Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” in this Registration Statement (Form F-3) for the registration of ordinary shares and warrants, and to the incorporation by reference therein of our report dated April 7, 2021, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Nanobiotix S.A., included in its Annual Report, as amended, (Form 20-F/A) for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

/s/ ERNST & YOUNG et Autres

Paris La Défense, France

February 4, 2022