The consolidated financial statements include accounts of Rhinebeck Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”), a stock holding company, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Rhinebeck Bank (the “Bank”), a New York chartered stock savings bank and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. The primary purpose of the Company is to act as a holding company for the Bank. The Bank provides a full range of banking and financial services to consumer and commercial customers through its fifteen branches and two representative offices located in Dutchess, Ulster, Orange, and Albany counties. Financial services including investment advisory and financial product sales are offered through a division of the Bank doing business as Rhinebeck Asset Management (“RAM”).

A description of the Company’s significant accounting policies are presented below.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) and general practices within the banking industry. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, as of the date of the consolidated statements of financial condition and reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, fair value measurements, the evaluation of goodwill for impairment and the valuation of deferred tax assets.

The Company has evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition and/or disclosure through the date these financial statements were issued.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

On March 12, 2021, the Bank completed a branch purchase and assumption transaction with ConnectOne Bank. Management concluded that the acquisition represented a business combination, which is accounted for using the acquisition method, with the results of operations included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of the acquisition date. For additional information, see Note 2.

Most of the Company’s activities are with customers located in the New York State counties of Dutchess, Ulster, Orange, and Albany. Although the Company has a diversified loan portfolio, a substantial portion of its customers’ abilities to repay their loans is dependent on the economic conditions in the market areas in which the Company operates.

Cash and due from banks and federal funds sold are recognized as cash equivalents in the consolidated statements of financial condition and cash flows. Federal funds sold generally mature in one day. The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Debt securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as “held to maturity” and are recorded at amortized cost. “Trading” securities, if any, are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recognized in earnings. Securities not classified as held to maturity or trading are classified as “available for sale” and are recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes. Purchase discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the contractual terms of the security. Purchase premiums are recognized in interest income using the interest method to the instrument’s earliest call date. Realized gains and losses on the sale of securities are recorded on the trade date and are determined using the specific identification method.

The Company evaluates securities for other-than temporary impairment on a regular basis. The evaluation considers several factors including the amount of the unrealized loss, the period of time the security has been in a loss position and the credit standing of the issuer. When the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis, the credit loss determined due to a permanent impairment will be recognized in earnings. The credit loss component recognized is identified as the amount of future principal cash flows not expected to be received over the remaining term of the security as projected based on cash flow estimates discounted at the applicable original yield of the security.

The Company is required to maintain an investment in capital stock of the FHLB, as collateral, in an amount equal to a certain percentage of its outstanding debt. FHLB stock is considered restricted stock and is carried at cost.

Loans that the Company has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff generally are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances adjusted for unearned income, including any allowance for loan losses and any unamortized deferred fees or costs.

Interest income is accrued based on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and amortized using the interest method over the respective term of the loan.

The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due. Consumer automobile and installment loans are typically charged off no later than 180 days past due. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on non-accrual status or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.

All interest accrued, but not collected, for loans that are placed on non-accrual status or charged off, is reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is not recognized until the loan returns to accrual status. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

The allowance for loan losses is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management determines all or part of the loan balance is uncollectible. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a quarterly basis by management and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the size and composition of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

The allowance calculation methodology involves segregation of the total loan portfolio. The Company’s loans receivable portfolio is comprised of the following segments: commercial real estate, residential real estate, commercial and industrial and consumer. The segments of the Company’s loans receivable portfolio are further disaggregated into classes based on identified risks within those segments. This allows management to better monitor risk and performance.

Commercial real estate loans are separated into the three classes: construction, non-residential and multi-family. Non-residential and multi-family loans include long-term loans financing commercial properties and include both owner and non-owner occupied properties. The underlying cash flows generated by the properties may be negatively impacted by increased vacancy rates due to a downturn in the economy. Construction loans, which include land loans, are comprised mostly of non-owner occupied projects, whereby the property is generally under development and tends to have more risk than the owner occupied loans. The Company grants loans for the construction of residential homes, residential developments and land development projects. Repayment of these loans is mostly dependent upon either the ongoing cash flows of the borrowing entity or the resale or lease of the subject property.

Residential real estate loans are secured by the borrower’s residential real estate generally in a first lien position. Residential mortgages have varying loan interest rates depending on the financial condition of the borrower, the loan to value ratio and the term of the loan. The overall health of the economy, reflected in unemployment rates and housing prices, will have an effect on the credit quality of this segment.

The commercial and industrial loan segment consists of loans made for purposes of financing the activities of commercial customers. The assets financed through commercial and industrial loans are used within the business for its ongoing operations. Repayment of commercial and industrial loans predominately comes from the cash flows of the business or the ongoing operations of assets. A weakened economy and resultant decreased consumer spending could have a negative impact on this line of business.

Consumer loans are classified into the following three classes: indirect automobile loans, home equity loans and other consumer loans. Indirect automobile loans are secured by the borrowers’ automobiles and originated through the Company’s relationships with the automobile dealers in the Company’s service area. Home equity loans are secured by the borrowers’ residential real estate in a first or second lien position. Other direct consumer loans may be unsecured. The overall health of the economy, reflected in unemployment rates and housing prices, will have an impact on the credit quality of this segment.

The Company has established credit policies applicable to each type of lending activity in which it engages. The Company evaluates the creditworthiness of each customer and, in most cases, extends credit of up to 80% of the market value of the collateral at the date of the credit extension, depending on the borrower’s creditworthiness and the type of collateral. The Company’s credit policies determine advance rates against the different forms of collateral that can be pledged against commercial and industrial and commercial real estate loans. Typically, the majority of loans will be limited to a percentage of their underlying collateral values such as real estate values, automobiles, equipment, eligible accounts receivable and inventory. Individual loan advance rates may be higher or lower depending upon the financial strength of the borrower, past experience with the borrower, the nature of the collateral, competitive offerings and/or the term of the loan.

The market value of collateral is monitored on an ongoing basis and additional collateral may be obtained when warranted. While collateral provides some assurance as a secondary source of repayment, the Company ordinarily

requires the primary source of repayment to be based on the borrower’s ability to generate continuing sufficient cash flows. The Company’s policy for real estate collateral requires that, generally, the amount of the loan may not exceed 90% of the original appraised value of the property. Private mortgage insurance is usually required for that portion of the loan in excess of 80% of the appraised value of the property.

The allowance calculation methodology includes further segregation of loan classes into risk rating categories. The borrower’s overall financial condition, repayment sources, guarantors and value of collateral, if appropriate, are evaluated at least quarterly or when credit deficiencies arise, such as when loan payments are delinquent. Credit quality risk ratings include regulatory classifications of special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss. Loans classified as special mention have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If uncorrected, the potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects. Loans classified substandard have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They include loans that are inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified substandard with the added characteristic that collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of current conditions and facts, is highly improbable. Loans classified as a loss are considered uncollectible and are charged to the allowance for loan losses. Loans not classified are rated pass.

The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are considered impaired. For such impaired loans, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or observable market price or collateral value if the loan is collateral dependent) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component covers all other loans, segregated generally by loan type and is based on historical loss experience with adjustments for qualitative factors which are made after an assessment of internal or external influences on credit quality that are not fully reflected in the historical loss data.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value

and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls are not necessarily classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis for commercial and real estate loans by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable net market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. The estimated fair values of substantially all of the Company’s impaired loans are measured based on the estimated fair value of the loan’s collateral.

For loans secured by real estate, estimated fair values are determined primarily through third-party appraisals. When a real estate secured loan becomes impaired, a decision is made regarding whether an updated certified appraisal of the real estate is necessary. This decision is based on various considerations, including the size of the loan, age of the most recent appraisal, the loan-to-value ratio based on the original appraisal and the condition of the property. If liquidation is expected, appraised values are discounted for expected sales costs to arrive at the estimated recognizable value of the collateral, which is considered to be the estimated fair value. The recorded investment in consumer mortgages and loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process was $935 and $636 on December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

For loans secured by non-real estate collateral, such as accounts receivable, inventory and equipment, estimated fair values are determined based on the borrower’s financial statements, inventory reports, accounts receivable aging or equipment appraisals or invoices. Indications of value from these sources are generally discounted based on the age of the financial information or the quality of the assets.

The evaluation of the need and amount of the allowance for impaired loans and whether a loan can be removed from impairment status is made on a quarterly basis. The Company’s policy for recognizing interest income on impaired loans does not differ from its overall policy for interest recognition.

The Company may grant a concession or modification for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial condition that it would not otherwise consider resulting in a modified loan which is then identified as a TDR. These concessions could include a reduction in the interest rate on the loan, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection. Loan modifications are intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral. TDRs are considered impaired loans for purposes of calculating the Company’s allowance for loan losses.

The Company identifies loans for potential restructure primarily through direct communication with the borrower and evaluation of the borrower’s financial statements, revenue projections, tax returns and credit reports. Even if the borrower is not presently in default, management will consider the likelihood that cash flow shortages, adverse economic conditions, negative trends, or specific conditions may result in a payment default in the near future.

Regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s allowance for loan losses and may require the Company to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination, which may not be currently available to management. Based on management’s comprehensive analysis of the loan portfolio, management believes the current level of the allowance for loan losses is adequate.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative financial instruments are recognized as assets and liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition and measured at fair value.

Loan Level Interest Rate Swaps — The Company enters into interest rate swaps with commercial loan customers to synthetically convert the customer’s loan from a variable rate to a fixed rate. These swaps are matched in offsetting terms to swaps that the Company enters into with an outside third party. The swaps are reported at fair value in other assets and other liabilities. The Company’s swaps qualify as derivatives, but are not designated as hedging instruments, thus any net gain or loss resulting from changes in the fair value is recognized in other non-interest income.

Loans Held for Sale

Loans held for sale are those mortgage loans the Company has the intent to sell in the foreseeable future and are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or market value, with valuation changes recorded in noninterest income. Gains and losses on sales of loans are recognized at the trade dates and are determined by the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying value of the loans.

Mortgage loans held for sale are generally sold with the mortgage servicing rights retained by the Company. Mortgage service rights are recorded and amortized over the life of the loan.

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company — put presumptively beyond the reach of the transferor and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets and (3) the transferor does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through either (a) an agreement that both entitles and obligates the transferor to repurchase or redeem the assets before maturity or (b) the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific assets, other than through a cleanup call.

During the normal course of business, the Company may transfer a portion of a financial asset, for example, a participation loan or the government guaranteed portion of a loan. In order to be eligible for sales treatment, the transfer of the portion of the loan must meet the criteria of a participating interest. If it does not meet the criteria of a participating interest, the transfer must be accounted for as a secured borrowing. In order to meet the criteria for a participating interest, all cash flows from the loan must be divided proportionately, the rights of each loan holder must have the same priority, the loan holders must have no recourse to the transferor other than standard representations and warranties and no loan holder has the right to pledge or exchange the entire loan.

Servicing

Servicing assets are recognized as separate assets developed through the sale of residential mortgages. Servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value with the income statement effect recorded in gain or loss on sales of loans. Fair value is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income, such as the cost to service, the discount rate, the custodial earnings rate, an inflation rate, ancillary income, prepayment speeds and default rates and losses. Capitalized servicing rights are reported in other assets and are amortized into noninterest income in proportion to and over the period of the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying financial assets.

Servicing assets are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to amortized cost. Impairment is determined by stratifying rights by predominant risk characteristics, such as interest rates and terms. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance and charged to noninterest income, to the extent that fair value is less than the capitalized amount. If the Company later determines that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists, a reduction of the allowance may be recorded as an increase to income.

Revenue Recognition

The Company generally fully satisfies its performance obligations on its contracts with customers as services are rendered and the transaction prices are typically fixed; charged either on a periodic basis or based on activity. Because performance obligations are satisfied as services are rendered and the transaction prices are fixed, there is little judgment involved in applying Topic 606 that significantly affects the determination of the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with customers. The main types of revenue contracts included in non-interest income within the consolidated statements of operations are as follows:

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Fees for services to customers include service charges on deposits which are included as liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial condition and consist of transaction-based fees: stop payment fees, Automated Clearing House (ACH) fees, account maintenance fees, wire fees, official check fees and overdraft services fees for various retail and business checking customers. These fees are charged as earned on the day of the transaction or within the month of the service. Service charges on deposits are withdrawn directly from the customer’s account balance. ATM and debit card fees are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that is the point in time the Company fulfills the customer’s request. Sales of checks to depositors earn fees as a contractual discount to the retail price of the sale from a third-party provider. These fees earned are remitted by the third-party to the Company quarterly.

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The Company earns interchange fee income from credit/debit cardholder transactions conducted through MasterCard payment networks. Interchange fees from cardholder transactions represent a percentage of the underlying transaction value and are recognized monthly, concurrently with the transaction processing services provided to the cardholder within the month.

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The Company records a gain or loss from the sale of OREO when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed; at such time, the OREO asset is derecognized and the gain or loss on the sale is recorded. Rental income received from leased OREO property is recognized during the month it is earned.

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Retail brokerage and advisory fee income is accrued monthly to properly record the revenues in the month they are earned. Advisory fees are collected in advance on a quarterly basis. These advisory fees are recorded in the first month of the quarter for which the service is being performed. Investments into mutual funds and annuities generate fees that are recorded as revenue at the time of the initial sale. In subsequent years the mutual funds and variable annuities generate recurring fees (referred to as 12B-1 fees) that are paid in advance on the anniversary of the original transaction. Fees that are transaction based are recognized at the point in time that the transaction is executed (i.e., trade date). Life insurance products are sold on a commission basis that generates a fee that is recorded as revenue within the month of the approved transaction.

Other income includes rental income, mortgage origination and service fees and late fees on serviced mortgages. All items are recorded as revenue within the month that the service is provided.

Other Real Estate Owned

Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value less cost to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in operations. Costs relating to the development and improvement of the property are capitalized, subject to the resulting limit of fair value of the collateral. Gains or losses are included in operations upon disposal. Other real estate owned included $139 of commercial property on December 31, 2020. All of our other real estate owned had been sold by December 31, 2021.

Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is charged to operations using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the improvements’ estimated economic lives or the related lease terms. Gains and losses on dispositions are recognized upon realization. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred and improvements are capitalized. Rent expense is charged to operations over the expected lease term using the straight-line method.

Bank-Owned Life Insurance

The Company purchased bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”) on a chosen group of employees and directors. The Company is the owner and sole beneficiary of the policies. Earnings from BOLI are recognized as part of noninterest income. BOLI is carried at cash surrender value. Death benefit proceeds received in excess of the policies cash surrender values are recognized in income upon receipt. The Company does not intend to surrender these policies and, accordingly, no deferred taxes have been provided.

Goodwill and Amortizable Intangible Assets

The excess of the purchase price of an acquisition over the net fair value of the identifiable tangible and intangible assets and liabilities is assigned to goodwill. Goodwill is not amortizable, but is subject to at least an annual assessment, or more frequently in the presence of certain circumstances, for impairment.

Other intangible assets are stated at cost, less accumulated amortization and consist of purchased customer accounts and core deposit intangibles. Purchased customer accounts primarily consist of records and files that contain information about investment holdings. Core deposit intangibles represent the estimated fair value of acquired customer deposit relationships. These assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the related estimated lives of 13 years. In the presence of certain circumstances, intangible assets may be assessed for impairment as well. Impairment exists when carrying value exceeds its fair value. In such circumstances a charge for the relevant impairment is recognized and the net book value is reduced to the appropriate value.

Employee Benefit Plans

The Bank maintains the Rhinebeck Bank 401(k) Plan (the “401(k) Plan”) for substantially all of its employees, a defined benefit pension plan (frozen as of June 30, 2012), as well as Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans (the “SERPs”), all of which are tax qualified under the Internal Revenue Code.

Employee 401(k) plan expense is the amount of matching contributions. Pension expense is the net of service and interest cost, return on plan assets and amortization of gains and losses not immediately recognized. SERP expense is the net of interest cost and service cost, which allocates the benefits over years of service.

We account for benefits under the defined plan in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 715 “Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits.” The guidance requires an employer to: (1) recognize in its statement of financial position the over funded or underfunded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligation; (2) measure a plan’s assets and its obligations that determine its funded status as of the end of the employer’s fiscal year (with limited exceptions); and (3) recognize as a component of other comprehensive income, net of tax, the actuarial gains and losses and the prior service costs and credits that arise during the period.

The Bank created an employee stock ownership plan (the “ESOP”) for the benefit of employees who meet certain eligibility requirements. Compensation expense for the ESOP is recorded at an amount equal to the shares allocated by the ESOP multiplied by the average fair market value of the shares during the period. The Company recognizes compensation expense ratably over the year based upon the Company’s estimate of the number of shares expected to be allocated by the ESOP. Unearned compensation applicable to the ESOP is reflected as a reduction of stockholders’ equity in the consolidated statements of financial condition. The difference between the average fair market value and the cost of the shares allocated by the ESOP is recorded as an adjustment to additional paid-in capital.

The Company maintains an equity incentive plan to provide for issuance or granting of shares of common stock for stock options or restricted stock. The Company has recorded stock-based employee compensation cost using the fair value method as allowed under generally accepted accounting principles. Management estimated the fair values of all option grants using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Management estimated the expected life of the options using the simplified method as allowed under generally accepted accounting principles. The risk-free rate was determined utilizing the treasury yield for the expected life of the option contract.

Income Taxes

The Company recognizes income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

When tax returns are filed, it is highly expected that most positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others may be subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the consolidated financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. The Company has no liabilities for uncertain tax positions at December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits, if any, would be classified in other non-interest expense in the consolidated statements of income.

Earnings Per Share (“EPS”)

Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed in a manner similar to that of basic earnings per share except that the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding is increased to include the number of incremental common shares that would have been outstanding under the treasury stock method if all potentially dilutive common shares (such as stock options) issued became vested during the period. Unallocated common shares held by the ESOP are not included in the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for either the basic or diluted earnings per share calculations. See Note 17 for the calculation of EPS.

Comprehensive Income

GAAP requires that recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net income. Although certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities and the net actuarial loss of the defined benefit pension plan, are reported as a separate component of the stockholders’ equity section of the consolidated statements of financial condition, such items, along with net income, are components of comprehensive income.

Fair Value

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and to determine fair value disclosures. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in certain instances, there are no quoted market prices for certain assets or liabilities. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the asset or liability.

Fair value measurements focus on exit prices in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment.

The Company’s fair value measurements are classified into a fair value hierarchy based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. The three categories within the hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2 Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active; and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant inputs are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in the prior year consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.

Emerging Growth Company Status

As an emerging growth company, the Company may delay adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards until such date that the standards are required to be adopted by non-public companies. The Company is taking advantage of the benefits of the extended transition periods allowed under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act.

Accordingly, the Company’s financial statements may not be comparable to those of public companies that adopt new or revised financial accounting standards as of an earlier date. The effective dates of the following recent accounting standards reflect those that relate to non-public companies.

COVID-19

Significant progress has been made to combat the outbreak of COVID-19; however, the global pandemic has adversely impacted a broad range of industries in which the Company's customers operate and could still impair their ability to fulfill their financial obligations to the Company. The Company’s business is dependent upon the willingness and ability of its employees and customers to conduct banking and other financial transactions. If there is a resurgence in the virus or variant strains of the virus increase, the Company could experience further adverse effects on its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. It is not possible to know the full extent of the impact of COVID-19 and the effects it will have on the Company's future operations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13 on “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”. This ASU requires credit losses on most financial assets be measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments to be measured using an expected credit loss model (referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model). Under this model, entities will estimate credit losses over the entire contractual term of the instrument (considering estimated prepayments, but not expected extensions or modifications unless reasonable expectation of a troubled debt restructuring exists) from the date of initial recognition of that instrument. The measurement of expected credit losses is based upon relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. On October 16, 2019, the FASB approved a delay for conversion to the CECL methodology to January 2023 for smaller reporting companies, other public business entities, private companies and non-profits. The Company is currently assessing the effect of ASU No. 2016-13 and has engaged with a software vendor to assist in its efforts.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, “Compensation-Retirement Benefits-Defined Benefit Plans-General (Subtopic 715-20)”. The amendments in this ASU remove disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial, clarify the specific requirements of disclosures, and add disclosure requirements identified as relevant. Although narrow in scope, the amendments are considered an important part of FASB’s efforts to improve the

effectiveness of disclosures in the notes to financial statements. The Company adopted ASU 2018-14 on January 1, 2021. This update did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

On December 18, 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2019-12 , Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, as part of its overall simplification initiative to reduce costs and complexity of applying accounting standards while maintaining or improving the usefulness of the information provided to users of financial statements. The FASB’s amendments primarily impact ASC 740, Income

Taxes, and may impact both interim and annual reporting periods. This ASU is effective for the Company in 2022. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the new guidance to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and does not expect to early adopt.

On March 12, 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. This ASU applies to contracts and other transactions that reference LIBOR or other rate references expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The ASU permits an entity to make necessary modifications to eligible contracts or transactions without requiring contract remeasurement or reassessment of a previous accounting determination. ASU 2020-04 must be applied prospectively and was effective immediately upon issuance and remains effective through December 31, 2022. The adoption of ASU 2020-04 did not and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's future consolidated financial statements.