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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was an expense of $5 million on a loss before taxes of $5 million for a consolidated effective tax rate of (100.0)%. The provision for income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was an expense of $1 million on a loss before taxes of $22 million for a consolidated effective tax rate of (4.5)%.

The provision for income taxes for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was an expense of $8 million on income before taxes of $38 million for a consolidated effective tax rate of 21.1%. The provision for income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was an expense of $14 million on income before taxes of $72 million for a consolidated effective tax rate of 19.4%.

The difference between our effective tax rate and the federal statutory tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 primarily relates to non-deductible stock compensation expense and the federal tax impact of international operations included as Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) and limitations on the ability to utilize associated foreign tax credits.