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As filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission on July 9, 2021.

Registration No. 333-

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

ORANGE COUNTY BANCORP, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware

(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

6712

(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)

26-1135778

(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

212 Dolson Avenue
Middletown, New York 10940
(845) 341-5000

(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)

Michael J. Gilfeather
President and Chief Executive Officer
212 Dolson Avenue
Middletown, New York 10940
(845) 341-5000

(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent for Service)

Copies to:

Benjamin M. Azoff, Esq.
Jeffrey M. Cardone, Esq.
Luse Gorman, PC
5335 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Suite 780
Washington, D.C. 20015
(202) 274-2000

Christina M. Gattuso, Esq.
Stephen F. Donahoe, Esq.
Kilpatrick Townsend & Stockton LLP
607 14th Street, NW, Suite 900
Washington, DC 20005
(202) 508-5800

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this registration statement becomes effective.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box: ☐

If this Form is filed to register additional shares for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering: ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering: ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering: ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:

	Large accelerated filer ☐			Accelerated filer ☐
	Non-accelerated filer ☒			Smaller reporting company ☒
				Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE


Title of each class of securities to be registered	Proposed maximum aggregate offering price(1)(2)	Amount of registration fee
Common Stock, $0.50 par value per share	$1,000,000	$110.00

(1)

Estimated solely for purposes of calculating the amount of the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(o) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

(2)

Includes the aggregate offering price of additional shares that the underwriter has the option to purchase.

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

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The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We and the selling stockholders may not sell these securities until the Registration Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JULY, 9, 2021

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

[•] Shares

COMMON STOCK

This is the initial public offering of common stock of Orange County Bancorp, Inc., the holding company for Orange Bank & Trust Company, a New York state-chartered trust company headquartered in Middletown, New York and Hudson Valley Investment Advisors, Inc., a registered investment advisor.

We are offering [•] shares of common stock and the selling stockholders are offering [•] shares of our common stock. We will not receive any proceeds from the sales of shares by the selling stockholders.

Shares of our common stock are quoted on the OTCQX Market operated by the OTC Markets Group, Inc., or OTCQX, under the symbol “OCBI.” On [•], the last reported sales price for shares of our common stock as reported on the OTCQX was $[•] per share. We have applied to list our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “OBT.”

We anticipate that the public offering price of our common stock will be between $[•] and $[•] per share.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 and, as such, have elected to comply with certain reduced public company disclosure standards.

Investing in our common stock involves risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 19 of this prospectus to read about factors you should consider before investing in our common stock.

	Per Share	Total
Public offering price
Underwriting discounts(1)
Proceeds to us, before expenses
Proceeds to the selling stockholders, before expenses

(1)

The offering of our common stock will be conducted on a firm commitment basis. See “Underwriting” for a description of all underwriting compensation payable and expense reimbursement in connection with this offering.

The underwriters have an option to purchase up to an additional [•] shares from us at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount, within 30 days from the date of this prospectus. Of the [•] shares subject to the underwriters’ option, [•] shares will be offered by us and [•] shares will be offered by the selling stockholders.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The shares of our common stock in this offering are not savings accounts, deposits or other obligations of any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency.

The underwriters expect to deliver the shares of our common stock against payment on or about [•], 2021.

The date of this prospectus is [•], 2021

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	SUMMARY					1
	RISK FACTORS					19
	CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS					38
	USE OF PROCEEDS					40
	CAPITALIZATION					41
	DILUTION					42
	DIVIDEND POLICY					44
	MARKET FOR THE COMMON STOCK					46
	SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA					47
	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS					51
	BUSINESS					83
	SUPERVISION AND REGULATION					102
	MANAGEMENT					113
	EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION					118
	CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS					125
	PRINCIPAL AND SELLING STOCKHOLDERS					126
	DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK					129
	SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE					131
	CERTAIN MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES FOR NON-U.S. HOLDERS OF COMMON STOCK					133
	UNDERWRITING					136
	LEGAL MATTERS					139
	EXPERTS					139
	WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION					139

About This Prospectus

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus that we authorize to be delivered to you. We, the selling stockholders and the underwriters have not authorized anyone to provide you with different or additional information. We, the selling stockholders and the underwriters are not making an offer of these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of this prospectus. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

Unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus to “we,” “our,” “us,” “Orange County Bancorp” or “the Company” refer to Orange County Bancorp, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries Orange Bank & Trust Company, which we sometimes refer to as “the Bank” and Hudson Valley Investment Advisors, Inc., which we sometimes refer to as “HVIA.”

Market and Industry Data

Within this prospectus, we reference certain market, industry and demographic data and other statistical information. We have obtained this data and information from various independent, third party industry sources and publications. Nothing in the data or information used or derived from third party sources should be construed as advice. Some data and other information are also based on our good faith estimates, which are derived from our review of internal surveys and independent sources. We believe that these external sources and estimates are reliable, but have not independently verified them. Statements as to

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our market position are based on market data currently available to us. Although we are not aware of any misstatements regarding the economic, employment, industry and other market data presented herein, these estimates involve inherent risks and uncertainties and are based on assumptions that are subject to change.

Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company

As a company with less than $1.07 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of reduced reporting requirements and is relieved of certain other significant requirements that are otherwise generally applicable to public companies. As an emerging growth company:

•

we may present as few as two years of audited financial statements and two years of related management discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations;

•

we are exempt from the requirement to obtain an attestation report from our auditors on management’s assessment of our internal control over financial reporting under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;

•

we are permitted to provide reduced disclosure regarding our executive compensation arrangements pursuant to the rules applicable to smaller reporting companies, which means we do not have to include a compensation discussion and analysis and certain other disclosures regarding our executive compensation; and

•

we are not required to hold non-binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements.

In addition to the relief described above, the JOBS Act permits us an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards affecting public companies. We have irrevocably determined to take advantage of this extended transition period, which means that the financial statements included in this prospectus, as well as financial statements that we file in the future, may not be comparable to the financial statements of public companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards on a non-delayed basis.

In this prospectus, we have elected to take advantage of the reduced disclosure requirements relating to executive compensation, and we may take advantage of any or all of these exemptions for so long as we remain an emerging growth company. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the end of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenues of $1.07 billion or more, (ii) the end of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of this offering, (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt and (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

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SUMMARY

This summary highlights selected information contained in greater detail elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary may not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our securities. You should carefully read this entire prospectus, including the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the notes related thereto before making an investment decision. Some of the statements in this prospectus constitute forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Our Company

We are a bank holding company headquartered in Middletown, New York and registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHC Act”). Through our wholly owned subsidiaries, Orange Bank & Trust Company, a New York state-chartered trust company, and Hudson Valley Investment Advisors, Inc., a registered investment advisor, we offer full-service commercial and consumer banking products and services and trust and wealth management services to small businesses, middle-market enterprises, local municipal governments and affluent individuals in the Lower Hudson Valley region, the New York metropolitan area and nearby markets in Connecticut and New Jersey. The Company’s main office is located at 212 Dolson Avenue, Middletown, New York 10940.

By combining the high-touch service and relationship-based focus of a community bank with the extensive suite of financial products and services offered by our larger competitors, we believe we can capitalize on the substantial growth opportunities available in our market areas. We also offer a variety of deposit accounts to businesses and consumers, including a full line of municipal banking accounts. These products and services offered through our 14 branch offices and one loan production office, generate a stable source of low-cost core deposits and a diverse loan portfolio with attractive risk-adjusted yields. As of March 31, 2021, our assets, loans, deposits and stockholders’ equity totaled $1.9 billion, $1.2 billion, $1.7 billion and $135.1 million, respectively. Orange Bank & Trust Company’s trust department and HVIA had a combined $1.2 billion in assets under management at March 31, 2021.

As a bank holding company, we are subject to the supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“FRB”). We are required to file with the FRB reports and other information regarding our business operations and the business operations of our subsidiaries. As a state-chartered trust company that is a member of the Federal Reserve System, the Bank is subject to primary supervision, periodic examination and regulation by the New York State Department of Financial Services (“NYSDFS”) and by the FRB as its primary federal regulator.

Recent Growth and Profitability

•

The board of directors hired our current President and Chief Executive Officer, Michael Gilfeather, in 2014 to improve the growth trajectory of the Company.

•

Significant investments in people, systems and expanding our geographic footprint have led to strong balance sheet growth and enhanced profitability. Our total assets have grown from $1.1 billion at December 31, 2018 to $1.9 billion at March 31, 2021, while our net income has increased from $7.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 to $11.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.

•

A targeted effort to attract low to zero cost business deposits over the past seven years has resulted in significant growth in assets. These funds, combined with unprecedented government stimulus and liquidity in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, have resulted in a large growth in deposits, which we have been able to deploy to support strong loan growth and used to maintain liquidity.

•

Combined assets under management from our trust and wealth management services through our trust services department and HVIA grew from $926.7 million at December 31, 2018 to $1.2 billion at March 31, 2021.

•

We believe our investments in our bankers, infrastructure and technology in recent years has improved our efficiency ratio. Specifically, our efficiency ratio has decreased from 74.65% for the

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year ended December 31, 2018 to 62.03% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 even though full-time equivalent employees increased from 166 at December 31, 2018 to 195 at March 31, 2021.

•

Compounded annual loan growth (excluding Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans) of 21.0% over the last five years from December 31, 2015 to December 31, 2020.

•

Compounded annual deposit growth of 18.5% over the last five years from December 31, 2015 to December 31, 2020.

•

Lenders and lending support staff grew from 17 to 47 employees from December 31, 2014 to March 31, 2021.

•

Six new branches and one loan production office opened and two branch offices were sold or closed from December 31, 2015 to March 31, 2021.

Business Segments

Business Banking. We are committed to serving as a community-oriented financial institution focused on small-to medium-sized businesses, professionals, entrepreneurs and corporate executives. In addition, the Bank’s private banking service caters to the business and personal needs of high net-worth individuals and business owners. We offer a full suite of financial products, including checking, savings and money market accounts, certificates of deposit and treasury management services.

The Company has successfully recruited seasoned lenders with expertise and proven track records in its historic and expanded operating markets. These lenders typically have long standing relationships with businesses in our local community, such as real estate developers and owners, enabling them to serve as trusted advisors across financial transactions and products.

The Company has enjoyed particularly strong growth in its newer markets of Rockland and Westchester Counties, which offer significant growth potential as a function of market size and demographics, while Orange County continues to represent approximately 50% of the Bank’s deposits. The following tables show our loan (including PPP loans) and deposit compositions as of March 31, 2021.

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Private Banking. In August 2017, following extensive research and planning, the Bank successfully launched its private banking initiative, which now has approximately 400 clients. This concierge-level service integrates and leverages all four of the Company’s core businesses — deposits, loans, asset management (through our investment adviser subsidiary HVIA) and trust and estate services — to provide dedicated, personalized attention to clients with larger, more complex banking needs who engage in significant business with us.

Trust Services & Wealth Management. Through the trust department of the Bank, we offer traditional trust and administration services to local clients and have a niche focus on Special Needs Trust and Guardianship services. Founded as “Orange County Trust and Safe Deposit Company” in 1892, trust services held a prominent role among our early business lines. Our business has evolved over the years as demonstrated by our name change to Orange Bank & Trust Company in 2016, but trust services remain a vital and vibrant part of our business today. As a measure of our ongoing commitment to trust services, we hired dedicated personnel with expertise in the unique requirements of the Special Needs Trust sub-sector for oversight of the division several years ago. This has resulted in meaningful revenue growth and profitability.

We offer asset management, financial planning and wealth management services through our wholly owned subsidiary, HVIA, an SEC registered investment advisor, which we acquired in November 2012. HVIA manages investments for institutional and high net-worth individuals, which includes endowments, pension plans and not for profits, as well as sub-advisory investments. HVIA is in the process of expanding its product capabilities and expanding third-party product distribution.

We recently launched the Orange Wealth Management initiative, which includes services offered by HVIA, our private bank and trust department in a coordinated strategy for growth. We believe that there may be significant cross-selling opportunities with our high net-worth and business clients through this new platform.

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The following table shows our total assets under management through both the trust department of the Bank and HVIA as of March 31, 2021.

[MISSING IMAGE: tm2116829d1-pc_totasst4c.jpg]

Our History

Born of the vision of 14 founders, the Bank opened for business in May 1892 as Orange County Trust and Safe Deposit Company. In 2016, the Bank rebranded itself as Orange Bank & Trust Company to reflect its ambitions to expand in the Lower Hudson Valley region and the New York City metropolitan area. The chart below sets forth our business evolutions and milestones.

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Our Market Area

We define our operating area broadly as the Lower Hudson Valley, which includes diverse and economically distinct markets. Our banking operations are located principally in Orange, Westchester, Rockland and Bronx Counties in New York, which we refer to as our geographic footprint, where we operate 14 full-service branches and one loan production office. While most of our business takes place in these markets, we also work with several specific commercial clients with operations outside this region.

Since 2013, we have sought to leverage knowledge and relationships developed over our long operating history and our firm commitment to customer service across a strategically expanded footprint. This was formalized with the opening of new branch locations in Westchester and Rockland Counties in 2015, and has

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since driven meaningful market share growth in these markets. This includes compounded annual deposit growth of 30.9% and 33.9% for the Westchester and Rockland markets, respectively, during the three-year period ended December 31, 2020. More recently, we entered the strong growth market of Bronx, New York with a loan production office in November 2019 and a full-service branch in July 2021.

Orange County Bank & Trust Locations

[MISSING IMAGE: tm2116829d3-map_oranco4clr.jpg]

Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence.

While focused on driving growth across all of our markets and product lines, we believe our expanded presence in Westchester and Rockland Counties will be the largest contributor to future asset growth due to the significant deposit base in the Lower Hudson Valley market. As of March 31, 2021, 32.7% of our loans and 44.5% of our deposits were in Westchester and Rockland Counties. We are also currently building a new branch in Nanuet, located in Rockland County, with an anticipated opening in the third quarter of 2021. We view all of our recent and planned location openings as natural and logical extensions for the Bank and consistent with our geographic footprint.

[MISSING IMAGE: tm2116829d3-pc_loangeo4c.jpg]

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Our operating markets have demographic, economic and competitive dynamics that we believe are favorable to continued execution of our growth strategy:

Orange County. Orange County, located 60 miles from New York City, is an attractive and stable market. Our 129-year-operating history in the region provides us a strong foundation for growth and low-cost deposit funding. Economic activity in the region stems from local business activity and increasing support services to the New York metropolitan area. With a population estimated as of January 1, 2021 of 387,768 and a median household income of $82,420 as of the same date, the local economy is distinct and somewhat insulated from economic activity in New York City and Westchester County, and includes a growing number of service, warehousing, and logistical businesses. Recent developments in the region include significant population growth during the COVID-19 pandemic as professionals relocated away from urban markets.

Westchester and Rockland Counties. Westchester and Rockland Counties serve as our primary growth markets, and we believe their combination of size, attractive demographics, strong growth characteristics, and economic diversity provide significant opportunities to grow our business. The Westchester and Rockland market area has a diversified economy typical of suburban population centers, with the majority of employment provided by services, wholesale/retail trade, finance/ insurance/real estate and manufacturing. Services account for the largest employment sector across both counties, while wholesale/retail trade accounts for the second largest employment sector.

Westchester and Rockland Counties are large, wealthy markets with median household incomes of $102,782 and $94,873, respectively and a combined population of 1,294,444, all estimated as of January 1, 2021. An unbalanced market of bigger banks and with only a few small community banks, has created an attractive competitive landscape that has strengthened our reputation as a leading local bank for small businesses within this market area. We believe our small market share relative to our size also provides the opportunity for long-term growth.

Bronx County. The Bronx market is densely populated with 1,414,708 residents estimated as of January 1, 2021 and has a diversified economy typical of most urban population centers. The majority of employment provided is by services, wholesale/retail trade and finance/insurance/real estate with services accounting for the largest employment sector in the county. With a median household income of $43,015 estimated as of January 1, 2021, the Bronx is home to a significant number of health care and social assistance businesses and non-profit organizations. A persistent need for housing in the region generates constant growth through demand for construction lending and refinancing activity.

Our Business Strategy

Our goal is to build the premier business bank in the Lower Hudson Valley, primarily through organic growth of our client base. We focus on small-to medium-sized businesses (characterized as businesses with annual revenues of less than $50 million), attorneys and other professionals, and provide a broad range of banking services to businesses, high net-worth individuals, business owners and retail customers. We believe the local economies in our geographic footprint offer us significant growth opportunities we can capitalize on through our focus on personalized service, and our ability to realize greater economies of scale than smaller community banks.

Leverage our Relationships and Service Capabilities to Drive Organic Growth. From our modest beginning in 1892, our founders understood the Bank’s success would be closely tied to that of the communities in which we operate, and that long-term value creation would require an uncompromising commitment to service and the establishment of enduring relationships with our clients. That vision continues to drive the Company today, as we serve customers in Orange, Rockland, and Westchester Counties and the Bronx through a network of 14 branches, one loan production office and approximately 200 employees. Our core competencies include familiarity with our clients and providing the highest quality services and solutions, enabling us to attract business customers across our traditional and expanded geographic footprint. The objective is to be a trusted advisor to our clients as they build their businesses with our resources, support and advice.

Derive Further Loan Growth Through Differentiated Service. We have consistently demonstrated our ability to generate robust loan growth and capture additional share in our operating markets. We have been

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able to do so based on strong client relationships and targeted development efforts. The majority of our loan growth comes from existing clients and referrals, with the latter resulting from our focus on key centers of influence in our communities, such as law firms and accounting practices. We also believe our senior management’s availability for consultation on a daily basis offers customers a quicker response time on loan applications and other transactions, as well as greater confidence that these transactions will close, than competitors, whose decisions, in some cases, are being made in distant headquarters. We believe this level of service also gives us a pricing advantage, often enabling us to obtain higher loan rates than our competitors, while still securing the business and client relationship.

Continue to Grow our Core Deposit Franchise. The strength of our deposit franchise is derived from our long-standing relationships with our clients and the strong ties we have to the markets we serve. Our deposit footprint has provided, and we believe will continue to provide, primary support for the growth of our loan portfolio. Core deposits (excluding time deposits) comprise 94.8% of our total funding, with a low cost of 0.16% for the quarter ended March 31, 2021. A key element of our strategy to enhance funding sources is our cash management services, which has helped our team expand the depth and efficiency of our product offerings, and is expected to contribute to profitability, account growth, and customer retention going forward. Additionally, by continuing to broaden our suite of business services, from sophisticated cash management to enhanced commercial lending, deposits and loans grew to $1.5 billion and $1.2 billion at year end 2020, up 37.5% and 29.2%, respectively, over year end 2019. We expect this growth to continue as the Bank continues to incorporate the tools our clients need to operate more efficiently and profitably. We also believe our strong commercial and public sector relationships will supplement our retail deposit base, further enhancing deposit growth and, ultimately, leading to continued growth of our loan portfolio. Deposits from municipalities totaled $279.1 million, or 16.1% of our total deposits, at March 31, 2021. Municipal deposits grew to $198.5 million at year end 2020, up nearly 14% over year end 2019.

Continue to Build Fee-Based Business. We have built a strong foundation of fee-based revenue through our trust services and wealth management businesses. Like our core banking business, our trust and advisory services have also achieved significant recent milestones, with combined assets under management in the two divisions reaching $1.2 billion at March 31, 2021. As we have successfully done with our banking business, we intend to expand HVIA’s services into Westchester and Rockland Counties. Additionally, our private banking service continued to grow in 2020 and now enables approximately 400 clients to fully leverage the resources and capabilities of our platform. Each of our fee-based businesses is run by an experienced team and has scalable infrastructure to support additional growth with little added expense. We believe our integrated approach to client relationships, growing market position and expanded service offerings will provide significant cross selling and new business opportunities in the future.

Capitalize on Market Disruption. We intend to continue to take advantage of recent economic disruption in our operating markets, which we believe has created an environment of underbanked customers. The acquisitions of competitors in these markets have also created opportunities to hire seasoned bankers who we believe can thrive under our business model and take advantage of customer dissatisfaction with large, less personalized banks and/or recently merged institutions. We have successfully employed this strategy in the past, hiring 37 experienced bankers from merged institutions and acquiring HVIA from Provident New York Bancorp in 2012.

We believe such opportunities remain to be capitalized upon and will continue to present themselves with future consolidation. The tables below reflect merger activity in and around our geographic footprint since 2012.

Announcement Date

Acquiror Name

Acquiror State

Target Name

Target State

Target County

6/29/2021

Valley National Bancorp

The Westchester Bank Holding Company

Westchester

6/16/2021

Rhodium BA Holdings LLC

Sunnyside Bancorp Inc.

Westchester

4/19/2021

Webster Financial Corp.

Sterling Bancorp

Rockland

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Announcement Date

Acquiror Name

Acquiror State

Target Name

Target State

Target County

7/12/2018

ConnectOne Bancorp, Inc.

Greater Hudson Bank

Rockland

12/16/2016

Wallkill Valley FS&LA

Hometown Bancorp Inc (MHC)

Orange

11/5/2014

Sterling Bancorp

Hudson Valley Holding Corp.

Westchester

9/25/2014

Putnam County SB

CMS Bancorp Inc.

Westchester

Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence.

We believe that ongoing reduction in the number of locally-managed community banks provides the opportunity for us to offer sophisticated banking products and services targeting small and middle market businesses, to expand our customer base, increase assets, and enhance profitability.

Strategic Expansion. While Orange County remains our home, ongoing investments in Rockland, Westchester and Bronx Counties continue to be significant drivers of our growth and profitability. Most recently, we entered the Bronx, New York market with a loan production office in 2019 and branch office in 2021. We are also currently building a new branch in Nanuet, Rockland County, with a planned opening in the third quarter 2021. We view these locations as natural and logical extensions of the Bank given our footprint and experience in the region. The exploration of new opportunities for expansion will remain a key initiative within the Company’s strategy.

Engage in Opportunistic M&A. We are currently focused on organic growth in our geographic markets and have no current plans or arrangements for acquisitions. We may, however, evaluate acquisitions that we believe could produce attractive returns for our stockholders. These could include fee-based businesses, whole bank or branch acquisitions that would improve our market position in geographies with attractive demographics and business trends, expand our existing branch network in existing markets, enhance our earnings power or product and service offerings, or expand our wealth management activities.

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe the following strengths differentiate us from our competitors and position us to execute our business strategy successfully:

Premier commercial bank in the Lower Hudson Valley region. We are the largest locally headquartered bank and the 14th largest bank overall in the Lower Hudson Valley (Orange, Westchester and Rockland Counties) based on deposit market share. Our extensive suite of financial products and services, combined with our growth goals and initiatives, has made us attractive to lenders and business development professionals who prefer to work in a community bank setting, as well as customers who seek the personal attention of a community bank. The markets we serve have experienced significant bank consolidation and we have a demonstrated track record in attracting both talent and customers created from this disruption. We believe having publicly traded common stock will further enhance our ability to attract and retain talented bank professionals. We intend to continue to expand our physical presence in the Lower Hudson Valley region

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[MISSING IMAGE: tm2116829d3-bc_median4c.jpg]

Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence estimated as of January 1, 2021.

(1)

Represents the blended median household income for all Orange County markets.

Attractive core deposit franchise. We have a deposit franchise supported by substantial core deposits, which we define as total deposits less certificates of deposit, and a strong level of noninterest-bearing demand deposit accounts. As of March 31, 2021, core deposits comprised 94.8% of total deposits and 133.4% of total loans, while noninterest bearing core deposits comprised 34.5% of total deposits. We did not have any brokered deposits (excluding reciprocal deposits obtained through the Certificate Deposit Account Registry Service (CDARS) and Insured Cash Sweep (ICS) networks) at March 31, 2021. Our low-cost, core deposit base results from a unique combination of being Orange County’s go-to community bank for consumers for more than 100 years, combined with our emphasis on banking businesses, not-for-profit institutions, municipalities and other organizations. We believe that our robust core deposit generation is powered by our strong personal service, visibility in our communities, a wide array of commercial banking and treasury management product offerings, and convenient services such as remote deposit capture and commercial internet banking. We also employ deposit-focused business development officers to generate deposit relationships.

Well positioned for a rising interest rate environment. In anticipation of a rising interest rate environment, we have focused our business on core deposit relationships and maintaining a liquid balance sheet. At March 31, 2021, our ratio of total loans to total deposits was 70.1%. We believe the relationship-based nature of our deposit portfolio reduces our interest rate risk relative to our local peers and competitors. During the last rising interest rate cycle from 2015 until 2019, our cost of deposit funding

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exhibited lower change and remained well-below our local peers. Our total deposit beta (defined as the relative change between deposit funding costs and changes in the federal funds rate) was 5.4%, significantly below our local peer level of 26.9%.

[MISSING IMAGE: tm2116829d3-lc_costtot4c.jpg]

Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence

(1)

Deposit beta is calculated as the change in the bank’s deposit costs as a percentage of the change in the Fed Fund Rate, measured from 2015Q1 to 2019Q1.

(2)

Local Peers include NASDAQ, NYSE, NYSEAM, and OTC-traded U.S. banks and thrifts in the NYC MSA with total assets under $50 billion as of 2021Q1, excluding merger targets and mutual institutions.

Unique and complementary ability to offer private banking and wealth management services to our clients. Another area of differentiation relative to local competitors is our ability to offer private banking and wealth management services to our customers. We offer private banking through Orange Bank & Trust Private Banking, a division of Orange Bank & Trust Company, and provide trust and wealth management services through Orange Bank & Trust Company’s trust services department and HVIA, which has $1.2 billion in combined assets under management at March 31, 2021. Our private banking, trust services and wealth management offerings are highly complementary and round out a full suite of products available to our clients. Our client-driven, high-tech and high-touch business model is focused on four primary areas: (1) Cash Management and Treasury Services; (2) Lending (primarily commercial lending); (3) Trust, Estate and Custody Services; and (4) Investment Advisory (through HVIA).

Through HVIA, we offer financial planning and wealth management services. HVIA has $963 million of assets under management, including $290 million sub-serviced for the Bank’s trust department at March 31, 2021. Excluding the sub-serviced assets under management, the $672 million of assets held under management by HVIA represented 54.6% of total assets under management at March 31, 2021. Separate from HVIA, our trust services department of the Bank offers both traditional trust and administration services to our local clients with a niche focus on Special Needs Trust and Guardianship services. The trust services department has approximately $558 million of assets under management, representing 45.4% of total assets under management at March 31, 2021.

Disciplined underwriting and credit administration. Our management and credit administration team fosters a strong risk management culture supported by comprehensive policies and procedures for credit underwriting, funding, and loan administration and monitoring that we believe has enabled us to establish strong credit quality. We monitor categories of lending activity within our portfolio and establish sub-limits

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that we review regularly and adjust in response to changes in our lending strategy and market conditions. Furthermore, at 1.47% of loans excluding PPP loans, our reserve levels exceed the median level of NASDAQ traded bank and savings and loan holding companies, banks and thrifts (excluding merger targets) with consolidated assets between $1.0 billion and $3.0 billion.

Scalable operating model. We have invested heavily over the last several years in people and infrastructure to support and enhance our ability to provide a full range of commercial and retail financial services to our clients. These investments include over 60 additions to our full-time equivalent employees since 2014, and six branch and one loan production office openings with two branch offices sold or closed to optimize our franchise footprint occurring between 2015 and March 31, 2021. Most recently, we opened our Bronx, New York branch in July 2021. We are also currently building a new branch in Nanuet, Rockland County, with a planned third quarter 2021 opening. Other investments have focused on developing a full range of transaction services, such as online business banking, merchant processing, and mobile banking and creating customized software for certain industry verticals. As a result of these investments, we believe we have the operating leverage and infrastructure to support significant growth without a corresponding increase in expenses.

Risks Relating to Our Company and an Investment in Our Common Stock

An investment in our common stock involves substantial risks and uncertainties. Investors should carefully consider all of the information in this prospectus, including the detailed discussion of these and other risks under “Risk Factors” beginning on page 19, prior to investing in our common stock. Some of the more significant risks include the following:

•

The ongoing global COVID-19 outbreak could harm our business and results of operations, and such effects will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and are difficult to predict.

•

We have granted payment deferrals to borrowers that have experienced financial hardship due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and if those borrowers are unable to resume making payments, we will experience an increase in non-accrual loans, which could adversely affect our earnings and financial condition.

•

A substantial portion of our business is in Orange, Westchester, Rockland and Bronx Counties in New York, therefore, our business is particularly vulnerable to an economic downturn in our primary market area.

•

We have a significant number of loans secured by real estate, and a downturn in the local real estate market could negatively impact our profitability.

•

Our emphasis on commercial real estate loans involves risks that could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

•

Imposition of limits by bank regulators on commercial real estate lending activities could curtail our growth and adversely affect our earnings.

•

A large portion of our loan portfolio is comprised of commercial and industrial loans secured by receivables, inventory, equipment or other commercial collateral, the deterioration in value of which could increase the potential for future losses.

•

If our allowance for loan losses is not sufficient to cover actual loan losses, our earnings could decrease.

•

If our non-performing assets increase, our earnings will be adversely affected.

•

A portion of our loan portfolio consists of loan participations. Loan participations may have a higher risk of loss than loans we originate because we are not the lead lender and we have limited control over credit monitoring.

•

A portion of our loan portfolio consists of loan purchases we do not service, which may have a higher risk of loss than loans we originate because these loans are secured by assets outside our primary market area.

•

Involvement in wealth management creates risks associated with the industry.

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•

We may not be able to attract and retain wealth management clients.

•

Municipal deposits are an important source of funds for us and a reduced level of those deposits may hurt our profits.

•

We may not be able to grow, and if we do, we may have difficulty managing that growth.

•

Interest rate shifts may reduce net interest income and otherwise negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations.

•

Cyber-attacks or other security breaches could adversely affect our operations, net income or reputation.

•

We rely heavily on our executive management team and other key employees for our successful operations, and we could be adversely affected by the unexpected loss of their services.

•

We may be unable to successfully compete with others for business.

•

We operate in a highly regulated environment and may be adversely affected by changes in federal, state and local laws and regulations.

•

Non-compliance with the USA PATRIOT Act, Bank Secrecy Act, or other laws and regulations could result in fines or sanctions.

•

An active, liquid trading market for our common stock may not develop, and you may not be able to sell your common stock at or above the public offering price, or at all.

•

Our management will have broad discretion as to the use of proceeds from this offering, and we may not use the proceeds effectively.

•

Our directors and executive officers and members of the Morrison family beneficially own a significant portion of our common stock and have substantial influence over us.

•

Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, and certain banking laws applicable to us, could have an anti-takeover effect that decreases our chances of being acquired, even if our acquisition is in our stockholders’ best interests.

Corporate Information

Our principal executive offices are located at 212 Dolson Avenue, Middletown, New York 10940 and our telephone number at that address is (845) 341-5000. Our website address is www.orangebanktrust.com. The information contained on our website is not a part of, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus.

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The Offering

Common stock offered by us

[•] shares

Common stock offered by the selling stockholders

[•] shares

Underwriters’ purchase option

[•] shares from us

Common stock outstanding after completion of this offering

[•] shares (or [•] shares if the underwriters exercise their purchase option in full).

Use of proceeds

We estimate that the net proceeds to us from this offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses, will be approximately $[•] million (or approximately $[•] million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full), based on an assumed public offering price of $[•] per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus. We intend to use the net proceeds of the offering to support the growth of Orange Bank & Trust Company, including providing capital to Orange Bank & Trust Company to support growth of its operations, such as the expansion of its lending and wealth management activities, to support growth in HVIA’s trust and wealth management business, to finance strategic acquisitions to the extent the opportunities arise and for other general corporate purposes, which could include other growth initiatives. We have no current plans, arrangements or understandings relating to any specific acquisition or similar transaction,

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock by the selling stockholders. See “Use of Proceeds.”

Dividend policy

We have paid a dividend for at least 37 consecutive years. In fiscal 2020, and through the second quarter of 2021, we paid total dividends of $1.20 per share, or an annualized yield of % and %, respectively, based on an assumed market price of $ per share. Subject to the approval of our board of directors and regulatory restrictions, we intend to continue the payment of a cash dividend of $0.20 per share on a quarterly basis to holders of our common stock. Our board of directors will make any determination whether to pay dividends and the amount of any such dividends based upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital and regulatory restrictions and other relevant factors. See “Dividend Policy.”

Listing and trading symbol

We intend to apply to list our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “OBT.”

Directed Share Program

At our request, the underwriters have reserved up to [•]% of the shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus for sale, at the initial public offering price, to our directors, officers, principal stockholders, employees, business associates, and related persons who have expressed an interest in purchasing our common stock in this offering. We will offer these shares to the extent permitted under applicable regulations in the United States through a directed share program. See the section entitled “Underwriting — Directed Share Program.”

Risk factors

See “Risk Factors” for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our common stock.

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Summary Historical Consolidated Financial Data

The following table sets forth summary historical consolidated financial data as of the dates and for the periods shown. The summary balance sheet data as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 and the summary income statement data for the years then ended have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The summary balance sheet data as of December 31, 2018 and the summary income statement data for the year then ended is derived from our audited financial statements not included in this prospectus. The summary consolidated financial data as of March 31, 2021 and for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 is derived from our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus and includes all normal and recurring adjustments that we consider necessary for a fair presentation. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021 or any other period. The information should be read in conjunction with “Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data,” “Risk Factors,” “Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

	At March 31, 2021			At December 31,
	At March 31, 2021			2020		2019			2018
	(In thousands)
Selected Financial Condition Data:
Total assets		$	1,908,754		1,664,936		$	1,229,552		$	1,065,612
Cash and due from banks			253,091		121,232			25,112			18,374
Securities available for sale			359,372		330,105			254,915			255,536
Loans, net			1,215,345		1,136,566			879,849			727,349
Cash surrender value of BOLI			28,691		28,520			27,818			27,128
Deposits			1,733,559		1,489,294			1,083,132			905,008
FHLB advances			—		—			5,000			35,500
Subordinated debt			19,340		19,323			—			—
Note payable			3,000		3,000			3,000			3,057
Stockholders’ equity			135,081		135,423			122,063			109,279

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,						For the Years Ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2020			2019			2018
	(In thousands)
Selected Operating Data:
Interest income		$	14,762		$	12,643		$	53,461		$	48,121		$	38,699
Interest expense			1,022			1,289			4,722			4,840			2,787
Net interest income			13,740			11,354			48,739			43,281			35,912
Provision for loan losses			66			1,200			5,413			2,195			2,465
Net interest income after provision for loan losses			13,674			10,154			43,326			41,086			33,447
Noninterest income			2,892			2,541			11,423			9,814			10,019
Noninterest expense			10,316			9,591			40,231			36,491			34,286
Income before income taxes			6,250			3,104			14,518			14,409			9,180
Income tax expense			1,225			628			2,839			2,928			1,628
Net income		$	5,025		$	2,476		$	11,679		$	11,481		$	7,552

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	At or For the Three Months Ended March 31,(1)						At or For the Years Ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2020			2019			2018
Performance Ratios:
Return on average assets			1.13%			0.76%			0.76%			0.97%			0.73%
Return on average equity			14.94%			8.06%			9.02%			9.94%			8.18%
Return on average tangible equity(2)			16.01%			8.64%			9.57%			10.66%			8.96%
Interest rate spread(3)			3.13%			3.49%			3.17%			3.67%			3.60%
Net interest margin(4)			3.28%			3.69%			3.36%			3.88%			3.71%
Efficiency ratio(5)			62.03%			69.02%			66.87%			68.73%			74.65%
Efficiency ratio, as adjusted(6)			62.03%			69.02%			67.78%			68.45%			74.65%
Noninterest income to average total assets			0.66%			0.78%			0.75%			0.83%			0.97%
Noninterest income to total revenue(7)			17.39%			18.29%			19.24%			18.41%			21.81%
Noninterest expense to average total assets			2.35%			2.95%			2.63%			3.08%			3.31%
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities			158.20%			149.83%			156.00%			147.06%			137.91%
Average equity to average total assets			7.56%			9.39%			8.48%			9.75%			8.90%
Share and Per Share Data:
Basic and diluted earnings		$	1.12		$	0.55		$	2.59		$	2.56		$	1.87
Cash dividends paid		$	0.20		$	0.20		$	0.80		$	0.80		$	0.80
Book value		$	30.08		$	28.22		$	30.21		$	27.10		$	24.28
Tangible book value(8)		$	28.46		$	26.55		$	28.57		$	25.41		$	22.52
Dividend payout ratio(9)			17.86%			36.36%			30.89%			31.25%			42.78%
Weighted average number of shares Outstanding			4,483,139			4,510,420			4,508,508			4,484,317			4,034,633
Number of shares outstanding			4,490,973			4,518,128			4,483,102			4,504,389			4,501,125
Capital Ratios:(10)
Tangible common equity to tangible assets(11)			6.72%			8.90%			7.73%			9.37%			9.59%
Total capital to risk weighted assets			13.64%			13.54%			13.49%			13.87%			14.93%
Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets			12.39%			12.29%			12.24%			12.62%			13.67%
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets			12.39%			12.29%			12.24%			12.62%			13.67%
Tier 1 capital to average assets			8.19%			9.13%			8.16%			9.47%			9.67%
Asset Quality Ratios:
Non-performing assets to total assets			0.13%			0.25%			0.15%			0.18%			0.19%
Non-performing loans to total loans			0.20%			0.36%			0.22%			0.25%			0.27%
Allowance for loan losses to non-performing loans			667.61%			401.46%			641.24%			550.20%			530.76%
Allowance for loan losses to total loans			1.32%			1.44%			1.40%			1.38%			1.44%
Net charge-offs to average outstanding loans during the period			0.00%			0.00%			0.15%			0.07%			0.05%
Other:
Number of offices			14			14			14			13			14
Number of full-time equivalent employees			195			187			192			184			166

(1)

Annualized for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

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(2)

This is a non-GAAP financial measure. See our reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures under the caption “Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data — Non-GAAP Financial Measure Reconciliation.”

(3)

Represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities for the periods.

(4)

The net interest margin represents net interest income as a percent of average interest-earning assets for the periods.

(5)

The efficiency ratio represents non-interest expense divided by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.

(6)

The efficiency ratio, as adjusted represents non-interest expense divided by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income, excluding gains or losses from securities sales. This is a non-GAAP financial measure. See our reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures under the caption “Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data — Non-GAAP Financial Measure Reconciliation.”

(7)

We calculate revenue as net interest income plus noninterest income, excluding gains or losses from securities sales, before provision for loan losses for the relevant periods. This is a non-GAAP financial measure. See our reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures under the caption “Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data — Non-GAAP Financial Measure Reconciliation.”

(8)

We calculate tangible book value per common share as total stockholders’ equity less goodwill and other intangibles, divided by the outstanding number of shares of our common stock at the end of the relevant period. Tangible book value per common share is a non-GAAP financial measure, and, as we calculate tangible book value per common share, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is book value per common share. See our reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures under the caption “Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data — Non-GAAP Financial Measure Reconciliation.”

(9)

The dividend payout ratio represents dividends paid per share divided by net income per share.

(10)

Ratios are for Orange Bank & Trust Company only.

(11)

We calculate tangible common equity as total stockholders’ equity less goodwill and other intangibles, and we calculate tangible assets as total assets less goodwill and other intangibles. This is a non-GAAP financial measure. See our reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures under the caption “Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data — Non-GAAP Financial Measure Reconciliation.”

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RISK FACTORS

You should carefully consider the following risk factors, in addition to all other information in this prospectus, in evaluating an investment in our common stock.

Risks Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic

The ongoing global COVID-19 outbreak could harm our business and results of operations, and such effects will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and are difficult to predict.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to negatively impact economic and commercial activity and financial markets, both globally and within the United States. In our market area, stay-at-home orders, travel restrictions and closure of non-essential businesses — and similar orders imposed across the United States to restrict the spread of COVID-19 — resulted in significant business and operational disruptions, including business closures, supply chain disruptions, and mass layoffs and furloughs. Although local jurisdictions have subsequently lifted stay-at-home orders and moved to phased opening of businesses, capacity restrictions and health and safety recommendations that encourage continued physical distancing and working remotely have limited the ability of businesses to return to pre-pandemic levels of activity and employment.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a specific impact on our business, including: (1) causing some of our borrowers to be unable to meet existing payment obligations, particularly borrowers disproportionately affected by business shutdowns and travel restrictions; (2) requiring us to increase our allowance for loan losses; (3) affecting consumer and business spending, borrowing and savings habits, which resulted in significant deposit growth, and increased liquidity in a low-rate environment; and (4) net interest margin compression — interest rates on our interest-earning assets declining at a faster pace than interests rates on our interest-bearing liabilities — which was substantially impacted by the FRB’s reduction of the benchmark federal funds rate in March 2020 to a target range of 0% to 0.25% in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Other factors likely to have an adverse effect on our operating results include: (1) reduced fees as we waive certain fees for our customers impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) possible constraints on liquidity and capital, due to supporting client activities or regulatory actions; (3) potential losses in our investment securities portfolio or declines in assets held under management due to volatility in the financial markets; and (4) higher operating costs, increased cybersecurity risks and potential loss of productivity while we work remotely. Lastly, our commercial real estate and multi-family loans are dependent on the profitable operation and management of the properties securing such loans. The longer the pandemic persists, the stronger the likelihood that COVID-19 could have a significant adverse impact by reducing the revenue and cash flows of our borrowers, impacting the borrowers’ ability to repay their loan, increasing the risk of delinquencies and defaults, and reducing the collateral value underlying the loans.

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will ultimately affect our financial condition and operations is unknown and will depend, among other things, on the duration of the pandemic, the actions undertaken by national, state and local governments and health officials to contain the virus or mitigate its effects, the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines that have been developed and the ability of pharmaceutical companies and governments to continue to manufacture and distribute those vaccines, changes to interest rates, and how quickly and to what extent economic conditions improve and normal business and operating conditions resume. Any one or a combination of these factors could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects.

Consistent with the encouragement provided by federal and state banking regulators after the spread of COVID-19 in the United States, we have worked constructively with borrowers who have experienced financial hardship resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and negotiated accommodations or forbearance arrangements that temporarily reduce or defer the monthly payments due to us. Generally, these accommodations are for three-to-six months and allow customers to temporarily cease making principal

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and/or interest payments. Through March 31, 2021, we have deferred payments with respect to loans totaling approximately $345.6 million, and as of March 31, 2021, $32.2 million remained subject to a payment deferral. Upon the expiration of the deferral period, borrowers are required to resume making previously scheduled loan payments. It is possible that some borrowers may be unable to make timely loan payments after their deferral period ends, in which case their loan will be classified as non-accrual and we will begin collection activities. Non-performing loans and related charge-offs may increase as payment deferrals expire and the impact of government stimulus programs decreases. An increase in non-performing loans and related charge-offs would cause an increase to our allowance for loan losses, which would adversely affect our earnings and financial condition.

Customary means to collect non-performing assets may be prohibited or impractical during the COVID-19 pandemic, and there is a risk that collateral securing a non-performing asset may deteriorate if we choose not to, or are unable to, foreclose on collateral in a timely manner.

Federal and state banking agencies and government entities, including New York State, have adopted regulations or put in place executive orders that restrict or limit our ability to take certain actions with respect to delinquent borrowers that we would otherwise have taken in the ordinary course of business, such as customary collection and foreclosure activities. Specifically, New York State has placed a “moratorium” on evictions and foreclosures and the moratorium has recently been extended through August 31, 2021 for people experiencing a hardship related to COVID-19. If the moratorium is extended further, or if the backlog of foreclosure cases are not processed efficiently, there is an increased risk that the collateral value may deteriorate if we choose not to, or are unable to, foreclose on the collateral on a timely basis.

Risks Related to Economic Conditions

We primarily serve businesses, municipalities and individuals located in Orange, Westchester, Rockland and Bronx Counties, New York. As a result, we are exposed to risks associated with lack of geographic diversification. The occurrence of an economic downturn in these areas, or adverse changes in laws or regulations in New York due to the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic or otherwise, could impact the credit quality of our assets, the businesses of our customers and the ability to expand our business. Our success significantly depends upon the growth in population, income levels, deposits and housing in our market area. If the communities in which we operate do not grow or if prevailing economic conditions locally or nationally are unfavorable, our business may be negatively affected.

In addition, the market value of the real estate securing loans as collateral could be adversely affected by unfavorable changes in market and economic conditions. As of March 31, 2021, 77.1% of our loan portfolio was secured by real estate located in Westchester, Rockland and Bronx Counties, New York. Adverse developments affecting commerce or real estate values in the local economies in our primary market areas could increase the credit risk associated with our loan portfolio and have an adverse impact on our revenues and financial condition. In particular, we may experience increased loan delinquencies, which could result in a higher provision for loan losses and increased charge-offs. Any sustained period of increased non-payment, delinquencies, foreclosures or losses caused by adverse market or economic conditions in our market area could adversely affect the value of our assets, revenues, results of operations and financial condition.

We have a significant number of loans secured by real estate, and a downturn in the local real estate market could negatively impact our profitability.

At March 31, 2021, approximately $857.7 million, or 69.6%, of our total loan portfolio was secured by real estate, almost all of which is located in our primary lending market. Future declines in the real estate values in the New York City metropolitan area and in Orange, Westchester and Rockland Counties and surrounding markets could significantly impair the value of the particular collateral securing our loans and our ability to sell the collateral upon foreclosure for an amount necessary to satisfy the borrower’s obligations to us. This could require increasing our allowance for loan losses to address the decrease in the

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value of the real estate securing our loans, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.

Risks Related to Lending Activities

Our emphasis on commercial real estate loans involves risks that could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our loan portfolio includes commercial real estate loans, primarily loans secured by commercial retail space, office buildings and multifamily properties. At March 31, 2021, our commercial real estate loans totaled $786.3 million, or 63.8%, of our total loan portfolio. Our commercial real estate loans expose us to greater risk of non-payment and loss than one- to four-family family residential mortgage loans because repayment of the loans often depends on the successful operation and income stream of the borrowers. If we foreclose on these loans, our holding period for the collateral typically is longer than for a one- to four-family residential property because there are fewer potential purchasers of the collateral. In addition, the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic could adversely impact the value of the properties securing the loan or the revenue from the borrower’s business, thereby increasing the risk of non-performing loans. Moreover, commercial real estate loans typically involve larger loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers compared to one- to four-family residential loans. Accordingly, charge-offs on commercial real estate loans may be larger on a per loan basis than those incurred with our residential or consumer loan portfolios. An unexpected adverse development on one or more of these types of loans can expose us to a significantly greater risk of loss compared to an adverse development with respect to a one- to four-family residential mortgage loan.

Imposition of limits by bank regulators on commercial real estate lending activities could curtail our growth and adversely affect our earnings.

In 2006, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) and the FRB (collectively, the “Agencies”) issued joint guidance entitled “Concentrations in Commercial Real Estate Lending, Sound Risk Management Practices” (the “CRE Guidance”). Although the CRE Guidance did not establish specific lending limits, it provides that a bank’s commercial real estate lending exposure could receive increased supervisory scrutiny where total non-owner-occupied commercial real estate loans, including loans secured by apartment buildings, investor commercial real estate, and construction and land loans, represent 300% or more of an institution’s total risk-based capital, and the outstanding balance of the commercial real estate loan portfolio has increased by 50% or more during the preceding 36 months. Commercial real estate loans represent 345% of our risk-based capital at March 31, 2021 and the outstanding balance of our commercial real estate loan portfolio has increased by 112% during the 36 months preceding March 31, 2021.

In December 2015, the Agencies released a new statement on prudent risk management for commercial real estate lending (the “2015 Statement”). In the 2015 Statement, the Agencies, among other things, indicate the intent to continue “to pay special attention” to commercial real estate lending activities and concentrations going forward. If the FRB, our primary federal regulator, were to impose restrictions on the amount of such loans we can hold in our portfolio or require us to implement additional compliance measures, for reasons noted above or otherwise, our earnings could be adversely affected as would our earnings per share.

At March 31, 2021, $233.6 million, or 19.0% of our total loan portfolio, consisted of commercial and industrial loans (excluding PPP loans). Our commercial and industrial loans are collateralized by general business assets, including accounts receivable, inventory and equipment and generally backed by a personal guaranty of the borrower or principal. These commercial and industrial loans are typically larger in amount than loans to individuals and, therefore, have the potential for larger losses on a per loan basis.

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Further, the repayment of commercial and industrial loans is dependent upon the degree of success of the borrower’s underlying business. The collateral securing such loans may decline in value more rapidly than we anticipate, or may be difficult to market, sell or appraise, exposing us to increased credit risk. Significant adverse changes in the economy or local market conditions in which our commercial lending customers operate could cause rapid declines in loan collectability and the values associated with general business assets, resulting in inadequate collateral coverage that may expose us to credit losses and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If our allowance for loan losses is not sufficient to cover actual loan losses, our earnings could decrease.

We make various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of our loan portfolio, including the creditworthiness of our borrowers and the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of many of our loans. In determining the amount of the allowance for loan losses, we review our loans and our loss and delinquency experience, and we evaluate economic conditions. If our assumptions or the results of our analyses are incorrect, our allowance for loan losses may not be sufficient to cover losses inherent in our loan portfolio, resulting in additions to our allowance. In addition, our emphasis on loan growth and on increasing our portfolios of commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans, as well as any future credit deterioration, including as a result of COVID-19, could require us to increase our allowance for loan losses in the future. At March 31, 2021, our allowance for loan losses was 1.32% of total loans and 667.61% of non-performing loans. Material additions to our allowance would materially decrease our net income.

In addition, bank regulators periodically review our allowance for loan losses and, as a result of such reviews, we may be required to increase our provision for loan losses or recognize further loan charge-offs. Any increase in our allowance for loan losses or loan charge-offs as a result of such review or otherwise may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

If our non-performing assets increase, our earnings will be adversely affected.

At March 31, 2021, our non-performing assets, which consist of non-performing loans and other real estate owned, were $2.4 million, or 0.13% of total assets. Our non-performing assets adversely affect our net income in various ways:

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we record interest income only on the cash basis or cost-recovery method for non-accrual loans and we do not record interest income for other real estate owned;

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we must provide for probable loan losses through a current period charge to the provision for loan losses;

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non-interest expense increases when we write down the value of properties in our other real estate owned portfolio to reflect changing market values;

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there are legal fees associated with the resolution of problem assets, as well as carrying costs, such as taxes, insurance, and maintenance fees; and

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the resolution of non-performing assets requires the active involvement of management, which can distract them from more profitable activity.

If additional borrowers become delinquent and do not pay their loans and we are unable to successfully manage our non-performing assets, our losses and troubled assets could increase, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We participate in commercial real estate loans and commercial and industrial loans with other financial institutions from time to time in which we are not the lead lender. Our commercial real estate loan participations are limited to our geographic lending market, which includes the Hudson Valley, the New York City Metropolitan area, New Jersey and Connecticut. Our commercial and industrial loan participations are also limited to our geographic lending market and are generally secured by blanket UCC liens. At

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March 31, 2021, commercial real estate loan participations for which we were not the lead lender totaled $85.1 million, or 12.0%, of our commercial real estate loan portfolio, and commercial and industrial loan participations for which we were not the lead lender totaled $16.2 million, or 4.6%, of our commercial and industrial loan portfolio.

We underwrite each commercial real estate loan and commercial and industrial loan that we participate in and establish the loan classification and loan provision using the same criteria we use for loans we originate. Loan participations may have a higher risk of loss than loans we originate because we rely on the lead lender to service and to monitor the performance of the loan. Moreover, our decisions regarding the classification of a loan participation and loan loss provisions associated with a loan participation are made in part based upon information provided by the lead lender. A lead lender also may not monitor a participation loan in the same manner as we would for loans that we originate. At March 31, 2021, no loan participations were delinquent 60 days or more. If our underwriting of these participation loans is not sufficient or if these loans do not perform as we expect, our non-performing loans may increase and our earnings may decrease.

We purchase commercial and industrial loans from time to time outside our market area. We have purchased loans primarily to the medical industry that are secured by UCC blanket liens on all business assets and are distributed throughout the United States. These loan purchases may have a higher risk of loss than loans we originate because they are located outside of our primary market area. All loans purchased are in compliance with our approved underwriting standards specific to purchased loans under this program. These loans may have a higher risk of loss as our decision regarding the classification of these loans and loan loss provisions associated with these loans are made in part based upon information provided by the servicer. At March 31, 2021, our purchased commercial and industrial loans totaled $55.6 million, or 4.5%, of our loan portfolio and 15.6% of our commercial and industrial loan portfolio, none of which were delinquent 60 days or more. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we also purchased $19.3 million of loans from a partially guaranteed consumer loan program. As of March 31, 2021, the aggregate balance of the purchased loans under this program was $14.6 million or approximately 1% of our loan portfolio. If our underwriting of these purchased loans is not sufficient or these loans do not perform as we expect, our non-performing loans may increase and our earnings may decrease.

As a participating lender in the SBA’s PPP, we are subject to added risks, including credit, fraud, and litigation risks.

In April 2020, we began processing loan applications under the PPP as an eligible lender with the benefit of a government guarantee of loans to small business clients, many of whom may face difficulties even after being granted such a loan. PPP loans have contributed to our loan growth during 2020 and the first quarter of 2021.

As a participant in the PPP, we face increased risks, particularly in terms of credit, fraud and litigation risks. The PPP opened to borrower applications shortly after the enactment of its authorizing legislation, and, as a result, there is some ambiguity in the laws, rules and guidance regarding the program’s operation. Subsequent rounds of legislation and associated agency guidance have not provided needed clarity and in certain instances have potentially created additional inconsistencies and ambiguities. Accordingly, we are exposed to risks relating to compliance with PPP requirements, including the risk of becoming the subject of governmental investigations, enforcement actions, private litigation and negative publicity.

We have additional credit risk with respect to PPP loans if a determination is made by the SBA that there is a deficiency in the manner in which the loan was originated, funded or serviced, such as an issue with the eligibility of a borrower to receive a PPP loan, which may or may not be related to the ambiguity in the laws, rules and guidance regarding the operation of the PPP. In the event of a loss resulting from a default on a PPP loan and a determination by the SBA that there was a deficiency in the manner in which the PPP loan was originated, funded, or serviced by us, the SBA may deny its liability under the guaranty, reduce the amount of the guarantee or, if it has already paid under the guarantee, seek recovery of any loss related to the deficiency from the Bank.

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Also, PPP loans are fixed, low interest rate loans that are guaranteed by the SBA and subject to numerous other regulatory requirements, and a borrower may apply to have all or a portion of the loan forgiven. If PPP borrowers fail to qualify for loan forgiveness, we face a heightened risk of holding these loans at unfavorable interest rates for an extended period of time.

Furthermore, since the launch of the PPP, several larger banks have been subject to litigation regarding the process and procedures that such banks used in processing applications for the PPP, and we may be exposed to the risk of litigation, from both customers and non-customers that approached us regarding PPP loans, relating to these or other matters. Also, many financial institutions throughout the country have been named in putative class actions regarding the alleged non-payment of fees that may be due to certain agents who facilitated PPP loan applications. The costs and effects of litigation related to PPP participation could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Wealth Management

Involvement in wealth management creates risks associated with the industry.

At March 31, 2021, we had approximately $1.2 billion in assets under management. Our wealth management operations with HVIA and our trust and administration services provided through the Bank’s trust services department present special risks not borne by institutions that focus exclusively on other traditional retail and commercial banking products. For example, the investment advisory industry is subject to fluctuations in the stock market that may have a significant adverse effect on transaction fees, client activity and client investment portfolio gains and losses. Also, additional or modified regulations may adversely affect our wealth management and trust services operations. In addition, our wealth management and trust service operations are dependent on a small number of established financial advisors and other service providers, whose departure could result in the loss of a significant number of client accounts. A significant decline in fees and commissions or trading losses suffered in the investment portfolio could adversely affect our income and potentially require the contribution of additional capital to support our operations.

We may not be able to attract and retain wealth management clients.

Due to strong competition, our wealth management business may not be able to attract and retain clients. Competition is strong because there are numerous well-established and successful investment management and wealth advisory firms including commercial banks and trust companies, investment advisory firms, mutual fund companies, stock brokerage firms, and other financial companies. Many of our competitors have greater resources than we have. Our ability to successfully attract and retain wealth management clients is dependent upon our ability to compete with competitors’ investment products, level of investment performance, client services and marketing and distribution capabilities. If we are not successful, our results of operations and financial condition may be negatively impacted.

The wealth management industry is subject to extensive regulation, supervision and examination by regulators, and any enforcement action or adverse changes in the laws or regulations governing our business could decrease our revenues and profitability.

The wealth management business is subject to regulation by a number of regulatory agencies that are charged with safeguarding the integrity of the securities and other financial markets and with protecting the interests of customers participating in those markets. In the event of non-compliance with regulation, governmental regulators, including the SEC and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, may institute administrative or judicial proceedings that may result in censure, fines, civil penalties, the issuance of cease-and-desist orders or the deregistration or suspension of the non-compliant broker-dealer or investment adviser or other adverse consequences. The imposition of any such penalties or orders could have a material adverse effect on the wealth management segment’s operating results and financial condition. We may be adversely affected as a result of new or revised legislation or regulations. Regulatory changes have imposed and may continue to impose additional costs, which could adversely impact our profitability.

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Risks Related to Municipal Deposits

Municipal deposits are an important source of funds for us and a reduced level of those deposits may hurt our profits.

Municipal deposits are a significant source of funds for our lending and investment activities. At March 31, 2021, $279.1 million, or 16.1% of our total deposits, consisted of municipal deposits from local government entities such as county, village and town governments, school districts, fire departments and other municipalities, which are collateralized by investment securities. Given our dependence on high-average balance municipal deposits as a source of funds, our inability to retain such funds could significantly and adversely affect our liquidity. Further, our municipal deposits are primarily demand deposit accounts or short-term time deposits and are therefore more sensitive to interest rate risks. If we are forced to pay higher rates on our municipal accounts to retain those funds, or if we are unable to retain such funds and we are forced to resort to other sources of funds for our lending and investment activities, such as borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank (the “FHLB”), the interest expense associated with these other funding sources may be higher than the rates we are currently paying on our municipal deposits, which would adversely affect our net income.

Risks Related to Our Growth Strategy

We may not be able to grow, and if we do we may have difficulty managing that growth.

Our business strategy is to continue to grow our assets and expand our operations, including through potential strategic acquisitions. While we continue to explore acquisition opportunities as they arise, there are no plans or arrangements to make any acquisitions in the near future. Our ability to grow depends, in part, upon our ability to expand our market share, successfully attract core deposits, and to identify loan and investment opportunities as well as opportunities to generate fee-based income. We can provide no assurance that we will be successful in increasing the volume of our loans and deposits at acceptable levels and upon terms acceptable to us. We also can provide no assurance that we will be successful in expanding our operations organically or through strategic acquisitions while managing the costs and implementation risks associated with this growth strategy.

We expect to continue to experience growth in the number of our employees and customers and the scope of our operations, but we may not be able to sustain our historical rate of growth or continue to grow our business at all. Our success will depend upon the ability of our officers and key employees to continue to implement and improve our operational and other systems, to manage multiple, concurrent customer relationships, and to hire, train and manage our employees. If we are unable to perform these tasks and meet these challenges effectively, including continuing to attract core deposits and identify loan and investment opportunities, our operations, and consequently our earnings, could be adversely impacted.

Future acquisitions could disrupt our business and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We may choose to expand by making acquisitions, including of other financial institutions, branches or fee-based businesses, that could be material to our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Acquisitions involve many risks, including the following:

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an acquisition may negatively affect our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows because it may require us to incur charges or assume substantial debt or other liabilities, may cause adverse tax consequences or unfavorable accounting treatment, may expose us to claims and disputes by third parties, or may not generate sufficient financial return to offset additional costs and expenses related to the acquisition;

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we may encounter difficulties or unforeseen expenditures in integrating the operations of any company that we acquire, particularly if key personnel of the acquired company decide not to work for us;

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we may not achieve the revenues or synergies we expect if customers of the acquired company decide not to continue with us or we are unsuccessful in obtaining the expected cost savings from the transaction;

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an acquisition may disrupt our ongoing business, divert resources, increase our expenses and distract our management;

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an acquisition may involve the entry into geographic or business markets in which we have little or no prior experience or where competitors have stronger market positions;

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if we incur debt to fund such acquisition, such debt may subject us to material restrictions on our ability to conduct our business as well as financial maintenance covenants; and

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to the extent that we issue a significant amount of equity securities in connection with future acquisitions, existing stockholders may be diluted and earnings per share may decrease.

The occurrence of any of these risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Risks Related to Market Interest Rates

Interest rate shifts may reduce net interest income and otherwise negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations.

The majority of our banking assets are monetary in nature and subject to risk from changes in interest rates. Like most community banks, our earnings and cash flows depend to a great extent upon the level of our net interest income, or the difference between the interest income we earn on loans, investments and other interest-earning assets, and the interest we pay on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. Changes in interest rates can increase or decrease our net interest income, because different types of assets and liabilities may react differently, and at different times, to market interest rate changes.

When interest-bearing liabilities mature or reprice more quickly, or to a greater degree than interest-earning assets in a period, an increase in interest rates could reduce net interest income. Similarly, when interest-earning assets mature or reprice more quickly, or to a greater degree than interest-bearing liabilities, falling interest rates could reduce net interest income. An increase in interest rates may, among other things, reduce the demand for loans and our ability to originate loans and decrease loan repayment rates. Conversely, a decrease in the general level of interest rates may affect us through, among other things, increased prepayments on our loan portfolio and increased competition for deposits. Accordingly, changes in the level of market interest rates affect our net yield on interest-earning assets, loan origination volume and our overall results. Although our asset-liability management strategy is designed to control and mitigate exposure to the risks related to changes in market interest rates, those rates are affected by many factors outside of our control, including governmental monetary policies, inflation, deflation, recession, changes in unemployment, the money supply, international disorder and instability in domestic and foreign financial markets.

A continuation of the historically low interest rate environment and the possibility that we may access higher-cost funds to support our loan growth and operations may adversely affect our net interest income and profitability.

In recent years the FRB’s policy has been to maintain interest rates at historically low levels through its targeted federal funds rate and the purchase of mortgage-backed securities. Our ability to reduce our interest expense may be limited at current interest rate levels while the average yield on our interest-earning assets may continue to decrease, and our interest expense may increase if we need to access higher cost non-core funding sources or increase deposit rates to fund our operations. A continuation of a low interest rate environment or an increase in our cost of funds may adversely affect our net interest margin and net interest income, which would have an adverse effect on our profitability.

Risks Related to Operations and Security

We face significant operational risks because the nature of the financial services business involves a high volume of transactions.

We rely on the ability of our employees and systems to process a high number of transactions. Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from our operations, including but not limited to, the risk of

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fraud by employees or persons outside our company, the execution of unauthorized transactions by employees, errors relating to transaction processing and technology, breaches of our internal control systems and compliance requirements. Insurance coverage may not be available for such losses, or where available, such losses may exceed insurance limits. This risk of loss also includes the potential legal actions that could arise as a result of operational deficiencies or as a result of non-compliance with applicable regulatory standards, adverse business decisions or their implementation, or customer attrition due to potential negative publicity. In the event of a breakdown in our internal control systems, improper operation of systems or improper employee actions, we could suffer financial loss, face regulatory action, and/or suffer damage to our reputation.

Cyber-attacks or other security breaches could adversely affect our operations, net income or reputation.

We regularly collect, process, transmit and store significant amounts of confidential information regarding our customers, employees and others and concerning our business, operations, plans and strategies. In some cases, this confidential or proprietary information is collected, compiled, processed, transmitted or stored by third parties on our behalf.

Information security risks have generally increased in recent years because of the proliferation of new technologies, the use of the Internet and telecommunications technologies to conduct financial and other transactions and the increased sophistication and activities of perpetrators of cyber-attacks and mobile phishing. Mobile phishing, a means for identity thieves to obtain sensitive personal information through fraudulent e-mail, text or voice mail, is an emerging threat targeting the customers of financial entities. A failure in or breach of our operational or information security systems, or those of our third-party service providers, as a result of cyber-attacks or information security breaches or due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions could adversely affect our business, result in the disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary information, damage our reputation, increase our costs and/or cause losses.

If this confidential or proprietary information were to be mishandled, misused or lost, we could be exposed to significant regulatory consequences, reputational damage, civil litigation and financial loss.

Although we employ a variety of physical, procedural and technological safeguards to protect this confidential and proprietary information from mishandling, misuse or loss, these safeguards do not provide absolute assurance that mishandling, misuse or loss of the information will not occur, and that if mishandling, misuse or loss of information does occur, those events will be promptly detected and addressed. Similarly, when confidential or proprietary information is collected, compiled, processed, transmitted or stored by third parties on our behalf, our policies and procedures require that the third party agree to maintain the confidentiality of the information, establish and maintain policies and procedures designed to preserve the confidentiality of the information, and permit us to confirm the third party’s compliance with the terms of the agreement. However, these safeguards do not provide absolute assurance that mishandling, misuse or loss of the information will not occur, and that if mishandling, misuse or loss of information does occur, those events will be promptly detected and addressed. As information security risks and cyber threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend additional resources to continue to enhance our information security measures and/or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities.

We rely on third party vendors, which could expose us to additional cybersecurity risks.

Third party vendors provide key components of our business infrastructure, including certain data processing and information services. Accordingly, our operations are exposed to risk that these vendors will not perform in accordance with our contractual agreements with them, or we also could be adversely affected if such an agreement is not renewed by the third party vendor or is renewed on terms less favorable to us. If our third-party providers encounter difficulties, or if we have difficulty communicating with those service providers, our ability to adequately process and account for transactions could be affected, and our business operations could be adversely affected, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Threats to information security also exist in the processing of customer information through various other vendors and their personnel. To our knowledge, the services and programs provided to us by third parties have not experienced any material security breaches. However, the existence of cyber-attacks or security breaches at third parties with access to our data, such as vendors, may not be disclosed to us in a timely manner.

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We rely heavily on our executive management team and other key employees for our successful operation, and we could be adversely affected by the unexpected loss of their services.

Our success depends in large part on the performance of our key personnel at Orange Bank & Trust Company and HVIA, as well as on our ability to attract, motivate and retain highly qualified senior and middle management and other skilled employees. Competition for employees is intense, and the process of locating key personnel with the combination of skills and attributes required to execute our business plan may be lengthy. We may not be successful in retaining our key employees, and the unexpected loss of services of one or more of our key personnel at Orange Bank & Trust Company or HVIA could have a material adverse effect on our business because of their skills, knowledge of our primary markets, years of industry experience and the difficulty of promptly finding qualified replacement personnel. If the services of any of our key personnel should become unavailable for any reason, we may not be able to identify and hire qualified persons on terms acceptable to us, or at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and future prospects. See “Management.”

The cost of additional finance and accounting systems, procedures and controls in order to satisfy our new public company reporting requirements will increase our expenses.

As a result of the completion of this stock offering, we will become a public reporting company. We expect that the obligations of being a public company, including the substantial public reporting obligations, will require significant expenditures and place additional demands on our management team. We have made, and will continue to make, changes to our internal controls and procedures for financial reporting and accounting systems to meet our reporting obligations as a public company. However, the measures we take may not be sufficient to satisfy our obligations as a public company. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes Oxley Act”) requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, starting with the second annual report that we would expect to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Any failure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, we may need to hire additional compliance, accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical knowledge, and we may not be able to do so in a timely fashion. As a result, we may need to rely on outside consultants to provide these services for us until qualified personnel are hired. These obligations will increase our operating expenses and could divert our management’s attention from our operations.

The implementation of the Current Expected Credit Loss accounting standard could require us to increase our allowance for loan losses and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 replaces the incurred loss model with a lifetime loss model, which is referred to as the current expected credit loss model, or CECL. CECL will become effective for us beginning January 1, 2023. This standard requires earlier recognition of expected credit losses on loans and certain other instruments, compared to the incurred loss model. The change to the CECL framework requires us to greatly increase the data we must collect and review to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for credit losses. The adoption of CECL may result in greater volatility in the level of the allowance for credit losses, depending on various factors and assumptions applied in the model, such as the reasonable and supportable forecasted economic conditions and loan payment behaviors. Any increase in the allowance for credit losses, or expenses incurred to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for credit losses, may have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our ability to maintain our reputation is critical to the success of our business, and the failure to do so may materially adversely affect our performance.

We are a community bank and our reputation is one of the most valuable assets of our business. A key component of our business strategy is to rely on our reputation for customer service and knowledge of local markets to expand our presence by capturing new business opportunities from existing and prospective customers in our market area and contiguous areas. As such, we strive to conduct our business in a manner

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that enhances our reputation. This is done, in part, by recruiting, hiring and retaining employees who share our core values of being an integral part of the communities we serve, delivering superior service to our customers and caring about our customers. If our reputation is negatively affected by the actions of our employees, by our inability to conduct our operations in a manner that is appealing to current or prospective customers, or otherwise, our business and operating results may be materially adversely affected.

Our risk management framework may not be effective in mitigating risk and reducing the potential for significant losses.

Our risk management framework is designed to minimize risk and loss to us. We seek to identify, measure, monitor, report and control our exposure to risk, including strategic, market, liquidity, compliance and operational risks. While we use broad and diversified risk monitoring and mitigation techniques, these techniques are inherently limited because they cannot anticipate the existence or future development of currently unanticipated or unknown risks. Recent economic conditions and heightened legislative and regulatory scrutiny of the financial services industry, among other developments, have increased our level of risk. Accordingly, we could suffer losses if we fail to properly anticipate and manage these risks.

Risks Related to Competitive Matters

We may be unable to successfully compete with others for business.

We operate in a highly competitive banking market. We compete for loans and deposits with numerous regional and national banks and other community banking institutions, as well as with securities firms, insurance companies, savings associations, credit unions, mortgage brokers and private lenders. The trust department of the Bank competes with national trust companies and local attorneys for fiduciary appointments. In addition, HVIA competes with a multitude of investment companies, from online providers to similarly structured investment advisors. Many competitors have substantially greater resources than we do. The differences in resources may make it harder for us to compete profitably, reduce the rates that we can earn on loans and investments, increase the rates we must offer on deposits and other funds, and adversely affect our overall financial condition and earnings.

The financial services industry could become even more competitive as a result of continuing legislative, regulatory and technological changes and continued industry consolidation. Banks, securities firms and insurance companies can merge under the umbrella of a financial holding company, which can offer virtually any type of financial service, including banking, securities underwriting, insurance (both agency and underwriting) and merchant banking. Also, technology has lowered barriers to entry and made it possible for non-banks to offer products and services traditionally provided by banks, such as automatic transfer and automatic payment systems. Many of our competitors have fewer regulatory constraints and may have lower cost structures. Additionally, due to their size, many competitors may be able to achieve economies of scale and, as a result, may offer a broader range of products and services than we can as well as better pricing for those products and services than we can.

Risk Related to Laws and Regulations

We operate in a highly regulated environment and may be adversely affected by changes in federal, state and local laws and regulations.

We are subject to extensive regulation, supervision and examination by the FRB and the NYSDFS. Such regulation, supervision and examination govern the activities in which we may engage, and are intended primarily for the protection of the deposit insurance fund and our depositors and not for the protection of our stockholders. Federal and state regulatory agencies have the ability to take supervisory actions against financial institutions that have experienced increased loan losses and exhibit underwriting or other compliance weaknesses. These actions include entering into formal or informal written agreements and cease and desist orders that may place certain limitations on their operations. If we were to become subject to a regulatory action, such action could negatively impact our ability to execute our business plan, and result in operational restrictions, as well as our ability to grow, pay dividends, repurchase stock or engage in mergers and acquisitions. Any change in such regulation and oversight, whether in the form of regulatory

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policy, regulations, legislation or supervisory action, may have a material impact on our operations. Further, changes in accounting standards can be both difficult to predict and involve judgment and discretion in their interpretation by us and our independent accounting firms. These changes could materially impact, potentially even retroactively, how we report our financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to stringent capital requirements, which may adversely impact our return on equity, require us to raise additional capital, or restrict us from paying dividends or repurchasing shares.

Federal regulations establish minimum capital requirements for insured depository institutions, including minimum risk-based capital and leverage ratios and define what constitutes “capital” for calculating these ratios. The regulations also establish a “capital conservation buffer” of 2.5%, effectively resulting in the following minimum capital ratios after giving effect to the additional capital conservation buffer: (1) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 7.0%; (2) a Tier 1 to risk-based assets capital ratio of 8.5%; and (3) a total capital ratio of 10.5%. Additionally, if our consolidated assets increase to $3.0 billion or larger, the Company would be subject to consolidated holding company capital requirements similar to those applicable to Orange Bank & Trust Company. The application of such stringent capital requirements could, among other things, result in lower returns on equity, requiring the raising of additional capital, and resulting in regulatory actions constraining us from paying dividends or repurchasing shares if we are unable to comply with such requirements.

Non-compliance with the USA PATRIOT Act, Bank Secrecy Act, or other laws and regulations could result in fines or sanctions.

The USA PATRIOT and Bank Secrecy Acts require financial institutions to develop programs to prevent financial institutions from being used for money laundering and terrorist activities. If such activities are detected, financial institutions are obligated to file suspicious activity reports with the U.S. Treasury’s Office of Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. These rules require financial institutions to establish procedures for identifying and verifying the identity of customers seeking to open new financial accounts. Failure to comply with these regulations could result in fines or sanctions, including restrictions on conducting acquisitions or establishing new branches. The policies and procedures we have adopted that are designed to assist in compliance with these laws and regulations may not be effective in preventing violations of these laws and regulations.

We are subject to the Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) and fair lending laws, and failure to comply with these laws could lead to material penalties.

The CRA, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Housing Act and other federal and state fair lending laws and regulations impose non-discriminatory lending requirements on financial institutions. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”), the United States Department of Justice, the NYSDFS and other federal agencies are responsible for enforcing these laws and regulations. A successful challenge to an institution’s performance under the CRA or fair lending laws and regulations could result in a wide variety of sanctions, including paying damages and civil money penalties, injunctive relief, imposition of restrictions on merger and acquisition activity and restrictions on expansion activity. Private parties may also have the ability to challenge an institution’s performance under fair lending laws in private class action litigation.

The Federal Reserve Board may require us to commit capital resources to support Orange Bank & Trust Company, and we may not have sufficient access to such capital resources.

Federal law requires that a holding company act as a source of financial and managerial strength to its subsidiary bank and to commit resources to support such subsidiary bank. Under the “source of strength” doctrine, the FRB may require a holding company to make capital injections into a troubled subsidiary bank and may charge the holding company with engaging in unsafe and unsound practices for failure to commit resources to a subsidiary bank. A capital injection may be required at times when the holding company may not have the resources to provide it and therefore may be required to attempt to borrow the funds or raise capital. Any loans by a holding company to its subsidiary bank are subordinate in right of payment to deposits and to certain other indebtedness of such subsidiary bank. In the event of a holding company’s

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bankruptcy, the bankruptcy trustee will assume any commitment by the holding company to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of a subsidiary bank. Moreover, bankruptcy law provides that claims based on any such commitment will be entitled to a priority of payment over the claims of the institution’s general unsecured creditors, including the holders of its note obligations. Thus, any borrowing that must be done by the Company to make a required capital injection becomes more difficult and expensive and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, it is possible that we will be unable to borrow funds when we need to do so.

Other Risks Related to Our Business

Legal and regulatory proceedings and related matters could adversely affect us.

We have been and may in the future become involved in legal and regulatory proceedings. We consider most of our historical proceedings to be in the normal course of our business or typical for the industry; however, it is difficult to assess the outcome of these matters, and we may not prevail in any current or future proceedings or litigation. There could be substantial costs and management diversion in such litigation and proceedings, and any adverse determination could have a materially adverse effect on our business, brand or reputation, or our financial condition and results of our operations.

We are subject to environmental liability risk associated with lending activities or properties we own.

A significant portion of our loan portfolio is secured by real estate, and we could become subject to environmental liabilities with respect to one or more of these properties, or with respect to properties that we own in operating our business. During the ordinary course of business, we may foreclose on and take title to properties securing defaulted loans. In doing so, there is a risk that hazardous or toxic substances could be found on these properties. If hazardous conditions or toxic substances are found on these properties, we may be liable for remediation costs, as well as for personal injury and property damage, civil fines and criminal penalties regardless of when the hazardous conditions or toxic substances first affected any particular property. Environmental laws may require us to incur substantial expenses to address unknown liabilities and may materially reduce the affected property’s value or limit our ability to use or sell the affected property. In addition, future laws or more stringent interpretations or enforcement policies with respect to existing laws may increase our exposure to environmental liability. Our policies, which require us to perform an environmental review before initiating any foreclosure action on non-residential real property, may not be sufficient to detect all potential environmental hazards. The remediation costs and any other financial liabilities associated with an environmental hazard could have a material adverse effect on us.

Societal responses to climate change could adversely affect our business and performance, including indirectly through impacts on our customers.

Concerns over the long-term impacts of climate change have led and will continue to lead to governmental efforts around the world to mitigate those impacts. Consumers and businesses also may change their behavior as a result of these concerns. We and our customers will need to respond to new laws and regulations as well as consumer and business preferences resulting from climate change concerns. We and our customers may face cost increases, asset value reductions and operating process changes. The impact on our customers will likely vary depending on their specific attributes, including reliance on or role in carbon intensive activities. Among the impacts to us could be a drop in demand for our products and services, particularly in certain sectors. In addition, we could face reductions in creditworthiness on the part of some customers or in the value of assets securing loans. Our efforts to take these risks into account in making lending and other decisions, including by increasing our business with climate-friendly companies, may not be effective in protecting us from the negative impact of new laws and regulations or changes in consumer or business behavior.

Risks Related to the Trading History of our Common Stock

The trading history of our common stock is characterized by low trading volume. The value of your common stock may be subject to sudden decreases due to the volatility of the price of our common stock.

Although our common stock is quoted on the OTCQX operated by the OTC Markets Group, it trades infrequently. We cannot predict the extent to which investor interest in us and additional shares outstanding

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will lead to a more active trading market in our common stock or how liquid that market might become. A public trading market having the desired characteristics of depth, liquidity and orderliness depends upon the presence in the marketplace of willing buyers and sellers of our common stock at any given time, which presence is dependent upon the individual decisions of investors, over which we have no control.

The market price of our common stock may be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to numerous factors, including, but not limited to, the factors discussed in other risk factors and the following:

•

actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results;

•

changes in interest rates;

•

changes in the legal or regulatory environment in which we operate;

•

press releases, announcements or publicity relating to us or our competitors or relating to trends in our industry;

•

changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates or recommendations by securities analysts and investors;

•

future issuances of our common stock;

•

changes in economic conditions in our marketplace, general conditions in the United States economy, financial markets or the banking industry; and

•

other developments affecting our competitors or us.

These factors may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance, and could prevent you from selling your common stock at or above the price at which you purchased shares. In addition, the stock markets, from time to time, experience extreme price and volume fluctuations that may be unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of companies. These broad fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our trading performance.

Risks Related to the Offering and an Investment in Our Common Stock

An active, liquid trading market for our common stock may not develop, and you may not be able to sell your common stock at or above the public offering price, or at all.

Our common stock is currently quoted on the OTCQX operated by the OTC Markets Group under the trading symbol “OCBI.” Upon the completion of the offering, our common stock is expected to be listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol OBT. If an active trading market does not develop, you may have difficulty selling your shares of common stock at an attractive price, or at all. The public offering price for our common stock will be determined by negotiations between us and the representatives of the underwriters and may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in the open market following this offering. Consequently, you may not be able to sell your common stock at or above the public offering price or at any other price or at the time that you would like to sell. An inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital by selling our common stock and may impair our ability to expand our business by using our common stock as consideration in an acquisition.

The price of our common stock could be volatile following this offering.

The market price of our common stock following this offering may be volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in price in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors include, among other things:

•

general economic conditions and overall market fluctuations;

•

actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly or annual operating results;

•

changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations or principles;

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the public reaction to our press releases, our other public announcements and our filings with the SEC;

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changes in financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts following our stock, or the failure of securities analysts to cover our common stock after this offering;

•

changes in our ability to meet the estimates of securities analysts;

•

the operating and stock price performance of other comparable companies;

•

the trading volume of our common stock;

•

new technology used, or services offered, by competitors;

•

changes in business, legal or regulatory conditions, or other developments affecting the financial services industry, participants in our industry, and publicity regarding our business or any of our significant customers or competitors; and

•

future sales of our common stock by us, directors, executives and significant stockholders, including the sale of our common stock by our existing stockholders who are not subject to the lock-up agreements described in “Underwriting.”

The realization of any of the risks described in this “Risk Factors” section could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock and cause the value of your investment to decline. In addition, the stock market experiences extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These types of broad market fluctuations may adversely affect investor confidence and could affect the trading price of our common stock over the short, medium or long term, regardless of our actual performance. If the market price of our common stock reaches an elevated level following this offering, it may materially and rapidly decline. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, stockholders have often instituted securities class action litigation. If we were to be involved in a class action lawsuit, we could incur substantial costs and it could divert the attention of senior management and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our management will have broad discretion as to the use of proceeds from this offering, and we may not use the proceeds effectively.

We are not required to apply any portion of the net proceeds of this offering for any particular purpose. Accordingly, our management will have broad discretion as to the application of the net proceeds of this offering and could use them for purposes other than those contemplated at the time of this offering. At March 31, 2021, our total stockholders’ equity was $135.1 million and our total return on average common equity was 14.94% for the three months ended March 31, 2021. We expect our total stockholders’ equity to be $[•] million upon completion of the offering, based on the midpoint of the estimated initial public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. A portion of the proceeds from this offering are expected to be used to provide additional capital as a cushion against minimum regulatory capital requirements, which may tend to reduce our return on equity as opposed to if such proceeds were used for further growth. Our stockholders may not agree with the manner in which our management chooses to allocate and invest the net proceeds. We may not be successful in using the net proceeds from this offering to increase our profitability or market value and we cannot predict whether the proceeds will be invested to yield a favorable return.

The reduced disclosures and relief from certain other significant disclosure requirements that are available to emerging growth companies may make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we intend to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that apply to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies.” These exemptions include the following:

•

not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;

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less extensive disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements; and

•

exemptions from the requirements to hold non-binding advisory votes on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

In addition, even if we comply with the greater obligations of public companies that are not emerging growth companies immediately after this offering, we may avail ourselves of the reduced requirements applicable to emerging growth companies from time to time in the future, so long as we are an emerging growth company.

We will remain an emerging growth company for up to five years, though we may cease to be an emerging growth company earlier under certain circumstances, including if, before the end of such five years, we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer under the rules of the SEC (which depends on, among other things, having a market value of common stock held by non-affiliates in excess of $700 million). Investors and securities analysts may find it more difficult to evaluate our common stock because we will rely on one or more of these exemptions. If, as a result, some investors find our common stock less attractive, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock, which could result in a reductions and greater volatility in the prices of our common stock.

We qualify as a smaller reporting company, and any decision on our part to comply only with certain reduced reporting and disclosure requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies could make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are a smaller reporting company, and, for as long as we continue to qualify as a smaller reporting company, we may choose to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies but not to smaller reporting companies, including, but not limited to, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and two years of audited financial statements in our annual report instead of three years. As long as we are a smaller reporting company that is also not an accelerated filer, we will not be subject to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires that our independent auditors review and attest as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. In addition, as a non-accelerated filer, we will have longer deadlines to file our periodic reports with the SEC.

We would remain a smaller reporting company for so long as our voting and non-voting equity held by non-affiliates (“public float”) is less than $250 million or our annual revenues are less than $100 million and our public float is less than $700 million. We would also not become an accelerated filer if our public float is less than $75 million or our annual revenues are less than $100 million. Public float is determined each year as of the end of a company’s second fiscal quarter applicable at the end of the fiscal year involved.

As a result of our smaller reporting company status and our likely initial status as a non-accelerated filer, our stockholders may not have access to certain information they may deem important, and investors may find our common stock less attractive if we choose to rely on these exemptions. This could result in a less active trading market for our common stock and the price of our common stock may be more volatile.

The obligations associated with being a public company will require significant resources and management attention, which may divert from our business operations.

As a result of this offering, we will become subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or Exchange Act, and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Exchange Act requires that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and financial condition with the SEC. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we establish and maintain effective internal controls and procedures for financial reporting. As a result, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not previously incur. We anticipate that these costs will materially increase our general and administrative expenses. Furthermore, the need to establish the corporate infrastructure demanded of a public company may divert management’s attention from implementing our strategic plan, which could prevent us from successfully implementing our growth initiatives and improving our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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As an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act, we intend to take advantage of certain temporary exemptions from various reporting requirements, including reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and an exemption from the requirement to obtain an attestation from our auditors on management’s assessment of our internal control over financial reporting. When these exemptions cease to apply, we expect to incur additional expenses and devote increased management effort toward ensuring compliance with them. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur as a result of becoming a public company or the timing of such costs.

You will incur immediate dilution as a result of this offering.

If you purchase our common stock in this offering, you will pay more for your shares than the net tangible book value per share immediately following consummation of this offering. As a result, you will incur immediate dilution of $[•] per share representing the difference between the offering price of $[•], the midpoint of the estimated initial public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and our adjusted net tangible book value per share as of March 31, 2021 of $[•] per share of common stock. This represents [•]% dilution from the midpoint of the initial public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. Accordingly, if we were to be liquidated at our book value immediately following this offering, you would not receive the full amount of your investment. See section titled “Dilution” for additional information.

Our dividend policy may change without notice and any payment of dividends in the future is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors.

The holders of our common stock will receive cash dividends if and when declared by our board of directors out of legally available funds. Although we have paid a cash dividend for at least 37 consecutive years, we have no obligation to continue paying dividends. Any future determination relating to the payment of dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on a number of factors, including our future earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, future prospects, regulatory restrictions, and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.

Our principal business operations are conducted through our subsidiary, Orange Bank & Trust Company. Cash available to pay dividends to our stockholders is derived in part from dividends paid by Orange Bank & Trust Company to us. The ability of Orange Bank & Trust Company to pay dividends to us, as well as our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders, will continue to be subject to, and limited by, certain legal and regulatory restrictions. Further, any lenders making loans to us may impose financial covenants that may be more restrictive with respect to dividend payments than the regulatory requirements.

If equity research analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they do publish such reports but issue unfavorable commentary or downgrade our common stock, the price and trading volume of our common stock could decline.

The trading market for our common stock could be affected by whether equity research analysts publish research or reports about us and our business. We currently have one research analyst that publishes reports about us and our business. We cannot predict at this time whether any other research analysts will publish research and reports on us and our common stock. If one or more equity analysts do cover us and our common stock and publish research reports about us, the price of our stock could decline if one or more securities analysts downgrade our stock or if those analysts issue other unfavorable commentary or cease publishing reports about us or our business.

If any of the analysts who elect to cover us downgrades our stock, our stock price could decline rapidly. If any of these analysts ceases coverage of us, we could lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause our common stock price or trading volume to decline and our common stock to be less liquid.

If a substantial number of shares become available for sale and are sold in a short period of time, the market price of our common stock could decline.

If our existing stockholders sell substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market following this offering, the market price of our common stock could decrease significantly. The perception

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in the public market that our existing stockholders might sell shares of common stock could also depress our market price. Upon completion of this offering, we will have [•] shares of our common stock outstanding, or [•] shares if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares. Our directors, executive officers, the selling stockholders and certain additional other holders of our common stock, collectively representing [•]% of our common shares outstanding upon completion of this offering, or [•]% if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares, will be subject to the lock-up agreements described in “Underwriting” and the Rule 144 holding period requirements described in “Shares Eligible for Future Sale.” After the lock-up periods have expired and the holding periods have elapsed, [•] additional shares of our outstanding common stock will be eligible for sale in the public market. In addition, the underwriters may, at any time and without notice, release all or a portion of the shares subject to lock-up agreements. The market price of shares of our common stock may drop significantly when the restrictions on resale by our existing stockholders lapse. A decline in the price of shares of our common stock might impede our ability to raise capital through the issuance of additional shares of our common stock or other equity securities and could result in a decline in the value of the shares of our common stock purchased in this offering.

Following the completion of this offering, we also intend to file a registration statement on Form S-8 under the Securities Act covering the [•] shares of our common stock that have been reserved for future issuance under our equity incentive plan, as described further under “Executive Compensation — Incentive Compensation Plan.” Accordingly, subject to certain vesting requirements, shares registered under that registration statement will be available for sale in the open market by persons other than our executive officers and directors and after the lock-up agreements expire by our executive officers and directors.

Our directors and executive officers and members of the Morrison family beneficially own a significant portion of our common stock and have substantial influence over us.

Our directors and executive officers, as a group, beneficially owned approximately 11.7% of our outstanding shares of common stock as of March 31, 2021. To our knowledge, although there is no written agreement between members of the Morrison family to act in concert, relatives of director William D. Morrison and William D. Morrison beneficially owned collectively approximately 30.8% of our outstanding shares of common stock as of March 31, 2021. William D. Morrison beneficially owned approximately 1.2% of our outstanding shares of common stock as of March 31, 2021. As a result of this level of ownership, our directors and executive officers and members of the Morrison family have the ability, by taking coordinated action, to exercise significant influence over our affairs and policies. The interests of our directors and executive officers and members of the Morrison family may not be consistent with your interests as a stockholder. This influence may also have the effect of delaying or preventing changes of control or changes in management, or limiting the ability of our other stockholders to approve transactions that they may deem to be in the best interests of our Company.

A future issuance of stock could dilute the value of our common stock.

We may sell additional shares of common stock, or securities convertible into or exchangeable for such shares, in subsequent public or private offerings. Upon completion of this offering, there will be [•] shares of our common stock issued and outstanding, or [•] shares if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares. Future issuance of any new shares could cause further dilution in the value of our outstanding shares of common stock. We cannot predict the size or timing of future issuances of our common stock, or securities convertible into or exchangeable for such shares, or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of shares of our common stock will have on the market price of our common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock (including shares issued in connection with an acquisition), or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock.

Our common stock is subordinate to our existing and future indebtedness.

Shares of our common stock are equity interests and do not constitute indebtedness. As such, our common stock ranks junior to all our customer deposits and indebtedness, and other non-equity claims on

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us, with respect to assets available to satisfy claims. In addition, the shares of common stock rank junior to the noteholders of the $20.0 million in subordinated debt that we issued in September 2020.

Certain provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, and federal and state banking laws, including regulatory approval requirements, could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of our organization or conduct a proxy contest, even if those events were perceived by many of our stockholders as beneficial to their interests. These provisions, and the corporate and banking laws and regulations applicable to us:

•

enable our board of directors to increase the size of the board and fill the vacancies created by the increase;

•

provide for the division of the board of directors into three staggered classes so that it would require replacing more than one class of directors to gain control of the board of directors;

•

provide that directors may only be removed for cause and by a majority of the votes entitled to be cast;

•

enable our board of directors to amend our Bylaws without stockholder approval, subject, however, to the general right of stockholders to change such action in accordance with pertinent sections of the Bylaws and Delaware General Corporation Law;

•

require advance notice and certain ownership requirements for director nominations;

•

require advance notice for stockholder proposals;

•

require the request of record holders of at least 25% of the outstanding shares of our capital stock entitled to vote at a meeting to call a special stockholders’ meeting;

•

require a supermajority vote of the stockholders to approve a merger with a person owning 10% or more of the Company’s common stock, unless such merger is approved by a supermajority of unaffiliated members of the board of directors; and

•

require prior regulatory application and approval of any transaction involving control of our organization.

The foregoing may discourage potential acquisition proposals and could delay or prevent a change in control.

An investment in our common stock is not an insured deposit and is not guaranteed by the FDIC, so you could lose some or all of your investment.

An investment in our common stock is not a deposit account or other obligation of the Bank and, therefore, is not insured against loss or guaranteed by the FDIC, any other deposit insurance fund or by any other governmental, public or private entity. An investment in our common stock is inherently risky for the reasons described herein. As a result, if you acquire our common stock, you could lose some or all of your investment.

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and our financial performance. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “may,” “might,” “should,” “could,” “predict,” “potential,” “believe,” “expect,” “attribute,” “continue,” “will,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “projection,” “goal,” “target,” “outlook,” “aim,” “would,” “annualized” and “outlook,” or the negative version of those words or other comparable words or phrases of a future or forward-looking nature. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

•

statements of our goals, intentions and expectations;

•

statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies;

•

statements regarding the quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and

•

estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.

These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions, estimates and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements:

•

conditions relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, including the severity and duration of the associated economic slowdown either nationally or in our market areas and the effectiveness of vaccination programs, that are worse than expected;

•

general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market areas, that are worse than expected;

•

changes in the level and direction of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses;

•

our ability to access cost-effective funding;

•

fluctuations in real estate values and both residential and commercial real estate market conditions;

•

demand for loans and deposits in our market area;

•

our ability to implement and change our business strategies;

•

competition among depository and other financial institutions;

•

inflation and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins or reduce the fair value of financial instruments;

•

the rate of delinquencies and amounts of loans charged-off;

•

fluctuations in real estate values and both residential and commercial real estate market conditions;

•

adverse changes in the securities markets;

•

fluctuations in the stock market may have a significant adverse effect on transaction fees, client activity and client investment portfolio gains and losses related to our trust and wealth management business;

•

changes in laws or government regulations or policies affecting financial institutions, including changes in regulatory fees and capital requirements;

•

our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;

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•

our ability to capitalize on strategic opportunities;

•

our ability to successfully introduce new products and services;

•

our ability to successfully integrate into our operations any assets, liabilities, customers, systems and management personnel we may acquire and our ability to realize related revenue synergies and cost savings within expected time frames, and any goodwill charges related thereto;

•

our ability to retain our existing customers;

•

changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;

•

changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board;

•

changes in our organization, compensation and benefit plans;

•

changes in the quality or composition of our loan or investment portfolios;

•

a breach in security of our information systems, including the occurrence of a cyber incident or a deficiency in cyber security;

•

political instability or civil unrest;

•

acts of war or terrorism;

•

competition and innovation with respect to financial products and services by banks, financial institutions and non-traditional providers, including retail businesses and technology companies;

•

the failure to attract and retain skilled people;

•

the fiscal and monetary policies of the federal government and its agencies; and

•

other economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory and operational factors affecting our operations, pricing, products and services described elsewhere in this prospectus.

The foregoing factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with other cautionary statements that are included in this prospectus. If one or more events related to these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may differ materially from what we anticipate. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise. New risks and uncertainties arise from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict those events or how they may affect us. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

Further information on other factors that could affect us are included in the section captioned “Risk Factors.”

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USE OF PROCEEDS

Assuming a public offering price of $[•] per share, we estimate that the net proceeds from the sale of the shares of common stock by us will be approximately $[•] million (or approximately $[•] million if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of common stock from us), after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the per share public offering price would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us of this offering by approximately $[•] million (or approximately $[•] million if the underwriters elect to exercise their purchase option in full), after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and offering expenses.

We intend to use the net proceeds of the offering to support the growth of Orange Bank & Trust Company, including providing capital to Orange Bank & Trust Company to support growth of its operations, such as the expansion of its lending and wealth management activities, to support growth in HVIA’s trust and wealth management business, to finance strategic acquisitions to the extent the opportunities arise and for other general corporate purposes, which could include other growth initiatives. We have no current plans, arrangements or understandings relating to any specific acquisition or similar transaction.

Our management will retain broad discretion to allocate the net proceeds of this offering, and the precise amounts and timing of our use of the net proceeds of this offering will depend upon market conditions, as well as other factors. Until we deploy the proceeds of this offering for the uses described above, we expect to hold such proceeds in short-term investments.

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock by the selling stockholders.

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table shows our capitalization, including regulatory capital ratios, on a consolidated basis, as of March 31, 2021:

•

on an actual basis; and

•

on a pro forma basis to give effect to (i) the issuance and sale by us of [•] shares of common stock in this offering (assuming the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase any additional shares to cover over-allotments, if any), and the receipt and application of the net proceeds from the sale of these shares at an initial public offering price of $[•] per share and (ii) the sale by the selling stockholders of [•] shares of common stock in this offering, in each case, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us.

You should read this table in conjunction with “Use of Proceeds,” “Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

	At March 31, 2021
	Actual			As Adjusted
	(dollars in thousands except per share data)
	(unaudited)
Debt:
Short term debt		$	—		$
Long term debt			22,340
Total debt			22,340
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, par value $0.50 per share; authorized – 15,000,000 shares; outstanding – 4,490,973 shares actual and shares as adjusted		$	2,266		$
Surplus			84,774
Retained earnings			51,818
Treasury stock, at cost, 42,331 shares			(1,218)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes			(2,559)
Total stockholders’ equity		$	135,081		$
Total capitalization		$	157,421		$
Capital ratios(1)
Tier 1 capital to average assets			8.19%			%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets			12.39%			%
Total capital to risk-weighted assets			13.64%			%
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets			12.39%			%
Per share data
Book value per common share		$	30.08		$
Tangible book value per common share(2)		$	28.46		$

(1)

Ratios are for the Bank only.

(2)

Tangible book value represents the amount of our total tangible assets reduced by our total liabilities. Tangible assets are calculated by reducing total assets, as defined by GAAP, by $5.4 million in goodwill and $1.9 million in other intangible assets. Tangible book value at March 31, 2021 was $127.8 million “Actual” and $ “As Adjusted.” Tangible book value per common share represents our tangible book value divided by the number of shares of our common stock outstanding.

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DILUTION

If you invest in our common stock, your ownership interest will be immediately diluted to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per share of our common stock in this offering and the net tangible book value per share of common stock upon completion of this offering.

Net tangible book value per common share represents the amount of our total tangible assets less total liabilities, divided by the number of shares of common stock outstanding. Tangible assets are calculated by reducing total assets by $5.4 million in goodwill and $1.9 million in other intangible assets. Our net tangible book value as of March 31, 2021 was $127.8 million, or $28.46 per share of common stock, based upon 4,490,973 shares of common stock outstanding as of such date.

After giving effect to the sale of [•] shares of our common stock by us at the initial public offering price of $[•] per share, the midpoint of the estimated initial public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our net tangible book value as of March 31, 2021 would have been approximately $[•] million, or approximately $[•] per share of common stock. This represents an immediate [•] in net tangible book value of $[•] per share to existing common stockholders, and an immediate dilution of $[•] per share to investors participating in this offering. If the initial public offering price is higher or lower, the dilution to new stockholders will be greater or less, respectively.

The following table illustrates this dilution on a per share basis:

Assumed initial public offering price per share

[•]

Net tangible book value per share at March 31, 2021

28.46

Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to this offering

[•]

As adjusted tangible book value per share after this offering

[•]

Dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors

[•]

A $1.00 increase (or decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $[•] per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated initial public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (or decrease) the as adjusted net tangible book value per common share after this offering by approximately $[•], and dilution in net tangible book value per common share to new investors by approximately $[•], assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. If the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of our common stock in this offering, the as adjusted net tangible book value after this offering would be $[•] per share, the increase in net tangible book value to existing stockholders would be $[•] per share and the dilution to new investors would be $[•] per share, in each case assuming an initial public offering price of $[•] per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated initial public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.

The following table summarizes, as of March 31, 2021, the differences between our existing stockholders and new investors with respect to the number of shares of our common stock purchased from us, the total consideration paid and the average price per share paid. The calculations with respect to shares purchased by new investors in this offering reflect an assumed offering price of $[•] per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated initial public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, before deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us:

Shares Purchased

Total Consideration

Average Price
Per Share

Number

Percentage

Amount

Percentage

Existing stockholders as of March 31, 2021

New Investors

Total

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DIVIDEND POLICY

As of June 30, 2021, we have paid a cash dividend to our stockholders for at least 37 consecutive years. The following table shows the amount of dividends paid on shares of Orange County Bancorp common stock in 2019, 2020 and through June 30, 2021:

Quarterly Period	Amount Per Share
June 30, 2021		$	0.20
March 31, 2021		$	0.20
December 31, 2020		$	0.20
September 30, 2020		$	0.20
June 30, 2020		$	0.20
March 31, 2020		$	0.20
December 31, 2019		$	0.20
September 30, 2019		$	0.20
June 30, 2019		$	0.20
March 31, 2019		$	0.20

Subject to prior approval from our board of directors and regulatory restrictions, we intend to continue the payment of a cash dividend of $0.20 per share on a quarterly basis to holders of our common stock. Our board of directors may change the amount of, or entirely eliminate the payment of, future dividends at its discretion, without notice to our stockholders. We are not obligated to pay dividends on our common stock. Any future determination to pay cash dividends on our common stock will be made by our board of directors and will depend on a number of factors, including:

•

our historical and projected financial condition, liquidity and results of operations;

•

our capital levels and requirements;

•

statutory and regulatory prohibitions and other limitations;

•

any contractual restriction on our ability to pay cash dividends, including pursuant to the terms of any of our credit agreements or other borrowing arrangements;

•

our business strategy;

•

tax considerations;

•

any acquisitions or potential acquisitions that we may examine;

•

general economic conditions; and

•

other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors.

As a Delaware corporation, we are subject to certain restrictions on dividends under Delaware General Corporation Law. Generally, Delaware law limits cash dividends to a corporation’s capital surplus or, if there is no capital surplus, the corporation’s net profits for the fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and/or the preceding fiscal year.

We are also subject to certain restrictions on the payment of cash dividends as a result of banking laws, regulations and policies. The FRB has issued a policy statement regarding the payment of dividends by bank holding companies. In general, the FRB’s policy provides that dividends should be paid only to the extent that the company’s new income for the past two years is sufficient to fund the dividends and only if the prospective rate of earnings retention by the bank holding company appears consistent with the organization’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. The FRB has the authority to prohibit a bank holding company from paying dividends if such payment is deemed to be an unsafe or unsound practice. See “Supervision and Regulation — Holding Company Regulation.”

Because we are a bank holding company, we are dependent upon the payment of dividends by Orange Bank & Trust Company and HVIA to us as our principal source of funds to pay dividends in the future, if

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any, and to make other payments. Orange Bank & Trust Company is also subject to various legal, regulatory and other restrictions on its ability to pay dividends and make other distributions and payments to us. A New York state member bank may generally declare a dividend, without approval from the NYSDFS or the FRB, in an amount equal to its year-to-date net income plus the prior two years’ net income. The NYSDFS and the FRB have the authority to prohibit a New York trust company from paying dividends if such payment is deemed to be an unsafe or unsound practice. In addition, as a depository institution the deposits of which are insured by the FDIC, Orange Bank & Trust Company may not pay dividends or distribute any of its capital assets while it remains in default on any assessment due to the FDIC or if in the FDIC’s opinion, the payment of dividends would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice. Orange Bank & Trust Company currently is not (and never has been) in default under any of its obligations to the FDIC. See “Supervision and Regulation — Regulation of the Bank — Dividends.” To pay a cash dividend, a state member bank must also maintain an adequate capital conservation buffer under the capital rules described in “Supervision and Regulation — Regulation of the Bank — Capitalization.”

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MARKET FOR THE COMMON STOCK

Existing shares of Orange County Bancorp’s common stock are quoted on the OTCQX Market operated by the OTC Markets Group, Inc. (the “OTCQX”) under the symbol “OCBI.” As of [•], 2021, there were approximately [•] holders of record of our common stock. Upon completion of the offering, we expect that shares of our common stock will be traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “OBT.”

The following table sets forth the high and low bid prices for shares of Orange County Bancorp common stock for the periods indicated, as obtained from the OTCQX. These reported market quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, markdown or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.

Fiscal Year Ending December 31, 2021	High			Low
Third Quarter through [•], 2021		$			$
Second Quarter			35.00			31.00
First Quarter			30.95			27.25

Fiscal Year Ending December 31, 2020	High			Low
Fourth Quarter		$	27.75		$	22.00
Third Quarter			24.00			23.31
Second Quarter			26.00			23.75
First Quarter			30.95			24.75

Fiscal Year Ending December 31, 2019	High			Low
Fourth Quarter		$	31.00		$	27.50
Third Quarter			28.50			26.51
Second Quarter			27.40			26.51
First Quarter			29.00			26.50

Although our shares have been quoted on the OTCQX, the prices at which such transactions occurred may not necessarily reflect the price that would be paid for our common stock in a more active market. We anticipate that this offering and the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market will result in a more active trading market for our common stock. However, we cannot assure you that a liquid trading market for our common stock will develop or be sustained after this offering. You may not be able to sell your shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our common stock is not active. See “Underwriting” for more information regarding our arrangements with the underwriters.

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SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following table sets forth summary historical consolidated financial data as of the dates and for the periods shown. The summary balance sheet data as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 and the summary income statement data for the years then ended have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The summary balance sheet data as of December 31, 2018 and the summary income statement data for the year then ended is derived from our audited financial statements not included in this prospectus. The summary consolidated financial data as of March 31, 2021 and for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 is derived from our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus and includes all normal and recurring adjustments that we consider necessary for a fair presentation. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021 or for any other period. The information should be read in conjunction with “Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data,” “Risk Factors,” “Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

				At December 31,
	At March 31, 2021			2020		2019			2018
	(In thousands)
Selected Financial Condition Data:
Total assets		$	1,908,754		1,664,936		$	1,229,552		$	1,065,612
Cash and due from banks			253,091		121,232			25,112			18,374
Securities available for sale			359,372		330,105			254,915			255,536
Loans, net			1,215,345		1,136,566			879,849			727,349
Cash surrender value of BOLI			28,691		28,520			27,818			27,128
Deposits			1,733,559		1,489,294			1,083,132			905,008
FHLB advances			—		—			5,000			35,500
Subordinated debt			19,340		19,323			—			—
Note payable			3,000		3,000			3,000			3,057
Stockholders’ equity			135,081		135,423			122,063			109,279

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,						For the Years Ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2020			2019			2018
	(In thousands)
Selected Operating Data:
Interest income		$	14,762		$	12,643		$	53,461		$	48,121		$	38,699
Interest expense			1,022			1,289			4,722			4,840			2,787
Net interest income			13,740			11,354			48,739			43,281			35,912
Provision for loan losses			66			1,200			5,413			2,195			2,465
Net interest income after provision for loan losses			13,674			10,154			43,326			41,086			33,447
Noninterest income			2,892			2,541			11,423			9,814			10,019
Noninterest expense			10,316			9,591			40,231			36,491			34,286
Income before income taxes			6,250			3,104			14,518			14,409			9,180
Income tax expense			1,225			628			2,839			2,928			1,628
Net income		$	5,025		$	2,476		$	11,679		$	11,481		$	7,552

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	At or For the Three Months Ended March 31,(1)						At or For the Years Ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2020			2019			2018
Performance Ratios:
Return on average assets			1.13%			0.76%			0.76%			0.97%			0.73%
Return on average equity			14.94%			8.06%			9.02%			9.94%			8.18%
Return on average tangible stockholders’ equity(2)			16.01%			8.64%			9.57%			10.66%			8.96%
Interest rate spread(3)			3.13%			3.49%			3.17%			3.67%			3.60%
Net interest margin(4)			3.28%			3.69%			3.36%			3.88%			3.71%
Efficiency ratio(5)			62.03%			69.02%			66.87%			68.73%			74.65%
Efficiency ratio, as adjusted(6)			62.03%			69.02%			67.78%			68.45%			74.65%
Noninterest income to average total assets			0.66%			0.78%			0.75%			0.83%			0.97%
Noninterest income to total revenue(7)			17.39%			18.29%			19.24%			18.41%			21.81%
Noninterest expense to average total assets			2.35%			2.95%			2.63%			3.08%			3.31%
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities			158.20%			149.83%			156.00%			147.06%			137.91%
Average equity to average total assets			7.56%			9.39%			8.48%			9.75%			8.90%
Share and Per Share Data:
Basic and diluted earnings		$	1.12		$	0.55		$	2.59		$	2.56		$	1.87
Cash dividends paid		$	0.20		$	0.20		$	0.80		$	0.80		$	0.80
Book value		$	30.08		$	28.22		$	30.21		$	27.10		$	24.28
Tangible book value(8)		$	28.46		$	26.55		$	28.57		$	25.41		$	22.52
Dividend payout ratio(9)			17.86%			36.36%			30.89%			31.25%			42.78%
Weighted average number of shares Outstanding			4,483,139			4,510,420			4,508,508			4,484,317			4,034,633
Number of shares outstanding			4,490,973			4,518,128			4,483,102			4,504,389			4,501,125
Capital Ratios:(10)
Tangible common equity to tangible assets(11)			6.72%			8.90%			7.73%			9.37%			9.59%
Total capital to risk weighted assets			13.64%			13.54%			13.49%			13.87%			14.93%
Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets			12.39%			12.29%			12.24%			12.62%			13.67%
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets			12.39%			12.29%			12.24%			12.62%			13.67%
Tier 1 capital to average assets			8.19%			9.13%			8.16%			9.47%			9.67%
Asset Quality Ratios:
Non-performing assets to total assets			0.13%			0.25%			0.15%			0.18%			0.19%
Non-performing loans to total loans			0.20%			0.36%			0.22%			0.25%			0.27%
Allowance for loan losses to non-performing loans			667.61%			401.46%			641.24%			550.20%			530.76%
Allowance for loan losses to total loans			1.32%			1.44%			1.40%			1.38%			1.44%
Net charge-offs to average outstanding loans during the period			0.00%			0.00%			0.15%			0.07%			0.05%
Other:
Number of offices			14			14			14			13			14
Number of full-time equivalent employees			195			187			192			184			166

(Footnotes begin on next page)

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(1)

Annualized for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

(2)

This is a non-GAAP financial measure. See our reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures under the caption “— Non-GAAP Financial Measure Reconciliation.”

(3)

Represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities for the periods.

(4)

The net interest margin represents net interest income as a percent of average interest-earning assets for the periods.

(5)

The efficiency ratio represents non-interest expense divided by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

The dividend payout ratio represents dividends paid per share divided by net income per share.

(10)

Ratios are for Orange Bank & Trust Company only.

(11)

Non-GAAP Financial Measure Reconciliation

Our accounting and reporting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, and the prevailing practices in the banking industry. However, we also evaluate our performance based on certain additional metrics. Tangible book value per share and the ratio of tangible equity to tangible assets are not financial measures recognized under GAAP and, therefore, are considered non-GAAP financial measures.

Our management, banking regulators, many financial analysts and other investors use these non-GAAP financial measures to compare the capital adequacy of banking organizations with significant amounts of goodwill or other intangible assets, which typically stem from the use of the purchase accounting method of accounting for mergers and acquisitions. Tangible equity, tangible assets, tangible book value per share or related measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for total stockholders’ equity, total assets, book value per share or any other measure calculated in accordance with GAAP. Moreover, the manner in which we calculate tangible equity, tangible assets, tangible book value per share and any other related measures may differ from that of other companies reporting measures with similar names.

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The following table reconciles, as of the dates set forth below, stockholders’ equity (on a GAAP basis) to tangible equity and total assets (on a GAAP basis) to tangible assets and calculates our tangible book value per share.

	At March 31,						At December 31,
	2021			2020			2020			2019			2018
	(Dollars in thousands, except for share data)
Tangible Common Equity:
Total stockholders’ equity		$	135,081		$	127,488		$	135,423		$	122,063		$	109,279
Adjustments:
Goodwill			(5,359)			(5,359)			(5,359)			(5,359)			(5,359)
Other intangible assets			(1,892)			(2,178)			(1,963)			(2,249)			(2,535)
Tangible common equity		$	127,830		$	119,951		$	128,101		$	114,455		$	101,385
Common shares outstanding			4,490,973			4,518,128			4,483,102			4,504,389			4,501,125
Book value per common share		$	30.08		$	28.22		$	30.21		$	27.10		$	24.28
Tangible book value per common share		$	28.46		$	26.55		$	28.57		$	25.41		$	22.52
Tangible Assets
Total assets		$	1,908,754		$	1,355,242		$	1,664,936		$	1,229,552		$	1,065,612
Adjustments:
Goodwill			(5,359)			(5,359)			(5,359)			(5,359)			(5,359)
Other intangible assets			(1,892)			(2,178)			(1,963)			(2,249)			(2,535)
Tangible assets		$	1,901,503		$	1,347,705		$	1,657,614		$	1,221,944		$	1,057,718
Tangible common equity to tangible assets			6.72%			8.90%			7.73%			9.37%			9.59%

The efficiency ratio, as adjusted, is a non-GAAP measure of expense control relative to adjusted revenue. We calculate the efficiency ratio, adjusted, by dividing total noninterest expenses, as determined under GAAP, by the sum of total net interest income and total noninterest income, each as determined under GAAP, but excluding net gains or losses on the sale of securities and other non-recurring income sources, if applicable, from this calculation, which we refer to below as adjusted revenue. We believe that this provides one reasonable measure of core expenses relative to core revenue.

The following table reconciles our efficiency ratio, as adjusted, for the periods set forth below.

For the Three Months Ended March 31,		For the Years Ended December 31,
2021	2020	2020	2019	2018
(Dollars in thousands)