Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies	9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies	1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies The financial statements include accounts of Rhinebeck Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”), a stock holding company, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Rhinebeck Bank (the “Bank”), a New York chartered stock savings bank. The primary purpose of the Company is to act as a holding company for the Bank. The Bank provides a full range of banking and financial services to consumer and commercial customers through its eleven branches and two representative offices located in Dutchess, Ulster, Orange, and Albany counties. Financial services, including investment advisory and financial product sales, are offered through a division of the Bank doing business as Rhinebeck Asset Management (“RAM”). The unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the interim periods and are of a normal and recurring nature. Operating results for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020 or for any other period. For more information regarding the Company’s significant accounting policies, see the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. As of September 30, 2020, the critical accounting policies of the Company have not changed materially from those disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2019, with the exception of the adoption of the equity incentive plan by the Company. See Item 2. – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation – Critical Accounting Policies.” Basis of Financial Statements Presentation The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and general practices within the banking industry. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, as of the date of the consolidated statements of financial condition and reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the valuation of securities and other real estate owned, the evaluation of investment securities for other-than-temporary impairment, the evaluation of goodwill for impairment, the valuation of deferred tax assets and the determination of pension obligations. Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Reclassifications Certain amounts in the prior year consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. COVID-19 On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) as a global pandemic, which continues to spread throughout the United States and around the world. The declaration of the global pandemic indicated that almost all public commerce and related business activities were, to varying degrees, curtailed with the goal of decreasing the rate of new infections. The outbreak of COVID-19 adversely impacted a broad range of industries in which the Company’s customers operate and impaired their ability to fulfill their financial obligations to the Company to a degree. In March, the Federal Open Market Committee brought the target range for the federal funds rate to near zero. These reductions in interest rates and other economic effects of the COVID-19 outbreak has and will likely continue to adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. As a result of the spread of COVID-19, economic uncertainties have arisen which are likely to negatively impact net interest income, noninterest income, the provision for loan losses and bad debts. Other financial impacts could occur though such potential impacts are unknown at this time. Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (“Topic 842”), which created FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 842 (“ASC 842”) and is intended to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. The principal change required by ASC 842 related to lessee accounting, is that for operating leases, a lessee is required to (1) recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the statement of financial position, (2) recognize a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term generally on a straight-line basis, and (3) classify all cash payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. If a lessee makes this election, it should recognize lease expense for such leases generally on a straight-line basis over the lease term. ASC 842 also changes disclosure requirements related to leasing activities and requires certain qualitative disclosures along with specific quantitative disclosures. ASC 842 also provides an optional transition method for adoption, under which an entity initially applies ASC 842 at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Consequently, an entity's reporting for the comparative periods presented in the financial statements in which it adopts ASC 842 will continue to be in accordance with current GAAP. The Company adopted the provisions of ASC 842 effective January 1, 2020 utilizing the optional transition method and did not restate comparative periods. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under ASC 842's transition guidance, which allows the Company to carryforward its historical lease classifications and its assessment as to whether a contract is or contains a lease. The Company elected to not recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less. Upon adoption, the Company recorded an increase in other assets and an increase in other liabilities of approximately $6,700, respectively. See Note 10 of the footnotes to the consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016‑13 on “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”. This ASU requires credit losses on most financial assets be measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments to be measured using an expected credit loss model (referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model). Under this model, entities will estimate credit losses over the entire contractual term of the instrument (considering estimated prepayments, but not expected extensions or modifications unless reasonable expectation of a troubled debt restructuring exists) from the date of initial recognition of that instrument. The measurement of expected credit losses is based upon relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. On October 16, 2019, the FASB approved a delay for conversion to the CECL methodology to January 2023 for smaller reporting companies, other public business entities, private companies and non-profits; although early adoption is permitted in 2019. While the Company is currently assessing the effect of ASU No. 2016‑13 and has engaged with a software vendor to assist in its efforts; it is unlikely that the Company will early adopt this ASU. Emerging Growth Company Status As an emerging growth company, the Company may delay adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards until such date that the standards are required to be adopted by non-issuer companies. If such standards would not apply to non-issuer companies, no deferral would be applicable. The Company intends to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition periods allowed under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act. Accordingly, the Company’s consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to those of public companies that adopt new or revised financial accounting standards as of an earlier date. The effective dates of the recent accounting standards reflect those that relate to non-issuer companies.

1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

The financial statements include accounts of Rhinebeck Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”), a stock holding company, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Rhinebeck Bank (the “Bank”), a New York chartered stock savings bank. The primary purpose of the Company is to act as a holding company for the Bank. The Bank provides a full range of banking and financial services to consumer and commercial customers through its eleven branches and two representative offices located in Dutchess, Ulster, Orange, and Albany counties. Financial services, including investment advisory and financial product sales, are offered through a division of the Bank doing business as Rhinebeck Asset Management (“RAM”).

The unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the interim periods and are of a normal and recurring nature. Operating results for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020 or for any other period.

For more information regarding the Company’s significant accounting policies, see the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. As of September 30, 2020, the critical accounting policies of the Company have not changed materially from those disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2019, with the exception of the adoption of the equity incentive plan by the Company. See Item 2. – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation – Critical Accounting Policies.”

Basis of Financial Statements Presentation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and general practices within the banking industry. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, as of the date of the consolidated statements of financial condition and reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the valuation of securities and other real estate owned, the evaluation of investment securities for other-than-temporary impairment, the evaluation of goodwill for impairment, the valuation of deferred tax assets and the determination of pension obligations.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in the prior year consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.

COVID-19

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) as a global pandemic, which continues to spread throughout the United States and around the world. The declaration of the global pandemic indicated that almost all public commerce and related business activities were, to varying degrees, curtailed with the goal of decreasing the rate of new infections. The outbreak of COVID-19 adversely impacted a broad range of industries in which the Company’s customers operate and impaired their ability to fulfill their financial obligations to the Company to a degree. In March, the Federal Open Market Committee brought the target range for the federal funds rate to near zero. These reductions in interest rates and other economic effects of the COVID-19 outbreak has and will likely continue to adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. As a result of the spread of COVID-19, economic uncertainties have arisen which are likely to negatively impact net interest income, noninterest income, the provision for loan losses and bad debts. Other financial impacts could occur though such potential impacts are unknown at this time.

Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (“Topic 842”), which created FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 842 (“ASC 842”) and is intended to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. The principal change required by ASC 842 related to lessee accounting, is that for operating leases, a lessee is required to (1) recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the statement of financial position, (2) recognize a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term generally on a straight-line basis, and (3) classify all cash payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. If a lessee makes this election, it should recognize lease expense for such leases generally on a straight-line basis over the lease term. ASC 842 also changes disclosure requirements related to leasing activities and requires certain qualitative disclosures along with specific quantitative disclosures. ASC 842 also provides an optional transition method for adoption, under which an entity initially applies ASC 842 at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Consequently, an entity's reporting for the comparative periods presented in the financial statements in which it adopts ASC 842 will continue to be in accordance with current GAAP. The Company adopted the provisions of ASC 842 effective January 1, 2020 utilizing the optional transition method and did not restate comparative periods. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under ASC 842's transition guidance, which allows the Company to carryforward its historical lease classifications and its assessment as to whether a contract is or contains a lease. The Company elected to not recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less. Upon adoption, the Company recorded an increase in other assets and an increase in other liabilities of approximately $6,700, respectively. See Note 10 of the footnotes to the consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016‑13 on “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”. This ASU requires credit losses on most financial assets be measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments to be measured using an expected credit loss model (referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model). Under this model, entities will estimate credit losses over the entire contractual term of the instrument (considering estimated prepayments, but not expected extensions or modifications unless reasonable expectation of a troubled debt restructuring exists) from the date of initial recognition of that instrument. The measurement of expected credit losses is based upon relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. On October 16, 2019, the FASB approved a delay for conversion to the CECL methodology to January 2023 for smaller reporting companies, other public business entities, private companies and non-profits; although early adoption is permitted in 2019. While the Company is currently assessing the effect of ASU No. 2016‑13 and has engaged with a software vendor to assist in its efforts; it is unlikely that the Company will early adopt this ASU.

Emerging Growth Company Status

As an emerging growth company, the Company may delay adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards until such date that the standards are required to be adopted by non-issuer companies. If such standards would not apply to non-issuer companies, no deferral would be applicable. The Company intends to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition periods allowed under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act.

Accordingly, the Company’s consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to those of public companies that adopt new or revised financial accounting standards as of an earlier date. The effective dates of the recent accounting standards reflect those that relate to non-issuer companies.