Investments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Debt Securities

The Company’s investments in debt securities consisted of the following as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):


	December 31, 2023
	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
U.S. treasury securities	$	86,764	$	20	$	—	$	86,784
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities	2,732		—		—		2,732
Commercial paper	10,144		—		—		10,144
Corporate bonds	44,924		9		(27)		44,906

Total debt securities	$	144,564	$	29	$	(27)	$	144,566
Included in cash and cash equivalents	$	1,595	$	—	$	(1)	$	1,594
Included in marketable securities	$	142,969	$	29	$	(26)	$	142,972


	December 31, 2022
	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
U.S. treasury securities	$	191,075	$	3	$	(2,598)	$	188,480
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities	4,999		—		(75)		4,924
Commercial paper	74,755		—		(232)		74,523
Corporate bonds	111,123		—		(1,214)		109,909
Asset-backed securities	11,945		—		(110)		11,835
Total debt securities	$	393,897	$	3	$	(4,229)	$	389,671

Included in marketable securities	$	393,897	$	3	$	(4,229)	$	389,671

The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and the fair value for those debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):


	December 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
U.S. treasury securities	$	—	$	—	$	(2,598)	$	158,888
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities	—		741		(75)		4,924
Commercial paper	—		—		(232)		74,523
Corporate bonds	(27)		30,621		(1,214)		109,909
Asset-backed securities	—		—		(110)		11,835
Total	$	(27)	$	31,362	$	(4,229)	$	360,079

Equity Investments

The Company’s equity investments consisted of the following as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):


		December 31,
	Consolidated Balance Sheets Location	2023		2022
Money market funds(1)	Cash and cash equivalents	$	101,842	$	42,056
Marketable equity investments(1)	Marketable securities	7,755		29,643
Investment in non-marketable securities(2)	Other non-current assets	10,000		—
Non-marketable equity investment measured using the measurement alternative(2)	Other non-current assets	4,000		4,000
		$	123,597	$	75,699

(1) Investments with readily determinable fair values.

(2) Investment in privately held company without readily determinable fair value.

In December 2021, the Company made an investment in 1,495 Class A Preferred Units of Robotic Research OpCo, LLC (“Robotic Research”) for consideration of $10.0 million, which was settled by issuing 618,924 shares of Class A common stock of the Company. The Company’s investment in Robotic Research represents less than 5% of Robotic Research’s capitalization. The Company neither has a significant influence over Robotic Research nor does its investment amount to a controlling financial interest in Robotic Research. As such, the Company measured the initial investment in Robotic Research at cost as provided under the guidance for measurement of equity investment using the measurement alternative. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $6.0 million related to the investment in Robotic Research.

In December 2022, the Company made an investment in 1,500,000 Class A ordinary shares of ECARX Holdings Inc., (“ECARX”) for consideration of $15.0 million, which was settled by issuing 2,030,374 shares of Class A common stock of the Company. The Company’s investment in ECARX represents less than 5% of ECARX’s capitalization. The Company neither has a significant influence over ECARX nor does its investment amount to a controlling financial interest in ECARX. The Company measured the investment in ECARX using the quoted prices in active markets with changes recorded in other income (expense), net on the consolidated statement of operations. Jun Hong Heng is a director of ECARX. Mr. Heng is also a director of Luminar.

In August 2023, the Company made an investment in a Simple Agreement for Future Equity (“SAFE”) of Plus Automation, Inc. (“Plus”) for consideration of $10.0 million, towards which the Company initially issued 1,490,313 shares of Class A common stock of the Company. In September 2023, the Company settled the consideration owed by issuing an additional 436,158 shares of Class A common stock. The Company’s investment in Plus represents less than 5% of Plus’s capitalization. The Company neither has a significant influence over Plus nor does its investment amount to a controlling financial interest in Plus.