WARRANTS

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

The Company assumed 27,600,000 publicly-traded warrants (“Public Warrants”) and 837,000 private placement warrants issued to Tuscan Holdings Acquisition LLC (the “Sponsor”) and EarlyBirdCapital, Inc. (“EarlyBirdCapital”) (“Private Warrants” and together with the Public Warrants, the “Warrants”) upon the Business Combination, all of which were issued in connection with Tuscan’s initial public offering (other than 150,000 Private Warrants that were issued in connection with the closing of the Business Combination) and entitle the holder to purchase one share of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, none of the Public Warrants or the Private Warrants were exercised.

The Public Warrants became exercisable 30 days after the completion of the Business Combination. The Public Warrants are only exercisable for cash, however, if the Company were to not maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants, the Public Warrants would be exercisable on a net-share settlement basis. The Public Warrants will expire five years after the completion of the Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

Once the Public Warrants became exercisable, the Company may redeem the Public Warrants:

•in whole and not in part;

•at a price of $0.01 per warrant;

•upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption;

•if, and only if, the reported last sale price of the Company’s Common Stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share for any 20-trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third business day prior to the notice of redemption to the warrant holders; and

•if, and only if, there is a current registration statement in effect with respect to the shares of Common Stock underlying the warrants.

The Company classified the Public Warrants as equity. If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a net-share settlement basis.

The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants, except that the Private Warrants will be exercisable for cash or on a net-share settlement basis, at the holder’s option, and be non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Private Warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the Private Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants. In addition, so long as the Private Warrants are held by EarlyBirdCapital and its designee, the Private Warrants will expire five years from the effective date of the Business Combination.

The exercise price and number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the Warrants will not be adjusted for issuance of Common Stock at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the Warrants.

The Private Warrant liability was remeasured at fair value as of September 30, 2024, resulting in a gain of $2 and $66 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, classified within changes in fair value of warrant liability in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations, respectively.

The Private Warrants were valued using the following assumptions under the Monte Carlo Model that assumes optimal exercise of the Company’s redemption option at the earliest possible date:


	September 30, 2024
Market price of public stock	$	0.25
Exercise price	$	11.50
Expected term (years)	1.82
Volatility	96.27		%
Risk-free interest rate	3.64		%
Dividend rate	0.00		%

The market price of public stock is the quoted market price of the Company’s Common Stock as of the valuation date. The exercise price is extracted from the warrant agreements. The expected term is derived from the exercisable years based on the warrant agreements. The expected volatility is a blend of implied volatility from the Company’s own public warrant pricing, the average volatility of peer companies and the Company's historical volatility. The risk-free interest rate was estimated based on the market yield of U.S. Government Bond with maturity close to the expected term of the warrants. The dividend yield was estimated by the Company based on its expected dividend policy over the expected term of the warrants.

On May 28, 2024, the Company also issued a warrant exercisable for 5,500,000 shares of Common Stock at an initial exercise price of $2.00 per share. The Warrant expires on May 28, 2029 in connection of the convertible loan with shareholder. See Note 14 – Convertible loan with shareholder measured at fair value.