10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

	(Mark One)
☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from _______ to _______

Commission file number: 001-38839

Shift Technologies, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	82-5325852
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)
290 Division Street, Suite 400, San Francisco, California 94103-4893 (Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (855) 575-6739

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share	SFT	Nasdaq Capital Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
Emerging growth company	☒
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May 16, 2023, the registrant had 16,956,933 shares of Class A common stock outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
Part I - Financial Information		1
Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)	2
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	5
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	37
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	51
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	51
Part II - Other Information		53
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	53
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	55
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	56
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	56
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	56
Item 5.	Other Information	56
Item 6.	Exhibits	56
Signatures		56

i

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial performance, business strategies, and expectations for our business constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our or our management’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “would,” “will,” “approximately,” “shall,” the negative of any of these and any similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking.

Some factors that could cause actual results to differ include, but are not limited to:

•general business and economic conditions and risks related to the larger automotive ecosystem, including, but not limited to, unemployment levels, consumer confidence, fuel prices, changes in the prices of used vehicles, and interest rates;

•competition, and the ability of the Company to grow and manage growth profitably;

•our history of losses and ability to achieve or maintain profitability in the future;

•our ability to establish our software as a platform to be used by automotive dealers;

•risks relating to our inspection, reconditioning and storage facilities;

•impacts of COVID-19 and other pandemics;

•our reliance on third-party carriers for transportation;

•our current geographic concentration where we provide reconditioning services and store inventory;

•cyber-attacks or other privacy or data security incidents;

•the impact of copycat websites;

•failure to adequately protect our intellectual property, technology and confidential information;

•our reliance on third-party service providers to provide financing;

•the impact of federal and state laws related to financial services on our third-party service providers;

•risks that impact the quality of our customers' experience, our reputation, or our brand;

•changes in the prices of new and used vehicles;

•our ability to correctly appraise and price vehicles;

•access to desirable vehicle inventory;

•our ability to expeditiously sell inventory;

•our ability to expand product offerings;

•risks that impact the affordability and availability of consumer credit;

•changes in applicable laws and regulations and our ability to comply with applicable laws and regulations;

•risks related to income taxes and examinations by tax authorities;

•access to additional debt and equity capital;

ii

•potential dilution resulting from future sales or issuances of our equity securities;

•risks related to compliance with Nasdaq listing standards;

•risks related to compliance with the Telephone Consumer Protection Act;

•changes in government regulation of ecommerce;

•changes in technology and consumer acceptance of such changes;

•risks related to online payment methods;

•risks related to our marketing and branding efforts;

•our reliance on internet search engines, vehicle listing sites and social networking sites to help drive traffic to our website;

•any restrictions on the sending of emails or messages or an inability to timely deliver such communications;

•seasonal and other fluctuations in our quarterly results of operations;

•changes in the auto industry and conditions affecting automotive manufacturers;

•customers choosing not to shop online;

•natural disasters, adverse weather events and other catastrophic events;

•adequacy and availability of insurance coverage;

•our dependence on key personnel;

•increases in labor costs and compliance with labor laws;

•our reliance on third-party technology and information systems;

•our use of open-source software;

•claims asserting that our employees, consultants or advisors have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of their current or former employers;

•significant disruptions in service on our platform;

•impairment charges;

•our level of indebtedness, changes in interest rates, and our reliance on our Flooring Line of Credit with Ally Bank;

•volatility in the price of our common stock;

•issuances of our Class A common stock and future sales of our Class A common stock;

•anti-takeover provisions under Delaware law;

•risks related to our financial guidance and coverage by securities analysts;

•our ability to establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting;

•the effect of the announcement of the Restructuring Plan on our ability to retain and hire key personnel and maintain relationships with our customers, suppliers and others with whom we do business;

•our ability to successfully realize the anticipated benefits of the Restructuring Plan;

•our ability to successfully integrate Fair Dealer Services, LLC’s operations, technologies and employees;

iii

•our ability to realize anticipated benefits and synergies of the Fair acquisition, including the expectation of enhancements to our products and services, greater revenue or growth opportunities, operating efficiencies and cost savings;

•our ability to realize anticipated benefits and synergies of the CarLotz Merger, including the expectation of enhancements to our products and services, greater revenue or growth opportunities, operating efficiencies and cost savings;

•our ability to ensure continued performance and market growth of the combined company’s business; and

•other economic, business and/or competitive factors, risks and uncertainties, including those described in Part II, Item 1A. "Risk Factors.”

We do not undertake, and expressly disclaim, any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws. We caution you not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this filing.

iv

Part I - Financial Information

1

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(unaudited)

	As of March 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	58,784	$	96,159
Restricted cash, current	7,907		10,632
Marketable securities at fair value	—		1,264
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $603 and $93	4,393		4,558
Inventory	34,019		40,925
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	6,257		7,657
Operating and finance lease assets, property and equipment, accounts receivable, and other assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	12,749		17,226
Total current assets	124,109		178,421
Restricted cash, non-current	1,030		1,055
Marketable securities at fair value, non-current	—		707
Property and equipment, net	2,012		6,797
Operating lease assets	28,366		44,568
Finance lease assets, net	112		152
Capitalized website and internal use software costs, net	9,633		10,657
Goodwill	2,070		2,070
Deferred borrowing costs	193		268
Other non-current assets	1,971		3,323
Total assets	$	169,496	$	248,018
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	14,280	$	12,085
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	23,136		33,872
Operating lease liabilities, current	5,490		8,865
Finance lease liabilities, current	50		271
Flooring line of credit	22,165		24,831
Operating and finance lease liabilities and other liabilities associated with assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	18,159		15,432
Total current liabilities	83,280		95,356
Long-term debt, net	163,879		163,363
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	27,245		44,985
Finance lease liabilities, non-current	1,496		3,989
Other non-current liabilities	65		111
Total liabilities	275,965		307,804
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Stockholders’ deficit:
Preferred stock – par value $0.0001 per share; 1,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	—		—
Common stock – par value $0.0001 per share; 500,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively; 17,227,910 and 17,212,130 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	2		2
Additional paid-in capital	554,379		552,968
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	—		(3)
Accumulated deficit	(660,850)		(612,753)
Total stockholders’ deficit	(106,469)		(59,786)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit	$	169,496	$	248,018

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Revenue
Retail revenue, net	$	48,907	$	183,081
Other revenue, net	1,652		8,712
Wholesale vehicle revenue	3,549		27,787
Total revenue	54,108		219,580
Cost of sales	50,944		208,792
Gross profit	3,164		10,788
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses	42,591		63,537
Depreciation and amortization	4,399		1,680
Loss on impairment	931		—
Total operating expenses	47,921		65,217
Loss from operations	(44,757)		(54,429)
Interest and other expense, net	(2,791)		(2,578)
Loss before income taxes	(47,548)		(57,007)
Provision for income taxes	55		41
Net loss from continuing operations	(47,603)		(57,048)
Loss from discontinued operations	494		—
Net loss and comprehensive loss	$	(48,097)	$	(57,048)
Net loss and comprehensive loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(2.84)	$	(6.97)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted	16,920,600		8,182,525

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(unaudited)

	Common Stock			Additional Paid in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders’ Deficit
	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2022	17,212,130	$	2	$	552,968	$	(612,753)	$	(3)	$	(59,786)
Vesting of early exercised options	—	—		14		—		—		14
Stock-based compensation	—	—		1,416		—		—		1,416
Issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plans, net of shares exchanged for withholding tax	15,780	—		(19)		—		—		(19)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		—		—		3		3
Net loss and comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(48,097)		—		(48,097)
Balance at March 31, 2023	17,227,910	$	2	$	554,379	$	(660,850)	$	—	$	(106,469)

	Common Stock			Additional Paid in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2021	8,136,931	$	1	$	515,982	$	(440,711)	$	—	$	75,272
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of vested options	1,231	—		3		—		—		3
Repurchase of shares related to early exercised options	(278)	—		—		—		—		—
Vesting of early exercised options	—	—		35		—		—		35
Stock-based compensation	—	—		4,517		—		—		4,517
Issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plans, net of shares exchanged for withholding tax	130,029	—		(2,162)		—		—		(2,162)
Net loss and comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(57,048)		—		(57,048)
Balance at March 31, 2022	8,267,913	$	1	$	518,375	$	(497,759)	$	—	$	20,617

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$	(48,097)	$	(57,048)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	4,447		2,019
Stock-based compensation expense	1,233		4,192
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	3,388		2,162
Contra-revenue associated with milestones	601		159
Amortization of debt discounts	591		365
Loss on impairment	931		—
Loss on disposal of long-lived assets	3,460		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	845		130
Inventory	6,379		(37,762)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,437		(2,179)
Other non-current assets	101		(27)
Accounts payable	1,934		(543)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(9,780)		(6,243)
Operating lease liabilities	(3,746)		(1,925)
Other non-current liabilities	(38)		(1,670)
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash used in operating activities	(36,314)		(98,370)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of property and equipment	(390)		(1,444)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	9		—
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities	806		—
Proceeds from commutation of reinsurance contracts	187		—
Proceeds from sale of discontinued operations	434		—
Capitalized website internal-use software costs	(1,991)		(2,328)
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash used in investing activities	(945)		(3,772)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from flooring line of credit facility	33,229		126,903
Repayment of flooring line of credit facility	(35,895)		(110,150)
Principal payments on finance leases	(180)		—
Proceeds from stock option exercises, including from early exercised options	—		3
Payment of tax withheld for common stock issued under stock-based compensation plans	(19)		(2,162)
Repurchase of shares related to early exercised options	(1)		(10)
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(2,866)		14,584
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(40,125)		(87,558)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	107,846		194,341
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	67,721	$	106,783

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid for interest	$	1,114	$	496
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Capital expenditures in accounts payable	$	—	$	534
Vesting of exercised options	14		35
Stock-based compensation capitalized to internal-use software	183		325
Imputation of debt discounts reducing consideration transferred in business acquisitions	2,103		—
Establishment of lease right of use assets and lease liabilities
Operating lease right of use assets	$	—	$	27,855
Operating lease liabilities	—		28,631
Other assets	—		1,716
Other liabilities	—		2,492
Termination of lease right of use assets and lease liabilities
Operating lease right of use assets	$	11,884	$	—
Operating lease liabilities	11,744		—
Finance lease right of use assets	4,660		—
Finance lease liabilities	4,746		—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

5

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

1. DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS

Shift Technologies, Inc., which, together with its subsidiaries we refer to as Shift, we, us, our, SFT, or the Company, conducts its business through its wholly owned subsidiaries. Shift Platform, Inc., formerly known as Shift Technologies, Inc. (“Legacy Shift”) was incorporated in the State of Delaware on December 9, 2013.

Shift Technologies, Inc. is a consumer-centric omnichannel retailer transforming the used car industry by leveraging its end-to-end ecommerce platform and retail locations to provide a technology-driven, hassle-free customer experience.

The Company currently is organized into two reportable segments: Retail and Wholesale. The Retail segment represents retail sales of used vehicles through the Company’s ecommerce platform and fees earned on sales of value-added products associated with those vehicles sales such as vehicle service contracts, guaranteed asset protection waiver coverage, prepaid maintenance plans, and appearance protection plans. The Wholesale segment represents sales of used vehicles through wholesale auctions or directly to a wholesaler (“DTW”).

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

Our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. In the opinion of management, the interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for fair financial statement presentation.

The interim condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, condensed consolidated statements of stockholders' equity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, and amounts relating to the interim periods included in the accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. The unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements contained in the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, and in management’s opinion, reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for the fair financial statement presentation of the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2023, and its results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the fiscal year or any other periods. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on March 31, 2023.

At the Company’s Special Meeting of Stockholders held on December 7, 2022, the Company’s stockholders approved a proposal to authorize a reverse stock split of the Company’s Class A common stock, at a ratio within the range of 1-for-5 to 1-for-10. The Board approved a 1-for-10 reverse split ratio, and on March 7, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Charter Amendment”) to effect the reverse split effective March 8, 2023. All share and per-share amounts have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the impact of the reverse stock split.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions, including those related to the valuation of vehicle inventory, capitalized website and internal-use software development costs, fair value of Class A common stock, financial instruments, convertible debt, stock-based compensation and income taxes.

6

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Management bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from those estimates.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are primarily due from auction facilities and partner financial institutions that provide financing to our customers.

The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts that is calculated under the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model. The CECL model applies to financial assets measured at amortized cost, and requires the Company to reflect expected credit losses over the remaining contractual term of the asset. As the large majority of the Company’s receivables settle within 30 days, the forecast period under the CECL model is a relatively short horizon. The Company uses an aging method to estimate allowances for doubtful accounts under the CECL model as the Company has determined that the aging method adequately reflects expected credit losses, as corroborated by historical loss rates.

Marketable Securities

The Company acquired equity and debt security investments as a result of the CarLotz Merger on December 9, 2022. Equity and debt securities are classified as Level 1 and Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, respectively. Substantially all of the debt and equity securities were sold between December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023 and $3 thousand was reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss for net losses on marketable securities.

Discontinued Operations

We review the presentation of planned business dispositions in the condensed consolidated financial statements based on the available information and events that have occurred. The review consists of evaluating whether the business meets the definition of a component for which the operations and cash flows are clearly distinguishable from the other components of the business, and if so, whether it is anticipated that after the disposal the cash flows of the component would be eliminated from continuing operations and whether the disposition represents a strategic shift that has a major effect on operations and financial results. In addition, we evaluate whether the business has met the criteria as a business held for sale. In order for a planned disposition to be classified as a business held for sale, the established criteria must be met as of the reporting date, including an active program to market the business and the expected disposition of the business within one year.

Planned business dispositions are presented as discontinued operations when all the criteria described above are met. For those divestitures that qualify as discontinued operations, all comparative periods presented are reclassified in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, the results of operations of a discontinued operation are reclassified to income from discontinued operations, net of tax, for all periods presented in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Results of discontinued operations include all revenues and expenses directly derived from such businesses; general corporate overhead is not allocated to discontinued operations.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The authoritative guidance on fair value measurements establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements as follows:

Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

7

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires management to make judgments and consider factors specific to the asset or liability. The Company recognizes transfers between the levels as of the actual date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. There were no transfers between levels during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had less than $0.1 million in assets and liabilities, respectively, measured at fair value.

Escrow Shares

In connection with the closing of the Company's merger with Insurance Acquisition Corp. on October 13, 2020, (the "IAC Merger"), 600,021 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock (the “Escrow Shares”) were deposited into an escrow account, with each former Legacy Shift stockholder listed as beneficiary in proportion to their percentage ownership of Legacy Shift common shares immediately prior to the IAC Merger. The Escrow Shares will be released to the beneficiaries if the following conditions are achieved following October 13, 2020, the date of the closing of the IAC Merger:

i.If at any time during the 12 months following the closing, the closing share price of the Company’s Class A common stock is greater than $120.00 over any 20 trading days within any 30 trading day period, 50% of the Escrow Shares will be released.

ii.If at any time during the 30 months following the closing, the closing share price of the Company’s Class A common stock is greater than $150.00 over any 20 trading days within any 30 trading day period, 50% of the Escrow Shares will be released.

iii.If, during the 30 months following the closing, there is a change of control (as defined in the IAC Merger Agreement) that will result in the holders of the Company’s Class A common stock receiving a per share price equal to or in excess of $100.00 per share (as equitably adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, special cash dividends, reorganizations, combinations, recapitalizations and similar transactions affecting the Class A common stock after the date of the IAC Merger), then all remaining Escrow Shares shall be released to the Legacy Shift stockholders effective as of immediately prior to the consummation of such change of control.

The Escrow Shares are legally outstanding and the beneficiaries retain all voting, dividend and distribution rights applicable to the Company’s Class A common stock while the shares are in escrow. If the conditions for the release of the Escrow Shares are not met, the shares and any dividends or distributions arising therefrom shall be returned to the Company. The Escrow Shares are not considered outstanding for accounting purposes, and as such are excluded from the calculation of basic net loss per share (see Note 17 - Net Loss Per Share).

The Escrow Shares meet the accounting definition of a derivative financial instrument. Prior to the cancellation of the first tranche on October 13, 2021, the number of Escrow Shares that would have ultimately been released was partially dependent on variables (namely, the occurrence of a change in control) that are not valuation inputs to a “fixed for fixed” option or forward contract, and therefore the Escrow Shares were not considered to be indexed to the Company’s Class A common stock and were therefore classified as a liability. The Company’s obligation to release the Escrow Shares upon achievement of the milestones was initially recorded to financial instruments liability on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value as of the date of the IAC Merger. Subsequent changes in the fair value of the liability were recorded to change in fair value of financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

As of the first anniversary of the IAC Merger on October 13, 2021, the first tranche of 300,011 Escrow Shares had failed to satisfy the $120.00 stock performance hurdle. As a result, the shares were returned to the Company for cancellation.

8

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Following the return of the first tranche of the Escrow Shares to the Company on October 13, 2021, the Escrow Shares met the "fixed for fixed" option or forward contract criteria for equity classification. As such, changes in fair value of the Escrow Shares through October 13, 2021 were recorded in change in fair value of financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The fair value of the shares on October 13, 2021 of $6.3 million, measured using the Monte Carlo valuation model, was reclassified to additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

On April 13, 2023 the second tranche of 300,010 Escrow Shares failed to satisfy the applicable stock performance hurdle. As a result, the shares were returned to the Company for cancellation.

Liquidity and Management's Plan

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company generated negative cash flows from operations of approximately $36.3 million and $98.4 million, respectively, and generated net losses of approximately $48.1 million and $57.0 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $58.8 million and total working capital of $40.8 million. Since inception, the Company has had negative cash flows and losses from operations which it has funded primarily through issuances of common and preferred stock and through a reverse recapitalization via the IAC Merger in October 2020. The Company has historically funded vehicle inventory purchases through its vehicle floorplan facilities (see Note 9 - Borrowings). The Company's current floorplan facility expires on December 9, 2023. The Company also continually assesses other opportunities to raise debt or equity capital.

The Company's plan is to raise capital to provide the liquidity necessary to satisfy its obligations over the next twelve months, and to secure a new or amended floorplan financing arrangement to provide continuity when the current floorplan expires. The Company may also pursue other strategic alternatives. The Company's ability to raise capital may be constrained by the price of and demand for the Company's Class A common stock. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to raise sufficient additional capital or obtain financing that will provide it with sufficient liquidity to satisfy its obligations over the next twelve months.

The Company continues to focus its strategy on improving unit economics and reducing selling, general, and administrative expenses and seeks to achieve these goals by eliminating less profitable fulfillment channels, consolidating operations into fewer physical locations, and reducing headcount accordingly. Please see Note 15 - Impairment, Restructuring and Discontinued Operations for additional information.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40), the Company has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. Management determined as a result of this evaluation, the Company’s losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception, combined with its current cash, working capital position, and expiration of the current floorplan financing arrangement on December 9, 2023, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis that assumes the Company will continue as a going concern which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course of business. Accordingly, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued guidance codified in Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13, Financial instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"), and subsequent related ASUs, which amends the guidance on the impairment of financial instruments by requiring measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held. This ASU is effective for public and private companies’ fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, and December 15, 2022, respectively. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 under the private company transition guidance beginning January 1, 2023. The adoption did not materially impact the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

9

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

3. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

Fair Dealer Services, LLC

On May 11, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of certain automotive dealer marketplace assets and all of the issued and outstanding limited liability company interests of Fair Dealer Services, LLC (“Fair”), (collectively, the “Marketplace Assets”), from Fair Financial Corp., Fair IP, LLC (“Fair IP”), and (for limited purposes) Cayman Project 2 Limited (“SB LL Holdco”), pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Purchase Agreement dated May 11, 2022. The Company purchased the Marketplace Assets in order to acquire software and other assets to enable the listing of inventory owned by third-party dealerships for sale on the Company’s ecommerce platform. The Company determined that the Marketplace Assets meet the definition of a business, and the purchase is properly accounted for as a business combination.

The Company incurred a total of $3.3 million of transaction related costs for the year ended December 31, 2022. There were no transaction costs incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or 2022.

The consideration for the Marketplace Assets consisted of cash in the amount of $15.0 million (the “Cash Consideration”) and 206,698 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock (such shares being equal to 2.5% of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s Class A common stock as of immediately prior to the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Amended and Restated Purchase Agreement) (the “Stock Consideration”). The shares were issued and valued as of May 11, 2022 at a per share market closing price of $10.20.

The Company financed the acquisition of the Marketplace Assets through the issuance of the Senior Unsecured Notes to SB LL Holdco (see Note 9 - Borrowings). The stated interest rate on the Senior Unsecured Notes was determined to be below the market rate of interest, effectively providing a discount on the purchase price of the Marketplace Assets. Therefore, the Company recognized an imputed discount of $2.1 million on the Senior Unsecured Notes based on an estimated market rate of interest of 10.5%, and a corresponding reduction to the consideration transferred for the purchase of the Marketplace Assets.

The following table presents an estimate of consideration transferred:

	(In thousands)
Cash consideration	$	15,000
Fair value of shares of Shift Class A common stock issued	2,481
Allocation of proceeds from Senior Unsecured Notes	(2,103)
Acquisition Consideration	$	15,378

The intangible assets acquired were recorded at their fair values as of the acquisition date. Management estimated the fair value of intangible assets in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance for business combinations and utilized the services of third-party valuation consultants. The initial allocation of the consideration transferred is based on a preliminary valuation and is subject to adjustments. Balances subject to adjustment primarily include the valuations of acquired assets and tax-related matters. During the measurement period, the Company may record adjustments to the provisional amounts recognized.

	Estimated Fair Value
Capitalized website and internal use software costs	$	12,500
Other intangible assets - Trade name	100
Other intangible assets - Dealer network	100
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	154
Goodwill	2,524
Total fair value of purchase price	$	15,378

10

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Identifiable Intangible Assets

The Company acquired intangible assets that consisted primarily of developed software, which had an estimated fair value of $12.5 million, and which is included in capitalized website and internal use software costs, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company also acquired other intangible assets with a total estimated fair value of $0.2 million. The Cost to Recreate Method was used to value the acquired developed software asset. Management applied judgment in estimating the fair value of this intangible asset, which involved the use of significant assumptions such as the cost and time to build the acquired technology, developer’s profit and rate of return. The other intangible assets are included in other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company began amortizing the intangible assets on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of three years for the capitalized internal use software and trade name, and one year for the dealer network. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company fully impaired these assets.

Goodwill

The goodwill represents the excess of consideration transferred over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and is attributable to the benefits expected from combining the Company’s expertise with Fair’s technology, resource base, and ability to effectively integrate the Marketplace Assets with the Company's existing ecommerce platform. This goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes.

Pro forma information (unaudited)

The unaudited pro forma results presented below include the effects of the Fair acquisition as if it had been consummated as of January 1, 2021, with adjustments to give effect to pro forma events that are directly attributable to the acquisition which includes adjustments related to the amortization of acquired intangible assets. The unaudited pro forma results do not reflect any operating efficiency or potential cost savings which may result from the integration of Fair. Accordingly, these unaudited pro forma results are presented for informational purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of what the actual results of operation of the combined company would have been if the acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 2021.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Revenue	$	219,580
Loss from operations	(59,240)
Net loss	$	(62,196)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(7.69)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted	8,089,211

11

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

CarLotz, Inc.

On December 9, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of CarLotz, Inc. (“CarLotz”), a Delaware corporation, pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "CarLotz Merger") dated as of August 9, 2022 (the “Merger Agreement”). The CarLotz Merger increased the liquidity available to the combined entity by adding the cash resources of legacy CarLotz to the combined entity and obviating the need for legacy CarLotz to invest in technologies already developed by Shift. The Company determined that the CarLotz Merger is properly accounted for as a business combination.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company incurred an additional $0.1 million of transaction related costs for a total of $16.3 million since the date of acquisition, which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The following table presents an estimate of Merger Consideration transferred to effect the CarLotz Merger at Closing:

	(In thousands)
Fair value of shares of Shift Class A common stock issued to CarLotz stockholders	$	22,411
Replacement of CarLotz equity awards	562
Merger Consideration	$	22,973

The fair value of shares of Shift Class A common stock issued as Merger Consideration was based on approximately 8.6 million shares of Shift Class A common stock, including 0.1 million shares issued pursuant to accelerated vesting of certain CarLotz RSU Awards in connection with the CarLotz Merger, and the closing price of Shift Class A common stock of $2.62 per share on December 9, 2022.

Consideration transferred was allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values as of the acquisition date. Management estimated the fair value of tangible and intangible assets and liabilities in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance for business combinations and utilized the services of third-party valuation consultants. The initial allocation of the consideration transferred is based on a preliminary valuation and is subject to adjustments. Balances subject to adjustment primarily include the valuations of acquired assets (tangible and intangible), liabilities assumed, as well as tax-related matters. During the measurement period, the Company may record adjustments to the provisional amounts recognized. The allocation of the consideration transferred will be finalized within the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date).

12

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

	Estimated Fair Value
Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities	$	97,710
Accounts receivable	3,321
Inventory	7,062
Other current assets	1,756
Property and equipment	7,009
Operating lease right of use assets	25,119
Finance lease right of use assets	4,176
Developed technology	3,190
Trademarks	970
Other non-current assets	364
Total assets	150,677
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(11,899)
Operating lease liabilities, current	(4,127)
Finance lease liabilities, current	(273)
Other current liabilities	(694)
Operating lease liabilities	(24,713)
Finance lease liabilities	(8,940)
Other non-current liabilities	(373)
Total liabilities	(51,019)
Net assets acquired	99,658
Gain on Bargain purchase	$	(76,685)
Consideration transferred	$	22,973

Identifiable Intangible Assets

The fair value of the trademarks and developed technology intangible assets has been determined using the relief-from-royalty method, which involves the estimation of an amount of hypothetical royalty savings enjoyed by the entity that owns the intangible asset because that entity is relieved from having to license that intangible asset from another owner. In using this method, third-party arm’s-length royalty or license agreements were analyzed. The licensing transactions were selected as reflecting similar risks and characteristics that make them comparable to the subject assets. The net revenue expected to be generated by the intangible asset during its expected remaining life was then multiplied by the selected royalty rate. The selected estimated royalty rates for the trademarks and developed technology were 0.3% and 1.5%, respectively. The estimated after-tax royalty streams were then discounted to present value using a discount rate of 19.4%, to estimate the fair value of the subject intangible assets.

The trademarks are included in other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The developed technology is included in capitalized website and internal use software costs, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company fully amortized the intangible assets on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of three months, as the Company is decommissioning the acquired intangible assets in favor of equivalent legacy Shift assets.

13

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Bargain Purchase

Any excess of fair value of acquired net assets over the purchase price (negative goodwill) has been recognized as a gain in the period the acquisition was completed. We have reassessed whether all acquired assets and assumed liabilities have been identified and recognized and performed remeasurements to verify that the consideration paid, assets acquired, and liabilities assumed have been properly valued. The remaining excess has been recognized as a gain in the consolidated statement of operations. Factors believed to contribute to the bargain purchase include i) the management turnover, restructuring, and other indicators of distress experienced by CarLotz prior to the CarLotz Merger, ii) successful cash conservation efforts by CarLotz during the period from the execution of the CarLotz Merger Agreement to the closing of the merger, and iii) a significant decline in the market price of the Company's Class A common stock during the period from the execution of the Merger Agreement to the closing of the merger, which reduced the fair market value of the stock paid as consideration for the merger.

Pro forma information (unaudited)

The unaudited pro forma results presented below include the effects of the CarLotz Merger as if it had been consummated as of January 1, 2021, with adjustments to give effect to pro forma events that are directly attributable to the acquisition. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the pro forma adjustments include a reduction in stock-based compensation costs to reflect expected amortization of assumed equity awards and a reduction in amortization expense to reflect the revaluation of certain technology assets. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the pro forma adjustments include a reduction in stock-based compensation expense to reflect expected amortization of assumed equity awards, non-recurring transaction costs, and a gain on bargain purchase.

The unaudited pro forma results do not reflect any operating efficiency or potential cost savings which may result from the integration of CarLotz. Accordingly, these unaudited pro forma results are presented for informational purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of what the actual results of operation of the combined company would have been if the acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 2021.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Revenue	$	282,594
Loss from operations	(81,919)
Net loss	$	(80,305)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(4.88)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted	16,472,676

14

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

4. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Property and equipment, net consists of the following (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
Equipment	$	3,841	$	4,545
Furniture and fixtures	332		1,278
Leasehold improvements	929		4,334
Total property and equipment	5,102		10,157
Less: accumulated depreciation	(3,090)		(3,360)
Property and equipment, net	$	2,012	$	6,797

Depreciation expense related to property and equipment was $0.5 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Depreciation expense related to reconditioning facilities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was less than $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Depreciation expense related to reconditioning facilities is included in cost of sales with the remainder included in depreciation and amortization in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

We classified $2.4 million and $0.2 million of gross property and equipment and accumulated depreciation, respectively, as held-for-sale at March 31, 2023. In addition, the Company recognized an impairment charge that was partly allocated to property and equipment. See Note 15 - Impairment, Restructuring and Discontinued Operations for additional information.

5. LEASES

The Company is a tenant under various operating and finance leases with third parties, including leases of office facilities, vehicle inspection, reconditioning locations, storage locations, and vehicle leases. The Company assesses whether each lease is an operating or finance lease at the lease commencement date.

The Company’s real estate leases often require it to make payments for maintenance in addition to rent as well as payments for real estate taxes, and insurance. Maintenance, real estate taxes, and insurance payments are generally variable costs which are based on actual expenses incurred by the lessor. Therefore, these amounts are generally not included in the consideration of the contract when determining the right-of-use asset and lease liability, but are reflected as variable lease expenses in the period incurred.

Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets and expense for these leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

As the rate implicit in the lease is generally not readily determinable for the Company’s operating leases, the discount rates used to determine the present value of the Company’s lease liabilities are based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date and commensurate with the remaining lease term. The incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the rate of interest the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term for an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.

The Company recognized a loss on impairment of operating lease right of use assets of $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. There was no loss on impairment of operating lease right of use assets for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

15

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The balance sheet classification of leases is as follows (in thousands):

	Balance Sheet Classification	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Operating leases	Operating lease assets	$	28,366	$	44,568
	Operating and finance lease assets, property and equipment, accounts receivable, and other assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	9,706		9,572
Finance leases	Finance lease assets, net	112		152
	Operating and finance lease assets, property and equipment, accounts receivable, and other assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	180		4,155
Total lease assets		$	38,364	$	58,447
Liabilities
Operating leases	Operating lease liabilities, current	$	5,490	$	8,865
	Operating and finance lease liabilities and other liabilities associated with assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	14,918		10,138
	Operating lease liabilities, non-current	27,245		44,985
Total operating lease liabilities		$	47,653	$	63,988
Finance leases	Finance lease liabilities, current	$	50	$	271
	Operating and finance lease liabilities and other liabilities associated with assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	2,824		5,036
	Finance lease liabilities, non-current	1,496		3,989
Total finance lease liabilities		$	4,370	$	9,296
Total lease liabilities		$	52,023	$	73,284

16

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company’s lease costs and activity were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022
Lease cost
Operating lease cost	$	9,241		$	2,162
Finance lease amortization	86			—
Finance lease interest	109			—
Short-term lease cost	168			832
Variable lease cost	455			185
Sublease income	(241)			—
Total lease cost	$	9,818		$	3,179
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities
Operating leases - Operating cash flows	$	3,746		$	1,925
Finance leases - Operating cash flows	$	731		$	—
Finance leases - Financing cash flows	$	180		$	—
Lease assets derecognized with the sale of lease liabilities
Operating leases	$	11,884		$	—
Finance leases	$	4,660		$	—
Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases (in years)	5.65			5.14
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases	8.53		%	7.30		%
Weighted average remaining lease term - finance leases (in years)	6.03			—
Weighted average discount rate - finance leases	11.10		%	—		%

Leases have remaining terms of 1 year to 13 years. There are no options that are reasonably certain to be exercised. Sublease income is derived from two subleases as of March 31, 2023

Operating and finance lease liabilities by maturity date from March 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

Year ended December 31,	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2023	$	9,198	$	592
2024	10,860		693
2025	9,456		708
2026	9,339		724
2027	9,353		680
Thereafter	13,935		4,091
Total minimum lease payments	$	62,141	$	7,488
Less: Imputed interest	14,488		3,118
Total lease liabilities	$	47,653	$	4,370

17

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2022, the Company guaranteed the lease obligation of two of its closed locations assigned to a third-party that operates a used vehicle dealership. The Company continues as guarantor of such lease obligations with maximum total payments of $4,669 and will continue as the guarantor of one of the leases through March 2031 and the other lease through September 2031. The Company would be required to perform under the guarantee if the third-party is in default. As of March 31, 2023, the Company does not anticipate any material defaults under the forgoing leases, and therefore, no liability has been accrued.

6. CAPITALIZED WEBSITE AND INTERNAL-USE SOFTWARE COSTS, NET

Capitalized website and internal use software costs, net consists of the following (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
Capitalized website domain costs – nonamortizable	$	385	$	385
Capitalized website and internal-use software development costs – amortizable	14,280		12,294
Less: accumulated amortization	(5,032)		(2,022)
Capitalized website and internal-use software development costs, net	$	9,633	$	10,657

Amortization of capitalized software development costs is included in depreciation and amortization in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Amortization of capitalized software development costs amounted to $3.2 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

As of March 31, 2023, the remaining weighted-average amortization period for internal-use capitalized software intangible assets was approximately 1.24 years.

The expected annual amortization expense to be recognized in future years as of March 31, 2023 consists of the following (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2023
2023	$	1,871
2024	2,488
2025	1,382
2026	58
Development in progress	3,449
Total amortizable costs	9,248
Nonamortizable costs	385
Total capitalized website and internal-use software development costs	$	9,633

The Company recognized an impairment charge that was partly allocated to internal-use capitalized software at December 31, 2022. See Note 15 - Impairment, Restructuring and Discontinued Operations for additional information.

7. GOODWILL

On May 11, 2022 the Company acquired the Marketplace Assets for consideration totaling $15.4 million (see Note 3 - Business Combinations). The purchase price was allocated to tangible assets of $0.2 million and intangible assets of $12.7 million based on their fair values on the acquisition date. Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired. The excess of the purchase price over the amounts allocated to assets acquired was recorded to Goodwill, in the amount of $2.5 million, which was included in the retail segment.

Goodwill is not amortized but is tested at least annually or more frequently when events or circumstances change that would, more likely than not, reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. The Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine if it is not more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit is less than its carrying amount.

18

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, there were no impairments or other changes in the carrying amount of goodwill. During the fourth fiscal quarter of 2022, management determined that indicators of impairment existed and performed a goodwill impairment test resulting in an impairment charge of $0.5 million. Management engaged third party valuation consultants to determine the fair value of the Retail segment (which also meets the definition of a reporting unit for goodwill impairment purposes). The fair value was determined using a market approach based on comparison to peer company valuation multiples.

8. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
Accrued payroll related costs	$	10,196	$	14,048
Provision for DMV refunds	1,089		1,080
Accrued sales taxes	212		3,957
Class A common stock subject to repurchase liability, current	34		44
Interest payable	2,742		960
Provision for sales returns and cancellations	3,146		4,304
Other accrued expenses	5,717		9,479
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	23,136	$	33,872

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we classified $0.3 million and $0.1 million of accrued expenses associated with a long-lived asset disposal group as held-for-sale. See Note 15 - Impairment, Restructuring and Discontinued Operations for further information.

19

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

9. BORROWINGS

Senior Unsecured Notes

On May 11, 2022, in connection with the Fair acquisition (see Note 3 - Business Combinations), the Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement (the “Note Purchase Agreement”) by and between the Company, each of the Company’s subsidiaries party thereto as guarantors (each, a “Guarantor” and, collectively, the “Guarantors”), and SB LL Holdco, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“SB LL Holdco”). Pursuant to the Note Purchase Agreement and the terms and conditions set forth therein, the Company agreed to issue and sell, and SB LL Holdco agreed to purchase, 6.00% Senior Unsecured Notes due May 11, 2025 with a principal amount of $20.0 million (the “Senior Unsecured Notes”) in a private placement in reliance on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).

The Senior Unsecured Notes bear interest at a rate of 6.00% per annum and will mature on May 11, 2025. The Company may, at its option, prepay the Senior Unsecured Notes in their entirety (i) if prior to November 11, 2024, at 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to (but excluding) such date and a premium specified therein, or (ii) if on or after November 11, 2024, at 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to (but excluding) such date. The Senior Unsecured Notes are senior unsecured indebtedness of the Company.

As of March 31, 2023, discounts and deferred borrowing costs related to the Senior Unsecured Notes totaled $1.9 million and $0.2 million, respectively, and are included as a reduction to long-term debt, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company had $0.3 million of contractual interest expense and $0.2 million of discount and deferred borrowing cost amortization, with both recorded to interest and other expense, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The estimated fair value of the Senior Unsecured Notes (Level 2) as of March 31, 2023 was $17.1 million.

Convertible Notes

On May 27, 2021, the Company completed a private offering of its 4.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (the “Notes”). The aggregate principal amount of the Notes sold in the offering was $150.0 million. The Notes are the Company’s senior unsecured obligations and will rank equally in right of payment with the Company’s future senior unsecured indebtedness, senior in right of payment to the Company’s future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated to the Notes and effectively subordinated to the Company’s future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness.

The Notes accrue interest payable semi-annually in arrears at a rate of 4.75% per year. The Notes will mature on May 15, 2026, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased by the Company.

The Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at an initial conversion rate of 11.8654 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes (which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $84.28 per share of the Company’s Class A common stock). The initial conversion price represents a premium of approximately 27.47% over the last reported sale price of the Company’s Class A common stock on May 24, 2021, which was $66.10 per share. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events prior to the maturity date. The Company will increase the conversion rate on a sliding scale to up to a maximum of 15.1284 per $1,000 principal amount for a holder who elects to convert its notes in connection with certain corporate events or the Company’s delivery of a notice of redemption, as the case may be, in certain circumstances.

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SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Noteholders may convert their Notes at their option only in the following circumstances:

1.during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2021, if the last reported sale price per share of our Class A common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for each of at least 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter;

2.during the 5 consecutive business days immediately after any 10 consecutive trading day period (such 10 consecutive trading day period, the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price per share of our Class A common stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on such trading day;

3.upon the occurrence of certain corporate events or distributions on our Class A common stock;

4.if we call such Notes for redemption; and

5.at any time from, and including, November 15, 2025 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date.

Conversions of the Notes will be settled in cash, shares of the Company's Class A common stock or a combination thereof, at the Company's election.

The Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part (subject to a partial redemption limitation), at the Company’s option at any time, and from time to time, on or after May 20, 2024 and on or before the 40th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date, but only if (i) the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class A common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (1) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice; and (2) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such notice; and (ii) a registration statement covering the resale of the shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, if any, issuable upon conversion of the Notes in connection with such optional redemption is effective and available for use and is expected, as of the date the redemption notice is sent, to remain effective and available during the period from, and including the date the redemption notice is sent to, and including, the business day immediately before the related redemption date, unless the Company elects cash settlement in respect of the conversions in connection with such optional redemption.

In addition, calling any Note for redemption will constitute a make-whole fundamental change with respect to that Note, in which case the conversion rate applicable to the conversion of that Note will be increased in certain circumstances if it is converted after it is called for redemption and on or prior to the business day immediately before the related redemption date. If the Company elects to redeem less than all of the outstanding Notes, at least $50.0 million aggregate principal amount of Notes must be outstanding and not subject to redemption as of the date the Company sends the related redemption notice.

Unamortized deferred borrowing costs at March 31, 2023 were $4.2 million, and are included as a reduction to long-term debt, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded $1.8 million of contractual interest expense and $0.3 million of deferred borrowing cost amortization, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded $2.1 million of contractual interest expense and $0.3 million, respectively, of deferred borrowing cost amortization. Contractual interest expense and deferred borrowing cost amortization was recorded to interest and other expense, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The effective interest rate of the Notes is 5.73%.

The estimated fair value of the Notes (Level 2) at March 31, 2023 was $15.3 million.

The Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the sale of the notes to pay the cost of the Capped Call Transactions (see Note 11 - Stockholders' Deficit), and is using the remaining proceeds for working capital and general corporate purposes.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Ally Flooring Line of Credit

On December 9, 2021, the Company entered into a $100.0 million flooring line of credit facility with Ally Bank to finance its used vehicle inventory (the “Ally FLOC”), which is secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets. Borrowings under the Ally FLOC bear interest at the Prime Rate (as defined in the agreement) plus 1.50%.

Under the Ally FLOC, repayment of amounts drawn for the purchase of a vehicle should generally be made as soon as practicable after selling or otherwise disposing of the vehicles. Outstanding balances related to vehicles held in inventory for more than 180 days require monthly principal payments equal to 10% of the original principal amount of that vehicle until the remaining outstanding balance is 50% (or less) of the original principal balance. Prepayments may be made without incurring a premium or penalty. Additionally, the Company is permitted to make prepayments to the lender to be held as principal payments and subsequently reborrow such amounts.

The Ally FLOC requires the Company to maintain unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of not less than 20% of the total credit line, and to maintain an additional restricted cash balance equal to 10% of the total credit line. Additionally, the Ally FLOC requires the company to maintain at least 10% equity in the Company’s total inventory balance. As of March 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all covenants related to the Ally FLOC.

Additionally, the Company is required to pay an availability fee each calendar quarter if the average outstanding balance for such quarter is less than 50% of the average total credit line for such quarter. The Company was required to pay an upfront commitment fee upon execution of the Ally FLOC.

Effective as of February 7, 2023 (the “Effective Date”), the Company amended the Ally FLOC to (i) join the CarLotz Borrowers as borrowers under the Ally FLOC and terminate the inventory financing arrangement between the CarLotz Borrowers and the Ally Parties that was entered into prior to the Company’s acquisition of CarLotz, (ii) reduce the maximum available credit line under the Ally FLOC from $100 million to $75 million and (iii) require the Borrowers to make monthly principal reduction payments for each vehicle subject to the floor plan for more than 150 days rather than 180 days. In addition, effective February 1, 2023, the First Amendment increases the per annum interest rate applicable to Advances (as defined in the Ally Facility) to be equal to the prime rate designated from time to time by Ally Bank plus 175 basis points (from 150 basis points).

As of March 31, 2023, the interest rate on borrowings outstanding under the Ally FLOC was 9.50%. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had an outstanding balance under the facility of $22.2 million and $52.8 million of unused capacity. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had an outstanding balance under the facility of $24.8 million and $75.2 million in unused capacity.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation

The Company may be subject to legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. Other than the matters discussed below, Management is not currently aware of any matters that will have a material effect on the financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of the Company.

Stifel matter

On May 7, 2021, we were named in a lawsuit filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Inc. v. Shift Technologies, Inc. 21-cv-04135) by a former financial advisor, Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Inc. (“Stifel”), claiming that we are required to pay the former financial advisor certain compensation as a result of the IAC Merger. In addition, the complaint seeks punitive damages as a result of alleged unjust enrichment for the amount of the benefits allegedly conferred on Shift by Stifel. On August 24, 2022, Stifel's suit was dismissed with prejudice. On September 16, 2022, Stifel filed a Notice of Appeal with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and formally filed its appeal with the Second Circuit on January 20, 2023. Shift filed its responsive pleading on April 20, 2023. Following the dismissal of Stifel's initial suit, the probable incurred losses related to the claim are immaterial as of March 31, 2023. Based on such information as is available to us, the range of additional reasonably possible losses related to the claim does not exceed $4.0 million, excluding any punitive damages which the Company cannot currently estimate. The Company believes the claim is without merit and intends to defend itself vigorously; however, there can be no assurances that the Company will be successful in its defense.

CarLotz stockholder matters

On November 4, 2022, a lawsuit entitled Derek Dorrien v. CarLotz, Inc. et al., Case No. 1:22-cv-09463, was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against CarLotz and the members of the CarLotz board of directors (the “Dorrien Action”). On November 4, 2022, a lawsuit entitled Sholom D. Keller v. CarLotz, Inc. et al., Case No. 2022-1006-NAC, was filed in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware against CarLotz and the members of the CarLotz board of directors (the “Keller Action” and together with the Dorrien Action, the “Actions”). The Dorrien Action alleges that the defendants violated Sections 14(a) (and Rule 14a-9 promulgated thereunder) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act by, among other things, omitting certain allegedly material information with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement (the “Transactions”) in the registration statement on Form S-4 (the “Registration Statement”) filed by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 26, 2022. The Keller Action alleges that the members of the CarLotz board of directors and Lev Peker, in his capacity as an officer of CarLotz, breached their fiduciary duties in connection with the Transactions. The Actions seek, among other things, injunctive relief, money damages and the costs of the Actions, including reasonable attorneys’ and experts’ fees. We believe that the plaintiffs’ allegations in the Actions are without merit; however, litigation is inherently uncertain and there can be no assurance that CarLotz’s or our defense of the action will be successful.

In addition, on October 3, 2022, a purported stockholder of CarLotz sent a demand to CarLotz and us regarding the Registration Statement (the “CarLotz Stockholder Demand”). The CarLotz Stockholder Demand alleges the Registration Statement omits material information with respect to the Transactions and demands that CarLotz, the CarLotz board of directors, and Shift provide corrective disclosures. Shift disagrees with and intends to vigorously defend against any claim, if asserted, arising from the CarLotz Stockholder Demand.

Delaware Section 205 Petition

On March 6, 2023, Shift filed a petition in the Delaware Court of Chancery under Section 205 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) to resolve potential uncertainty with respect to the Company’s share capital. Such uncertainty was introduced by a recent decision in Garfield v. Boxed, Inc., 2022 WL 17959766 (Del. Ch. Dec. 27, 2022) that potentially affects the Company and many other similarly situated companies that were formed and became publicly traded as a special purpose acquisition company (“SPAC”). Out of an abundance of caution, the Company elected to pursue the remedial actions described below. Concurrently with the filing of the Petition, the Company filed a motion to expedite the hearing on the Petition, which was subsequently granted on March 6, 2023.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

In October 2020, the Company, which was then a SPAC named Insurance Acquisition Corp. (“IAC”), held a special meeting of stockholders (the “IAC Special Meeting”) to approve certain matters relating to the merger between IAC and a privately held company then called Shift Technologies, Inc. One of these matters was a proposal to amend and restate IAC’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “SPAC Charter”) in order to, among other things, increase the number of authorized shares of Class A common stock from 50,000,000 to 500,000,000 (such proposal, the “Share Increase Proposal” and, together with such other amendments to the SPAC Charter, the “Charter Proposals”). At the IAC Special Meeting, the Charter Proposals were approved by a majority of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock and a majority of the outstanding shares of Class B common stock of IAC as of the record date for the IAC Special Meeting, voting together as a single class. After the IAC Special Meeting, IAC and Shift Technologies, Inc. closed the merger pursuant to which the Company became the parent of Shift Technologies, Inc. (now named Shift Platform, Inc.), and the Company’s certificate of incorporation, as amended to give effect to the Charter Proposals and to change the Company’s name to Shift Technologies, Inc., became effective.

The recent ruling by the Delaware Court of Chancery in the Boxed case introduced uncertainty as to whether Section 242(b)(2) of the DGCL would have required the Share Increase Proposal to be approved by the vote of the majority of IAC’s then-outstanding shares of Class A common stock, voting as a separate class. The Company had been operating with the understanding that the Charter Proposals were validly approved at the IAC Special Meeting. In light of this recent ruling, however, to resolve potential uncertainty with respect to the Company’s share capital, the Company filed a petition in the Delaware Court of Chancery under Section 205 of the DGCL to seek validation of the Charter Proposals. Section 205 of the DGCL permits the Court of Chancery, in its discretion, to ratify and validate potentially defective corporate acts.

On March 6, 2023, the Court of Chancery granted the motion to expedite and set a hearing date for the Petition to be heard. On March 17, 2023, the hearing took place and the Court of Chancery approved the Company’s request for relief. The Court of Chancery then entered an order under Section 205 of the DGCL on March 17, 2023, declaring (i) the increase in aggregate number of authorized shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001, of the Company from 50,000,000 to 500,000,000 under the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) and the Certificate of Incorporation, including the filing and effectiveness thereof, are validated and declared effective retroactive to the date of its filing with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on October 13, 2020 and (2) all shares of capital stock of the Company issued in reliance on the effectiveness of the Certificate of Incorporation are validated and declared effective as of the date and time of the original issuance of such shares.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

11. STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT

Nasdaq Deficiency Letter and Reverse Stock Split

On October 4, 2022, the Company received a deficiency letter from the Listing Qualifications Department (the “Staff”) of The Nasdaq Capital Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) notifying us that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, the bid price for our Class A common stock had closed below the $1.00 per share minimum bid price requirement for continued inclusion on the Nasdaq Global Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1) (the "Bid Price Requirement"). Under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A) (the "Compliance Period Rule"), we have a 180-calendar day grace period, or until April 3, 2023 (the “Compliance Date”), to regain compliance with the Bid Price Requirement. During this period, our Class A common stock will continue to trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market. If at any time before the Compliance Date the bid price of Class A common stock closes at or above $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days as required under the Compliance Period Rule, the Staff will provide written notification to the Company that it has regained compliance with the Bid Price Requirement (unless the Staff exercises its discretion to extend this 10 business day period pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(H)).

At the Company’s Special Meeting of Stockholders held on December 7, 2022, the Company’s stockholders approved a proposal to authorize a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock, at a ratio within the range of 1-for-5 to 1-for-10. The Board approved a 1-for-10 reverse split ratio, and on March 7, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Charter Amendment”) to effect the reverse split effective March 8, 2023. On March 22, 2023, the Company was notified by Nasdaq that the Company has regained compliance with the Bid Price Requirement.

Capped Call Transactions

On May 27, 2021, in connection with the issuance of the Notes (see Note 9 - Borrowings), the Company consummated privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “Capped Call Transactions”) with certain of the initial purchasers, their respective affiliates and other counterparties (the "Capped Call Counterparties"). The Capped Call Transactions initially cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the Notes, the number of the Company’s Class A common shares underlying the Notes. The Capped Call Transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to holders of the Company’s Class A common stock upon conversion of the Notes and/or offset the potential cash payments that the Company could be required to make in excess of the principal amount of any converted Notes upon conversion thereof, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap. The Capped Call Transactions are settled from time to time upon the conversion of the Notes, with a final expiration date of May 15, 2026. The Capped Call Transactions are settled in the same proportion of cash and stock as the converted Notes. The proportion of cash and stock used to settle the Notes is at the discretion of the Company.

The cap price of the Capped Call Transactions was initially approximately $148.725 per share, which represents a premium of approximately 125% above the last reported sale price per share of Class A common stock on Nasdaq on May 24, 2021, and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the Capped Call Transactions.

The Capped Call Transactions are separate transactions entered into by the Company with the Capped Call Counterparties, are not part of the terms of the Notes and will not change any holder’s rights under the Notes. Holders of the Notes will not have any rights with respect to the Capped Call Transactions.

The Company used approximately $28.4 million of the net proceeds from the offering of the Notes to pay the cost of the Capped Call Transactions. The Capped Call Transactions do not meet the criteria for separate accounting as a derivative as they are indexed to the Company's stock. The premiums paid for the Capped Call Transactions have been included as a net reduction to additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The settlement amount of the Capped Call Transactions at March 31, 2023 was zero. The settlement amount shall be greater than zero if the volume weighted average price ("VWAP") of the Company's Class A common stock is above $84.30 at any time over the 40 consecutive trading days immediately prior to settlement.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

At-the-Market Offering

On May 6, 2022, the Company entered into a Controlled Equity OfferingSM Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”), with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (the “Agent”), pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, at its option, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $150.0 million (the “Placement Shares”), through the Agent, as its sales agent, from time to time at prevailing market prices in an “at-the-market offering” within the meaning of Rule 415 of the Securities Act, including sales made to the public directly on or through The Nasdaq Capital Market and any other trading market for shares of our Class A common stock (the “Offering”). Due to the Company's change at December 31, 2022 to a non-accelerated filer, the amount that can be raised through an offering is limited by Nasdaq requirements.

Under the Sales Agreement, the Company may from time to time deliver placement notices to the Agent designating the number of Placement Shares and the minimum price per share thereof to be offered. However, subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement, the Agent is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of Placement Shares but will act as Agent using their commercially reasonable efforts consistent with their normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market. The Company or the Agent may suspend the offering of Placement Shares by notifying the other party. The Offering will terminate after the sale of all of the Placement Shares subject to the Sales Agreement, or sooner in accordance with the Sales Agreement, upon proper notice by us and/or the Agents or by mutual agreement. The Company will pay the Agent a commission of up to 3.0% of the gross sales price of the shares of the Placement Shares sold under the Sales Agreement.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had not sold any shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement. The Company's ability to raise capital under the ATM is currently constrained by restrictions on the Company's use of shelf registration statements.

CarLotz Warrants

As part of the CarLotz Merger, the Company assumed 718,342 public and 428,385 private warrants to purchase the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $163.06 related to CarLotz's prior merger with Acamar Partners.

Additionally, former CarLotz equity holders at the closing of CarLotz's previous merger are entitled to receive up to an additional 489,841 earnout shares. The earnout period expires on January 21, 2026 (the "Forfeiture Date") and the earnout shares will be issued if any of the following conditions are achieved:

i.If at any time prior to the Forfeiture Date, the closing trading price of the common stock is greater than $177.24 over any 20 trading days within any 30 trading day period (the “First Threshold”), the Company will issue 50% of the earnout shares.

ii.If at any time prior to the Forfeiture Date, the closing trading price of the common stock is greater than $212.69 over any 20 trading days within any 30 trading day period (the “Second Threshold”), the Company will issue 50% of the earnout shares.

iii.If either the First Threshold or the Second Threshold is not met on or before the Forfeiture Date, any unissued earnout shares are forfeited. All unissued earnout shares will be issued if there is a change of control of the Company that will result in the holders of the common stock receiving a per share price equal to or in excess of $141.80 (as equitably adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, special cash dividends, reorganizations, combinations, recapitalizations and similar transactions affecting the common stock) prior to the Forfeiture Date.

The liabilities associated with the warrants and earnout shares were immaterial as of March 31, 2023. There was not a material change in the fair value of the liabilities between the Merger Date and March 31, 2023.

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SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

12. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company currently is organized into two reportable segments: Retail and Wholesale. The Retail segment represents retail sales of used vehicles through the Company’s ecommerce platform and fees earned on sales of value-added products associated with those vehicles sales such as vehicle service contracts, guaranteed asset protection waiver coverage, prepaid maintenance plans, and appearance protection plans. The Wholesale segment represents sales of used vehicles through wholesale auctions or directly to a wholesaler (“DTW”).

No operating segments have been aggregated to form the reportable segments. The Company determined its operating segments based on how the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) reviews the Company’s operating results in assessing performance and allocating resources. The CODM is the Chief Executive Officer. The CODM reviews revenue and gross profit for each of the reportable segments. Gross profit is defined as revenue less cost of sales incurred by the segment. The CODM does not evaluate operating segments using asset information as these are managed on an enterprise-wide group basis. Accordingly, the Company does not report segment asset information. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have sales to customers outside the United States. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any assets located outside of the United States.

Information about the Company’s reportable segments are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Revenue from external customers
Retail	$	50,559	$	191,793
Wholesale	3,549		27,787
Consolidated	$	54,108	$	219,580
Segment gross profit (loss)
Retail	$	3,929	$	10,926
Wholesale	(765)		(138)
Consolidated	$	3,164	$	10,788

The reconciliation between reportable segment gross profit to loss before income taxes is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Segment gross profit	$	3,164	$	10,788
Selling, general and administrative expenses	(42,591)		(63,537)
Depreciation and amortization	(4,399)		(1,680)
Loss on impairment	(931)		—
Interest and other expense, net	(2,791)		(2,578)
Loss before income taxes	$	(47,548)	$	(57,007)

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

13. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

The Company’s 2014 Stock Option Plan (the “2014 Plan”) provides for the grant of restricted stock awards and incentive and non-qualified options and to purchase Class A common stock to officers, employees, directors, and consultants. Options granted to employees and non-employees generally vest ratably over four to five years, with a maximum contractual term of ten years. Outstanding awards under the 2014 Plan continue to be subject to the terms and conditions of the 2014 Plan. The number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2014 Plan was reduced to the number of shares subject to awards outstanding under the 2014 Plan immediately after the IAC Merger. As a result, no further awards will be made under the 2014 Plan. Shares reserved for awards that are subsequently expired or forfeited will no longer be returned to the pool of shares authorized for issuance under the 2014 Plan.

At the Company's special meeting of stockholders held on October 13, 2020, the stockholders approved the 2020 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan (the "2020 Plan"). The 2020 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and non-qualified stock option, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), restricted share awards, stock appreciation awards, and cash-based awards to employees, directors, and consultants of the Company. Awards under the 2020 Plan expire no more than ten years from the date of grant. The 2020 Plan became effective immediately upon the closing of the IAC Merger.

In June 2022, the Company's Compensation Committee adopted the 2022 Employment Inducement Plan and granted at total of 46,165 inducement RSU awards to form Fair employees joining the Company following the acquisition of the Marketplace Assets (see Note 3 - Business Combinations). The grants of restricted stock units were promised to each of the employees in their employment agreements or offer letters with the Company as a material inducement to employment in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4). All awards will vest subject to continued employment and vest on May 20, 2023.

In December 2022, the Company assumed various stock plans in connection with the CarLotz Merger (the "CarLotz Plans"). Outstanding awards under the CarLotz Plans continue to be subject to the terms and conditions of the CarLotz Plans. The number of shares authorized for issuance under the CarLotz Plans was reduced to the number of shares subject to awards outstanding under the CarLotz Plans immediately after the CarLotz Merger.

Activity related to employee and non-employee stock options for all plans is set forth below:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (000’s)
As of December 31, 2022	519,323	$	26.02	4.95	$	1
Granted	—	—
Exercised	—	—
Forfeited	(4,927)	31.99
Cancelled (expired)	(117,025)	70.05
As of March 31, 2023	397,371	$	12.98	5.95	$	—
Exercisable as of March 31, 2023	393,867	$	12.84	5.94	$	—

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Activity related to employee and non-employee RSU awards is set forth below:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (000’s)
Unvested as of December 31, 2022	486,054	$	29.30	1.01	$	724
Granted	123,688	2.16
Vested	(35,796)	37.70
Forfeited	(89,298)	20.69
Unvested as of March 31, 2023	484,648	$	23.27	0.81	$	543
Vested and unreleased	22,673
Outstanding as of March 31, 2023	507,321

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense to selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss of $1.2 million and $4.2 million, respectively. In addition, the Company capitalized stock-based compensation costs for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 of $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, to capitalized website and internal use software costs, net.

As of March 31, 2023, there was $9.0 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.21 years.

14. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Sales to Related Parties

The Company operated a one-sided marketplace (“OSM”) program whereby the Company acquired cars from various sources in Oxnard, California and sold them directly and solely to Lithia. The Company invoiced Lithia based on the purchase price of the car plus an agreed upon margin. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized zero and $4.7 million, respectively, of sales from the OSM agreement with Lithia. The OSM program was terminated in the second quarter of 2022 with the last sale to Lithia taking place in March 2022.

Accounts Receivable from Related Party

In September 2018, the Company entered into a warrant agreement (the “Warrant Agreement”) and a commercial agreement for Milestone 1 with Lithia and granted Lithia a warrant to purchase 8,666,154 shares of Legacy Shift common stock at an exercise price of $0.10 per share (the “Warrant Shares”). The Warrant Shares were scheduled to vest and become exercisable in six separate tranches of 1,444,359 shares each. Vesting and exercisability was dependent upon the achievement of the Milestones, as defined below. While the Warrant Agreement establishes general vesting terms for each of the six Milestones, each of the six Milestones contains substantive service or performance requirements, and were non-binding as neither the Company nor Lithia were obligated to perform until the commercial agreement associated with each Milestone was executed. All Warrant Shares became vested prior to the Vesting Termination Date and were exercised prior to the IAC Merger.

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SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

In connection with the negotiations related to Milestone 5, Lithia facilitated an agreement with Automotive Warranty Services (“AWS”) to sell and market AWS’s service plans, whereby the Company receives commission rates from AWS of comparable terms to those received by Lithia. In substance the Company paid Lithia, in the form of Warrant Shares, to make an upfront payment to Company’s customers on behalf of the Company as the Company achieved favorable pricing from AWS. The benefits of this agreement were guaranteed by Lithia for an initial term of five years commencing on the signing date of the agreement. Such arrangement was the first of a number of agreements to be entered into under the terms of Milestone 5 (see further discussion below). The estimated fair value of the in substance upfront payment to AWS was $2.8 million with an offsetting entry recorded to additional paid-in capital, representing a capital transaction with a related party.

Milestone 5 was met in October 2019 and the Company recorded the warrants to additional paid-in capital based on a fair value of $4.3 million. Milestone 5 was achieved after a mutual signed agreement was entered into evidencing that Lithia provided commercially best efforts to help the Company secure and maintain access to four finance and insurance products on par with a typical Lithia store. The fair value of the in substance upfront payment, other than the $2.8 million for AWS discussed above, was $0.4 million and was recorded to other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The combined asset recorded of $3.2 million is subject to amortization over a five-year period expected period of benefit. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 the Company amortized $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively of the asset as a reduction to finance and insurance sales, which is recorded within other revenue, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the remaining asset, net of amortization, was zero and $0.6 million, respectively.

In February 2023, the contract obtained pursuant to Milestone 5 was terminated, and the remaining $0.5 million of the Milestone 5 asset was expensed to selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Accounts Payable Due to Related Party

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 payables and accruals to Lithia consisted of other miscellaneous expenses of $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

15. IMPAIRMENT, RESTRUCTURING AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

During the fourth fiscal quarter of 2022, management identified indicators of impairment, including declines in our market capitalization, rising interest rates, and other unfavorable macroeconomic and industry factors, and performed a test for recoverability for each of the Company's pre-CarLotz Merger asset groups. Assets acquired as part of the CarLotz Merger were recorded at fair value on the acquisition date (see Note 3 - Business Combinations). Asset groups consisted of one asset group containing all operating assets and liabilities of the Company (the "Operating Asset Group"), and separate assets groups each containing a single closed facility that is subleased or held for sublease (the "Sublease Asset Groups"). The Operating Asset Group and certain Sublease Asset Groups were determined not to be recoverable, and as such management determined the fair value of these asset groups. The Operating Asset Group was valued with the assistance of third-party valuation specialists using a market approach based on comparison to peer company valuation multiples. The Sublease Asset Groups were valued using the income approach based on discounted estimated cash flows from subleasing the properties.

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SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The Operating Asset Group and one of the Sublease Asset Groups were determined to have carrying values in excess of their fair values. As such, the Company measured a loss on impairment equal to the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of each impaired asset group. The loss on impairment was allocated to the assets within each respective asset group, except that no individual asset was reduced below its individual fair value. Within the Operating Asset Group, the fair value of individual assets was determined with the assistance of third party valuation specialists. Right of use assets were valued using the market approach, based on comparison to similar leased properties. Capitalized internal use software was valued using the relief-from-royalty approach, which involves the estimation of an amount of hypothetical royalty savings enjoyed by the entity that owns an intangible asset because that entity is relieved from having to license that intangible asset from another owner. Property and equipment was valued using the cost approach based on secondary market values of similar assets. Within the impaired Sublease Asset Group, the fair value of the impaired right of use asset was determined using the income approach based on discounted estimated cash flows from subleasing the properties.

The Company recognized a loss on impairment of long-lived assets related to various Sublease Asset Groups of $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. There was no loss on impairment of long lived assets for the three months ended March 31, 2022. All impaired asset groups were contained in the Retail segment.

Facility Closures and Reduction in Force

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company reduced its total headcount by approximately 42% as a result of continued efforts to improve overhead efficiency and elimination of redundancies resulting from the CarLotz Merger. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the reduction in force resulted in total new cash charges of approximately $0.9 million, consisting primarily of severance and related personnel reduction costs included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. In addition, the Company closed its facility in Downers Grove, Illinois and the former CarLotz headquarters facility in Richmond, Virginia.

Restructuring Plan

On July 22, 2022, the Company's Board approved the implementation of the Restructuring Plan designed to position the Company for long-term profitable growth by prioritizing unit economics, reducing operating expenses and maximizing liquidity. As part of the Restructuring Plan, the Company consolidated Shift’s physical operations to three West Coast locations in Los Angeles, Oakland, and Portland, closing seven existing facilities. The Company also restructured its workforce around the reduced physical footprint, eliminating approximately 650 positions or 60% of its workforce. The restructuring was substantially complete as of September 30, 2022. There were no restructuring charges recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The following table is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending severance liability for the three months ended March 31, 2023 related to the Restructuring Plan:

Balance at December 31, 2022	$	794
Accruals and accrual adjustments	—
Cash payments	(161)
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	633

Commutation of Reinsurance Contracts

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company commuted all reinsurance contracts issued by the Company's Orange Peel Protection Reinsurance, Ltd. subsidiary. The commutation resulted in transfer of the Company's reinsurance-related assets and liabilities to the counterparty, in exchange for net cash consideration of $0.2 million. In connection with the commutation, the Company recognized a loss on disposal of $0.1 million included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

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SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

In connection with the acquisition of CarLotz, the Company acquired several real estate leaseholds. A plan of sale related to several of these real estate leases as well as certain assets and liabilities of the Orange Grove Fleet Solutions, LLC ("Orange Grove") subsidiary was adopted in December 2022. Orange Grove and three retail locations sold during the three months ended March 31, 2023 were determined to meet the criteria for classification as discontinued operations. The discontinued operations are included in the Retail and Wholesale segments. The impact on net loss of these leases and subsidiaries held for sale was immaterial for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Additional leasehold and related assets were classified as held for sale during the three months ended March 31, 2023. None of the assets and liabilities initially classified as held for sale during the three months ended March 31, 2023 met the criteria to be classified as discontinued operations. The Company recognized a loss on disposal of $3.1 million in connection with assets classified as held for sale during three months ended March 31, 2023. The loss on disposal was recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

On February 2, 2023, the Company entered into and closed on an Asset Purchase Agreement with a private dealership group, pursuant to which the counterparty agreed to purchase the inventory and the lease-related assets and liabilities of the three retail locations for net cash consideration of $0.4 million.

The following table presents the loss associated with the sale, presented in the results of our discontinued operations below, in thousands:

Gross purchase price	$	434
Net assets sold	(820)
Loss on disposal	$	(386)

The carrying value of the net assets classified as discontinued operations sold during the period were as follows, in thousands:

Assets
Inventory	$	606
Security deposits	57
Property, plant, and equipment	306
Operating lease assets	1,577
Total assets	$	2,546
Liabilities
Operating lease liabilities	$	1,726
Total liabilities	$	1,726
Net assets sold	$	820

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SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table presents components making up the balance sheets line item consisting of the carrying amount of assets and liabilities classified as held for sale and the aggregate amounts of the classes of assets and liabilities of the facilities and entities classified as discontinued operations, in thousands:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Held for sale:
Operating lease assets	$	7,813	$	5,634
Finance lease assets, net	—		3,960
Total held for sale assets	7,813		9,594
Discontinued Operations:
Accounts receivable, net	460		689
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	217		226
Property and equipment, net	2,186		2,584
Operating lease assets	1,893		3,938
Finance lease assets, net	180		195
Total discontinued operations assets	4,936		7,632
Total held for sale and discontinued operations assets	$	12,749	$	17,226
Liabilities
Held for sale:
Operating lease liabilities	$	13,018	$	6,016
Finance lease liabilities	2,641		4,843
Total held for sale liabilities	15,659		10,859
Discontinued Operations:
Accounts payable	65		70
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	272		131
Operating lease liabilities	1,900		4,122
Finance lease liabilities	183		193
Other non-current liabilities	80		87
Total discontinued operations liabilities	2,500		4,603
Total held for sale and discontinued operations liabilities	$	18,159	$	15,462

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SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table presents information regarding certain components of loss from discontinued operations:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Retail revenue, net	$	2,123
Other revenue, net	270
Wholesale vehicle revenue	1,190
Total revenue	3,584
Cost of sales	3,210
Gross profit	374
Selling, general and administrative expenses	459
Loss on disposal	386
Depreciation and amortization	20
Total Operating Expenses	865
Loss from operations	(491)
Interest and other expense, net	(3)
Loss from discontinued operations	$	(494)

Transaction costs related to the sale were immaterial for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The following table presents non-cash items related to discontinued operations, in thousands:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Depreciation and amortization	$	20

16. INCOME TAXES

The Company recorded a provision for income taxes of $0.1 million and $41 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company continues to maintain a full valuation allowance for its net U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets.

17. NET LOSS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of net loss per share, basic and diluted:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	2023		2022
Net loss	$	(48,097)	$	(57,048)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted	16,920,600		8,182,525
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(2.84)	$	(6.97)

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SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The following potentially dilutive shares were not included in the calculation of diluted shares outstanding for the periods presented as the effect would have been anti-dilutive:

	As of March 31,
	2023	2022
Escrow Shares	300,010	300,010
Public and private warrants	1,146,727	—
Earnout Shares	489,841	—
Convertible Notes	1,779,834	1,779,834
Stock options	397,371	156,302
Restricted stock units	507,321	748,162
Contingently repurchasable early exercise shares	813	4,800
Total	4,621,917	2,989,108

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SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

18. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and determined that there have been no events that have occurred that would require adjustments to our disclosures in the condensed consolidated financial statements, except for the following:

Review of Strategic Alternatives

On May 11, 2023, we announced that our Board of Directors is exploring and evaluating strategic alternatives to enhance stockholder value, which may include (but may not be limited to) exploring a potential sale of certain operating businesses, third party investment or partnership opportunities and/or funding alternatives for our marketplace business, or the continued execution of our business plans. There is no set timetable for completion of the evaluation process, and we do not intend to provide updates or make any comments regarding the evaluation of strategic alternatives, unless our Board of Directors has approved a specific transaction or otherwise deems disclosure appropriate.

There can be no assurance that any such transaction will be pursued or consummated. We may also incur substantial costs in connection with the pursuit of strategic alternatives which are not ultimately consummated. Also, there are risks inherent with the consummation of any such transaction, such as the risks that the expected enhancement of shareholder value may not be realized, that unexpected liabilities may result from such transaction and that the process of consummating or the effects of consummating such a transaction may cause interruption or slow down the operations of our existing or continuing businesses.

Convertible Notes

On May 16, 2023, the Company announced that it is utilizing the contractual 30-day grace period with respect to the interest payment due on May 15, 2023 on its convertible notes. The Company and its advisors plan to communicate with debt holders to explore restructuring options.

Nasdaq Market Capitalization Deficiency Letter

On April 19, 2023, Nasdaq staff (the "Staff") notified the Company that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, the Company’s Market Value of Listed Securities ("MVLS") was below the minimum of $35 million required for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(2) (the “Market Value Standard”). The Company has a period of 180 calendar days from the date of the notice, or until October 16, 2023 (the “Compliance Date”), to regain compliance with the Market Value Standard. During this period, Class A common stock will continue to trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market. If at any time before the Compliance Date the Company’s MVLS closes at or above $35 million for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days as required under the Market Value Standard, the Staff will notify the Company it has regained compliance and the matter will be closed. If the Company does not regain compliance with the Market Value Standard by the Compliance Date, the Staff will provide a written notification to the Company that Class A common stock will be subject to delisting. At that time, the Company may appeal the Staff’s delisting determination to a Hearings Panel (the “Panel”). However, there can be no assurance that, if the Company receives a delisting notice and appeals the delisting determination by the Staff to the Panel, such appeal would be successful. The Company intends to monitor its MVLS between now and the Compliance Date, and may, if appropriate, evaluate available options to resolve the deficiency under the Market Value Standard and regain compliance with the Market Value Standard.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following management’s discussion and analysis together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. This discussion contains forward-looking statements about Shift’s business, operations and industry that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements regarding Shift’s plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. Shift’s future results and financial condition may differ materially from those currently anticipated by Shift as a result of the factors described in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Throughout this section, unless otherwise noted “we”, “us”, “our” and the “Company” refer to Shift and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Overview

Shift is a consumer-centric omnichannel retailer transforming the used car industry by leveraging its end-to-end ecommerce platform and retail locations to provide a technology-driven, hassle-free customer experience.

Launched in 2014, Shift started as a pure ecommerce seller and buyer of used cars, aimed at transforming the customer experience within the industry. Since inception, Shift has invested significantly into its technology platform to create an exceptional customer experience and to support and leverage the internal operations of the Company.

On October 13, 2020, Insurance Acquisition Corp. (“IAC”), an entity listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the trade symbol “INSU”, acquired Shift Platform, Inc., formerly known as Shift Technologies, Inc. (“Legacy Shift”), by the merger of IAC Merger Sub, Inc., a direct wholly owned subsidiary of IAC, with and into Legacy Shift, with Legacy Shift continuing as the surviving entity and a wholly owned subsidiary of IAC (the “IAC Merger”). The public company resulting from the merger was renamed Shift Technologies, Inc.

In August 2022, Shift announced both a strategic and operational restructuring and a merger with CarLotz (the "CarLotz Merger"), a consignment-to-retail used vehicle marketplace that operated a technology-enabled buying, sourcing, and selling model with an omnichannel experience. With the implementation of the restructuring and the close of the merger, Shift evolved into an omnichannel experience and established a plan to position the Company for long-term profitable growth by prioritizing unit economics, reducing operating expenses and maximizing liquidity.

The Company has three markets in California and Oregon, where customers can test drive vehicles and work with sales associates during any point of the sale process. Each market has Shift-managed reconditioning centers to prepare each vehicle for sale using a 150+ point inspection process. In-house reconditioning provides better control of timing and greater efficiency within our operations. In addition to performing the 150+ point inspection, we offer customers a seven-day, 200-mile return policy, to ensure consumer confidence in their purchase from Shift.

Recent Events

Review of Strategic Alternatives

On May 11, 2023, we announced that our Board of Directors is exploring and evaluating strategic alternatives to enhance stockholder value, which may include (but may not be limited to) exploring a potential sale of certain operating businesses, third party investment or partnership opportunities and/or funding alternatives for our marketplace business, or the continued execution of our business plans. There is no set timetable for completion of the evaluation process, and we do not intend to provide updates or make any comments regarding the evaluation of strategic alternatives, unless our Board of Directors has approved a specific transaction or otherwise deems disclosure appropriate.

There can be no assurance that any such transaction will be pursued or consummated. We may also incur substantial costs in connection with the pursuit of strategic alternatives which are not ultimately consummated. Also, there are risks inherent with the consummation of any such transaction, such as the risks that the expected enhancement of shareholder value may not be realized, that unexpected liabilities may result from such transaction and that the process of consummating or the effects of consummating such a transaction may cause interruption or slow down the operations of our existing or continuing businesses.

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Convertible Notes

On May 16, 2023, the Company announced that it is utilizing the contractual 30-day grace period with respect to the interest payment due on May 15, 2023 on its convertible notes. The Company and its advisors plan to communicate with debt holders to explore restructuring options.

Nasdaq Market Capitalization Deficiency Letter

On April 19, 2023, Nasdaq staff (the "Staff") notified the Company that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, the Company’s Market Value of Listed Securities ("MVLS") was below the minimum of $35 million required for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(2) (the “Market Value Standard”). The Company has a period of 180 calendar days from the date of the notice, or until October 16, 2023 (the “Compliance Date”), to regain compliance with the Market Value Standard. During this period, Class A common stock will continue to trade on The Nasdaq Capital Market. If at any time before the Compliance Date the Company’s MVLS closes at or above $35 million for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days as required under the Market Value Standard, the Staff will notify the Company it has regained compliance and the matter will be closed. If the Company does not regain compliance with the Market Value Standard by the Compliance Date, the Staff will provide a written notification to the Company that Class A common stock will be subject to delisting. At that time, the Company may appeal the Staff’s delisting determination to a Hearings Panel (the “Panel”). However, there can be no assurance that, if the Company receives a delisting notice and appeals the delisting determination by the Staff to the Panel, such appeal would be successful. The Company intends to monitor its MVLS between now and the Compliance Date, and may, if appropriate, evaluate available options to resolve the deficiency under the Market Value Standard and regain compliance with the Market Value Standard.

Nasdaq Deficiency Letter and Reverse Stock Split

On October 4, 2022, we received a deficiency letter from the Listing Qualifications Department (the “Staff”) of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) notifying us that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, the bid price for our Class A common stock had closed below the $1.00 per share minimum bid price requirement for continued inclusion on The Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1) (the "Bid Price Requirement"). Under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A) (the "Compliance Period Rule"), we have a 180-calendar day grace period, or until April 3, 2023 (the “Compliance Date”), to regain compliance with the Bid Price Requirement. During this period, our Class A common stock will continue to trade on The Nasdaq Capital Market. If at any time before the Compliance Date the bid price of Class A common stock closes at or above $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days as required under the Compliance Period Rule, the Staff will provide written notification to the Company that it has regained compliance with the Bid Price Requirement (unless the Staff exercises its discretion to extend this 10 business day period pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(H)).

At the Company’s Special Meeting of Stockholders held on December 7, 2022, the Company’s stockholders approved a proposal to authorize a reverse stock split of the Company’s Class A common stock, at a ratio within the range of 1-for-5 to 1-for-10. The Board approved a 1-for-10 reverse split ratio, and on March 7, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Charter Amendment”) to effect the reverse split effective March 8, 2023. On March 22, 2023, the Company was notified by Nasdaq that the Company has regained compliance with the Bid Price Requirement.

CarLotz Merger

The Company closed its acquisition of CarLotz, Inc. in December 2022. At the date of this filing, the Company has closed all former CarLotz locations except those serving our current major markets. The workforce of the combined company has also been reduced in accordance with our smaller geographic footprint and to eliminate redundancies arising from the CarLotz Merger.

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Business Description

Shift is an omnichannel retailer buying and selling used cars, operating an end-to-end ecommerce platform and three markets located in California and Oregon. Each market provides vehicle inventory inspection, reconditioning and storage to prepare cars for sale. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company had $54.1 million in revenue, a decrease of 75% compared to $219.6 million of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Shift's focus on improving unit economics is driven by direct vehicle acquisition channels, optimized inventory mix and ancillary product offerings, combined with streamlined inventory onboarding, controlled fulfillment costs, and centralized software. Shift’s differentiated consumer sourcing strategy offers a wide variety of vehicles across the entire spectrum of model, price, age, and mileage to ensure that Shift has the right car for buyers regardless of interest, need, budget, or credit. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, Shift sourced 79% of its inventory from consumer-sellers and partners driving improved margins and customer acquisition cost. Our data-driven vehicle evaluations help ensure acquisition of the right inventory at the right price to reduce days to sale. We believe that a differentiated ability to purchase vehicles directly from consumer-sellers provides Shift with access to a deep pool of scarce, highly desirable inventory. Over time, we intend to expand our machine learning-enabled recommendation engine to better help customers find the cars best suited to them.

Shift offers a full suite of options to consumers to finance and protect their vehicle through our mobile point-of-sale solution or in our locations. These products include vehicle service contracts, guaranteed asset protection, and tire coverage.

Since inception, Shift has invested significantly in its technology to provide a highly-rated customer experience, to support the operations of the business, and to allow the Company to scale over time. Our ecommerce platform has significant functionality that includes discover and search functionality for potential car buyers, the ability to connect customers to various lending partners for financing and service products, online prequalification form that filters inventory that meets their budget and financing requirements, ability to prequalify for financing, and the ability to get an instant online quote for car sellers. We will continue to develop our technology to improve the overall operations of the business and especially the customer experience.

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Revenue Model

Shift’s two-sided model generates value from both the purchase and sale of vehicles along with financing and vehicle protection products. We acquire cars directly from consumers, partners, and other sources and sell vehicles to consumers at one of our markets, directly, through our ecommerce platform in a seamless end-to-end process, or through a combination of online and in-person. This model captures value from the difference in the price at which the car is acquired and sold, as well as through fees on the sale of ancillary products such as financing and vehicle protection products, also referred to as finance and insurance (“F&I”), and services. If a car that we purchase does not meet our standards for retail sale, we generate revenue by selling through wholesale channels. These vehicles are primarily acquired from customers who trade-in their existing vehicles in connection with a purchase from us. Our revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $54.1 million and $219.6 million, respectively.

Inventory Sourcing

We source the majority of our vehicles directly from consumers and partners who use the Shift platform to resell trade-in and other vehicles. These channels provide scarce and desirable local inventory of used cars of greater quality than those typically found at auction. In addition to those primary channels, we supplement our vehicle acquisitions with purchases from auto auctions, as well as some vehicles sourced locally through the trade-in program of an original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”).

Proprietary machine learning-enabled software inputs vast quantities of data across both the supply and demand sides to optimize our vehicle acquisition strategy. As we accumulate data, we expect to improve the performance of our model to optimize our vehicle selection and disposal.

Vehicle Reconditioning

All of the cars that Shift sells undergo a rigorous 150+ point mechanical inspection and reconditioning process in one of our markets (or at a third-party partner when additional capacity is needed) to help ensure that they are safe, reliable, up to cosmetic standards, and comfortable. We have created two classifications of inventory for reconditioning — Value and Certified — to optimize the level of reconditioning for each vehicle classification. This allows us to efficiently provide each customer with the greatest value through a tailored reconditioning approach. Value cars are typically sold at a lower price point and are sought after by consumers who have different expectations and tolerances for cosmetic reconditioning standards — therefore, we focus on mechanical and safety issues for these vehicles, with less emphasis on cosmetic repair, in order to optimize reconditioning costs. This operational flexibility in our reconditioning process improves our ability to grow profitably and is a primary factor in our decision to conduct reconditioning in-house.

Financing and Vehicle Protection Products

We generate revenue by earning no obligation referral fees for selling ancillary products to customers that purchase vehicles through the Shift platform. Since we earn fees for the F&I products we sell, our gross profit on these items is equal to the revenue we generate. Our current offering consists of financing from third-party lenders, guaranteed asset protection (“GAP”), vehicle protection plans and vehicle service contracts. We plan to offer additional third-party products to provide a wider product offering to customers and expect these products to contribute to reaching our revenue and profitability targets.

Shift Marketplace

We are developing an online marketplace that will enable third party dealers to reach customers through our marketplace platform, making a wide selection of used vehicles available to customers online. The Company currently anticipates that the online marketplace will launch in the third quarter of 2023.

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Factors Affecting our Business Performance

Various trends and other factors have affected and may continue to affect our business, financial condition and operating results, including:

Market Penetration Within Our Existing Markets

We believe that there remains an opportunity to capture additional market share within our existing markets.

Technology Platform

We are constantly investing in our technology platform to improve both customer experience and our business performance. We regularly implement changes to our software to help customers find the right car for them, while the machine learning component of our inventory and pricing model ensures we get the right cars at the right price. As our algorithms evolve, we are able to better monetize our inventory of vehicles through improved pricing. Simultaneously, customers become more likely to purchase a car on our website, driving higher demand and sales volume.

Reconditioning Processes

We learned early on from our experience in the used car sales business that in order to be a reliable used car resource with desirable inventory for all customer types, we needed to control our own reconditioning processes. Our reconditioning program has constantly improved over the course of our history, and we are happy with what we have achieved. Each unit of our inventory is reconditioned with a focus on safety first, while optimizing for repairs that will have the highest return on investment (“ROI”).

Other Revenue from Existing Revenue Streams

We have prioritized development of our “other revenue” streams, which comprise the financing and vehicle protection products as well as other ancillary products. We have invested in the technology and sales capabilities needed to increase the likelihood that consumers will purchase ancillary products in connection with the sale of a vehicle, and we see more opportunity for additional revenue within our existing channels from further expansion of our attach rates for our financing and vehicle protection product suite.

Other Revenue from Expansion of Product Offerings

We see an opportunity to further expand our other revenue streams through additional product offerings beyond the existing offerings on our platform. These incremental revenue streams will come in the form of on-boarding new lending partners to our existing loan program, as well as introducing entirely new financing and vehicle protection products to offer our customers. We intend to continue to grow this business segment to service every addressable need of our customers during the vehicle purchase process.

Seasonality

We expect our quarterly results of operations, including our revenue, gross profit, profitability, if any, and cash flow to vary significantly in the future, based in part on, among other things, consumers’ car buying patterns. We have typically experienced higher revenue growth rates in the second and third quarters of the calendar year than in each of the first or fourth quarters of the calendar year. We believe these results are due to seasonal buying patterns driven in part by the timing of income tax refunds, which we believe are an important source of car buyer down payments on used vehicle purchases. We recognize that in the future, our revenues may be affected by these seasonal trends (including any disruptions to normal seasonal trends arising from the COVID-19 pandemic), as well as cyclical trends affecting the overall economy, and specifically the automotive retail industry.

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Key Operating Metrics

We regularly review a number of metrics, including the following key metrics, to evaluate our business, measure our progress and make strategic decisions. Our key operating metrics measure the key drivers of our performance, increasing our brand awareness through unique site visitors and continuing to offer a full spectrum of used vehicles to service all types of customers.

Retail Units Sold

We define retail units sold as the number of vehicles sold to customers in a given period, net of returns. We currently have a seven-day, 200 mile return policy. The number of retail units sold is the primary driver of our revenues and, indirectly, gross profit, since retail unit sales enable multiple complementary revenue streams, including all financing and protection products. We view retail units sold as a key measure of our growth, as growth in this metric is an indicator of our ability to successfully scale our operations while maintaining product integrity and customer satisfaction.

Wholesale Units Sold

We define wholesale units sold as the number of vehicles sold through wholesale channels in a given period. While wholesale units are not the primary driver of revenue or gross profit, wholesale is a valuable channel as it allows us to be able to purchase vehicles regardless of condition, which is important for the purpose of accepting a trade-in from a customer making a vehicle purchase from us, and as an online destination for consumers to sell their cars even if not selling us a car that meets our retail standards.

Retail Average Sale Price

We define retail average sale price (“ASP”) as the average price paid by a customer for a retail vehicle, calculated as retail revenue divided by retail units. Retail average sale price helps us gauge market demand in real-time and allows us to maintain a range of inventory that most accurately reflects the overall price spectrum of used vehicle sales in the market. We believe this metric provides transparency and is comparable to our peers.

Wholesale Average Sale Price

We define wholesale average sale price as the average price paid by a customer for a wholesale vehicle, calculated as wholesale revenue divided by wholesale units. We believe this metric provides transparency and is comparable to our peers.

Gross Profit per Unit

We define gross profit per unit as the gross profit for retail, other, and wholesale, each of which is divided by the total number of retail units sold in the period. We calculate gross profit as the revenue from vehicle sales and services less the costs associated with acquiring and reconditioning the vehicle prior to sale. Gross profit per unit is primarily driven by retail vehicle revenue, which generates additional revenue through attachment of our financing and protection products, and gross profit generated from wholesale vehicle sales. We present gross profit per unit from our three revenues streams as Retail gross profit per unit, Wholesale gross profit per unit and Other gross profit per unit.

Average Monthly Unique Visitors

We define a monthly unique visitor as an individual who has visited our website within a calendar month, based on data collected on our website. We calculate average monthly unique visitors as the sum of monthly unique visitors in a given period, divided by the number of months in that period. To classify whether a visitor is “unique”, we dedupe (a technique for eliminating duplicate copies of repeating data) each visitor based on email address and phone number, if available, and if not, we use the anonymous ID which lives in each user’s internet cookies. This practice ensures that we do not double-count individuals who visit our website multiple times within any given month. We view average monthly unique visitors as a key indicator of the strength of our brand, the effectiveness of our advertising and merchandising campaigns and consumer awareness.

Average Days to Sale

We define average days to sale as the number of days between Shift’s acquisition of a vehicle and sale of that vehicle to a customer, averaged across all retail units sold in a period. We view average days to sale as a useful metric in understanding the health of our inventory.

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Retail Vehicles Available for Sale

We define retail vehicles available for sale as the number of retail vehicles in inventory on the last day of a given reporting period. Until we reach an optimal pooled inventory level, we view retail vehicles available for sale as a key measure of our growth. Growth in retail vehicles available for sale increases the selection of vehicles available to consumers, which we believe will allow us to increase the number of vehicles we sell. Moreover, growth in retail vehicles available for sale is an indicator of our ability to scale our vehicle purchasing, inspection and reconditioning operations.

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Results of Operations

The following table presents our revenue, gross profit, and unit sales information by channel for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022		Change
	($ in thousands, except per unit metrics)
Revenue:
Retail vehicle revenue, net	$	48,907	$	183,081	(73.3)	%
Other revenue, net	1,652		8,712		(81.0)	%
Wholesale vehicle revenue	3,549		27,787		(87.2)	%
Total revenue	$	54,108	$	219,580	(75.4)	%
Cost of sales:
Retail vehicle cost of sales	$	46,630	$	180,867	(74.2)	%
Wholesale vehicle cost of sales	4,314		27,925		(84.6)	%
Total cost of sales	$	50,944	$	208,792	(75.6)	%
Gross profit:
Retail vehicle gross profit	$	2,277	$	2,214	2.8	%
Other gross profit	1,652		8,712		(81.0)	%
Wholesale vehicle gross loss	(765)		(138)		454.3	%
Total gross profit	$	3,164	$	10,788	(70.7)	%
Unit sales information:
Retail vehicle unit sales	2,292		6,714		(65.9)	%
Wholesale vehicle unit sales	252		1,975		(87.2)	%
Average selling prices per unit (“ASP”):
Retail vehicles	$	21,338	$	27,269	(21.7)	%
Wholesale vehicles	$	14,083	$	14,069	0.1	%
Gross profit per unit:
Retail gross profit per unit	$	993	$	330	200.9	%
Other gross profit per unit	721		1,298		(44.5)	%
Wholesale gross loss per unit	(334)		(21)		1,490.5	%
Total gross profit per unit	$	1,380	$	1,607	(14.1)	%
Non-financial metrics
Average monthly unique visitors	543,911		822,856		(33.9)	%
Average days to sale	78		56		39.3	%
Retail vehicles available for sale	1,650		5,464		(69.8)	%

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We present operating results down to gross profit from three distinct revenue channels:

Retail Vehicles, Net: The retail channel within our Retail segment represents sales of used vehicles directly to our customers through our website.

Other, Net: The other channel within our Retail segment represents fees earned on sales of value-added products associated with the sale of retail vehicles.

Wholesale Vehicles: The Wholesale channel is the only component of our Wholesale segment and represents sales of used vehicles through wholesale auctions.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

Retail Vehicle Revenue, Net

Retail vehicle revenue decreased by $134.2 million, or 73.3%, to $48.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, from $183.1 million in the comparable period in 2022. The decrease in retail vehicle revenue was partly due to a decrease in retail ASP, which was $21,338 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $27,269 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. This decrease in retail ASP was primarily a reflection of a return to a more traditional seasonality in the used vehicle market (as market supply increased) combined with a shift in our product mix towards older "value" vehicles compared to the prior period.

This decrease was also partly due to a decrease in retail unit sales, as we sold 2,292 retail vehicles in the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to 6,714 retail vehicles in the three months ended March 31, 2022. The decrease in unit sales was associated with the closure in 2022 of inventory storage and reconditioning centers in California, Washington, and Texas and the associated reduction in inventory available for sale.

Following 2022's shift in strategy, retail revenue and unit sales are expected to stabilize during the remainder of 2023.

Other Revenue, Net

Other revenue decreased by $7.1 million, or 81.0%, to $1.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, from $8.7 million in the comparable period in 2022. This decrease was primarily due to the decrease in unit sales as we sold 2,292 total vehicles in the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to 6,714 total vehicles in the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Wholesale Vehicle Revenue

Wholesale vehicle revenue decreased by $24.2 million, or 87.2%, to $3.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, from $27.8 million in the comparable period in 2022. This decrease in wholesale vehicle revenue was primarily due to a 87.2% decrease in wholesale vehicle unit sales to 252 during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to 1,975 wholesale vehicles sold in the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales decreased by $157.8 million, or 75.6%, to $50.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, from $208.8 million in the comparable period in 2022. The decrease was primarily due to decreased total unit sales as we sold 2,544 total vehicles in the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to 8,689 total vehicles in the three months ended March 31, 2022.

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Retail Vehicle Gross Profit

Retail vehicle gross profit increased by $0.1 million, or 2.8%, to $2.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, from $2.2 million in the comparable period in 2022. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in retail gross profit per unit, which grew to $993 per unit for the three months ended March 31, 2023, from $330 per unit in the comparable period in 2022. This was due to higher margins driven by improved inventory aging compared to the same period last year. Retail GPU for the comparable period in 2022 was abnormally low due to the sell-through of inventory acquired during periods of abnormally high used vehicle pricing.

Other Gross Profit

Other gross profit decreased by $7.1 million, or 81.0%, to $1.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, from $8.7 million in the comparable period in 2022. The decrease in other gross profit was partly due to the decrease in other gross profit per unit to $721 during the three months ended March 31, 2023, from $1,298 per unit in the comparable period in 2022. Other revenue consists of 100% gross margin products for which gross profit equals revenue. Therefore, changes in other gross profit and the associated drivers are identical to changes in other revenue and the associated drivers.

Wholesale Vehicle Gross Loss

Wholesale vehicle gross loss increased by $0.6 million, or 454.3%, to $0.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, from a loss of $0.1 million in the comparable period in 2022. The increase was primarily due to the increase in wholesale gross loss per unit, which grew to $334 per unit for the three months ended March 31, 2023, from a loss of $21 in the comparable period in 2022. The increase was primarily due to the liquidation of vehicles through the Wholesale channel as we continue to adjust to a smaller geographic footprint the higher cost of sales on a per unit basis than the same period in 2022.

Components of SG&A

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022			Change
	($ in thousands)
Compensation and benefits	$	14,634		$	30,514		(52.0)	%
as a % of revenue	27.0		%	13.9		%
Marketing expenses	4,530			11,909			(62.0)	%
as a % of revenue	8.4		%	5.4		%
Other costs(1)	23,427			21,114			11.0	%
as a % of revenue	43.3		%	9.6		%
Total selling, general and administrative expenses	$	42,591		$	63,537		(33.0)	%
as a % of revenue	78.7		%	28.9		%

____________

(1)Other costs include all other selling, general and administrative expenses such as facility operating costs, vehicle shipping costs for internal purposes, corporate occupancy, professional services, registration and licensing, and IT expenses, and M&A transaction costs.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $20.9 million, or 33.0%, to $42.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, from $63.5 million in the comparable period in 2022. The decrease was partly due to the decrease in compensation costs of $15.9 million, driven by the decrease in average headcount to 459 from 1,299. The decrease was also partly due to a decrease in marketing expense of $7.4 million, as marketing spend was adjusted to fit our smaller geographic footprint. Lastly, other costs increased by $2.3 million primarily due to costs related to closing facilities and integrating Carlotz, partly offset by reduced selling and logistics costs.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased as a percentage of revenue from 28.9% to 78.7% as the Company committed to exiting locations and reducing its real estate presence to the West coast after the CarLotz merger. The increase as a percentage of revenue is caused by the fact that revenue from a location decreases quickly when it is closed, whereas occupancy and other costs continue to be incurred as the facility is wound down.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of liquidity

Our main source of liquidity is cash generated from financing activities. Cash generated from financing activities through March 31, 2023 primarily includes proceeds from the IAC Merger and PIPE financing completed in October 2020, issuance of convertible notes and senior unsecured notes, and proceeds from the Flooring Line of Credit facility with Ally (the "Ally FLOC"). Refer to Note 9 - Borrowings and Note 14 - Related Party Transactions of the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information. In addition, we obtained $95.7 million in cash from the CarLotz Merger (see Note 3 - Business Combinations of the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information).

On May 27, 2021, the Company completed a private offering of its 4.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (the “Notes”). The aggregate principal amount of the Notes sold in the offering was $150.0 million. The Notes accrue interest payable semi-annually in arrears at a rate of 4.75% per year. The Notes will mature on May 15, 2026, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased by the Company. See Note 9 - Borrowings in the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional details regarding the Notes. The Company used approximately $28.4 million of the net proceeds from the sale of the Notes to pay the cost of the Capped Call Transactions (see Note 11 - Stockholders' Deficit of the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements”), and is using the remaining proceeds for working capital and general corporate purposes. On May 16, 2023, the Company announced that it is utilizing the contractual 30-day grace period with respect to the interest payment due on May 15, 2023 on the Notes. The Company and its advisors plan to communicate with debt holders to explore restructuring options.

On May 11, 2022, in conjunction with the acquisition of Fair (see Note 3 - Business Combinations of the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements”), the Company entered into an agreement with SB LL Holdco, Inc. ("SB LL Holdco") to a sale of $20.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.00% Senior Unsecured Notes due May 11, 2025 ("Senior Unsecured Notes").

Since inception, the Company has generated recurring losses which has resulted in an accumulated deficit of $660.9 million as of March 31, 2023. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company had negative operating cash flows of $36.3 million. In the future, we may attempt to raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities or through equity-linked or debt financing arrangements. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity or equity-linked securities, the ownership of our existing stockholders will be diluted. If we raise additional financing by incurring indebtedness, we will be subject to increased fixed payment obligations and could also be subject to restrictive covenants, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional debt, and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability to conduct our business. Any future indebtedness we incur may result in terms that could be unfavorable to equity investors.

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Liquidity and Management's Plan

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company generated negative cash flows from operations of approximately $36.3 million and $98.4 million, respectively, and generated net losses of approximately $48.1 million and $57.0 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $58.8 million and total working capital of $40.8 million. Since inception, the Company has had negative cash flows and losses from operations which it has funded primarily through issuances of common and preferred stock and through a reverse recapitalization via the IAC Merger in October 2020. The Company has historically funded vehicle inventory purchases through its vehicle floorplan facilities (see Note 9 - Borrowings to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements). The Company's current floorplan facility expires on December 9, 2023. The Company also continually assesses other opportunities to raise debt or equity capital.

The Company's plan is to raise capital to provide the liquidity necessary to satisfy its obligations over the next twelve months, and to secure a new or amended floorplan financing arrangement to provide continuity when the current floorplan expires. The Company may also pursue other strategic alternatives. The Company's ability to raise capital may be constrained by the price of and demand for the Company's Class A common stock. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to raise sufficient additional capital or obtain financing that will provide it with sufficient liquidity to satisfy its obligations over the next twelve months.

The Company continues to focus its strategy on improving unit economics and reducing selling, general, and administrative expenses and seeks to achieve these goals by eliminating less profitable fulfillment channels, consolidating operations into fewer physical locations, and reducing headcount accordingly. See Note 15 - Impairment, Restructuring and Discontinued Operations to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40), the Company has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. Management determined as a result of this evaluation, the Company’s losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception, combined with its current cash, working capital position, and expiration of the current floorplan financing arrangement on December 9, 2023, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis that assumes the Company will continue as a going concern which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course of business. Accordingly, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

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Debt obligations

See Note 9 - Borrowings of the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for information regarding the Company’s debt obligations.

Cash Flows — Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	($ in thousands)
Cash Flow Data:
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash used in operating activities	$	(36,314)	$	(98,370)
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash used in investing activities	(945)		(3,772)
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(2,866)		14,584

Operating Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash used in operating activities was $36.3 million, a decrease of $62.1 million from net cash used in operating activities of $98.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The change is primarily due to a decrease in net loss of $9.0 million and an increase in cash provided by net sales of inventory of $44.1 million.

Investing Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash used in investing activities of $0.9 million was primarily driven by capitalization of website and internal-use software costs of $2.0 million, offset by proceeds from the sale of marketable securities of $0.8 million.

Financing Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash used in financing activities was $2.9 million, primarily due to net repayments on the Flooring Line of Credit of $2.7 million.

Contractual Obligations

The Company has various operating leases of real estate and equipment. See Note 5 - Leases to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the nature and timing of cash obligations due under these leases.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We are a party to an off-balance sheet arrangement, as the Company guaranteed the lease obligation of two closed locations assigned to a third-party (see Note 5 - Leases to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information). We are not a party to any other off-balance sheet arrangements, including guarantee contracts, retained or contingent interests, certain derivative instruments and variable interest entities that either have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

See Part II, Item 7, "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates since our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 except as described in Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements under the heading "Recently Adopted Accounting Standards."

Available Information

Our website is www.shift.com. The Company files annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC under the Exchange Act. The Company makes available, free of charge, on its website its annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The Company's reports filed with, or furnished to, the SEC are also available on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.

In addition, we have posted on our website the charters for our (i) Audit Committee and (ii) Leadership Development, Compensation and Governance Committee, as well as our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct and Corporate Governance Guidelines. We will provide a copy of these documents without charge to stockholders upon written request to Investor Relations, Shift Technologies, Inc., 290 Division Street, Fourth Floor San Francisco, California 94103-4234. Our website and information included in or linked to our website are not part of this Form 10-Q.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not applicable to Smaller Reporting Companies.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

1. Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (the "Disclosure Controls") within the meaning of Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Our Disclosure Controls are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act, such as this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Our Disclosure Controls are also designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our Disclosure Controls, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily applied its judgment in evaluating and implementing possible controls and procedures.

As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our Disclosure Controls, which was done under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer. Based on the evaluation of our Disclosure Controls, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of March 31, 2023, our Disclosure Controls were not effective due to material weaknesses in the Company's internal control over financial reporting as disclosed below.

2. Material Weaknesses

As previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, we identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. The first material weakness relates to lack of a process to demonstrate commitment to attracting, developing, and retaining competent individuals in alignment with objectives. This material weakness impacted the effectiveness of our control environment and our entity level controls. It resulted in the Company not maintaining a complement of personnel with an appropriate level of accounting knowledge, experience and training in the application of U.S. GAAP commensurate with its financial reporting requirements and the complexity of the Company’s operations and transactions. The second material weakness relates to insufficient selection and development of Information Technology General Controls ("ITGCs") to support the achievement of objectives.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. These material weaknesses could result in a misstatement of account balances or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim consolidated financial statements that may not be detected.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements or prevent or detect all error and fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions, and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

3. Plan to Remediate Material Weaknesses

The Company is devoting significant time, attention, and resources to remediating the above material weaknesses. The Company has executed or continues to execute the following steps intended to remediate the material weaknesses described above and strengthen our internal control:

•The Company hired experienced finance and accounting executives in the positions of Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer, Corporate Controller, Director of SEC Reporting, and Director of Information Technology.

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•The Company continues to train and develop experienced accounting personnel with a level of accounting knowledge and experience in the application of U.S. GAAP commensurate with our financial reporting requirements and the complexity of our operations and transactions.

•The Company has engaged external specialists as needed to provide assistance in accounting for significant, non-routine or complex transactions.

•The Company engaged external consultants to assist the Company in designing, implementing, and monitoring an appropriate system of internal control, including ITGCs.

•The Company is executing several initiatives to strengthen our ITGC environment, including but not limited to:

◦Implementing additional training to ensure a clear understanding of risk assessment, controls and monitoring activities related to automated processes and systems and ITGCs related to financial reporting;

◦Implementing improved IT policies, procedures and control activities for key systems which impact our financial reporting; and

◦Dedicating an appropriate amount of resources to monitoring ITGCs related to financial reporting, including a sufficient complement of personnel with the appropriate level of knowledge, experience and training to ensure compliance with policies and procedures.

The Company has made significant progress in addressing the previously identified material weaknesses, and the results of management’s testing indicate that the Company’s control environment has improved since the material weaknesses were first identified. However, remediation efforts in the second half of 2022 were negatively impacted by factors including employee turnover in relevant roles and changes in business processes resulting from restructuring activities, as well as the business acquisitions completed during the period. As a result, management was unable to conclude that the material weaknesses were fully remediated as of March 31, 2023. The material weaknesses will not be considered fully remediated until we have concluded, through testing, that applicable controls have been designed and operating effectively for a sufficient period of time.

We plan to continue to devote significant time and attention to remediate the above material weaknesses as soon as reasonably practicable. As we continue to evaluate our controls, we will make the changes described above as well as any others determined to be needed to enhance our control environment and remediate the material weaknesses. We believe these actions will be sufficient to remediate the identified material weaknesses and strengthen our internal control over financial reporting; however, there can be no guarantee that such remediation will be sufficient. We will continue to evaluate the effectiveness of our controls and will make any further changes management determines appropriate.

4. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Except as described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II - Other Information

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company may be subject to legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. Other than the matters discussed below, Management is not currently aware of any matters that will have a material effect on the financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of the Company.

Stifel matter

On May 7, 2021, we were named in a lawsuit filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Inc. v. Shift Technologies, Inc. 21-cv-04135) by a former financial advisor, Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Inc. (“Stifel”), claiming that we are required to pay the former financial advisor certain compensation as a result of the IAC Merger. In addition, the complaint seeks punitive damages as a result of alleged unjust enrichment for the amount of the benefits allegedly conferred on Shift by Stifel. On August 24, 2022, Stifel's suit was dismissed with prejudice. On September 16, 2022, Stifel filed a Notice of Appeal with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and formally filed its appeal with the Second Circuit on January 20, 2023. Shift filed its responsive pleading on April 20, 2023. Following the dismissal of Stifel's initial suit, the probable incurred losses related to the claim are immaterial as of March 31, 2023. Based on such information as is available to us, the range of additional reasonably possible losses related to the claim does not exceed $4.0 million, excluding any punitive damages which the Company cannot currently estimate. The Company believes the claim is without merit and intends to defend itself vigorously; however, there can be no assurances that the Company will be successful in its defense.

CarLotz stockholder matters

On November 4, 2022, a lawsuit entitled Derek Dorrien v. CarLotz, Inc. et al., Case No. 1:22-cv-09463, was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against CarLotz and the members of the CarLotz board of directors (the “Dorrien Action”). On November 4, 2022, a lawsuit entitled Sholom D. Keller v. CarLotz, Inc. et al., Case No. 2022-1006-NAC, was filed in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware against CarLotz and the members of the CarLotz board of directors (the “Keller Action” and together with the Dorrien Action, the “Actions”). The Dorrien Action alleges that the defendants violated Sections 14(a) (and Rule 14a-9 promulgated thereunder) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act by, among other things, omitting certain allegedly material information with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement (the “Transactions”) in the registration statement on Form S-4 (the “Registration Statement”) filed by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 26, 2022. The Keller Action alleges that the members of the CarLotz board of directors and Lev Peker, in his capacity as an officer of CarLotz, breached their fiduciary duties in connection with the Transactions. The Actions seek, among other things, injunctive relief, money damages and the costs of the Actions, including reasonable attorneys’ and experts’ fees. We believe that the plaintiffs’ allegations in the Actions are without merit; however, litigation is inherently uncertain and there can be no assurance that CarLotz’s or our defense of the action will be successful.

In addition, on October 3, 2022, a purported stockholder of CarLotz sent a demand to CarLotz and us regarding the Registration Statement (the “CarLotz Stockholder Demand”). The CarLotz Stockholder Demand alleges the Registration Statement omits material information with respect to the Transactions and demands that CarLotz, the CarLotz board of directors, and Shift provide corrective disclosures. Shift disagrees with and intends to vigorously defend against any claim, if asserted, arising from the CarLotz Stockholder Demand.

Delaware Section 205 Petition

On March 6, 2023, Shift filed a petition in the Delaware Court of Chancery under Section 205 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) to resolve potential uncertainty with respect to the Company’s share capital. Such uncertainty was introduced by a recent decision in Garfield v. Boxed, Inc., 2022 WL 17959766 (Del. Ch. Dec. 27, 2022) that potentially affects the Company and many other similarly situated companies that were formed and became publicly traded as a special purpose acquisition company (“SPAC”). Out of an abundance of caution, the Company elected to pursue the remedial actions described below. Concurrently with the filing of the Petition, the Company filed a motion to expedite the hearing on the Petition, which was subsequently granted on March 6, 2023.

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In October 2020, the Company, which was then a SPAC named Insurance Acquisition Corp. (“IAC”), held a special meeting of stockholders (the “IAC Special Meeting”) to approve certain matters relating to the merger between IAC and a privately held company then called Shift Technologies, Inc. One of these matters was a proposal to amend and restate IAC’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “SPAC Charter”) in order to, among other things, increase the number of authorized shares of Class A common stock from 50,000,000 to 500,000,000 (such proposal, the “Share Increase Proposal” and, together with such other amendments to the SPAC Charter, the “Charter Proposals”). At the IAC Special Meeting, the Charter Proposals were approved by a majority of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock and a majority of the outstanding shares of Class B common stock of IAC as of the record date for the IAC Special Meeting, voting together as a single class. After the IAC Special Meeting, IAC and Shift Technologies, Inc. closed the merger pursuant to which the Company became the parent of Shift Technologies, Inc. (now named Shift Platform, Inc.), and the Company’s certificate of incorporation, as amended to give effect to the Charter Proposals and to change the Company’s name to Shift Technologies, Inc., became effective.

The recent ruling by the Delaware Court of Chancery in the Boxed case introduced uncertainty as to whether Section 242(b)(2) of the DGCL would have required the Share Increase Proposal to be approved by the vote of the majority of IAC’s then-outstanding shares of Class A common stock, voting as a separate class. The Company had been operating with the understanding that the Charter Proposals were validly approved at the IAC Special Meeting. In light of this recent ruling, however, to resolve potential uncertainty with respect to the Company’s share capital, the Company filed a petition in the Delaware Court of Chancery under Section 205 of the DGCL to seek validation of the Charter Proposals. Section 205 of the DGCL permits the Court of Chancery, in its discretion, to ratify and validate potentially defective corporate acts.

On March 6, 2023, the Court of Chancery granted the motion to expedite and set a hearing date for the Petition to be heard. On March 17, 2023, the hearing took place and the Court of Chancery approved the Company’s request for relief. The Court of Chancery then entered an order under Section 205 of the DGCL on March 17, 2023, declaring (i) the increase in aggregate number of authorized shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001, of the Company from 50,000,000 to 500,000,000 under the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) and the Certificate of Incorporation, including the filing and effectiveness thereof, are validated and declared effective retroactive to the date of its filing with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on October 13, 2020 and (2) all shares of capital stock of the Company issued in reliance on the effectiveness of the Certificate of Incorporation are validated and declared effective as of the date and time of the original issuance of such shares.

54

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to the risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, except as follows:

There are uncertainties introduced by our announcement of our exploration and evaluation of strategic alternatives to enhance stockholder value.

On May 11, 2023, we announced that our Board of Directors is exploring and evaluating strategic alternatives to enhance stockholder value, which may include (but may not be limited to) exploring a potential sale of certain operating businesses, third party investment or partnership opportunities and/or funding alternatives for our marketplace business, or the continued execution of our business plans. There is no set timetable for completion of the evaluation process, and we do not intend to provide updates or make any comments regarding the evaluation of strategic alternatives, unless our Board of Directors has approved a specific transaction or otherwise deems disclosure appropriate.

There can be no assurance that any such transaction will be pursued or consummated. We may also incur substantial costs in connection with the pursuit of strategic alternatives which are not ultimately consummated. Also, there are risks inherent with the consummation of any such transaction, such as the risks that the expected enhancement of shareholder value may not be realized, that unexpected liabilities may result from such transaction and that the process of consummating or the effects of consummating such a transaction may cause interruption or slow down the operations of our existing or continuing businesses.

Our level of indebtedness could have a material adverse effect on our ability to generate sufficient cash to fulfill our obligations under such indebtedness, to react to changes in our business and to incur additional indebtedness to fund future needs.

As of March 31, 2023, we had outstanding $150.0 million in principal amount under our Senior Convertible Notes (the “Notes”) which mature on May 15, 2026, as well as $20.0 million in principal amount under Senior Unsecured Notes due May 11, 2025. Additionally, we had $22.2 million aggregate principal amount of borrowings under our Flooring Line of Credit with Ally Bank (as defined in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources”) as of March 31, 2023, which expires on December 9, 2023 (the "Ally FLOC"). Our interest expense resulting from indebtedness outstanding from time to time during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $3.2 million.

If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, or to sell assets, seek additional capital, or restructure or refinance our indebtedness or utilize any available grace period with respect to interest payments. Our ability to restructure, refinance or replace our current or future debt will depend on the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. Any refinancing or replacement of our existing debt could be at higher interest rates and may require it to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations. The terms of existing or future debt instruments may restrict us from adopting some of these alternatives. Any failure to make payments of interest and principal on our outstanding indebtedness on a timely basis or failure to comply with certain restrictions in its debt instruments, including the maintenance of certain liquidity requirements that further restrict its cash usage, would result in a default under its debt instruments. In the event of a default under any of our current or future debt instruments, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under such debt instruments to be due and payable. Furthermore, our flooring line of credit is secured by substantially all of our assets and contains customary restrictive covenants which, among other things, restrict our ability to dispose of assets and/or use the proceeds from the disposition. We may not be able to consummate any such dispositions or to obtain the proceeds that it could realize from them and these proceeds may not be adequate to meet any debt service obligations then due.

In addition, our indebtedness under our flooring line of credit bears interest at variable rates. Because we have variable rate debt, fluctuations in interest rates may affect its cash flows or business, financial condition and results of operations. We may attempt to minimize interest rate risk and lower our overall borrowing costs through the utilization of derivative financial instruments, primarily interest rate swaps.

55

Further, the indenture for our Notes permits a 30-day grace period for the nonpayment of interest before such nonpayment constitutes an event of default. We have notified the holders of our Senior Convertible Notes of our intent to utilize this grace period with respect to the interest payment due on May 15, 2023. If we are unable to pay such interest payment by the expiration of such grace period and such default in payment is not waived in accordance with the terms of the indenture, then the trustee for the Senior Convertible Notes or the holders of at least 25% of the aggregate principal amount of Senior Convertible Notes may declare the principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the Senior Convertible Notes then outstanding to become due and payable immediately.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.	Description
3.1	Certificate of Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Shift Technologies, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 8, 2023).
10.1	Amendment to Inventory Financing and Security Agreement, dated as of February 7, 2023, by and among Shift Technologies, Inc., CarLotz, Inc., a Delaware corporation, CarLotz Group, Inc., CarLotz, Inc., an Illinois corporation, CarLotz California, LLC, Shift Operations LLC, Ally Bank and Ally Financial Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 10, 2023).
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
99.1	Amendment to Financial Results Reported via Press Release on May 11, 2023
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

†	Schedules and similar attachments have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. Shift agrees to furnish a supplemental copy of any omitted schedule or attachment to the SEC upon request.
*	Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

/s/ Oded Shein

Oded Shein

Chief Financial Officer

May 17, 2023

56

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Jeff Clementz, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Shift Technologies, Inc;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

c) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Jeff Clementz

Jeff Clementz

Chief Executive Officer

May 17, 2023

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Oded Shein, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Shift Technologies, Inc;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

c) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Oded Shein

Oded Shein

Chief Financial Officer

May 17, 2023

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

(18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350)

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Shift Technologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), Jeff Clementz, Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. § 1350), that to his or her knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Jeff Clementz

Jeff Clementz

Chief Executive Officer

May 17, 2023

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

(18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350)

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Shift Technologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), Oded Shein, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. § 1350), that to his or her knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Oded Shein

Oded Shein

Chief Financial Officer

May 17, 2023

EX-99.1

Exhibit 99.1

Explanatory Note

The Company announced its financial results for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2023 via press release on May 11, 2023 (the “Earnings Release”). Subsequent to the Earnings Release but prior to the filing of its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “10-Q”), the Company identified certain amounts that are properly classified as loss from discontinued operations on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and related adjustments to the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, and corrected these items in the 10-Q.

This document serves to update the financial results presented in the Earnings Release to include the corrections made in the 10-Q, including the corrections to the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, key operating metrics, and the reconciliations of non-GAAP metrics to the most comparable GAAP measures. There were no changes to the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

About Shift

Shift is a consumer-centric omnichannel retailer transforming the used car industry by leveraging its end-to-end ecommerce platform and retail locations to provide a technology-driven, hassle-free customer experience. Shift’s mission is to make car purchase and ownership simple — to make buying or selling a used car fun, fair, and accessible to everyone. Shift provides comprehensive, digital solutions throughout the car ownership lifecycle: finding the right car, a seamless digitally-driven purchase transaction including financing and vehicle protection products, an efficient, digital trade-in/sale transaction, and a vision to provide high-value support services during car ownership. For more information, visit www.shift.com. The contents of our website are not incorporated into this press release.

Key Operating Metrics

Retail Units Sold

We define retail units sold as the number of vehicles sold to customers in a given period, net of returns. We currently have a seven-day, 200 mile return policy. The number of retail units sold is the primary driver of our revenues and, indirectly, gross profit, since retail unit sales enable multiple complementary revenue streams, including all financing and protection products. We view retail units sold as a key measure of our growth, as growth in this metric is an indicator of our ability to successfully scale our operations while maintaining product integrity and customer satisfaction.

Wholesale Units Sold

We define wholesale units sold as the number of vehicles sold through wholesale channels in a given period. While wholesale units are not the primary driver of revenue or gross profit, wholesale is a valuable channel as it allows us to be able to purchase vehicles regardless of condition, which is important for the purpose of accepting a trade-in from a customer making a vehicle purchase from us, and as an online destination for consumers to sell their cars even if not selling us a car that meets our retail standards.

Retail Average Sale Price

We define retail average sale price (“ASP”) as the average price paid by a customer for an retail vehicle, calculated as retail revenue divided by retail units. Retail average sale price helps us gauge market demand in real-time and allows us to maintain a range of inventory that most accurately reflects the overall price spectrum of used vehicle sales in the market. We believe this metric provides transparency and is comparable to our peers.

Wholesale Average Sale Price

We define wholesale average sale price as the average price paid by a customer for a wholesale vehicle, calculated as wholesale revenue divided by wholesale units. We believe this metric provides transparency and is comparable to our peers.

1

Gross Profit per Unit

We define gross profit per unit as the gross profit for retail, other, and wholesale, each of which divided by the total number of retail units sold in the period. We calculate gross profit as the revenue from vehicle sales and services less the costs associated with acquiring and reconditioning the vehicle prior to sale. Gross profit per unit is primarily driven by retail vehicle revenue, which generates additional revenue through attachment of our financing and protection products, and gross profit generated from wholesale vehicle sales. We present gross profit per unit from our three revenues streams as Retail gross profit per unit, Wholesale gross profit per unit and Other gross profit per unit.

Average Monthly Unique Visitors

We define a monthly unique visitor as an individual who has visited our website within a calendar month, based on data collected on our website. We calculate average monthly unique visitors as the sum of monthly unique visitors in a given period, divided by the number of months in that period. To classify whether a visitor is “unique”, we dedupe (a technique for eliminating duplicate copies of repeating data) each visitor based on email address and phone number, if available, and if not, we use the anonymous ID which lives in each user’s internet cookies. This practice ensures that we do not double-count individuals who visit our website multiple times within any given month. We view average monthly unique visitors as a key indicator of the strength of our brand, the effectiveness of our advertising and merchandising campaigns and consumer awareness.

Average Days to Sale

We define average days to sale as the number of days between Shift’s acquisition of a vehicle and sale of that vehicle to a customer, averaged across all retail units sold in a period. We view average days to sale as a useful metric in understanding the health of our inventory.

Retail Vehicles Available for Sale

We define retail vehicles available for sale as the number of retail vehicles in inventory on the last day of a given reporting period. Until we reach an optimal pooled inventory level, we view retail vehicles available for sale as a key measure of our growth. Growth in retail vehicles available for sale increases the selection of vehicles available to consumers, which we believe will allow us to increase the number of vehicles we sell. Moreover, growth in retail vehicles available for sale is an indicator of our ability to scale our vehicle purchasing, inspection and reconditioning operations.

Explanation Of Non-GAAP Measures

In addition to our GAAP results, we review certain non-GAAP financial measures to help us evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, establish budgets, measure the effectiveness of investments in our technology and sales and marketing, and assess our operational efficiencies. These non-GAAP measures include Adjusted Gross Profit, Adjusted gross profit per unit (“Adjusted GPU”), and Adjusted EBITDA, each of which is discussed below.

These non-GAAP financial measures are not intended to be considered in isolation from, as substitutes for, or as superior to, the corresponding financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. You are encouraged to evaluate these adjustments, and review the reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to their most comparable GAAP measures, and the reasons we consider them appropriate. It is important to note that the particular items we exclude from, or include in, our non-GAAP financial measures may differ from the items excluded from, or included in, similar non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies. See “Reconciliation of gross profit to Adjusted Gross Profit,” “Reconciliation of gross profit per unit to Adjusted gross profit per unit” and “Reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA” included as part of this release.

Adjusted Gross Profit

Management evaluates our business based on an adjusted gross profit calculation that removes the financial impact associated with milestones achieved under our Lithia warrant arrangement and depreciation related to reconditioning facilities that is included in cost of sales. These items resulted in reductions in gross profit in our consolidated financial statements as applicable to the periods presented. These are non-cash adjustments, and we do not expect any material future non-cash gross profit adjustments related to the Lithia warrant agreement. We also excluded non-recurring losses incurred to liquidate inventories as part of the Project Focus Restructuring Plan. We examine adjusted gross profit in aggregate as well as for each of our revenue streams: retail, other, and wholesale.

2

Adjusted Gross Profit per Unit

We define adjusted gross profit per unit (“Adjusted GPU”) as the adjusted gross profit for retail, other and wholesale, each of which divided by the total number of retail units sold in the period. Adjusted GPU is driven by retail vehicle revenue, which generates additional revenue through attachment of our financing and protection products, and gross profit generated from wholesale vehicle sales. We present Adjusted GPU from our three revenues streams, as Retail Adjusted GPU, Wholesale Adjusted GPU and Other Adjusted GPU. We believe Adjusted GPU is a key measure of our growth and long-term profitability.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin

We define Adjusted EBITDA as net loss adjusted to exclude stock-based compensation expense, depreciation and amortization, net interest income or expense, impact of warrant remeasurement, warrant milestone impact, and other cash and non-cash based income or expenses that we do not consider indicative of our core operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA Margin is defined as Adjusted EBITDA divided by revenue. We believe Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors in evaluating our performance for the following reasons:

•Adjusted EBITDA is widely used by investors and securities analysts to measure a company’s performance without regard to items such as those we exclude in calculating this measure, which can vary substantially from company to company depending upon their financing, capital structures, and the method by which assets were acquired.

•Our management uses Adjusted EBITDA in conjunction with GAAP financial measures for planning purposes, including the preparation of our annual operating budget, as a measure of performance and the effectiveness of our business strategies, and in communications with our board of directors concerning our performance.

•Adjusted EBITDA provides a measure of consistency and comparability with our past performance that many investors find useful, facilitates period-to-period comparisons of operations, and also facilitates comparisons with other peer companies, many of which use similar non-GAAP financial measures to supplement their GAAP results.

Although Adjusted EBITDA is frequently used by investors and securities analysts in their evaluations of companies, Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results of operations as reported under GAAP. These limitations include but are not limited to:

•Stock-based compensation is a non-cash charge and will remain an element of our long-term incentive compensation package, although we exclude it as an expense when evaluating our ongoing operating performance for a particular period.

•Depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, and the assets being depreciated or amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, but Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for these replacements.

•Change in fair value of financial instruments is a non-cash gain or loss. Liability-classified financial instruments represent potential future obligations to settle liabilities by issuing the Company’s common stock. Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in the fair value of these obligations.

•Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in our working capital needs, capital expenditures, or contractual commitments.

•Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash requirements for income taxes and the cash impact of other income or expense.

•Other companies may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.

Our Adjusted EBITDA is influenced by fluctuations in our revenue and the timing and amounts of our investments in our operations. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss), income (loss) from operations, or any other measure of financial performance calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

3

Adjusted Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

We define Adjusted selling, general and administrative expenses (“Adjusted SG&A”) as Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (“SG&A”) adjusted to exclude those SG&A items that are excluded from Adjusted EBITDA. These items included but are not limited to stock-based compensation expense, transaction costs, and other cash and non-cash based expenses that we do not consider indicative of our core operating performance. We believe Adjusted SG&A is useful to investors in evaluating our performance for the following reasons:

•Adjusted SG&A is widely used by investors and securities analysts to measure a company’s performance without regard to items such as those we exclude in calculating this measure, which can vary substantially from company to company depending upon their financing, capital structures, and the method by which assets were acquired.

•Our management uses Adjusted SG&A in conjunction with GAAP financial measures for planning purposes, including the preparation of our annual operating budget, as a measure of performance and the effectiveness of our business strategies, and in communications with our board of directors concerning our performance.

•Adjusted SG&A provides a measure of consistency and comparability with our past performance that many investors find useful, facilitates period-to-period comparisons of operations, and also facilitates comparisons with other peer companies, many of which use similar non-GAAP financial measures to supplement their GAAP results.

Although Adjusted SG&A is frequently used by investors and securities analysts in their evaluations of companies, Adjusted SG&A has limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results of operations as reported under GAAP. These limitations include but are not limited to:

•Stock-based compensation is a non-cash charge and will remain an element of our long-term incentive compensation package, although we exclude it as an expense when evaluating our ongoing operating performance for a particular period.

•Adjusted SG&A does not reflect changes in our working capital needs, capital expenditures, or contractual commitments.

•Other companies may calculate Adjusted SG&A differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.

Our Adjusted SG&A is influenced by fluctuations in the timing and amounts of our investments in our operations. Adjusted SG&A should not be considered as an alternative to SG&A or any other measure of financial performance calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

4

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Original Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Revenue
Retail revenue, net	$	51,031	$	183,081
Other revenue, net	1,922		8,712
Wholesale vehicle revenue	4,740		27,787
Total revenue	57,693		219,580
Cost of sales	54,155		208,792
Gross profit	3,538		10,788
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses	43,435		63,537
Depreciation and amortization	4,419		1,680
Loss on impairment	931		—
Total operating expenses	48,785		65,217
Loss from operations	(45,247)		(54,429)
Interest and other expense, net	(2,795)		(2,578)
Loss before income taxes	(48,042)		(57,007)
Provision for income taxes	55		41
Net loss and comprehensive loss	$	(48,097)	$	(57,048)
Net loss and comprehensive loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(2.84)	$	(6.97)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted	16,920,600		8,182,525

Share and per-share amounts have been adjusted to give effect to the Company’s 10 for 1 reverse stock split effective March 8, 2023

5

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Adjustments to Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Revenue
Retail revenue, net	$	(2,124)	$	—
Other revenue, net	(270)		—
Wholesale vehicle revenue	(1,191)		—
Total revenue	(3,585)		—
Cost of sales	(3,211)		—
Gross profit	(374)		—
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses	(844)		—
Depreciation and amortization	(20)		—
Loss on impairment	—		—
Total operating expenses	(864)		—
Loss from operations	490		—
Interest and other expense, net	4		—
Loss before income taxes	494		—
Provision for income taxes	—		—
Net loss from continuing operations	494		—
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes	494		—
Net loss and comprehensive loss	$	—	$	—
Net loss and comprehensive loss per share, basic and diluted	$	—	$	—
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted	—		—

Share and per-share amounts have been adjusted to give effect to the Company’s 10 for 1 reverse stock split effective March 8, 2023

6

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Revised Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Revenue
Retail revenue, net	$	48,907	$	183,081
Other revenue, net	1,652		8,712
Wholesale vehicle revenue	3,549		27,787
Total revenue	54,108		219,580
Cost of sales	50,944		208,792
Gross profit	3,164		10,788
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses	42,591		63,537
Depreciation and amortization	4,399		1,680
Loss on impairment	931		—
Total operating expenses	47,921		65,217
Loss from operations	(44,757)		(54,429)
Interest and other expense, net	(2,791)		(2,578)
Loss before income taxes	(47,548)		(57,007)
Provision for income taxes	55		41
Net loss from continuing operations	(47,603)		(57,048)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes	494		—
Net loss and comprehensive loss	$	(48,097)	$	(57,048)
Net loss and comprehensive loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(2.84)	$	(6.97)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted	16,920,600		8,182,525

Share and per-share amounts have been adjusted to give effect to the Company’s 10 for 1 reverse stock split effective March 8, 2023

7

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Original Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$	(48,097)	$	(57,048)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	4,467		2,019
Stock-based compensation expense	1,233		4,192
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	3,388		2,162
Contra-revenue associated with milestones	601		159
Amortization of debt discounts	591		365
Loss on impairment and non-cash restructuring expenses	931		—
Loss on disposal of long-lived assets	3,439		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	845		130
Inventory	6,906		(37,762)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,437		(2,179)
Other non-current assets	101		(27)
Accounts payable	1,842		(543)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(9,780)		(6,243)
Operating lease liabilities	(3,746)		(1,925)
Other non-current liabilities	(38)		(1,670)
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash used in operating activities	(35,880)		(98,370)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of property and equipment	(390)		(1,444)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	9		—
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities	806		—
Proceeds from commutation of reinsurance contracts	187		—
Capitalized website internal-use software costs	(1,991)		(2,328)
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash used in investing activities	(1,379)		(3,772)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from flooring line of credit facility	33,229		126,903
Repayment of flooring line of credit facility	(35,895)		(110,150)
Principal payments on finance leases	(180)		—
Proceeds from stock option exercises, including from early exercised options	—		3
Payment of tax withheld for common stock issued under stock-based compensation plans	(19)		(2,162)
Repurchase of shares related to early exercised options	(1)		(10)
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(2,866)		14,584
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(40,125)		(87,558)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	107,846		194,341
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	67,721	$	106,783

8

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Adjustments to Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$	—	$	—
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	(20)		—
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	—		—
Contra-revenue associated with milestones	—		—
Amortization of debt discounts	—		—
Loss on impairment and non-cash restructuring expenses	—		—
Loss on disposal of long-lived assets	21		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	—		—
Inventory	(527)		—
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	—		—
Other non-current assets	—		—
Accounts payable	92		—
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	—		—
Operating lease liabilities	—		—
Other non-current liabilities	—		—
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash used in operating activities	(434)		—
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of property and equipment	—		—
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	—		—
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities	—		—
Proceeds from commutation of reinsurance contracts	—		—
Proceeds from sale of discontinued operations	434		—
Capitalized website internal-use software costs	—		—
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash used in investing activities	434		—
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from flooring line of credit facility	—		—
Repayment of flooring line of credit facility	—		—
Principal payments on finance leases	—		—
Proceeds from stock option exercises, including from early exercised options	—		—
Payment of tax withheld for common stock issued under stock-based compensation plans	—		—
Repurchase of shares related to early exercised options	—		—
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash provided by (used in) financing activities	—		—
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	—		—
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	—		—
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	—	$	—

9

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Revised Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$	(48,097)	$	(57,048)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	4,447		2,019
Stock-based compensation expense	1,233		4,192
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	3,388		2,162
Contra-revenue associated with milestones	601		159
Amortization of debt discounts	591		365
Loss on impairment and non-cash restructuring expenses	931		—
Loss on disposal of long-lived assets	3,460		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	845		130
Inventory	6,379		(37,762)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,437		(2,179)
Other non-current assets	101		(27)
Accounts payable	1,934		(543)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(9,780)		(6,243)
Operating lease liabilities	(3,746)		(1,925)
Other non-current liabilities	(38)		(1,670)
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash used in operating activities	(36,314)		(98,370)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of property and equipment	(390)		(1,444)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	9		—
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities	806		—
Proceeds from commutation of reinsurance contracts	187		—
Proceeds from sale of discontinued operations	434		—
Capitalized website internal-use software costs	(1,991)		(2,328)
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash used in investing activities	(945)		(3,772)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from flooring line of credit facility	33,229		126,903
Repayment of flooring line of credit facility	(35,895)		(110,150)
Principal payments on finance leases	(180)		—
Proceeds from stock option exercises, including from early exercised options	—		3
Payment of tax withheld for common stock issued under stock-based compensation plans	(19)		(2,162)
Repurchase of shares related to early exercised options	(1)		(10)
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(2,866)		14,584
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(40,125)		(87,558)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	107,846		194,341
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	67,721	$	106,783

10

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Original Key Operating Metrics

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Units:
Retail units	2,396		6,714
Wholesale units	344		1,975
Total units sold	2,740		8,689
Retail ASP	$	21,298	$	27,269
Wholesale ASP	$	13,779	$	14,069
Gross Profit per Unit
Retail gross profit per unit	$	951	$	330
Other gross profit per unit	802		1,298
Wholesale gross profit per unit	(276)		(21)
Total gross profit per unit	$	1,477	$	1,607
Average monthly unique visitors	543,911		822,856
Average days to sale	78		56
Retail vehicles available for sale	1,650		5,464

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Adjustments to Key Operating Metrics

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Units:
Retail units	(104)		—
Wholesale units	(92)		—
Total units sold	(196)		—
Retail ASP	$	40	$	—
Wholesale ASP	$	304	$	—
Gross Profit per Unit
Retail gross profit per unit	$	42	$	—
Other gross profit per unit	(81)		—
Wholesale gross profit per unit	(58)		—
Total gross profit per unit	$	(97)	$	—
Average monthly unique visitors	—		—
Average days to sale	—		—
Retail vehicles available for sale	—		—

11

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Revised Key Operating Metrics

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Units:
Retail units	2,292		6,714
Wholesale units	252		1,975
Total units sold	2,544		8,689
Retail ASP	$	21,338	$	27,269
Wholesale ASP	$	14,083	$	14,069
Gross Profit per Unit
Retail gross profit per unit	$	993	$	330
Other gross profit per unit	721		1,298
Wholesale gross profit per unit	(334)		(21)
Total gross profit per unit	$	1,380	$	1,607
Average monthly unique visitors	543,911		822,856
Average days to sale	78		56
Retail vehicles available for sale	1,650		5,464

12

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Original Reconciliation of Gross Profit to Adjusted Gross Profit

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Total gross profit:
GAAP total gross profit	$	3,538	$	10,788
Warrant impact adjustment (1)	106		159
Closed location inventory costs (2)	571		—
Depreciation in cost of sales (3)	43		339
Adjusted total gross profit	$	4,258	$	11,286
Retail gross profit:
GAAP retail gross profit	$	2,278	$	2,214
Warrant impact adjustment (1)	—		—
Closed location inventory costs (2)	571		—
Depreciation in cost of sales (3)	43		339
Adjusted retail gross profit	$	2,892	$	2,553
Other gross profit:
GAAP other gross profit	$	1,922	$	8,712
Warrant impact adjustment (1)	106		159
Closed location inventory costs (2)	—		—
Depreciation in cost of sales (3)	—		—
Adjusted other gross profit	$	2,028	$	8,871
Wholesale gross profit:
GAAP wholesale gross profit	$	(662)	$	(138)
Warrant impact adjustment (1)	—		—
Closed location inventory costs (2)	—		—
Depreciation in cost of sales (3)	—		—
Adjusted wholesale gross profit (loss)	$	(662)	$	(138)

(1)Includes non-cash charges related to the Lithia warrants and recorded as contra-revenue on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

(2)Includes non-recurring losses on inventory incurred related to the closure of the Downers Grove, IL location.

(3)Includes depreciation expense attributed to reconditioning facilities included in cost of sales on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

13

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Adjustments to Reconciliation of Gross Profit to Adjusted Gross Profit

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Total gross profit:
GAAP total gross profit	$	(374)	$	—
Warrant impact adjustment (1)	—		—
Closed location inventory costs (2)	—		—
Depreciation in cost of sales (3)	—		—
Adjusted total gross profit	$	(374)	$	—
Retail gross profit:
GAAP retail gross profit	$	(1)	$	—
Warrant impact adjustment (1)	—		—
Closed location inventory costs (2)	—		—
Depreciation in cost of sales (3)	—		—
Adjusted retail gross profit	$	(1)	$	—
Other gross profit:
GAAP other gross profit	$	(270)	$	—
Warrant impact adjustment (1)	—		—
Closed location inventory costs (2)	—		—
Depreciation in cost of sales (3)	—		—
Adjusted other gross profit	$	(270)	$	—
Wholesale gross profit:
GAAP wholesale gross profit	$	(103)	$	—
Warrant impact adjustment (1)	—		—
Closed location inventory costs (2)	—		—
Depreciation in cost of sales (3)	—		—
Adjusted wholesale gross profit (loss)	$	(103)	$	—

(1)Includes non-cash charges related to the Lithia warrants and recorded as contra-revenue on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

(2)Includes non-recurring losses on inventory incurred related to the closure of the Downers Grove, IL location.

(3)Includes depreciation expense attributed to reconditioning facilities included in cost of sales on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

14

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Revised Reconciliation of Gross Profit to Adjusted Gross Profit

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Total gross profit:
GAAP total gross profit	$	3,164	$	10,788
Warrant impact adjustment (1)	106		159
Closed location inventory costs (2)	571		—
Depreciation in cost of sales (3)	43		339
Adjusted total gross profit	$	3,884	$	11,286
Retail gross profit:
GAAP retail gross profit	$	2,277	$	2,214
Warrant impact adjustment (1)	—		—
Closed location inventory costs (2)	571		—
Depreciation in cost of sales (3)	43		339
Adjusted retail gross profit	$	2,891	$	2,553
Other gross profit:
GAAP other gross profit	$	1,652	$	8,712
Warrant impact adjustment (1)	106		159
Closed location inventory costs (2)	—		—
Depreciation in cost of sales (3)	—		—
Adjusted other gross profit	$	1,758	$	8,871
Wholesale gross profit:
GAAP wholesale gross profit	$	(765)	$	(138)
Warrant impact adjustment (1)	—		—
Closed location inventory costs (2)	—		—
Depreciation in cost of sales (3)	—		—
Adjusted wholesale gross profit (loss)	$	(765)	$	(138)

(1)Includes non-cash charges related to the Lithia warrants and recorded as contra-revenue on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

(2)Includes non-recurring losses on inventory incurred related to the closure of the Downers Grove, IL location.

(3)Includes depreciation expense attributed to reconditioning facilities included in cost of sales on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

15

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Original Reconciliation of Gross Profit Per Unit To Adjusted Gross Profit Per Unit

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Total gross profit per unit:
GAAP total gross profit per unit	$	1,477	$	1,607
Warrant impact adjustment per unit (1)	44		24
Closed location inventory costs (2)	238		—
Depreciation adjustment per unit (3)	18		50
Adjusted total gross profit per unit	$	1,777	$	1,681
Retail gross profit per unit:
GAAP retail gross profit per unit	$	951	$	330
Warrant impact adjustment per unit (1)	—		—
Closed location inventory costs (2)	238		—
Depreciation adjustment per unit (3)	18		50
Adjusted retail gross profit per unit	$	1,207	$	380
Other gross profit per unit:
GAAP other gross profit per unit	$	802	$	1,298
Warrant impact adjustment per unit (1)	44		24
Closed location inventory costs (2)	—		—
Depreciation adjustment per unit (3)	—		—
Adjusted other gross profit per unit	$	846	$	1,322
Wholesale gross profit per unit:
GAAP wholesale gross profit per unit	$	(276)	$	(21)
Warrant impact adjustment per unit (1)	—		—
Closed location inventory costs (2)	—		—
Depreciation adjustment per unit (3)	—		—
Adjusted wholesale gross profit (loss) per unit	$	(276)	$	(21)

(1)Includes non-cash charges related to the Lithia warrants and recorded as contra-revenue on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

(2)Includes non-recurring losses on inventory incurred related to the closure of the Downers Grove, IL location.

(3)Includes depreciation expense attributed to reconditioning facilities included in cost of sales on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

16

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Adjustments to Reconciliation of Gross Profit Per Unit To Adjusted Gross Profit Per Unit

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Total gross profit per unit:
GAAP total gross profit per unit	$	(97)	$	—
Warrant impact adjustment per unit (1)	3		—
Closed location inventory costs (2)	11		—
Depreciation adjustment per unit (3)	1		—
Adjusted total gross profit per unit	$	(82)	$	—
Retail gross profit per unit:
GAAP retail gross profit per unit	$	42	$	—
Warrant impact adjustment per unit (1)	—		—
Closed location inventory costs (2)	11		—
Depreciation adjustment per unit (3)	1		—
Adjusted retail gross profit per unit	$	54	$	—
Other gross profit per unit:
GAAP other gross profit per unit	$	(81)	$	—
Warrant impact adjustment per unit (1)	3		—
Closed location inventory costs (2)	—		—
Depreciation adjustment per unit (3)	—		—
Adjusted other gross profit per unit	$	(78)	$	—
Wholesale gross profit per unit:
GAAP wholesale gross profit per unit	$	(58)	$	—
Warrant impact adjustment per unit (1)	—		—
Closed location inventory costs (2)	—		—
Depreciation adjustment per unit (3)	—		—
Adjusted wholesale gross profit (loss) per unit	$	(58)	$	—

(1)Includes non-cash charges related to the Lithia warrants and recorded as contra-revenue on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

(2)Includes non-recurring losses on inventory incurred related to the closure of the Downers Grove, IL location.

(3)Includes depreciation expense attributed to reconditioning facilities included in cost of sales on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

17

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Revised Reconciliation of Gross Profit Per Unit To Adjusted Gross Profit Per Unit

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Total gross profit per unit:
GAAP total gross profit per unit	$	1,380	$	1,607
Warrant impact adjustment per unit (1)	47		24
Closed location inventory costs (2)	249		—
Depreciation adjustment per unit (3)	19		50
Adjusted total gross profit per unit	$	1,695	$	1,681
Retail gross profit per unit:
GAAP retail gross profit per unit	$	993	$	330
Warrant impact adjustment per unit (1)	—		—
Closed location inventory costs (2)	249		—
Depreciation adjustment per unit (3)	19		50
Adjusted retail gross profit per unit	$	1,261	$	380
Other gross profit per unit:
GAAP other gross profit per unit	$	721	$	1,298
Warrant impact adjustment per unit (1)	47		24
Closed location inventory costs (2)	—		—
Depreciation adjustment per unit (3)	—		—
Adjusted other gross profit per unit	$	768	$	1,322
Wholesale gross profit per unit:
GAAP wholesale gross profit per unit	$	(334)	$	(21)
Warrant impact adjustment per unit (1)	—		—
Closed location inventory costs (2)	—		—
Depreciation adjustment per unit (3)	—		—
Adjusted wholesale gross profit (loss) per unit	$	(334)	$	(21)

(1)Includes non-cash charges related to the Lithia warrants and recorded as contra-revenue on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

(2)Includes non-recurring losses on inventory incurred related to the closure of the Downers Grove, IL location.

(3)Includes depreciation expense attributed to reconditioning facilities included in cost of sales on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

18

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Original Reconciliation of Net Loss to Adjusted EBITDA

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation	2023			2022
Net Loss	$	(48,097)		$	(57,048)
(+) Interest and other expense, net	2,795			2,578
(+) Stock-based compensation	1,233			4,192
(+) Depreciation & amortization	4,462			2,019
(+) Warrant impact adjustment - contra-revenue (1)	106			159
(+) Merger and acquisition transaction and integration costs (2)	1,451			1,471
(+) Provision for income taxes	55			41
(+) Costs related to closed locations excluding severance (3)	6,561			—
(+) Severance, retention, and CEO costs (4)	1,441			—
(+) Facility closure costs from inventory, and property and equipment (5)	4,328			—
(+) Impairment expense	931			—
(+) F&I Milestone prepaid asset termination(1)	495			—
(+) Capital markets costs(6)	195			—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(24,044)		$	(46,588)
EBITDA Margin (%)	(41.7)		%	(21.2)		%

(1)Includes non-cash charges related to the Lithia warrants and recorded as contra-revenue on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, as well as a one-time non-cash charge related to the termination of the underlying contract.

(2)Includes transaction costs for the Carlotz merger continuing into the first quarter.

(3)Includes non-cash lease expense related to the continued closures of the Company’s facilities. Includes fulfillment, lease, payroll, facilities, and other operating expenses related to the process of closing facilities.

(4)Includes severance and retention amounts related employees, executives, and the CEO transition.

(5)Includes net losses on inventory liquidated as part of the aforementioned facility closures. Includes losses on property sold or disposed from closing facilities.     

(6)Includes one-time costs associated with the conversion of the Company’s Form S-3 registration statement to Form S-1

19

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Adjustments to Reconciliation of Net Loss to Adjusted EBITDA

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation	2023			2022
Net Loss	$	—		$	—
(+) Interest and other expense, net*	—			—
(+) Stock-based compensation	—			—
(+) Depreciation & amortization*	—			—
(+) Warrant impact adjustment - contra-revenue (1)	—			—
(+) Merger and acquisition transaction and integration costs (2)	—			—
(+) Provision for income taxes	—			—
(+) Costs related to closed locations excluding severance*(3)	—			—
(+) Severance, retention, and CEO costs (4)	—			—
(+) Facility closure costs from inventory, and property and equipment (5)	—			—
(+) Impairment expense	—			—
(+) F&I Milestone prepaid asset termination(1)	—			—
(+) Gross profit from discontinued operations	(374)			—
(+) Capital markets costs(6)	—			—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(374)		$	—
EBITDA Margin (%)	(3.4)		%	0.0		%

(1)Includes non-cash charges related to the Lithia warrants and recorded as contra-revenue on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, as well as a one-time non-cash charge related to the termination of the underlying contract.

(2)Includes transaction costs for the Carlotz merger continuing into the first quarter.

(3)Includes non-cash lease expense related to the continued closures of the Company’s facilities. Includes fulfillment, lease, payroll, facilities, and other operating expenses related to the process of closing facilities.

(4)Includes severance and retention amounts related employees, executives, and the CEO transition.

(5)Includes net losses on inventory liquidated as part of the aforementioned facility closures. Includes losses on property sold or disposed from closing facilities.     

(6)Includes one-time costs associated with the conversion of the Company’s Form S-3 registration statement to Form S-1

*     Includes amounts presented within loss from discontinued operations on the condensed consolidated statement of operations

20

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Revised Reconciliation of Net Loss to Adjusted EBITDA

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation	2023			2022
Net Loss	$	(48,097)		$	(57,048)
(+) Interest and other expense, net*	2,795			2,578
(+) Stock-based compensation	1,233			4,192
(+) Depreciation & amortization*	4,462			2,019
(+) Warrant impact adjustment - contra-revenue (1)	106			159
(+) Merger and acquisition transaction and integration costs (2)	1,451			1,471
(+) Provision for income taxes	55			41
(+) Costs related to closed locations excluding severance*(3)	6,561			—
(+) Severance, retention, and CEO costs (4)	1,441			—
(+) Facility closure costs from inventory, and property and equipment (5)	4,328			—
(+) Impairment expense	931			—
(+) F&I Milestone prepaid asset termination(1)	495			—
(+) Gross profit from discontinued operations	(374)			—
(+) Capital markets costs(6)	195			—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(24,418)		$	(46,588)
EBITDA Margin (%)	(45.1)		%	(21.2)		%

(1)Includes non-cash charges related to the Lithia warrants and recorded as contra-revenue on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, as well as a one-time non-cash charge related to the termination of the underlying contract.

(2)Includes transaction costs for the Carlotz merger continuing into the first quarter.

(3)Includes non-cash lease expense related to the continued closures of the Company’s facilities. Includes fulfillment, lease, payroll, facilities, and other operating expenses related to the process of closing facilities.

(4)Includes severance and retention amounts related employees, executives, and the CEO transition.

(5)Includes net losses on inventory liquidated as part of the aforementioned facility closures. Includes losses on property sold or disposed from closing facilities.     

(6)Includes one-time costs associated with the conversion of the Company’s Form S-3 registration statement to Form S-1

*     Includes amounts presented within loss from discontinued operations on the condensed consolidated statement of operations

21

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Original Reconciliation of Selling, General and Administrative Expenses to Adjusted Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
Adjusted Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Reconciliation	2023		2022
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	43,435	$	63,537
(-) Stock-based compensation	(1,233)		(4,192)
(-) Merger and acquisition transaction and integration costs	(1,451)		(1,471)
(-) Costs related to closed locations excluding severance	(6,561)		—
(-) Severance, retention, and CEO costs	(1,441)		—
(-) Facility closure costs from property and equipment (1)	(3,757)		—
(-) F&I Milestone prepaid asset termination(2)	(495)		—
(-) Capital markets costs(3)	(195)		—
Adjusted selling, general and administrative expenses	$	28,302	$	57,874

(1)Included in Facility closure costs from inventory, and property and equipment in the Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation table above.

(2)Includes non-cash charges related to the Lithia warrants and recorded as contra-revenue on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, as well as a one-time non-cash charge related to the termination of the underlying contract.

(3)Includes one-time costs associated with the conversion of the Company’s Form S-3 registration statement to Form S-1.

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Adjustments to Reconciliation of Selling, General and Administrative Expenses to Adjusted Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
Adjusted Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Reconciliation	2023		2022
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	(844)	$	—
(-) Stock-based compensation	—		—
(-) Merger and acquisition transaction and integration costs	—		—
(-) Costs related to closed locations excluding severance	458		—
(-) Severance, retention, and CEO costs	—		—
(-) Facility closure costs from property and equipment (1)	386		—
(-) F&I Milestone prepaid asset termination(2)	—		—
(-) Capital markets costs(3)	—		—
Adjusted selling, general and administrative expenses	$	—	$	—

(1)Included in Facility closure costs from inventory, and property and equipment in the Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation table above.

(2)Includes non-cash charges related to the Lithia warrants and recorded as contra-revenue on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, as well as a one-time non-cash charge related to the termination of the underlying contract.

(3)Includes one-time costs associated with the conversion of the Company’s Form S-3 registration statement to Form S-1.

22

SHIFT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Revised Reconciliation of Selling, General and Administrative Expenses to Adjusted Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
Adjusted Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Reconciliation	2023		2022
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	42,591	$	63,537
(-) Stock-based compensation	(1,233)		(4,192)
(-) Merger and acquisition transaction and integration costs	(1,451)		(1,471)
(-) Costs related to closed locations excluding severance	(6,103)		—
(-) Severance, retention, and CEO costs	(1,441)		—
(-) Facility closure costs from property and equipment (1)	(3,371)		—
(-) F&I Milestone prepaid asset termination(2)	(495)		—
(-) Capital markets costs(3)	(195)		—
Adjusted selling, general and administrative expenses	$	28,302	$	57,874

(1)Included in Facility closure costs from inventory, and property and equipment in the Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation table above.

(2)Includes non-cash charges related to the Lithia warrants and recorded as contra-revenue on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, as well as a one-time non-cash charge related to the termination of the underlying contract.

(3)Includes one-time costs associated with the conversion of the Company’s Form S-3 registration statement to Form S-1.

23

XML

Cover Page - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	May 12, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-38839
Entity Registrant Name	Shift Technologies, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	82-5325852
Entity Address, Address Line One	290 Division Street
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 400
Entity Address, City or Town	San Francisco
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	94103-4893
City Area Code	855
Local Phone Number	575-6739
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	SFT
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		16,956,933
Entity Central Index Key	0001762322
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023

XML

Consolidated Consolidate Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 58,784	$ 96,159
Restricted cash, current	7,907	10,632
Marketable securities at fair value	0	1,264
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $603 and $93	4,393	4,558
Inventory	34,019	40,925
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	6,257	7,657
Operating and finance lease assets, property and equipment, accounts receivable, and other assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	12,749	17,226
Total current assets	124,109	178,421
Restricted cash, non-current	1,030	1,055
Marketable securities at fair value, non-current	0	707
Property and equipment, net	2,012	6,797
Operating lease assets	28,366	44,568
Finance lease assets, net	112	152
Capitalized website and internal use software costs, net	9,633	10,657
Goodwill	2,070	2,070
Deferred borrowing costs	193	268
Other non-current assets	1,971	3,323
Total assets	169,496	248,018
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	14,280	12,085
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	23,136	33,872
Operating lease liabilities, current	5,490	8,865
Finance lease liabilities, current	50	271
Flooring line of credit	22,165	24,831
Operating and finance lease liabilities and other liabilities associated with assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	18,159	15,432
Total current liabilities	83,280	95,356
Long-term debt, net	163,879	163,363
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	27,245	44,985
Finance lease liabilities, non-current	1,496	3,989
Other non-current liabilities	65	111
Total liabilities	275,965	307,804
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Stockholders’ deficit:
Preferred stock – par value $0.0001 per share; 1,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	0	0
Common stock – par value $0.0001 per share; 500,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively; 17,227,910 and 17,212,130 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	2	2
Additional paid-in capital	554,379	552,968
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	0	(3)
Accumulated deficit	(660,850)	(612,753)
Total stockholders’ deficit	(106,469)	(59,786)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit	$ 169,496	$ 248,018

XML

Consolidated Consolidate Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 603	$ 93
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	17,227,910	17,212,130
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	17,227,910	17,212,130

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Revenue
Revenue	$ 54,108	$ 219,580
Cost of sales	50,944	208,792
Gross profit	3,164	10,788
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses	42,591	63,537
Depreciation and amortization	4,399	1,680
Loss on impairment	931	0
Total operating expenses	47,921	65,217
Loss from operations	(44,757)	(54,429)
Interest and other expense, net	(2,791)	(2,578)
Loss before income taxes	(47,548)	(57,007)
Provision for income taxes	55	41
Net loss from continuing operations	(47,603)	(57,048)
Loss from discontinued operations	494	0
Total comprehensive income	(48,097)	(57,048)
Net loss and comprehensive loss	$ (48,097)	$ (57,048)
Net loss and comprehensive loss per share, basic (in dollars per share)	$ (2.84)	$ (6.97)
Net loss and comprehensive loss per share, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (2.84)	$ (6.97)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, basic (in shares)	16,920,600	8,182,525
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, diluted (in shares)	16,920,600	8,182,525
Discontinued Operations, Held-for-sale
Revenue
Revenue	$ 3,584
Cost of sales	3,210
Gross profit	374
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses	459
Depreciation and amortization	20
Loss on impairment	386
Total operating expenses	865
Loss from operations	(491)
Interest and other expense, net	(3)
Loss from discontinued operations	494
Retail revenue, net
Revenue
Revenue	48,907	$ 183,081
Retail revenue, net | Discontinued Operations, Held-for-sale
Revenue
Revenue	2,123
Other revenue, net
Revenue
Revenue	1,652	8,712
Other revenue, net | Discontinued Operations, Held-for-sale
Revenue
Revenue	270
Wholesale vehicle revenue
Revenue
Revenue	3,549	$ 27,787
Wholesale vehicle revenue | Discontinued Operations, Held-for-sale
Revenue
Revenue	$ 1,190

XML

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid in Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		8,136,931
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 75,272	$ 1	$ 515,982	$ (440,711)	$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of vested options (in shares)		1,231
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of vested options	3		3
Repurchase of shares related to early exercised options (in shares)		(278)
Vesting of early exercised options	35		35
Stock-based compensation	4,517		4,517
Issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plans, net of shares exchanged for withholding tax (in shares)		130,029
Issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plans, net of shares exchanged for withholding tax	(2,162)		(2,162)
Net loss and comprehensive loss	(57,048)			(57,048)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022		8,267,913
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2022	20,617	$ 1	518,375	(497,759)	0
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		17,212,130
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ (59,786)	$ 2	552,968	(612,753)	(3)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of vested options (in shares)	0
Vesting of early exercised options	$ 14		14
Stock-based compensation	1,416		1,416
Issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plans, net of shares exchanged for withholding tax (in shares)		15,780
Issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plans, net of shares exchanged for withholding tax	(19)		(19)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	3				3
Net loss and comprehensive loss	(48,097)			(48,097)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		17,227,910
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ (106,469)	$ 2	$ 554,379	$ (660,850)	$ 0

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$ (48,097)	$ (57,048)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	4,447	2,019
Stock-based compensation expense	1,233	4,192
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	3,388	2,162
Contra-revenue associated with milestones	601	159
Amortization of debt discounts	591	365
Loss on impairment	931	0
Loss on disposal of long-lived assets	3,460	0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	845	130
Inventory	6,379	(37,762)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,437	(2,179)
Other non-current assets	101	(27)
Accounts payable	1,934	(543)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(9,780)	(6,243)
Operating lease liabilities	(3,746)	(1,925)
Other non-current liabilities	(38)	(1,670)
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash used in operating activities	(36,314)	(98,370)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of property and equipment	(390)	(1,444)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	9	0
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities	806	0
Proceeds from commutation of reinsurance contracts	187	0
Proceeds from sale of discontinued operations	434	0
Capitalized website internal-use software costs	(1,991)	(2,328)
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash used in investing activities	(945)	(3,772)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from flooring line of credit facility	33,229	126,903
Repayment of flooring line of credit facility	(35,895)	(110,150)
Principal payments on finance leases	(180)	0
Proceeds from stock option exercises, including from early exercised options	0	3
Payment of tax withheld for common stock issued under stock-based compensation plans	(19)	(2,162)
Repurchase of shares related to early exercised options	(1)	(10)
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(2,866)	14,584
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(40,125)	(87,558)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	107,846	194,341
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	67,721	106,783
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid for interest	1,114	496
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Capital expenditures in accounts payable	0	534
Vesting of exercised options	14	35
Stock-based compensation capitalized to internal-use software	183	325
Imputation of debt discounts reducing consideration transferred in business acquisitions	2,103	0
Establishment of lease right of use assets and lease liabilities
Operating lease right of use assets	0	27,855
Operating lease liabilities	0	28,631
Other assets	0	1,716
Other liabilities	0	2,492
Termination of lease right of use assets and lease liabilities
Operating lease right of use assets	11,884	0
Operating lease liabilities	11,744	0
Finance lease right of use assets	4,660	0
Finance lease liabilities	$ 4,746	$ 0

XML

DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS

1. DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS

Shift Technologies, Inc., which, together with its subsidiaries we refer to as Shift, we, us, our, SFT, or the Company, conducts its business through its wholly owned subsidiaries. Shift Platform, Inc., formerly known as Shift Technologies, Inc. (“Legacy Shift”) was incorporated in the State of Delaware on December 9, 2013.

Shift Technologies, Inc. is a consumer-centric omnichannel retailer transforming the used car industry by leveraging its end-to-end ecommerce platform and retail locations to provide a technology-driven, hassle-free customer experience.

The Company currently is organized into two reportable segments: Retail and Wholesale. The Retail segment represents retail sales of used vehicles through the Company’s ecommerce platform and fees earned on sales of value-added products associated with those vehicles sales such as vehicle service contracts, guaranteed asset protection waiver coverage, prepaid maintenance plans, and appearance protection plans. The Wholesale segment represents sales of used vehicles through wholesale auctions or directly to a wholesaler (“DTW”).

XML

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

Our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. In the opinion of management, the interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for fair financial statement presentation.

The interim condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, condensed consolidated statements of stockholders' equity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, and amounts relating to the interim periods included in the accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. The unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements contained in the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, and in management’s opinion, reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for the fair financial statement presentation of the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2023, and its results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the fiscal year or any other periods. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on March 31, 2023.

At the Company’s Special Meeting of Stockholders held on December 7, 2022, the Company’s stockholders approved a proposal to authorize a reverse stock split of the Company’s Class A common stock, at a ratio within the range of 1-for-5 to 1-for-10. The Board approved a 1-for-10 reverse split ratio, and on March 7, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Charter Amendment”) to effect the reverse split effective March 8, 2023. All share and per-share amounts have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the impact of the reverse stock split.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions, including those related to the valuation of vehicle inventory, capitalized website and internal-use software development costs, fair value of Class A common stock, financial instruments, convertible debt, stock-based compensation and income taxes.

Management bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from those estimates.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are primarily due from auction facilities and partner financial institutions that provide financing to our customers.

The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts that is calculated under the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model. The CECL model applies to financial assets measured at amortized cost, and requires the Company to reflect expected credit losses over the remaining contractual term of the asset. As the large majority of the Company’s receivables settle within 30 days, the forecast period under the CECL model is a relatively short horizon. The Company uses an aging method to estimate allowances for doubtful accounts under the CECL model as the Company has determined that the aging method adequately reflects expected credit losses, as corroborated by historical loss rates.

Marketable Securities

The Company acquired equity and debt security investments as a result of the CarLotz Merger on December 9, 2022. Equity and debt securities are classified as Level 1 and Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, respectively. Substantially all of the debt and equity securities were sold between December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023 and $3 thousand was reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss for net losses on marketable securities.

Discontinued Operations

We review the presentation of planned business dispositions in the condensed consolidated financial statements based on the available information and events that have occurred. The review consists of evaluating whether the business meets the definition of a component for which the operations and cash flows are clearly distinguishable from the other components of the business, and if so, whether it is anticipated that after the disposal the cash flows of the component would be eliminated from continuing operations and whether the disposition represents a strategic shift that has a major effect on operations and financial results. In addition, we evaluate whether the business has met the criteria as a business held for sale. In order for a planned disposition to be classified as a business held for sale, the established criteria must be met as of the reporting date, including an active program to market the business and the expected disposition of the business within one year.

Planned business dispositions are presented as discontinued operations when all the criteria described above are met. For those divestitures that qualify as discontinued operations, all comparative periods presented are reclassified in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, the results of operations of a discontinued operation are reclassified to income from discontinued operations, net of tax, for all periods presented in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Results of discontinued operations include all revenues and expenses directly derived from such businesses; general corporate overhead is not allocated to discontinued operations.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The authoritative guidance on fair value measurements establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements as follows:

Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires management to make judgments and consider factors specific to the asset or liability. The Company recognizes transfers between the levels as of the actual date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. There were no transfers between levels during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had less than $0.1 million in assets and liabilities, respectively, measured at fair value.

Escrow Shares

In connection with the closing of the Company's merger with Insurance Acquisition Corp. on October 13, 2020, (the "IAC Merger"), 600,021 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock (the “Escrow Shares”) were deposited into an escrow account, with each former Legacy Shift stockholder listed as beneficiary in proportion to their percentage ownership of Legacy Shift common shares immediately prior to the IAC Merger. The Escrow Shares will be released to the beneficiaries if the following conditions are achieved following October 13, 2020, the date of the closing of the IAC Merger:

i.If at any time during the 12 months following the closing, the closing share price of the Company’s Class A common stock is greater than $120.00 over any 20 trading days within any 30 trading day period, 50% of the Escrow Shares will be released.

ii.If at any time during the 30 months following the closing, the closing share price of the Company’s Class A common stock is greater than $150.00 over any 20 trading days within any 30 trading day period, 50% of the Escrow Shares will be released.

iii.If, during the 30 months following the closing, there is a change of control (as defined in the IAC Merger Agreement) that will result in the holders of the Company’s Class A common stock receiving a per share price equal to or in excess of $100.00 per share (as equitably adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, special cash dividends, reorganizations, combinations, recapitalizations and similar transactions affecting the Class A common stock after the date of the IAC Merger), then all remaining Escrow Shares shall be released to the Legacy Shift stockholders effective as of immediately prior to the consummation of such change of control.

The Escrow Shares are legally outstanding and the beneficiaries retain all voting, dividend and distribution rights applicable to the Company’s Class A common stock while the shares are in escrow. If the conditions for the release of the Escrow Shares are not met, the shares and any dividends or distributions arising therefrom shall be returned to the Company. The Escrow Shares are not considered outstanding for accounting purposes, and as such are excluded from the calculation of basic net loss per share (see Note 17 - Net Loss Per Share).

The Escrow Shares meet the accounting definition of a derivative financial instrument. Prior to the cancellation of the first tranche on October 13, 2021, the number of Escrow Shares that would have ultimately been released was partially dependent on variables (namely, the occurrence of a change in control) that are not valuation inputs to a “fixed for fixed” option or forward contract, and therefore the Escrow Shares were not considered to be indexed to the Company’s Class A common stock and were therefore classified as a liability. The Company’s obligation to release the Escrow Shares upon achievement of the milestones was initially recorded to financial instruments liability on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value as of the date of the IAC Merger. Subsequent changes in the fair value of the liability were recorded to change in fair value of financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

As of the first anniversary of the IAC Merger on October 13, 2021, the first tranche of 300,011 Escrow Shares had failed to satisfy the $120.00 stock performance hurdle. As a result, the shares were returned to the Company for cancellation.

Following the return of the first tranche of the Escrow Shares to the Company on October 13, 2021, the Escrow Shares met the "fixed for fixed" option or forward contract criteria for equity classification. As such, changes in fair value of the Escrow Shares through October 13, 2021 were recorded in change in fair value of financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The fair value of the shares on October 13, 2021 of $6.3 million, measured using the Monte Carlo valuation model, was reclassified to additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

On April 13, 2023 the second tranche of 300,010 Escrow Shares failed to satisfy the applicable stock performance hurdle. As a result, the shares were returned to the Company for cancellation.

Liquidity and Management's Plan

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company generated negative cash flows from operations of approximately $36.3 million and $98.4 million, respectively, and generated net losses of approximately $48.1 million and $57.0 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $58.8 million and total working capital of $40.8 million. Since inception, the Company has had negative cash flows and losses from operations which it has funded primarily through issuances of common and preferred stock and through a reverse recapitalization via the IAC Merger in October 2020. The Company has historically funded vehicle inventory purchases through its vehicle floorplan facilities (see Note 9 - Borrowings). The Company's current floorplan facility expires on December 9, 2023. The Company also continually assesses other opportunities to raise debt or equity capital.

The Company's plan is to raise capital to provide the liquidity necessary to satisfy its obligations over the next twelve months, and to secure a new or amended floorplan financing arrangement to provide continuity when the current floorplan expires. The Company may also pursue other strategic alternatives. The Company's ability to raise capital may be constrained by the price of and demand for the Company's Class A common stock. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to raise sufficient additional capital or obtain financing that will provide it with sufficient liquidity to satisfy its obligations over the next twelve months.

The Company continues to focus its strategy on improving unit economics and reducing selling, general, and administrative expenses and seeks to achieve these goals by eliminating less profitable fulfillment channels, consolidating operations into fewer physical locations, and reducing headcount accordingly. Please see Note 15 - Impairment, Restructuring and Discontinued Operations for additional information.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40), the Company has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. Management determined as a result of this evaluation, the Company’s losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception, combined with its current cash, working capital position, and expiration of the current floorplan financing arrangement on December 9, 2023, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis that assumes the Company will continue as a going concern which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course of business. Accordingly, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued guidance codified in Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13, Financial instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"), and subsequent related ASUs, which amends the guidance on the impairment of financial instruments by requiring measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held. This ASU is effective for public and private companies’ fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, and December 15, 2022, respectively. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 under the private company transition guidance beginning January 1, 2023. The adoption did not materially impact the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

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BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

3. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

Fair Dealer Services, LLC

On May 11, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of certain automotive dealer marketplace assets and all of the issued and outstanding limited liability company interests of Fair Dealer Services, LLC (“Fair”), (collectively, the “Marketplace Assets”), from Fair Financial Corp., Fair IP, LLC (“Fair IP”), and (for limited purposes) Cayman Project 2 Limited (“SB LL Holdco”), pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Purchase Agreement dated May 11, 2022. The Company purchased the Marketplace Assets in order to acquire software and other assets to enable the listing of inventory owned by third-party dealerships for sale on the Company’s ecommerce platform. The Company determined that the Marketplace Assets meet the definition of a business, and the purchase is properly accounted for as a business combination.

The Company incurred a total of $3.3 million of transaction related costs for the year ended December 31, 2022. There were no transaction costs incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or 2022.

The consideration for the Marketplace Assets consisted of cash in the amount of $15.0 million (the “Cash Consideration”) and 206,698 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock (such shares being equal to 2.5% of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s Class A common stock as of immediately prior to the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Amended and Restated Purchase Agreement) (the “Stock Consideration”). The shares were issued and valued as of May 11, 2022 at a per share market closing price of $10.20.

The Company financed the acquisition of the Marketplace Assets through the issuance of the Senior Unsecured Notes to SB LL Holdco (see Note 9 - Borrowings). The stated interest rate on the Senior Unsecured Notes was determined to be below the market rate of interest, effectively providing a discount on the purchase price of the Marketplace Assets. Therefore, the Company recognized an imputed discount of $2.1 million on the Senior Unsecured Notes based on an estimated market rate of interest of 10.5%, and a corresponding reduction to the consideration transferred for the purchase of the Marketplace Assets.

The following table presents an estimate of consideration transferred:

	(In thousands)
Cash consideration	$	15,000
Fair value of shares of Shift Class A common stock issued	2,481
Allocation of proceeds from Senior Unsecured Notes	(2,103)
Acquisition Consideration	$	15,378

The intangible assets acquired were recorded at their fair values as of the acquisition date. Management estimated the fair value of intangible assets in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance for business combinations and utilized the services of third-party valuation consultants. The initial allocation of the consideration transferred is based on a preliminary valuation and is subject to adjustments. Balances subject to adjustment primarily include the valuations of acquired assets and tax-related matters. During the measurement period, the Company may record adjustments to the provisional amounts recognized.

	Estimated Fair Value
Capitalized website and internal use software costs	$	12,500
Other intangible assets - Trade name	100
Other intangible assets - Dealer network	100
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	154
Goodwill	2,524
Total fair value of purchase price	$	15,378

Identifiable Intangible Assets

The Company acquired intangible assets that consisted primarily of developed software, which had an estimated fair value of $12.5 million, and which is included in capitalized website and internal use software costs, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company also acquired other intangible assets with a total estimated fair value of $0.2 million. The Cost to Recreate Method was used to value the acquired developed software asset. Management applied judgment in estimating the fair value of this intangible asset, which involved the use of significant assumptions such as the cost and time to build the acquired technology, developer’s profit and rate of return. The other intangible assets are included in other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company began amortizing the intangible assets on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of three years for the capitalized internal use software and trade name, and one year for the dealer network. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company fully impaired these assets.

Goodwill

The goodwill represents the excess of consideration transferred over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and is attributable to the benefits expected from combining the Company’s expertise with Fair’s technology, resource base, and ability to effectively integrate the Marketplace Assets with the Company's existing ecommerce platform. This goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes.

Pro forma information (unaudited)

The unaudited pro forma results presented below include the effects of the Fair acquisition as if it had been consummated as of January 1, 2021, with adjustments to give effect to pro forma events that are directly attributable to the acquisition which includes adjustments related to the amortization of acquired intangible assets. The unaudited pro forma results do not reflect any operating efficiency or potential cost savings which may result from the integration of Fair. Accordingly, these unaudited pro forma results are presented for informational purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of what the actual results of operation of the combined company would have been if the acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 2021.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Revenue	$	219,580
Loss from operations	(59,240)
Net loss	$	(62,196)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(7.69)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted	8,089,211

CarLotz, Inc.

On December 9, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of CarLotz, Inc. (“CarLotz”), a Delaware corporation, pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "CarLotz Merger") dated as of August 9, 2022 (the “Merger Agreement”). The CarLotz Merger increased the liquidity available to the combined entity by adding the cash resources of legacy CarLotz to the combined entity and obviating the need for legacy CarLotz to invest in technologies already developed by Shift. The Company determined that the CarLotz Merger is properly accounted for as a business combination.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company incurred an additional $0.1 million of transaction related costs for a total of $16.3 million since the date of acquisition, which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The following table presents an estimate of Merger Consideration transferred to effect the CarLotz Merger at Closing:

	(In thousands)
Fair value of shares of Shift Class A common stock issued to CarLotz stockholders	$	22,411
Replacement of CarLotz equity awards	562
Merger Consideration	$	22,973

The fair value of shares of Shift Class A common stock issued as Merger Consideration was based on approximately 8.6 million shares of Shift Class A common stock, including 0.1 million shares issued pursuant to accelerated vesting of certain CarLotz RSU Awards in connection with the CarLotz Merger, and the closing price of Shift Class A common stock of $2.62 per share on December 9, 2022.

Consideration transferred was allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values as of the acquisition date. Management estimated the fair value of tangible and intangible assets and liabilities in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance for business combinations and utilized the services of third-party valuation consultants. The initial allocation of the consideration transferred is based on a preliminary valuation and is subject to adjustments. Balances subject to adjustment primarily include the valuations of acquired assets (tangible and intangible), liabilities assumed, as well as tax-related matters. During the measurement period, the Company may record adjustments to the provisional amounts recognized. The allocation of the consideration transferred will be finalized within the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date).

	Estimated Fair Value
Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities	$	97,710
Accounts receivable	3,321
Inventory	7,062
Other current assets	1,756
Property and equipment	7,009
Operating lease right of use assets	25,119
Finance lease right of use assets	4,176
Developed technology	3,190
Trademarks	970
Other non-current assets	364
Total assets	150,677
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(11,899)
Operating lease liabilities, current	(4,127)
Finance lease liabilities, current	(273)
Other current liabilities	(694)
Operating lease liabilities	(24,713)
Finance lease liabilities	(8,940)
Other non-current liabilities	(373)
Total liabilities	(51,019)
Net assets acquired	99,658
Gain on Bargain purchase	$	(76,685)
Consideration transferred	$	22,973

Identifiable Intangible Assets

The fair value of the trademarks and developed technology intangible assets has been determined using the relief-from-royalty method, which involves the estimation of an amount of hypothetical royalty savings enjoyed by the entity that owns the intangible asset because that entity is relieved from having to license that intangible asset from another owner. In using this method, third-party arm’s-length royalty or license agreements were analyzed. The licensing transactions were selected as reflecting similar risks and characteristics that make them comparable to the subject assets. The net revenue expected to be generated by the intangible asset during its expected remaining life was then multiplied by the selected royalty rate. The selected estimated royalty rates for the trademarks and developed technology were 0.3% and 1.5%, respectively. The estimated after-tax royalty streams were then discounted to present value using a discount rate of 19.4%, to estimate the fair value of the subject intangible assets.

The trademarks are included in other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The developed technology is included in capitalized website and internal use software costs, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company fully amortized the intangible assets on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of three months, as the Company is decommissioning the acquired intangible assets in favor of equivalent legacy Shift assets.

Bargain Purchase

Any excess of fair value of acquired net assets over the purchase price (negative goodwill) has been recognized as a gain in the period the acquisition was completed. We have reassessed whether all acquired assets and assumed liabilities have been identified and recognized and performed remeasurements to verify that the consideration paid, assets acquired, and liabilities assumed have been properly valued. The remaining excess has been recognized as a gain in the consolidated statement of operations. Factors believed to contribute to the bargain purchase include i) the management turnover, restructuring, and other indicators of distress experienced by CarLotz prior to the CarLotz Merger, ii) successful cash conservation efforts by CarLotz during the period from the execution of the CarLotz Merger Agreement to the closing of the merger, and iii) a significant decline in the market price of the Company's Class A common stock during the period from the execution of the Merger Agreement to the closing of the merger, which reduced the fair market value of the stock paid as consideration for the merger.

Pro forma information (unaudited)

The unaudited pro forma results presented below include the effects of the CarLotz Merger as if it had been consummated as of January 1, 2021, with adjustments to give effect to pro forma events that are directly attributable to the acquisition. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the pro forma adjustments include a reduction in stock-based compensation costs to reflect expected amortization of assumed equity awards and a reduction in amortization expense to reflect the revaluation of certain technology assets. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the pro forma adjustments include a reduction in stock-based compensation expense to reflect expected amortization of assumed equity awards, non-recurring transaction costs, and a gain on bargain purchase.

The unaudited pro forma results do not reflect any operating efficiency or potential cost savings which may result from the integration of CarLotz. Accordingly, these unaudited pro forma results are presented for informational purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of what the actual results of operation of the combined company would have been if the acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 2021.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Revenue	$	282,594
Loss from operations	(81,919)
Net loss	$	(80,305)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(4.88)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted	16,472,676

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PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

4. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Property and equipment, net consists of the following (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
Equipment	$	3,841	$	4,545
Furniture and fixtures	332		1,278
Leasehold improvements	929		4,334
Total property and equipment	5,102		10,157
Less: accumulated depreciation	(3,090)		(3,360)
Property and equipment, net	$	2,012	$	6,797

Depreciation expense related to property and equipment was $0.5 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Depreciation expense related to reconditioning facilities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was less than $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Depreciation expense related to reconditioning facilities is included in cost of sales with the remainder included in depreciation and amortization in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

We classified $2.4 million and $0.2 million of gross property and equipment and accumulated depreciation, respectively, as held-for-sale at March 31, 2023. In addition, the Company recognized an impairment charge that was partly allocated to property and equipment. See Note 15 - Impairment, Restructuring and Discontinued Operations for additional information

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LEASES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

LEASES

5. LEASES

The Company is a tenant under various operating and finance leases with third parties, including leases of office facilities, vehicle inspection, reconditioning locations, storage locations, and vehicle leases. The Company assesses whether each lease is an operating or finance lease at the lease commencement date.

The Company’s real estate leases often require it to make payments for maintenance in addition to rent as well as payments for real estate taxes, and insurance. Maintenance, real estate taxes, and insurance payments are generally variable costs which are based on actual expenses incurred by the lessor. Therefore, these amounts are generally not included in the consideration of the contract when determining the right-of-use asset and lease liability, but are reflected as variable lease expenses in the period incurred.

Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets and expense for these leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

As the rate implicit in the lease is generally not readily determinable for the Company’s operating leases, the discount rates used to determine the present value of the Company’s lease liabilities are based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date and commensurate with the remaining lease term. The incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the rate of interest the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term for an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.

The Company recognized a loss on impairment of operating lease right of use assets of $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. There was no loss on impairment of operating lease right of use assets for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

The balance sheet classification of leases is as follows (in thousands):

	Balance Sheet Classification	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Operating leases	Operating lease assets	$	28,366	$	44,568
	Operating and finance lease assets, property and equipment, accounts receivable, and other assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	9,706		9,572
Finance leases	Finance lease assets, net	112		152
	Operating and finance lease assets, property and equipment, accounts receivable, and other assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	180		4,155
Total lease assets		$	38,364	$	58,447
Liabilities
Operating leases	Operating lease liabilities, current	$	5,490	$	8,865
	Operating and finance lease liabilities and other liabilities associated with assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	14,918		10,138
	Operating lease liabilities, non-current	27,245		44,985
Total operating lease liabilities		$	47,653	$	63,988
Finance leases	Finance lease liabilities, current	$	50	$	271
	Operating and finance lease liabilities and other liabilities associated with assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	2,824		5,036
	Finance lease liabilities, non-current	1,496		3,989
Total finance lease liabilities		$	4,370	$	9,296
Total lease liabilities		$	52,023	$	73,284

The Company’s lease costs and activity were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022
Lease cost
Operating lease cost	$	9,241		$	2,162
Finance lease amortization	86			—
Finance lease interest	109			—
Short-term lease cost	168			832
Variable lease cost	455			185
Sublease income	(241)			—
Total lease cost	$	9,818		$	3,179
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities
Operating leases - Operating cash flows	$	3,746		$	1,925
Finance leases - Operating cash flows	$	731		$	—
Finance leases - Financing cash flows	$	180		$	—
Lease assets derecognized with the sale of lease liabilities
Operating leases	$	11,884		$	—
Finance leases	$	4,660		$	—
Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases (in years)	5.65			5.14
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases	8.53		%	7.30		%
Weighted average remaining lease term - finance leases (in years)	6.03			—
Weighted average discount rate - finance leases	11.10		%	—		%

Leases have remaining terms of 1 year to 13 years. There are no options that are reasonably certain to be exercised. Sublease income is derived from two subleases as of March 31, 2023

Operating and finance lease liabilities by maturity date from March 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

Year ended December 31,	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2023	$	9,198	$	592
2024	10,860		693
2025	9,456		708
2026	9,339		724
2027	9,353		680
Thereafter	13,935		4,091
Total minimum lease payments	$	62,141	$	7,488
Less: Imputed interest	14,488		3,118
Total lease liabilities	$	47,653	$	4,370

As of December 31, 2022, the Company guaranteed the lease obligation of two of its closed locations assigned to a third-party that operates a used vehicle dealership. The Company continues as guarantor of such lease obligations with maximum total payments of $4,669 and will continue as the guarantor of one of the leases through March 2031 and the other lease through September 2031. The Company would be required to perform under the guarantee if the third-party is in default. As of March 31, 2023, the Company does not anticipate any material defaults under the forgoing leases, and therefore, no liability has been accrued.

LEASES

5. LEASES

The Company is a tenant under various operating and finance leases with third parties, including leases of office facilities, vehicle inspection, reconditioning locations, storage locations, and vehicle leases. The Company assesses whether each lease is an operating or finance lease at the lease commencement date.

The Company’s real estate leases often require it to make payments for maintenance in addition to rent as well as payments for real estate taxes, and insurance. Maintenance, real estate taxes, and insurance payments are generally variable costs which are based on actual expenses incurred by the lessor. Therefore, these amounts are generally not included in the consideration of the contract when determining the right-of-use asset and lease liability, but are reflected as variable lease expenses in the period incurred.

Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets and expense for these leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

As the rate implicit in the lease is generally not readily determinable for the Company’s operating leases, the discount rates used to determine the present value of the Company’s lease liabilities are based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date and commensurate with the remaining lease term. The incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the rate of interest the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term for an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.

The Company recognized a loss on impairment of operating lease right of use assets of $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. There was no loss on impairment of operating lease right of use assets for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

The balance sheet classification of leases is as follows (in thousands):

	Balance Sheet Classification	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Operating leases	Operating lease assets	$	28,366	$	44,568
	Operating and finance lease assets, property and equipment, accounts receivable, and other assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	9,706		9,572
Finance leases	Finance lease assets, net	112		152
	Operating and finance lease assets, property and equipment, accounts receivable, and other assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	180		4,155
Total lease assets		$	38,364	$	58,447
Liabilities
Operating leases	Operating lease liabilities, current	$	5,490	$	8,865
	Operating and finance lease liabilities and other liabilities associated with assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	14,918		10,138
	Operating lease liabilities, non-current	27,245		44,985
Total operating lease liabilities		$	47,653	$	63,988
Finance leases	Finance lease liabilities, current	$	50	$	271
	Operating and finance lease liabilities and other liabilities associated with assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	2,824		5,036
	Finance lease liabilities, non-current	1,496		3,989
Total finance lease liabilities		$	4,370	$	9,296
Total lease liabilities		$	52,023	$	73,284

The Company’s lease costs and activity were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022
Lease cost
Operating lease cost	$	9,241		$	2,162
Finance lease amortization	86			—
Finance lease interest	109			—
Short-term lease cost	168			832
Variable lease cost	455			185
Sublease income	(241)			—
Total lease cost	$	9,818		$	3,179
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities
Operating leases - Operating cash flows	$	3,746		$	1,925
Finance leases - Operating cash flows	$	731		$	—
Finance leases - Financing cash flows	$	180		$	—
Lease assets derecognized with the sale of lease liabilities
Operating leases	$	11,884		$	—
Finance leases	$	4,660		$	—
Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases (in years)	5.65			5.14
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases	8.53		%	7.30		%
Weighted average remaining lease term - finance leases (in years)	6.03			—
Weighted average discount rate - finance leases	11.10		%	—		%

Leases have remaining terms of 1 year to 13 years. There are no options that are reasonably certain to be exercised. Sublease income is derived from two subleases as of March 31, 2023

Operating and finance lease liabilities by maturity date from March 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

Year ended December 31,	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2023	$	9,198	$	592
2024	10,860		693
2025	9,456		708
2026	9,339		724
2027	9,353		680
Thereafter	13,935		4,091
Total minimum lease payments	$	62,141	$	7,488
Less: Imputed interest	14,488		3,118
Total lease liabilities	$	47,653	$	4,370

As of December 31, 2022, the Company guaranteed the lease obligation of two of its closed locations assigned to a third-party that operates a used vehicle dealership. The Company continues as guarantor of such lease obligations with maximum total payments of $4,669 and will continue as the guarantor of one of the leases through March 2031 and the other lease through September 2031. The Company would be required to perform under the guarantee if the third-party is in default. As of March 31, 2023, the Company does not anticipate any material defaults under the forgoing leases, and therefore, no liability has been accrued.

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CAPITALIZED WEBSITE AND INTERNAL-USE SOFTWARE COSTS, NET

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

CAPITALIZED WEBSITE AND INTERNAL-USE SOFTWARE COSTS, NET

6. CAPITALIZED WEBSITE AND INTERNAL-USE SOFTWARE COSTS, NET

Capitalized website and internal use software costs, net consists of the following (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
Capitalized website domain costs – nonamortizable	$	385	$	385
Capitalized website and internal-use software development costs – amortizable	14,280		12,294
Less: accumulated amortization	(5,032)		(2,022)
Capitalized website and internal-use software development costs, net	$	9,633	$	10,657

Amortization of capitalized software development costs is included in depreciation and amortization in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Amortization of capitalized software development costs amounted to $3.2 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

As of March 31, 2023, the remaining weighted-average amortization period for internal-use capitalized software intangible assets was approximately 1.24 years.

The expected annual amortization expense to be recognized in future years as of March 31, 2023 consists of the following (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2023
2023	$	1,871
2024	2,488
2025	1,382
2026	58
Development in progress	3,449
Total amortizable costs	9,248
Nonamortizable costs	385
Total capitalized website and internal-use software development costs	$	9,633

The Company recognized an impairment charge that was partly allocated to internal-use capitalized software at December 31, 2022. See Note 15 - Impairment, Restructuring and Discontinued Operations for additional information.

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GOODWILL

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

GOODWILL

7. GOODWILL

On May 11, 2022 the Company acquired the Marketplace Assets for consideration totaling $15.4 million (see Note 3 - Business Combinations). The purchase price was allocated to tangible assets of $0.2 million and intangible assets of $12.7 million based on their fair values on the acquisition date. Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired. The excess of the purchase price over the amounts allocated to assets acquired was recorded to Goodwill, in the amount of $2.5 million, which was included in the retail segment.

Goodwill is not amortized but is tested at least annually or more frequently when events or circumstances change that would, more likely than not, reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. The Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine if it is not more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit is less than its carrying amount.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, there were no impairments or other changes in the carrying amount of goodwill. During the fourth fiscal quarter of 2022, management determined that indicators of impairment existed and performed a goodwill impairment test resulting in an impairment charge of $0.5 million. Management engaged third party valuation consultants to determine the fair value of the Retail segment (which also meets the definition of a reporting unit for goodwill impairment purposes). The fair value was determined using a market approach based on comparison to peer company valuation multiples.

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ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

8. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
Accrued payroll related costs	$	10,196	$	14,048
Provision for DMV refunds	1,089		1,080
Accrued sales taxes	212		3,957
Class A common stock subject to repurchase liability, current	34		44
Interest payable	2,742		960
Provision for sales returns and cancellations	3,146		4,304
Other accrued expenses	5,717		9,479
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	23,136	$	33,872

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we classified $0.3 million and $0.1 million of accrued expenses associated with a long-lived asset disposal group as held-for-sale. See Note 15 - Impairment, Restructuring and Discontinued Operations for further information.

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BORROWINGS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

BORROWINGS

9. BORROWINGS

Senior Unsecured Notes

On May 11, 2022, in connection with the Fair acquisition (see Note 3 - Business Combinations), the Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement (the “Note Purchase Agreement”) by and between the Company, each of the Company’s subsidiaries party thereto as guarantors (each, a “Guarantor” and, collectively, the “Guarantors”), and SB LL Holdco, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“SB LL Holdco”). Pursuant to the Note Purchase Agreement and the terms and conditions set forth therein, the Company agreed to issue and sell, and SB LL Holdco agreed to purchase, 6.00% Senior Unsecured Notes due May 11, 2025 with a principal amount of $20.0 million (the “Senior Unsecured Notes”) in a private placement in reliance on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).

The Senior Unsecured Notes bear interest at a rate of 6.00% per annum and will mature on May 11, 2025. The Company may, at its option, prepay the Senior Unsecured Notes in their entirety (i) if prior to November 11, 2024, at 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to (but excluding) such date and a premium specified therein, or (ii) if on or after November 11, 2024, at 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to (but excluding) such date. The Senior Unsecured Notes are senior unsecured indebtedness of the Company.

As of March 31, 2023, discounts and deferred borrowing costs related to the Senior Unsecured Notes totaled $1.9 million and $0.2 million, respectively, and are included as a reduction to long-term debt, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company had $0.3 million of contractual interest expense and $0.2 million of discount and deferred borrowing cost amortization, with both recorded to interest and other expense, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The estimated fair value of the Senior Unsecured Notes (Level 2) as of March 31, 2023 was $17.1 million.

Convertible Notes

On May 27, 2021, the Company completed a private offering of its 4.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (the “Notes”). The aggregate principal amount of the Notes sold in the offering was $150.0 million. The Notes are the Company’s senior unsecured obligations and will rank equally in right of payment with the Company’s future senior unsecured indebtedness, senior in right of payment to the Company’s future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated to the Notes and effectively subordinated to the Company’s future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness.

The Notes accrue interest payable semi-annually in arrears at a rate of 4.75% per year. The Notes will mature on May 15, 2026, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased by the Company.

The Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at an initial conversion rate of 11.8654 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes (which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $84.28 per share of the Company’s Class A common stock). The initial conversion price represents a premium of approximately 27.47% over the last reported sale price of the Company’s Class A common stock on May 24, 2021, which was $66.10 per share. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events prior to the maturity date. The Company will increase the conversion rate on a sliding scale to up to a maximum of 15.1284 per $1,000 principal amount for a holder who elects to convert its notes in connection with certain corporate events or the Company’s delivery of a notice of redemption, as the case may be, in certain circumstances.

Noteholders may convert their Notes at their option only in the following circumstances:

1.during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2021, if the last reported sale price per share of our Class A common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for each of at least 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter;

2.during the 5 consecutive business days immediately after any 10 consecutive trading day period (such 10 consecutive trading day period, the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price per share of our Class A common stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on such trading day;

3.upon the occurrence of certain corporate events or distributions on our Class A common stock;

4.if we call such Notes for redemption; and

5.at any time from, and including, November 15, 2025 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date.

Conversions of the Notes will be settled in cash, shares of the Company's Class A common stock or a combination thereof, at the Company's election.

The Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part (subject to a partial redemption limitation), at the Company’s option at any time, and from time to time, on or after May 20, 2024 and on or before the 40th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date, but only if (i) the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class A common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (1) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice; and (2) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such notice; and (ii) a registration statement covering the resale of the shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, if any, issuable upon conversion of the Notes in connection with such optional redemption is effective and available for use and is expected, as of the date the redemption notice is sent, to remain effective and available during the period from, and including the date the redemption notice is sent to, and including, the business day immediately before the related redemption date, unless the Company elects cash settlement in respect of the conversions in connection with such optional redemption.

In addition, calling any Note for redemption will constitute a make-whole fundamental change with respect to that Note, in which case the conversion rate applicable to the conversion of that Note will be increased in certain circumstances if it is converted after it is called for redemption and on or prior to the business day immediately before the related redemption date. If the Company elects to redeem less than all of the outstanding Notes, at least $50.0 million aggregate principal amount of Notes must be outstanding and not subject to redemption as of the date the Company sends the related redemption notice.

Unamortized deferred borrowing costs at March 31, 2023 were $4.2 million, and are included as a reduction to long-term debt, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded $1.8 million of contractual interest expense and $0.3 million of deferred borrowing cost amortization, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded $2.1 million of contractual interest expense and $0.3 million, respectively, of deferred borrowing cost amortization. Contractual interest expense and deferred borrowing cost amortization was recorded to interest and other expense, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The effective interest rate of the Notes is 5.73%.

The estimated fair value of the Notes (Level 2) at March 31, 2023 was $15.3 million.

The Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the sale of the notes to pay the cost of the Capped Call Transactions (see Note 11 - Stockholders' Deficit), and is using the remaining proceeds for working capital and general corporate purposes.

Ally Flooring Line of Credit

On December 9, 2021, the Company entered into a $100.0 million flooring line of credit facility with Ally Bank to finance its used vehicle inventory (the “Ally FLOC”), which is secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets. Borrowings under the Ally FLOC bear interest at the Prime Rate (as defined in the agreement) plus 1.50%.

Under the Ally FLOC, repayment of amounts drawn for the purchase of a vehicle should generally be made as soon as practicable after selling or otherwise disposing of the vehicles. Outstanding balances related to vehicles held in inventory for more than 180 days require monthly principal payments equal to 10% of the original principal amount of that vehicle until the remaining outstanding balance is 50% (or less) of the original principal balance. Prepayments may be made without incurring a premium or penalty. Additionally, the Company is permitted to make prepayments to the lender to be held as principal payments and subsequently reborrow such amounts.

The Ally FLOC requires the Company to maintain unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of not less than 20% of the total credit line, and to maintain an additional restricted cash balance equal to 10% of the total credit line. Additionally, the Ally FLOC requires the company to maintain at least 10% equity in the Company’s total inventory balance. As of March 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all covenants related to the Ally FLOC.

Additionally, the Company is required to pay an availability fee each calendar quarter if the average outstanding balance for such quarter is less than 50% of the average total credit line for such quarter. The Company was required to pay an upfront commitment fee upon execution of the Ally FLOC.

Effective as of February 7, 2023 (the “Effective Date”), the Company amended the Ally FLOC to (i) join the CarLotz Borrowers as borrowers under the Ally FLOC and terminate the inventory financing arrangement between the CarLotz Borrowers and the Ally Parties that was entered into prior to the Company’s acquisition of CarLotz, (ii) reduce the maximum available credit line under the Ally FLOC from $100 million to $75 million and (iii) require the Borrowers to make monthly principal reduction payments for each vehicle subject to the floor plan for more than 150 days rather than 180 days. In addition, effective February 1, 2023, the First Amendment increases the per annum interest rate applicable to Advances (as defined in the Ally Facility) to be equal to the prime rate designated from time to time by Ally Bank plus 175 basis points (from 150 basis points).

As of March 31, 2023, the interest rate on borrowings outstanding under the Ally FLOC was 9.50%. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had an outstanding balance under the facility of $22.2 million and $52.8 million of unused capacity. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had an outstanding balance under the facility of $24.8 million and $75.2 million in unused capacity.

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation

The Company may be subject to legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. Other than the matters discussed below, Management is not currently aware of any matters that will have a material effect on the financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of the Company.

Stifel matter

On May 7, 2021, we were named in a lawsuit filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Inc. v. Shift Technologies, Inc. 21-cv-04135) by a former financial advisor, Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Inc. (“Stifel”), claiming that we are required to pay the former financial advisor certain compensation as a result of the IAC Merger. In addition, the complaint seeks punitive damages as a result of alleged unjust enrichment for the amount of the benefits allegedly conferred on Shift by Stifel. On August 24, 2022, Stifel's suit was dismissed with prejudice. On September 16, 2022, Stifel filed a Notice of Appeal with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and formally filed its appeal with the Second Circuit on January 20, 2023. Shift filed its responsive pleading on April 20, 2023. Following the dismissal of Stifel's initial suit, the probable incurred losses related to the claim are immaterial as of March 31, 2023. Based on such information as is available to us, the range of additional reasonably possible losses related to the claim does not exceed $4.0 million, excluding any punitive damages which the Company cannot currently estimate. The Company believes the claim is without merit and intends to defend itself vigorously; however, there can be no assurances that the Company will be successful in its defense.

CarLotz stockholder matters

On November 4, 2022, a lawsuit entitled Derek Dorrien v. CarLotz, Inc. et al., Case No. 1:22-cv-09463, was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against CarLotz and the members of the CarLotz board of directors (the “Dorrien Action”). On November 4, 2022, a lawsuit entitled Sholom D. Keller v. CarLotz, Inc. et al., Case No. 2022-1006-NAC, was filed in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware against CarLotz and the members of the CarLotz board of directors (the “Keller Action” and together with the Dorrien Action, the “Actions”). The Dorrien Action alleges that the defendants violated Sections 14(a) (and Rule 14a-9 promulgated thereunder) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act by, among other things, omitting certain allegedly material information with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement (the “Transactions”) in the registration statement on Form S-4 (the “Registration Statement”) filed by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 26, 2022. The Keller Action alleges that the members of the CarLotz board of directors and Lev Peker, in his capacity as an officer of CarLotz, breached their fiduciary duties in connection with the Transactions. The Actions seek, among other things, injunctive relief, money damages and the costs of the Actions, including reasonable attorneys’ and experts’ fees. We believe that the plaintiffs’ allegations in the Actions are without merit; however, litigation is inherently uncertain and there can be no assurance that CarLotz’s or our defense of the action will be successful.

In addition, on October 3, 2022, a purported stockholder of CarLotz sent a demand to CarLotz and us regarding the Registration Statement (the “CarLotz Stockholder Demand”). The CarLotz Stockholder Demand alleges the Registration Statement omits material information with respect to the Transactions and demands that CarLotz, the CarLotz board of directors, and Shift provide corrective disclosures. Shift disagrees with and intends to vigorously defend against any claim, if asserted, arising from the CarLotz Stockholder Demand.

Delaware Section 205 Petition

On March 6, 2023, Shift filed a petition in the Delaware Court of Chancery under Section 205 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) to resolve potential uncertainty with respect to the Company’s share capital. Such uncertainty was introduced by a recent decision in Garfield v. Boxed, Inc., 2022 WL 17959766 (Del. Ch. Dec. 27, 2022) that potentially affects the Company and many other similarly situated companies that were formed and became publicly traded as a special purpose acquisition company (“SPAC”). Out of an abundance of caution, the Company elected to pursue the remedial actions described below. Concurrently with the filing of the Petition, the Company filed a motion to expedite the hearing on the Petition, which was subsequently granted on March 6, 2023.

In October 2020, the Company, which was then a SPAC named Insurance Acquisition Corp. (“IAC”), held a special meeting of stockholders (the “IAC Special Meeting”) to approve certain matters relating to the merger between IAC and a privately held company then called Shift Technologies, Inc. One of these matters was a proposal to amend and restate IAC’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “SPAC Charter”) in order to, among other things, increase the number of authorized shares of Class A common stock from 50,000,000 to 500,000,000 (such proposal, the “Share Increase Proposal” and, together with such other amendments to the SPAC Charter, the “Charter Proposals”). At the IAC Special Meeting, the Charter Proposals were approved by a majority of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock and a majority of the outstanding shares of Class B common stock of IAC as of the record date for the IAC Special Meeting, voting together as a single class. After the IAC Special Meeting, IAC and Shift Technologies, Inc. closed the merger pursuant to which the Company became the parent of Shift Technologies, Inc. (now named Shift Platform, Inc.), and the Company’s certificate of incorporation, as amended to give effect to the Charter Proposals and to change the Company’s name to Shift Technologies, Inc., became effective.

The recent ruling by the Delaware Court of Chancery in the Boxed case introduced uncertainty as to whether Section 242(b)(2) of the DGCL would have required the Share Increase Proposal to be approved by the vote of the majority of IAC’s then-outstanding shares of Class A common stock, voting as a separate class. The Company had been operating with the understanding that the Charter Proposals were validly approved at the IAC Special Meeting. In light of this recent ruling, however, to resolve potential uncertainty with respect to the Company’s share capital, the Company filed a petition in the Delaware Court of Chancery under Section 205 of the DGCL to seek validation of the Charter Proposals. Section 205 of the DGCL permits the Court of Chancery, in its discretion, to ratify and validate potentially defective corporate acts.

On March 6, 2023, the Court of Chancery granted the motion to expedite and set a hearing date for the Petition to be heard. On March 17, 2023, the hearing took place and the Court of Chancery approved the Company’s request for relief. The Court of Chancery then entered an order under Section 205 of the DGCL on March 17, 2023, declaring (i) the increase in aggregate number of authorized shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001, of the Company from 50,000,000 to 500,000,000 under the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) and the Certificate of Incorporation, including the filing and effectiveness thereof, are validated and declared effective retroactive to the date of its filing with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on October 13, 2020 and (2) all shares of capital stock of the Company issued in reliance on the effectiveness of the Certificate of Incorporation are validated and declared effective as of the date and time of the original issuance of such shares.

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STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT

11. STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT

Nasdaq Deficiency Letter and Reverse Stock Split

On October 4, 2022, the Company received a deficiency letter from the Listing Qualifications Department (the “Staff”) of The Nasdaq Capital Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) notifying us that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, the bid price for our Class A common stock had closed below the $1.00 per share minimum bid price requirement for continued inclusion on the Nasdaq Global Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1) (the "Bid Price Requirement"). Under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A) (the "Compliance Period Rule"), we have a 180-calendar day grace period, or until April 3, 2023 (the “Compliance Date”), to regain compliance with the Bid Price Requirement. During this period, our Class A common stock will continue to trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market. If at any time before the Compliance Date the bid price of Class A common stock closes at or above $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days as required under the Compliance Period Rule, the Staff will provide written notification to the Company that it has regained compliance with the Bid Price Requirement (unless the Staff exercises its discretion to extend this 10 business day period pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(H)).

At the Company’s Special Meeting of Stockholders held on December 7, 2022, the Company’s stockholders approved a proposal to authorize a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock, at a ratio within the range of 1-for-5 to 1-for-10. The Board approved a 1-for-10 reverse split ratio, and on March 7, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Charter Amendment”) to effect the reverse split effective March 8, 2023. On March 22, 2023, the Company was notified by Nasdaq that the Company has regained compliance with the Bid Price Requirement.

Capped Call Transactions

On May 27, 2021, in connection with the issuance of the Notes (see Note 9 - Borrowings), the Company consummated privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “Capped Call Transactions”) with certain of the initial purchasers, their respective affiliates and other counterparties (the "Capped Call Counterparties"). The Capped Call Transactions initially cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the Notes, the number of the Company’s Class A common shares underlying the Notes. The Capped Call Transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to holders of the Company’s Class A common stock upon conversion of the Notes and/or offset the potential cash payments that the Company could be required to make in excess of the principal amount of any converted Notes upon conversion thereof, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap. The Capped Call Transactions are settled from time to time upon the conversion of the Notes, with a final expiration date of May 15, 2026. The Capped Call Transactions are settled in the same proportion of cash and stock as the converted Notes. The proportion of cash and stock used to settle the Notes is at the discretion of the Company.

The cap price of the Capped Call Transactions was initially approximately $148.725 per share, which represents a premium of approximately 125% above the last reported sale price per share of Class A common stock on Nasdaq on May 24, 2021, and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the Capped Call Transactions.

The Capped Call Transactions are separate transactions entered into by the Company with the Capped Call Counterparties, are not part of the terms of the Notes and will not change any holder’s rights under the Notes. Holders of the Notes will not have any rights with respect to the Capped Call Transactions.

The Company used approximately $28.4 million of the net proceeds from the offering of the Notes to pay the cost of the Capped Call Transactions. The Capped Call Transactions do not meet the criteria for separate accounting as a derivative as they are indexed to the Company's stock. The premiums paid for the Capped Call Transactions have been included as a net reduction to additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The settlement amount of the Capped Call Transactions at March 31, 2023 was zero. The settlement amount shall be greater than zero if the volume weighted average price ("VWAP") of the Company's Class A common stock is above $84.30 at any time over the 40 consecutive trading days immediately prior to settlement.

At-the-Market Offering

On May 6, 2022, the Company entered into a Controlled Equity OfferingSM Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”), with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (the “Agent”), pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, at its option, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $150.0 million (the “Placement Shares”), through the Agent, as its sales agent, from time to time at prevailing market prices in an “at-the-market offering” within the meaning of Rule 415 of the Securities Act, including sales made to the public directly on or through The Nasdaq Capital Market and any other trading market for shares of our Class A common stock (the “Offering”). Due to the Company's change at December 31, 2022 to a non-accelerated filer, the amount that can be raised through an offering is limited by Nasdaq requirements.

Under the Sales Agreement, the Company may from time to time deliver placement notices to the Agent designating the number of Placement Shares and the minimum price per share thereof to be offered. However, subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement, the Agent is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of Placement Shares but will act as Agent using their commercially reasonable efforts consistent with their normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market. The Company or the Agent may suspend the offering of Placement Shares by notifying the other party. The Offering will terminate after the sale of all of the Placement Shares subject to the Sales Agreement, or sooner in accordance with the Sales Agreement, upon proper notice by us and/or the Agents or by mutual agreement. The Company will pay the Agent a commission of up to 3.0% of the gross sales price of the shares of the Placement Shares sold under the Sales Agreement.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had not sold any shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement. The Company's ability to raise capital under the ATM is currently constrained by restrictions on the Company's use of shelf registration statements.

CarLotz Warrants

As part of the CarLotz Merger, the Company assumed 718,342 public and 428,385 private warrants to purchase the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $163.06 related to CarLotz's prior merger with Acamar Partners.

Additionally, former CarLotz equity holders at the closing of CarLotz's previous merger are entitled to receive up to an additional 489,841 earnout shares. The earnout period expires on January 21, 2026 (the "Forfeiture Date") and the earnout shares will be issued if any of the following conditions are achieved:

i.If at any time prior to the Forfeiture Date, the closing trading price of the common stock is greater than $177.24 over any 20 trading days within any 30 trading day period (the “First Threshold”), the Company will issue 50% of the earnout shares.

ii.If at any time prior to the Forfeiture Date, the closing trading price of the common stock is greater than $212.69 over any 20 trading days within any 30 trading day period (the “Second Threshold”), the Company will issue 50% of the earnout shares.

iii.If either the First Threshold or the Second Threshold is not met on or before the Forfeiture Date, any unissued earnout shares are forfeited. All unissued earnout shares will be issued if there is a change of control of the Company that will result in the holders of the common stock receiving a per share price equal to or in excess of $141.80 (as equitably adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, special cash dividends, reorganizations, combinations, recapitalizations and similar transactions affecting the common stock) prior to the Forfeiture Date.

The liabilities associated with the warrants and earnout shares were immaterial as of March 31, 2023. There was not a material change in the fair value of the liabilities between the Merger Date and March 31, 2023.

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SEGMENT INFORMATION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

SEGMENT INFORMATION

12. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company currently is organized into two reportable segments: Retail and Wholesale. The Retail segment represents retail sales of used vehicles through the Company’s ecommerce platform and fees earned on sales of value-added products associated with those vehicles sales such as vehicle service contracts, guaranteed asset protection waiver coverage, prepaid maintenance plans, and appearance protection plans. The Wholesale segment represents sales of used vehicles through wholesale auctions or directly to a wholesaler (“DTW”).

No operating segments have been aggregated to form the reportable segments. The Company determined its operating segments based on how the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) reviews the Company’s operating results in assessing performance and allocating resources. The CODM is the Chief Executive Officer. The CODM reviews revenue and gross profit for each of the reportable segments. Gross profit is defined as revenue less cost of sales incurred by the segment. The CODM does not evaluate operating segments using asset information as these are managed on an enterprise-wide group basis. Accordingly, the Company does not report segment asset information. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have sales to customers outside the United States. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any assets located outside of the United States.

Information about the Company’s reportable segments are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Revenue from external customers
Retail	$	50,559	$	191,793
Wholesale	3,549		27,787
Consolidated	$	54,108	$	219,580
Segment gross profit (loss)
Retail	$	3,929	$	10,926
Wholesale	(765)		(138)
Consolidated	$	3,164	$	10,788

The reconciliation between reportable segment gross profit to loss before income taxes is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Segment gross profit	$	3,164	$	10,788
Selling, general and administrative expenses	(42,591)		(63,537)
Depreciation and amortization	(4,399)		(1,680)
Loss on impairment	(931)		—
Interest and other expense, net	(2,791)		(2,578)
Loss before income taxes	$	(47,548)	$	(57,007)

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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

13. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

The Company’s 2014 Stock Option Plan (the “2014 Plan”) provides for the grant of restricted stock awards and incentive and non-qualified options and to purchase Class A common stock to officers, employees, directors, and consultants. Options granted to employees and non-employees generally vest ratably over four to five years, with a maximum contractual term of ten years. Outstanding awards under the 2014 Plan continue to be subject to the terms and conditions of the 2014 Plan. The number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2014 Plan was reduced to the number of shares subject to awards outstanding under the 2014 Plan immediately after the IAC Merger. As a result, no further awards will be made under the 2014 Plan. Shares reserved for awards that are subsequently expired or forfeited will no longer be returned to the pool of shares authorized for issuance under the 2014 Plan.

At the Company's special meeting of stockholders held on October 13, 2020, the stockholders approved the 2020 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan (the "2020 Plan"). The 2020 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and non-qualified stock option, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), restricted share awards, stock appreciation awards, and cash-based awards to employees, directors, and consultants of the Company. Awards under the 2020 Plan expire no more than ten years from the date of grant. The 2020 Plan became effective immediately upon the closing of the IAC Merger.

In June 2022, the Company's Compensation Committee adopted the 2022 Employment Inducement Plan and granted at total of 46,165 inducement RSU awards to form Fair employees joining the Company following the acquisition of the Marketplace Assets (see Note 3 - Business Combinations). The grants of restricted stock units were promised to each of the employees in their employment agreements or offer letters with the Company as a material inducement to employment in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4). All awards will vest subject to continued employment and vest on May 20, 2023.

In December 2022, the Company assumed various stock plans in connection with the CarLotz Merger (the "CarLotz Plans"). Outstanding awards under the CarLotz Plans continue to be subject to the terms and conditions of the CarLotz Plans. The number of shares authorized for issuance under the CarLotz Plans was reduced to the number of shares subject to awards outstanding under the CarLotz Plans immediately after the CarLotz Merger.

Activity related to employee and non-employee stock options for all plans is set forth below:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (000’s)
As of December 31, 2022	519,323	$	26.02	4.95	$	1
Granted	—	—
Exercised	—	—
Forfeited	(4,927)	31.99
Cancelled (expired)	(117,025)	70.05
As of March 31, 2023	397,371	$	12.98	5.95	$	—
Exercisable as of March 31, 2023	393,867	$	12.84	5.94	$	—

Activity related to employee and non-employee RSU awards is set forth below:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (000’s)
Unvested as of December 31, 2022	486,054	$	29.30	1.01	$	724
Granted	123,688	2.16
Vested	(35,796)	37.70
Forfeited	(89,298)	20.69
Unvested as of March 31, 2023	484,648	$	23.27	0.81	$	543
Vested and unreleased	22,673
Outstanding as of March 31, 2023	507,321

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense to selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss of $1.2 million and $4.2 million, respectively. In addition, the Company capitalized stock-based compensation costs for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 of $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, to capitalized website and internal use software costs, net.

As of March 31, 2023, there was $9.0 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.21 years.

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

14. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Sales to Related Parties

The Company operated a one-sided marketplace (“OSM”) program whereby the Company acquired cars from various sources in Oxnard, California and sold them directly and solely to Lithia. The Company invoiced Lithia based on the purchase price of the car plus an agreed upon margin. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized zero and $4.7 million, respectively, of sales from the OSM agreement with Lithia. The OSM program was terminated in the second quarter of 2022 with the last sale to Lithia taking place in March 2022.

Accounts Receivable from Related Party

In September 2018, the Company entered into a warrant agreement (the “Warrant Agreement”) and a commercial agreement for Milestone 1 with Lithia and granted Lithia a warrant to purchase 8,666,154 shares of Legacy Shift common stock at an exercise price of $0.10 per share (the “Warrant Shares”). The Warrant Shares were scheduled to vest and become exercisable in six separate tranches of 1,444,359 shares each. Vesting and exercisability was dependent upon the achievement of the Milestones, as defined below. While the Warrant Agreement establishes general vesting terms for each of the six Milestones, each of the six Milestones contains substantive service or performance requirements, and were non-binding as neither the Company nor Lithia were obligated to perform until the commercial agreement associated with each Milestone was executed. All Warrant Shares became vested prior to the Vesting Termination Date and were exercised prior to the IAC Merger.

In connection with the negotiations related to Milestone 5, Lithia facilitated an agreement with Automotive Warranty Services (“AWS”) to sell and market AWS’s service plans, whereby the Company receives commission rates from AWS of comparable terms to those received by Lithia. In substance the Company paid Lithia, in the form of Warrant Shares, to make an upfront payment to Company’s customers on behalf of the Company as the Company achieved favorable pricing from AWS. The benefits of this agreement were guaranteed by Lithia for an initial term of five years commencing on the signing date of the agreement. Such arrangement was the first of a number of agreements to be entered into under the terms of Milestone 5 (see further discussion below). The estimated fair value of the in substance upfront payment to AWS was $2.8 million with an offsetting entry recorded to additional paid-in capital, representing a capital transaction with a related party.

Milestone 5 was met in October 2019 and the Company recorded the warrants to additional paid-in capital based on a fair value of $4.3 million. Milestone 5 was achieved after a mutual signed agreement was entered into evidencing that Lithia provided commercially best efforts to help the Company secure and maintain access to four finance and insurance products on par with a typical Lithia store. The fair value of the in substance upfront payment, other than the $2.8 million for AWS discussed above, was $0.4 million and was recorded to other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The combined asset recorded of $3.2 million is subject to amortization over a five-year period expected period of benefit. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 the Company amortized $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively of the asset as a reduction to finance and insurance sales, which is recorded within other revenue, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the remaining asset, net of amortization, was zero and $0.6 million, respectively.

In February 2023, the contract obtained pursuant to Milestone 5 was terminated, and the remaining $0.5 million of the Milestone 5 asset was expensed to selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Accounts Payable Due to Related Party

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 payables and accruals to Lithia consisted of other miscellaneous expenses of $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

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IMPAIRMENT, RESTRUCTURING AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

IMPAIRMENT, RESTRUCTURING AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

15. IMPAIRMENT, RESTRUCTURING AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

During the fourth fiscal quarter of 2022, management identified indicators of impairment, including declines in our market capitalization, rising interest rates, and other unfavorable macroeconomic and industry factors, and performed a test for recoverability for each of the Company's pre-CarLotz Merger asset groups. Assets acquired as part of the CarLotz Merger were recorded at fair value on the acquisition date (see Note 3 - Business Combinations). Asset groups consisted of one asset group containing all operating assets and liabilities of the Company (the "Operating Asset Group"), and separate assets groups each containing a single closed facility that is subleased or held for sublease (the "Sublease Asset Groups"). The Operating Asset Group and certain Sublease Asset Groups were determined not to be recoverable, and as such management determined the fair value of these asset groups. The Operating Asset Group was valued with the assistance of third-party valuation specialists using a market approach based on comparison to peer company valuation multiples. The Sublease Asset Groups were valued using the income approach based on discounted estimated cash flows from subleasing the properties.

The Operating Asset Group and one of the Sublease Asset Groups were determined to have carrying values in excess of their fair values. As such, the Company measured a loss on impairment equal to the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of each impaired asset group. The loss on impairment was allocated to the assets within each respective asset group, except that no individual asset was reduced below its individual fair value. Within the Operating Asset Group, the fair value of individual assets was determined with the assistance of third party valuation specialists. Right of use assets were valued using the market approach, based on comparison to similar leased properties. Capitalized internal use software was valued using the relief-from-royalty approach, which involves the estimation of an amount of hypothetical royalty savings enjoyed by the entity that owns an intangible asset because that entity is relieved from having to license that intangible asset from another owner. Property and equipment was valued using the cost approach based on secondary market values of similar assets. Within the impaired Sublease Asset Group, the fair value of the impaired right of use asset was determined using the income approach based on discounted estimated cash flows from subleasing the properties.

The Company recognized a loss on impairment of long-lived assets related to various Sublease Asset Groups of $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. There was no loss on impairment of long lived assets for the three months ended March 31, 2022. All impaired asset groups were contained in the Retail segment.

Facility Closures and Reduction in Force

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company reduced its total headcount by approximately 42% as a result of continued efforts to improve overhead efficiency and elimination of redundancies resulting from the CarLotz Merger. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the reduction in force resulted in total new cash charges of approximately $0.9 million, consisting primarily of severance and related personnel reduction costs included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. In addition, the Company closed its facility in Downers Grove, Illinois and the former CarLotz headquarters facility in Richmond, Virginia.

Restructuring Plan

On July 22, 2022, the Company's Board approved the implementation of the Restructuring Plan designed to position the Company for long-term profitable growth by prioritizing unit economics, reducing operating expenses and maximizing liquidity. As part of the Restructuring Plan, the Company consolidated Shift’s physical operations to three West Coast locations in Los Angeles, Oakland, and Portland, closing seven existing facilities. The Company also restructured its workforce around the reduced physical footprint, eliminating approximately 650 positions or 60% of its workforce. The restructuring was substantially complete as of September 30, 2022. There were no restructuring charges recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The following table is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending severance liability for the three months ended March 31, 2023 related to the Restructuring Plan:

Balance at December 31, 2022	$	794
Accruals and accrual adjustments	—
Cash payments	(161)
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	633

Commutation of Reinsurance Contracts

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company commuted all reinsurance contracts issued by the Company's Orange Peel Protection Reinsurance, Ltd. subsidiary. The commutation resulted in transfer of the Company's reinsurance-related assets and liabilities to the counterparty, in exchange for net cash consideration of $0.2 million. In connection with the commutation, the Company recognized a loss on disposal of $0.1 million included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

In connection with the acquisition of CarLotz, the Company acquired several real estate leaseholds. A plan of sale related to several of these real estate leases as well as certain assets and liabilities of the Orange Grove Fleet Solutions, LLC ("Orange Grove") subsidiary was adopted in December 2022. Orange Grove and three retail locations sold during the three months ended March 31, 2023 were determined to meet the criteria for classification as discontinued operations. The discontinued operations are included in the Retail and Wholesale segments. The impact on net loss of these leases and subsidiaries held for sale was immaterial for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Additional leasehold and related assets were classified as held for sale during the three months ended March 31, 2023. None of the assets and liabilities initially classified as held for sale during the three months ended March 31, 2023 met the criteria to be classified as discontinued operations. The Company recognized a loss on disposal of $3.1 million in connection with assets classified as held for sale during three months ended March 31, 2023. The loss on disposal was recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

On February 2, 2023, the Company entered into and closed on an Asset Purchase Agreement with a private dealership group, pursuant to which the counterparty agreed to purchase the inventory and the lease-related assets and liabilities of the three retail locations for net cash consideration of $0.4 million.

The following table presents the loss associated with the sale, presented in the results of our discontinued operations below, in thousands:

Gross purchase price	$	434
Net assets sold	(820)
Loss on disposal	$	(386)

The carrying value of the net assets classified as discontinued operations sold during the period were as follows, in thousands:

Assets
Inventory	$	606
Security deposits	57
Property, plant, and equipment	306
Operating lease assets	1,577
Total assets	$	2,546
Liabilities
Operating lease liabilities	$	1,726
Total liabilities	$	1,726
Net assets sold	$	820

The following table presents components making up the balance sheets line item consisting of the carrying amount of assets and liabilities classified as held for sale and the aggregate amounts of the classes of assets and liabilities of the facilities and entities classified as discontinued operations, in thousands:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Held for sale:
Operating lease assets	$	7,813	$	5,634
Finance lease assets, net	—		3,960
Total held for sale assets	7,813		9,594
Discontinued Operations:
Accounts receivable, net	460		689
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	217		226
Property and equipment, net	2,186		2,584
Operating lease assets	1,893		3,938
Finance lease assets, net	180		195
Total discontinued operations assets	4,936		7,632
Total held for sale and discontinued operations assets	$	12,749	$	17,226
Liabilities
Held for sale:
Operating lease liabilities	$	13,018	$	6,016
Finance lease liabilities	2,641		4,843
Total held for sale liabilities	15,659		10,859
Discontinued Operations:
Accounts payable	65		70
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	272		131
Operating lease liabilities	1,900		4,122
Finance lease liabilities	183		193
Other non-current liabilities	80		87
Total discontinued operations liabilities	2,500		4,603
Total held for sale and discontinued operations liabilities	$	18,159	$	15,462

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INCOME TAXES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

INCOME TAXES

16. INCOME TAXES

The Company recorded a provision for income taxes of $0.1 million and $41 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company continues to maintain a full valuation allowance for its net U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets.

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NET LOSS PER SHARE

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

NET LOSS PER SHARE

17. NET LOSS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of net loss per share, basic and diluted:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	2023		2022
Net loss	$	(48,097)	$	(57,048)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted	16,920,600		8,182,525
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(2.84)	$	(6.97)

The following potentially dilutive shares were not included in the calculation of diluted shares outstanding for the periods presented as the effect would have been anti-dilutive:

	As of March 31,
	2023	2022
Escrow Shares	300,010	300,010
Public and private warrants	1,146,727	—
Earnout Shares	489,841	—
Convertible Notes	1,779,834	1,779,834
Stock options	397,371	156,302
Restricted stock units	507,321	748,162
Contingently repurchasable early exercise shares	813	4,800
Total	4,621,917	2,989,108

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SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

18. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and determined that there have been no events that have occurred that would require adjustments to our disclosures in the condensed consolidated financial statements, except for the following:

Review of Strategic Alternatives

On May 11, 2023, we announced that our Board of Directors is exploring and evaluating strategic alternatives to enhance stockholder value, which may include (but may not be limited to) exploring a potential sale of certain operating businesses, third party investment or partnership opportunities and/or funding alternatives for our marketplace business, or the continued execution of our business plans. There is no set timetable for completion of the evaluation process, and we do not intend to provide updates or make any comments regarding the evaluation of strategic alternatives, unless our Board of Directors has approved a specific transaction or otherwise deems disclosure appropriate.

There can be no assurance that any such transaction will be pursued or consummated. We may also incur substantial costs in connection with the pursuit of strategic alternatives which are not ultimately consummated. Also, there are risks inherent with the consummation of any such transaction, such as the risks that the expected enhancement of shareholder value may not be realized, that unexpected liabilities may result from such transaction and that the process of consummating or the effects of consummating such a transaction may cause interruption or slow down the operations of our existing or continuing businesses.

Convertible Notes

On May 16, 2023, the Company announced that it is utilizing the contractual 30-day grace period with respect to the interest payment due on May 15, 2023 on its convertible notes. The Company and its advisors plan to communicate with debt holders to explore restructuring options.

Nasdaq Market Capitalization Deficiency Letter

On April 19, 2023, Nasdaq staff (the "Staff") notified the Company that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, the Company’s Market Value of Listed Securities ("MVLS") was below the minimum of $35 million required for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(2) (the “Market Value Standard”). The Company has a period of 180 calendar days from the date of the notice, or until October 16, 2023 (the “Compliance Date”), to regain compliance with the Market Value Standard. During this period, Class A common stock will continue to trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market. If at any time before the Compliance Date the Company’s MVLS closes at or above $35 million for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days as required under the Market Value Standard, the Staff will notify the Company it has regained compliance and the matter will be closed. If the Company does not regain compliance with the Market Value Standard by the Compliance Date, the Staff will provide a written notification to the Company that Class A common stock will be subject to delisting. At that time, the Company may appeal the Staff’s delisting determination to a Hearings Panel (the “Panel”). However, there can be no assurance that, if the Company receives a delisting notice and appeals the delisting determination by the Staff to the Panel, such appeal would be successful. The Company intends to monitor its MVLS between now and the Compliance Date, and may, if appropriate, evaluate available options to resolve the deficiency under the Market Value Standard and regain compliance with the Market Value Standard.

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

Our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. In the opinion of management, the interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for fair financial statement presentation.

The interim condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, condensed consolidated statements of stockholders' equity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, and amounts relating to the interim periods included in the accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. The unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements contained in the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, and in management’s opinion, reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for the fair financial statement presentation of the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2023, and its results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the fiscal year or any other periods. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on March 31, 2023.

At the Company’s Special Meeting of Stockholders held on December 7, 2022, the Company’s stockholders approved a proposal to authorize a reverse stock split of the Company’s Class A common stock, at a ratio within the range of 1-for-5 to 1-for-10. The Board approved a 1-for-10 reverse split ratio, and on March 7, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Charter Amendment”) to effect the reverse split effective March 8, 2023. All share and per-share amounts have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the impact of the reverse stock split.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions, including those related to the valuation of vehicle inventory, capitalized website and internal-use software development costs, fair value of Class A common stock, financial instruments, convertible debt, stock-based compensation and income taxes.

Management bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from those estimates.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are primarily due from auction facilities and partner financial institutions that provide financing to our customers.

The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts that is calculated under the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model. The CECL model applies to financial assets measured at amortized cost, and requires the Company to reflect expected credit losses over the remaining contractual term of the asset. As the large majority of the Company’s receivables settle within 30 days, the forecast period under the CECL model is a relatively short horizon. The Company uses an aging method to estimate allowances for doubtful accounts under the CECL model as the Company has determined that the aging method adequately reflects expected credit losses, as corroborated by historical loss rates.

Marketable Securities

Marketable SecuritiesThe Company acquired equity and debt security investments as a result of the CarLotz Merger on December 9, 2022. Equity and debt securities are classified as Level 1 and Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, respectively.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The authoritative guidance on fair value measurements establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements as follows:

Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires management to make judgments and consider factors specific to the asset or liability. The Company recognizes transfers between the levels as of the actual date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. There were no transfers between levels during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued guidance codified in Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13, Financial instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"), and subsequent related ASUs, which amends the guidance on the impairment of financial instruments by requiring measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held. This ASU is effective for public and private companies’ fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, and December 15, 2022, respectively. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 under the private company transition guidance beginning January 1, 2023. The adoption did not materially impact the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

Discontinued Operations

Discontinued Operations

We review the presentation of planned business dispositions in the condensed consolidated financial statements based on the available information and events that have occurred. The review consists of evaluating whether the business meets the definition of a component for which the operations and cash flows are clearly distinguishable from the other components of the business, and if so, whether it is anticipated that after the disposal the cash flows of the component would be eliminated from continuing operations and whether the disposition represents a strategic shift that has a major effect on operations and financial results. In addition, we evaluate whether the business has met the criteria as a business held for sale. In order for a planned disposition to be classified as a business held for sale, the established criteria must be met as of the reporting date, including an active program to market the business and the expected disposition of the business within one year.

Planned business dispositions are presented as discontinued operations when all the criteria described above are met. For those divestitures that qualify as discontinued operations, all comparative periods presented are reclassified in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, the results of operations of a discontinued operation are reclassified to income from discontinued operations, net of tax, for all periods presented in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Results of discontinued operations include all revenues and expenses directly derived from such businesses; general corporate overhead is not allocated to discontinued operations.

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BUSINESS COMBINATIONS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Schedule of Business Acquisitions, by Acquisition

The following table presents an estimate of consideration transferred:

	(In thousands)
Cash consideration	$	15,000
Fair value of shares of Shift Class A common stock issued	2,481
Allocation of proceeds from Senior Unsecured Notes	(2,103)
Acquisition Consideration	$	15,378

During the measurement period, the Company may record adjustments to the provisional amounts recognized.

	Estimated Fair Value
Capitalized website and internal use software costs	$	12,500
Other intangible assets - Trade name	100
Other intangible assets - Dealer network	100
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	154
Goodwill	2,524
Total fair value of purchase price	$	15,378

The following table presents an estimate of Merger Consideration transferred to effect the CarLotz Merger at Closing:

	(In thousands)
Fair value of shares of Shift Class A common stock issued to CarLotz stockholders	$	22,411
Replacement of CarLotz equity awards	562
Merger Consideration	$	22,973

Schedule of Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Revenue	$	219,580
Loss from operations	(59,240)
Net loss	$	(62,196)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(7.69)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted	8,089,211

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Revenue	$	282,594
Loss from operations	(81,919)
Net loss	$	(80,305)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(4.88)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted	16,472,676

Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

The allocation of the consideration transferred will be finalized within the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date).

	Estimated Fair Value
Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities	$	97,710
Accounts receivable	3,321
Inventory	7,062
Other current assets	1,756
Property and equipment	7,009
Operating lease right of use assets	25,119
Finance lease right of use assets	4,176
Developed technology	3,190
Trademarks	970
Other non-current assets	364
Total assets	150,677
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(11,899)
Operating lease liabilities, current	(4,127)
Finance lease liabilities, current	(273)
Other current liabilities	(694)
Operating lease liabilities	(24,713)
Finance lease liabilities	(8,940)
Other non-current liabilities	(373)
Total liabilities	(51,019)
Net assets acquired	99,658
Gain on Bargain purchase	$	(76,685)
Consideration transferred	$	22,973

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PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consists of the following (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
Equipment	$	3,841	$	4,545
Furniture and fixtures	332		1,278
Leasehold improvements	929		4,334
Total property and equipment	5,102		10,157
Less: accumulated depreciation	(3,090)		(3,360)
Property and equipment, net	$	2,012	$	6,797

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LEASES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases

The balance sheet classification of leases is as follows (in thousands):

	Balance Sheet Classification	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Operating leases	Operating lease assets	$	28,366	$	44,568
	Operating and finance lease assets, property and equipment, accounts receivable, and other assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	9,706		9,572
Finance leases	Finance lease assets, net	112		152
	Operating and finance lease assets, property and equipment, accounts receivable, and other assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	180		4,155
Total lease assets		$	38,364	$	58,447
Liabilities
Operating leases	Operating lease liabilities, current	$	5,490	$	8,865
	Operating and finance lease liabilities and other liabilities associated with assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	14,918		10,138
	Operating lease liabilities, non-current	27,245		44,985
Total operating lease liabilities		$	47,653	$	63,988
Finance leases	Finance lease liabilities, current	$	50	$	271
	Operating and finance lease liabilities and other liabilities associated with assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	2,824		5,036
	Finance lease liabilities, non-current	1,496		3,989
Total finance lease liabilities		$	4,370	$	9,296
Total lease liabilities		$	52,023	$	73,284

Schedule of Lease Costs and Activity

The Company’s lease costs and activity were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022
Lease cost
Operating lease cost	$	9,241		$	2,162
Finance lease amortization	86			—
Finance lease interest	109			—
Short-term lease cost	168			832
Variable lease cost	455			185
Sublease income	(241)			—
Total lease cost	$	9,818		$	3,179
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities
Operating leases - Operating cash flows	$	3,746		$	1,925
Finance leases - Operating cash flows	$	731		$	—
Finance leases - Financing cash flows	$	180		$	—
Lease assets derecognized with the sale of lease liabilities
Operating leases	$	11,884		$	—
Finance leases	$	4,660		$	—
Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases (in years)	5.65			5.14
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases	8.53		%	7.30		%
Weighted average remaining lease term - finance leases (in years)	6.03			—
Weighted average discount rate - finance leases	11.10		%	—		%

Schedule of Operating Lease Liabilities by Maturity Date

Operating and finance lease liabilities by maturity date from March 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

Year ended December 31,	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2023	$	9,198	$	592
2024	10,860		693
2025	9,456		708
2026	9,339		724
2027	9,353		680
Thereafter	13,935		4,091
Total minimum lease payments	$	62,141	$	7,488
Less: Imputed interest	14,488		3,118
Total lease liabilities	$	47,653	$	4,370

Schedule of Finance Lease, Liability, Fiscal Year Maturity

Operating and finance lease liabilities by maturity date from March 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

Year ended December 31,	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2023	$	9,198	$	592
2024	10,860		693
2025	9,456		708
2026	9,339		724
2027	9,353		680
Thereafter	13,935		4,091
Total minimum lease payments	$	62,141	$	7,488
Less: Imputed interest	14,488		3,118
Total lease liabilities	$	47,653	$	4,370

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CAPITALIZED WEBSITE AND INTERNAL-USE SOFTWARE COSTS, NET (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Capitalized Website and Internal-Use Software Development Costs

Capitalized website and internal use software costs, net consists of the following (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
Capitalized website domain costs – nonamortizable	$	385	$	385
Capitalized website and internal-use software development costs – amortizable	14,280		12,294
Less: accumulated amortization	(5,032)		(2,022)
Capitalized website and internal-use software development costs, net	$	9,633	$	10,657

Schedule of Capitalized Website and Internal-Use Software Development Costs

Capitalized website and internal use software costs, net consists of the following (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
Capitalized website domain costs – nonamortizable	$	385	$	385
Capitalized website and internal-use software development costs – amortizable	14,280		12,294
Less: accumulated amortization	(5,032)		(2,022)
Capitalized website and internal-use software development costs, net	$	9,633	$	10,657

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense

The expected annual amortization expense to be recognized in future years as of March 31, 2023 consists of the following (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2023
2023	$	1,871
2024	2,488
2025	1,382
2026	58
Development in progress	3,449
Total amortizable costs	9,248
Nonamortizable costs	385
Total capitalized website and internal-use software development costs	$	9,633

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ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
Accrued payroll related costs	$	10,196	$	14,048
Provision for DMV refunds	1,089		1,080
Accrued sales taxes	212		3,957
Class A common stock subject to repurchase liability, current	34		44
Interest payable	2,742		960
Provision for sales returns and cancellations	3,146		4,304
Other accrued expenses	5,717		9,479
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	23,136	$	33,872

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SEGMENT INFORMATION (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Reportable Segments Information

Information about the Company’s reportable segments are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Revenue from external customers
Retail	$	50,559	$	191,793
Wholesale	3,549		27,787
Consolidated	$	54,108	$	219,580
Segment gross profit (loss)
Retail	$	3,929	$	10,926
Wholesale	(765)		(138)
Consolidated	$	3,164	$	10,788

Schedule of Reconciliation of Reportable Segment Gross Profit to Net Loss and Comprehensive Loss Attributable to Common Stockholders

The reconciliation between reportable segment gross profit to loss before income taxes is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Segment gross profit	$	3,164	$	10,788
Selling, general and administrative expenses	(42,591)		(63,537)
Depreciation and amortization	(4,399)		(1,680)
Loss on impairment	(931)		—
Interest and other expense, net	(2,791)		(2,578)
Loss before income taxes	$	(47,548)	$	(57,007)

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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Employee and Non-Employee Stock Option Activity

Activity related to employee and non-employee stock options for all plans is set forth below:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (000’s)
As of December 31, 2022	519,323	$	26.02	4.95	$	1
Granted	—	—
Exercised	—	—
Forfeited	(4,927)	31.99
Cancelled (expired)	(117,025)	70.05
As of March 31, 2023	397,371	$	12.98	5.95	$	—
Exercisable as of March 31, 2023	393,867	$	12.84	5.94	$	—

Schedule of Employee and Non-Employee Restricted Stock Unit Activity

Activity related to employee and non-employee RSU awards is set forth below:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (000’s)
Unvested as of December 31, 2022	486,054	$	29.30	1.01	$	724
Granted	123,688	2.16
Vested	(35,796)	37.70
Forfeited	(89,298)	20.69
Unvested as of March 31, 2023	484,648	$	23.27	0.81	$	543
Vested and unreleased	22,673
Outstanding as of March 31, 2023	507,321

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IMPAIRMENT, RESTRUCTURING AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Schedule of Restructuring Charges and Reconciliation of Restructuring Liability

The following table is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending severance liability for the three months ended March 31, 2023 related to the Restructuring Plan:

Balance at December 31, 2022	$	794
Accruals and accrual adjustments	—
Cash payments	(161)
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	633

Schedule of Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations

The following table presents the loss associated with the sale, presented in the results of our discontinued operations below, in thousands:

Gross purchase price	$	434
Net assets sold	(820)
Loss on disposal	$	(386)

The carrying value of the net assets classified as discontinued operations sold during the period were as follows, in thousands:

Assets
Inventory	$	606
Security deposits	57
Property, plant, and equipment	306
Operating lease assets	1,577
Total assets	$	2,546
Liabilities
Operating lease liabilities	$	1,726
Total liabilities	$	1,726
Net assets sold	$	820

The following table presents components making up the balance sheets line item consisting of the carrying amount of assets and liabilities classified as held for sale and the aggregate amounts of the classes of assets and liabilities of the facilities and entities classified as discontinued operations, in thousands:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Held for sale:
Operating lease assets	$	7,813	$	5,634
Finance lease assets, net	—		3,960
Total held for sale assets	7,813		9,594
Discontinued Operations:
Accounts receivable, net	460		689
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	217		226
Property and equipment, net	2,186		2,584
Operating lease assets	1,893		3,938
Finance lease assets, net	180		195
Total discontinued operations assets	4,936		7,632
Total held for sale and discontinued operations assets	$	12,749	$	17,226
Liabilities
Held for sale:
Operating lease liabilities	$	13,018	$	6,016
Finance lease liabilities	2,641		4,843
Total held for sale liabilities	15,659		10,859
Discontinued Operations:
Accounts payable	65		70
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	272		131
Operating lease liabilities	1,900		4,122
Finance lease liabilities	183		193
Other non-current liabilities	80		87
Total discontinued operations liabilities	2,500		4,603
Total held for sale and discontinued operations liabilities	$	18,159	$	15,462

The following table presents information regarding certain components of loss from discontinued operations:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Retail revenue, net	$	2,123
Other revenue, net	270
Wholesale vehicle revenue	1,190
Total revenue	3,584
Cost of sales	3,210
Gross profit	374
Selling, general and administrative expenses	459
Loss on disposal	386
Depreciation and amortization	20
Total Operating Expenses	865
Loss from operations	(491)
Interest and other expense, net	(3)
Loss from discontinued operations	$	(494)

Transaction costs related to the sale were immaterial for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The following table presents non-cash items related to discontinued operations, in thousands:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Depreciation and amortization	$	20

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NET LOSS PER SHARE (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of net loss per share, basic and diluted:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	2023		2022
Net loss	$	(48,097)	$	(57,048)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted	16,920,600		8,182,525
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(2.84)	$	(6.97)

Schedule of Potentially Dilutive Shares not included in the Calculation of Diluted Shares Outstanding

The following potentially dilutive shares were not included in the calculation of diluted shares outstanding for the periods presented as the effect would have been anti-dilutive:

	As of March 31,
	2023	2022
Escrow Shares	300,010	300,010
Public and private warrants	1,146,727	—
Earnout Shares	489,841	—
Convertible Notes	1,779,834	1,779,834
Stock options	397,371	156,302
Restricted stock units	507,321	748,162
Contingently repurchasable early exercise shares	813	4,800
Total	4,621,917	2,989,108

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DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 segment
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments	2

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Narrative (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended
	Oct. 13, 2021 USD ($) shares	Oct. 13, 2020 trading_day $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Apr. 13, 2023 shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Accumulated other comprehensive loss			$ 0			$ (3)
Assets measured at fair value			100
Liabilities measured at fair value			100
Reclassification of escrow shares to additional paid-in capital	$ 6,300
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities			(36,314)	$ (98,370)
Net loss			(48,097)	$ (57,048)
Cash and cash equivalents			58,784			$ 96,159
Working capital			$ 40,800
Insurance Acquisition Corp.
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Number of shares returned | shares	300,011
Insurance Acquisition Corp. | Subsequent Event
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Number of shares returned | shares					300,010
Insurance Acquisition Corp. | Derivative Instrument, Period, One
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Contingent liability of shares entitled to legacy stockholders, earnout period		12 months
Contingent liability of shares entitled to legacy stockholders, earnout period, number of trading days | trading_day		20
Contingent liability of shares entitled to legacy stockholders, earnout period, number of trading days in period | trading_day		30
Contingent liability of shares entitled to legacy stockholders, earnout period, release of shares		50.00%
Insurance Acquisition Corp. | Derivative Instrument, Period, Two
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Contingent liability of shares entitled to legacy stockholders, earnout period		30 months
Insurance Acquisition Corp. | Class A Common Stock
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Additional number of shares legacy stockholders are entitled given certain conditions | shares		600,021
Insurance Acquisition Corp. | Class A Common Stock | Derivative Instrument, Period, One
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Contingent liability of shares entitled to legacy stockholders, earnout period, trigger stock price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 120.00
Insurance Acquisition Corp. | Class A Common Stock | Derivative Instrument, Period, Two
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Contingent liability of shares entitled to legacy stockholders, earnout period, trigger stock price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		150.00
Insurance Acquisition Corp. | Class A Common Stock | Derivative Instrument, Period, Three
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Contingent liability of shares entitled to legacy stockholders, earnout period, trigger stock price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 100.00

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BUSINESS COMBINATIONS - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	May 11, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 09, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Imputed discount		$ 2,103	$ 0
Additional transaction costs		100
Fair Dealer Services, LLC
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Transaction related costs		$ 0	$ 0	$ 3,300
Cash acquired	$ 15,000
Equity interest issued or issuable (in shares)	206,698
Consideration transferred equity interests issuable, percentage	2.50%
Share price (in dollars per share)	$ 10.20
Other intangible assets	$ 12,500
Intangibles acquired in business combination	200
Fair Dealer Services, LLC | Computer Software, Intangible Asset
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives (in years)		3 years
Fair Dealer Services, LLC | Dealer Network
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives (in years)		1 year
Fair Dealer Services, LLC | Senior Unsecured Notes | Senior Notes
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Imputed discount	$ 2,100
Stated interest rate	10.50%
CarLotz, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Share price (in dollars per share)					$ 2.62
Transaction costs				$ 16,300
Discount rate To estimate the fair value		19.40%
CarLotz, Inc. | Restricted stock units
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Equity interest issued or issuable (in shares)		100,000
CarLotz, Inc. | Common Stock
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Equity interest issued or issuable (in shares)		8,600,000
CarLotz, Inc. | Trademarks
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangibles acquired in business combination		$ 970
Business combination, intangible asset, royalty rates		0.30%
CarLotz, Inc. | Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangibles acquired in business combination		$ 3,190
Business combination, intangible asset, royalty rates		1.50%

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BUSINESS COMBINATIONS - Schedule of Merger Consideration Transferred (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	May 11, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023
Fair Dealer Services, LLC
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash consideration	$ 15,000
Fair value of shares of Shift Class A common stock issued	2,481
Allocation of proceeds from Senior Unsecured Notes	(2,103)
Acquisition Consideration	$ 15,378
CarLotz, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of shares of Shift Class A common stock issued		$ 22,411
Replacement of CarLotz equity awards		562
Acquisition Consideration		$ 22,973

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BUSINESS COMBINATIONS - Schedule of Total Fair Value of Purchase Price (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	May 11, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Capitalized website and internal use software costs, net	$ 9,633	$ 10,657
Goodwill	$ 2,070	$ 2,070
Fair Dealer Services, LLC
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Other intangible assets			$ 12,500
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			154
Goodwill			2,524
Total fair value of purchase price			15,378
Fair Dealer Services, LLC | Software and Software Development Costs
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Capitalized website and internal use software costs, net			12,500
Fair Dealer Services, LLC | Trade Names
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Other intangible assets			100
Fair Dealer Services, LLC | Dealer Network
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Other intangible assets			$ 100

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BUSINESS COMBINATIONS - Schedule of Unaudited Pro Forma (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information, Nonrecurring Adjustment [Line Items]
Net loss	$ (48,097)	$ (57,048)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, basic (in shares)		8,089,211
Fair Dealer Services, LLC
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information, Nonrecurring Adjustment [Line Items]
Revenue		$ 219,580
Loss from operations		(59,240)
Net loss		$ (62,196)
Net loss per share, basic (in dollars per share)		$ (7.69)
Net loss per share, diluted (in dollars per share)		$ (7.69)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, diluted (in shares)		8,089,211
CarLotz, Inc.
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information, Nonrecurring Adjustment [Line Items]
Revenue		$ 282,594
Loss from operations		(81,919)
Net loss		$ (80,305)
Net loss per share, basic (in dollars per share)		$ (4.88)
Net loss per share, diluted (in dollars per share)		$ (4.88)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, basic (in shares)		16,472,676
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, diluted (in shares)		16,472,676

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BUSINESS COMBINATIONS - Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Details) - CarLotz, Inc. $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Assets [Abstract]
Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities	$ 97,710
Accounts receivable	3,321
Inventory	7,062
Other current assets	1,756
Property and equipment	7,009
Operating lease right of use assets	25,119
Finance lease right of use assets	4,176
Other non-current assets	364
Total assets	150,677
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Liabilities [Abstract]
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(11,899)
Operating lease liabilities, current	(4,127)
Finance lease liabilities, current	(273)
Other current liabilities	(694)
Operating lease liabilities	(24,713)
Finance lease liabilities	(8,940)
Other non-current liabilities	(373)
Total liabilities	(51,019)
Total fair value of purchase price	99,658
Gain on Bargain purchase	(76,685)
Consideration transferred	22,973
Developed technology
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Assets [Abstract]
Intangible assets	3,190
Trademarks
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Assets [Abstract]
Intangible assets	$ 970

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PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET - Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 5,102	$ 10,157
Less: accumulated depreciation	(3,090)	(3,360)
Property and equipment, net	2,012	6,797
Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	3,841	4,545
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	332	1,278
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 929	$ 4,334

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PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation expense (Less than for three months ended March 31, 2023)	$ 0.5	$ 0.6
Property plant and equipment held for sale	2.4
Depreciation expense related property and equipment that was disposed	0.2
Reconditioning Facilities
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation expense (Less than for three months ended March 31, 2023)	$ 0.1	$ 0.3

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LEASES - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lease initial term (in months)	12 months
Loss on impairment	$ 900	$ 0
Lease obligations with maximum total payments	$ 4,669
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, remaining lase term	1 year
Finance lease, remaining lase term	1 year
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, remaining lase term	13 years
Finance lease, remaining lase term	13 years

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LEASES - Schedule of Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets
Operating lease assets	$ 28,366	$ 44,568
Operating and finance lease assets, property and equipment, accounts receivable, and other assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	9,706	9,572
Finance lease assets, net	112	152
Operating and finance lease assets, property and equipment, accounts receivable, and other assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	180	4,155
Total lease assets	38,364	58,447
Liabilities
Operating lease liabilities, current	5,490	8,865
Operating and finance lease liabilities and other liabilities associated with assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	14,918	10,138
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	27,245	44,985
Total operating lease liabilities	47,653	63,988
Finance lease liabilities, current	50	271
Operating and finance lease liabilities and other liabilities associated with assets held for sale or classified as discontinued operations	2,824	5,036
Finance lease liabilities, non-current	1,496	3,989
Total finance lease liabilities	4,370	9,296
Total lease liabilities	$ 52,023	$ 73,284

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LEASES - Schedule of Lease Costs and Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Lease cost
Operating lease cost	$ 9,241	$ 2,162
Finance lease amortization	86	0
Finance lease interest	109	0
Short-term lease cost	168	832
Variable lease cost	455	185
Sublease income	(241)	0
Total lease cost	9,818	3,179
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities
Operating leases - Operating cash flows	3,746	1,925
Finance leases - Operating cash flows	731	0
Finance leases - Financing cash flows	180	0
Operating leases	11,884	0
Finance leases	$ 4,660	$ 0
Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases (in years)	5 years 7 months 24 days	5 years 1 month 20 days
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases	8.53%	7.30%
Weighted average remaining lease term - finance leases (in years)	6 years 10 days
Weighted average discount rate - finance leases	11.10%	0.00%

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LEASES - Schedule of Operating Lease Liabilities by Maturity Date and Finance Lease, Liability, Fiscal Year Maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating Leases
2023	$ 9,198
2024	10,860
2025	9,456
2026	9,339
2027	9,353
Thereafter	13,935
Total minimum lease payments	62,141
Less: Imputed interest	14,488
Total lease liabilities	47,653	$ 63,988
Finance Leases
2023	592
2024	693
2025	708
2026	724
2027	680
Thereafter	4,091
Total minimum lease payments	7,488
Less: Imputed interest	3,118
Total lease liabilities	$ 4,370	$ 9,296

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CAPITALIZED WEBSITE AND INTERNAL-USE SOFTWARE COSTS, NET - Schedule of Capitalized Website and Internal-Use Software Development Costs, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Capitalized website domain costs – nonamortizable	$ 385	$ 385
Capitalized website and internal-use software development costs – amortizable	14,280	12,294
Less: accumulated amortization	(5,032)	(2,022)
Capitalized website and internal-use software development costs, net	$ 9,633	$ 10,657

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CAPITALIZED WEBSITE AND INTERNAL-USE SOFTWARE COSTS, NET - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization of capitalized software development costs	$ 3.2	$ 1.4
Weighted-average amortization period (in years)	1 year 2 months 26 days

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CAPITALIZED WEBSITE AND INTERNAL-USE SOFTWARE COSTS, NET - Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2023	$ 1,871
2024	2,488
2025	1,382
2026	58
Development in progress	3,449
Total amortizable costs	9,248
Nonamortizable costs	385	$ 385
Capitalized website and internal-use software development costs, net	$ 9,633	$ 10,657

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GOODWILL - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	May 11, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Goodwill		$ 2,070	$ 2,070
Impairment loss		$ (500)
Retail
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 2,500
Fair Dealer Services, LLC
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Merger Consideration	15,378
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	154
Intangible assets acquired	12,700
Goodwill	$ 2,524

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ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES - Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued payroll related costs	$ 10,196	$ 14,048
Provision for DMV refunds	1,089	1,080
Accrued sales taxes	212	3,957
Class A common stock subject to repurchase liability, current	34	44
Interest payable	2,742	960
Provision for sales returns and cancellations	3,146	4,304
Other accrued expenses	5,717	9,479
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	23,136	33,872
Accrued expenses associated with a long-lived asset disposal group	$ 300	$ 100

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BORROWINGS (Details)				3 Months Ended
	Feb. 07, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 09, 2021 USD ($)	May 27, 2021 USD ($) trading_day business_day $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	May 11, 2022 USD ($)	May 24, 2021 $ / shares
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Share price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares								$ 66.10
Senior Notes Due May 11, 2025
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Deferred costs				$ 200,000
Senior Notes Due May 11, 2025 | Senior Notes
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Stated interest rate							6.00%
Outstanding principal amount							$ 20,000,000
Deferred borrowing cost amortization expense				1,900,000
Deferred costs				200,000
Contractual interest expense				300,000
Senior Notes Due May 11, 2025 | Senior Notes | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Convertible debt, fair value				17,100,000
Convertible Senior Notes Due 2026 | Convertible Notes
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Stated interest rate			4.75%
Outstanding principal amount			$ 150,000,000
Deferred borrowing cost amortization expense				300,000	$ 300,000
Contractual interest expense				1,800,000	$ 2,100,000
Redemption, threshold trading days | trading_day			40
Redemption, principal amount to remain outstanding			$ 50,000,000
Unamortized deferred borrowing costs				$ 4,200,000
Effective rate				5.73%
Convertible Senior Notes Due 2026 | Convertible Notes | Debt Instrument, Convertible, Trigger Option, One
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Convertible, threshold percentage of stock price trigger			130.00%
Number of threshold trading days | trading_day			20
Number of threshold consecutive trading days | trading_day			30
Convertible Senior Notes Due 2026 | Convertible Notes | Debt Instrument, Convertible, Trigger Option, Two
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Convertible, threshold percentage of stock price trigger			98.00%
Number of threshold consecutive trading days | trading_day			10
Number of threshold business days | business_day			5
Convertible Senior Notes Due 2026 | Convertible Notes | Debt Instrument, Convertible, Period One
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Conversion ratio			11.8654
Conversion price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares			$ 84.28
Conversion premium			27.47%
Convertible Senior Notes Due 2026 | Convertible Notes | Debt Instrument, Convertible, Period Two
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Conversion ratio			15.1284
Convertible Senior Notes Due 2026 | Convertible Notes | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Convertible debt, fair value				$ 15,300,000
Ally Flooring Line of Credit | Line of Credit | Revolving Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 75,000,000	$ 100,000,000
Period vehicles held in inventory	150 days	180 days
Monthly principal payment equal to percentage of original principal amount of vehicle		10.00%
Monthly principal payment required until percentage of remaining outstanding balance is reached (or less)		50.00%
Percentage of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents on total credit line (not less than)		20.00%
Percentage restricted cash on total credit line (at least)		10.00%
Percentage of equity to be maintained on inventory (at least)		10.00%
Percentage threshold of average outstanding balance of average total credit line for quarter to trigger availability fee		50.00%
Weighted average interest rate				9.50%
Outstanding under credit facility				$ 22,200,000		$ 24,800,000
Unused borrowing capacity				$ 52,800,000		$ 75,200,000
Ally Flooring Line of Credit | Line of Credit | Revolving Credit Facility | Prime Rate
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	1.75%	1.50%

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 17, 2023	Mar. 06, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Oct. 13, 2020	Oct. 12, 2020
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Possible loss related to claim (up to)	$ 4.0
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	500,000,000			500,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001			$ 0.0001
Class A Common Stock
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Common stock, authorized (in shares)		500,000,000	50,000,000		500,000,000	50,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)		$ 0.0001

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STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT (Details)				3 Months Ended
	Oct. 04, 2022 trading_day $ / shares	May 06, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares	May 27, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) trading_day $ / shares shares	Mar. 17, 2023 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares	May 24, 2021 $ / shares
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Nasdaq listing rule, bid price requirement, grace period (in days)	180 days
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)				$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001
Shares issued, if threshold percentage of stock price trigger (in dollars per share)							$ 66.10
Class A Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Nasdaq listing rule, minimum bid price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.00
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)					$ 0.0001
Maximum
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Number of consecutive business days | trading_day	30
Minimum
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Nasdaq listing rule, re-compliance bid price period (in consecutive trading days) | trading_day	10
CarLotz, Inc.
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price (in dollars per share)				$ 163.06
CarLotz, Inc. | Public Warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase Class A common stock outstanding (in shares) | shares				718,342
CarLotz, Inc. | Earnout Shares
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Additional contingent earnout shares (in shares) | shares				489,841
CarLotz, Inc. | Earnout Shares | Tranche One
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Shares issued, if threshold percentage of stock price trigger (in dollars per share)				$ 177.24
CarLotz, Inc. | Earnout Shares | Tranche Two
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Shares issued, if threshold percentage of stock price trigger (in dollars per share)				212.69
CarLotz, Inc. | Earnout Shares | Tranche Three
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Shares issued, if threshold percentage of stock price trigger (in dollars per share)				$ 141.80
CarLotz, Inc. | Private Warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase Class A common stock outstanding (in shares) | shares				428,385
Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)		$ 0.0001
Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction | $		$ 150,000,000
Sale of stock, commission on gross consideration received on transaction		3.00%
Call Option
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Cap price for capped call transactions (in dollars per share)			$ 148.725
Cap price for capped call transactions premium			125.00%
Net proceeds from offering | $			$ 28,400,000
Hypothetical capped call settlement value, cash settlement amount | $				$ 0
Capped call volume weighted average price (in dollars per share)				$ 84.30
Capped call threshold number of consecutive trading days | trading_day				40

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SEGMENT INFORMATION - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments	2

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SEGMENT INFORMATION - Schedule of Reportable Segments Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue from external customers	$ 54,108	$ 219,580
Segment gross profit (loss)	3,164	10,788
Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue from external customers	54,108	219,580
Segment gross profit (loss)	3,164	10,788
Operating Segments | Retail
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue from external customers	50,559	191,793
Segment gross profit (loss)	3,929	10,926
Operating Segments | Wholesale
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue from external customers	3,549	27,787
Segment gross profit (loss)	$ (765)	$ (138)

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SEGMENT INFORMATION - Schedule of Reconciliation of Reportable Segment Gross Profit to Net Loss and Comprehensive Loss Attributable to Common Stockholders (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Segment gross profit	$ 3,164	$ 10,788
Selling, general and administrative expenses	(42,591)	(63,537)
Depreciation and amortization	(4,399)	(1,680)
Loss on impairment	(931)	0
Interest and other expense, net	(2,791)	(2,578)
Loss before income taxes	(47,548)	(57,007)
Operating Segments
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Segment gross profit	$ 3,164	$ 10,788

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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)		123,688
Stock-based compensation expense		$ 1,200	$ 4,200
Stock-based compensation capitalized to internal-use software		183	$ 325
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense		$ 9,000
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, weighted average period of recognition		1 year 2 months 15 days
Stock options | 2014 Stock Option Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award contractual term (in years)		10 years
Stock options | 2020 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award contractual term (in years)		10 years
Restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	46,165
Minimum | Stock options | 2014 Stock Option Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		4 years
Maximum | Stock options | 2014 Stock Option Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		5 years

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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS - Schedule of Employee and Non-Employee Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Number of Shares
Beginning balance (in shares)	519,323
Granted (in shares)	0
Exercised (in shares)	0
Forfeited (in shares)	(4,927)
Cancelled (expired) (in shares)	(117,025)
Ending balance (in shares)	397,371	519,323
Exercisable at period end (in shares)	393,867
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 26.02
Granted (in dollars per share)	0
Exercised (in dollars per share)	0
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	31.99
Cancelled (expired) (in dollars per share)	70.05
Ending balance (in dollars per share)	12.98	$ 26.02
Weighted average exercise price, exercisable at period end (in dollars per share)	$ 12.84
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining contractual life, outstanding	5 years 11 months 12 days	4 years 11 months 12 days
Weighted average remaining contractual life, exercisable at period end	5 years 11 months 8 days
Aggregate intrinsic value, outstanding	$ 0	$ 1
Aggregate intrinsic value, exercisable at period end	$ 0

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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS - Schedule of Employee and Non-Employee Restricted Stock Unit Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Number of Shares
Beginning balance (in shares)	486,054
Granted (in shares)	123,688
Vested (in shares)	(35,796)
Forfeited (in shares)	(89,298)
Ending balance (in shares)	484,648
Vested and unreleased (in shares)	22,673
Outstanding at period end (in shares)	507,321
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 29.30
Granted (in dollars per share)	2.16
Vested (in dollars per share)	37.70
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	20.69
Ending balance (in dollars per share)	$ 23.27
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining contractual life, outstanding	9 months 21 days	1 year 3 days
Aggregate intrinsic value, outstanding	$ 543		$ 724

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (Details)		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($) tranche $ / shares shares	Oct. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Feb. 28, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Warrant Shares, Tranche Five
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Issuance of warrants upon achievement of milestones		$ 4,300,000
Lithia Motors, Inc.
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Wrote off remaining prepaid asset					$ 500,000
Affiliated Entity | Lithia Motors, Inc.
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Agreement term (in years)	5 years
Deferred asset, gross	$ 3,200,000
Amortization period	5 years
Deferred asset, amortization expense			$ 100,000	$ 200,000
Deferred asset, net			0			$ 600,000
Accounts payable			200,000			$ 200,000
Affiliated Entity | Lithia Motors, Inc. | Warrant Shares
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of shares called by warrants | shares	8,666,154
Warrant exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.10
Total number of tranches warrants become exercisable | tranche	6
Number of potential shares exercisable per tranche | shares	1,444,359
Affiliated Entity | Lithia Motors, Inc. | One-Sided Marketplace (OSM) Agreement
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue from related party			$ 0	$ 4,700,000
Affiliated Entity | Lithia Motors, Inc. | Substance Upfront Payment
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Deferred asset, gross	$ 2,800,000
Affiliated Entity | Lithia Motors, Inc. | Substance Upfront Payment, Recorded In Other Non-Current Assets
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Deferred asset, gross	$ 400,000

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IMPAIRMENT, RESTRUCTURING AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Feb. 02, 2023 USD ($)	Jul. 22, 2022 position	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) retail_location	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Loss on impairment			$ 900	$ 0
Restructuring and related cost, number of positions eliminated, percentage			42.00%
Restructuring charges			$ 900
Proceeds from commutation of reinsurance contracts			$ 187	0
Loss on disposal					$ 0
Number of retail locations sold during the period | retail_location			3
Loss on sale of assets and liabilities			$ (3,100)
Gross profit			3,164	$ 10,788
Discontinued Operations, Held-for-sale
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Loss on disposal	$ 386
Gross profit			$ 374
Retail revenue, net | Discontinued Operations, Held-for-sale
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Gross profit	$ 434
Restructuring Plan, July 22, 2022
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and related cost, number of positions eliminated, percentage		60.00%
Restructuring and related cost, number of positions eliminated | position		650

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IMPAIRMENT, RESTRUCTURING AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS - Schedule of Reconciliation of Restructuring Liability (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Balance at December 31, 2022	$ 794
Accruals and accrual adjustments	0
Cash payments	(161)
Balance at March 31, 2023	$ 633

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IMPAIRMENT, RESTRUCTURING AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS - Discontinued Operations, Loss on Sale and Net Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Feb. 02, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Gross profit		$ 3,164	$ 10,788
Loss on sales of property and equipment				$ 0
ASSETS
Inventory		34,019		40,925
Property and equipment, net		2,012		6,797
Operating lease assets		28,366		44,568
Total assets		169,496		248,018
Liabilities
Total lease liabilities		47,653		63,988
Total liabilities		275,965		307,804
Discontinued Operations, Held-for-sale
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Gross profit		374
Net Assets Sold	$ (820)
Loss on sales of property and equipment	(386)
ASSETS
Inventory	606
Security deposits	57
Property and equipment, net	306
Operating lease assets	1,577
Total assets	2,546
Liabilities
Total lease liabilities	1,726
Total liabilities	1,726
Net Assets	820
Discontinued Operations, Held-for-sale | Retail revenue, net
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Gross profit	$ 434
Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Sale
ASSETS
Property and equipment, net		2,186		2,584
Operating lease assets		1,893		3,938
Total assets		4,936		7,632
Liabilities
Total lease liabilities		1,900		4,122
Total liabilities		$ 2,500		$ 4,603

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IMPAIRMENT, RESTRUCTURING AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS - Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Feb. 02, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Discontinued Operations:
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $603 and $93	$ 4,393		$ 4,558
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	6,257		7,657
Property and equipment, net	2,012		6,797
Operating lease assets	28,366		44,568
Finance lease assets, net	112		152
Total assets	169,496		248,018
Discontinued Operations:
Accounts payable	14,280		12,085
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	23,136		33,872
Total lease liabilities	47,653		63,988
Total lease liabilities	4,370		9,296
Other non-current liabilities	65		111
Total liabilities	275,965		307,804
Discontinued Operations, Held-for-sale
Held for sale:
Operating lease assets	7,813		5,634
Finance lease assets, net	0		3,960
Discontinued Operations:
Property and equipment, net		$ 306
Operating lease assets		1,577
Total assets		2,546
Total held for sale assets	7,813		9,594
Held for sale:
Operating lease liabilities	13,018		6,016
Finance lease liabilities	2,641		4,843
Discontinued Operations:
Total lease liabilities		1,726
Total liabilities		$ 1,726
Total held for sale liabilities	15,659		10,859
Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Sale
Discontinued Operations:
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $603 and $93	460		689
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	217		226
Property and equipment, net	2,186		2,584
Operating lease assets	1,893		3,938
Finance lease assets, net	180		195
Total assets	4,936		7,632
Total held for sale assets	12,749		17,226
Discontinued Operations:
Accounts payable	65		70
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	272		131
Total lease liabilities	1,900		4,122
Total lease liabilities	183		193
Other non-current liabilities	80		87
Total liabilities	2,500		4,603
Total held for sale liabilities	$ 18,159		$ 15,462

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IMPAIRMENT, RESTRUCTURING AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS - Schedule of Information Regarding Components of Loss From Discontinued Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Feb. 02, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent [Abstract]
Revenue		$ 54,108	$ 219,580
Cost of sales		50,944	208,792
Gross profit		3,164	10,788
Selling, general and administrative expenses		42,591	63,537
Loss on impairment		931	0
Depreciation and amortization		4,399	1,680
Total operating expenses		47,921	65,217
Loss from operations		(44,757)	(54,429)
Interest and other expense, net		(2,791)	(2,578)
Loss from discontinued operations		(494)	0
Retail revenue, net
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent [Abstract]
Revenue		48,907	183,081
Other revenue, net
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent [Abstract]
Revenue		1,652	8,712
Wholesale vehicle revenue
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent [Abstract]
Revenue		3,549	$ 27,787
Discontinued Operations, Held-for-sale
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent [Abstract]
Revenue		3,584
Cost of sales		3,210
Gross profit		374
Selling, general and administrative expenses		459
Loss on impairment		386
Depreciation and amortization		20
Total operating expenses		865
Loss from operations		(491)
Interest and other expense, net		(3)
Loss from discontinued operations		(494)
Discontinued Operations, Held-for-sale | Retail revenue, net
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent [Abstract]
Revenue		2,123
Gross profit	$ 434
Discontinued Operations, Held-for-sale | Other revenue, net
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent [Abstract]
Revenue		270
Discontinued Operations, Held-for-sale | Wholesale vehicle revenue
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent [Abstract]
Revenue		$ 1,190

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INCOME TAXES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Provision for income taxes	$ 55	$ 41

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NET LOSS PER SHARE - Schedule of Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (48,097)	$ (57,048)
Net loss, basic	(48,097)	(57,048)
Net loss, diluted	$ (48,097)	$ (57,048)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, basic (in shares)	16,920,600	8,182,525
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per share, diluted (in shares)	16,920,600	8,182,525
Net loss per share, basic (in dollars per share)	$ (2.84)	$ (6.97)
Net loss per share, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (2.84)	$ (6.97)

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NET LOSS PER SHARE - Schedule of Potentially Dilutive Shares not included in the Calculation of Diluted Shares Outstanding (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	4,621,917	2,989,108
Escrow Shares
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	300,010	300,010
Public and private warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	1,146,727	0
Earnout Shares
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	489,841	0
Convertible Notes
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	1,779,834	1,779,834
Stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	397,371	156,302
Restricted stock units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	507,321	748,162
Contingently repurchasable early exercise shares
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	813	4,800

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SUBSEQUENT EVENTS - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	Apr. 19, 2023 USD ($) trading_day	Oct. 04, 2022 trading_day
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Nasdaq listing rule, bid price requirement, grace period (in days)		180 days
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Nasdaq listing rule, bid price requirement | $	$ 35,000
Nasdaq listing rule, bid price requirement, grace period (in days)	180 days
Maximum
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of consecutive business days		30
Maximum | Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of consecutive business days	30
Minimum
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Nasdaq listing rule, re-compliance bid price period (in consecutive trading days)		10
Minimum | Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Nasdaq listing rule, re-compliance bid price period (in consecutive trading days)	10