject to restriction due to provisions in the Company's financing agreements and the operating agreements of the Funds that are accounted for as consolidated VIEs. Restricted cash held at December 31, 2022 of $19.8 million primarily consists of approximately $19.7 million of cash that is subject to restriction due to provisions in the Company's financing agreements and the operating agreements of the Funds that are accounted for as consolidated VIEs. The carrying amount reported in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for restricted cash approximates fair value.

The following table provides a reconciliation of Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets to the total amount shown in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	172,797	$	333,461
Restricted cash	33,128		150
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	205,925	$	333,611

Accounts receivable, net: Accounts receivable primarily represents trade receivables from customers that are generally collected in the subsequent month. Accounts receivable is recorded net of an allowance for credit losses, which is based on our assessment of the collectability of customer accounts based on the best available data at the time. Management reviews the allowance by considering factors such as historical experience, customer credit rating, contractual term, aging category and current economic conditions that may affect a customer's ability to pay to identify customers with potential disputes or collection issues. The following table presents the changes in the allowance for credit losses recorded against accounts receivable, net in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	12,164
Impact of ASC 326 adoption	(1,285)
Provision for current expected credit losses	(523)
Balance at end of period	$	10,356

Fair value measurements: The fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities reflects Management’s estimate of amounts that the Company would have received in connection with the sale of the assets or paid in connection with the transfer of the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. For assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis, a three-level hierarchy of measurements based upon observable and unobservable inputs is used to arrive at fair value. Observable inputs are developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s assumptions about valuation based on the best information available in the circumstances. Depending on the inputs, the Company classifies each fair value measurement as follows:

Level 1: Observable inputs that reflect unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date.

Level 2: Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted market prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy must be determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. An assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and consideration of factors specific to the asset or liability.

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, long-term debt, interest rate swaps and warrant liabilities. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximates fair value because of the short-term nature of those instruments. See Note 10. Fair Value Measurements for additional information on assets and liabilities measured at fair value.

Intangible assets, net: The Company’s intangible assets include solar renewable energy credit agreements, performance based incentive agreements, and trade names. The Company amortizes its intangible assets that have finite lives using either the straight-line method or, if reliably determinable, based on the pattern in which the economic benefit of the asset is expected to be utilized. The useful life of the Company’s intangible assets generally range between three years and 30 years. The useful life of intangible assets are assessed and assigned based on the facts and circumstances specific to the acquisition. The Company recognizes the amortization of solar renewable energy agreements and performance based incentive agreements as a reduction to revenue and trade names as amortization expense in selling, general and administrative expenses. 

Unfavorable solar renewable energy agreements: The Company amortizes its unfavorable solar renewable energy agreements that have finite lives using either the straight-line method or, if reliably determinable, based on the pattern in which the economic benefit of the liability is relieved. The useful life of the Company’s liabilities generally range between three years and 6 years. The useful life of liabilities are assessed and assigned based on the facts and circumstances specific to the acquisition. The Company recognizes the amortization of solar renewable energy agreements as revenue. 

Solar energy systems, net: Solar energy systems, net consists of residential solar energy systems which are subject to Customer Agreements. Solar energy systems are recorded at fair value upon acquisition, less any impairment charges. For all acquired systems, the Company calculates depreciation using the straight-line method over the remaining useful life as of the acquisition date based on a 30-year useful life from the date the asset was placed in service. When a solar energy system is sold or otherwise disposed of, a gain (or loss) is recognized for the amount of cash received in excess of the net book value of the solar energy system (or vice versa) at which time the related solar energy system is removed from the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Depreciation expense of solar energy systems for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $6.0 million and $0 for March 31, 2022.

Other property and equipment, net: Other property and equipment, net is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, or if acquired in a business combination, at fair value as of the date of acquisition less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method, based upon the following estimated useful lives:

Equipment	5 years
Furniture and fixtures	3 years
Computer and related equipment	2 years
Software	2 years
Vehicles	5 years
Leasehold improvements	Lesser of useful life of the asset or remaining life of the lease

Improvements are capitalized, while replacements, maintenance and repairs, which do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets, are expensed as incurred. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any gain or loss on the disposition is recorded in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as a component of other (income) expense, net.

Depreciation expense of other property and equipment for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $0.06 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

Asset retirement obligations (ARO): Customer agreements only require that solar energy systems be removed if: (1) the customer has not renewed the customer agreement or exercised their purchase option and (2) the host customer requests the Company to remove the system. Upon review of the Company's estimate of the probability of required system removal, the Company considered current industry trends and has determined that it is highly probable that the customers will choose to renew their agreements or exercise the buyout option as the systems have an estimated useful life greater than the terms of the customer agreements and would still present value to the customer through cost savings. Therefore, the Company believes that the probability-weighted estimated removal costs are nominal and no ARO liability has been recorded.

Business combinations: The Company accounts for the acquisition of a business using the acquisition method of accounting. Amounts paid to acquire a business are allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the date of acquisition. The Company determines the fair value of purchase consideration, including contingent consideration, and acquired intangible assets based on valuations that use certain information and assumptions provided by Management. The Company allocates any excess purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired to goodwill. The results of operations of acquired businesses are included in the financial statements from the date of acquisition forward. Acquisition-related costs are expensed in periods in which the costs are incurred.

Asset acquisitions: The Company accounts for assets based on their cost to us, including direct and incremental transaction costs incurred by us. An asset acquisition’s cost or the consideration transferred by us is assumed to be equal to the fair value of the net assets acquired. If the consideration transferred is cash, measurement is based on the amount of cash we paid to the seller, as well as transaction costs incurred by us. Consideration given in the form of nonmonetary assets, liabilities incurred or equity interests issued is measured based on either the cost to us or the fair value of the assets or net assets acquired, whichever is more clearly evident. The cost of an asset acquisition is allocated to the assets acquired based on their estimated relative fair values. The Company engages third-party appraisal firms to assist in the fair value determination. Goodwill is not recognized in an asset acquisition.

Prepaid expenses and other current assets: Prepaid expenses and other current assets include prepaid insurance, prepaid rent, and supplies, which are expected to be recognized or realized within the next 12 months.

Impairment of long-lived assets: The Company reviews long-lived assets, including solar energy systems, property and equipment, and intangible assets with definite lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset group’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company groups assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities and evaluate the asset group against the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows do not indicate the carrying amount of the asset group is recoverable, an impairment charge is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value. There has been no impairment charge for the periods presented.

Impairment of goodwill: Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair market value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of acquired businesses. Goodwill is not amortized but instead is annually tested for impairment, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may be impaired. The Company has recorded goodwill in connection with its historical business acquisitions.

The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment assessment at October 1 each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or circumstances arise which indicate that goodwill may be impaired. An assessment can be performed by first completing a qualitative assessment on the Company’s single reporting unit. The Company can also bypass the qualitative assessment in any period and proceed directly to the quantitative impairment test, and then resume the qualitative assessment in any subsequent period. Qualitative indicators that may trigger the need for annual or interim quantitative impairment testing include, among other things, deterioration in macroeconomic conditions, declining financial performance, deterioration in the operational environment, or an expectation of selling or disposing of a portion of the reporting unit. Additionally, a significant change in business climate, a loss of a significant customer, increased competition, a sustained decrease in share price, or a decrease in estimated fair value below book value may trigger the need for interim impairment testing of goodwill.

If the Company believes that, as a result of its qualitative assessment, it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is required. The quantitative test involves comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recorded as a reduction to goodwill with a corresponding charge to earnings in the period the goodwill is determined to be impaired. The income tax effect associated with an impairment of tax-deductible goodwill is also considered in the measurement of the goodwill impairment. Any goodwill impairment is limited to the total amount of goodwill.

The Company determines the fair value of its reporting unit using the market or income approach. Under the market approach method, the Company will compare its book value to the fair value of its public float, utilizing the fair value of its common stock on the measurement date. The income approach of computing fair value is based on the present value of the expected future economic benefits generated by the asset or business, such as cash flows or profits which will then be compared to its book value.

In the first quarter of 2022, the Company believed there were indicators that the carrying amount of its goodwill may be impaired due to a decline in the Company’s stock price and market capitalization. As a result, the Company performed an assessment of its goodwill for impairment. The Company elected to forego the qualitative test and proceeded to perform a quantitative test. The Company compared the book value of its single reporting unit to the fair value of its public float. The market capitalization was below the fair value of the Company by an amount in excess of its reported value of goodwill. As a result, the Company recorded a charge of $8.6 million to fully impair its goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2022. There has been no impairment charge for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Revenue: The Company’s revenue is derived from Residential Solar business which primarily generates revenue through the sale to homeowners of power generated by its residential solar energy systems pursuant to long-term agreements.

Residential Solar Revenues

Energy generation - Customers purchase electricity under PPAs or SLAs. Revenue is recognized from contracts with customers as performance obligations are satisfied at a transaction price reflecting an amount of consideration based upon

an estimated rate of return which is expressed as the solar rate per kilowatt hour or a flat rate per month as defined in the customer contracts.

•PPAs - Under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"), PPA revenue is recognized when generated based upon the amount of electricity delivered as determined by remote monitoring equipment at solar rates specified under the PPAs.

•SLAs - The Company has SLAs, which do not meet the definition of a lease under ASC 842, Leases ("ASC 842"), and are accounted for as contracts with customers under ASC 606. Revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term as the obligation to provide continuous access to the solar energy system is satisfied. The amount of revenue recognized may not equal customer cash payments because the performance obligation has been satisfied ahead of cash receipt or evenly as continuous access to the solar energy system has been provided. The differences between revenue recognition and cash payments received are reflected in accounts receivable, other assets or deferred revenue, as appropriate.

Solar renewable energy credits - The Company has contracts with third parties to sell Solar Renewable Energy Credits ("SRECs") generated by the solar energy systems for fixed prices. Certain contracts that meet the definition of a derivative may be exempted as normal purchase or normal sales transactions ("NPNS"). NPNS are contracts that provide for the purchase or sale of something other than a financial instrument or derivative instrument that will be delivered in quantities expected to be used or sold over a reasonable period in the normal course of business. The Company's SREC contracts meet these requirements and are designated as NPNS contracts. Such SRECs are exempted from the derivative accounting and reporting requirements, and the Company recognizes revenues in accordance with ASC 606.The Company recognizes revenue for SRECs based on pricing predetermined within the respective contracts at a point of time when the SRECs are transferred.

Government incentives - The Company participates in the Residential Solar Investment Program of Connecticut, which offers a performance-based incentive (“PBI”) for certain of its solar energy systems that are associated with the program (“eligible systems”). PBIs are paid to the Company and recognized as revenue quarterly based on actual per-kilowatt-hour production delivered to the eligible systems. For systems up to 20kW, the Company will be paid a predetermined rate based on the eligible system start date. The program lasts for six years from the eligible systems’ start date. PBI revenue is accounted for under ASC 606 and is earned monthly based upon the actual electricity produced by the system.

Servicing revenue - The Company earns operating and maintenance revenue from third-party residential solar fund customers at pre-determined rates for various operating and maintenance and asset management services as specified in Maintenance Service Agreements ("MSAs") and Operating Service Agreements ("OSAs"). The MSAs and OSAs contain multiple performance obligations, including routine maintenance, nonroutine maintenance, renewable energy certificate management, inventory management, delinquent account collections and customer account management. Pursuant to ASC 606, the Company has elected the "right to invoice" practical expedient and revenue for these performance obligations are recognized as services are rendered based upon the underlying contractual arrangements.

The following table presents the detail of the Company’s revenues as recorded in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	3 Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023
PPA revenue	$	7,127
SLA revenue	7,922
Solar renewable energy credit revenue	1,535
Government incentives	24
Servicing revenue	113
Intangibles amortization	443
Other revenue	931
Total	$	18,095

Contract Balances: The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed trade accounts receivable, and deferred revenue (contract liabilities) on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Cost of Revenues: Cost of revenues primarily consists of the depreciation expense relating to the solar energy systems. In addition, this also consists of costs of third parties used to service the systems as well as any cost associated with meter swaps.

Warranties: Customers who purchased the Company's Drivetrain systems were provided limited-assurance-type warranties for equipment and work performed under the contracts. The warranty period typically extends for 3 years following transfer of control of the equipment. The warranties solely relate to correction of product defects during the warranty period, which is consistent with similar warranties offered by competitors. Customers of XL Grid were provided limited-assurance-type warranties for a term of one year for installation work performed under its contracts.

The Company accrues the estimated cost of product warranties for unclaimed charges based on historical experiences and expected results. Should product failure rates and material usage costs differ from these estimated revisions to the estimated warranty liability are required. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded product warranty liabilities and adjusts the balances as required. Warranty expense is recorded as a component of discontinued operations. With the Company’s exit from the Drivetrain business and the subsequent sale of World Energy, the Company will not incur any additional warranty obligations and expects the warranty obligation to substantially run-off over the next 21 months.

The following is a roll-forward of the Company’s accrued warranty liability:

	For the Three Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022
Balance at the beginning of the period	$	1,125	$	2,547
Accrual for warranties issued	—		28
Transfer of inventory to servicers	(498)		—
Warranty fulfillment charges	—		(172)
Balance at the end of the period	$	627	$	2,403

The warranty liability is included in Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Income taxes: The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities and net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred income taxes are provided for the temporary differences arising between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, and operating loss carry-forwards and credits. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of changes in tax rates is recognized in the Statements of Operations in the period in which the enactment rate changes.

The ultimate recovery of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the amount and timing of future taxable income and other factors such as the taxing jurisdiction in which the asset is to be recovered. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are reduced through the establishment of a valuation allowance if, based on available evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return are accounted for using the more likely than not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement. The determination as to whether the tax benefit will more likely than not be realized is based upon the technical merits of the tax position as well as consideration of the available facts and circumstances. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no uncertain tax position taken or expected to be taken in the Company’s tax returns.

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to regular audits by U.S. federal and state and local tax authorities. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to federal, state or local tax examinations by tax authorities in its major jurisdictions for tax years before 2019. However, net operating loss carryforwards remain subject to examination to the extent they are carried forward and impact a year that is open to examination by tax authorities.

The Company did not recognize any tax related interest or penalties in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements, but would record any such interest and penalties as a component of the provision for income taxes.

There has historically been no federal or state provision for income taxes because the Company has incurred operating losses and maintains a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized no provision for income taxes consistent with the losses incurred and the valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets. As a result, our effective income tax rate is 0% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Share-based compensation: The Company grants stock-based awards to certain employees, directors and non-employee consultants. Awards issued under the Company’s stock-based compensation plans include stock options, restricted stock units and restricted stock awards. For transactions in which the Company obtains employee services in exchange for an award of equity instruments, the cost of the services are measured based on the grant date fair value of the award. The Company recognizes the cost over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the

award, known as the requisite service period (usually the vesting period). Costs related to plans with graded vesting are generally recognized using a straight-line method.

Stock Options

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock-based awards and recognizes the compensation cost on a straight line basis over the requisite service period of the awards for employee, which is typically the four-year vesting period of the award, and effective contract period specified in the award agreement for non-employee.

The fair value of common stock is determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange at each award grant date.

The determination of the fair value of share-based payment awards utilizing the Black-Scholes model is affected by the stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected life, risk- free interest rate and expected dividends. The Company does not have a significant history of trading of its common stock as it was not a public company until December 21, 2020, and as such expected volatility was estimated using historical volatilities of comparable public entities. The expected life of the awards is estimated based on a simplified method, which uses the average of the vesting term and the original contractual term. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on observed interest rates appropriate for the expected life of the awards. The dividend yield assumption is based on history and expectation of paying no dividends. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units generally vest over the requisite service periods (vesting on a straight–line basis). The fair value of a restricted stock unit award is equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on the grant date. The Company accounts for the forfeiture of equity awards as they occur.

Derivative instruments and hedging activities: The Company utilizes interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk on existing and planned future debt issuances. The fair value of all derivative instruments are recognized as assets or liabilities at the balance sheet date on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of the interest rate swaps are calculated by discounting the future net cash flows to the present value based on the terms and conditions of the agreements and the forward interest rate curves. As these inputs are based on observable data and valuations of similar instruments, the interest rate derivatives are primarily categorized in Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Warrant Liabilities: As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has outstanding private warrants it assumed with the December 2020 merger transaction with XL Hybrids, Inc. With the merger, the Company assumed private placement warrants to purchase 4,233,333 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of $11.50 per share (the "Private Warrants").

The Private Warrants do not meet the criteria for equity classification and must be recorded as liabilities. As the Private Warrants meet the definition of a derivative, they were measured at fair value at inception and at each reporting date with changes in fair value recognized in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Private Warrants were valued using a Black-Scholes model, with significant inputs consisting of risk-free interest rate, remaining term, expected volatility, exercise price, and the Company’s stock price.

Segment Reporting: Segment reporting is based on the “management approach,” following the method that management organizes the Company’s reportable segments for which separate financial information is made available to, and evaluated regularly by, the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in allocating resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company determined that the Drivetrain and XL Grid operations were discontinued operations which resulted in the Company having one operating segment of selling electricity through residential solar energy systems or through residual ownership in master lease agreements.

Net income (loss) per share: Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period determined using the treasury stock and if-converted methods. For purposes of the diluted income (loss) per share calculation, stock options, restricted stock units, restricted stock and warrants are considered to be potentially dilutive securities. Potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation of diluted income (loss) per share when their effect would be anti-dilutive.

Related parties: A party is considered to be related to the Company if the party directly or indirectly or through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. A party which can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties or if it has an ownership interest in one of the transacting parties and can significantly influence the other to an extent that one or more of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests is also a related party.

Recent accounting pronouncements:

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses of Financial Instruments, (ASU 2016-13) which, together with subsequent amendments, amends the requirement on the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held to replace the incurred loss model for financial assets measured at amortized cost and require entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2023. We adopted this ASU in January 2023 using the modified retrospective approach for our trade accounts receivable which resulted in a cumulative-effect adjustment to stockholders' equity of approximately $1.3 million. Results for reporting periods prior to 2023 continue to be presented in accordance with previously applicable GAAP while results for subsequent reporting periods are presented under ASC 326.

The following table presents the impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

(Amounts in thousands)	Accounts receivable, net
Balance at beginning of period (pre-ASC 326 adoption)	$	8,336
Impact of ASC 326 adoption	1,285
Balance at beginning of period (post-ASC 326 adoption)	$	9,621

XML

Business Combinations

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Business Combinations

Business Combinations

Spruce Power

On September 9, 2022, the Company acquired Legacy Spruce Power for $32.6 million which consisted of cash payments of $61.8 million less cash and restricted cash acquired of $29.2 million. Management evaluated which entity should be

considered the accounting acquirer in the transaction by giving consideration to the form of consideration transferred, the composition of the equity holders, the composition of voting rights of the Board of Directors, continuity of management structure, and size of the respective organizations. Based on the evaluation of the applicable factors, Management noted that all factors, with the exception of relative size of organization, were indicators that the Company was the acquiring entity resulting in Management’s conclusion that for accounting purposes the Company acquired Legacy Spruce Power.

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination. The Company allocated the Legacy Spruce Power purchase price to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date, September 9, 2022. The excess of the purchase price over those fair values was recorded to goodwill. The Company's evaluations of the facts and circumstances available as of September 9, 2022, to assign fair values to assets acquired and liabilities assumed are ongoing. As we complete further analysis of assets including solar systems, intangible assets, as well as noncontrolling interests and debt, additional information on the assets acquired and liabilities assumed becomes available. A change in information related to the value of net assets acquired may change the amount of the purchase price assigned to goodwill, and as a result, the preliminary fair values set forth below are subject to adjustment as additional information is obtained and valuations are completed. Provisional adjustments are recognized during the reporting period in which the adjustments are determined. The Company expects to finalize the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable, but no later than one year from the acquisition date.

Accounting for business combinations requires our management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at the acquisition date including our estimates for solar systems, production based incentives, solar renewable energy agreements, non-controlling interest, trade names and debt, where applicable. Although we believe the assumptions and estimates are based on information obtained from the management of the acquired companies and are inherently uncertain. Critical estimates in valuing solar systems under the income approach include future expected cash flows and discount rate. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that may affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results.

The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocation of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquisition of Spruce Power, as adjusted, during the measurement period:

(Amounts in thousands)	Initial Purchase Price Allocation		Measurement Period Adjustments		Updated Purchase Price Allocation
Total purchase consideration:
Cash, net of cash acquired, and restricted cash	$	32,585	$	—	$	32,585
Allocation of consideration to assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Accounts receivable, net	10,995		—		10,995
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	6,768		(2,405)		4,363
Solar energy systems	406,298		89,268		495,566
Other property and equipment	337		—		337
Intangible assets	—		11,980		11,980
Interest rate swap assets	26,698		—		26,698
Right-of-use asset	3,279		(328)		2,951
Other assets	358		(102)		256
Goodwill	158,636		(129,879)		28,757
Accounts payable	(2,620)		(22)		(2,642)
Unfavorable solar renewable energy agreements	—		(10,500)		(10,500)
Accrued expenses	(13,061)		(241)		(13,302)
Lease liability	(3,382)		42		(3,340)
Long-term debt	(510,002)		2,772		(507,230)
Other liabilities	(335)		292		(43)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(51,384)		39,123		(12,261)

As reflected in the preceding table, as a result of updated valuation reports the Company adjusted solar energy systems and intangible assets with corresponding changes to goodwill. In the first quarter of 2023, due to the change in the provisional amounts assigned to intangible assets and solar energy systems the Company recognized $0.4 million of revenue, $1.9 million of depreciation expense and $0.4 million of trade name amortization of which $(0.5) million of revenue, $0.9 million of depreciation expense and $0.3 million of trade name amortization relates to previous year.

During Q1 2023, the Company adjusted the fair value of its noncontrolling interest and its redeemable noncontrolling interest in the Company's financials which resulted in the recognition of adjustments of $(5.5) million and $0.2 million, respectively. Additional paid in Capital was adjusted by $(1.8) million which includes the fair value adjustment associated with the purchase of 100% of the membership interests in Ampere Solar Owner IV, LLC, ORE F5A HoldCo, LLC, ORE F6 HoldCo, LLC, RPV Fund 11 LLC and RPV Fund 13 LLC, Sunserve Residential Solar I, LLC's and Level Solar Fund III, LLC in 2022.

The intangible assets are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)	Asset Amount		Liability Amount		Estimated Life (in years)
Solar renewable energy agreements	$	340	$	10,500	6.0
Performance based incentives agreements	$	3,240	$	—	13.0
Tradenames	$	8,400	$	—	30.0

The weighted-average useful life of the intangibles identified above is approximately 16.0 years, which approximates the period over which the Company expects to gain the estimated economic benefits.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase consideration over the estimated acquisition date fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill is primarily attributable to the Company's ability to leverage and use its existing capital and access to capital markets along with Spruce Power's established operations and mergers and acquisition capabilities to grow the Spruce Power business.

Supplemental disclosure of pro forma information:

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of the operations of the Company with Legacy Spruce Power as if the acquisition of Legacy Spruce Power on September 9, 2022 had occurred as of January 1, 2022. The results of operations related to the Company’s Drivetrain and XL Grid businesses, which were determined to be discontinued operations in the fourth quarter of 2022, are presented as net loss from discontinued operations. The unaudited pro forma revenues and pro forma net (loss) income reflect the continuing operational results of the Company’s corporate functions and the results of operations for Legacy Spruce Power. The unaudited pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of what the consolidated results of operations actually would have been had the respective acquisitions been completed on January 1, 2022. In addition, the unaudited pro forma financial information does not purport to project the future results of operations of the combined Company.

The following table presents the Company’s pro forma combined results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022:

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)	2022
Revenues	$	16,991
Net income from continuing operations	$	10,649
Net loss from discontinued operations	(15,943)
Net income	$	(5,294)
Per share amounts:
Net income from continuing operations - basic	$	0.08
Net income from continuing operations - diluted	$	0.08
Net loss from discontinued operations - basic	$	(0.11)
Net loss from discontinued operations - diluted	$	(0.11)

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Acquisition of Master lease agreement (SEMTH)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Acquisition of Master lease agreement (SEMTH)

Acquisition of Master lease agreement (SEMTH)In furtherance of its growth strategy, on March 23, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of all the issued and outstanding interests in SEMTH (the “SEMTH Acquisition”) from certain funds managed by HPS Investment Partners, LLC (“HPS”), pursuant to a Membership Interest Purchase And Sale Agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) dated as of March 23, 2023. The SEMTH assets include 20-year use rights to the customer payment stream (“SEMTH Master Lease”) of approximately 22,500 residential solar leases and power purchase agreements. The Company acquired SEMTH for approximately $23 million of cash, net of cash received, and assumed $125 million of outstanding senior indebtedness (See

Note 8. Long-Term Debt) and Interest rate swaps with Deutsche Bank AG, New York Bank (See Note 12. Interest Rate Swaps) held by SEMTH, and its subsidiaries at the close of the acquisition.

The purchase of SEMTH Lessor's future revenue has been accounted for as an acquisition of financial assets. Under the acquisition method, the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair value. All fair value measurements of assets acquired and liabilities assumed were based on significant estimates and assumptions, including Level 3 (unobservable) inputs, which require judgment. Estimates and assumptions include the projected timing and amount of future cash flows, discount rates reflecting risk inherent in future cash flows and future utility prices.

For the purposes of establishing the fair value of the Company's investment in SEMTH Master lease, its analysis considers cash flows beginning in March 2023 (the effective date of the transaction). The Company estimated the fair value of its investment in SEMTH Master lease to be approximately $146.9 million on the transaction date.

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Property and Equipment

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Solar energy systems	$	494,008	$	401,754
Less accumulated depreciation	(11,989)		(5,928)
Solar energy systems, net	$	482,019	$	395,826
Equipment	$	47	$	48
Furniture and fixtures	294		294
Computers	239		222
Software	—		6
Leasehold improvements	65		65
Gross other property and equipment	645		635
Less accumulated depreciation	(336)		(293)
Other property and equipment, net	$	309	$	342
Property and equipment, net	$	482,328	$	396,168

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Intangible Assets, net

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible Assets, net

Intangible Assets, net

The following table presents the detail of Intangible assets, net as recorded in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023
Intangible assets:
Solar renewable energy agreements	$	340
Performance based incentives agreements	3,240
Tradenames	8,400
Less accumulated amortization	(1,137)
Intangible assets, net	$	10,843

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued interest	$	11,172	$	6,586
Professional fees	2,785		1,749
Accrued contingencies	2,677		2,300
Accrued compensation and related benefits	2,261		6,526
Accrued expenses, other	1,648		3,696
Accrued taxes	1,230		—
Accrued servicing expense	248		—
Accrued equity distributions	33		—
Accrued settlements	—		451
Deferred purchase price consideration – World Energy	—		201
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	22,054	$	21,509

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Long-Term Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Debt

Long-Term DebtIn connection with the acquisition of Legacy Spruce Power, the Company assumed certain long-term debt instruments as of September 9, 2022, the acquisition date of Legacy Spruce Power. In connection with accounting for the business combination, the Company adjusted the carrying value of this long-term debt to its fair value as of the acquisition date. This fair value adjustment resulted in a reduction of the carrying value of the debt by $35.2 million. This adjustment to fair

value will be amortized to interest expense over the life of the related debt instruments using the effective interest method. Amortization expense for the fair value adjustment for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $1.5 million.

As part of the acquisition of SEMTH (See Note 4. Acquisition of Master lease agreement (SEMTH)), the Company assumed newly added Debt with Deutsche Bank AG, New York Bank.

Deutsche Bank Credit Agreement

Prior to acquisition of SEMTH (SET Borrower 2022, LLC (“SET Borrower”) by the Company, SEMTH entered into a Credit Agreement with Deutsche Bank AG, New York Bank (“DB Credit Agreement”) as the Facility Agent, On June 10, 2022, which consisted of a term loan of $125.0 million. The DB Credit Agreement is collateralized with all of the assets and property of SET Borrower. The term loan bears interest at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus the applicable margin. The applicable margin is 2.25% per annum through the first twelve months, 2.50% for the following six months, and 2.75% for the next six months, and 3.00% through the maturity date. The interest rate on the DB Credit Agreement as of March 31, 2023 was 7.03%. The DB Credit Agreement requires SET Borrower to be in compliance with various affirmative and negative covenants. As of March 31, 2023, SET Borrower was in compliance with the covenants contained in the DB Credit Agreement. The term loan requires quarterly payments, which began on August 17, 2022, should the outstanding loan balance exceed the borrowing base on such calculation date with the remaining balance due in a single payment on August 18, 2025.

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ROU Assets and Lease Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

ROU Assets and Lease Liabilities

ROU Assets and Lease Liabilities

The Company’s right-of-use ("ROU") assets and lease liabilities are comprised of the following:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Operating leases:
Right-of-use assets	$	3,150	$	2,686
Lease liability, current	1,225		781
Lease liability, non-current	2,784		2,365
Finance leases:
Right-of-use assets	34		116
Lease liability, current	54		53
Lease liability, non-current	48		61

Other information related to leases is presented below:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(Amounts in thousands)	2023			2022
Other information:
Operating lease cost	$	321		$	227
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	417		$	240
Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases (in months)	42.7			81.1
Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases	4.3		%	9.7		%

As of March 31, 2023, the annual minimum lease payments of our operating lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

For The Years Ending December 31,
2023 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2023)	$	634
2024	770
2025	675
2026	689
2027	346
Thereafter	—
Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted	3,114
Less: imputed interest	(895)
Present value of future minimum lease payments	$	4,009

ROU Assets and Lease Liabilities

ROU Assets and Lease Liabilities

The Company’s right-of-use ("ROU") assets and lease liabilities are comprised of the following:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Operating leases:
Right-of-use assets	$	3,150	$	2,686
Lease liability, current	1,225		781
Lease liability, non-current	2,784		2,365
Finance leases:
Right-of-use assets	34		116
Lease liability, current	54		53
Lease liability, non-current	48		61

Other information related to leases is presented below:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(Amounts in thousands)	2023			2022
Other information:
Operating lease cost	$	321		$	227
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	417		$	240
Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases (in months)	42.7			81.1
Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases	4.3		%	9.7		%

As of March 31, 2023, the annual minimum lease payments of our operating lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

For The Years Ending December 31,
2023 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2023)	$	634
2024	770
2025	675
2026	689
2027	346
Thereafter	—
Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted	3,114
Less: imputed interest	(895)
Present value of future minimum lease payments	$	4,009

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Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses various assumptions and methods in estimating the fair values of its financial instruments.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The Private Warrants were valued using a Black-Scholes model, pursuant to the inputs provided in the table below:

	Assumptions for Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Input	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Risk-free rate	3.88		%	1.11		%
Remaining term in years	2.73			3.98
Expected volatility	70.5		%	88.8		%
Exercise price	$	11.50		$	11.50
Fair value of common stock	$	0.82		$	3.31

The Company's interest rate swaps are not traded on a market exchange and the fair values are determined using a valuation model based on a discounted cash flow analysis. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the interest rate swap agreements and uses observable market-based inputs, including estimated future LIBOR interest rates. The fair value of the Company's interest rate swap is the net difference in the discounted future fixed cash payments and the discounted expected variable cash receipts. The variable cash receipts are based on the expectation of future interest rates and are

observable inputs available to a market participant. The interest rate swap valuation is classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The debt balances as presented in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets approximate the fair value of the respective instruments as the debt is at a variable rate, the estimates of which are considered Level 2 fair value calculations within the fair value hierarchy.

The following table sets forth the Company’s assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy:

	Fair Value Measurements as of March 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands)	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Asset:
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	27,737	$	—	$	27,737
Liability:
Private Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	142	$	142

	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2022
(Amounts in thousands)	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Asset:
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	32,252	$	—	$	32,252
Liabilities:
Private Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	256	$	256
Fair value of obligation to issue shares of common stock to sellers of World Energy	—		—		151		151
Total	$	—	$	—	$	407	$	407

The following is a roll forward of the Company’s Level 3 instruments:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands)	Liability
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	407
Fair value adjustments – Warrant liability	(114)
Share settlement of World Energy Liability	(151)
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	142

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Share-Based Compensation Expense

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Share-Based Compensation Expense

Share-Based Compensation Expense

Share-based compensation expense for stock options and restricted stock units for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $0.8 million and $0.4 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, there was $5.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options which is expected to be recognized over the remaining vesting periods, with a weighted-average period of 3.4 years.

Stock Options

The Company grants stock options to certain employees that will vest over a period of one to four years. A summary of stock option award activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was as follows:

Options	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	6,091,271	$	1.39	2.7
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(1,081,679)	0.25
Cancelled or forfeited	(528,176)	6.94
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	4,481,416	$	1.02	2.6
Exercisable at March 31, 2023	4,318,930	$	0.95	2.6

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding as of March 31, 2023 was $2.2 million. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercisable as of March 31, 2023 was $2.2 million. Cash received from options exercised for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

Restricted Stock Units

The Company grants restricted stock units to certain employees that will generally vest over a period of four years. The fair value of restricted stock unit awards is estimated by the fair value of the Company’s Common Stock at the date of grant. Restricted stock units activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was as follows:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Non-vested, at December 31, 2022	9,832,707	$	1.30
Granted	—	—
Vested	(2,731,919)	2.03
Cancelled or forfeited	(766,815)	1.36
Non-vested, at March 31, 2023	6,333,973	$	1.28

CEO's Ladder Restricted Stock Unit Award

On September 9, 2022, in connection with the acquisition of Legacy Spruce Power and his appointment as President of XL Fleet, the Company granted to CEO a restricted stock unit award (the "Ladder RSUs") of 1,666,666 shares of common stock. The Ladder RSUs vest in 10% increments on the dates the Plan administrator certifies the applicable milestone stock prices have been achieved or exceeded, provided that CEO remains employed on the date of certification and such achievement occurs within ten years of the date of the grant.

The Company used a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model to determine the fair value of the award which is presently accounted for as a liability. The following inputs were used in the simulation: grant date stock price of $1.17, annual volatility of 85.0%, risk-free interest rate of 3.3% and dividend yield of 0.0%. For each tranche, a fair value was calculated as well as a derived service period which represents the median number of years it is expected to take for the Ladder RSUs to meet their corresponding milestone stock price excluding the simulation paths that result in the Ladder RSUs not vesting within the 10 year term of the agreement. Each tranche's fair value will be amortized ratably over the respective derived service period.

The Company recognized approximately $0.1 million of expense related to the Ladder RSUs for the three months ended March 31, 2023

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Interest Rate Swaps

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Interest Rate Swaps

Interest Rate Swaps

The purpose of the swap agreements is to convert the floating interest rate on the Credit Agreements of the Company to a fixed rate. As of March 31, 2023, the notional amount of the interest rate swaps covers approximately 96% of the balance of the Company’s floating rate term loans.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the change in the fair value of the interest rate swaps was $5.6 million reflected within Change in Fair Value of Interest Rate Swaps within Other Income (Expense) and $2.5 million were realized gains reflected within Interest Expense, Net in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 10. Fair Value Measurements for the method used to determine fair value of interest rate swaps. Above amounts also includes Deutsche Bank swap which was assumed by the Company as part of SEMTH asset acquisition transaction.

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Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest and Noncontrolling Interests

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest and Noncontrolling Interests

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest and Noncontrolling Interests

The following table summarizes redeemable noncontrolling interest and noncontrolling interests as of March 31, 2023:

Tax Equity Entity	Date Class A Member Admitted
Redeemable noncontrolling interest:
Level Solar Fund IV LLC	December 2016
Noncontrolling interests:
ORE F4 Holdco, LLC	August 2014
Volta Solar Owner II, LLC	August 2017

The tax equity entities were structured at inception so that the allocations of income and loss for tax purposes will flip at a date in the future. The terms of the tax equity entities' operating agreements contain allocations of taxable income (loss), Section 48(a) ITCs and cash distributions that vary over time and adjust between the members on an agreed date (referred to as the flip date). The operating agreements specify either a date certain flip date or an internal rate of return ("IRR") flip date. The date certain flip date is based on the passage of a fixed period of time as defined in the operating agreements for each entity. The IRR flip date is the date on which the tax equity investor has achieved a contractual rate of return. From

inception through the flip date, the Class A members' allocation of taxable income (loss) and Section 48(a) ITCs is generally 99% and the Class B members' allocation of taxable income (loss) and Section 48(a) ITCs is generally 1%. After the related flip date (or, if the tax equity investor has a deficit capital account, typically after such deficit has been eliminated), the Class A members' allocation of taxable income (loss) will typically decrease to 5% (or, in some cases, a higher percentage if required by the tax equity investor) and the Class B members' allocation of taxable income (loss) will increase by an inverse amount.

The redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests are comprised of Class A units, which represent the tax equity investors' interest in the tax equity entities. Both the Class A members and Class B members may have call options to allow either member to redeem the other member's interest in the tax equity entities upon the occurrence of certain contingent events, such as bankruptcy, dissolution/liquidation and forced divestitures of the tax equity entities. Additionally, the Class B members may have the option to purchase all Class A units, which is typically exercisable at any time during the periods specified under their respective governing documents, and, in regards to the tax equity entities classified as redeemable noncontrolling interests, also have the contingent obligation to purchase all Class A units if the Class A members exercise their right to withdraw, which is typically exercisable at any time during the nine-month period commencing upon the applicable flip date. The carrying values of the redeemable noncontrolling interests were equal to or greater than the estimated redemption values as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

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Restructuring

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring

Restructuring

The following table summarizes the activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 in the restructuring liability for employee termination charges. There was no such liability outstanding as of March 31, 2022.

(Amounts in thousands)	Balance at December 31, 2022		Additions		Payments		Balance at March 31, 2023
Employee termination charges	$	3,429	$	723	$	(2,978)	$	1,174

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and ContingenciesSponsorship Commitment: In February 2021, the Company agreed to a sponsorship agreement with several entities related to the UBS Arena, Belmont Park and the NY Islanders Hockey Club. Pursuant to that Agreement, the Company was designated an “Official Electric Transportation Partner of UBS Arena” with various associated marketing and branding rights, including the development of electric vehicle charging stations. The sponsorship agreement has a term of three years with a sponsor fee of approximately $500,000 per year, of which approximately $250,000 was paid in June 2021 and the second payment of $250,000 was accrued on December 31, 2021 and paid in January 2022. One of the directors of the Company is a co-owner of the NY Islanders Hockey Club. In the second quarter of 2022, the Company exercised its option to terminate the final two years of the agreement and will incur no further sponsor fees. The Company has incurred costs of approximately $700,000 related to future opportunities to develop electric vehicle charging stations on the UBS Arena area.

Legal proceedings: The Company is periodically involved in legal proceedings, legal actions and claims arising in the normal course of business, including proceedings relating to product liability, intellectual property, safety and health, employment and other matters. Management believes that the outcome of such legal proceedings, legal actions and claims will not have a significant adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Putative securities class action complaints

On March 8, 2021, two putative securities class action complaints were filed in the federal district court for the Southern District of New York against the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors. Those cases were consolidated and a lead plaintiff appointed in June 2021, and an amended complaint filed on July 20, 2021 alleging that certain public statements made by the defendants between October 2, 2020 and March 2, 2021 violated Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The Company believes that the allegations asserted in the amended complaint are without merit and is vigorously defending the lawsuit. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will be successful. At this time, the Company is unable to estimate potential losses, if any, related to the lawsuit.

On September 20, 2021 and October 19, 2021, two class action complaints were filed in the Delaware Court of Chancery against certain of the Company’s current officers and directors, and the Company’s SPAC sponsor, Pivotal Investment Holdings II LLC. The actions were consolidated as In re XL Fleet (Pivotal) Stockholder Litigation, C.A. No. 2121-0808, and an amended complaint was filed on January 31, 2022. The amended complaint alleges various breaches of fiduciary duty, and aiding and abetting breaches of fiduciary duty, for purported actions relating to the negotiation and approval of the December 21, 2020 merger and organization of legacy XL Hybrids Inc. to become XL Fleet Corp., and purportedly materially misleading statements made in connection with the merger. The Company believes that the allegations asserted in both the class action complaints are without merit and is vigorously defending the lawsuit. At this time, the Company is unable to estimate potential losses, if any, related to the lawsuit.

In March 2023, two shareholder derivative actions were filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware. One action is captioned Reali v. Griffin, et al., Case No. 1:23-cv-00289 (the “Reali Action”), and the other action is captioned Tucci v. Ledecky, et al., 1:23-cv-00322 (the “Tucci Action”). The Company believes that the allegations asserted in both complaints are without merit and is vigorously defending the lawsuit. At this time, the Company is unable to estimate potential losses, if any, related to the lawsuits.

Securities and Exchange Commission Subpoena

On January 6, 2022, the Company received a subpoena from the SEC requesting the production of certain documents related to, among other things, the Company’s business combination with XL Hybrids, Inc. and the related PIPE financing, the Company’s sales pipeline and revenue projections, purchase orders, suppliers, CARB approvals, fuel economy from Drivetrain products, customer complaints, and disclosures and other matters in connection with the foregoing. The SEC has informed the Company that its current investigation is a fact-finding inquiry. The SEC has also informed the Company that the investigation does not mean that it has concluded that anyone has violated the law and does not mean that it has a negative opinion of any person, entity or security. To date, the Company has provided the requested information and cooperated fully with the SEC investigation. At this time, the Company is unable to estimate potential losses, if any, related to the investigation.

Val Kay derivatively on behalf of nominal defendant XL Fleet Corp

On June 23, 2022, the Company received a shareholder derivative complaint filed in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts, captioned Val Kay derivatively on behalf of nominal defendant XL Fleet Corp, against all current directors and prior officers and directors. The action was filed by a shareholder purportedly on behalf of the Company, and raises claims for contribution, as well as claims for breach of fiduciary duty, waste of corporate assets, unjust enrichment, and abuse of control. The factual allegations concern alleged false or misleading statements about the Company’s sales pipeline, supply chain issues, low reorder rates, and the Company’s technology. The Company believes that the allegations

asserted in the action are without merit and is vigorously defending the lawsuit. At this time, the Company is unable to estimate potential losses, if any, related to the lawsuit.

US Bank

On February 9, 2023, US Bank, through its affiliate Firstar Development LLC, filed a motion for summary judgment in lieu of a complaint in New York Supreme Court (the trial level in New York) alleging that the Company failed to fulfill its reimbursement obligations under a 2019 tax recapture guaranty agreement between the parties arising from the alleged recapture by the IRS of tax credits taken by Firstar Development LLC as an investor in the Company’s subsidiary Ampere Solar Owner I, LLC. The $2.5 million alleged liability claim was fully reserved at the time of the Company’s acquisition of Legacy Spruce Power in September 2022, and is not expected to be material to the Company. The Company believes that the allegations asserted in the action are without merit and is vigorously defending the lawsuit. At this time, the Company is unable to estimate potential losses, if any, related to the lawsuit.

Master SREC purchase and sale agreement

The Company has forward sales agreements related to a certain number of SRECs to be generated from the Company’s solar energy systems located in Maryland, Massachusetts, Delaware, and New Jersey to be sold at fixed prices over varying terms of up to 20 years. In the event the Company does not deliver such SRECs to the counter-party, the Company could be forced to pay additional penalties and fees as stipulated within the contracts.

Guarantees

In connection with the acquisition RPV Holdco 1, guaranty agreements were established by and between Spruce Holding Company 1, LLC, Spruce Holding Company 2, LLC, and Spruce Holding Company 3, LLC (“Spruce Guarantors”) and the investor members in the Funds in May 2020. The Spruce Guarantors entered into guaranties in favor of the tax equity investors under which they guaranteed the payment and performance of Solar Service Experts, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, under the Spruce Power 2 Maintenance Services Agreement, and the Class B Member under the Limited Liability Company Agreement (“LLCA”). These guaranties are subject to a maximum of the aggregate amount of capital contributions made by the Class A Member under the LLCA.

Indemnities and guarantees

During the normal course of business, Spruce Power has made certain indemnities and guarantees under which it may be required to make payments in relation to certain transactions. The duration of Spruce Power's indemnities and guarantees varies, but the majority of these indemnities and guarantees are limited in duration. Historically, Spruce Power has not been obligated to make significant payments for these obligations, does not anticipate future payments, and no liabilities have been recorded for these indemnities and guarantees.

ITC recapture provisions

The IRS may disallow and recapture some, or all, of the Investment Tax Credits due to improperly calculated basis after a project was placed in service ("Recapture Event"). If a Recapture Event occurs, Spruce Power is obligated to pay the applicable Class A Member a recapture adjustment, which includes the amounts the Class A Members are required to repay the IRS, including interest and penalties, as well as any third-party legal and accounting fees incurred by the Class A Members in connection to the Recapture Event, as specified in the operating agreements. Such a payment by Spruce Power to the Class A Members are not to be considered a capital contribution to the fund per the operating agreements, nor would it be considered a distribution to the Class A Members. With the exception of the tax matter related to Ampere Solar Owner I noted above, a Recapture Event was not deemed to be probable by the Company, therefore no accrual has been recorded as of March 31, 2023.

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Net Loss Per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share

Net Loss Per Share

The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used to calculate basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to stockholders	$	(19,395)	$	(16,077)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic	146,207,666		141,274,249
Dilutive effect of options, warrants, and restricted stock units	—		—
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted	146,207,666		141,274,249
Net loss attributable to stockholders per share, basic	$	(0.13)	$	(0.11)
Net loss attributable to stockholders per share, diluted	$	(0.13)	$	(0.11)

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 potential dilutive securities, which include stock options, warrants and restricted stock units have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would be to reduce the net loss per share. Therefore, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share is the same.

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Discontinued Operations

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Discontinued Operations

Discontinued Operations

In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company discontinued the operations of its Drivetrain and XL Grid operations. The following provides supplemental detail of the Company’s discontinued operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The following table presents financial results from discontinued operations in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(Amounts in thousands)	2023		2022
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations:
Drivetrain	$	109	$	(5,896)
XL Grid	(3,975)		(1,441)
Impairment of goodwill	—		(8,606)
Total	$	(3,866)	$	(15,943)

XL Grid

The following table presents financial results of XL Grid operations:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(Amounts in thousands)	2023		2022
Revenues	$	149	$	4,165
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues - inventory and other direct costs	148		2,988
Loss on asset disposal	3,233		—
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	743		2,618
Total operating expenses	4,124		5,606
Net loss from discontinued operations	$	(3,975)	$	(1,441)

Drivetrain

The following table presents financial results of Drivetrain operations:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(Amounts in thousands)	2023		2022
Revenues	$	9	$	598
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues - inventory and other direct costs	(138)		2,208
Engineering, research, and development	—		2,989
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	—		1,297
Other	38		—
Total operating expenses	(100)		6,494
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations	$	109	$	(5,896)

The following table presents aggregate carrying amounts of assets and liabilities of discontinued operations in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets from discontinued operations:
Drivetrain	$	71	$	3,604
XL Grid	—		7,373
Goodwill	—		—
Total assets from discontinued operations	$	71	$	10,977
Liabilities from discontinued operations:
Drivetrain	$	802	$	5,743
XL Grid	—		3,648
Total liabilities from discontinued operations	$	802	$	9,391

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Subsequent Event	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Event	Subsequent EventStock Repurchase Program AuthorizationThe Board of Directors of the Company has authorized a share repurchase program for the purchase of up to $50 million of the Company's outstanding common stock. The share repurchase program is effective immediately and lasts through May 15, 2025.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of consolidated financial statement presentation

Basis of consolidated financial statement presentation: The accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and Article 10 of Regulation S-X (refer to Article 8 as a smaller reporting company). We have condensed or omitted certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP pursuant to the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") regarding interim financial reporting. As such, these interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with our 2022 annual audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2023. Our interim financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary, in our opinion, to state fairly our financial position and results of operations for the reported periods. Amounts reported for interim periods may not be indicative of a full year period because of our continual growth, seasonal fluctuations in demand for power, timing of maintenance and other expenditures, changes in interest expense and other factors.

The accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company include the accounts of its wholly owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities, for which the Company was the primary beneficiary. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date, as well as reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. The Company’s most significant estimates and judgments involve deferred income taxes, warranty reserves, valuation of share-based compensation, the valuation of warrant liability, useful lives of certain assets and liabilities, the valuation of

redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests, our allowance for current expected credit losses, asset acquisition transactions and the valuation of business combinations, including the fair values and useful lives of acquired assets and assumed liabilities. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material to the Company’s financial statements.

Variable interest entities

Variable interest entities: The Company consolidates any variable interest entity ("VIE") of which it is the primary beneficiary. The Company formed or acquired VIEs which are partially funded by tax equity investors in order to facilitate the funding and monetization of certain attributes associated with solar energy systems. The typical condition for a controlling financial interest ownership is holding a majority of the voting interests of an entity; however, a controlling financial interest may also exist in entities, such as VIEs, through arrangements that do not involve controlling voting interests. A variable interest holder is required to consolidate a VIE if that party has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company does not consolidate a VIE in which it has a majority ownership interest when the Company is not considered the primary beneficiary. The Company evaluates its relationships with the VIEs on an ongoing basis to determine if it is the primary beneficiary.

The Company's investments in Volta Solar Owner II, LLC, ORE F4 HoldCo, LLC and Level Solar Fund IV LLC (collectively, the "Funds") were determined to be variable interests in VIEs. The Company considered the provisions within the contractual arrangements that grant it power to manage and make decisions that affect the operation of the VIEs, including determining the solar energy systems contributed to the VIEs, and the operation and maintenance of the solar energy systems. The Company considers the rights granted to the other investors under the contractual arrangements to be more protective in nature rather than substantive participating rights. As such, the Company was determined to be the primary beneficiary and the assets, liabilities and activities of the Funds are consolidated by the Company. (See Note 13. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests and Noncontrolling Interests)

Redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests

Redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests: The distribution rights and priorities for the Funds as set forth in their respective operating agreements differ from the underlying percentage ownership interests of the members. As a result, the Company allocates income or loss to the noncontrolling interest holders of the Funds utilizing the hypothetical liquidation of book value ("HLBV") method, in which income or loss is allocated based on the change in each member's claim on the net assets at the end of each reporting period, adjusted for any distributions or contributions made during such periods. The HLBV method is commonly applied to investments where cash distribution percentages vary at different points in time and are not directly linked to an equity member's ownership percentage.

The HLBV method is a balance sheet-focused approach. Under this method, a calculation is prepared at each reporting date to determine the amount that each member would receive if the entity were to liquidate all of its assets and distribute the resulting proceeds to its creditors and members based on the contractually defined liquidation priorities. The difference between the calculated liquidation distribution amounts at the beginning and the end of the reporting period, after adjusting for capital contributions and distributions, is used to derive each member's share of the income or loss for the period.

Factors used in the HLBV calculation include GAAP income (loss), taxable income (loss), capital contributions, investment tax credits, distributions and the stipulated targeted investor return specified in the subsidiaries' operating agreements. Changes in these factors could have a significant impact on the amounts that investors would receive upon a hypothetical liquidation.

The Company classifies certain noncontrolling interests with redemption features that are not solely within the Company’s control outside of permanent equity in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Redeemable noncontrolling interests are reported using the greater of the carrying value at each reporting date as determined by the HLBV method or the estimated redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Estimating the redemption value of the redeemable noncontrolling interests requires the use of significant assumptions and estimates, such as projected future cash flows.

Concentration of credit risk

Concentration of credit risk: Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. At times, such cash may be in excess of the FDIC limit. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had cash in excess of the $250,000 federally insured limit. The Company believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents as most of the balances are kept in treasury bills which are government backed securities.

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

Cash and cash equivalents: The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash held in banks and money market accounts. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value due to their short-term nature. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are placed with high-credit quality financial institutions and issuers, and at times exceed federally insured limits. To date, the Company has not experienced any credit loss relating to its cash and cash equivalents.

Restricted cash: Restricted cash held at March 31, 2023 of $33.1 million primarily consists of approximately $33.0 million of cash that is subject to restriction due to provisions in the Company's financing agreements and the operating agreements of the Funds that are accounted for as consolidated VIEs. Restricted cash held at December 31, 2022 of $19.8 million primarily consists of approximately $19.7 million of cash that is subject to restriction due to provisions in the Company's financing agreements and the operating agreements of the Funds that are accounted for as consolidated VIEs. The carrying amount reported in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for restricted cash approximates fair value.

Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable, net: Accounts receivable primarily represents trade receivables from customers that are generally collected in the subsequent month. Accounts receivable is recorded net of an allowance for credit losses, which is based on our assessment of the collectability of customer accounts based on the best available data at the time. Management reviews the allowance by considering factors such as historical experience, customer credit rating, contractual term, aging category and current economic conditions that may affect a customer's ability to pay to identify customers with potential disputes or collection issues. The following table presents the changes in the allowance for credit losses recorded against accounts receivable, net in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	12,164
Impact of ASC 326 adoption	(1,285)
Provision for current expected credit losses	(523)
Balance at end of period	$	10,356

Fair value measurements

Fair value measurements: The fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities reflects Management’s estimate of amounts that the Company would have received in connection with the sale of the assets or paid in connection with the transfer of the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. For assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis, a three-level hierarchy of measurements based upon observable and unobservable inputs is used to arrive at fair value. Observable inputs are developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s assumptions about valuation based on the best information available in the circumstances. Depending on the inputs, the Company classifies each fair value measurement as follows:

Level 1: Observable inputs that reflect unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date.

Level 2: Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted market prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy must be determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. An assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and consideration of factors specific to the asset or liability.

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, long-term debt, interest rate swaps and warrant liabilities. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximates fair value because of the short-term nature of those instruments.

Intangible assets, net

Intangible assets, net: The Company’s intangible assets include solar renewable energy credit agreements, performance based incentive agreements, and trade names. The Company amortizes its intangible assets that have finite lives using either the straight-line method or, if reliably determinable, based on the pattern in which the economic benefit of the asset is expected to be utilized. The useful life of the Company’s intangible assets generally range between three years and 30 years. The useful life of intangible assets are assessed and assigned based on the facts and circumstances specific to the acquisition. The Company recognizes the amortization of solar renewable energy agreements and performance based incentive agreements as a reduction to revenue and trade names as amortization expense in selling, general and administrative expenses. Unfavorable solar renewable energy agreements: The Company amortizes its unfavorable solar renewable energy agreements that have finite lives using either the straight-line method or, if reliably determinable, based on the pattern in which the economic benefit of the liability is relieved. The useful life of the Company’s liabilities generally range between three years and 6 years. The useful life of liabilities are assessed and assigned based on the facts and circumstances specific to the acquisition. The Company recognizes the amortization of solar renewable energy agreements as revenue.

Solar energy systems, net and other property and equipment, net

Solar energy systems, net: Solar energy systems, net consists of residential solar energy systems which are subject to Customer Agreements. Solar energy systems are recorded at fair value upon acquisition, less any impairment charges. For all acquired systems, the Company calculates depreciation using the straight-line method over the remaining useful life as of the acquisition date based on a 30-year useful life from the date the asset was placed in service. When a solar energy system is sold or otherwise disposed of, a gain (or loss) is recognized for the amount of cash received in excess of the net book value of the solar energy system (or vice versa) at which time the related solar energy system is removed from the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.Other property and equipment, net: Other property and equipment, net is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, or if acquired in a business combination, at fair value as of the date of acquisition less accumulated depreciation.Improvements are capitalized, while replacements, maintenance and repairs, which do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets, are expensed as incurred. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any gain or loss on the disposition is recorded in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as a component of other (income) expense, net.

Asset retirement obligations

Asset retirement obligations (ARO): Customer agreements only require that solar energy systems be removed if: (1) the customer has not renewed the customer agreement or exercised their purchase option and (2) the host customer requests the Company to remove the system. Upon review of the Company's estimate of the probability of required system removal, the Company considered current industry trends and has determined that it is highly probable that the customers will choose to renew their agreements or exercise the buyout option as the systems have an estimated useful life greater than the terms of the customer agreements and would still present value to the customer through cost savings. Therefore, the Company believes that the probability-weighted estimated removal costs are nominal and no ARO liability has been recorded.

Business combinations

Business combinations: The Company accounts for the acquisition of a business using the acquisition method of accounting. Amounts paid to acquire a business are allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the date of acquisition. The Company determines the fair value of purchase consideration, including contingent consideration, and acquired intangible assets based on valuations that use certain information and assumptions provided by Management. The Company allocates any excess purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired to goodwill. The results of operations of acquired businesses are included in the financial statements from the date of acquisition forward. Acquisition-related costs are expensed in periods in which the costs are incurred.

Asset acquisitions: The Company accounts for assets based on their cost to us, including direct and incremental transaction costs incurred by us. An asset acquisition’s cost or the consideration transferred by us is assumed to be equal to the fair value of the net assets acquired. If the consideration transferred is cash, measurement is based on the amount of cash we paid to the seller, as well as transaction costs incurred by us. Consideration given in the form of nonmonetary assets, liabilities incurred or equity interests issued is measured based on either the cost to us or the fair value of the assets or net assets acquired, whichever is more clearly evident. The cost of an asset acquisition is allocated to the assets acquired based on their estimated relative fair values. The Company engages third-party appraisal firms to assist in the fair value determination. Goodwill is not recognized in an asset acquisition.

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets: Prepaid expenses and other current assets include prepaid insurance, prepaid rent, and supplies, which are expected to be recognized or realized within the next 12 months.

Impairment of long-lived assets

Impairment of long-lived assets: The Company reviews long-lived assets, including solar energy systems, property and equipment, and intangible assets with definite lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset group’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company groups assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities and evaluate the asset group against the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows do not indicate the carrying amount of the asset group is recoverable, an impairment charge is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value. There has been no impairment charge for the periods presented.

Impairment of goodwill

Impairment of goodwill: Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair market value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of acquired businesses. Goodwill is not amortized but instead is annually tested for impairment, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may be impaired. The Company has recorded goodwill in connection with its historical business acquisitions.

The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment assessment at October 1 each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or circumstances arise which indicate that goodwill may be impaired. An assessment can be performed by first completing a qualitative assessment on the Company’s single reporting unit. The Company can also bypass the qualitative assessment in any period and proceed directly to the quantitative impairment test, and then resume the qualitative assessment in any subsequent period. Qualitative indicators that may trigger the need for annual or interim quantitative impairment testing include, among other things, deterioration in macroeconomic conditions, declining financial performance, deterioration in the operational environment, or an expectation of selling or disposing of a portion of the reporting unit. Additionally, a significant change in business climate, a loss of a significant customer, increased competition, a sustained decrease in share price, or a decrease in estimated fair value below book value may trigger the need for interim impairment testing of goodwill.

If the Company believes that, as a result of its qualitative assessment, it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is required. The quantitative test involves comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recorded as a reduction to goodwill with a corresponding charge to earnings in the period the goodwill is determined to be impaired. The income tax effect associated with an impairment of tax-deductible goodwill is also considered in the measurement of the goodwill impairment. Any goodwill impairment is limited to the total amount of goodwill.

The Company determines the fair value of its reporting unit using the market or income approach. Under the market approach method, the Company will compare its book value to the fair value of its public float, utilizing the fair value of its common stock on the measurement date. The income approach of computing fair value is based on the present value of the expected future economic benefits generated by the asset or business, such as cash flows or profits which will then be compared to its book value.

In the first quarter of 2022, the Company believed there were indicators that the carrying amount of its goodwill may be impaired due to a decline in the Company’s stock price and market capitalization. As a result, the Company performed an assessment of its goodwill for impairment. The Company elected to forego the qualitative test and proceeded to perform a quantitative test. The Company compared the book value of its single reporting unit to the fair value of its public float. The market capitalization was below the fair value of the Company by an amount in excess of its reported value of goodwill. As a result, the Company recorded a charge of $8.6 million to fully impair its goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2022. There has been no impairment charge for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Revenue

Revenue: The Company’s revenue is derived from Residential Solar business which primarily generates revenue through the sale to homeowners of power generated by its residential solar energy systems pursuant to long-term agreements.

Residential Solar Revenues

Energy generation - Customers purchase electricity under PPAs or SLAs. Revenue is recognized from contracts with customers as performance obligations are satisfied at a transaction price reflecting an amount of consideration based upon

an estimated rate of return which is expressed as the solar rate per kilowatt hour or a flat rate per month as defined in the customer contracts.

•PPAs - Under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"), PPA revenue is recognized when generated based upon the amount of electricity delivered as determined by remote monitoring equipment at solar rates specified under the PPAs.

•SLAs - The Company has SLAs, which do not meet the definition of a lease under ASC 842, Leases ("ASC 842"), and are accounted for as contracts with customers under ASC 606. Revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term as the obligation to provide continuous access to the solar energy system is satisfied. The amount of revenue recognized may not equal customer cash payments because the performance obligation has been satisfied ahead of cash receipt or evenly as continuous access to the solar energy system has been provided. The differences between revenue recognition and cash payments received are reflected in accounts receivable, other assets or deferred revenue, as appropriate.

Solar renewable energy credits - The Company has contracts with third parties to sell Solar Renewable Energy Credits ("SRECs") generated by the solar energy systems for fixed prices. Certain contracts that meet the definition of a derivative may be exempted as normal purchase or normal sales transactions ("NPNS"). NPNS are contracts that provide for the purchase or sale of something other than a financial instrument or derivative instrument that will be delivered in quantities expected to be used or sold over a reasonable period in the normal course of business. The Company's SREC contracts meet these requirements and are designated as NPNS contracts. Such SRECs are exempted from the derivative accounting and reporting requirements, and the Company recognizes revenues in accordance with ASC 606.The Company recognizes revenue for SRECs based on pricing predetermined within the respective contracts at a point of time when the SRECs are transferred.

Government incentives - The Company participates in the Residential Solar Investment Program of Connecticut, which offers a performance-based incentive (“PBI”) for certain of its solar energy systems that are associated with the program (“eligible systems”). PBIs are paid to the Company and recognized as revenue quarterly based on actual per-kilowatt-hour production delivered to the eligible systems. For systems up to 20kW, the Company will be paid a predetermined rate based on the eligible system start date. The program lasts for six years from the eligible systems’ start date. PBI revenue is accounted for under ASC 606 and is earned monthly based upon the actual electricity produced by the system.

Servicing revenue - The Company earns operating and maintenance revenue from third-party residential solar fund customers at pre-determined rates for various operating and maintenance and asset management services as specified in Maintenance Service Agreements ("MSAs") and Operating Service Agreements ("OSAs"). The MSAs and OSAs contain multiple performance obligations, including routine maintenance, nonroutine maintenance, renewable energy certificate management, inventory management, delinquent account collections and customer account management. Pursuant to ASC 606, the Company has elected the "right to invoice" practical expedient and revenue for these performance obligations are recognized as services are rendered based upon the underlying contractual arrangements.

The following table presents the detail of the Company’s revenues as recorded in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	3 Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023
PPA revenue	$	7,127
SLA revenue	7,922
Solar renewable energy credit revenue	1,535
Government incentives	24
Servicing revenue	113
Intangibles amortization	443
Other revenue	931
Total	$	18,095

Contract Balances: The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed trade accounts receivable, and deferred revenue (contract liabilities) on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Cost of Revenues: Cost of revenues primarily consists of the depreciation expense relating to the solar energy systems. In addition, this also consists of costs of third parties used to service the systems as well as any cost associated with meter swaps.

Warranties

Warranties: Customers who purchased the Company's Drivetrain systems were provided limited-assurance-type warranties for equipment and work performed under the contracts. The warranty period typically extends for 3 years following transfer of control of the equipment. The warranties solely relate to correction of product defects during the warranty period, which is consistent with similar warranties offered by competitors. Customers of XL Grid were provided limited-assurance-type warranties for a term of one year for installation work performed under its contracts.

The Company accrues the estimated cost of product warranties for unclaimed charges based on historical experiences and expected results. Should product failure rates and material usage costs differ from these estimated revisions to the estimated warranty liability are required. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded product warranty liabilities and adjusts the balances as required. Warranty expense is recorded as a component of discontinued operations. With the Company’s exit from the Drivetrain business and the subsequent sale of World Energy, the Company will not incur any additional warranty obligations and expects the warranty obligation to substantially run-off over the next 21 months.

The warranty liability is included in Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Income taxes

Income taxes: The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities and net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred income taxes are provided for the temporary differences arising between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, and operating loss carry-forwards and credits. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of changes in tax rates is recognized in the Statements of Operations in the period in which the enactment rate changes.

The ultimate recovery of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the amount and timing of future taxable income and other factors such as the taxing jurisdiction in which the asset is to be recovered. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are reduced through the establishment of a valuation allowance if, based on available evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return are accounted for using the more likely than not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement. The determination as to whether the tax benefit will more likely than not be realized is based upon the technical merits of the tax position as well as consideration of the available facts and circumstances. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no uncertain tax position taken or expected to be taken in the Company’s tax returns.

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to regular audits by U.S. federal and state and local tax authorities. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to federal, state or local tax examinations by tax authorities in its major jurisdictions for tax years before 2019. However, net operating loss carryforwards remain subject to examination to the extent they are carried forward and impact a year that is open to examination by tax authorities.

The Company did not recognize any tax related interest or penalties in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements, but would record any such interest and penalties as a component of the provision for income taxes

Share-based compensation

Share-based compensation: The Company grants stock-based awards to certain employees, directors and non-employee consultants. Awards issued under the Company’s stock-based compensation plans include stock options, restricted stock units and restricted stock awards. For transactions in which the Company obtains employee services in exchange for an award of equity instruments, the cost of the services are measured based on the grant date fair value of the award. The Company recognizes the cost over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the

award, known as the requisite service period (usually the vesting period). Costs related to plans with graded vesting are generally recognized using a straight-line method.

Stock Options

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock-based awards and recognizes the compensation cost on a straight line basis over the requisite service period of the awards for employee, which is typically the four-year vesting period of the award, and effective contract period specified in the award agreement for non-employee.

The fair value of common stock is determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange at each award grant date.

The determination of the fair value of share-based payment awards utilizing the Black-Scholes model is affected by the stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected life, risk- free interest rate and expected dividends. The Company does not have a significant history of trading of its common stock as it was not a public company until December 21, 2020, and as such expected volatility was estimated using historical volatilities of comparable public entities. The expected life of the awards is estimated based on a simplified method, which uses the average of the vesting term and the original contractual term. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on observed interest rates appropriate for the expected life of the awards. The dividend yield assumption is based on history and expectation of paying no dividends. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units generally vest over the requisite service periods (vesting on a straight–line basis). The fair value of a restricted stock unit award is equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on the grant date. The Company accounts for the forfeiture of equity awards as they occur.

Derivative instruments and hedging activities

Derivative instruments and hedging activities: The Company utilizes interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk on existing and planned future debt issuances. The fair value of all derivative instruments are recognized as assets or liabilities at the balance sheet date on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of the interest rate swaps are calculated by discounting the future net cash flows to the present value based on the terms and conditions of the agreements and the forward interest rate curves. As these inputs are based on observable data and valuations of similar instruments, the interest rate derivatives are primarily categorized in Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Warrant Liabilities

Warrant Liabilities: As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has outstanding private warrants it assumed with the December 2020 merger transaction with XL Hybrids, Inc. With the merger, the Company assumed private placement warrants to purchase 4,233,333 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of $11.50 per share (the "Private Warrants").

The Private Warrants do not meet the criteria for equity classification and must be recorded as liabilities. As the Private Warrants meet the definition of a derivative, they were measured at fair value at inception and at each reporting date with changes in fair value recognized in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Private Warrants were valued using a Black-Scholes model, with significant inputs consisting of risk-free interest rate, remaining term, expected volatility, exercise price, and the Company’s stock price.

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting: Segment reporting is based on the “management approach,” following the method that management organizes the Company’s reportable segments for which separate financial information is made available to, and evaluated regularly by, the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in allocating resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company determined that the Drivetrain and XL Grid operations were discontinued operations which resulted in the Company having one operating segment of selling electricity through residential solar energy systems or through residual ownership in master lease agreements.

Net income (loss) per share

Net income (loss) per share: Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period determined using the treasury stock and if-converted methods. For purposes of the diluted income (loss) per share calculation, stock options, restricted stock units, restricted stock and warrants are considered to be potentially dilutive securities. Potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation of diluted income (loss) per share when their effect would be anti-dilutive.

Related parties

Related parties: A party is considered to be related to the Company if the party directly or indirectly or through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. A party which can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties or if it has an ownership interest in one of the transacting parties and can significantly influence the other to an extent that one or more of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests is also a related party.

Recent accounting pronouncements issued and adopted

Recent accounting pronouncements:

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses of Financial Instruments, (ASU 2016-13) which, together with subsequent amendments, amends the requirement on the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held to replace the incurred loss model for financial assets measured at amortized cost and require entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2023. We adopted this ASU in January 2023 using the modified retrospective approach for our trade accounts receivable which resulted in a cumulative-effect adjustment to stockholders' equity of approximately $1.3 million. Results for reporting periods prior to 2023 continue to be presented in accordance with previously applicable GAAP while results for subsequent reporting periods are presented under ASC 326.

The following table presents the impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

(Amounts in thousands)	Accounts receivable, net
Balance at beginning of period (pre-ASC 326 adoption)	$	8,336
Impact of ASC 326 adoption	1,285
Balance at beginning of period (post-ASC 326 adoption)	$	9,621

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets to the total amount shown in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	172,797	$	333,461
Restricted cash	33,128		150
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	205,925	$	333,611

Changes in financing receivables for accounting standards update

The following table presents the changes in the allowance for credit losses recorded against accounts receivable, net in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	12,164
Impact of ASC 326 adoption	(1,285)
Provision for current expected credit losses	(523)
Balance at end of period	$	10,356

Property and equipment, schedule of useful lives

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method, based upon the following estimated useful lives:

Equipment	5 years
Furniture and fixtures	3 years
Computer and related equipment	2 years
Software	2 years
Vehicles	5 years
Leasehold improvements	Lesser of useful life of the asset or remaining life of the lease

Property and equipment consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Solar energy systems	$	494,008	$	401,754
Less accumulated depreciation	(11,989)		(5,928)
Solar energy systems, net	$	482,019	$	395,826
Equipment	$	47	$	48
Furniture and fixtures	294		294
Computers	239		222
Software	—		6
Leasehold improvements	65		65
Gross other property and equipment	645		635
Less accumulated depreciation	(336)		(293)
Other property and equipment, net	$	309	$	342
Property and equipment, net	$	482,328	$	396,168

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table presents the detail of the Company’s revenues as recorded in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	3 Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023
PPA revenue	$	7,127
SLA revenue	7,922
Solar renewable energy credit revenue	1,535
Government incentives	24
Servicing revenue	113
Intangibles amortization	443
Other revenue	931
Total	$	18,095

Schedule of accrued warranty liability

The following is a roll-forward of the Company’s accrued warranty liability:

	For the Three Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022
Balance at the beginning of the period	$	1,125	$	2,547
Accrual for warranties issued	—		28
Transfer of inventory to servicers	(498)		—
Warranty fulfillment charges	—		(172)
Balance at the end of the period	$	627	$	2,403

Impact of adoption of ASU 2016-13

The following table presents the impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

(Amounts in thousands)	Accounts receivable, net
Balance at beginning of period (pre-ASC 326 adoption)	$	8,336
Impact of ASC 326 adoption	1,285
Balance at beginning of period (post-ASC 326 adoption)	$	9,621

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Business Combinations (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Schedule of fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed by major class

The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocation of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquisition of Spruce Power, as adjusted, during the measurement period:

(Amounts in thousands)	Initial Purchase Price Allocation		Measurement Period Adjustments		Updated Purchase Price Allocation
Total purchase consideration:
Cash, net of cash acquired, and restricted cash	$	32,585	$	—	$	32,585
Allocation of consideration to assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Accounts receivable, net	10,995		—		10,995
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	6,768		(2,405)		4,363
Solar energy systems	406,298		89,268		495,566
Other property and equipment	337		—		337
Intangible assets	—		11,980		11,980
Interest rate swap assets	26,698		—		26,698
Right-of-use asset	3,279		(328)		2,951
Other assets	358		(102)		256
Goodwill	158,636		(129,879)		28,757
Accounts payable	(2,620)		(22)		(2,642)
Unfavorable solar renewable energy agreements	—		(10,500)		(10,500)
Accrued expenses	(13,061)		(241)		(13,302)
Lease liability	(3,382)		42		(3,340)
Long-term debt	(510,002)		2,772		(507,230)
Other liabilities	(335)		292		(43)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	(51,384)		39,123		(12,261)

Schedule of supplemental disclosure of pro forma information

The following table presents the Company’s pro forma combined results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022:

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)	2022
Revenues	$	16,991
Net income from continuing operations	$	10,649
Net loss from discontinued operations	(15,943)
Net income	$	(5,294)
Per share amounts:
Net income from continuing operations - basic	$	0.08
Net income from continuing operations - diluted	$	0.08
Net loss from discontinued operations - basic	$	(0.11)
Net loss from discontinued operations - diluted	$	(0.11)

Schedule of acquired finite-lived intangible assets

The intangible assets are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)	Asset Amount		Liability Amount		Estimated Life (in years)
Solar renewable energy agreements	$	340	$	10,500	6.0
Performance based incentives agreements	$	3,240	$	—	13.0
Tradenames	$	8,400	$	—	30.0

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Property and Equipment (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and equipment, schedule of useful lives

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method, based upon the following estimated useful lives:

Equipment	5 years
Furniture and fixtures	3 years
Computer and related equipment	2 years
Software	2 years
Vehicles	5 years
Leasehold improvements	Lesser of useful life of the asset or remaining life of the lease

Property and equipment consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Solar energy systems	$	494,008	$	401,754
Less accumulated depreciation	(11,989)		(5,928)
Solar energy systems, net	$	482,019	$	395,826
Equipment	$	47	$	48
Furniture and fixtures	294		294
Computers	239		222
Software	—		6
Leasehold improvements	65		65
Gross other property and equipment	645		635
Less accumulated depreciation	(336)		(293)
Other property and equipment, net	$	309	$	342
Property and equipment, net	$	482,328	$	396,168

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Intangible Assets, net (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets by Major Class

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023
Intangible assets:
Solar renewable energy agreements	$	340
Performance based incentives agreements	3,240
Tradenames	8,400
Less accumulated amortization	(1,137)
Intangible assets, net	$	10,843

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities [Abstract]

Schedule of accrued liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued interest	$	11,172	$	6,586
Professional fees	2,785		1,749
Accrued contingencies	2,677		2,300
Accrued compensation and related benefits	2,261		6,526
Accrued expenses, other	1,648		3,696
Accrued taxes	1,230		—
Accrued servicing expense	248		—
Accrued equity distributions	33		—
Accrued settlements	—		451
Deferred purchase price consideration – World Energy	—		201
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	22,054	$	21,509

Other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued interest	$	11,172	$	6,586
Professional fees	2,785		1,749
Accrued contingencies	2,677		2,300
Accrued compensation and related benefits	2,261		6,526
Accrued expenses, other	1,648		3,696
Accrued taxes	1,230		—
Accrued servicing expense	248		—
Accrued equity distributions	33		—
Accrued settlements	—		451
Deferred purchase price consideration – World Energy	—		201
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	22,054	$	21,509

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ROU Assets and Lease Liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of office space and R&D and manufacturing facilities

The Company’s right-of-use ("ROU") assets and lease liabilities are comprised of the following:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Operating leases:
Right-of-use assets	$	3,150	$	2,686
Lease liability, current	1,225		781
Lease liability, non-current	2,784		2,365
Finance leases:
Right-of-use assets	34		116
Lease liability, current	54		53
Lease liability, non-current	48		61

Schedule of other information related to leases

Other information related to leases is presented below:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(Amounts in thousands)	2023			2022
Other information:
Operating lease cost	$	321		$	227
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	417		$	240
Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases (in months)	42.7			81.1
Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases	4.3		%	9.7		%

Schedule of annual minimum lease payments of our operating lease liabilities

As of March 31, 2023, the annual minimum lease payments of our operating lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

For The Years Ending December 31,
2023 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2023)	$	634
2024	770
2025	675
2026	689
2027	346
Thereafter	—
Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted	3,114
Less: imputed interest	(895)
Present value of future minimum lease payments	$	4,009

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of fair values private warrants were valued using a black-scholes model

The Private Warrants were valued using a Black-Scholes model, pursuant to the inputs provided in the table below:

	Assumptions for Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Input	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Risk-free rate	3.88		%	1.11		%
Remaining term in years	2.73			3.98
Expected volatility	70.5		%	88.8		%
Exercise price	$	11.50		$	11.50
Fair value of common stock	$	0.82		$	3.31

Schedule of assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following table sets forth the Company’s assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy:

	Fair Value Measurements as of March 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands)	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Asset:
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	27,737	$	—	$	27,737
Liability:
Private Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	142	$	142

	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2022
(Amounts in thousands)	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Asset:
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	32,252	$	—	$	32,252
Liabilities:
Private Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	256	$	256
Fair value of obligation to issue shares of common stock to sellers of World Energy	—		—		151		151
Total	$	—	$	—	$	407	$	407

Schedule of roll forward of the Company’s Level 3 instruments

The following is a roll forward of the Company’s Level 3 instruments:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands)	Liability
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	407
Fair value adjustments – Warrant liability	(114)
Share settlement of World Energy Liability	(151)
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	142

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Share-Based Compensation Expense (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of stock option award activity

The Company grants stock options to certain employees that will vest over a period of one to four years. A summary of stock option award activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was as follows:

Options	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	6,091,271	$	1.39	2.7
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(1,081,679)	0.25
Cancelled or forfeited	(528,176)	6.94
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	4,481,416	$	1.02	2.6
Exercisable at March 31, 2023	4,318,930	$	0.95	2.6

Schedule of fair value of restricted stock awards

Restricted stock units activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was as follows:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Non-vested, at December 31, 2022	9,832,707	$	1.30
Granted	—	—
Vested	(2,731,919)	2.03
Cancelled or forfeited	(766,815)	1.36
Non-vested, at March 31, 2023	6,333,973	$	1.28

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Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest and Noncontrolling Interests (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]

Summary of noncontrolling interests

The following table summarizes redeemable noncontrolling interest and noncontrolling interests as of March 31, 2023:

Tax Equity Entity	Date Class A Member Admitted
Redeemable noncontrolling interest:
Level Solar Fund IV LLC	December 2016
Noncontrolling interests:
ORE F4 Holdco, LLC	August 2014
Volta Solar Owner II, LLC	August 2017

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Restructuring (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Schedule of Restructuring Reserve by Type of Cost

The following table summarizes the activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 in the restructuring liability for employee termination charges. There was no such liability outstanding as of March 31, 2022.

(Amounts in thousands)	Balance at December 31, 2022		Additions		Payments		Balance at March 31, 2023
Employee termination charges	$	3,429	$	723	$	(2,978)	$	1,174

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Net Loss Per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of numerator and denominator used to calculate basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share

The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used to calculate basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to stockholders	$	(19,395)	$	(16,077)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic	146,207,666		141,274,249
Dilutive effect of options, warrants, and restricted stock units	—		—
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted	146,207,666		141,274,249
Net loss attributable to stockholders per share, basic	$	(0.13)	$	(0.11)
Net loss attributable to stockholders per share, diluted	$	(0.13)	$	(0.11)

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Discontinued Operations (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Schedule of financial information regarding discontinued operations

The following table presents financial results from discontinued operations in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(Amounts in thousands)	2023		2022
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations:
Drivetrain	$	109	$	(5,896)
XL Grid	(3,975)		(1,441)
Impairment of goodwill	—		(8,606)
Total	$	(3,866)	$	(15,943)

XL Grid

The following table presents financial results of XL Grid operations:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(Amounts in thousands)	2023		2022
Revenues	$	149	$	4,165
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues - inventory and other direct costs	148		2,988
Loss on asset disposal	3,233		—
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	743		2,618
Total operating expenses	4,124		5,606
Net loss from discontinued operations	$	(3,975)	$	(1,441)

Drivetrain

The following table presents financial results of Drivetrain operations:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(Amounts in thousands)	2023		2022
Revenues	$	9	$	598
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues - inventory and other direct costs	(138)		2,208
Engineering, research, and development	—		2,989
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	—		1,297
Other	38		—
Total operating expenses	(100)		6,494
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations	$	109	$	(5,896)

The following table presents aggregate carrying amounts of assets and liabilities of discontinued operations in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets from discontinued operations:
Drivetrain	$	71	$	3,604
XL Grid	—		7,373
Goodwill	—		—
Total assets from discontinued operations	$	71	$	10,977
Liabilities from discontinued operations:
Drivetrain	$	802	$	5,743
XL Grid	—		3,648
Total liabilities from discontinued operations	$	802	$	9,391

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Organization and Description of Business (Details) segment in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 segment	Mar. 31, 2022 employee	Dec. 31, 2022 segment	Sep. 09, 2022
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Number of customers	72
Number of employees | employee		50
Spruce Power
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Number of customers			51
Percentage of membership interests acquired				100.00%

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) $ / shares in Units, segment in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Sep. 09, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) segment	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Jan. 01, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 $ / shares shares
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Restricted cash		$ 33,128,000	$ 150,000		$ 19,800,000
Impairment of long-lived assets		0	0
Goodwill impairment		$ 0	$ 8,600,000
Warranty period		3 years
Limited-assurance-type warranty, term		1 year
Effective income tax rate		0.00%	0.00%
Public warrants exercised | shares							4,233,333
Exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares							$ 11.50
Number of customers | segment		72
Cumulative effect adjustment of ASC 326		$ 265,209,000	$ 346,558,000		288,891,000	$ 361,810,000
Accounts receivable, net		$ 11,395,000		$ 8,336,000	8,336,000
Minimum
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Useful life of intangible liabilities		3 years
Estimated Life (in years)	3 years
Maximum
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Useful life of intangible assets		30 years
Useful life of intangible liabilities	6 years	30 years
Impact of ASC 326 adoption
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Cumulative effect adjustment of ASC 326					1,285,000
Accounts receivable, net				$ 1,285,000
Energy Equipment
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Useful life		30 years
Depreciation expense		$ 6,000,000	0
Other Property and Equipment
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Depreciation expense		60,000.00	$ 200,000
Restrictions Based On Financing Agreements And Consolidated VIEs
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Restricted cash		$ 33,000,000			$ 19,700,000
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Vesting period		4 years
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option | Minimum
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Vesting period		1 year
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option | Maximum
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Vesting period		4 years

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 172,797	$ 220,321	$ 333,461
Restricted cash	33,128	19,800	150
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$ 205,925	$ 240,144	$ 333,611	$ 351,826

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Changes in allowance for credit losses for accounting standards update (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 12,164
Provision for current expected credit losses	(523)
Balance at end of period	10,356
Impact of ASC 326 adoption
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ (1,285)

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of property, plant and equipment useful life (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life	5 years
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life	3 years
Computer and related equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life	2 years
Software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life	2 years
Vehicles
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life	5 years

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of warranty accruals (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Movement in Standard Product Warranty Accrual [Roll Forward]
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 627	$ 1,125	$ 2,403	$ 2,547
Accrual for warranties issued	0	28
Transfer of inventory to servicers	(498)	0
Warranty fulfillment charges	0	(172)
Balance at the end of the period	$ 627	$ 1,125

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of disaggregation of revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 18,095	$ 0
PPA revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	7,127
SLA revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	7,922
Solar renewable energy credit revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	1,535
Government incentives
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	24
Servicing revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	113
Intangibles amortization
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	443
Other revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 931

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Impact of ASU 2016-13 adoption (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Jan. 01, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, net	$ 11,395	$ 8,336	$ 8,336
Impact of ASC 326 adoption
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, net		$ 1,285
Balance at beginning of period (post-ASC 326 adoption)
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, net			$ 9,621

XML

Business Combinations - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Sep. 09, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Cash paid to acquire SEMTH assets, net of cash acquired		$ 23,139	$ 0
Noncontrolling interest, fair value adjustment		(5,500)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, fair value adjustment		200
Adjustment to additional paid in capital		$ (1,800)
Ampere Solar Owner IV, LLC, ORE F5A HoldCo, LLC, ORE F6 HoldCo, LLC, RPV Fund 11 LLC, RPV Fund 13 LLC, Sunserve Residential Solar I, LLC and Level Solar Fund III, LLC
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Ownership interest, percentage		100.00%
Spruce Power
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Cash paid to acquire SEMTH assets, net of cash acquired	$ 32,585	$ 32,585
Estimated Life (in years)	16 years
Spruce Power | Sales
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Effect of adjustments due to change in provisional amounts		(400)
Effect of adjustments related to prior periods due to change in provisional amounts		(500)
Spruce Power | Depreciation
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Effect of adjustments due to change in provisional amounts		1,900
Effect of adjustments related to prior periods due to change in provisional amounts		900
Spruce Power | Intangibles amortization
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Effect of adjustments due to change in provisional amounts		400
Effect of adjustments related to prior periods due to change in provisional amounts		$ 300
Legacy Spruce Power
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Cash paid to acquire SEMTH assets, net of cash acquired	$ 32,600
Payment to acquire business, gross	61,800
Cash acquired from acquisition	$ 29,200

XML

Business Combinations - Schedule of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		7 Months Ended
	Sep. 09, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Total purchase consideration:
Cash, net of cash acquired, and restricted cash		$ 23,139	$ 0
Allocation of consideration to assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Goodwill		28,757		$ 28,757	$ 128,548
Spruce Power
Total purchase consideration:
Cash, net of cash acquired, and restricted cash	$ 32,585	32,585
Allocation of consideration to assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Accounts receivable, net	10,995	10,995		10,995
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	6,768	4,363		4,363
Solar energy systems	406,298	495,566		495,566
Other property and equipment	337	337		337
Intangible assets	0	11,980		11,980
Interest rate swap assets	26,698	26,698		26,698
Right-of-use asset	3,279	2,951		2,951
Other assets	358	256		256
Goodwill	158,636	28,757		28,757
Accounts payable	(2,620)	(2,642)		(2,642)
Unfavorable solar renewable energy agreements	0	10,500		10,500
Accrued expenses	(13,061)	(13,302)		(13,302)
Lease liability	(3,382)	(3,340)		(3,340)
Long-term debt	(510,002)	(507,230)		(507,230)
Other liabilities	(335)	(43)		(43)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests	$ 51,384	$ 12,261		12,261
Measurement Period Adjustments
Prepaid expenses and other current assets				(2,405)
Solar energy systems				89,268
Intangible assets				11,980
Right-of-use asset				(328)
Other assets				(102)
Goodwill				(129,879)
Unfavorable solar renewable energy agreements				(10,500)
Accounts payable				(22)
Accrued expenses				(241)
Lease liability				42
Long-term debt				2,772
Other liabilities				292
Redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests				$ 39,123

XML

Business Combinations - Schedule of Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets (Details) - Spruce Power $ in Thousands	Sep. 09, 2022 USD ($)
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (in years)	16 years
Solar renewable energy agreements
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Asset Amount	$ 340
Liability Amount	$ 10,500
Estimated Life (in years)	6 years
Performance based incentives agreements
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Asset Amount	$ 3,240
Liability Amount	$ 0
Estimated Life (in years)	13 years
Tradenames
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Asset Amount	$ 8,400
Liability Amount	$ 0
Estimated Life (in years)	30 years

XML

Business Combinations - Pro Forma Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Sep. 09, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information, Nonrecurring Adjustment [Line Items]
Revenues		$ 16,991
Net income from continuing operations		10,649
Net income		$ (5,294)
Net loss from continuing operations - basic (in dollars per share)			$ 0.08
Net loss from continuing operations - diluted (in dollars per share)			0.08
Net loss from discontinued operations - basic (in dollars per share)			(0.11)
Net loss from discontinued operations - diluted (in dollars per share)			$ (0.11)
Spruce Power
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information, Nonrecurring Adjustment [Line Items]
Net loss from discontinued operations	$ (15,943)

XML

Acquisition of Master lease agreement (SEMTH) (Details) - SS Holdings 2017 and subsidiaries (SMETH) $ in Millions	Mar. 23, 2023 USD ($) customer
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Term of use rights to customer payment stream	20 years
Number of customers | customer	22,500
Payment to acquire use rights	$ 23
Senior indebtedness assumed	$ 125

XML

Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, net	$ 482,328	$ 396,168
Gross other property and equipment	645	635
Less accumulated depreciation	(336)	(293)
Other property and equipment, net	309	342
Solar energy systems
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Solar energy systems	494,008	401,754
Less accumulated depreciation	(11,989)	(5,928)
Property and equipment, net	482,019	395,826
Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross other property and equipment	47	48
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross other property and equipment	294	294
Computer and related equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross other property and equipment	239	222
Software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross other property and equipment	0	6
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross other property and equipment	$ 65	$ 65

XML

Intangible Assets, net (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Less accumulated amortization	$ (1,137)
Intangible assets, net	10,843
Solar renewable energy agreements
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets:	340
Performance based incentives agreements
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets:	3,240
Tradenames
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets:	$ 8,400

XML

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities [Abstract]
Accrued interest	$ 11,172	$ 6,586
Professional fees	2,785	1,749
Accrued contingencies	2,677	2,300
Accrued compensation and related benefits	2,261	6,526
Accrued expenses, other	1,648	3,696
Accrued taxes	1,230	0
Accrued servicing expense	248	0
Accrued equity distributions	33	0
Accrued settlements	0	451
Deferred purchase price consideration – World Energy	0	201
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 22,054	$ 21,509

XML

Long-Term Debt - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Jun. 10, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 09, 2022
Secured Debt | Deutsche Bank AG Credit Agreement | SET Borrower 2022, LLC
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal balance	$ 125,000
Secured Debt | Deutsche Bank AG Credit Agreement | SET Borrower 2022, LLC | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Applicable margin through the first twelve months	2.25%
Applicable margin for months thirteen through eighteen	2.50%
Applicable margin for months nineteen through twenty four	2.75%
Applicable margin after twenty four months through maturity	3.00%
Interest rate as of period end		7.03%
Legacy Spruce Power
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair value of long-term debt			$ 35,200
Fair value adjustment of amortization of long-term debt		$ 1,500

XML

ROU Assets and Lease Liabilities - Schedule of office space and R&D and manufacturing facilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating leases:
Right-of-use assets	$ 3,184	$ 2,802
Lease liability, current	1,279	834
Lease liability, non-current	2,832	2,426
Office Space and R&D and Manufacturing Facilities
Operating leases:
Right-of-use assets	3,150	2,686
Lease liability, current	1,225	781
Lease liability, non-current	2,784	2,365
Finance leases:
Right-of-use assets	34	116
Lease liability, current	54	53
Lease liability, non-current	$ 48	$ 61

XML

ROU Assets and Lease Liabilities - Schedule of other information related to leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Other information:
Operating lease cost	$ 321	$ 227
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 417	$ 240
Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases (in months)	42 years 8 months 12 days	81 years 1 month 6 days
Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases	4.30%	9.70%

XML

ROU Assets and Lease Liabilities - Schedule of annual minimum lease payments of our operating lease liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2023 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2023)	$ 634
2024	770
2025	675
2026	689
2027	346
Thereafter	0
Total future minimum lease payments, undiscounted	3,114
Less: imputed interest	(895)
Present value of future minimum lease payments	$ 4,009

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of fair values private warrants were valued using a Black-Scholes model (Details)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares
Risk-free rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Measurement input, risk-free interest rate, expected volatility	0.0388	0.0111
Remaining term in years
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Remaining term in years	2 years 8 months 23 days	3 years 11 months 23 days
Expected volatility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Measurement input, risk-free interest rate, expected volatility	0.705	0.888
Exercise price (in dollars per share)
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Measurement input, risk-free interest rate, expected volatility	11.50	11.50
Fair value of common stock (in dollars per share)
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Measurement input, risk-free interest rate, expected volatility	0.82	3.31

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Liabilities [Abstract]
Private Warrants	$ 142	$ 256
Fair value of obligation to issue shares of common stock to sellers of World Energy		151
Total		407
Interest Rate Swap
Assets
Interest rate swaps	27,737	32,252
Level I
Liabilities [Abstract]
Private Warrants	0	0
Fair value of obligation to issue shares of common stock to sellers of World Energy		0
Total		0
Level I | Interest Rate Swap
Assets
Interest rate swaps	0	0
Level II
Liabilities [Abstract]
Private Warrants	0	0
Fair value of obligation to issue shares of common stock to sellers of World Energy		0
Total		0
Level II | Interest Rate Swap
Assets
Interest rate swaps	27,737	32,252
Level III
Liabilities [Abstract]
Private Warrants	142	256
Fair value of obligation to issue shares of common stock to sellers of World Energy		151
Total		407
Level III | Interest Rate Swap
Assets
Interest rate swaps	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of roll forward of the Company's Level 3 instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Fair value adjustments – Warrant liability	$ 115	$ 2,717
Level III | Liability
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Beginning balance	407
Fair value adjustments – Warrant liability	(114)
Share settlement of World Energy Liability	(151)
Ending balance	$ 142

XML

Share-Based Compensation Expense - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		4 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 09, 2022
Share-Based Compensation Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 800,000	$ 400,000
Unrecognized compensation cost	5,500,000
Aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding	2,200,000
Aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercisable	2,200,000
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	$ 283,000	258,000
Restricted Stock Units
Share-Based Compensation Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	0
Restricted Stock Units | Director
Share-Based Compensation Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Vesting period	4 years
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option
Share-Based Compensation Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Period of recognition for share-based compensation expense	3 years 4 months 24 days
Vesting period	4 years
Ladder RSUs
Share-Based Compensation Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 100,000	$ 0
Expiration period of grant			10 years
Grant date stock price (in dollars per share)				$ 1.17
Expected volatility			85.00%
Risk free interest rate			3.30%
Expected dividend rate			0.00%
Ladder RSUs | President
Share-Based Compensation Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)			1,666,666
Percentage vesting in increments certified by Plan administrator			10.00%
Expiration period of grant			10 years
Minimum | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option
Share-Based Compensation Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Vesting period	1 year
Maximum | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option
Share-Based Compensation Expense (Details) [Line Items]
Vesting period	4 years

XML

Share-Based Compensation Expense - Schedule of stock option award activity (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Shares
Outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)	6,091,271
Granted (in shares)	0
Exercised (in shares)	(1,081,679)
Cancelled or forfeited (in shares)	(528,176)
Outstanding, ending balance (in shares)	4,481,416	6,091,271
Exercisable (in shares)	4,318,930
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, beginning balance (in usd per share)	$ 1.39
Granted (in usd per share)	0
Exercised (in usd per share)	0.25
Cancelled or forfeited (in usd per share)	6.94
Outstanding, ending balance (in usd per share)	1.02	$ 1.39
Exercisable (in usd per share)	$ 0.95
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Beginning balance		2 years 8 months 12 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Ending balance	2 years 7 months 6 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term, Exercisable	2 years 7 months 6 days

XML

Share-Based Compensation Expense - Schedule of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units (Details) - Restricted Stock Units	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Non-vested, beginning of period (in shares) | shares	9,832,707
Granted (in shares) | shares	0
Vested (in shares) | shares	(2,731,919)
Cancelled or forfeited (in shares) | shares	(766,815)
Non-vested, end of period (in shares) | shares	6,333,973
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award, Non Option Equity Instruments, Weighted Average Fair Value [Roll Forward]
Non-vested, beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 1.30
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	0
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	2.03
Cancelled or forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	1.36
Non-vested, ending of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 1.28

XML

Interest Rate Swaps - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Derivative [Line Items]
Percent of floating rate term loans covered	96.00%
Interest Rate Swap | Other Operating Income (Expense)
Derivative [Line Items]
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps	$ 5,600
Interest Rate Swap | Interest Expense
Derivative [Line Items]
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps	$ 2,500

XML

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest and Noncontrolling Interests (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Common Class A
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Allocation percentage of taxable income from inception to flip date	99.00%
Allocation percentage of taxable income after flip date	5.00%
Common Class B
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Allocation percentage of taxable income from inception to flip date	1.00%

XML

Restructuring (Details) - Employee termination charges - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring liability	$ 1,174	$ 0
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	3,429
Additions	723
Payments	2,978
Ending balance	$ 1,174

XML

Commitments and Contingencies (Details)			1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended
	Jun. 25, 2021 USD ($)	Feb. 24, 2021	Mar. 31, 2022	Feb. 28, 2021 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) lawsuit segment	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Oct. 19, 2021 lawsuit	Mar. 08, 2021 lawsuit
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Term of sponsorship agreement		3 years
Sponsor fee				$ 500,000
Sponsor fee paid	$ 250,000
Sponsorship fee accrued							$ 250,000
Term of sponsorship agreement cancelled			2 years
Incurred costs					$ 700,000
Estimated Litigation Liability						$ 2,500,000
Ampere Solar Owner I, LLC | Legacy Spruce Power | Domestic Tax Authority | Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Accrued taxes for recapture event					$ 0
Maximum | Legacy Spruce Power
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Sale of SERCs, term of certificates (up to)					20 years
Director
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Number of directors | segment					1
New York
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Number of class action complaints filed | lawsuit									2
Delaware
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Number of class action complaints filed | lawsuit					2			2

XML

Net Loss Per Share - Schedule of numerator and denominator used to calculate basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to stockholders	$ (19,395,000)	$ (16,077,000)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic (in shares)	146,207,666	141,274,249
Dilutive effect of options, warrants, and restricted stock units (in shares)	$ 0	$ 0
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted (in shares)	146,207,666	141,274,249
Net loss attributable to stockholders per share, basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.11)
Net loss attributable to stockholders per share, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.11)

XML

Discontinued Operations - Summary of net loss from discontinued operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations:	$ (3,866)	$ (15,943)
Impairment of goodwill	0	(8,600)
Discontinued Operations
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Impairment of goodwill	0	(8,606)
Discontinued Operations | Drivetrain
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations:	109	(5,896)
Discontinued Operations | XL Grid
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations:	$ (3,975)	$ (1,441)

XML

Discontinued Operations - Net income (loss) from discontinued operation by discontinued operation (Details) - Discontinued Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Drivetrain
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 9	$ 598
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues - inventory and other direct costs	(138)	2,208
Engineering, research, and development	0	2,989
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	0	1,297
Other	38	0
Total operating expenses	(100)	6,494
Net loss from discontinued operations	109	(5,896)
XL Grid
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Revenues	149	4,165
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues - inventory and other direct costs	148	2,988
Loss on asset disposal	3,233	0
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	743	2,618
Total operating expenses	4,124	5,606
Net loss from discontinued operations	$ (3,975)	$ (1,441)

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Discontinued Operations - Schedule of Assets and Liabilities of Discontinued Operations (Details) - Discontinued Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets from discontinued operations:
Goodwill	$ 0	$ 0
Total assets from discontinued operations	71	10,977
Liabilities from discontinued operations:
Total liabilities from discontinued operations	802	9,391
Drivetrain
Assets from discontinued operations:
Total assets from discontinued operations	71	3,604
Liabilities from discontinued operations:
Total liabilities from discontinued operations	802	5,743
XL Grid
Assets from discontinued operations:
Total assets from discontinued operations	0	7,373
Liabilities from discontinued operations:
Total liabilities from discontinued operations	$ 0	$ 3,648

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Subsequent Event (Details) $ in Thousands	May 15, 2023 USD ($)
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Events (Details) [Line Items]
Authorized amount of stock repurchase program	$ 50,000