10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ Quarterly Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020

or

☐ Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to _____________

Commission File Number: 001-38794

COVETRUS, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware	83-1448706
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

7 Custom House Street

Portland, ME 04101

Tel: (888) 280-2221

(Address, including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)

    Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	CVET	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.	Yes	☒	No	☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).	Yes	☒	No	☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated Filer	☐	Accelerated Filer	☐
Non-accelerated Filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.				☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).	Yes	☐	No	☒

The registrant had 127,516,179 shares of common stock outstanding as of November 6, 2020.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Balance Sheets	3
Statements of Operations	4
Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	5
Statements of Shareholders' Equity	6
Statements of Cash Flows	8
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	39
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	41
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	43
Item 1A. Risk Factors	43
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Securities and Use of Proceeds	45
Item 6. Exhibits	46
Signatures	47

2

PART I

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

COVETRUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In millions, except share amounts)

	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	355	$	130
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $6 and $8	498		426
Inventories, net	521		636
Other receivables	81		67
Prepaid expenses and other	45		30
Assets held for sale	—		51
Total current assets	1,500		1,340
Non-current assets:
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $101 and $84	108		93
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net (Note 5)	118		84
Goodwill	1,154		1,154
Other intangibles, net (Note 6)	541		643
Investments and other (Note 3)	89		47
Total assets	$	3,510	$	3,361
LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY, AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	416	$	520
Current maturities of long-term debt and other borrowings (Note 7)	46		62
Accrued payroll and related liabilities	73		44
Accrued taxes	41		18
Other current liabilities	155		164
Liabilities held for sale	—		21
Total current liabilities	731		829
Non-current liabilities:
Long-term debt and other borrowings, net (Note 7)	1,082		1,125
Deferred taxes	39		47
Other liabilities	139		94
Total liabilities	1,991		2,095
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Mezzanine equity:
Redeemable non-controlling interests (Note 11)	15		10
Redeemable Series A convertible preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, $1,000 per share liquidation preference, 250,000 shares authorized, and 90,632 outstanding as of September 30, 2020 (Note 12)	88		—
Shareholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 675,000,000 shares authorized; 127,363,432 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2020; 111,620,507 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019	1		1
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Note 13)	(91)		(86)
Additional paid-in capital	2,567		2,381
Accumulated deficit	(1,061)		(1,040)
Total shareholders’ equity	1,416		1,256
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity, and shareholders’ equity	$	3,510	$	3,361

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

COVETRUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In millions, except per share amounts) (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net sales (Note 4)	$	1,126	$	1,018	$	3,217	$	2,968
Cost of sales	929		827		2,625		2,407
Gross profit	197		191		592		561
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	224		210		642		594
Goodwill impairment	—		939		—		939
Operating loss	(27)		(958)		(50)		(972)
Other income (expense):
Interest income	—		1		1		4
Interest expense	(10)		(16)		(38)		(42)
Other, net (Note 3)	5		4		79		18
Income (loss) before taxes and equity in earnings of affiliates	(32)		(969)		(8)		(992)
Income tax benefit (expense) (Note 14)	(3)		7		(6)		7
Net income (loss)	(35)		(962)		(14)		(985)
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests	—		3		(1)		3
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	$	(35)	$	(959)	$	(15)	$	(982)
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Covetrus: (Note 15)
Basic	$	(0.33)	$	(8.56)	$	(0.18)	$	(9.26)
Diluted	$	(0.33)	$	(8.56)	$	(0.18)	$	(9.26)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic	116		112		113		106
Diluted	116		112		113		106

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

COVETRUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(In millions) (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net income (loss)	$	(35)	$	(962)	$	(14)	$	(985)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)	14		(22)		(2)		(17)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments	(1)		(2)		(8)		(2)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	13		(24)		(10)		(19)
Comprehensive income (loss)	(22)		(986)		(24)		(1,004)
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests:
Net (income) loss	—		3		(1)		3
Foreign currency translation (gain) loss	—		—		(2)		(1)
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests	—		3		(3)		2
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	$	(22)	$	(983)	$	(27)	$	(1,002)

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

COVETRUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(In millions, except share amounts) (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance at June 30, 2020	112,674,657	$	1	$	2,404	$	(1,022)	$	(107)	$	1,276
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	—	—		—		(35)		—		(35)
Change in fair value of redeemable securities	—	—		(6)		—		—		(6)
Issuance of shares in connection with share-based compensation plans	331,297	—		2		—		—		2
Share-based compensation	—	—		11		—		—		11
Series A preferred stock dividend	—	—		—		(4)		—		(4)
Conversion of Series A preferred stock	14,357,478	—		156		—		—		156
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		—		16		16
Balance at September 30, 2020	127,363,432	$	1	$	2,567	$	(1,061)	$	(91)	$	1,416
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2019	111,620,507	$	1	$	2,381	$	(1,040)	$	(86)	$	1,256
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	—	—		—		(15)		—		(15)
Change in fair value of redeemable securities	—	—		(6)		—		—		(6)
Issuance of shares in connection with share-based compensation plans	1,385,447	—		6		—		—		6
Share-based compensation	—	—		30		—		—		30
Series A preferred stock dividend	—	—		—		(6)		—		(6)
Conversion of Series A preferred stock	14,357,478	—		156		—		—		156
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		—		(5)		(5)
Balance at September 30, 2020	127,363,432	$	1	$	2,567	$	(1,061)	$	(91)	$	1,416

6

COVETRUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(In millions, except share amounts) (Unaudited) (Continued)

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Net Former Parent Investment		Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance at June 30, 2019	111,932,491	$	1	$	2,357	$	(33)	$	(77)	$	—	$	2,248
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	—	—		—		(959)		—		—		(959)
Issuance of shares in connection with share-based compensation plans	121,782	—		1		—		—		—		1
Share-based compensation	—	—		10		—		—		—		10
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		—		(24)		—		(24)
Balance at September 30, 2019	112,054,273	$	1	$	2,368	$	(992)	$	(101)	$	—	$	1,276
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Net Former Parent Investment		Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 29, 2018	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(82)	$	1,576	$	1,494
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus (a)	—	—		—		(992)		—		10		(982)
Dividend to Former Parent	—	—		(21)		—		—		(1,153)		(1,174)
Issuance of shares at Separation (including Share Sale investors)	71,693,426	1		609		—		—		(609)		1
Issuance of shares in connection with the Acquisition	39,742,089	—		1,772		—		—		—		1,772
Shares held in escrow expected to be canceled	—	—		(30)		—		—		—		(30)
Net increase in Former Parent investment	—	—		—		—		—		176		176
Issuance of shares in connection with share-based compensation plans	618,758	—		3		—		—		—		3
Share-based compensation	—	—		35		—		—		—		35
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		—		(19)		—		(19)
Balance at September 30, 2019	112,054,273	$	1	$	2,368	$	(992)	$	(101)	$	—	$	1,276

(a) Net income earned from January 1, 2019 through February 7, 2019 is attributed to the Former Parent as it was the sole shareholder prior to February 7, 2019.

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

COVETRUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In millions) (Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	(14)	$	(985)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	124		113
Amortization of right-of-use assets	18		16
Goodwill impairment	—		939
Operating lease right-of-use asset impairment	8		—
Gain on divestiture of a business	(72)		—
Share-based compensation expense	30		35
Benefit for deferred income taxes	(7)		(19)
Amortization of debt issuance costs	4		—
Loss on managed exit of a business	8		—
Other	1		(2)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable, net	(77)		(25)
Inventories, net	99		(23)
Other assets and liabilities	(42)		(36)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(69)		21
Net cash provided by operating activities	11		34
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(40)		(30)
Payments related to equity investments and business acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(13)		(26)
Proceeds from divestiture of a business, net	104		—
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	4		—
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	55		(56)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from revolving credit facility	190		—
Repayment of revolving credit facility	(190)		—
Proceeds from issuance of debt	—		1,220
Principal payments of debt	(62)		(43)
Debt issuance and amendment costs	(5)		(24)
Issuance of common shares in connection with share-based compensation plans	6		3
Dividend paid to Former Parent	—		(1,174)
Net transfers from Former Parent	—		165
Proceeds from issuance of Series A preferred stock	250		—
Series A preferred stock issuance costs	(6)		—
Series A preferred stock dividend	(6)		—
Acquisition payment	(17)		(9)
Acquisitions of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries	—		(74)
Net cash provided by financing activities	160		64
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(1)		3
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	225		45
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	130		23
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	355	$	68

8

COVETRUS, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In millions) (Unaudited) (Continued)
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019
Supplemental disclosure of cash paid for:
Interest	$	32	$	35
Income taxes	$	17	$	16
Amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	20	$	18
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Conversion of Series A preferred stock	$	156	$	—
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	60	$	91
Deconsolidation of a subsidiary	$	15	$	—

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

9

COVETRUS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions) (Unaudited)

1. Business Overview and Significant Accounting Policies

Business

Covetrus, Inc. (“Covetrus,” “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us,” or “ourselves”) is a global animal-health technology and services company dedicated to supporting the companion, equine, and large-animal veterinary markets. On February 7, 2019, Covetrus became an independent company through the consummation of the spin-off by Henry Schein (“Former Parent”) of its animal-health business (“Animal Health Business”) and the completion of its acquisition of Direct Vet Marketing, Inc. (d/b/a Vets First Choice) (“Vets First Choice”). On February 8, 2019, Covetrus began trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market. Accordingly, results provided in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) reflect the operations of the Animal Health Business from January 1, 2019 to September 30, 2019 and Vets First Choice for the period from February 8, 2019 to September 30, 2019.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying balance sheet as of December 31, 2019, which was derived from audited financial statements, and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, have been prepared in accordance with applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial reporting. Pursuant to those rules and regulations, we omitted certain information and disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP.

In our opinion, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all recurring adjustments and transactions necessary for a fair statement of our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. Such operating results are not necessarily indicative of annual or future results. These condensed consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (“Form 10-K”) filed with the SEC on March 3, 2020.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the operations of the Company, as well as those of our wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries from their respective dates of inception or acquisition. All significant intercompany transactions and balances were eliminated in consolidation. Investments in unconsolidated affiliates, which are 20% to 50.01% owned, or investments of less than 20% in which we could influence the operating or financial decisions, are accounted for under the equity method.

During the three months ended December 31, 2019, we recorded a revision to our deferred tax assets due to a reassessment of our judgment on the realizability of deferred tax assets as of the third quarter ended September 30, 2019. In the aggregate, the revisions to our tax valuation allowance, including a revision for a deferred tax calculation error that predates the Separation, Distribution and Acquisition, were $53 million. We have concluded that this adjustment was not material to any previously issued financial statements or to our full fiscal year 2019 results. See Note 14 - Income Taxes.

Certain other immaterial prior period amounts were reclassified or rounded to conform to the presentation of the current period.

Accounting Pronouncements

Adopted

•As of January 1, 2020, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 326, Credit Losses (“Topic 326”) which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost, including accounts receivable. Topic 326 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and is required to be adopted using the modified retrospective basis, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to Retained earnings (Accumulated deficit) as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance of Topic 326 is effective. The adoption of Topic 326 did not have a material impact on the results of our condensed consolidated financial statements.

10

COVETRUS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions) (Unaudited)

To be Adopted

•Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes,” removes specific technical exceptions to general principles found in Topic 740, items that often produce information that investors have difficulty understanding and simplifies the accounting for income taxes. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the anticipated impact of this standard on our condensed consolidated financial statements as well as timing of adoption.

•ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting,” provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting for contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). The standard is currently effective and upon adoption may be applied prospectively to contract modifications made on or before December 31, 2022. We are evaluating the impact of the LIBOR transition and this optional relief guidance on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

•ASU 2020-06, "Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity," simplifies the accounting for certain convertible instruments, amends guidance on derivative scope exceptions for contracts in an entity's own equity, and modifies the guidance on diluted earnings per share calculations as a result of these changes. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this standard will have no impact on our diluted earnings per share. We are evaluating the impact of the remaining provisions on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which will largely depend on the composition and terms of the financial instruments at the time of adoption.

2. Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID-19”)

The COVID-19 pandemic developed throughout 2020 and in response to the pandemic, measures were and continue to be instituted, including phased temporary closures of non-essential businesses throughout many of the regions in which we conduct operations. The temporary closures, on a local, state, or country level, may be extended or more widespread in response to a rising number of reported cases. However, veterinary care has been deemed an essential business in most of these regions and we continue to deliver products and services to our customers and their animal-owner clients. In addition, most of our customers are generally able to continue their operations by following new social distancing guidelines which, depending on local regulations, can include telehealth and animal curbside check-in and drop-off at clinics. To date, we continue to experience limited disruption to our results of operations from the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to create volatility and unpredictability to our business, including shifts in timing and channel mix, inventory replenishment, reduced travel and entertainment expenses due to travel restrictions, expected extension of our workforce working from home based on the local regulations in areas where we operate, as well as other changes.

We believe our allowance for credit losses related to our accounts receivable is adequate as of September 30, 2020, due to the essential nature of our customers' businesses, as noted above, as well as the historic behavior of our large customer base. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, there could be an increase in the aging of our accounts receivable, however, we do not anticipate a significant increase in defaults for such accounts receivable.

During the first quarter ended March 31, 2020, we experienced a sustained decline in our share price and a resulting decrease in our market capitalization due to the overall macroeconomic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to this overall market decline and the uncertainty surrounding COVID-19, we concluded that a triggering event occurred and conducted an interim impairment review of our goodwill as of March 31, 2020. We tested for goodwill impairment by quantitatively comparing the fair value of our North America reporting unit (the only reporting unit currently bearing goodwill) to its carrying amount. Using the income-based approach, fair value exceeded the carrying amount as of March 31, 2020. We did not experience triggering events during the second quarter ended June 30, 2020 or third quarter ended September 30, 2020.

We have taken the following actions to help ensure that our business has flexibility to mitigate potential effects from continued global economic pressure:

11

COVETRUS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions) (Unaudited)

•During the quarter ended March 31, 2020, we borrowed funds under our revolving line of credit to increase our cash position and provide flexibility. In May 2020, we issued 7.50% Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred Stock”), and we used a portion of the $244 million aggregate net proceeds to repay borrowings under our revolving line of credit. See Note 7 - Long-term Debt and Other Borrowings, Net and Note 12 - Redeemable Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

•We reduced our non-critical, near-term planned capital expenditures

•We negotiated for extended payment terms on certain contracts

•We managed our inventory levels in line with expected demand

•We instituted cost containment measures including temporary executive, board, and other senior-level employee compensation reductions, employee furloughs in certain European countries, certain shift eliminations, a temporary hiring freeze, discretionary spending deferrals, deferred payroll taxes as available under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), and temporarily suspended our 401(k)-employer match

During the third quarter of 2020, we returned to pre-COVID-19 compensation levels and reinstated our 401(k)-employer match. We continue to monitor our business performance and intend to take a cautious yet balanced approach in managing our expenses in light of uncertainty created by the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of the measures we implement from an expense management perspective may continue as we transform our business; for example, we have recently reinstituted restrictions on hiring non -essential roles.

Risk and Uncertainties

The duration and severity of COVID-19-related potential disruptions and the actions we have taken, and may take in the future, in response thereto, involve risks and uncertainties, and it is not possible at this time to estimate the impact that COVID-19 could have on our business. The impact of COVID-19 on various business activities in affected countries could adversely affect our estimates, results of operations, and financial condition.

3. Divestiture and Equity Method Investment

Divestitures

On April 1, 2020, we completed the divestiture of our scil animal-care business (“scil”) to Heska Corporation for $110 million pursuant to an amended purchase agreement. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded a pre-tax gain of $72 million, which reflects a $1 million foreign exchange adjustment for the finalization of the purchase price during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we announced a managed exit of the operations of our French distribution business specializing in medicines, pet food, equipment and services for veterinary clinics. We accrued $7 million in severance costs based on French statutory requirements, and $1 million of other costs associated with this decision. We anticipate operations will predominantly be shut down by the end of the year.

Equity Method Investment

On April 30, 2020, we completed the previously announced combination of our subsidiary, Spain Animal Health Solutions S.L.U. (“SAHS”), with Distrivet, S.A. to form a leading animal-health provider on the Iberian Peninsula. We contributed SAHS by means of a contribution in kind of all the shares of SAHS in exchange for the transfer of shares from shareholders of Distrivet, S.A. (“Distrivet Shareholders”). In addition, at closing, we made a payment of $11 million, and we are obligated to make an additional payment of $11 million on the one-year anniversary of the closing of the combination. As a result of these transactions, we now own 50.01% of the new company, called Distrivet, a Covetrus company (“Distrivet”).

Based on Distrivet's governance structure, we do not have power over key financial and operating decisions that are made in the ordinary course of business. Accordingly, our investment in Distrivet is accounted for under the equity method and Distrivet is considered a related party. See Note 16 - Related Party Transactions.

The Investment and Shareholders Agreement of Distrivet, S.A. (“Agreement”) executed on January 13, 2020, contains put and call options on the shares owned by the Distrivet Shareholders, representing up to 49.99%, that are exercisable at fair market

12

COVETRUS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions) (Unaudited)

value based on floor and ceiling prices tied to Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization (“EBITDA”) multiples as specified in the Agreement. See Note 9 - Fair Value.

During the three months ended June 30, 2020, we deconsolidated SAHS, remeasured our retained investment initially at a fair value of $45 million, which was included in Investments and other in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, and recognized a gain of $1 million, which was included in Other, net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The fair value was measured using third-party valuation models and was determined using both the market approach and income approach, which includes discounted expected cash flows. As of September 30, 2020, the carrying amount of our investment in Distrivet was $49 million.

4. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Disaggregation of Revenue

The tables below present our revenue disaggregated by major product category and reportable segment.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Supply Chain Services		Software Solutions		Prescription Management		Eliminations		Total
North America	$	512	$	20	$	104	$	(18)	$	618
Europe	404		2		—		(3)		403
APAC & Emerging Markets	106		2		—		—		108
Eliminations	(3)		—		—		—		(3)
Total Net sales	$	1,019	$	24	$	104	$	(21)	$	1,126
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Supply Chain Services		Software Solutions		Prescription Management		Eliminations		Total
North America	$	464	$	20	$	72	$	(13)	$	543
Europe	385		2		—		(3)		384
APAC & Emerging Markets	92		2		—		—		94
Eliminations	(3)		—		—		—		(3)
Total Net sales	$	938	$	24	$	72	$	(16)	$	1,018
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Supply Chain Services		Software Solutions		Prescription Management		Eliminations		Total
North America	$	1,469	$	60	$	298	$	(56)	$	1,771
Europe	1,169		6		—		(9)		1,166
APAC & Emerging Markets	282		6		—		—		288
Eliminations	(8)		—		—		—		(8)
Total Net sales	$	2,912	$	72	$	298	$	(65)	$	3,217
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Supply Chain Services		Software Solutions		Prescription Management		Eliminations		Total
North America	$	1,379	$	62	$	172	$	(21)	$	1,592
Europe	1,117		7		—		(10)		1,114
APAC & Emerging Markets	264		6		—		—		270
Eliminations	(8)		—		—		—		(8)
Total Net sales	$	2,752	$	75	$	172	$	(31)	$	2,968

13

COVETRUS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions) (Unaudited)

Contract Balances

Contract balances represent amounts presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheets when we have either transferred goods or services to the customer or the customer has paid consideration to us under the contract. These contract balances include accounts receivable, contract assets, and contract liabilities.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recognized at the amount invoiced and the carrying amount is reduced in part by an allowance for credit losses. Our estimation of current expected credit losses, with respect to receivables and recognition of allowances that, when deducted from the balance of the receivables, represent the net amounts expected to be collected. We do not consider there to be significant concentrations of credit risk with trade receivables due to the short-term nature of our accounts, our large customer base, and strong historical experience collecting receivables. The allowance for credit losses is based on several factors which include reviewing delinquent accounts receivable, historical data, experience, customer types, creditworthiness, and economic trends. From time to time, we adjust our assumptions for anticipated changes in any of these or other factors that may affect collectability, and the allowance for credit losses is reviewed quarterly for any required adjustments. Accounts receivable are written off when it is probable that all contractual payments due will not be collected.

Contract Assets

Contract assets include amounts related to any conditional right to monetary consideration for work completed as of the reporting date and generally represent amounts owed to us by customers, but not yet billed. Contract assets are transferred to Accounts receivable when the right becomes unconditional. Current contract assets are included in Prepaid expenses and other and non-current contract assets are included in Investments and other within the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The contract assets primarily relate to the bundled arrangements for the sale of equipment and consumables and sales of term software licenses. Current and non-current contract asset balances as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were not material.

Contract Liabilities

Contract liabilities are comprised of advance payments received and deferred revenue amounts. Contract liabilities are transferred to revenue once our performance obligation has been satisfied. Current contract liabilities are included in Other current liabilities and non-current contract liabilities are included in Other liabilities within the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The contract liabilities primarily relate to advance payments from customers and upfront payments for service arrangements provided over time. The current portion of contract liabilities of $15 million at September 30, 2020 and $37 million at December 31, 2019 were reported in Other current liabilities. Amounts related to non-current contract liabilities were not material.

Performance Obligations

Estimated future revenues expected to be generated from our long-term contracts with unsatisfied performance obligations as of September 30, 2020 were not material.

5. Leases

The lease for our compounding facility and office space in Arizona commenced on January 1, 2020, which increased our operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities by $19 million. This facility has a lease term of 14 years. We also commenced or extended various other facility and equipment operating leases which, individually, were not material.

As of September 30, 2020, we determined that an operating lease right-of-use asset, a standalone asset group, within our North America segment was impaired. See Note 9 - Fair Value.

6. Other Intangibles, Net

Other intangibles, net includes customer relationships, trademarks, patents, product development, and non-compete arrangements.

14

COVETRUS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions) (Unaudited)

The following table presents the balances within the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of:

	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Gross definite-lived intangible assets	$	997	$	1,001
Accumulated amortization	(456)		(358)
Total Other intangibles, net	$	541	$	643

The following table presents our amortization expense:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Location	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cost of sales	$	1	$	1	$	3	$	3
Selling, general and administrative	33		33		98		90
Total amortization expense	$	34	$	34	$	101	$	93

7. Long-term Debt and Other Borrowings, Net

As of September 30, 2020 Long-term debt and other borrowings, net consisted of the following:

	Commencement Date	Maturity Date	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Revolving line of credit	February 2019	February 2024	$	—	$	—
Term loan payable; quarterly installments of $15 million began March 31, 2020 with remaining principal due at maturity	February 2019	February 2024	1,140		1,200
Loan payable with principal due at maturity	February 2019	March 2023	6		6
Finance lease obligations			1		1
Total debt and other borrowings			1,147		1,207
Less: current maturities			(46)		(62)
Total Long-term debt and other borrowings			1,101		1,145
Less: unamortized debt discount			(19)		(20)
Total Long-term debt and other borrowings, net			$	1,082	$	1,125

The amount available for borrowing under the revolving line of credit as of September 30, 2020 was $299 million, subject to covenant restrictions.

In February 2020, our credit facility was amended primarily to delay the step down of our leverage covenant from 5.50x to 5.00x until June 30, 2021.

On April 10, 2020, we used $45 million in proceeds from the sale of scil (see Note 3 - Divestiture and Equity Method Investment) to prepay our remaining quarterly principal amortization term loan payments for 2020. Following this prepayment, the next quarterly principal amortization term loan payment of $15 million is due on March 31, 2021.

8. Derivatives and Financial Instruments

We are exposed to the impact of changes in interest rates in the normal course of business. Our financial risk management program is designed to manage the exposure arising from this cash flow risk and uses derivative financial instruments to minimize this risk. We do not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

In 2019, we executed interest rate swap contracts with notional amounts aggregating $500 million that are designated as cash flow hedges to manage interest rate risk on our floating rate debt. These interest rate swap contracts effectively fix the borrowing rates on a portion of our floating rate debt discussed in Note 7 - Long-term Debt and Other Borrowings, Net.

15

COVETRUS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions) (Unaudited)

Our interest rate swap agreements exchange payment streams based on the notional principal amount. These agreements fix our future interest rates ranging from 1.63% to 1.70% plus the applicable margin as provided in our debt agreement on an amount of our debt principal equal to the then-outstanding swap notional amount. The base notional amounts mature on July 31, 2021. On the interest rate swap inception dates, we designated the swaps as a hedge of the variability in cash flows we pay on our variable rate borrowings.

The following table discloses the fair value and balance sheet location of our derivative instruments:

	Liability Derivatives
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments	Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Interest rate swap contracts	Other liabilities	$	6	$	1

At inception of the hedging contract, we used statistical regression to assess the effectiveness of the interest rate hedges. The hedging contracts were deemed highly effective and are expected to be highly effective throughout the hedge period. Therefore, we perform a qualitative assessment of the hedge effectiveness at each subsequent quarterly reporting date. As of September 30, 2020, derivative gains and losses were reported as a component of Other comprehensive income (loss) and will subsequently be recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations when the hedged transaction is recognized in earnings.

The effect of cash flow hedges on Other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:

		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments	Location	2020		2019		2020		2019
Interest rate swap contracts	Interest (income) expense	$	3	$	—	$	3	$	—

The net amount of deferred losses on cash flow hedges that are expected to be reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into Interest expense within the next 12 months is $6 million.

9. Fair Value

GAAP defines fair value as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

We have certain financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, certain nonfinancial assets and liabilities that may be measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, and certain financial assets and liabilities that are not measured at fair value in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, but the fair value is disclosed. The fair value disclosures of these assets and liabilities are based on a three-level hierarchy, which is defined as follows:

•Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

•Level 2 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability

•Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability

There were no changes in valuation approaches or techniques during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. See Note 9 - Fair Value in our Form 10-K for a description of our valuation techniques.

16

COVETRUS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions) (Unaudited)

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the level within the fair value hierarchy:

Liabilities	Level	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Interest rate swap contracts	2	$	6	$	1
Distrivet put option	3	5		—
Total liabilities		$	11	$	1

Interest Rate Swap Contracts

Our derivatives at September 30, 2020 consisted of five interest rate swap contracts which are over-the-counter and not traded through an exchange. See Note 8 - Derivatives and Financial Instruments.

Distrivet Put Option

The Distrivet put option fair value was derived from a Monte Carlo simulation methodology. The significant unobservable inputs utilized in this Level 3 fair value measurement includes the enterprise value of Distrivet, volatility, and cost of debt. We regularly evaluate each of the assumptions used in establishing this liability. Significant changes in assumptions could result in significantly lower or higher fair value measurements. See Note 3 - Divestiture and Equity Method Investment.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Assets that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis primarily relate to Property and equipment, net, Operating lease right-of-use assets, net, Goodwill, and Other intangibles, net. We do not periodically adjust carrying value to fair value for these assets; rather, the carrying value of the asset is reduced to its fair value when we determine that impairment has occurred. We did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the year ended December 31, 2019.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded an operating lease right-of-use asset impairment of $8 million in our North America segment as this asset group was not recoverable based on COVID-19's effect on the subleasing market as well as other asset group specific factors. The fair value of this operating lease right-of-use asset was $8 million, determined using the discounted expected cash flow. The significant unobservable inputs utilized in this Level 3 fair value measurement include market rent assumptions and discount rate.

Assets and Liabilities not Measured at Fair Value

Financial Assets and Liabilities

The carrying amounts reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheets for Cash and cash equivalents, Accounts receivable, net, Other receivables, Accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate their fair value due to the short maturity of those instruments.

Investments in Affiliates

There are no quoted market prices available for investments in affiliates, however, we believe the carrying amounts are a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Long-term Debt

Our long-term debt is classified as a level 2 instrument. The carrying amount of the term loan approximates fair value given the underlying interest rate applied to such amounts outstanding is currently reset to the prevailing monthly market rate.

17

COVETRUS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions) (Unaudited)

10. Commitments and Contingencies

We are involved in various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Substantial judgment is required in predicting the outcome of these legal proceedings, many of which take years to adjudicate. We accrue estimated costs for a contingency when we believe that a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated. No material accrued loss contingencies were recorded as of September 30, 2020.

Securities Litigation Matter

On September 30, 2019, the City of Hollywood (Florida) Police Officers' Retirement System filed a putative securities class action lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, purportedly on behalf of purchasers of Covetrus common stock from February 8, 2019 through August 12, 2019, against the Company, our Former Parent, our former Chief Executive Officer and President, and our former Chief Financial Officer (collectively, the “Defendants”). The complaint alleges that the Defendants violated Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), by making allegedly false and misleading statements and omissions, primarily regarding the Company’s financial prospects and the integration costs relating to the business combination involving the Animal Health Business and Vets First Choice. The suit seeks unspecified damages, fees, interest, and costs. We intend to defend the matter vigorously and have filed a motion to dismiss the lawsuit. Given the uncertainty of litigation, the preliminary stage of the case, and the legal standards that must be met for, among other things, class certification and success on the merits, we cannot estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss that may result from this action.

Purchase Obligations

We are party to an exclusive supply arrangement for certain products within the U.S. market. We amended this arrangement in February 2020 to extend the purchase obligations until 2025 which include unconditional purchase obligations totaling $44 million over this period. Our unconditional purchase obligation for 2020 is $8 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we paid $6 million for products purchased under this exclusive arrangement, leaving a remaining commitment of $38 million. Our forecasted sales for products under this exclusive supply arrangement exceed our purchase obligations.

In 2019, we engaged a third-party for services over a three-year period ending December 31, 2022. The fixed portion of the contract is capped at $14 million while the variable portion of the contract is capped at $39 million over the term of the engagement. We consider the contract to be of a “take-or-pay” nature due to the termination fees embedded in the contract: fixed termination fees of $12 million until mid-November 2020 and $14 million thereafter, plus any variable performance fees through termination. During 2019, we incurred $2 million in fixed fees. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we incurred $10 million in variable fees and $3 million in fixed fees under this arrangement, leaving a remaining potential commitment of $38 million.

11. Redeemable Non-controlling Interests

Some minority equity owners in certain of our subsidiaries have the right, at certain times, to require us to acquire their ownership interest in those entities. We initially record our Redeemable non-controlling interests at fair value on the date of acquisition and subsequently adjust to redemption value.

The following table presents the components of change and balances of Redeemable non-controlling interests within the condensed consolidated balance sheets as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020		Year Ended December 31, 2019
Balance at beginning of period	$	10	$	92
Decrease due to redemptions	—		(74)
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests	1		(3)
Effect of foreign currency translation (gain) loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests	(2)		1
Change to redemption value	6		(6)
Balance at end of period	$	15	$	10

18

COVETRUS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions) (Unaudited)

12. Redeemable Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

On May 19, 2020, we issued 250,000 shares of our 7.50% Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), with a par value of $0.01 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $250 million, or $1,000 per share, pursuant to an Investment Agreement (the “Investment Agreement”) with CD&R VFC Holdings, L.P. (the “Purchaser”), an affiliate of Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, LLC, (“CD&R”) dated April 30, 2020. We received net proceeds of $244 million after issuance costs, a portion of which was used to pay down our revolver borrowings and the remainder of which was used to provide additional short-term liquidity and support general corporate purposes.

Our right to elect a conversion was triggered on September 4, 2020, when the closing share price of our common stock was $22.29 , which marked the twentieth trading day in a period of thirty consecutive trading days that our volume weighted average stock price closed above $22.20 (which is equal to 200% of the conversion price for the Series A Preferred Stock of $11.10 currently in effect). On September 9, 2020, we then converted a portion of our 7.50% Series A Convertible Preferred Stock to 14.4 million shares of Common Stock in accordance with the terms of the Investment Agreement. Following this conversion, the Purchaser continues to own 90,632 shares of Series A Preferred Stock. The remaining Series A Preferred Stock is a participating security for our calculation of earnings per share (see Note 15 - Earnings (Loss) Per Share). To convert the remaining shares of Series A Preferred Stock into Common Stock, we require shareholder consent to comply with NASDAQ Listing Rules that otherwise limit Common Stock ownership to less than 20%. On November 17, 2020, we are scheduled to hold a Special Meeting of Shareholders to vote on the conversion of the remaining outstanding Series A Preferred Stock into common stock.

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, our board of directors declared a pro rata quarterly dividend. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 we paid preferred dividends of $4 million and $6 million, respectively. There were no cumulative dividends included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements in connection with the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock.

Under the terms of the Investment Agreement, the Purchaser had the right to appoint two designees to our board of directors (see Note 16 - Related Party Transactions).

13. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) includes certain gains and losses that are excluded from Net income (loss) under GAAP as these amounts are recorded directly as an adjustment to total equity.

The following table presents the changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of applicable taxes, by component:

	Gain (loss) on derivative instruments		Foreign currency translation gain (loss)		Total
Balance at December 29, 2018	$	—	$	(82)	$	(82)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(1)		(4)		(5)
Reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings	1		—		1
Balance at December 31, 2019	—		(86)		(86)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(8)		(2)		(10)
Reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings	3		2		5
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	(5)	$	(86)	$	(91)

We recognized foreign currency translation losses as a component of comprehensive income (loss) due to changes in foreign exchange rates from the beginning of the period to the end of the period. The condensed consolidated financial statements are denominated in the U.S. dollar currency. Fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies as compared to the U.S. dollar may have a significant impact on Comprehensive income (loss).

The tax effect on accumulated unrealized losses on derivative instruments was not material for the periods presented. See Note 8 - Derivatives and Financial Instruments.

19

COVETRUS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions) (Unaudited)

14. Income Taxes

As previously disclosed in our 2019 Form 10-K, we revised our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended September 30, 2019. As we incurred additional losses in the fourth quarter of 2019, we had for the first time, a three-year cumulative loss in the U.S. We determined that the cumulative loss represented a significant piece of negative evidence which is difficult to overcome in determining whether a valuation allowance was required. The cumulative loss caused us to reassess the weight of other available evidence we had use in making this determination at September 30, 2019. That reassessment resulted in our conclusion that negative evidence at September 30, 2019 outweighed the positive which resulted in the need for this revision. We determined that these amounts were and are not material to our previously issued quarterly financial statements. The impact to our previously issued condensed consolidated financial statements was as follows:

	As of September 30, 2019
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet	Previously Reported		Revision		As Revised
Non-current deferred income tax assets, net (a)	$	38	$	(19)	$	19
Total assets	3,328		(19)		3,309
Deferred income taxes	11		34		45
Total liabilities	1,989		34		2,023
Accumulated deficit	(939)		(53)		(992)
Total shareholders’ equity	1,329		(53)		1,276
Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interests, and shareholders’ equity	$	3,328	$	(19)	$	3,309
(a) Included in Investments and other.
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations	Previously Reported		Revision		As Revised
Income tax benefit (expense)	$	60	$	(53)	$	7
Net income (loss)	(909)		(53)		(962)
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	$	(906)	$	(53)	$	(959)
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Covetrus:
Basic	$	(8.09)	$	(0.47)	$	(8.56)
Diluted	$	(8.09)	$	(0.47)	$	(8.56)
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations	Previously Reported		Revision		As Revised
Income tax benefit (expense)	$	60	$	(53)	$	7
Net income (loss)	(932)		(53)		(985)
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	$	(929)	$	(53)	$	(982)
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Covetrus:
Basic	$	(8.76)	$	(0.50)	$	(9.26)
Diluted	$	(8.76)	$	(0.50)	$	(9.26)

Income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was $3 million on a loss before taxes and equity in earnings of affiliates of $32 million for a consolidated effective tax rate of (8.0)%. The difference between our effective tax rate and the federal statutory tax rates for the jurisdictions in which we operate for the three months ended September 30, 2020, primarily relates to the sale of our scil business and change in valuation allowance due to uncertainty regarding the realization of future tax benefits from certain U.S. deferred taxes.

20

COVETRUS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions) (Unaudited)

Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $6 million on a loss before taxes and equity in earnings of affiliates of $8 million for a consolidated effective tax rate of (90.6)%. The difference between our effective tax rate and the federal statutory tax rates for the jurisdictions in which we operate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily relates to the sale of our scil business and non-deductible stock compensation expense.

Income tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was $7 million on a loss before taxes and equity in earnings of affiliates of $969 million for a consolidated effective tax rate of 0.8%. The income tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $7 million on a loss before taxes and equity in earnings of affiliates of $992 million for a consolidated effective tax rate of 0.7%. The difference between our effective tax rate and the federal statutory tax rates for the jurisdictions in which we operate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily related to the federal tax impact of international operations included as Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income ("GILTI") and change in valuation allowance due to uncertainty regarding the realization of future tax benefits from certain U.S. deferred taxes.

The CARES Act

On March 27, 2020, the President of the United States signed the CARES Act, a substantial tax-and-spending package intended to provide additional economic stimulus to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

15. Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per common share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. In addition, the shares of common stock issuable pursuant to restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance stock units, and stock options outstanding under our 2019 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan, shares issuable under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan, and Series A Preferred Stock are included in the diluted EPS calculation to the extent they are dilutive.

21

COVETRUS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions) (Unaudited)

On September 9, 2020, we converted a portion of our 7.50% Series A Convertible Preferred Stock to 14.4 million common shares. Following the conversion, the additional shares were included in weighted-average common shares outstanding.

The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic and diluted EPS computation for net income (loss) per share:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions, except per share amounts)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Numerator:
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	$	(35)	$	(959)	$	(15)	$	(982)
Adjustment for:
Dividends declared on Series A preferred stock	(4)		—		(6)		—
Income (loss) available to common shareholders	$	(39)	$	(959)	$	(21)	$	(982)
Denominator:
Basic
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	116		112		113		106
Diluted
Effect of dilutive shares	—		—		—		—
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	116		112		113		106
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Covetrus:
Basic	$	(0.33)	$	(8.56)	$	(0.18)	$	(9.26)
Diluted	$	(0.33)	$	(8.56)	$	(0.18)	$	(9.26)
Potentially dilutive securities (a)	26		6		27		4
(a) Potentially dilutive securities attributable to outstanding convertible Series A Preferred Stock (approximately 73% of the total potentially dilutive securities for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and approximately 74% of the total potentially dilutive securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020), stock options, restricted stock units, restricted stock awards, and performance stock units were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the securities would have had an antidilutive effect.

22

COVETRUS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions) (Unaudited)

16. Related Party Transactions

Upon closing the transaction with Distrivet, S.A. on April 30, 2020 (see Note 3 - Divestiture and Equity Method Investment), Distrivet became a related party. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we provided management services and corporate branding to Distrivet under our agreement, and we provided goods to Distrivet. These services and product sales were not material during this period.

Because CD&R currently beneficially owns 19.99% of our common stock, they are deemed a related party. As part of the terms of the Investment Agreement, CD&R had the right to designate two members to our board of directors, which resulted in increasing the number of directors serving on the board from nine to ten directors. CD&R's current designees on our board of directors are Ravi Sachdev and Sandra E. Peterson. CD&R’s right to representation on our board is directly related to their level of share ownership; if CD&R sells some of their common stock, subject to certain thresholds, their right to representation on our board is reduced or eliminated. See Note 12 - Redeemable Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.

17. Segment Data

The following tables reflect our segment and Corporate information and reconciles Adjusted EBITDA for reportable segments to consolidated Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus:

	At and For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
	North America		Europe		APAC & Emerging Markets		Corporate		Eliminations		Total
Net sales	$	618	$	403	$	108	$	—	$	(3)	$	1,126
Adjusted EBITDA	$	45	$	19	$	8	$	(13)	$	—	$	59
Total assets	$	3,124	$	700	$	173	$	1,169	$	(1,656)	$	3,510
Reconciliation of Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus to Adjusted EBITDA:
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus											$	(35)
Plus: Depreciation and amortization											41
Plus: Interest expense, net											10
Plus: Income tax (benefit) expense											3
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization											19
Plus: Share-based compensation											11
Plus: Strategic consulting											3
Plus: Transaction costs (a)											1
Plus: Separation programs and executive severance											2
Plus: IT infrastructure											1
Plus: Formation of Covetrus (a)											4
Plus: Equity method investment and non-consolidated affiliates (b)											1
Plus: Operating lease right-of-use asset impairment											8
Plus: France managed exit (c)											8
Plus: Other items, net											1
Adjusted EBITDA											$	59
(a) Includes professional and consulting fees, duplicative costs associated with transition service agreements, and other costs incurred in connection with the separation from Former Parent and establishing Covetrus as an independent public company.
(b) Includes the proportionate share of the adjustments to EBITDA of consolidated and non-consolidated affiliates where Covetrus ownership is less than 100%.
(c) Includes $7 million of severance and $1 million of other costs. See Note 3 - Divestiture and Equity Method Investment for further discussion.

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COVETRUS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions) (Unaudited)

	At and For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	North America		Europe		APAC & Emerging Markets		Corporate		Eliminations		Total
Net sales	$	543	$	384	$	94	$	—	$	(3)	$	1,018
Adjusted EBITDA	$	39	$	15	$	5	$	(10)	$	—	$	49
Total assets	$	2,829	$	622	$	121	$	1,108	$	(1,371)	$	3,309
Reconciliation of Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus to Adjusted EBITDA:
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus											$	(959)
Plus: Depreciation and amortization											41
Plus: Interest expense, net											16
Plus: Income tax (benefit) expense											(7)
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization											(909)
Plus: Share-based compensation											10
Plus: Formation of Covetrus (a)											13
Plus: Separation programs and executive severance											1
Plus: IT infrastructure											2
Plus: Goodwill impairment											939
Less: Minority interest in goodwill impairment											(3)
Less: Other items, net											(4)
Adjusted EBITDA											$	49
(a) Includes professional and consulting fees, duplicative costs associated with transition service agreements, and other costs incurred in connection with the separation from Former Parent and establishing Covetrus as an independent public company.

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COVETRUS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions) (Unaudited)

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
	North America		Europe		APAC & Emerging Markets		Corporate		Eliminations		Total
Net sales	$	1,771	$	1,166	$	288	$	—	$	(8)	$	3,217
Adjusted EBITDA	$	141	$	53	$	20	$	(44)	$	—	$	170
Reconciliation of Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus to Adjusted EBITDA:
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus											$	(15)
Plus: Depreciation and amortization											124
Plus: Interest expense, net											37
Plus: Income tax (benefit) expense											6
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization											152
Plus: Share-based compensation											30
Plus: Strategic consulting											13
Plus: Transaction costs (a)											8
Plus: Separation programs and executive severance											4
Plus: IT infrastructure											3
Plus: Formation of Covetrus (b)											17
Plus: Capital structure											2
Plus: Equity method investment and non-consolidated affiliates (c)											1
Plus: Operating lease right-of-use asset impairment											8
Plus: France managed exit (d)											8
Less: Other items, net (e)											(76)
Adjusted EBITDA											$	170
(a) Includes legal, accounting, tax, and other professional fees incurred in connection with acquisitions and divestitures.
(b) Includes professional and consulting fees, duplicative costs associated with transition service agreements, and other costs incurred in connection with the separation from Former Parent and establishing Covetrus as an independent public company.
(c) Includes the proportionate share of the adjustments to EBITDA of consolidated and non-consolidated affiliates where Covetrus ownership is less than 100%.
(d) Includes $7 million of severance and $1 million of other costs. See Note 3 - Divestiture and Equity Method Investment for further discussion.
(e) Includes a pre-tax gain of $72 million from the sale of scil and a $1 million gain on the deconsolidation of SAHS. See Note 3 - Divestiture and Equity Method Investment.

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COVETRUS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions) (Unaudited)

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	North America		Europe		APAC & Emerging Markets		Corporate		Eliminations		Total
Net sales	$	1,592	$	1,114	$	270	$	—	$	(8)	$	2,968
Adjusted EBITDA	$	117	$	50	$	13	$	(27)	$	—	$	153
Reconciliation of Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus to Adjusted EBITDA:
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus											$	(982)
Plus: Depreciation and amortization											113
Plus: Interest expense, net											41
Plus: Income tax (benefit) expense											(7)
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization											(835)
Plus: Share-based compensation											35
Plus: Formation of Covetrus (a)											26
Plus: Separation programs and executive severance											1
Plus: Carve-out operating expenses											5
Plus: IT infrastructure											4
Plus: Goodwill impairment											939
Less: Minority interest in goodwill impairment											(3)
Less: Other items, net											(19)
Adjusted EBITDA											$	153
(a) Includes professional and consulting fees, duplicative costs associated with transition service agreements, and other costs incurred in connection with the separation from Former Parent and establishing Covetrus as an independent public company.

See Note 4 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers for our revenue disaggregated by major product category and reportable segment.

18. Subsequent Events

On October 9, 2020, we announced a strategic investment in Veterinary Study Groups, Inc. ("VSG") which we will consolidate in the fourth quarter of 2020. VSG manages a family of more than 50 Veterinary Management Groups in the United States and Canada, which are comprised of more than 1,100 members who together own more than 1,500 veterinary practices. VSG generated approximately $12 million in revenue for fiscal year 2019.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-looking Statements

Certain matters discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q” or “Report”), and in particular, this management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations, contain statements, estimates, and projections that are “forward-looking statements” as defined under U.S. federal securities laws and involve substantial risks and uncertainties. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “budget,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “future,” and the negative of these or similar terms and phrases are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and actual results could differ materially from those anticipated due to a number of factors including but not limited to:

•the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and the success of any measures we have taken or may take in the future in response thereto, including our ability to continue operations at our distribution centers and pharmacies

•risks associated with our management transition

•the ability to successfully integrate operations and employees

•the ability to realize anticipated benefits and synergies of the transactions that created Covetrus

•the potential impact of the consummation of the transactions on relationships, including with employees, customers, and competitors

•the ability to retain key personnel

•the ability to achieve performance targets

•changes in financial markets, interest rates, and foreign currency exchange rates

•changes in our market

•the impact of litigation

•the impact of Brexit

•the impact of accounting pronouncements, seasonality of our business, leases, expenses, interest expense, and debt

•sufficiency of cash and access to liquidity

•cybersecurity risks, including risk associated with our dependence on third party service providers as a large portion of our workforce is working from home

•additional risks and factors discussed, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in this Report and in our 2019 Form 10-K filed on March 3, 2020, and in our other SEC filings

Our forward-looking statements are based on current beliefs and expectations of our management team and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligations to make any revisions to the forward-looking statements contained in this Report or to update them to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this Report, whether as a result of new information, future developments, or otherwise.

Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that these expectations will prove to have been correct. These expectations may or may not be realized. Some of these expectations may be based upon assumptions, data, or judgments that prove to be incorrect. Actual events, results, and outcomes may differ materially from our expectations due to a variety of known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements include those set forth in this Form 10-Q and under the caption Risk Factors in our 2019 Form 10-K.

We operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing market. New risks emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of what our operating results for the full fiscal year will be. For the foregoing reasons, you are cautioned against relying on any forward-looking statements.

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included in our 2019 Form 10-K.

The terms “Covetrus,” “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us,” or “ourselves” included in this Report mean Covetrus, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, collectively.

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Rounding adjustments applied to individual numbers and percentages shown in this Report may result in these figures differing immaterially from their absolute values and certain tables may not foot or cross foot.

Overview

We are a global, animal-health technology and services company dedicated to supporting the companion, equine, and large-animal veterinary markets. Our mission is to provide the best products, services, and technology to veterinarians and animal-health practitioners across the globe, so they can deliver exceptional care to their patients when and where it is needed. In February 2019, we combined the complementary capabilities of the Animal Health Business, previously operated by our Former Parent, and Vets First Choice, bringing together leading practice management software and supply chain distribution businesses with a technology-enabled prescription management platform and related pharmacy services. We believe our approach to the market will support the delivery of improved veterinary care and health of their practices while driving increased demand for our products and services.

Segments

We are organized based upon geographic region and focus on delivering our platform of products and services to our customers on a geographical basis; our reportable segments consist of the following: (i) North America, (ii) Europe, and (iii) APAC & Emerging Markets. We evaluate our segment profit (loss) solely based on adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”).

Definition of Non-GAAP Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure used to: (i) aid management and investors with year-over-year comparability, (ii) determine management performance under our compensation plans, (iii) plan and forecast, (iv) communicate our financial performance to our board of directors, shareholders, and investment analysts, and (v) understand our operating performance without regard to items we do not consider a component of our core ongoing operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA has certain limitations in that it does not consider the impact of certain expenses to our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Adjusted EBITDA excludes share-based compensation, strategic consulting, transaction costs, formation of Covetrus expenses, separation programs and executive severance, carve-out operating expenses, IT infrastructure, goodwill impairment charges, capital structure-related fees, operating lease right-of-use asset impairments, managed exits from businesses we are exiting or closing, and other income and expense items, net. Currently, we do not allocate expenses managed at the corporate level, such as corporate wages and related benefits, corporate occupancy costs, professional services utilized at the corporate level and non-recurring expenses to our operating segments. Other companies may not define or calculate Adjusted EBITDA in the same way. We provide Adjusted EBITDA by segment as a supplemental measure to GAAP. See below for our Adjusted EBITDA explanations on a segment basis as well as on a consolidated, non-GAAP basis. Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA on a total segment basis is reconciled in Note 17 - Segment Data as required by ASC 280.

Key Factors and Trends Affecting our Results

Impact of COVID-19 on our Business

In an effort to contain COVID-19 or slow its spread, governments around the world enacted various measures, including orders to close all businesses not deemed “essential,” isolate residents to their homes or places of residence, and practice social distancing when engaging in essential activities. The determination of what is an “essential” business is mandated by local authorities. However, since various countries started reopening in the second half of 2020, there has been a surge of coronavirus cases in various locations and some countries are experiencing a second wave of infections. Due to recent spikes in cases, some regions are re-entering lockdowns, stepping up restrictions, or delaying phased re-opening plans. The animal-health industry and veterinary-care sector have proven to be more resilient than originally anticipated. Operationally, all of our distribution centers and pharmacies continue to remain open as veterinary medicine has been deemed an essential service in most geographies across the globe. Our supply chain operations continue to work with manufacturers and suppliers across the globe to provide access to critical supplies and quality products.

During the first quarter of 2020, net sales reflected the positive momentum the business had entering 2020, benefiting from prescription management growth and certain inventory stocking activity in several geographies in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. From mid-March to the end of April, we experienced a significant slowdown in net sales as some markets went into a stricter lockdown. As a result of this slowdown and the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, management took certain temporary cost containment measures to help better align our cost structure near-term, including temporary executive,

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board, and other senior-level employee compensation reductions, employee furloughs in certain European countries, certain shift eliminations, a temporary hiring freeze, discretionary spending deferrals, deferred payroll taxes as available under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), and temporarily suspended our 401(k)-employer match. However, our end-market across most geographies began to improve exiting April and demand has largely recovered as deferred visits to veterinary practices recovered and demand trends normalized to pre-COVID-19 levels in most of our markets.

Additionally, demand for our prescription management and online pharmacy services increased in the second quarter with growth rates returning to pre-COVID-19 levels in the third quarter as the pandemic shifted customer and animal-owner demand to our online channel; however, this demand may be temporary. COVID-19 may result in a reduction in our companion animal-related net sales should wellness-related veterinary practice visits decline; as the companion-animal market represents approximately 75% of our global supply chain net sales. Even though, to date, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused limited disruption to our financial results as we observed demand increases, the pandemic has been highly disruptive to established business practices and the buying patterns of our customers, both of which are currently fluid as the COVID-19 pandemic's effect on our macroeconomic environment is unpredictable. Although our supply chain and distribution network is meeting our market demand, we are exposed to third party shipping surcharges and anticipate this trend to continue.

Our travel and entertainment expenses were significantly reduced in the second and third quarters of 2020 due to travel restrictions, which while disruptive, were beneficial in managing our operating expense. We expect that travel and entertainment expenses will return to previous levels when the COVID-19 pandemic eventually subsides. We are monitoring our business to address our adaptability to COVID-19 in the short term as well as long-term sustainability. We believe that the actions we have taken will help us manage through the COVID-19 pandemic, however, our results in future quarters depend on the efficacy of containment procedures, the consequences of re-opening plans implemented globally, the lift on travel restrictions, and the subsequent impact on economic activity.

We began to ease some of the above-mentioned cash and liquidity conservation measures as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our results of operations, to date, has been less than anticipated. We returned to pre-COVID-19 compensation levels and reinstated our 401(k)-employer match. At the same time, we continue to closely monitor global developments unfolding during the pandemic and may reinstate any measures that we reverse, or we may take additional actions, as needed, to ensure we have enough liquidity for our business operations. In the absence of cost containment measures to manage our business in this dynamic COVID-19 environment, our selling, general and administrative expenses would likely increase throughout the remainder of 2020 as we continue to establish ourselves as a standalone company and invest for growth.

To protect the health and safety of our employees, we implemented workplace regulations and recommended guidelines from government and public health authorities related to COVID-19. This includes frequent washing of hands, daily disinfecting of workspaces, and limiting non-essential travel. For employees who recently traveled to affected areas, a two-week quarantine is required prior to returning to work. In our pharmacies, it has been our standard practice to strictly comply with United States Pharmacopeia regulations on the use and application of personal protective equipment by all staff. In March 2020, we transitioned a large portion of our teams to working remotely and implemented staggered schedules in our distribution facilities. In October 2020, we issued internal guidance on the expected return to work in July 2021 for our North America workforce that is currently operating remotely. Outside of North America, we adhere to the regulations and guidelines instituted by local authorities in our area of operations and make judgments with the best available information at the time. We created a COVID-19 information portal on our Covetrus intranet that provides best practices for working at home and staying connected, communications from our leadership, internal contacts for any COVID-19 questions, and helpful external reference links.

We assembled three cross-functional task forces that actively monitor our return-to-work guidelines. These task forces represent North America, Europe, and APAC & Emerging Markets, and their goal is to maintain a comprehensive plan of best practices for our essential facilities such as distribution centers and pharmacies and establish protocols for field-based employees to return to customer sites and for us to re-open Covetrus offices to safely accommodate more office-based employees.

Our return to work plan addresses four main areas:

•Health & Safety - create work schedules and rotations, use of personal protective equipment, and protocols for employee health screening, sick notifications, on-site visitors, and more

•Operations - best practices and guidance for employee workspace reconfiguration required to support social distancing, cleaning protocols, training, and compliance management

•Commercial - enable and support field-based employees in making customer visits and establish safety guidelines and strategies for our field sales teams

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•Communications - communicate updates of employee-related policies and provide materials, onsite signage, and employee training on updated protocols and policies

We will continue to actively monitor how COVID-19 is impacting us and may take further actions to alter our business operations in the best interests of our employees, customers, partners, suppliers, and other stakeholders, or as required by federal, state, or local authorities.

Strategic Development

In 2020, we identified four priorities for our organization to drive forward our long-term strategic objectives: (i) creating a high-performing, customer-centric culture, (ii) maximizing effectiveness and efficiency, (iii) driving proprietary products and solutions, and (iv) expanding capabilities and developing sourcing excellence.

To date, we have taken a number of steps to support these priorities, including:

•We onboarded several leaders with experience in driving growth and transformation to increase coordination across our business units and technology capabilities as we phase-in our global integration efforts and tap into growth opportunities

•As part of our commitment to creating a diverse and inclusive environment, we created a Global Diversity & Inclusion governance and community program, which includes a Global Advisory Board and a number of global, business unit and regional diversity and inclusion leads dedicated to drive our commitments and strategic focus areas as well as to ensure local support

•In August, with our focus on our team, retaining our hardworking talent, and the knowledge of how COVID-19 may be affecting team members in their personal lives, we launched the Covetrus Hardship Fund to help our colleagues with COVID-19 illness-related hardship

•We instituted broad-based cost containment measures and spending discipline to adapt to the changing COVID-19 economic environment. Many of these measures drive organizational and spending behavior we were seeking to instill anyway within our organization to support our growth and continued performance. For example, on an as-needed basis, we would expect to implement hiring freezes of non-essential positions as well as capital expenditure trimming

•We experienced strong utilization of our prescription management platform as we were well placed in the industry to provide dynamic solutions to our customers, although this growth may be temporary

•We centralized our direct and indirect sourcing initiatives to coordinate purchasing activity and leverage our global scale

•In October 2020, we made a strategic investment in Veterinary Study Groups — which we will consolidate in the fourth quarter of 2020 — that furthers our strategy to drive increased customer alignment

While the global pandemic may have a continued impact on our business and could create new obstacles tied to achieving certain of our strategic objectives, our focus on building a shared culture of success, driving efficiencies throughout the organization, and executing against the core drivers of our business has and will remain.

Seasonality

Our quarterly sales and operating results have varied from period-to-period in the past and will likely continue to do so in the future. In the companion-animal market, sales of parasite protection products have historically tended to be stronger during the spring and summer months, primarily due to an increase in vector-borne diseases during that time, which correlates with our second and third quarters given that most of our business is in the northern hemisphere. Buying patterns can also be affected by manufacturers’ and distributors’ marketing programs or price increase announcements which can cause our customers to purchase animal-health products earlier than when those products are needed. This kind of early purchasing may reduce our sales in the quarters these purchases would have otherwise been made. The sales of animal products can also vary due to changes in the price of commodities used in manufacturing the products and weather patterns which may also affect period-over-period financial results. We expect our historical seasonality trends to continue in the foreseeable future.

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Results of Operations

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
(In millions)	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		$ Increase (Decrease)		% Increase (Decrease)		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		$ Increase (Decrease)		% Increase (Decrease)
Net sales	$	1,126	$	1,018	$	108	10.6	%	$	3,217	$	2,968	$	249	8.4	%
Cost of sales	929		827		102		12.3		2,625		2,407		218		9.1
Gross profit	197		191		6		3.1		592		561		31		5.5
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	224		210		14		6.7		642		594		48		8.1
Goodwill impairment	—		939		(939)		(100.0)		—		939		(939)		(100.0)
Operating loss	$	(27)	$	(958)	$	(931)	(97.2)	%	$	(50)	$	(972)	$	(922)	(94.9)	%
Interest expense, net	$	(10)	$	(15)	$	(5)	(33.3)	%	$	(37)	$	(38)	$	(1)	(2.6)	%
Other, net (a)	$	5	$	4	$	1	25.0	%	$	79	$	18	$	61	338.9	%
Net income (loss)	$	(35)	$	(962)	$	(927)	(96.4)	%	$	(14)	$	(985)	$	(971)	(98.6)	%
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	$	(35)	$	(959)	$	(924)	(96.4)	%	$	(15)	$	(982)	$	(967)	(98.5)	%
(a) Includes a $72 million gain on the divestiture of scil and a $1 million gain on the deconsolidation of SAHS. See Note 3 - Divestiture and Equity Method Investment.

The year-over-year increase in Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to prescription management growth, improved performance across certain of our markets as the end-market demand recovered, and favorable foreign exchange, partially offset by divestitures.

The year-over-year increase in Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to prescription management growth, improved performance across certain of our markets, and acquisitions, partially offset by unfavorable foreign exchange and divestitures.

The year-over-year improvement in Operating loss for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 was largely due to the impact of the goodwill impairment charge in the comparative period of the prior year.

The year-over-year improvement in Operating loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was largely due to the impact of the goodwill impairment charge in the comparative period of the prior year, partially offset by increased SG&A expense related to various corporate functions as we continue to invest in our corporate infrastructure to enable our growth.

The year-over-year improvement in Net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 was largely due to the impact of the goodwill impairment charge in the comparative period of the prior year.

The year-over-year improvement in Net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was largely due to the impact of the goodwill impairment charge in the comparative period of the prior year, the gain on the divestiture of scil, partially offset by increased SG&A expense related to various corporate functions as we continue to invest in our corporate infrastructure to enable our growth.

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Year-Over-Year Period Comparisons

Net Sales

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
(In millions)	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		$ Change		% Change		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		$ Change		% Change
North America	$	618	$	543	$	75	13.8	%	$	1,771	$	1,592	$	179	11.2	%
Europe	403		384		19		4.9		1,166		1,114		52		4.7
APAC & Emerging Markets	108		94		14		14.9		288		270		18		6.7
Eliminations	(3)		(3)		—		—		(8)		(8)		—		—
Total Net sales	$	1,126	$	1,018	$	108	10.6	%	$	3,217	$	2,968	$	249	8.4	%

Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 primarily due to a $32 million increase from prescription management growth, improved performance across certain of our markets as the COVID-19 impact eased, and the $14 million favorable impact of foreign exchange, partially offset by $29 million in net sales from divestitures as the divested businesses contributed net sales for a full period in 2019. The drivers by segment are detailed below:

•North America increased primarily due to growth in prescription management, which contributed a $32 million increase in net sales. Supply chain net sales (net of eliminations) increased 10% due to end-market recovery at or above pre-COVID-19 levels.

•Europe increased primarily due to the COVID-19 end-market recovery in certain of our European markets and favorable foreign currency exchange of $16 million, partially offset by the disposition of scil and the deconsolidation of a subsidiary in Spain that decreased net sales by $26 million as the divested businesses contributed net sales for a full period in 2019. Our business in Germany has been adversely affected by our transition to a third party logistics provider in the fourth quarter of 2020. Also, a loss of a U.K. supplier effective January 2021, will result in decreasing net sales in future periods. We are taking steps to mitigate these effects and do not expect the profitability impact to be significant.

•APAC & Emerging Markets increased primarily due to strong underlying organic growth in the region, partially offset by unfavorable foreign exchange of $2 million.

Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily due to a $102 million increase from prescription management growth, improved performance across certain of our markets, and contribution of $67 million in net sales from acquisitions, including $24 million from the acquisition of Vets First Choice being present for a complete three quarters of sales this year versus only 7.5 months in 2019 (February 8 - September 30, 2019), partially offset by $27 million due to unfavorable foreign exchange and $55 million effect on net sales from divestitures as the divested businesses contributed net sales for a full period in 2019. The drivers by segment are detailed below:

•North America increased primarily due to an increased contribution of $102 million from prescription management growth and $24 million from the acquisition of Vets First Choice being present for a complete three quarters of sales this year versus only 7.5 months in 2019 (February 8 - September 30, 2019). The increase in supply chain net sales was partially offset by the loss of a customer in the first quarter of 2019.

•Europe increased primarily due to organic growth in most of our markets in the region and $41 million from our acquisitions in France and Romania being present for the full period in 2020, partially offset by $50 million from the disposition of scil and the deconsolidation of a subsidiary in Spain as the divested businesses contributed net sales for a full period in 2019, and unfavorable foreign currency exchange of $6 million.

•APAC & Emerging Markets increased primarily due to the contribution of $37 million in net sales from organic growth. These increases were partially offset by unfavorable foreign exchange of $20 million.

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Gross Profit and Gross Profit Margin    

	Three Months Ended
(In millions)	September 30, 2020		Gross Margin %		September 30, 2019		Gross Margin %		$ Change		Gross Profit % Change
North America	$	123	19.9	%	$	116	21.4	%	$	7	6.0	%
Europe	53		13.2		57		14.8		(4)		(7.0)
APAC & Emerging Markets	21		19.4		18		19.1		3		16.7
Total Gross profit	$	197	17.5	%	$	191	18.8	%	$	6	3.1	%

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the increase in gross profit compared to the prior year period was due to $6 million related to prescription management growth, improved performance across certain of our markets as the end-market demand recovered, and $1 million in favorable foreign exchange, partially offset by $8 million from divestitures as the divested businesses contributed gross profit for a full period in 2019. The drivers of the increase in our gross profit are further detailed below by segment:

•North America increased primarily due to prescription management growth which contributed $6 million and the increase in supply chain net sales related end-market recovery.

•Europe decreased primarily due to the disposition of scil and the deconsolidation of a subsidiary in Spain as the divested businesses contributed gross profit for a full period in 2019, which decreased gross profit by $7 million, partially offset by favorable foreign exchange of $2 million and an increase in net sales related to the end-market recovery in many European markets.

•APAC & Emerging Markets increased due to improved performance in certain markets in the region.

	Nine Months Ended
(In millions)	September 30, 2020		Gross Margin %		September 30, 2019		Gross Margin %		$ Change		Gross Profit % Change
North America	$	371	20.9	%	$	340	21.4	%	$	31	9.1	%
Europe	164		14.1		169		15.2		(5)		(3.0)
APAC & Emerging Markets	57		19.8		52		19.3		5		9.6
Total Gross profit	$	592	18.4	%	$	561	18.9	%	$	31	5.5	%

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the increase in gross profit compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was largely driven by a $26 million increase from prescription management growth, $15 million from acquisitions being present for the full period in 2020 versus a partial period in 2019, as well as improved performance across certain distribution markets. These increases were partially offset by $16 million from the disposition of scil and the deconsolidation of a subsidiary in Spain as the divested businesses contributed gross profit for a full period in 2019 and unfavorable foreign exchange of $6 million. The drivers of the increase in our gross profit are further detailed below by segment:

•North America increased primarily due to the acquisition and growth of our prescription management business.

•Europe decreased primarily due to $14 million from the disposition of scil and the deconsolidation of a subsidiary in Spain as the divested businesses contributed gross profit for a full period in 2019, and unfavorable foreign exchange effects, partially offset by acquisitions being present for the full period in 2020 versus a partial period in 2019 and improved performance across certain distribution markets.

•APAC & Emerging Markets increased due to the contribution of $9 million from organic growth, partially offset by unfavorable foreign exchange of $5 million.

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Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”)

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
(In millions)	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		$ Change		% Change		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		$ Change		% Change
North America	$	129	$	121	$	8	6.6	%	$	364	$	347	$	17	4.9	%
Europe	51		46		5		10.9		142		135		7		5.2
APAC & Emerging Markets	14		15		(1)		(6.7)		41		43		(2)		(4.7)
Corporate	30		28		2		7.1		95		69		26		37.7
Total SG&A	$	224	$	210	$	14	6.7	%	$	642	$	594	$	48	8.1	%

SG&A expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased compared to prior year period primarily due to increased costs related to various corporate functions as we continue to invest in our corporate infrastructure to enable our growth, an $8 million operating lease right-of-use asset impairment and $7 million of costs accrued in connection with the managed exit of our French distribution business, strategic consulting fees, and an unfavorable foreign exchange effect. This increase was partially offset by $8 million from the disposition of scil and the deconsolidation of a subsidiary in Spain as the divested businesses contributed expenses for a full period in 2019. The drivers by segment and at Corporate are detailed below:

•North America increased primarily due to an $8 million operating lease right-of-use asset impairment.

•Europe increased primarily due to $7 million of costs incurred in connection with the managed exit of our French distribution business, $2 million of unfavorable foreign exchange, and an increase in IT and facility costs associated with the formation of Covetrus as we exit our transition service agreements. The increase was partially offset by $7 million from the disposition of scil and the deconsolidation of a subsidiary in Spain as the divested businesses contributed expenses for a full period in 2019.

•APAC & Emerging Markets decreased primarily due to favorable foreign exchange of $1 million.

•Corporate increased primarily due to increased costs related to various corporate functions as we continue to invest in our corporate infrastructure to enable our growth and strategic consulting fees of $3 million, partially offset by a decrease in expenses related to the formation of Covetrus.

SG&A expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased compared to the same period in 2019, primarily due to the increase of $25 million from acquisitions (primarily Vets First Choice) and increased costs related to various corporate functions as we continue to invest in our corporate infrastructure to enable our growth, strategic consulting fees, an $8 million operating lease right-of-use asset impairment, and $7 million of costs accrued in connection with the managed exit of our French distribution business. These costs were partially offset by decreases due to the disposition of scil, the deconsolidation of a subsidiary in Spain as the divested businesses contributed expenses for a full period in 2019, decreased expenses related to the formation of Covetrus, and favorable foreign exchange of $4 million. The drivers by segment and at Corporate are detailed below:

•North America increased primarily due to the acquisition of Vets First Choice which contributed $19 million incremental expense from a complete nine months of SG&A expense this year versus 7.5 months last year and an $8 million operating lease right-of-use asset impairment, partially offset by lower share-based compensation expenses and expenses related to the formation of Covetrus.

•Europe increased primarily due to $7 million of costs accrued in connection with the managed exit of our French distribution business, $6 million from acquisitions in France and Romania being present for the full period in 2020, and increased IT and facility costs associated with the formation of Covetrus as we exit our transition service agreements. These increases were partially offset by $13 million from the disposition of scil and the deconsolidation of a subsidiary in Spain as the divested businesses contributed expenses for a full period in 2019.

•APAC & Emerging Markets decreased primarily due to favorable foreign exchange.

•Corporate grew primarily due to increased costs incurred as we continue to invest in our corporate infrastructure to enable our growth and $13 million related to strategic consulting fees, partially offset by decreased expenses related to the formation of Covetrus.

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Other, net

Other, net during the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 was relatively flat.

The nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was positively impacted by the gain on the divestiture of scil as well as a gain on our deconsolidation of our subsidiary, SAHS, in Spain.

Income taxes

Income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was $3 million on a loss before income taxes and equity earnings in affiliates of $32 million for a consolidated effective tax rate of (8.0)%. The difference between our effective tax rate and the federal statutory tax rates for the jurisdictions in which we operate for the three months ended September 30, 2020, primarily relates to the sale of our scil business and change in valuation allowance due to uncertainty regarding the realization of future tax benefits from certain U.S. deferred taxes.

Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $6 million on a loss before taxes and equity in earnings of affiliates of $8 million for a consolidated effective tax rate of (90.6)%. The difference between our effective tax rate and the federal statutory tax rates for the jurisdictions in which we operate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily relates to the sale of our scil business and non-deductible stock compensation expense.

Income tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was $7 million on a loss before taxes and equity in earnings of affiliates of $969 million for a consolidated effective tax rate of 0.8%. The income tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $7 million on a loss before taxes and equity in earnings of affiliates of $992 million for a consolidated effective tax rate of 0.7%. The difference between our effective tax rate and the federal statutory tax rates for the jurisdictions in which we operate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily related to the federal tax impact of international operations included as GILTI and change in valuation allowance due to uncertainty regarding the realization of future tax benefits from certain U.S. deferred taxes.

Adjusted EBITDA

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
(In millions)	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		$ Change		% Change		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		$ Change		% Change
North America	$	45	$	39	$	6	15.4	%	$	141	$	117	$	24	20.5	%
Europe	19		15		4		26.7		53		50		3		6.0
APAC & Emerging Markets	8		5		3		60.0		20		13		7		53.8
Corporate	(13)		(10)		(3)		NA		(44)		(27)		(17)		NA
Total Adjusted EBITDA	$	59	$	49	$	10	20.4	%	$	170	$	153	$	17	11.1	%

Total non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased compared to the same period in 2019, largely due to prescription management growth, partially offset by increasing costs incurred as we continue to invest in our corporate infrastructure to enable our growth. The changes by segment and at Corporate are detailed below:

•North America increased primarily due to prescription management growth.

•Europe increased primarily due to the COVID-19 end-market recovery in certain of the European markets.

•APAC & Emerging Markets increased primarily due to organic growth.

•Corporate contributed a $3 million decrease largely due to increased costs incurred as we continue to invest in our corporate infrastructure to enable our growth.

Total non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased compared to the same period in 2019, largely due to prescription management growth, partially offset by increasing costs incurred as we continue to invest in our corporate infrastructure to enable our growth. The changes by segment and at Corporate are detailed below:

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•North America increased primarily due to growth of our prescription management business.

•Europe increased primarily due to the COVID-19 end-market recovery in certain of our European markets.

•APAC & Emerging Markets increased primarily due to organic growth, partially offset by unfavorable foreign exchange.

•Corporate contributed a $17 million decrease primarily due to increased SG&A expenses incurred as we continue to invest in our corporate infrastructure to enable our growth.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Impact of COVID-19 on Liquidity and Capital Resources

The spread of COVID-19 as a global pandemic in early 2020 led to rapid pricing fluctuations and changing terms that have impacted global capital markets. Many equity prices tumbled and the investment funds flowing into certain debt markets paused or became more expensive to borrowers in the early stages of the pandemic, and the recovery of these capital markets has been mixed with still uncertain forecasts. In response, some governments offered deferred tax schemes, guarantees, and loan programs to individuals, small businesses, and larger companies as methods to boost liquidity and maintain workforces to help soften the impact of COVID-19 on capital structures and financial results of businesses. We have not been immune to the impact of COVID-19 and have taken and continue to take steps to improve our liquidity position.

In April 2020, under challenging conditions, we completed the sale of our scil animal-care business for net cash proceeds of approximately $104 million, representing gross proceeds of $110 million, net of cash included in the sale. We used $45 million of these proceeds to prepay our remaining quarterly term loan principal amortization payments for 2020.

On May 19, 2020, we sold our Series A Preferred Stock in a private placement transaction for $244 million in net cash proceeds to further enhance our liquidity position. A portion of the Series A Preferred Stock proceeds, coupled with cash flow generated from better than anticipated sales during COVID-19, was used to repay our revolver borrowings outstanding at that time earlier than expected, with the remainder used to support general corporate purposes (see Note 12 - Redeemable Series A Convertible Preferred Stock). In September 2020, we acted on the opportunity to convert a portion of our Series A Preferred Stock to common stock that will result in a reduction of our cash dividend payments on the Series A Preferred Stock by $12 million, on an annualized basis assuming cash payments. On November 17, 2020, we are scheduled to hold a Special Meeting of Shareholders to vote on the conversion of the remaining outstanding Series A Preferred Stock into common stock that would allow us to further save approximately $7 million in annual dividend payments.

Our operational plans to manage our liquidity continue to include reducing non-critical capital expenditures, sharpening our focus on collecting amounts owed to us by customers and for supplier rebates, managing opportunistic inventory purchases as we carefully monitor sales forecasts, quickly reducing our other costs, considering additional borrowings, if needed, based on availability under our revolving credit facility from time-to-time, and maximizing our payment terms wherever possible.

Our interest expense was slightly lower during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 primarily due to fully paying the required $60 million 2020 amortization payments by April 2020, which reduced our term loan outstanding and lowered monthly floating interest rates applicable to the term loan. The February 2020 amendment to our credit agreement modified the leverage-based grid that determines the applicable margin to be added to our borrowings, which applicable margin increases as credit agreement-defined leverage increases or decreases as credit agreement-defined leverage decreases. In addition, this amendment permits us to maintain revolving credit facility borrowings near term, if needed, while remaining compliant with our debt covenants as the step down of our leverage covenant from 5.50x to 5.00x was delayed until June 30, 2021. We were in compliance with the covenants in our credit agreement as of September 30, 2020. Based on our expected credit agreement-defined leverage as of the three months ended September 30, 2020, once the quarterly credit agreement compliance filing is made, the applicable margin on our credit agreement borrowings outstanding will remain unchanged at least until the next compliance filing is made for the three months ended December 31, 2020.

The duration of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to be unknown. Should the pandemic extend throughout the rest of 2020 and beyond, we may experience a negative impact on our liquidity position. Therefore, we continuously assess steps we can take to improve working capital and increase cash on our balance sheet, research government-backed loan programs that may be available to us or to our customers, and monitor the capital markets for additional opportunities to improve our liquidity position.

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Overview

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents, cash flows from the operations of our business, available borrowing capacity under our credit facility, and cash proceeds received from divestitures. Longer term, if we desire to access alternative sources of funding through the capital and credit markets, challenging global economic conditions, such as a long-lasting COVID-19 pandemic or economic downturn, could adversely impact our ability to do so. Our principal uses of cash include working capital-related items, capital expenditures, debt service, and strategic investments.

Working capital requirements, which can be substantial and susceptible to fluctuations during the year due to seasonal demands, generally result from sales growth, inventory purchase patterns driven by sales activity and buy-in opportunities, our desired level of inventory, and payment terms for receivables and payables.

Under normal historical operating conditions, we would expect to incur additional disbursements in connection with the following:

•expansion of global sales and marketing efforts

•increase of our pharmaceutical operations capacity

•international development

•equity investment and business acquisitions that we may fund from time to time

•term loan facility amortization payments (paid in full for 2020, but beginning again in March 2021)

•capital investments in current and future facilities

•pursuit and maintenance of appropriate regulatory clearances, approvals for existing products, and any new products that may be developed

Results from operations for the remainder of 2020 will likely influence whether we pursue some of the opportunities noted above. Regardless, we anticipate that we will continue to incur significant interest expense related to debt service on the credit facility.

We regularly monitor and assess our ability to meet funding requirements. We expect to meet our foreseeable liquidity requirements through cash and cash equivalents, cash flow from operations, access to available funds by borrowing against our credit facility, and net cash proceeds received from divestitures of non-core business operations. Our decisions to use available liquidity will be based upon the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and our continuing review of the funding needs for our business, optimizing the allocation of cash resources for investments, capital structure changes or business combinations, and the timing of cash flow generation.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

As of September 30, 2020, we had Cash and cash equivalents of $355 million. We consider all highly liquid short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Due to the short-term maturity of such investments, the carrying amounts are a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities:

	Nine Months Ended
(In millions)	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		$ Change
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	11	$	34	$	(23)
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	55		(56)		111
Net cash provided by financing activities	160		64		96
Total net cash flows	$	226	$	42	$	184

Cash inflows and outflows from changes in operating activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, net cash provided by operating activities decreased over the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to growth in working capital.

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Cash inflows and outflows from changes in investing activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, net cash provided by investing activities increased compared to net cash used for investing activities the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to $104 million in net proceeds from the divestiture of scil.

Cash inflows and outflows from changes in financing activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, net cash provided by financing activities increased over the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to $250 million in gross proceeds from the issuance of Series A Preferred Stock, partially offset by principal payments, debt issuance costs, preferred stock issuance costs, preferred stock dividends, and acquisition payments totaling $96 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we had net cash inflows from bank debt of $1.2 billion and our Former Parent of $165 million offset by a dividend payment to Former Parent, principal payments, debt issuance costs, and acquisition of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries totaling $1.3 billion.

Contractual Obligations

We did not have any material changes in our contractual obligations since the end of fiscal year 2019 outside of activities in the ordinary course of business.

We anticipate contractual obligations which are tied to acquisitions and investments made to grow our business will reduce our available liquidity by approximately $60 million through the rest of 2020 and the first half of 2021.

Off-balance Sheet Arrangements

In April 2020, we made a final payment of $9 million for a 2019 acquisition which increased the amount available to be borrowed under our revolving line of credit. As of September 30, 2020, we had $1 million outstanding in standby letters of credit that primarily support our obligations related to our insurance programs and $4 million in surety bonds outstanding in support of various U.S. state registrations for pharmaceutical operations and distributions.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Business Acquisitions, Acquired Goodwill, and Intangible Assets

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought great uncertainty and volatility to markets across the world, the effects of which have forced us to consider whether the pandemic was a triggering event for goodwill impairment purposes and, further, if goodwill was impaired as of March 31, 2020. Testing goodwill for impairment is required at least annually, however, any triggering event occurring between annual tests that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount requires goodwill to be tested.

During the first quarter ended March 31, 2020, we experienced a sustained decline in our share price and a resulting decrease in our market capitalization due to the overall macroeconomic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to this overall market decline and the uncertainty surrounding COVID-19, we concluded that a triggering event occurred and conducted an interim impairment test of goodwill as of March 31, 2020 by quantitatively comparing the fair value of our North America reporting unit (the only reporting unit currently bearing goodwill) to its carrying amount. Using the income-based approach, fair value exceeded the carrying amount as of March 31, 2020. The income-based approach resulted in a fair value that exceeded the carrying amount by $2 million and $156 million at discount rates of 9.0% and 8.5%, respectively.

We did not conduct an impairment test as of June 30, 2020 or September 30, 2020, as no triggering events occurred. We continued to experience strong demand for our prescription management and online pharmacy services during the third quarter 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has not had a material negative impact on our results of operations or financial condition, and our market capitalization at September 30, 2020 increased 240% over our market capitalization at March 31, 2020. Nevertheless, we consider our North America reporting unit's goodwill to be at risk and changes in our forecast of future operating or financial results, cash flows, share price, market capitalization, or discount rate used when conducting future goodwill impairment tests could affect the estimated fair value of our goodwill-bearing reporting unit and may result in a goodwill impairment charge in the future.

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Income Taxes

On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act, a substantial tax-and-spending package, was signed by the President of the United States to provide additional economic stimulus to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, there were no material tax impacts to our condensed consolidated financial statements as it relates to the CARES Act. The ultimate impact may differ from this estimate due to changes in interpretations and assumptions, guidance that may be issued, and actions we may take in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the CARES Act.

Other than the items noted above, there have been no other material changes in our critical accounting estimates from those disclosed in Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our 2019 Form 10-K. For a discussion of critical accounting policies and estimates as well as accounting policies adopted, see Note 1 - Business Overview and Significant Accounting Policies.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For information on recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 1 - Business Overview and Significant Accounting Policies.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We have exposure to market risks related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates as follows:

Foreign Currency Risk

The value of certain foreign currencies as compared to the U.S. dollar and the value of certain of our underlying functional currencies, including our foreign subsidiaries, may affect our financial results. Fluctuations in exchange rates, for which we currently conduct our operations in multiple currencies, may positively or negatively affect revenues, gross margins, and operating expenses, all of which are presented in U.S. dollars. We attempt to offset foreign currency assets and liabilities where and when possible, but have not, as of September 30, 2020, entered into hedging arrangements as the majority of our foreign exchange risk is translation-based, rather than transaction-based. In the future, we may evaluate and decide, to the extent reasonable and practical, to enter into foreign currency forward contracts with financial institutions to manage risk effectively and efficiently. If we were to engage in such hedging transactions, the market risk resulting from foreign currency fluctuations is unlikely to be entirely eliminated. We do not execute derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

In addition to the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic is having on global economies, the foreign currency markets, and the ability to potentially execute effective and efficient hedging strategies, we have continuing exposure to Brexit. The primary Brexit risk we face is supply chain-related, specifically for our replenishment of certain inventory stock sourced from U.K. vendors who may manufacture such goods in their subsidiaries outside the U.K. and thus need to import those goods into the U.K. As a result of uncertainty created by Brexit, towards the end of 2020 and after reducing stock levels in response to COVID-19, we plan to rebuild our previously held contingency stock levels by increasing our inventory of such vendor-imported goods by an additional 10% - 20% to satisfy potential customer demand, which action will expose us to incremental foreign exchange risk.

As of September 30, 2020, a hypothetical 5% fluctuation in foreign exchange rates where we conduct our business vis-à-vis the U.S. dollar would have resulted in a change of $3 million in operating income.

Interest Rate Risk

At September 30, 2020, we had variable-rate borrowings of $1.1 billion under the credit facility. We regularly review projected borrowings under the credit facility and the current interest rate environment. Increases in the underlying interest rate elections we make with credit facility borrowings will generally negatively affect interest expense, while decreases to the underlying interest rates will generally have a positive influence on our interest expense. COVID-19’s impact on the variable rates to which we are exposed has been a benefit to us so far, however, this could reverse should COVID-19 risks dissipate.

In 2019, we executed interest rate swap contracts with notional amounts aggregating $500 million that are designated as cash flow hedges. See Note 8 - Derivatives and Financial Instruments. Our earnings are affected by changes in interest rates, however, due to our interest rate swap contracts, the effects are mitigated to an extent.

If market interest rates increase 1% over the next 12 months, our net interest expense, after considering the effects of our interest rate swap contracts, would increase by $7 million.

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If market interest rates decrease 1% over the next 12 months (which would result in negative interest rates), the change to our net interest expense, after considering the effects of our interest rate swap contracts, would increase by $3 million.

Our credit facility contains a LIBOR floor of 0.00% while our interest rate swap contracts do not include floors. Our interest expense could, theoretically, increase should LIBOR fall into negative territory. The further LIBOR falls below the fixed rates set within our swap contracts, the more additional interest expense we pay for swap settlements. Conversely, we receive interest for swap settlements when LIBOR is greater than the swaps’ fixed rates. The higher LIBOR rises above the fixed rates, the less interest expense we effectively pay.

Among the many actions taken by the Federal Reserve System to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the decision by its Federal Open Market Committee to lower interest rates has generally benefited us in the form of lower interest expense. This benefit, though, is offset by higher interest rate swap settlement payments by us, the lower interest rates fall. Thus, the market risk resulting from interest rate fluctuations can be mitigated but will not be entirely eliminated through our interest rate swap contracts.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the specified time periods and accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act) at September 30, 2020. Based on this evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that as of that date, our disclosure controls and procedures required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 were not effective, at a reasonable assurance level, because of two material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting, which we view as an integral part of our disclosure controls and procedures.

As previously disclosed in our 2019 Form 10-K and in our Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020, management identified deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting related to (i) the operation of information technology general controls (“ITGCs”) in the areas of logical security and change management in certain financially relevant systems, and (ii) accounting for income taxes that stemmed from issues associated with the transition to establish expanded in-house tax capabilities and utilization of new tax consultants. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company's annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Management took the following actions to address the material weakness in ITGCs:

•Improved the operation and monitoring of control activities and procedures associated with logical security including user and administrator access to the affected IT systems, including both preventive and detective control activities

•Improved the operation of program change management control activities to track authorizations to changes and emergency change management procedures across the affected IT systems, including both preventive and detective controls activities

•Implemented additional training for resources in the functional areas that support and monitor our IT systems and information generated therefrom

Management believes that these efforts have effectively addressed the material weakness in ITGCs. However, this material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting will not be considered remediated until (i) the relevant controls are in operation for a sufficient period of time, and (ii) the relevant controls are tested and concluded by management to be designed and operating effectively. The material weakness in ITGCs did not result in any identified misstatements in our financial statements in the current period, and there were no changes in previously released financial results.

Management is taking the following actions to address the material weakness in income taxes:

•Increasing oversight by our management in the calculation and reporting of certain tax balances of our global operations

•Enhancing policies, procedures, and controls relating to significant judgments impacting our income tax accounts

•Augmenting our tax accounting resources

•Increasing communication to information providers for tax jurisdiction specific information

•Strengthening communication and information flows between the tax department and other groups within the organization

We cannot provide assurance that our internal controls over income taxes will be effective as a result of these remediation efforts. In addition, as we continue to evaluate and work to improve our internal controls over income taxes, management may determine to take additional measures to address control deficiencies or determine to modify the remediation efforts described above.

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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Other than as described above, there have been no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the most recent quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

See Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Limitations of the Effectiveness of Internal Control

A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the internal control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations of any internal control system, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues, if any, within a company have been detected.

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PART II

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Refer to Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies for information relating to legal proceedings.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this Report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in our Form 10-K. Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Form 10-K. If any of the events described below or in our Form 10-K actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected, and the trading price of our common stock could decline. Our business could also be affected by additional factors that are not presently known to us or that we currently consider not material. The reader should not consider these factors to be a complete statement of all risks and uncertainties.

We face risks related to health epidemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and could also have an effect on our ability to maintain effective internal controls.

Our business has been and could continue to be adversely affected by a widespread outbreak of contagious disease, including the recent pandemic of respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus known as COVID-19. Global health concerns relating to the COVID-19 pandemic have been weighing on the macroeconomic environment, and the pandemic has significantly increased economic volatility and uncertainty.

The pandemic has resulted in government authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place or stay-at-home orders, and business shutdowns. These measures may adversely impact our employees and operations and the operations of our customers, suppliers and business partners, and may negatively impact spending patterns, payment cycles, insurance coverage levels, and demand for our products and services. Such measures may remain in place for a significant period of time and may adversely affect our results of operations. Despite an increase in net sales in the first quarter of 2020 relative to the prior year period, net sales weakened from mid-March to late-April and then recovered; however, it is possible that we may experience further declines in the future.

The spread of COVID-19 has caused us to modify our business practices, particularly with respect to our liquidity position and near-term cost structure (including through incremental borrowings on our revolving credit facility to increase cash, which have subsequently been repaid, reduction of non-critical capital expenditures, executive, board, and other senior-level employee compensation reductions that have been reversed subsequent to June 30, 2020, employee furloughs, certain shift eliminations, and a hiring freeze that have been reversed or eased, discretionary spending deferrals, the deferral of payroll taxes under the CARES Act and the temporary suspension of our 401(k)-employer match, which has been reinstated). We have also decreased our inventory levels to ensure we hold appropriate stock for market conditions, engaged in negotiations to extend payment terms on certain contracts, and we may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, and business partners. There is no certainty that such actions will be sufficient to mitigate the risks posed by the virus or otherwise be satisfactory to government authorities. If significant portions of our workforce are unable to work effectively, including due to illness, quarantines, social distancing, government actions, or other restrictions in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, our operations will be impacted, and our stock price could decline.

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business, results of operations, financial condition, and potentially our control procedures is highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, and will depend on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the pandemic, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly, and to what extent, normal economic and operating activities can resume. In the first quarter of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic led to increased volatility in our stock price and a sustained decline in our market capitalization which required us to perform an interim impairment review, which could reoccur. In addition, due to current internal policies, many of our employees continue to work remotely, which could have an effect on our internal control over financial reporting. The COVID-19 pandemic could also limit the ability of our customers, suppliers, and business partners to perform, including our customers' ability to make timely payments to us during and following the pandemic. We may also experience a suspension of services from third parties. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may experience an adverse impact to our business as a result of its global economic impact, including any recession that has occurred or that may occur in the future.

Specifically, difficult macroeconomic conditions, such as decreases in per capita income and level of disposable income, increased and prolonged unemployment, or a decline in consumer confidence as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic could have a

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material adverse effect on the demand for our products and services. Under difficult economic conditions, consumers may seek to reduce discretionary spending by forgoing our services or choosing not to purchase our products. Decreased demand for our products and services could negatively affect our overall financial performance.

There are no comparable recent events that provide guidance as to the effect of the spread of COVID-19 and, as a result, the ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or a similar health epidemic is highly uncertain and subject to change. We do not yet know the full extent of COVID-19’s impact on our business, our operations, control procedures, or the global economy as a whole. However, the effects could have a material impact on our results of operations and could cause continued volatility in our stock price, and we will continue to monitor the situation closely.

Tax legislation could materially adversely affect our financial results.

We are subject to the tax laws and regulations of the United States federal, state, and local governments, as well as foreign jurisdictions. From time to time, various legislative initiatives may be proposed that could materially adversely affect our tax positions. There can be no assurance that our effective tax rate will not be materially adversely affected by legislation resulting from these initiatives.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”) was enacted in the United States, which among other things, reduced the corporate tax rate from a top marginal rate of 35% to a flat rate of 21% and limited the ability to deduct net interest expense to 30% of adjusted earnings, in addition to making other significant changes to corporate and international tax provisions. Additionally, on March 27, 2020, the CARES Act, which changes certain aspects of the Tax Act, including provisions relating to the use of net operating losses and the deductibility of business interest expense, was signed into law. Notwithstanding the reduction in the corporate income tax rate, which may increase in the future, the overall impact of the Tax Act, as modified by the CARES Act, is uncertain and our business and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. In addition, it is uncertain how various states will respond to the newly enacted federal tax laws.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Securities and Use of Proceeds

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer

The following table sets forth information about our purchases of our outstanding common stock during the quarter ended September 30, 2020:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (a)	Average Price Paid Per Share (a)		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under Plans or Programs
July 2020	7,817	$	20.55	—	$	—
August 2020	2,497	22.91		—	—
September 2020	11,510	21.13		—	—
	21,824	$	21.13	—	$	—
(a) Shares of common stock we purchased were solely for the cancellation of shares of stock withheld for related tax obligations that occurs upon vesting of restricted shares.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number	Exhibit Description	Form	Date	No.
10.1†*	Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, effective as of November 9, 2020, by and between the Company and Dustin Finer.
31.1*	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer, as required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
31.2*	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer, as required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
32.1**	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer, as required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
32.2**	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer, as required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
101.INS*	Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104*	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101).

* Filed herewith

** Furnished herewith

†     Indicates management contract or compensatory plan

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Covetrus, Inc.
Date:	November 10, 2020	By:	/s/ Benjamin Wolin
		Name:	Benjamin Wolin
		Title:	Chief Executive Officer, President and Director (Principal Executive Officer)
Date:	November 10, 2020	By:	/s/ Matthew Foulston
		Name:	Matthew Foulston
		Title:	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

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EX-10.1

Exhibit 10.1

AMENDED AND RESTATED

EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

THIS AMENDED AND RESTATED EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is entered into on November 9, 2020 by and between Covetrus, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) and Dustin Finer (the “Executive” and collectively with the Company, the “Parties”), and shall be effective as of November 1, 2019 (the “Effective Date”). All references herein to the Company shall include the Company’s subsidiaries, where applicable.

WHEREAS, on August 30, 2019 the Executive and the Company entered into that certain Employment Agreement setting the terms of the Executive’s employment by the Company (the “Prior Agreement”); and

WHEREAS, on August 30, 2019 the Executive agreed to certain confidentiality, non-competition and non- solicitation covenants pursuant to the Restrictive Covenant Agreements (as defined herein); and

WHEREAS, the Executive and the Company desire to enter into this Agreement to amend, restate and supersede the Prior Agreement in its entirety.

    NOW, THEREFORE,, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged and agreed, including the Executive’s promotion effective November 1, 2019, the adjusted compensation, and further mutual promises and covenants contained herein, the Company and the Executive, intending to be legally bound, hereby agree as follows:

1.    Employment.

(a)    Term. This Agreement shall commence on the Effective Date and shall continue until August 30, 2022, unless sooner terminated pursuant to the terms of this Agreement (the “Term”). The Term shall be automatically extended and renewed for a period of one (1) year from the end of the Term (the “Renewal Date”) unless either the Company or the Executive gives written notice of non-renewal to the other Party at least sixty (60) days prior to the end of the Term, in which event this Agreement shall terminate at the end of the Term. Subject to the termination provisions contained herein, if this Agreement is renewed on the Renewal Date for an additional one (1) year period, it will automatically be renewed on the anniversary of the Renewal Date and each subsequent year thereafter (the “Annual Renewal Date”) for a period of one (1) year, unless either Party gives written notice of non-renewal to the other at least sixty (60) days prior to any Annual Renewal Date, in which case the Agreement will terminate on the Annual Renewal Date immediately following such notice.

(b)    Duties. During the Term, the Executive shall be employed by the Company as its Chief Administrative Officer and shall serve the Company faithfully and to the best of the Executive’s ability. The Executive shall devote the Executive’s full business time, attention, skill and efforts to the performance of the duties required by or appropriate for the Executive’s position with the Company. The Executive shall report to the Chief Executive Officer and shall perform such duties commensurate with the Executive’s office as contained in the bylaws of the Company or as the Executive shall reasonably be directed by the Chief Executive Officer. The Executive shall perform such services at the Company’s executive offices in Boulder, Colorado commencing August 1, 2020 (the “Colorado Relocation Date”), working remotely prior to such date, and the Executive shall engage in such reasonable business travel as may be required to perform the Executive’s duties.

(c)    Best Efforts. Except for vacation, absences due to temporary illness and absences resulting from Disability (as hereinafter defined), the Executive shall devote the Executive’s business time, attention and energies on a full-time basis to the performance of the duties and responsibilities referred to in subsection (b) above. The Executive shall not during the Term be engaged in any other business activity which, in the reasonable judgment of the Company, would conflict with the ability of the Executive to perform the Executive’s duties under this Agreement, whether or not such activity is pursued for gain, profit or other pecuniary advantage. Nothing in this Section shall prevent Executive from engaging in additional activities in connection with personal investments and community affairs, including serving on corporate, civic, or charitable boards, subject to the approval by the Company, that are not materially inconsistent with Executive’s duties under this Agreement.

2.    Base Salary. During the Term, the Company shall pay to the Executive a base salary of $480,000 annually, which shall be subject to review and, at the option of the Compensation Committee of Directors of the Company, subject to increase (such salary, as the same may be increased from time to time as aforesaid, being referred to herein as the “Base Salary”). The Base Salary shall be reviewed on an annual basis for increases in accordance with the review process for similarly situated executives of the Company. The Base Salary shall be payable in accordance with the Company’s normal payroll practices. For purposes of peer group benchmarking, the Executive’s compensation hereunder shall be benchmarked against Senior Vice President, Chief People Officer/Chief Human Resource Officers.

3.    Incentive Compensation

(a)    Annual Incentive Compensation. The Executive shall be entitled to participate in an annual bonus program established by the Company with a target annual bonus amount, which for the 2020 fiscal year of the Company shall be equal to seventy-five percent (75%) of the Executive’s Base Salary, and for each subsequent fiscal year of the Term shall be determined by the Compensation Committee of the board of directors of the Company (the “Compensation Committee”), subject in all respects to achievement of performance goals to be established by the Company (the “Annual Bonus”). Any bonus earned by the Executive shall be paid after the end of the fiscal year to which it relates, at the same time and under the same terms and conditions as other executives of the Company; provided that the Executive remains

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employed by the Company on the date the bonus is paid (other than due to non-renewal or termination by the Company without Cause or by the Executive for Good Reason) and in no event shall the Executive’s bonus be paid later than March 15 of the fiscal year following the fiscal year for which it was earned.

(b)    Long-Term Incentive Compensation. The Executive shall be eligible to participate in all equity compensation and other long-term incentive plans and programs in place at the Company and shall receive such grants as may be provided from time to time by the Company to its officers. Any equity awards made by the Company to the Executive shall be subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Company’s equity compensation plan and form of grant agreement, as may be amended from time to time. The Executive’s annual long-term incentive target shall be one-million dollars ($1,000,000).

4.    Benefits. During the Term, the Executive shall be eligible to participate in all retirement and welfare benefit plans and programs made available to the Company’s executives as a group, as such retirement and welfare plans may be in effect from time to time and subject to the eligibility requirements of such plans. Nothing in this Agreement or otherwise shall prevent the Company from amending or terminating any incentive, equity compensation, retirement, welfare or other employee benefit plans, programs, policies or perquisites from time to time as the Company deems appropriate.

(i)    Vacation. During the Term, in addition to all holidays observed by the Company (currently six (6) days), the Executive shall be entitled to take paid time off, in accordance with the Company’s flexible time-off policy, as well as any successor policy regarding pay-for-time- not-worked made available to the Company’s domestic US employees generally.

5.    Reimbursement of Expenses; Relocation.

(a)    During the Term, the Company shall reimburse the Executive, in accordance with the policies and practices for similarly situated executives of the Company in effect from time to time, for all reasonable and necessary traveling expenses and other disbursements incurred by the Executive’s for or on behalf of the Company in connection with the performance of the Executive’s duties hereunder upon presentation by the Executive to the Company of appropriate documentation therefore.

(b)    The Company will reimburse the Executive for certain relocation expenses in connection with the Executive’s relocation to Colorado, to be administered through the Company’s relocation provider SIRVA. The Company will reimburse expenses relating to the relocation of his household to Colorado, up to a maximum of $222,141.72 inclusive of gross-up (the “Relocation Reimbursement”). In addition, the Company will provide the Executive a temporary monthly relocation expense stipend of $7,500 (the “Monthly Relocation Stipend”) for a period of nine (9) months following the Colorado Relocation Date to assist the Executive with housing, travel and other relocation expenses for temporary living expenses, in an aggregate total amount not to exceed $98,000. If the Executive’s employment with Company is terminated by the Company for Cause or by the Executive without Good Reason on or prior to the first

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anniversary of the Colorado Relocation Date, the Executive will be required to reimburse or repay to the Company all Relocation Reimbursement payments paid on the Executive’s behalf or reimbursed by the Company under the SIRVA relocation assistance program. In addition, if the Executive’s employment with Company is terminated by the Company for Cause on or prior to the first anniversary of the Colorado Relocation Date, the Executive will be required to repay to the Company the amount of all Monthly Relocation Stipend payments made to the Executive.

6.    Termination Without Cause; Resignation for Good Reason. If the Executive’s employment is terminated by the Company without Cause (as defined below) or by the Executive for Good Reason (as defined below), the provisions of this Section 7 shall apply.

(a)    The Company may terminate the Executive’s employment with the Company at any time without Cause upon not less than thirty (30) days’ prior written notice to the Executive and the Executive may resign for Good Reason (as defined below).

(b)    Unless the Executive complies with the provisions of Section 7(c) below, upon termination under Section 7(a) above, no other payments or benefits shall be due under this Agreement to the Executive, but the Executive shall be entitled to any amounts earned, accrued and owing, but not yet paid under Section 2 and any benefits accrued and due in accordance with the terms of any applicable benefit plans and programs of the Company (the “Accrued Obligations”).

(c)    Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 7(b), upon termination under Section 7(a) above, if the Executive executes and does not revoke a written release of any and all claims against the Company or its affiliates, with respect to all matters arising out of the Executive’s employment with the Company, in such form as provided by the Company in its sole discretion (the “Release”), and so long as the Executive continues to comply with the provisions of Section 14 below and the Invention and Non-Disclosure Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit A and the Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit B (Exhibit A and Exhibit B together referred to as the “Restrictive Covenant Agreements”), in addition to the Accrued Obligations, the Executive shall be entitled to receive the following:

(i)    Continuation of the Executive’s Base Salary for twelve (12) months (the “Severance Term”), at the rate in effect for the year in which the Executive’s date of termination occurs, which amount shall be paid in regular payroll installments over the applicable period following the Executive’s termination date; and

(ii)    A prorated Annual Bonus for the year in which the Executive’s termination of employment occurs, which shall be determined by multiplying the Executive’s Target Incentive Bonus by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days during which the Executive was employed by the Company in the year in which the termination date occurs and the denominator of which is 365. The prorated Annual Bonus, if any, shall be paid at the same time as bonuses are paid to other employees of the Company, but not later than March 15 of the fiscal year following the fiscal year for which it was earned.

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(iii)    If the Executive timely and properly elects health continuation coverage under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 ("COBRA"), then continued health (including hospitalization, medical, dental, vision etc.) insurance coverage substantially similar in all material respects as the coverage provided to the Company’s then other active senior executives for the Severance Term at the Company’s full expense; provided that the period of COBRA health care continuation coverage provided under section 4980B of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended and the regulations and guidance promulgated thereunder (the “Code”) shall run concurrently with the period; provided further that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the amount of any benefits provided by this subsection (c)(iii) shall be reduced or eliminated to the extent the Executive becomes entitled to duplicative benefits by virtue of the Executive’s subsequent or other employment; and provided further that, notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company’s making payments under this Section 7(c)(iii) would violate any nondiscrimination rules applicable to the Company’s group health plan under which such coverage is made available, or result in the imposition of penalties under the Code or the Affordable Care Act, or be impermissible under applicable law, the Parties agree to reform this Section 7(c)(iii) in a manner as is necessary to comply with such requirements and avoid such penalties.

7.    Voluntary Termination. The Executive may voluntarily terminate the Executive’s employment for any reason upon thirty (30) days’ prior written notice. In such event, after the effective date of such termination, no payments shall be due under this Agreement, except that the Executive shall be entitled to the Accrued Obligations.

8.    Death; Disability. If the Executive’s employment is terminated by the Company by reason of death or, subject to the requirements of applicable law, Disability (as defined below), upon the Executive’s date of termination or death, no payments shall be due under this Agreement, except that the Executive (or in the event of the Executive’s death, the Executive’s executor, legal representative, administrator or designated beneficiary, as applicable), shall be entitled to the Accrued Obligations.

9.    Cause. The Company may terminate the Executive’s employment at any time for Cause upon written notice to the Executive, in which event all payments under this Agreement shall cease, except for the Accrued Obligations.

10.    Change of Control.

(a)    Termination without Cause or Resignation for Good Reason in connection with a Change of Control. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, if there is both a Change of Control and the Executive’s employment is terminated by the Company without Cause or by the Executive for Good Reason during the period commencing on the date that is two months prior to (or the earlier date of execution of a definitive agreement with respect to such Change of Control) and ending twelve (12) months following such Change of Control (a “CIC Termination”), then, in addition to the Accrued Obligations, the Executive shall be entitled to receive the following:

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(i)    Severance benefits in an amount equal to one hundred percent (100%) of the sum of (A) the Executive’s Base Salary plus (B) the Executive’s Target Incentive Bonus in effect immediately prior to the Executive’ termination date, which amount shall be paid in a single lump sum upon the Executive’s execution and non-revocation of the Release;

(ii)    COBRA continuation benefits as set forth in Section 7(c)(ii); and

(iii)    All outstanding equity grants held by the Executive immediately prior to the CIC Termination which vest based upon the Executive’s continued service over time shall accelerate, become fully vested and/or exercisable, as the case may be, as of the date of the later of (A) the date of the CIC Termination and (B) the consummation of a Change of Control (the later of (A) or (B) the “CIC Vesting Event”). All outstanding equity grants held by the Executive immediately prior to the CIC Termination which vest based upon attainment of performance criteria shall accelerate, become vested and/or exercisable, as the case may be, as of the date of the CIC Vesting Event at the greater of (x) the target level of performance and (y) the actual level of performance through the CIC Vesting Event.

    The foregoing severance benefits shall be subject to the Executive’s execution and non-revocation of the Release and the Executive’s continued compliance with the provisions of Section 14 below, and the Restrictive Covenant Agreements, as applicable.

(b)    Application of Section 280G. If any of the payments or benefits received or to be received by the Executive (including, without limitation, any payment or benefits received in connection with a Change of Control or the Executive’s termination of employment, whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or any other plan, arrangement or agreement, or otherwise) (all such payments collectively referred to herein as the “280G Payment”) constitute “parachute payments” within the meaning of Code Section 280G and will be subject to the excise tax imposed under Code Section 4999 (the “Excise Tax”), then the 280G Payment shall be equal to the Reduced Amount. The “Reduced Amount” shall be either (i) the largest portion of the 280G Payment that would result in no portion of the 280G Payment being subject to the Excise Tax, or (ii) the largest portion of the 280G Payment, up to and including the total 280G Payment, whichever amount, after taking into account all applicable federal, state and local employment taxes, income taxes and the Excise Tax (all computed at the highest applicable marginal rate), results in the Executive’s receipt, on an after-tax basis, of the greater amount of the 280G Payment, notwithstanding that all or some portion of the 280G Payment may be subject to the Excise Tax. In making the determination described above, the Company, in its sole and absolute discretion, shall make a reasonable determination of the value to be assigned to any restrictive covenants in effect for the Executive, and the amount of the 280G Payment shall be reduced by the value of those restrictive covenants to the extent consistent with Code Section 280G. If a reduction in payments or benefits constituting “parachute payments” is necessary so that the 280G Payment equals the Reduced Amount, the amounts payable or benefits to be provided to the Executive shall be reduced such that the economic loss to the Executive as a result of the “parachute payment” elimination is minimized. In applying this principle, the reduction shall be made in a manner consistent with the requirements of Code Section 409A and where two economically equivalent amounts are subject to reduction but payable at different times, such

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amounts shall be reduced on a pro rata basis but not below zero. All determinations to be made under this Section 11 shall be made by an independent accounting firm, consulting firm or other independent service provider selected by the Company immediately prior to the Change of Control (the “Firm”), which shall provide its determinations and any supporting calculations both to the Company and the Executive within ten (10) days of the Change of Control. Any such determination by the Firm shall be binding upon the Company and the Executive. All of the fees and expenses of the Firm in performing the determinations referred to in this Section 11 shall be borne solely by the Company.

11.    Definitions.

(a)    Cause. For purposes of this Agreement, “Cause” shall mean any of the following grounds for termination of the Executive’s employment listed: (i) the Executive’s knowing and material dishonesty or fraud committed in connection with the Executive’s employment; (ii) theft, misappropriation or embezzlement by the Executive of the Company’s funds and/or property; (iii) the Executive repeatedly negligently performing or repeatedly negligently failing to perform, or willfully refusing to perform, the Executive’s duties to the Company (other than a failure resulting from Executive’s incapacity due to physical or mental illness); (iv) the Executive’s conviction of or a plea of guilty or nolo contendere to any felony, a crime involving fraud or misrepresentation, or any other crime (whether or not connected with his employment) the effect of which is likely to adversely affect the Company or its affiliates; (v) a material breach by the Executive of any of the provisions or covenants set forth in this Agreement; or (vi) a material breach by the Executive of the Company’s Code of Conduct. Prior to any termination for Cause pursuant to each such event listed in (i), (iii), (v) or (vi) above, to the extent such event(s) is capable of being cured by the Executive, the Company shall give the Executive written notice thereof describing in reasonable detail the circumstances constituting Cause and the Executive shall have the opportunity to remedy same within thirty (30) days after receiving written notice.

(b)    Change of Control. For purposes of this Agreement, a “Change of Control” shall have the same meaning ascribed to such term under the Company’s 2018 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan, as in effect on the date hereof and as may be amended from time to time, or such successor plan.

(c)    Disability. For purposes of this Agreement, “Disability” shall mean the Executive has been unable to perform the essential functions of the Executive’s position with the Company by reason of physical or mental incapacity for a period of six consecutive months, subject to any obligations or limitations imposed by federal, state or local laws, including any duty to accommodate Executive under the federal Americans with Disabilities Act.

(d)    Good Reason. For purposes of this Agreement, “Good Reason” shall mean the occurrence of one or more of the following, without the Executive’s consent: (i) material diminution of the Executive’s authority, duties or responsibilities; (ii) a material change in the geographic location at which Executive must perform the Executive’s services under this

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Agreement, which change occurs more than nine (9) months after the Colorado Relocation Date (which, for purposes of this Agreement, means relocation of the offices of the Company at which the Executive is principally employed to a location more than fifty (50) miles from the location of such offices immediately prior to the relocation); (iii) a material diminution in the Executive’s Base Salary; (iv) non-renewal of this Agreement; or (v) any action or inaction that constitutes a material breach by the Company of a material provision of this Agreement or any other written agreement between the Executive and the Company. The Executive must provide written notice of termination for Good Reason to the Company within thirty (30) days after the event constituting Good Reason first occurs, which notice shall state such Good Reason in reasonable detail. The Company shall have a period of thirty (30) days in which it may correct the act or failure to act that constitutes the grounds for Good Reason as set forth in the Executive’s notice of termination. If the Company does not correct the act or failure to act, the Executive must terminate the Executive’s employment for Good Reason within sixty (60) days after the end of the cure period, in order for the termination to be considered a Good Reason termination.

(e)    Target Incentive Bonus. For purposes of this Agreement, “Target Incentive Bonus” shall mean the Executive’s target annual incentive bonus amount (measured at the target level, identified “goal” target or other similar target, without taking into account any incentive override for above goal performance, or any project-specific or other non-standard incentives) as in effect under the Company’s applicable annual incentive plan for the year of termination. In the event that the Company has notified the Executive in writing that the Executive will be eligible for a Target Incentive Bonus for the year of termination, but a plan has not yet been put into effect, the Target Incentive Bonus shall be the prior year’s target annual incentive bonus amount.

12.    Representations, Warranties and Covenants of the Executive.

(a)    Restrictions. The Executive represents and warrants to the Company that:

(i)    There are no restrictions, agreements or understandings whatsoever to which the Executive is a party which would prevent or make unlawful the Executive’s execution of this Agreement or the Executive’s employment hereunder, which is or would be inconsistent or in conflict with this Agreement or the Executive’s employment hereunder, or would prevent, limit or impair in any way the performance by the Executive of the obligations hereunder; and

(ii)    The Executive has disclosed to the Company all restraints, confidentiality commitments, and other employment restrictions that the Executive has with any other employer, person or entity.

(b)    Obligations to Former Employers. The Executive covenants that in connection with the Executive’s provision of services to the Company, the Executive shall not breach any obligation (legal, statutory, contractual, or otherwise) to any former employer or other person, including, but not limited to, obligations relating to confidentiality and proprietary rights.

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(c)    Obligations Upon Termination. Upon and after the Executive’s termination or cessation of employment with the Company and until such time as no obligations of the Executive to the Company hereunder exist, the Executive shall (i) provide a complete copy of the Restrictive Covenant Agreements, attached hereto as Exhibits A and B, to any person, entity or association which the Executive proposes to be employed, affiliated, engaged, associated or to establish any business or remunerative relationship prior to the commencement of any such relationship and (ii) shall notify the Company of the name and address of any such person, entity or association prior to the commencement of such relationship.

13.    Restrictive Covenant Agreements. The Executive agrees to be bound by the Invention and Non-Disclosure Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit A and the Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit B, each of which are incorporated by reference herein. The provisions of the Restrictive Covenant Agreements shall survive the term of this Agreement pursuant to the terms set forth in the Invention and Non-Disclosure Agreement and/or Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation Agreement, as applicable.

14.    Miscellaneous Provisions.

(a)    Entire Agreement; Amendments.

(i)    This Agreement and the other agreements referred to herein contain the entire agreement between the Parties hereto and supersede any and all prior agreements and understandings concerning the Executive’s employment by the Company.

(ii)    This Agreement shall not be altered or otherwise amended, except pursuant to an instrument in writing signed by each of the Parties hereto

(b)    Descriptive Headings. Descriptive headings are for convenience only and shall not control or affect the meaning or construction of any provisions of this Agreement. When the context admits or requires, words used in the masculine gender shall be construed to include the feminine, the plural shall include the singular, and the singular shall include the plural.

(c)    Notices. All notices or other communications pursuant to this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to be sufficient if delivered personally, telecopied, sent by nationally-recognized, overnight courier or mailed by registered or certified mail (return receipt requested), postage prepaid, to the Parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a party as shall be specified by like notice):

(i)    if to the Company, to:

    7 Custom House Street, Suite 2

    Portland, ME 04101

    Attention: General Counsel

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(ii)    if to the Executive, to the address in the Company’s personnel records.

with a copy to:

            Venable LLP

            101 California Street; Suite 3800

            San Francisco, CA 94111

            Attention: Scott D. Thompson

Facsimile No.: (415) 653-3755

All such notices and other communications shall be deemed to have been delivered and received (A) in the case of personal delivery, on the date of such delivery, (B) in the case of delivery by telecopy, on the date of such delivery, (C) in the case of delivery by nationally-recognized, overnight courier, on the Business Day following dispatch, and (D) in the case of mailing, on the third Business Day following such mailing. As used herein, “Business Day” shall mean any day that is not a Saturday, Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the state of Maine are not required to be open.

(d)    Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, and each such counterpart shall be deemed to be an original instrument, but all such counterparts together shall constitute but one agreement. This Agreement may be executed and delivered by facsimile.

(e)    Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the state of Delaware applicable to contracts made and performed wholly therein without regard to rules governing conflicts of law.

(f)    Non-Exclusivity of Rights; Resignation from Boards; Clawback.

(i)    Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent or limit the Executive’s continuing or future participation in or rights under any benefit, bonus, incentive or other plan or program provided by the Company and for which the Executive may qualify; provided, however, that if the Executive becomes entitled to and receives the severance payments described in Sections 7 or 11 of this Agreement, the Executive hereby waives the Executive’s right to receive payments under any severance plan or similar program applicable to employees of the Company.

(ii)    If the Executive’s employment with the Company terminates for any reason, the Executive shall immediately resign from all boards of directors of the Company, any affiliates of the Company and any other entities for which the Executive serves as a representative of the Company and any committees thereof.

(iii)    The Executive agrees that the Executive will be subject to any compensation clawback, recoupment and anti-hedging policies that may be applicable to the Executive as an executive of the Company, as in effect from time to time and as approved by the board of directors of the Company or a duly authorized committee thereof.

10

(g)    Benefits of Agreement; Assignment. All of the terms and provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the respective heirs, executors, administrators, legal representatives, successors and assigns of the Parties hereto, except that the duties and responsibilities of the Executive under this Agreement are of a personal nature and shall not be assignable or delegable in whole or in part by the Executive. The Company shall require any successor (whether direct or indirect, by purchase, merger, consolidation, reorganization or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the business or assets of the Company, within fifteen (15) days of such succession, expressly to assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent as the Company would be required to perform if no such succession had taken place and the Executive acknowledges that in such event the obligations of the Executive hereunder, including but not limited to those under Sections 13 or 14, will continue to apply in favor of the successor.

(h)    Waiver of Breach. No delay or omission by a party in exercising any right, remedy or power under this Agreement or existing at law or in equity shall be construed as a waiver thereof, and any such right, remedy or power may be exercised by such party from time to time and as often as may be deemed expedient or necessary by such party in its sole discretion.

(i)    Severability. In the event that any provision of this Agreement is determined to be partially or wholly invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, then such provision shall, as to such jurisdiction, be modified or restricted to the extent necessary to make such provision valid, binding and enforceable, or if such provision cannot be modified or restricted, then such provision shall, as to such jurisdiction, be deemed to be excised from this Agreement; provided, however, that the binding effect and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Agreement, to the extent the economic benefits conferred upon the Parties by virtue of this Agreement remain substantially unimpaired, shall not be affected or impaired in any manner, and any such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability with respect to such provisions shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

(j)    Remedies. All remedies hereunder are cumulative, are in addition to any other remedies provided for by law and may, to the extent permitted by law, be exercised concurrently or separately, and the exercise of any one remedy shall not be deemed to be an election of such remedy or to preclude the exercise of any other remedy. The Executive acknowledges that in the event of a breach of any of the Executive’s covenants contained in Sections 13 or 14, the Company shall be entitled to immediate relief enjoining such violations in any court or before any judicial body having jurisdiction over such a claim.

(k)    Survival. The respective rights and obligations of the Parties hereunder shall survive the termination of this Agreement to the extent necessary to the intended preservation of such rights and obligations.

(l)    Jurisdiction. Each of the Parties hereto hereby irrevocably and unconditionally submits, for itself and its property, to the exclusive jurisdiction of any Maine state court or federal court of the United States of America sitting in the state of Maine, and any appellate court from any thereof, in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or any related agreement or for recognition or enforcement of any judgment. Each of

11

the Parties hereto hereby irrevocably and unconditionally agrees that jurisdiction and venue in such courts would be proper, and hereby waive any objection that such courts are an improper or inconvenient forum. Each of the Parties hereto agrees that a final judgment in any such action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law. Each of the Parties hereto irrevocably and unconditionally waives, to the fullest extent it may legally and effectively do so, any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or any related agreement in any Maine state or federal court. Each of the Parties hereto irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the defense of an inconvenient forum to the maintenance of such action or proceeding in any such court.

(m)    Withholding. All payments under this Agreement shall be made subject to applicable tax withholding, and the Company shall withhold from any payments under this Agreement all federal, state and local taxes as the Company is required to withhold pursuant to any law or governmental rule or regulation. The Executive shall bear all expense of, and be solely responsible for, all federal, state and local taxes, other than employer withholding and employer payroll taxes, due with respect to any payment received under this Agreement.

(n)    Compliance with Section 409A of the Code.

(i)    This Agreement is intended to comply with Section 409A of the Code and its corresponding regulations, to the extent applicable. Severance benefits under the Agreement are intended to be exempt from Section 409A of the Code under the “short term deferral” exemption, to the maximum extent applicable, and then under the “separation pay” exemption, to the maximum extent applicable. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, payments may only be made under this Agreement upon an event and in a manner permitted by Section 409A of the Code, to the extent applicable. As used in the Agreement, the term “termination of employment” shall mean the Executive’s separation from service with the Company within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder. In no event may the Executive, directly or indirectly, designate the calendar year of a payment. For purposes of Section 409A of the Code, each payment hereunder shall be treated as a separate payment and the right to a series of payments shall be treated as the right to a series of separate payments. All reimbursements and in-kind benefits provided under the Agreement shall be made or provided in accordance with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, in no event shall the timing of the Executive’s execution of the Release, directly or indirectly, result in the Executive designating the calendar year of payment, and if a payment that is subject to execution of the Release could be made in more than one taxable year, payment shall be made in the later taxable year.

(ii)    Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if, at the time of the Executive’s termination of employment with the Company, the Company has securities which are publicly traded on an established securities market and the Executive is a “specified employee” (as such term is defined in section 409A of the Code) and it is necessary to postpone the commencement of any payments or benefits otherwise payable under this Agreement as a

12

result of such termination of employment to prevent any accelerated or additional tax under section 409A of the Code, then the Company will postpone the commencement of the payment of any such payments or benefits hereunder (without any reduction in such payments or benefits ultimately paid or provided to the Executive) that are not otherwise paid within the ‘short-term deferral exception’ under Treas. Reg. §1.409A-1(b)(4), and the ‘separation pay exception’ under Treas. Reg. §1.409A-1(b)(9)(iii), until the first payroll date that occurs after the date that is six months following the Executive’s “separation of service” (as such term is defined under code section 409A of the Code) with the Company. If any payments are postponed due to such requirements, such postponed amounts will be paid in a lump sum to the Executive on the first payroll date that occurs after the date that is six months following Executive’s separation of service with the Company. If the Executive dies during the postponement period prior to the payment of postponed amount, the amounts withheld on account of section 409A of the Code shall be paid to the personal representative of the Executive’s estate within sixty (60) days after the date of the Executive’s death.

(o)    Full Settlement. In no event shall the Executive be obligated to seek other employment or take any other action by way of mitigation of the amounts payable to the Executive under any of the provisions of this Agreement and such amounts shall not be reduced as a result of a mitigation duty whether or not the Executive obtains other employment.

(p)    Indemnification. The Company hereby agrees, to the maximum extent permitted by law, to indemnify and hold the Executive harmless against any costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, settlements and other amounts incurred in connection with any proceeding arising out of, by reason of or relating to the Executive’s good faith performance of the Executive’s duties and obligations with the Company. The Company shall also provide the Executive with coverage as a named insured under a directors and officers liability insurance policy maintained for the Company’s directors and officers. This obligation to provide insurance and indemnify the Executive shall survive expiration or termination of this Agreement with respect to proceedings or threatened proceedings based on acts or omissions of the Executive occurring during the Executive’s employment with the Company or with any of its affiliates. Such obligations shall be binding upon the Company’s successors and assigns and shall inure to the benefit of the Executive’s heirs and personal representatives.

(q)    Government Agency Exception. Nothing in this Agreement is intended to prohibit or restrict the Executive from: (i) making any disclosure of information required by process of law; (ii) providing information to, or testifying or otherwise assisting in any investigation or proceeding brought by, any federal or state regulatory or law enforcement agency or legislative body, or any self-regulatory organization; or (iii) filing, testifying, participating in, or otherwise assisting in a proceeding relating to an alleged violation of any federal, state, or municipal law relating to fraud or any rule or regulation of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any self-regulatory organization. In addition, this Agreement does not bar the Executive’s right to file an administrative charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”) and/or to participate in an investigation by the EEOC.

[Signature Page Follows]

13

    IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date and year first above written.

COVETRUS, INC.

By:/s/ Ben Wolin    

Name: Benjamin Wolin

Title: CEO

EXECUTIVE

By:_/s/ Dustin Finer

Dustin Finer                        

[Signature Page to Employment Agreement]

EXHIBIT A

Invention and Non-Disclosure Agreement

15

EXHIBIT B

Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation Agreement

16

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Benjamin Wolin, certify that:

1.  I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Covetrus, Inc.;

2.  Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.  Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.  The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

(a)  Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)  Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(c)  Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.  The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)  All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

(b)  Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	November 10, 2020	By:	/s/ Benjamin Wolin
		Name:	Benjamin Wolin
		Title:	Chief Executive Officer, President and Director (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Matthew Foulston, certify that:

1.  I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Covetrus, Inc.;

2.  Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.  Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.  The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

(a)  Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)  Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(c)  Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.  The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)  All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

(b)  Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	November 10, 2020	By:	/s/ Matthew Foulston
		Name:	Matthew Foulston
		Title:	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I,  Benjamin Wolin, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge, the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Covetrus, Inc. for the period ended September 30, 2020 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in such Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition, and results of operations of Covetrus, Inc.

Date:	November 10, 2020	By:	/s/ Benjamin Wolin
		Name:	Benjamin Wolin
		Title:	Chief Executive Officer, President and Director (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Matthew Foulston, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge, the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Covetrus, Inc. for the period ended September 30, 2020 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in such Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition, and results of operations of Covetrus, Inc.

Date:	November 10, 2020	By:	/s/ Matthew Foulston
		Name:	Matthew Foulston
		Title:	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

XML

Cover - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Nov. 06, 2020
Entity [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2020
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-38794
Entity Registrant Name	COVETRUS, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	83-1448706
Entity Address, Address Line One	7 Custom House Street
Entity Address, City or Town	Portland
Entity Address, State or Province	ME
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	04101
City Area Code	888
Local Phone Number	280-2221
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
Trading Symbol	CVET
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		127,516,179
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Entity Central Index Key	0001752836
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 355	$ 130
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $6 and $8	498	426
Inventories, net	521	636
Other receivables	81	67
Prepaid expenses and other	45	30
Assets held for sale	0	51
Total current assets	1,500	1,340
Non-current assets:
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $101 and $84	108	93
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net (Note 5)	118	84
Goodwill	1,154	1,154
Other intangibles, net (Note 6)	541	643
Investments and other	89	47
Total assets	3,510	3,361
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	416	520
Current maturities of long-term debt and other borrowings (Note 7)	46	62
Accrued payroll and related liabilities	73	44
Accrued taxes	41	18
Other current liabilities	155	164
Liabilities held for sale	0	21
Total current liabilities	731	829
Non-current liabilities:
Long-term debt and other borrowings, net (Note 7)	1,082	1,125
Deferred taxes	39	47
Other liabilities	139	94
Total liabilities	1,991	2,095
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Mezzanine equity:
Redeemable non-controlling interests (Note 11)	15	10
Redeemable Series A convertible preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, $1,000 per share liquidation preference, 250,000 shares authorized, and 90,632 outstanding as of September 30, 2020 (Note 12)	88	0
Shareholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 675,000,000 shares authorized; 127,363,432 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2020; 111,620,507 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019	1	1
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Note 13)	(91)	(86)
Additional paid-in capital	2,567	2,381
Accumulated deficit	(1,061)	(1,040)
Total shareholders’ equity	1,416	1,256
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity, and shareholders’ equity	$ 3,510	$ 3,361

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED) - Parenthetical - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, reserves	$ 6	$ 8
Property and equipment, accumulated depreciation	$ 101	$ 84
Preferred stock par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Liquidation preference per share (in dollars per share)	$ 1,000	$ 1,000
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	250,000	250,000
Preferred stock shares issued (in shares)	90,632	90,632
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	90,632	90,632
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	675,000,000	675,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	127,363,432	111,620,507
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	127,363,432	111,620,507

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net sales		$ 1,126	$ 1,018	$ 3,217	$ 2,968
Cost of sales		929	827	2,625	2,407
Gross profit		197	191	592	561
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative		224	210	642	594
Goodwill impairment		0	939	0	939
Operating loss		(27)	(958)	(50)	(972)
Other income (expense):
Interest income		0	1	1	4
Interest expense		(10)	(16)	(38)	(42)
Other, net		5	4	79	18
Income (loss) before taxes and equity in earnings of affiliates		(32)	(969)	(8)	(992)
Income tax benefit (expense)		(3)	7	(6)	7
Net income (loss)		(35)	(962)	(14)	(985)
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests		0	3	(1)	3
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	[1]	$ (35)	$ (959)	$ (15)	$ (982)
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Covetrus:
Basic (in usd per share)		$ (0.33)	$ (8.56)	$ (0.18)	$ (9.26)
Diluted (in usd per share)		$ (0.33)	$ (8.56)	$ (0.18)	$ (9.26)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares)		116	112	113	106
Diluted (in shares)		116	112	113	106

[1] (a) Net income earned from January 1, 2019 through February 7, 2019 is attributed to the Former Parent as it was the sole shareholder prior to February 7, 2019.

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income (loss)	$ (35)	$ (962)	$ (14)	$ (985)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)	14	(22)	(2)	(17)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments	(1)	(2)	(8)	(2)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	13	(24)	(10)	(19)
Comprehensive income (loss)	(22)	(986)	(24)	(1,004)
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests:
Net (income) loss	0	3	(1)	3
Foreign currency translation (gain) loss	0	0	(2)	(1)
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests	0	3	(3)	2
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	$ (22)	$ (983)	$ (27)	$ (1,002)

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Millions		Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Net Former Parent Investment	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 29, 2018			0
Beginning balance at Dec. 29, 2018		$ 1,494	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 1,576	$ (82)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	[1]	(982)			(992)	10
Dividend to Former Parent		(1,174)		(21)		(1,153)
Issuance of shares at Separation (including share sale investors) (in shares)			71,693,426
Issuance of shares at Separation (including Share Sale investors)		1	$ 1	609		(609)
Issuance of shares in connection with the Acquisition (in shares)			39,742,089
Issuance of shares in connection with the Acquisition		1,772		1,772
Shares held in escrow expected to be canceled		(30)		(30)
Net increase in Former Parent investment		176				176
Issuance of shares in connection with share-based compensation plans (in shares)			618,758
Issuance of shares in connection with share-based compensation plans		3		3
Share-based compensation		35		35
Dividends declared on Series A preferred stock		0
Other comprehensive income (loss)		(19)					(19)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2019			112,054,273
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2019		1,276	$ 1	2,368	(992)	0	(101)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019			111,932,491
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2019		2,248	$ 1	2,357	(33)	0	(77)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	[1]	(959)			(959)	0
Issuance of shares in connection with share-based compensation plans (in shares)			121,782
Issuance of shares in connection with share-based compensation plans		1		1
Share-based compensation		10		10
Dividends declared on Series A preferred stock		0
Other comprehensive income (loss)		(24)					(24)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2019			112,054,273
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2019		$ 1,276	$ 1	2,368	(992)	$ 0	(101)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019		111,620,507	111,620,507
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2019		$ 1,256	$ 1	2,381	(1,040)		(86)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	[1]	(15)			(15)
Dividend to Former Parent		(6)
Net increase in Former Parent investment		(6)		(6)
Issuance of shares in connection with share-based compensation plans (in shares)			1,385,447
Issuance of shares in connection with share-based compensation plans		6		6
Share-based compensation		30		30
Dividends declared on Series A preferred stock		(6)			(6)
Conversion of Preferred Series A Stock to Common Stock (in shares)			14,357,478
Conversion of Preferred Series A Stock to Common Stock		156		156
Other comprehensive income (loss)		$ (5)					(5)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2020		127,363,432	127,363,432
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2020		$ 1,416	$ 1	2,567	(1,061)		(91)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020			112,674,657
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2020		1,276	$ 1	2,404	(1,022)		(107)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	[1]	(35)			(35)
Dividend to Former Parent		(4)
Net increase in Former Parent investment		(6)		(6)
Issuance of shares in connection with share-based compensation plans (in shares)			331,297
Issuance of shares in connection with share-based compensation plans		2		2
Share-based compensation		11		11
Dividends declared on Series A preferred stock		(4)			(4)
Conversion of Preferred Series A Stock to Common Stock (in shares)			14,357,478
Conversion of Preferred Series A Stock to Common Stock		156		156
Other comprehensive income (loss)		$ 16					16
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2020		127,363,432	127,363,432
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2020		$ 1,416	$ 1	$ 2,567	$ (1,061)		$ (91)

[1] (a) Net income earned from January 1, 2019 through February 7, 2019 is attributed to the Former Parent as it was the sole shareholder prior to February 7, 2019.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$ (14,000,000)	$ (985,000,000)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	124,000,000	113,000,000
Amortization of right-of-use assets	18,000,000	16,000,000
Plus: Goodwill impairment	0	939,000,000
Operating lease right-of-use asset impairment	8,000,000	0
Gain on divestiture of a business	(72,000,000)	0
Share-based compensation expense	30,000,000	35,000,000
Benefit for deferred income taxes	(7,000,000)	(19,000,000)
Amortization of debt issuance costs	4,000,000	0
Loss on managed exit of a business	8,000,000	0
Other	1,000,000	(2,000,000)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable, net	(77,000,000)	(25,000,000)
Inventories, net	99,000,000	(23,000,000)
Other assets and liabilities	(42,000,000)	(36,000,000)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(69,000,000)	21,000,000
Net cash provided by operating activities	11,000,000	34,000,000
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(40,000,000)	(30,000,000)
Payments related to equity investments and business acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(13,000,000)	(26,000,000)
Proceeds from Divestiture of Businesses	104,000,000	0
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	4,000,000	0
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	55,000,000	(56,000,000)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from revolving credit facility	190,000,000	0
Repayments of Long-term Lines of Credit	(190,000,000)	0
Proceeds from issuance of debt	0	1,220,000,000
Principal payments of debt	(62,000,000)	(43,000,000)
Debt issuance and amendment costs	(5,000,000)	(24,000,000)
Issuance of common shares in connection with share-based compensation plans	6,000,000	3,000,000
Dividend paid to Former Parent	0	(1,174,000,000)
Net transfers from Former Parent	0	165,000,000
Proceeds from issuance of Series A preferred stock	250,000,000	0
Series A preferred stock issuance costs	(6,000,000)	0
Series A preferred stock dividend	(6,000,000)	0
Acquisition payment	(17,000,000)	(9,000,000)
Acquisitions of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries	0	(74,000,000)
Net cash provided by financing activities	160,000,000	64,000,000
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(1,000,000)	3,000,000
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	225,000,000	45,000,000
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	130,000,000	23,000,000
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	355,000,000	68,000,000
Supplemental disclosure of cash paid for:
Interest	32,000,000	35,000,000
Income taxes	17,000,000	16,000,000
Amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	20,000,000	18,000,000
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Conversion of Series A preferred stock	156,000,000	0
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	60,000,000	91,000,000
Deconsolidation of a subsidiary	$ 15,000,000	$ 0

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Business Overview and Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Business Overview and Significant Accounting Policies

Business Overview and Significant Accounting Policies

Business

Covetrus, Inc. (“Covetrus,” “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us,” or “ourselves”) is a global animal-health technology and services company dedicated to supporting the companion, equine, and large-animal veterinary markets. On February 7, 2019, Covetrus became an independent company through the consummation of the spin-off by Henry Schein (“Former Parent”) of its animal-health business (“Animal Health Business”) and the completion of its acquisition of Direct Vet Marketing, Inc. (d/b/a Vets First Choice) (“Vets First Choice”). On February 8, 2019, Covetrus began trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market. Accordingly, results provided in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) reflect the operations of the Animal Health Business from January 1, 2019 to September 30, 2019 and Vets First Choice for the period from February 8, 2019 to September 30, 2019.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying balance sheet as of December 31, 2019, which was derived from audited financial statements, and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, have been prepared in accordance with applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial reporting. Pursuant to those rules and regulations, we omitted certain information and disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP.

In our opinion, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all recurring adjustments and transactions necessary for a fair statement of our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. Such operating results are not necessarily indicative of annual or future results. These condensed consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (“Form 10-K”) filed with the SEC on March 3, 2020.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the operations of the Company, as well as those of our wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries from their respective dates of inception or acquisition. All significant intercompany transactions and balances were eliminated in consolidation. Investments in unconsolidated affiliates, which are 20% to 50.01% owned, or investments of less than 20% in which we could influence the operating or financial decisions, are accounted for under the equity method.

During the three months ended December 31, 2019, we recorded a revision to our deferred tax assets due to a reassessment of our judgment on the realizability of deferred tax assets as of the third quarter ended September 30, 2019. In the aggregate, the revisions to our tax valuation allowance, including a revision for a deferred tax calculation error that predates the Separation, Distribution and Acquisition, were $53 million. We have concluded that this adjustment was not material to any previously issued financial statements or to our full fiscal year 2019 results. See Note 14 - Income Taxes.

Certain other immaterial prior period amounts were reclassified or rounded to conform to the presentation of the current period.

Accounting Pronouncements

Adopted

•As of January 1, 2020, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 326, Credit Losses (“Topic 326”) which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost, including accounts receivable. Topic 326 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and is required to be adopted using the modified retrospective basis, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to Retained earnings (Accumulated deficit) as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance of Topic 326 is effective. The adoption of Topic 326 did not have a material impact on the results of our condensed consolidated financial statements.

To be Adopted

•Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes,” removes specific technical exceptions to general principles found in Topic 740, items that often produce information that investors have difficulty understanding and simplifies the accounting for income taxes. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the anticipated impact of this standard on our condensed consolidated financial statements as well as timing of adoption.

•ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting,” provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting for contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). The standard is currently effective and upon adoption may be applied prospectively to contract modifications made on or before December 31, 2022. We are evaluating the impact of the LIBOR transition and this optional relief guidance on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

•ASU 2020-06, "Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity," simplifies the accounting for certain convertible instruments, amends guidance on derivative scope exceptions for contracts in an entity's own equity, and modifies the guidance on diluted earnings per share calculations as a result of these changes. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this standard will have no impact on our diluted earnings per share. We are evaluating the impact of the remaining provisions on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which will largely depend on the composition and terms of the financial instruments at the time of adoption.

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Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 ("COVID-19")

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID-19”)

The COVID-19 pandemic developed throughout 2020 and in response to the pandemic, measures were and continue to be instituted, including phased temporary closures of non-essential businesses throughout many of the regions in which we conduct operations. The temporary closures, on a local, state, or country level, may be extended or more widespread in response to a rising number of reported cases. However, veterinary care has been deemed an essential business in most of these regions and we continue to deliver products and services to our customers and their animal-owner clients. In addition, most of our customers are generally able to continue their operations by following new social distancing guidelines which, depending on local regulations, can include telehealth and animal curbside check-in and drop-off at clinics. To date, we continue to experience limited disruption to our results of operations from the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to create volatility and unpredictability to our business, including shifts in timing and channel mix, inventory replenishment, reduced travel and entertainment expenses due to travel restrictions, expected extension of our workforce working from home based on the local regulations in areas where we operate, as well as other changes.

We believe our allowance for credit losses related to our accounts receivable is adequate as of September 30, 2020, due to the essential nature of our customers' businesses, as noted above, as well as the historic behavior of our large customer base. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, there could be an increase in the aging of our accounts receivable, however, we do not anticipate a significant increase in defaults for such accounts receivable.

During the first quarter ended March 31, 2020, we experienced a sustained decline in our share price and a resulting decrease in our market capitalization due to the overall macroeconomic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to this overall market decline and the uncertainty surrounding COVID-19, we concluded that a triggering event occurred and conducted an interim impairment review of our goodwill as of March 31, 2020. We tested for goodwill impairment by quantitatively comparing the fair value of our North America reporting unit (the only reporting unit currently bearing goodwill) to its carrying amount. Using the income-based approach, fair value exceeded the carrying amount as of March 31, 2020. We did not experience triggering events during the second quarter ended June 30, 2020 or third quarter ended September 30, 2020.

We have taken the following actions to help ensure that our business has flexibility to mitigate potential effects from continued global economic pressure:

•During the quarter ended March 31, 2020, we borrowed funds under our revolving line of credit to increase our cash position and provide flexibility. In May 2020, we issued 7.50% Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred Stock”), and we used a portion of the $244 million aggregate net proceeds to repay borrowings under our revolving line of credit. See Note 7 - Long-term Debt and Other Borrowings, Net and Note 12 - Redeemable Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

•We reduced our non-critical, near-term planned capital expenditures

•We negotiated for extended payment terms on certain contracts

•We managed our inventory levels in line with expected demand

•We instituted cost containment measures including temporary executive, board, and other senior-level employee compensation reductions, employee furloughs in certain European countries, certain shift eliminations, a temporary hiring freeze, discretionary spending deferrals, deferred payroll taxes as available under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), and temporarily suspended our 401(k)-employer match

During the third quarter of 2020, we returned to pre-COVID-19 compensation levels and reinstated our 401(k)-employer match. We continue to monitor our business performance and intend to take a cautious yet balanced approach in managing our expenses in light of uncertainty created by the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of the measures we implement from an expense management perspective may continue as we transform our business; for example, we have recently reinstituted restrictions on hiring non -essential roles.

Risk and Uncertainties

The duration and severity of COVID-19-related potential disruptions and the actions we have taken, and may take in the future, in response thereto, involve risks and uncertainties, and it is not possible at this time to estimate the impact that COVID-19 could have on our business. The impact of COVID-19 on various business activities in affected countries could adversely affect our estimates, results of operations, and financial condition.

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Divestiture and Equity Method Investment

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Divestiture and Equity Method Investment

Divestiture and Equity Method Investment

Divestitures

On April 1, 2020, we completed the divestiture of our scil animal-care business (“scil”) to Heska Corporation for $110 million pursuant to an amended purchase agreement. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded a pre-tax gain of $72 million, which reflects a $1 million foreign exchange adjustment for the finalization of the purchase price during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we announced a managed exit of the operations of our French distribution business specializing in medicines, pet food, equipment and services for veterinary clinics. We accrued $7 million in severance costs based on French statutory requirements, and $1 million of other costs associated with this decision. We anticipate operations will predominantly be shut down by the end of the year.

Equity Method Investment

On April 30, 2020, we completed the previously announced combination of our subsidiary, Spain Animal Health Solutions S.L.U. (“SAHS”), with Distrivet, S.A. to form a leading animal-health provider on the Iberian Peninsula. We contributed SAHS by means of a contribution in kind of all the shares of SAHS in exchange for the transfer of shares from shareholders of Distrivet, S.A. (“Distrivet Shareholders”). In addition, at closing, we made a payment of $11 million, and we are obligated to make an additional payment of $11 million on the one-year anniversary of the closing of the combination. As a result of these transactions, we now own 50.01% of the new company, called Distrivet, a Covetrus company (“Distrivet”).

Based on Distrivet's governance structure, we do not have power over key financial and operating decisions that are made in the ordinary course of business. Accordingly, our investment in Distrivet is accounted for under the equity method and Distrivet is considered a related party. See Note 16 - Related Party Transactions.

The Investment and Shareholders Agreement of Distrivet, S.A. (“Agreement”) executed on January 13, 2020, contains put and call options on the shares owned by the Distrivet Shareholders, representing up to 49.99%, that are exercisable at fair market

value based on floor and ceiling prices tied to Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization (“EBITDA”) multiples as specified in the Agreement. See Note 9 - Fair Value.During the three months ended June 30, 2020, we deconsolidated SAHS, remeasured our retained investment initially at a fair value of $45 million, which was included in Investments and other in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, and recognized a gain of $1 million, which was included in Other, net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The fair value was measured using third-party valuation models and was determined using both the market approach and income approach, which includes discounted expected cash flows. As of September 30, 2020, the carrying amount of our investment in Distrivet was $49 million.

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Disaggregation of Revenue

The tables below present our revenue disaggregated by major product category and reportable segment.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Supply Chain Services		Software Solutions		Prescription Management		Eliminations		Total
North America	$	512	$	20	$	104	$	(18)	$	618
Europe	404		2		—		(3)		403
APAC & Emerging Markets	106		2		—		—		108
Eliminations	(3)		—		—		—		(3)
Total Net sales	$	1,019	$	24	$	104	$	(21)	$	1,126
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Supply Chain Services		Software Solutions		Prescription Management		Eliminations		Total
North America	$	464	$	20	$	72	$	(13)	$	543
Europe	385		2		—		(3)		384
APAC & Emerging Markets	92		2		—		—		94
Eliminations	(3)		—		—		—		(3)
Total Net sales	$	938	$	24	$	72	$	(16)	$	1,018
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Supply Chain Services		Software Solutions		Prescription Management		Eliminations		Total
North America	$	1,469	$	60	$	298	$	(56)	$	1,771
Europe	1,169		6		—		(9)		1,166
APAC & Emerging Markets	282		6		—		—		288
Eliminations	(8)		—		—		—		(8)
Total Net sales	$	2,912	$	72	$	298	$	(65)	$	3,217
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Supply Chain Services		Software Solutions		Prescription Management		Eliminations		Total
North America	$	1,379	$	62	$	172	$	(21)	$	1,592
Europe	1,117		7		—		(10)		1,114
APAC & Emerging Markets	264		6		—		—		270
Eliminations	(8)		—		—		—		(8)
Total Net sales	$	2,752	$	75	$	172	$	(31)	$	2,968

Contract Balances

Contract balances represent amounts presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheets when we have either transferred goods or services to the customer or the customer has paid consideration to us under the contract. These contract balances include accounts receivable, contract assets, and contract liabilities.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recognized at the amount invoiced and the carrying amount is reduced in part by an allowance for credit losses. Our estimation of current expected credit losses, with respect to receivables and recognition of allowances that, when deducted from the balance of the receivables, represent the net amounts expected to be collected. We do not consider there to be significant concentrations of credit risk with trade receivables due to the short-term nature of our accounts, our large customer base, and strong historical experience collecting receivables. The allowance for credit losses is based on several factors which include reviewing delinquent accounts receivable, historical data, experience, customer types, creditworthiness, and economic trends. From time to time, we adjust our assumptions for anticipated changes in any of these or other factors that may affect collectability, and the allowance for credit losses is reviewed quarterly for any required adjustments. Accounts receivable are written off when it is probable that all contractual payments due will not be collected.

Contract Assets

Contract assets include amounts related to any conditional right to monetary consideration for work completed as of the reporting date and generally represent amounts owed to us by customers, but not yet billed. Contract assets are transferred to Accounts receivable when the right becomes unconditional. Current contract assets are included in Prepaid expenses and other and non-current contract assets are included in Investments and other within the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The contract assets primarily relate to the bundled arrangements for the sale of equipment and consumables and sales of term software licenses. Current and non-current contract asset balances as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were not material.

Contract Liabilities

Contract liabilities are comprised of advance payments received and deferred revenue amounts. Contract liabilities are transferred to revenue once our performance obligation has been satisfied. Current contract liabilities are included in Other current liabilities and non-current contract liabilities are included in Other liabilities within the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The contract liabilities primarily relate to advance payments from customers and upfront payments for service arrangements provided over time. The current portion of contract liabilities of $15 million at September 30, 2020 and $37 million at December 31, 2019 were reported in Other current liabilities. Amounts related to non-current contract liabilities were not material.

Performance Obligations

Estimated future revenues expected to be generated from our long-term contracts with unsatisfied performance obligations as of September 30, 2020 were not material.

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Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Leases

The lease for our compounding facility and office space in Arizona commenced on January 1, 2020, which increased our operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities by $19 million. This facility has a lease term of 14 years. We also commenced or extended various other facility and equipment operating leases which, individually, were not material.

As of September 30, 2020, we determined that an operating lease right-of-use asset, a standalone asset group, within our North America segment was impaired. See Note 9 - Fair Value.

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Other Intangibles, Net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Intangibles, Net

Other Intangibles, Net Other intangibles, net includes customer relationships, trademarks, patents, product development, and non-compete arrangements.

The following table presents the balances within the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of:

	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Gross definite-lived intangible assets	$	997	$	1,001
Accumulated amortization	(456)		(358)
Total Other intangibles, net	$	541	$	643

The following table presents our amortization expense:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Location	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cost of sales	$	1	$	1	$	3	$	3
Selling, general and administrative	33		33		98		90
Total amortization expense	$	34	$	34	$	101	$	93

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Long-term Debt and Other Borrowings, Net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-term Debt and Other Borrowings, Net

Long-term Debt and Other Borrowings, Net

As of September 30, 2020 Long-term debt and other borrowings, net consisted of the following:

	Commencement Date	Maturity Date	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Revolving line of credit	February 2019	February 2024	$	—	$	—
Term loan payable; quarterly installments of $15 million began March 31, 2020 with remaining principal due at maturity	February 2019	February 2024	1,140		1,200
Loan payable with principal due at maturity	February 2019	March 2023	6		6
Finance lease obligations			1		1
Total debt and other borrowings			1,147		1,207
Less: current maturities			(46)		(62)
Total Long-term debt and other borrowings			1,101		1,145
Less: unamortized debt discount			(19)		(20)
Total Long-term debt and other borrowings, net			$	1,082	$	1,125

The amount available for borrowing under the revolving line of credit as of September 30, 2020 was $299 million, subject to covenant restrictions.

In February 2020, our credit facility was amended primarily to delay the step down of our leverage covenant from 5.50x to 5.00x until June 30, 2021.

On April 10, 2020, we used $45 million in proceeds from the sale of scil (see Note 3 - Divestiture and Equity Method Investment) to prepay our remaining quarterly principal amortization term loan payments for 2020. Following this prepayment, the next quarterly principal amortization term loan payment of $15 million is due on March 31, 2021.

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Derivatives and Financial Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivatives and Financial Instruments

Derivatives and Financial Instruments

We are exposed to the impact of changes in interest rates in the normal course of business. Our financial risk management program is designed to manage the exposure arising from this cash flow risk and uses derivative financial instruments to minimize this risk. We do not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

In 2019, we executed interest rate swap contracts with notional amounts aggregating $500 million that are designated as cash flow hedges to manage interest rate risk on our floating rate debt. These interest rate swap contracts effectively fix the borrowing rates on a portion of our floating rate debt discussed in Note 7 - Long-term Debt and Other Borrowings, Net.

Our interest rate swap agreements exchange payment streams based on the notional principal amount. These agreements fix our future interest rates ranging from 1.63% to 1.70% plus the applicable margin as provided in our debt agreement on an amount of our debt principal equal to the then-outstanding swap notional amount. The base notional amounts mature on July 31, 2021. On the interest rate swap inception dates, we designated the swaps as a hedge of the variability in cash flows we pay on our variable rate borrowings.

The following table discloses the fair value and balance sheet location of our derivative instruments:

	Liability Derivatives
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments	Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Interest rate swap contracts	Other liabilities	$	6	$	1

At inception of the hedging contract, we used statistical regression to assess the effectiveness of the interest rate hedges. The hedging contracts were deemed highly effective and are expected to be highly effective throughout the hedge period. Therefore, we perform a qualitative assessment of the hedge effectiveness at each subsequent quarterly reporting date. As of September 30, 2020, derivative gains and losses were reported as a component of Other comprehensive income (loss) and will subsequently be recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations when the hedged transaction is recognized in earnings.

The effect of cash flow hedges on Other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:

		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments	Location	2020		2019		2020		2019
Interest rate swap contracts	Interest (income) expense	$	3	$	—	$	3	$	—

The net amount of deferred losses on cash flow hedges that are expected to be reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into Interest expense within the next 12 months is $6 million.

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Fair Value

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value

Fair Value

GAAP defines fair value as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

We have certain financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, certain nonfinancial assets and liabilities that may be measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, and certain financial assets and liabilities that are not measured at fair value in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, but the fair value is disclosed. The fair value disclosures of these assets and liabilities are based on a three-level hierarchy, which is defined as follows:

•Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

•Level 2 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability

•Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability

There were no changes in valuation approaches or techniques during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. See Note 9 - Fair Value in our Form 10-K for a description of our valuation techniques.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the level within the fair value hierarchy:

Liabilities	Level	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Interest rate swap contracts	2	$	6	$	1
Distrivet put option	3	5		—
Total liabilities		$	11	$	1

Interest Rate Swap Contracts

Our derivatives at September 30, 2020 consisted of five interest rate swap contracts which are over-the-counter and not traded through an exchange. See Note 8 - Derivatives and Financial Instruments.

Distrivet Put Option

The Distrivet put option fair value was derived from a Monte Carlo simulation methodology. The significant unobservable inputs utilized in this Level 3 fair value measurement includes the enterprise value of Distrivet, volatility, and cost of debt. We regularly evaluate each of the assumptions used in establishing this liability. Significant changes in assumptions could result in significantly lower or higher fair value measurements. See Note 3 - Divestiture and Equity Method Investment.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Assets that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis primarily relate to Property and equipment, net, Operating lease right-of-use assets, net, Goodwill, and Other intangibles, net. We do not periodically adjust carrying value to fair value for these assets; rather, the carrying value of the asset is reduced to its fair value when we determine that impairment has occurred. We did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the year ended December 31, 2019.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded an operating lease right-of-use asset impairment of $8 million in our North America segment as this asset group was not recoverable based on COVID-19's effect on the subleasing market as well as other asset group specific factors. The fair value of this operating lease right-of-use asset was $8 million, determined using the discounted expected cash flow. The significant unobservable inputs utilized in this Level 3 fair value measurement include market rent assumptions and discount rate.

Assets and Liabilities not Measured at Fair Value

Financial Assets and Liabilities

The carrying amounts reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheets for Cash and cash equivalents, Accounts receivable, net, Other receivables, Accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate their fair value due to the short maturity of those instruments.

Investments in Affiliates

There are no quoted market prices available for investments in affiliates, however, we believe the carrying amounts are a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Long-term Debt

Our long-term debt is classified as a level 2 instrument. The carrying amount of the term loan approximates fair value given the underlying interest rate applied to such amounts outstanding is currently reset to the prevailing monthly market rate.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

We are involved in various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Substantial judgment is required in predicting the outcome of these legal proceedings, many of which take years to adjudicate. We accrue estimated costs for a contingency when we believe that a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated. No material accrued loss contingencies were recorded as of September 30, 2020.

Securities Litigation Matter

On September 30, 2019, the City of Hollywood (Florida) Police Officers' Retirement System filed a putative securities class action lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, purportedly on behalf of purchasers of Covetrus common stock from February 8, 2019 through August 12, 2019, against the Company, our Former Parent, our former Chief Executive Officer and President, and our former Chief Financial Officer (collectively, the “Defendants”). The complaint alleges that the Defendants violated Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), by making allegedly false and misleading statements and omissions, primarily regarding the Company’s financial prospects and the integration costs relating to the business combination involving the Animal Health Business and Vets First Choice. The suit seeks unspecified damages, fees, interest, and costs. We intend to defend the matter vigorously and have filed a motion to dismiss the lawsuit. Given the uncertainty of litigation, the preliminary stage of the case, and the legal standards that must be met for, among other things, class certification and success on the merits, we cannot estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss that may result from this action.

Purchase Obligations

We are party to an exclusive supply arrangement for certain products within the U.S. market. We amended this arrangement in February 2020 to extend the purchase obligations until 2025 which include unconditional purchase obligations totaling $44 million over this period. Our unconditional purchase obligation for 2020 is $8 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we paid $6 million for products purchased under this exclusive arrangement, leaving a remaining commitment of $38 million. Our forecasted sales for products under this exclusive supply arrangement exceed our purchase obligations.

In 2019, we engaged a third-party for services over a three-year period ending December 31, 2022. The fixed portion of the contract is capped at $14 million while the variable portion of the contract is capped at $39 million over the term of the engagement. We consider the contract to be of a “take-or-pay” nature due to the termination fees embedded in the contract: fixed termination fees of $12 million until mid-November 2020 and $14 million thereafter, plus any variable performance fees through termination. During 2019, we incurred $2 million in fixed fees. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we incurred $10 million in variable fees and $3 million in fixed fees under this arrangement, leaving a remaining potential commitment of $38 million.

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Redeemable Non-controlling Interests

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]

Redeemable Non-controlling Interests

Redeemable Non-controlling Interests

Some minority equity owners in certain of our subsidiaries have the right, at certain times, to require us to acquire their ownership interest in those entities. We initially record our Redeemable non-controlling interests at fair value on the date of acquisition and subsequently adjust to redemption value.

The following table presents the components of change and balances of Redeemable non-controlling interests within the condensed consolidated balance sheets as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020		Year Ended December 31, 2019
Balance at beginning of period	$	10	$	92
Decrease due to redemptions	—		(74)
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests	1		(3)
Effect of foreign currency translation (gain) loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests	(2)		1
Change to redemption value	6		(6)
Balance at end of period	$	15	$	10

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Redeemable Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Schedule of Investments [Abstract]

Redeemable Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

Redeemable Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

On May 19, 2020, we issued 250,000 shares of our 7.50% Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), with a par value of $0.01 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $250 million, or $1,000 per share, pursuant to an Investment Agreement (the “Investment Agreement”) with CD&R VFC Holdings, L.P. (the “Purchaser”), an affiliate of Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, LLC, (“CD&R”) dated April 30, 2020. We received net proceeds of $244 million after issuance costs, a portion of which was used to pay down our revolver borrowings and the remainder of which was used to provide additional short-term liquidity and support general corporate purposes.

Our right to elect a conversion was triggered on September 4, 2020, when the closing share price of our common stock was $22.29 , which marked the twentieth trading day in a period of thirty consecutive trading days that our volume weighted average stock price closed above $22.20 (which is equal to 200% of the conversion price for the Series A Preferred Stock of $11.10 currently in effect). On September 9, 2020, we then converted a portion of our 7.50% Series A Convertible Preferred Stock to 14.4 million shares of Common Stock in accordance with the terms of the Investment Agreement. Following this conversion, the Purchaser continues to own 90,632 shares of Series A Preferred Stock. The remaining Series A Preferred Stock is a participating security for our calculation of earnings per share (see Note 15 - Earnings (Loss) Per Share). To convert the remaining shares of Series A Preferred Stock into Common Stock, we require shareholder consent to comply with NASDAQ Listing Rules that otherwise limit Common Stock ownership to less than 20%. On November 17, 2020, we are scheduled to hold a Special Meeting of Shareholders to vote on the conversion of the remaining outstanding Series A Preferred Stock into common stock.

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, our board of directors declared a pro rata quarterly dividend. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 we paid preferred dividends of $4 million and $6 million, respectively. There were no cumulative dividends included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements in connection with the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock.

Under the terms of the Investment Agreement, the Purchaser had the right to appoint two designees to our board of directors (see Note 16 - Related Party Transactions).

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Equity [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) includes certain gains and losses that are excluded from Net income (loss) under GAAP as these amounts are recorded directly as an adjustment to total equity.

The following table presents the changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of applicable taxes, by component:

	Gain (loss) on derivative instruments		Foreign currency translation gain (loss)		Total
Balance at December 29, 2018	$	—	$	(82)	$	(82)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(1)		(4)		(5)
Reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings	1		—		1
Balance at December 31, 2019	—		(86)		(86)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(8)		(2)		(10)
Reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings	3		2		5
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	(5)	$	(86)	$	(91)

We recognized foreign currency translation losses as a component of comprehensive income (loss) due to changes in foreign exchange rates from the beginning of the period to the end of the period. The condensed consolidated financial statements are denominated in the U.S. dollar currency. Fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies as compared to the U.S. dollar may have a significant impact on Comprehensive income (loss).

The tax effect on accumulated unrealized losses on derivative instruments was not material for the periods presented. See Note 8 - Derivatives and Financial Instruments.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

As previously disclosed in our 2019 Form 10-K, we revised our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended September 30, 2019. As we incurred additional losses in the fourth quarter of 2019, we had for the first time, a three-year cumulative loss in the U.S. We determined that the cumulative loss represented a significant piece of negative evidence which is difficult to overcome in determining whether a valuation allowance was required. The cumulative loss caused us to reassess the weight of other available evidence we had use in making this determination at September 30, 2019. That reassessment resulted in our conclusion that negative evidence at September 30, 2019 outweighed the positive which resulted in the need for this revision. We determined that these amounts were and are not material to our previously issued quarterly financial statements. The impact to our previously issued condensed consolidated financial statements was as follows:

	As of September 30, 2019
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet	Previously Reported		Revision		As Revised
Non-current deferred income tax assets, net (a)	$	38	$	(19)	$	19
Total assets	3,328		(19)		3,309
Deferred income taxes	11		34		45
Total liabilities	1,989		34		2,023
Accumulated deficit	(939)		(53)		(992)
Total shareholders’ equity	1,329		(53)		1,276
Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interests, and shareholders’ equity	$	3,328	$	(19)	$	3,309
(a) Included in Investments and other.
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations	Previously Reported		Revision		As Revised
Income tax benefit (expense)	$	60	$	(53)	$	7
Net income (loss)	(909)		(53)		(962)
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	$	(906)	$	(53)	$	(959)
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Covetrus:
Basic	$	(8.09)	$	(0.47)	$	(8.56)
Diluted	$	(8.09)	$	(0.47)	$	(8.56)
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations	Previously Reported		Revision		As Revised
Income tax benefit (expense)	$	60	$	(53)	$	7
Net income (loss)	(932)		(53)		(985)
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	$	(929)	$	(53)	$	(982)
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Covetrus:
Basic	$	(8.76)	$	(0.50)	$	(9.26)
Diluted	$	(8.76)	$	(0.50)	$	(9.26)

Income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was $3 million on a loss before taxes and equity in earnings of affiliates of $32 million for a consolidated effective tax rate of (8.0)%. The difference between our effective tax rate and the federal statutory tax rates for the jurisdictions in which we operate for the three months ended September 30, 2020, primarily relates to the sale of our scil business and change in valuation allowance due to uncertainty regarding the realization of future tax benefits from certain U.S. deferred taxes.

Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $6 million on a loss before taxes and equity in earnings of affiliates of $8 million for a consolidated effective tax rate of (90.6)%. The difference between our effective tax rate and the federal statutory tax rates for the jurisdictions in which we operate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily relates to the sale of our scil business and non-deductible stock compensation expense.

Income tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was $7 million on a loss before taxes and equity in earnings of affiliates of $969 million for a consolidated effective tax rate of 0.8%. The income tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $7 million on a loss before taxes and equity in earnings of affiliates of $992 million for a consolidated effective tax rate of 0.7%. The difference between our effective tax rate and the federal statutory tax rates for the jurisdictions in which we operate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily related to the federal tax impact of international operations included as Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income ("GILTI") and change in valuation allowance due to uncertainty regarding the realization of future tax benefits from certain U.S. deferred taxes.

The CARES Act

On March 27, 2020, the President of the United States signed the CARES Act, a substantial tax-and-spending package intended to provide additional economic stimulus to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

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Earnings (Loss) Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Earnings (Loss) Per Share Basic earnings (loss) per common share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. In addition, the shares of common stock issuable pursuant to restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance stock units, and stock options outstanding under our 2019 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan, shares issuable under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan, and Series A Preferred Stock are included in the diluted EPS calculation to the extent they are dilutive.

On September 9, 2020, we converted a portion of our 7.50% Series A Convertible Preferred Stock to 14.4 million common shares. Following the conversion, the additional shares were included in weighted-average common shares outstanding.

The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic and diluted EPS computation for net income (loss) per share:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions, except per share amounts)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Numerator:
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	$	(35)	$	(959)	$	(15)	$	(982)
Adjustment for:
Dividends declared on Series A preferred stock	(4)		—		(6)		—
Income (loss) available to common shareholders	$	(39)	$	(959)	$	(21)	$	(982)
Denominator:
Basic
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	116		112		113		106
Diluted
Effect of dilutive shares	—		—		—		—
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	116		112		113		106
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Covetrus:
Basic	$	(0.33)	$	(8.56)	$	(0.18)	$	(9.26)
Diluted	$	(0.33)	$	(8.56)	$	(0.18)	$	(9.26)
Potentially dilutive securities (a)	26		6		27		4
(a) Potentially dilutive securities attributable to outstanding convertible Series A Preferred Stock (approximately 73% of the total potentially dilutive securities for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and approximately 74% of the total potentially dilutive securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020), stock options, restricted stock units, restricted stock awards, and performance stock units were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the securities would have had an antidilutive effect.

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Related Party Disclosures

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions

Upon closing the transaction with Distrivet, S.A. on April 30, 2020 (see Note 3 - Divestiture and Equity Method Investment), Distrivet became a related party. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we provided management services and corporate branding to Distrivet under our agreement, and we provided goods to Distrivet. These services and product sales were not material during this period.

Because CD&R currently beneficially owns 19.99% of our common stock, they are deemed a related party. As part of the terms of the Investment Agreement, CD&R had the right to designate two members to our board of directors, which resulted in increasing the number of directors serving on the board from nine to ten directors. CD&R's current designees on our board of directors are Ravi Sachdev and Sandra E. Peterson. CD&R’s right to representation on our board is directly related to their level of share ownership; if CD&R sells some of their common stock, subject to certain thresholds, their right to representation on our board is reduced or eliminated. See Note 12 - Redeemable Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.

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Segment Data

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Data

Segment Data

The following tables reflect our segment and Corporate information and reconciles Adjusted EBITDA for reportable segments to consolidated Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus:

	At and For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
	North America		Europe		APAC & Emerging Markets		Corporate		Eliminations		Total
Net sales	$	618	$	403	$	108	$	—	$	(3)	$	1,126
Adjusted EBITDA	$	45	$	19	$	8	$	(13)	$	—	$	59
Total assets	$	3,124	$	700	$	173	$	1,169	$	(1,656)	$	3,510
Reconciliation of Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus to Adjusted EBITDA:
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus											$	(35)
Plus: Depreciation and amortization											41
Plus: Interest expense, net											10
Plus: Income tax (benefit) expense											3
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization											19
Plus: Share-based compensation											11
Plus: Strategic consulting											3
Plus: Transaction costs (a)											1
Plus: Separation programs and executive severance											2
Plus: IT infrastructure											1
Plus: Formation of Covetrus (a)											4
Plus: Equity method investment and non-consolidated affiliates (b)											1
Plus: Operating lease right-of-use asset impairment											8
Plus: France managed exit (c)											8
Plus: Other items, net											1
Adjusted EBITDA											$	59
(a) Includes professional and consulting fees, duplicative costs associated with transition service agreements, and other costs incurred in connection with the separation from Former Parent and establishing Covetrus as an independent public company.
(b) Includes the proportionate share of the adjustments to EBITDA of consolidated and non-consolidated affiliates where Covetrus ownership is less than 100%.
(c) Includes $7 million of severance and $1 million of other costs. See Note 3 - Divestiture and Equity Method Investment for further discussion.

	At and For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	North America		Europe		APAC & Emerging Markets		Corporate		Eliminations		Total
Net sales	$	543	$	384	$	94	$	—	$	(3)	$	1,018
Adjusted EBITDA	$	39	$	15	$	5	$	(10)	$	—	$	49
Total assets	$	2,829	$	622	$	121	$	1,108	$	(1,371)	$	3,309
Reconciliation of Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus to Adjusted EBITDA:
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus											$	(959)
Plus: Depreciation and amortization											41
Plus: Interest expense, net											16
Plus: Income tax (benefit) expense											(7)
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization											(909)
Plus: Share-based compensation											10
Plus: Formation of Covetrus (a)											13
Plus: Separation programs and executive severance											1
Plus: IT infrastructure											2
Plus: Goodwill impairment											939
Less: Minority interest in goodwill impairment											(3)
Less: Other items, net											(4)
Adjusted EBITDA											$	49
(a) Includes professional and consulting fees, duplicative costs associated with transition service agreements, and other costs incurred in connection with the separation from Former Parent and establishing Covetrus as an independent public company.

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
	North America		Europe		APAC & Emerging Markets		Corporate		Eliminations		Total
Net sales	$	1,771	$	1,166	$	288	$	—	$	(8)	$	3,217
Adjusted EBITDA	$	141	$	53	$	20	$	(44)	$	—	$	170
Reconciliation of Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus to Adjusted EBITDA:
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus											$	(15)
Plus: Depreciation and amortization											124
Plus: Interest expense, net											37
Plus: Income tax (benefit) expense											6
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization											152
Plus: Share-based compensation											30
Plus: Strategic consulting											13
Plus: Transaction costs (a)											8
Plus: Separation programs and executive severance											4
Plus: IT infrastructure											3
Plus: Formation of Covetrus (b)											17
Plus: Capital structure											2
Plus: Equity method investment and non-consolidated affiliates (c)											1
Plus: Operating lease right-of-use asset impairment											8
Plus: France managed exit (d)											8
Less: Other items, net (e)											(76)
Adjusted EBITDA											$	170
(a) Includes legal, accounting, tax, and other professional fees incurred in connection with acquisitions and divestitures.
(b) Includes professional and consulting fees, duplicative costs associated with transition service agreements, and other costs incurred in connection with the separation from Former Parent and establishing Covetrus as an independent public company.
(c) Includes the proportionate share of the adjustments to EBITDA of consolidated and non-consolidated affiliates where Covetrus ownership is less than 100%.
(d) Includes $7 million of severance and $1 million of other costs. See Note 3 - Divestiture and Equity Method Investment for further discussion.
(e) Includes a pre-tax gain of $72 million from the sale of scil and a $1 million gain on the deconsolidation of SAHS. See Note 3 - Divestiture and Equity Method Investment.

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	North America		Europe		APAC & Emerging Markets		Corporate		Eliminations		Total
Net sales	$	1,592	$	1,114	$	270	$	—	$	(8)	$	2,968
Adjusted EBITDA	$	117	$	50	$	13	$	(27)	$	—	$	153
Reconciliation of Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus to Adjusted EBITDA:
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus											$	(982)
Plus: Depreciation and amortization											113
Plus: Interest expense, net											41
Plus: Income tax (benefit) expense											(7)
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization											(835)
Plus: Share-based compensation											35
Plus: Formation of Covetrus (a)											26
Plus: Separation programs and executive severance											1
Plus: Carve-out operating expenses											5
Plus: IT infrastructure											4
Plus: Goodwill impairment											939
Less: Minority interest in goodwill impairment											(3)
Less: Other items, net											(19)
Adjusted EBITDA											$	153
(a) Includes professional and consulting fees, duplicative costs associated with transition service agreements, and other costs incurred in connection with the separation from Former Parent and establishing Covetrus as an independent public company.

See Note 4 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers for our revenue disaggregated by major product category and reportable segment.

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Subsequent Events	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events On October 9, 2020, we announced a strategic investment in Veterinary Study Groups, Inc. ("VSG") which we will consolidate in the fourth quarter of 2020. VSG manages a family of more than 50 Veterinary Management Groups in the United States and Canada, which are comprised of more than 1,100 members who together own more than 1,500 veterinary practices. VSG generated approximately $12 million in revenue for fiscal year 2019.

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Business Overview and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Business

Business

Covetrus, Inc. (“Covetrus,” “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us,” or “ourselves”) is a global animal-health technology and services company dedicated to supporting the companion, equine, and large-animal veterinary markets. On February 7, 2019, Covetrus became an independent company through the consummation of the spin-off by Henry Schein (“Former Parent”) of its animal-health business (“Animal Health Business”) and the completion of its acquisition of Direct Vet Marketing, Inc. (d/b/a Vets First Choice) (“Vets First Choice”). On February 8, 2019, Covetrus began trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market. Accordingly, results provided in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) reflect the operations of the Animal Health Business from January 1, 2019 to September 30, 2019 and Vets First Choice for the period from February 8, 2019 to September 30, 2019.

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying balance sheet as of December 31, 2019, which was derived from audited financial statements, and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, have been prepared in accordance with applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial reporting. Pursuant to those rules and regulations, we omitted certain information and disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP.

In our opinion, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all recurring adjustments and transactions necessary for a fair statement of our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. Such operating results are not necessarily indicative of annual or future results. These condensed consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (“Form 10-K”) filed with the SEC on March 3, 2020.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the operations of the Company, as well as those of our wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries from their respective dates of inception or acquisition. All significant intercompany transactions and balances were eliminated in consolidation. Investments in unconsolidated affiliates, which are 20% to 50.01% owned, or investments of less than 20% in which we could influence the operating or financial decisions, are accounted for under the equity method.

During the three months ended December 31, 2019, we recorded a revision to our deferred tax assets due to a reassessment of our judgment on the realizability of deferred tax assets as of the third quarter ended September 30, 2019. In the aggregate, the revisions to our tax valuation allowance, including a revision for a deferred tax calculation error that predates the Separation, Distribution and Acquisition, were $53 million. We have concluded that this adjustment was not material to any previously issued financial statements or to our full fiscal year 2019 results. See Note 14 - Income Taxes.

Certain other immaterial prior period amounts were reclassified or rounded to conform to the presentation of the current period.

Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements

Adopted

•As of January 1, 2020, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 326, Credit Losses (“Topic 326”) which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost, including accounts receivable. Topic 326 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and is required to be adopted using the modified retrospective basis, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to Retained earnings (Accumulated deficit) as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance of Topic 326 is effective. The adoption of Topic 326 did not have a material impact on the results of our condensed consolidated financial statements.

To be Adopted

•Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes,” removes specific technical exceptions to general principles found in Topic 740, items that often produce information that investors have difficulty understanding and simplifies the accounting for income taxes. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the anticipated impact of this standard on our condensed consolidated financial statements as well as timing of adoption.

•ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting,” provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting for contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). The standard is currently effective and upon adoption may be applied prospectively to contract modifications made on or before December 31, 2022. We are evaluating the impact of the LIBOR transition and this optional relief guidance on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

•ASU 2020-06, "Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity," simplifies the accounting for certain convertible instruments, amends guidance on derivative scope exceptions for contracts in an entity's own equity, and modifies the guidance on diluted earnings per share calculations as a result of these changes. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this standard will have no impact on our diluted earnings per share. We are evaluating the impact of the remaining provisions on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which will largely depend on the composition and terms of the financial instruments at the time of adoption.

Contract Balances

Contract Balances

Contract balances represent amounts presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheets when we have either transferred goods or services to the customer or the customer has paid consideration to us under the contract. These contract balances include accounts receivable, contract assets, and contract liabilities.

Fair Value

GAAP defines fair value as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

We have certain financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, certain nonfinancial assets and liabilities that may be measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, and certain financial assets and liabilities that are not measured at fair value in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, but the fair value is disclosed. The fair value disclosures of these assets and liabilities are based on a three-level hierarchy, which is defined as follows:

•Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

•Level 2 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability

•Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue

The tables below present our revenue disaggregated by major product category and reportable segment.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Supply Chain Services		Software Solutions		Prescription Management		Eliminations		Total
North America	$	512	$	20	$	104	$	(18)	$	618
Europe	404		2		—		(3)		403
APAC & Emerging Markets	106		2		—		—		108
Eliminations	(3)		—		—		—		(3)
Total Net sales	$	1,019	$	24	$	104	$	(21)	$	1,126
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Supply Chain Services		Software Solutions		Prescription Management		Eliminations		Total
North America	$	464	$	20	$	72	$	(13)	$	543
Europe	385		2		—		(3)		384
APAC & Emerging Markets	92		2		—		—		94
Eliminations	(3)		—		—		—		(3)
Total Net sales	$	938	$	24	$	72	$	(16)	$	1,018
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Supply Chain Services		Software Solutions		Prescription Management		Eliminations		Total
North America	$	1,469	$	60	$	298	$	(56)	$	1,771
Europe	1,169		6		—		(9)		1,166
APAC & Emerging Markets	282		6		—		—		288
Eliminations	(8)		—		—		—		(8)
Total Net sales	$	2,912	$	72	$	298	$	(65)	$	3,217
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Supply Chain Services		Software Solutions		Prescription Management		Eliminations		Total
North America	$	1,379	$	62	$	172	$	(21)	$	1,592
Europe	1,117		7		—		(10)		1,114
APAC & Emerging Markets	264		6		—		—		270
Eliminations	(8)		—		—		—		(8)
Total Net sales	$	2,752	$	75	$	172	$	(31)	$	2,968

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Other Intangibles, Net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets

The following table presents the balances within the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of:

	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Gross definite-lived intangible assets	$	997	$	1,001
Accumulated amortization	(456)		(358)
Total Other intangibles, net	$	541	$	643

Finite-lived Intangible Assets Amortization Expense

The following table presents our amortization expense:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Location	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cost of sales	$	1	$	1	$	3	$	3
Selling, general and administrative	33		33		98		90
Total amortization expense	$	34	$	34	$	101	$	93

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Long-term Debt and Other Borrowings, Net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Debt

As of September 30, 2020 Long-term debt and other borrowings, net consisted of the following:

	Commencement Date	Maturity Date	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Revolving line of credit	February 2019	February 2024	$	—	$	—
Term loan payable; quarterly installments of $15 million began March 31, 2020 with remaining principal due at maturity	February 2019	February 2024	1,140		1,200
Loan payable with principal due at maturity	February 2019	March 2023	6		6
Finance lease obligations			1		1
Total debt and other borrowings			1,147		1,207
Less: current maturities			(46)		(62)
Total Long-term debt and other borrowings			1,101		1,145
Less: unamortized debt discount			(19)		(20)
Total Long-term debt and other borrowings, net			$	1,082	$	1,125

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Derivatives and Financial Instruments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Derivative Instruments in Statement of Financial Position, Fair Value

The following table discloses the fair value and balance sheet location of our derivative instruments:

	Liability Derivatives
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments	Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Interest rate swap contracts	Other liabilities	$	6	$	1

Schedule of Derivatives Instruments Statements of Financial Performance and Financial Position, Location

The effect of cash flow hedges on Other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:

		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Cash Flow Hedging Instruments	Location	2020		2019		2020		2019
Interest rate swap contracts	Interest (income) expense	$	3	$	—	$	3	$	—

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Fair Value Fair Value (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the level within the fair value hierarchy:

Liabilities	Level	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Interest rate swap contracts	2	$	6	$	1
Distrivet put option	3	5		—
Total liabilities		$	11	$	1

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Redeemable Non-controlling Interests (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]

Redeemable Non-controlling Interests

The following table presents the components of change and balances of Redeemable non-controlling interests within the condensed consolidated balance sheets as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020		Year Ended December 31, 2019
Balance at beginning of period	$	10	$	92
Decrease due to redemptions	—		(74)
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests	1		(3)
Effect of foreign currency translation (gain) loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests	(2)		1
Change to redemption value	6		(6)
Balance at end of period	$	15	$	10

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table presents the changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of applicable taxes, by component:

	Gain (loss) on derivative instruments		Foreign currency translation gain (loss)		Total
Balance at December 29, 2018	$	—	$	(82)	$	(82)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(1)		(4)		(5)
Reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings	1		—		1
Balance at December 31, 2019	—		(86)		(86)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(8)		(2)		(10)
Reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings	3		2		5
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	(5)	$	(86)	$	(91)

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Income Taxes (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Restatement to Prior Year Income

The impact to our previously issued condensed consolidated financial statements was as follows:

	As of September 30, 2019
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet	Previously Reported		Revision		As Revised
Non-current deferred income tax assets, net (a)	$	38	$	(19)	$	19
Total assets	3,328		(19)		3,309
Deferred income taxes	11		34		45
Total liabilities	1,989		34		2,023
Accumulated deficit	(939)		(53)		(992)
Total shareholders’ equity	1,329		(53)		1,276
Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interests, and shareholders’ equity	$	3,328	$	(19)	$	3,309
(a) Included in Investments and other.
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations	Previously Reported		Revision		As Revised
Income tax benefit (expense)	$	60	$	(53)	$	7
Net income (loss)	(909)		(53)		(962)
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	$	(906)	$	(53)	$	(959)
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Covetrus:
Basic	$	(8.09)	$	(0.47)	$	(8.56)
Diluted	$	(8.09)	$	(0.47)	$	(8.56)
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations	Previously Reported		Revision		As Revised
Income tax benefit (expense)	$	60	$	(53)	$	7
Net income (loss)	(932)		(53)		(985)
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	$	(929)	$	(53)	$	(982)
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Covetrus:
Basic	$	(8.76)	$	(0.50)	$	(9.26)
Diluted	$	(8.76)	$	(0.50)	$	(9.26)

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Earnings (Loss) Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Basic Shares to Diluted Shares

The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic and diluted EPS computation for net income (loss) per share:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions, except per share amounts)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Numerator:
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	$	(35)	$	(959)	$	(15)	$	(982)
Adjustment for:
Dividends declared on Series A preferred stock	(4)		—		(6)		—
Income (loss) available to common shareholders	$	(39)	$	(959)	$	(21)	$	(982)
Denominator:
Basic
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	116		112		113		106
Diluted
Effect of dilutive shares	—		—		—		—
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	116		112		113		106
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Covetrus:
Basic	$	(0.33)	$	(8.56)	$	(0.18)	$	(9.26)
Diluted	$	(0.33)	$	(8.56)	$	(0.18)	$	(9.26)
Potentially dilutive securities (a)	26		6		27		4
(a) Potentially dilutive securities attributable to outstanding convertible Series A Preferred Stock (approximately 73% of the total potentially dilutive securities for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and approximately 74% of the total potentially dilutive securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020), stock options, restricted stock units, restricted stock awards, and performance stock units were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the securities would have had an antidilutive effect.

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Segment Data (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment

The following tables reflect our segment and Corporate information and reconciles Adjusted EBITDA for reportable segments to consolidated Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus:

	At and For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
	North America		Europe		APAC & Emerging Markets		Corporate		Eliminations		Total
Net sales	$	618	$	403	$	108	$	—	$	(3)	$	1,126
Adjusted EBITDA	$	45	$	19	$	8	$	(13)	$	—	$	59
Total assets	$	3,124	$	700	$	173	$	1,169	$	(1,656)	$	3,510
Reconciliation of Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus to Adjusted EBITDA:
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus											$	(35)
Plus: Depreciation and amortization											41
Plus: Interest expense, net											10
Plus: Income tax (benefit) expense											3
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization											19
Plus: Share-based compensation											11
Plus: Strategic consulting											3
Plus: Transaction costs (a)											1
Plus: Separation programs and executive severance											2
Plus: IT infrastructure											1
Plus: Formation of Covetrus (a)											4
Plus: Equity method investment and non-consolidated affiliates (b)											1
Plus: Operating lease right-of-use asset impairment											8
Plus: France managed exit (c)											8
Plus: Other items, net											1
Adjusted EBITDA											$	59
(a) Includes professional and consulting fees, duplicative costs associated with transition service agreements, and other costs incurred in connection with the separation from Former Parent and establishing Covetrus as an independent public company.
(b) Includes the proportionate share of the adjustments to EBITDA of consolidated and non-consolidated affiliates where Covetrus ownership is less than 100%.
(c) Includes $7 million of severance and $1 million of other costs. See Note 3 - Divestiture and Equity Method Investment for further discussion.

	At and For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	North America		Europe		APAC & Emerging Markets		Corporate		Eliminations		Total
Net sales	$	543	$	384	$	94	$	—	$	(3)	$	1,018
Adjusted EBITDA	$	39	$	15	$	5	$	(10)	$	—	$	49
Total assets	$	2,829	$	622	$	121	$	1,108	$	(1,371)	$	3,309
Reconciliation of Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus to Adjusted EBITDA:
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus											$	(959)
Plus: Depreciation and amortization											41
Plus: Interest expense, net											16
Plus: Income tax (benefit) expense											(7)
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization											(909)
Plus: Share-based compensation											10
Plus: Formation of Covetrus (a)											13
Plus: Separation programs and executive severance											1
Plus: IT infrastructure											2
Plus: Goodwill impairment											939
Less: Minority interest in goodwill impairment											(3)
Less: Other items, net											(4)
Adjusted EBITDA											$	49
(a) Includes professional and consulting fees, duplicative costs associated with transition service agreements, and other costs incurred in connection with the separation from Former Parent and establishing Covetrus as an independent public company.

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
	North America		Europe		APAC & Emerging Markets		Corporate		Eliminations		Total
Net sales	$	1,771	$	1,166	$	288	$	—	$	(8)	$	3,217
Adjusted EBITDA	$	141	$	53	$	20	$	(44)	$	—	$	170
Reconciliation of Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus to Adjusted EBITDA:
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus											$	(15)
Plus: Depreciation and amortization											124
Plus: Interest expense, net											37
Plus: Income tax (benefit) expense											6
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization											152
Plus: Share-based compensation											30
Plus: Strategic consulting											13
Plus: Transaction costs (a)											8
Plus: Separation programs and executive severance											4
Plus: IT infrastructure											3
Plus: Formation of Covetrus (b)											17
Plus: Capital structure											2
Plus: Equity method investment and non-consolidated affiliates (c)											1
Plus: Operating lease right-of-use asset impairment											8
Plus: France managed exit (d)											8
Less: Other items, net (e)											(76)
Adjusted EBITDA											$	170
(a) Includes legal, accounting, tax, and other professional fees incurred in connection with acquisitions and divestitures.
(b) Includes professional and consulting fees, duplicative costs associated with transition service agreements, and other costs incurred in connection with the separation from Former Parent and establishing Covetrus as an independent public company.
(c) Includes the proportionate share of the adjustments to EBITDA of consolidated and non-consolidated affiliates where Covetrus ownership is less than 100%.
(d) Includes $7 million of severance and $1 million of other costs. See Note 3 - Divestiture and Equity Method Investment for further discussion.
(e) Includes a pre-tax gain of $72 million from the sale of scil and a $1 million gain on the deconsolidation of SAHS. See Note 3 - Divestiture and Equity Method Investment.

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	North America		Europe		APAC & Emerging Markets		Corporate		Eliminations		Total
Net sales	$	1,592	$	1,114	$	270	$	—	$	(8)	$	2,968
Adjusted EBITDA	$	117	$	50	$	13	$	(27)	$	—	$	153
Reconciliation of Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus to Adjusted EBITDA:
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus											$	(982)
Plus: Depreciation and amortization											113
Plus: Interest expense, net											41
Plus: Income tax (benefit) expense											(7)
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization											(835)
Plus: Share-based compensation											35
Plus: Formation of Covetrus (a)											26
Plus: Separation programs and executive severance											1
Plus: Carve-out operating expenses											5
Plus: IT infrastructure											4
Plus: Goodwill impairment											939
Less: Minority interest in goodwill impairment											(3)
Less: Other items, net											(19)
Adjusted EBITDA											$	153
(a) Includes professional and consulting fees, duplicative costs associated with transition service agreements, and other costs incurred in connection with the separation from Former Parent and establishing Covetrus as an independent public company.

See Note 4 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers for our revenue disaggregated by major product category and reportable segment.

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Business Overview and Significant Accounting Policies (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Tax valuation allowance adjustment	$ 53,000,000

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Divestiture and Equity Method Investment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions			3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2021	Apr. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Apr. 01, 2020	Jan. 13, 2020
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Put and call options exercisable, percent						49.99%
Facility Closing
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Severance benefits			$ 7	$ 7
Inventory Write-down			1
Animal Care Business | Disposal Group, Held-for-sale, Not Discontinued Operations
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Purchase price					$ 110
Pre-tax gain on divestiture				72
Foreign exchange adjustment			1
Distrivet
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Payments to acquire businesses, gross		$ 11
Ownership interest		50.01%
Forecast | Subsequent Event | Distrivet
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Payments to acquire businesses, gross	$ 11
Investments and Other | Distrivet
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Equity method investments			45	45
Other, Net | Distrivet
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Realized gain (loss) on disposal				1
Equity method investment, fair value disclosure			$ 49	$ 49

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 1,126	$ 1,018	$ 3,217	$ 2,968
North America
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	618	543	1,771	1,592
Europe
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	403	384	1,166	1,114
APAC & Emerging Markets
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	108	94	288	270
Operating Segments | North America
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	618	543	1,771	1,592
Operating Segments | Europe
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	403	384	1,166	1,114
Operating Segments | APAC & Emerging Markets
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	108	94	288	270
Operating Segments | Supply Chain Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	1,019	938	2,912	2,752
Operating Segments | Supply Chain Services | North America
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	512	464	1,469	1,379
Operating Segments | Supply Chain Services | Europe
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	404	385	1,169	1,117
Operating Segments | Supply Chain Services | APAC & Emerging Markets
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	106	92	282	264
Operating Segments | Software Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	24	24	72	75
Operating Segments | Software Solutions | North America
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	20	20	60	62
Operating Segments | Software Solutions | Europe
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	2	2	6	7
Operating Segments | Software Solutions | APAC & Emerging Markets
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	2	2	6	6
Operating Segments | Prescription Management
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	104	72	298	172
Operating Segments | Prescription Management | North America
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	104	72	298	172
Operating Segments | Prescription Management | Europe
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	0	0	0	0
Operating Segments | Prescription Management | APAC & Emerging Markets
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	0	0	0	0
Eliminations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	(21)	(16)	(65)	(31)
Eliminations | North America
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	(18)	(13)	(56)	(21)
Eliminations | Europe
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	(3)	(3)	(9)	(10)
Eliminations | APAC & Emerging Markets
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	0	0	0	0
Eliminations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	(3)	(3)	(8)	(8)
Eliminations | Supply Chain Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	(3)	(3)	(8)	(8)
Eliminations | Software Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	0	0	0	0
Eliminations | Prescription Management
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Current contract liabilities	$ 15	$ 37

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Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities		$ 60	$ 91
Office space | Arizona
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$ 19
Term of contract	14 years

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Other Intangibles, Net - Finite Lived Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Gross definite-lived intangible assets	$ 997	$ 1,001
Accumulated amortization	(456)	(358)
Total Other intangibles, net	$ 541	$ 643

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Other Intangibles, Net - Amortization of Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Total amortization expense	$ 34	$ 34	$ 101	$ 93
Cost of sales
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Total amortization expense	1	1	3	3
Selling, general and administrative
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Total amortization expense	$ 33	$ 33	$ 98	$ 90

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Long-term Debt and Other Borrowings, Net - Schedule of Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended
	Apr. 10, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayments of debt	$ 45
Total debt and other borrowings			$ 1,147	$ 1,207
Less: current maturities			(46)	(62)
Total Long-term debt and other borrowings			1,101	1,145
Less: unamortized debt discount			(19)	(20)
Total Long-term debt and other borrowings			1,082	1,125
Forecast
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayments of debt		$ 15
Finance lease obligations
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Finance lease obligations			1	1
Notes Payable to Banks | Term loan payable; quarterly installments of $15 million began March 31, 2020 with remaining principal due at maturity
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt			1,140	1,200
Quarterly installment payment, amount			15
Notes Payable to Banks | Loan payable with principal due at maturity
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt			6	6
Revolving Facility | Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt			$ 0	$ 0

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Long-term Debt and Other Borrowings, Net - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended
	Apr. 10, 2020 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Feb. 29, 2020
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Repayments of debt	$ 45
Forecast
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Repayments of debt		$ 15
Notes Payable to Banks | Term loan payable; quarterly installments of $15 million began March 31, 2020 with remaining principal due at maturity
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Quarterly installment payment, amount			$ 15
Credit Agreement | Syndicated Credit Agreement 2019
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Leverage ratio			5.00	5.50
Revolving Facility | Credit Agreement
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Remaining borrowing capacity			$ 299

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Derivatives and Financial Instruments - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Derivative [Line Items]
Net amount of deferred losses on cash flow hedges that are expected to be reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into Interest expense within the next 12 months	$ (6)
Cash Flow Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument | Interest rate swap contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount		$ 500
Minimum | Cash Flow Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument | Interest rate swap contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Forward interest rate	1.63%
Maximum | Cash Flow Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument | Interest rate swap contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Forward interest rate	1.70%

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Derivatives and Financial Instruments - Balance Sheet Location (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Fair Value, Recurring | Cash Flow Hedging | Interest rate swap contracts | Other Noncurrent Liabilities
Derivative [Line Items]
Interest rate swap contracts	$ 6	$ 1

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Derivatives and Financial Instruments - Income Statement Location (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Cash Flow Hedging | Interest (income) expense | Interest rate swap contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Interest rate swap contracts	$ 3	$ 0	$ 3	$ 0

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Fair Value - Narrative and Schedule Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($) swap	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($) swap	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Number of interest rate swap contracts | swap	5	5
Liabilities:
Operating lease right-of-use asset impairment	$ 8,000,000	$ 8,000,000	$ 0
Operating lease, right-of-use asset fair value	118,000,000	118,000,000		$ 84,000,000
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2
Liabilities:
Interest rate swap contracts	11,000,000	11,000,000		1,000,000
Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Level 3 | North America
Liabilities:
Operating lease right-of-use asset impairment	8,000,000
Operating lease, right-of-use asset fair value	8,000,000	8,000,000
Interest rate swap contracts | Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2
Liabilities:
Interest rate swap contracts	6,000,000	6,000,000		1,000,000
Put Option | Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2
Liabilities:
Interest rate swap contracts	$ 5,000,000	$ 5,000,000		$ 0

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2020	Feb. 29, 2020
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Unrecorded unconditional purchase obligation	$ 38			$ 44
Purchases in the period	6
Remaining commitment	38
Purchase obligation, fixed fee cap		$ 14
Purchase obligation, variable fee cap		39
Future contingent termination fees, period two		12
Future contingent termination fees, period three		14
Purchase Obligation, Fixed Fees Incurred	3	$ 2
Purchase Obligation, Variable Fees Incurred	$ 10
Unconditional purchase obligation, term	3 years
Forecast
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Unconditional purchase obligation for 2020			$ 8

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Redeemable Non-controlling Interests - Summary of Redeemable Non-controlling Interests (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 10	$ 92
Decrease due to redemptions	0	(74)
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests	1	(3)
Effect of foreign currency translation (gain) loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests	(2)	1
Change to redemption value	6	(6)
Balance at end of period	$ 15	$ 10

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Redeemable Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (Details)				3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 09, 2020 $ / shares shares	May 19, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Apr. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($) Designees $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 04, 2020 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2019 $ / shares shares
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Preferred stock shares issued (in shares) | shares				90,632	90,632			90,632
Preferred stock par value (in dollars per share)				$ 0.01	$ 0.01			$ 0.01
Conversion price, percent	200.00%
Dividends | $				$ 4,000,000	$ 6,000,000	$ 1,174,000,000
Cumulative dividends | $				$ 0	$ 0
Number of designees to board of directors | Designees					2
Private Placement | Series A Preferred Stock
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Net proceeds from private placement | $			$ 244,000,000
Investment Agreement | Private Placement | Series A Preferred Stock | CD&R VFC Holdings, L.P.
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Preferred stock shares issued (in shares) | shares		250,000
Preferred stock, dividend rate, percentage	7.50%	7.50%
Preferred stock par value (in dollars per share)		$ 0.01
Proceeds from issuance of private placement | $		$ 250,000,000
Proceeds from issuance of private placement, per share		$ 1,000
Share price (in dollars per share)	$ 11.10
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued upon conversion | shares	14,400,000
Shares reserved for future issuance | shares	90,632
Investment Agreement | Private Placement | Common Stock | CD&R VFC Holdings, L.P.
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Share price (in dollars per share)	$ 22.20						$ 22.29

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 1,256	$ 1,494
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(10)	(5)
Reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings	5	1
Ending balance	1,416	1,256
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	0	0
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(8)	(1)
Reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings	3	1
Ending balance	(5)	0
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(86)	(82)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(2)	(4)
Reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings	2	0
Ending balance	$ (86)	$ (86)

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Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax expense (benefit)	$ 3	$ (7)	$ 6	$ (7)
Income (loss) before taxes and equity in earnings of affiliates	$ (32)	$ (969)	$ (8)	$ (992)
Effective tax rate	(8.00%)	0.80%	(90.60%)	0.70%

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Income Taxes - Restatement Adjustment (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 29, 2018
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Total assets		$ 3,510	$ 3,309	$ 3,510	$ 3,309		$ 3,361
Deferred taxes		39		39			47
Liabilities		1,991		1,991			2,095
Accumulated deficit		(1,061)		(1,061)			(1,040)
Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent		1,416	1,276	1,416	1,276	$ 1,276	1,256	$ 2,248	$ 1,494
Liabilities and Equity		3,510		3,510			$ 3,361
Income tax benefit (expense)		(3)	7	(6)	7
Net income (loss)		(35)	(962)	(14)	(985)
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	[1]	$ (35)	$ (959)	$ (15)	$ (982)
Basic (in usd per share)		$ (0.33)	$ (8.56)	$ (0.18)	$ (9.26)
Diluted (in usd per share)		$ (0.33)	$ (8.56)	$ (0.18)	$ (9.26)
Reclassification, Other
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Non-current deferred income tax assets, net			$ 19		$ 19
Total assets			3,309		3,309
Deferred taxes			45		45
Liabilities			2,023		2,023
Accumulated deficit			(992)		(992)
Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent			1,276		1,276
Liabilities and Equity			3,309		3,309
Income tax benefit (expense)			7		7
Net income (loss)			(962)		(985)
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus			$ (959)		$ (982)
Basic (in usd per share)			$ (8.56)		$ (9.26)
Diluted (in usd per share)			$ (8.56)		$ (9.26)
Previously Reported | Reclassification, Other
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Non-current deferred income tax assets, net			$ 38		$ 38
Total assets			3,328		3,328
Deferred taxes			11		11
Liabilities			1,989		1,989
Accumulated deficit			(939)		(939)
Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent			1,329		1,329
Liabilities and Equity			3,328		3,328
Income tax benefit (expense)			60		60
Net income (loss)			(909)		(932)
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus			$ (906)		$ (929)
Basic (in usd per share)			$ (8.09)		$ (8.76)
Diluted (in usd per share)			$ (8.09)		$ (8.76)
Revision | Reclassification, Other
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Non-current deferred income tax assets, net			$ (19)		$ (19)
Total assets			(19)		(19)
Deferred taxes			34		34
Liabilities			34		34
Accumulated deficit			(53)		(53)
Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent			(53)		(53)
Liabilities and Equity			(19)		(19)
Income tax benefit (expense)			(53)		(53)
Net income (loss)			(53)		(53)
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus			$ (53)		$ (53)
Basic (in usd per share)			$ (0.47)		$ (0.50)
Diluted (in usd per share)			$ (0.47)		$ (0.50)

[1] (a) Net income earned from January 1, 2019 through February 7, 2019 is attributed to the Former Parent as it was the sole shareholder prior to February 7, 2019.

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Earnings (Loss) Per Share - Narrative (Details) - CD&R VFC Holdings, L.P. - Series A Preferred Stock - Private Placement - Investment Agreement - shares shares in Millions	Sep. 09, 2020	May 19, 2020
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Preferred stock, dividend rate, percentage	7.50%	7.50%
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued upon conversion	14.4

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Earnings (Loss) Per Share - Reconciliation of Basic Shares to Diluted Shares (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	[1]	$ (35)	$ (959)	$ (15)	$ (982)
Dividends declared on Series A preferred stock		(4)	0	(6)	0
Income (loss) available to common shareholders		$ (39)	$ (959)	$ (21)	$ (982)
Basic shares (in shares)		116	112	113	106
Effect of dilutive shares (in shares)		0	0	0	0
Diluted shares (in shares)		116	112	113	106
Basic (in usd per share)		$ (0.33)	$ (8.56)	$ (0.18)	$ (9.26)
Diluted (in usd per share)		$ (0.33)	$ (8.56)	$ (0.18)	$ (9.26)
Potential dilutive securities		26	6	27	4
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation, Dilutive Securities, Percent of Total		73.00%
Series A Preferred Stock
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation, Dilutive Securities, Percent of Total				74.00%

[1] (a) Net income earned from January 1, 2019 through February 7, 2019 is attributed to the Former Parent as it was the sole shareholder prior to February 7, 2019.

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Related Party Disclosures (Details)	Sep. 30, 2020
CD&R VFC Holdings, L.P. | CD&R VFC Holdings, L.P.
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Ownership percentage by noncontrolling owners	19.99%

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Segment Data - Operating Results by Segment (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales		$ 1,126,000,000	$ 1,018,000,000	$ 3,217,000,000	$ 2,968,000,000
Adjusted EBITDA		59,000,000	49,000,000	170,000,000	153,000,000
Total assets		3,510,000,000	3,309,000,000	3,510,000,000	3,309,000,000	$ 3,361,000,000
Net income (loss) attributable to Covetrus	[1]	(35,000,000)	(959,000,000)	(15,000,000)	(982,000,000)
Plus: Depreciation and amortization		41,000,000	41,000,000	124,000,000	113,000,000
Plus: Interest expense, net		10,000,000	16,000,000	37,000,000	41,000,000
Plus: Income tax (benefit) expense		3,000,000	(7,000,000)	6,000,000	(7,000,000)
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization		19,000,000	(909,000,000)	152,000,000	(835,000,000)
Plus: Share-based compensation		11,000,000	10,000,000	30,000,000	35,000,000
Plus: Strategic consulting		3,000,000		13,000,000
Plus: Transaction costs		1,000,000		8,000,000
Plus: Separation programs and executive severance		2,000,000	1,000,000	4,000,000	1,000,000
Plus: IT infrastructure		1,000,000	2,000,000	3,000,000	4,000,000
Plus: Formation of Covetrus		4,000,000	13,000,000	17,000,000	26,000,000
Plus: Capital structure				2,000,000	5,000,000
Plus: Equity method investment and non-consolidated affiliates		1,000,000		1,000,000
Plus: Operating lease right-of-use asset impairment		8,000,000		8,000,000	0
Loss on managed exit of a business		8,000,000		8,000,000	0
Plus: Goodwill impairment		0	939,000,000	0	939,000,000
Less: Minority interest in goodwill impairment			(3,000,000)		(3,000,000)
Plus: Other items, net		1,000,000	(4,000,000)	(76,000,000)	(19,000,000)
Adjusted EBITDA		59,000,000	49,000,000	170,000,000	153,000,000
Assets held-for-sale, not part of disposal group		72,000,000		72,000,000
Facility Closing
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Inventory Write-down		1,000,000
Severance benefits		7,000,000		7,000,000
Distrivet | Other, Net
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Realized gain (loss) on disposal				1,000,000
Corporate
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales		0	0	0	0
Adjusted EBITDA		(13,000,000)	(10,000,000)	(44,000,000)	(27,000,000)
Total assets		1,169,000,000	1,108,000,000	1,169,000,000	1,108,000,000
Adjusted EBITDA		(13,000,000)	(10,000,000)	(44,000,000)	(27,000,000)
Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales		(3,000,000)	(3,000,000)	(8,000,000)	(8,000,000)
Adjusted EBITDA		0	0	0	0
Total assets		(1,656,000,000)	(1,371,000,000)	(1,656,000,000)	(1,371,000,000)
Adjusted EBITDA		0	0	0	0
North America
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales		618,000,000	543,000,000	1,771,000,000	1,592,000,000
North America | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales		618,000,000	543,000,000	1,771,000,000	1,592,000,000
Adjusted EBITDA		45,000,000	39,000,000	141,000,000	117,000,000
Total assets		3,124,000,000	2,829,000,000	3,124,000,000	2,829,000,000
Adjusted EBITDA		45,000,000	39,000,000	141,000,000	117,000,000
Europe
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales		403,000,000	384,000,000	1,166,000,000	1,114,000,000
Europe | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales		403,000,000	384,000,000	1,166,000,000	1,114,000,000
Adjusted EBITDA		19,000,000	15,000,000	53,000,000	50,000,000
Total assets		700,000,000	622,000,000	700,000,000	622,000,000
Adjusted EBITDA		19,000,000	15,000,000	53,000,000	50,000,000
APAC & Emerging Markets
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales		108,000,000	94,000,000	288,000,000	270,000,000
APAC & Emerging Markets | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales		108,000,000	94,000,000	288,000,000	270,000,000
Adjusted EBITDA		8,000,000	5,000,000	20,000,000	13,000,000
Total assets		173,000,000	121,000,000	173,000,000	121,000,000
Adjusted EBITDA		$ 8,000,000	$ 5,000,000	$ 20,000,000	$ 13,000,000

[1] (a) Net income earned from January 1, 2019 through February 7, 2019 is attributed to the Former Parent as it was the sole shareholder prior to February 7, 2019.

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Subsequent Events (Details) - Veterinary Study Groups, Inc. $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Oct. 09, 2020 managementGroups
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Revenue | $	$ 12
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of veterinary management groups		50
Number of members		1,100
Number of veterinary practices		1,500