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Business Combinations
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]  
Business Combinations Business Combinations
Freedom Photonics Acquisition
On April 13, 2022 (the “Acquisition Date”), the Company completed its acquisition of Freedom Photonics, a designer and manufacturer of high-performance lasers and related photonic products. The Freedom Photonics acquisition is expected to help the Company secure intellectual property and the supply of a key enabling component as part of the Company’s vertical integration strategy.
Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement between the Company and Freedom Photonics, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding units of capital of Freedom Photonics for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $34.6 million payable primarily in Class A common stock of the Company. The purchase price includes a $0.4 million adjustment to the preliminary estimates of working capital. In conjunction with the acquisition, the Company issued share-based compensation awards to certain employees and selling equity holders of Freedom Photonics, which may result in future stock-based compensation expense, subject to achievement of certain service and performance conditions, including certain technical and financial milestones. These post-combination shared-based awards were determined to be compensatory in nature and consequently are being expensed over the vesting period of these awards. The results of operations related to Freedom Photonics are included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations beginning from the Acquisition Date. As part of the transaction, the Company incurred $1.4 million of acquisition-related costs, which were expensed and included in general and administrative expenses in the periods in which the costs were incurred.
Recording of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed
Preliminary estimates of fair values included in the consolidated financial statements are expected to be finalized within a year following the Acquisition Date. These are related to certain working capital adjustments and finalization of the estimates relating to deferred tax balances which will occur after the filing of the current tax returns. After the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments will be reflected in the consolidated statements of operations.
The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocation to assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including identification of measurement period adjustments (in thousands):
Preliminary Recorded Value
Cash and cash equivalents$1,063 
Accounts receivable3,311 
Contract asset1,913 
Inventories, net127 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets70 
Property and equipment1,353 
Operating lease right-of-use assets449 
Other non-current assets22 
Intangible assets (1)15,600 
Goodwill (2)15,885 
Total assets acquired39,793 
Current and non-current liabilities(5,158)
Total liabilities assumed(5,158)
Net assets acquired$34,635 
(1) Tradename was measured using the relief-from-royalty method. The remaining identifiable intangible assets were measured using the income approach. Significant inputs used as part of the valuation of intangible assets include revenue forecasts, present value factors, expected product margins and costs to complete the IPR&D.
(2) Goodwill is the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents the expected future economic benefits as a result of other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. Goodwill is not amortized. The factors that made up goodwill recognized included assembled workforce and component cost savings. The entire amount of goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes and is allocated to the ATS segment, which is also deemed the reporting unit.
Identifiable intangible assets recognized (in thousands):
Useful LifePreliminary Recorded Value
Customer backlog2 years$650 
Customer relationships4 years2,950 
Developed technology8 years4,000 
In-process research and development (IPR&D) (1)7,500 
Tradename4 years500 
Total intangible assets$15,600 
(1) IPR&D intangibles are treated as indefinite-lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated R&D
project, at which time the appropriate useful lives will be determined.
Supplemental Unaudited Pro Forma Information
The following unaudited pro forma financial information summarizes the combined results of operations for the Company and Freedom Photonics as if the companies were combined as of the beginning of fiscal year 2021. The unaudited pro forma information includes adjustments to amortization and depreciation for intangible assets and property and equipment acquired, the purchase accounting effect on transaction costs, and stock-based compensation expense.
The table below reflects the impact of adjustments to the unaudited pro forma results for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 that are directly attributable to the acquisition (in thousands):
December 31,
20222021
(Unaudited)
(Decrease) / increase to expenses as a result of transaction costs$(2,582)$2,795 
(Decrease) / increase to expenses as a result of stock-based compensation expense4,119 19,593 
Nonrecurring pro forma adjustments include:
Transaction costs of $2.8 million are assumed to have occurred on January 1, 2021, and are recognized as if incurred in the first quarter of 2021;
Employee compensation in connection with the retention awards, incentive plan awards, sign-on bonuses, and deferred shares are assumed to have started on January 1, 2021, and recognized as incurred based on their respective periods.
The unaudited pro forma information presented below is for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of our consolidated results of operations of the combined business had the acquisition actually occurred at the beginning of fiscal year 2021 or the results of our future operations of the combined businesses (in thousands).
December 31,
20222021
(Unaudited)
Revenue$46,422 $49,804 
Net loss(447,736)(260,813)
Solfice Assets Acquisition
On June 15, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition from Solfice of certain assets for an aggregate consideration of $6.3 million, payable in Class A common stock of the Company, that are expected to advance Luminar’s mapping software development capabilities. The transaction was determined to be an asset acquisition under ASC 805, Business Combinations, with substantially all of the fair value attributable to acquired technology.
Optogration Acquisition
On August 3, 2021, (the “Optogration Acquisition Date”) the Company completed its acquisition of Optogration. The Optogration acquisition helps the Company secure intellectual property and supply of Indium Gallium Arsenide (“InGaAs”) photodetector semiconductor chips, which are used to convert optical power into an electrical current. The acquisition of Optogration is part of the Company’s vertical integration strategy, which helps to secure the supply of a key component of its sensor technology.
Pursuant to the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement between the Company and Optogration, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Optogration for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $6.3 million payable in Class A common stock of the Company. Subsequent to the Optogration Acquisition Date, up to $22.0 million of post combination share-based awards may be payable to certain selling shareholders of Optogration, subject to certain service and performance conditions. These post combination shared-based awards were determined to be compensatory in nature and consequently are being expensed over the vesting period of these awards. In August 2022, the Company issued 1,632,056 shares of Class A common stock for $11.0 million of the Optogration Milestone Awards due to achievement of the service and performance conditions. As of December 31, 2022, it is probable that the service and performance conditions for the remaining $11.0 million obligation will be met.
The results of operations related to Optogration are included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations beginning from the Optogration Acquisition Date. The impact of the acquisition on the consolidated financial results of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2021 was not material.
Recording of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed
Estimates of fair value included in the consolidated financial statements, in conformity with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, represent the Company’s best estimates and valuations. In accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, the allocation of the consideration value is subject to adjustment until the Company has completed its analysis, but not to exceed one year after the Optogration Acquisition Date to provide the Company with the time to complete the valuation of its assets and liabilities.
Settlement of a pre-existing agreement with Optogration
Prior to the acquisition, the Company had contracted with Optogration as a supplier. In assessing whether said pre-existing supply contract was at market, favorable or unfavorable from the Company’s perspective, the Company assessed whether the terms of the supply contract, including pricing, were consistent with what the Company would have required from another company that would have contracted for similar products and production volumes. The Company concluded that the supply agreement was at market, and thus no gain or loss was recognized upon effective settlement of the pre-existing supply agreement.
The following table summarizes the purchase price allocation to assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including identification of measurement period adjustments:
Recorded Value
Cash and cash equivalents$358 
Accounts receivable810 
Other current assets482 
Property and equipment1,248 
Other non-current assets384 
Intangible assets (1)2,650 
Goodwill (2)2,244 
     Total assets acquired8,176 
Current Liabilities(488)
Non-current liabilities(1,346)
     Total liabilities assumed(1,834)
      Net assets acquired$6,342 
(1) Identifiable intangible assets were measured using the income approach.
(2) Goodwill is the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents the expected future economic benefits as a result of other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. Goodwill is not amortized. The factors that made up the goodwill recognized included assembled workforce and component cost savings. Goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
Identifiable intangible assets recognized:
Useful LifeRecorded Value
Customer relationships10 years$780 
Tradename
≤ 1 year
120 
Developed technology10 years1,750 
Total intangible assets$2,650 
Reverse Merger with Gores
On December 2, 2020, Gores consummated the Business Combination pursuant to that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated August 24, 2020 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among Gores, Dawn Merger Sub, Inc. (“First Merger Sub”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Gores, Dawn Merger Sub II, LLC (“Second Merger Sub”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Gores, and Legacy Luminar. In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination (the “Closing”), the registrant changed its name from Gores Metropoulos, Inc. to Luminar Technologies, Inc.
Immediately following the Business Combination, there were 323,936,240 shares of common stock, consisting of 218,818,037 shares of Class A common stock and 105,118,203 shares of Class B common stock with a par value of $0.0001 issued and outstanding, options to purchase an aggregate of 16,224,474 shares of Class A common stock and warrants to purchase, 4,089,280 shares of Class A common stock.
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the Company’s stockholders were entitled to receive an aggregate of up to 25,819,887 earn-out shares in the form of common stock (with respect to the Company’s Class A stockholders’ shares of Class A common stock and with respect to the Company’s Class B stockholders’ shares of Class B common stock). There were six
different triggering events that affect the number of earn-out shares that will be issued based upon the per share price of Class A common stock ranging from $13.00 to $28.00 per share. On August 11, 2021, the Company issued a total of 17,213,170 earn-out shares towards additional consideration in the form of common stock, consisting of 10,242,703 shares of Class A common stock and 6,970,467 shares of Class B common stock, upon meeting four of six triggering events. The shares issued were based upon the Class A common stock trading price exceeding $13.00, $16.00, $19.00 and $22.00 per share for a certain period of time. There are 5,121,484 shares of Class A common stock and 3,485,233 shares of Class B common stock remaining under the Merger Agreement, which will be issued in equal parts if the Class A common stock share price exceeds $25.00 and $28.00 per share for a certain period of time.
The Company accounts for the potential earn-out shares as a component of stockholders’ equity in accordance with the guidance in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. On December 2, 2020, the Company estimated the fair value of the potential earn-out shares to be $587.7 million, which was estimated using a Monte Carlo Model and Level 3 fair value inputs including volatility of 58.5% and a contractual term of 5.5 years. This was recorded as an increase in additional paid-in capital with an offsetting amount recorded in the same account, due to the absence of retained earnings.
The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with GAAP as Legacy Luminar has been determined to be the accounting acquirer, primarily due to the fact that Legacy Luminar stockholders continue to control the post-combination Company. Under this method of accounting, while Gores was the legal acquirer, it has been treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, the Business Combination was treated as the equivalent of Legacy Luminar issuing stock for the net assets of Gores, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of Gores were stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Operations prior to the Business Combination are those of Legacy Luminar. Reported shares and earnings per share available to holders of the Company’s common stock, prior to the Business Combination, have been retroactively restated as shares reflecting the exchange ratio established in the Business Combination (approximately 1 Gores shares to 13.63094 Luminar shares).
The Company incurred $17.2 million in transaction costs relating to the merger with Gores, which has been offset against additional paid-in capital in the Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit). On the date of the Business Combination, the Company recorded a liability related to the Public and Private Warrants of $102.4 million, with an offsetting entry to additional paid-in capital.
Upon closing of the Business Combination, the shareholders’ of Gores were issued 49,981,349 shares of Class A common stock. In connection with the Closing, holders of 18,651 shares of common stock of Gores were redeemed at a price per share of $10.16.