3. Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

A summary of the Company’s loan portfolio is as follows:


	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Commercial real estate loans:
Construction	$	16,654	$	12,870
Non-residential		208,778		197,499
Multi-family		20,272		12,661
Residential real estate loans		41,344		43,534
Commercial and industrial loans		88,187		83,203
Consumer loans:
Indirect automobile		354,394		297,144
Home equity		17,336		19,269
Other consumer		10,133		10,826
Total gross loans		757,098		677,006
Net deferred loan costs		9,804		8,042
Allowance for loan losses		(7,903)		(6,646)
Total net loans	$	758,999	$	678,402

At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the unpaid principal balances of loans held for sale, included in the residential real estate category above, were $1,065 and $888, respectively.

The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the pass category and the criticized and classified categories of special mention, substandard and doubtful within the internal risk system:


	September 30, 2019
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Commercial real estate:
Construction	$	16,654	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	16,654
Non-residential		200,820		3,614		4,175		169		208,778
Multifamily		19,888		—		384		—		20,272
Residential real estate		38,687		—		—		2,657		41,344
Commercial and industrial		86,255		621		889		422		88,187
Consumer:
Indirect automobile		353,720		—		—		674		354,394
Home equity		16,854		—		—		482		17,336
Other consumer		10,084		—		—		49		10,133
Total	$	742,962	$	4,235	$	5,448	$	4,453	$	757,098


	December 31, 2018
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Commercial real estate:
Construction	$	12,870	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	12,870
Non-residential		186,020		6,840		4,639		—		197,499
Multifamily		12,261		—		400		—		12,661
Residential real estate		41,249		—		—		2,285		43,534
Commercial and industrial		81,111		965		1,124		3		83,203
Consumer:
Indirect automobile		296,692		—		—		452		297,144
Home equity		19,071		—		—		198		19,269
Other consumer		10,816		—		—		10		10,826
Total	$	660,090	$	7,805	$	6,163	$	2,948	$	677,006

Management further monitors the performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the age of the portfolio as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. The past due status of all classes of loans is determined based on contractual due dates for loan payments.

The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aging categories of performing loans and non-accrual loans:


	September 30, 2019
							Greater Than
			30-59 Days		60-89 Days		90 Days Past		Total Loans
	Current		Past Due		Past Due		Due		Receivable		Non-accrual
Commercial real estate:
Construction	$	16,654	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	16,654	$	—
Non-residential		202,855		235		1,835		3,853		208,778		3,853
Multifamily		19,887		—		—		385		20,272		385
Residential real estate		39,871		48		357		1,068		41,344		2,657
Commercial and industrial		87,459		10		296		422		88,187		674
Consumer:
Indirect automobile		347,611		5,228		902		653		354,394		673
Home equity		16,678		159		115		384		17,336		482
Other consumer		9,878		149		57		49		10,133		49
Total	$	740,893	$	5,829	$	3,562	$	6,814	$	757,098	$	8,773


	December 31, 2018
							Greater Than
			30-59 Days		60-89 Days		90 Days Past		Total Loans
	Current		Past Due		Past Due		Due		Receivable		Non-accrual
Commercial real estate:
Construction	$	12,870	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	12,870	$	—
Non-residential		193,273		1,466		253		2,507		197,499		2,507
Multifamily		12,487		174		—		—		12,661		—
Residential real estate		42,083		305		615		531		43,534		2,208
Commercial and industrial		82,992		206		1		4		83,203		297
Consumer:
Indirect automobile		291,369		4,429		915		431		297,144		452
Home equity		18,905		264		—		100		19,269		198
Other consumer		10,601		186		29		10		10,826		10
Total	$	664,580	$	7,030	$	1,813	$	3,583	$	677,006	$	5,672

The following tables summarize information in regard to impaired loans by loan portfolio class:


	September 30, 2019
	Recorded		Unpaid Principal		Related		Average Recorded
	Investment		Balance		Allowance		Investment
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate:
Construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Non-residential		3,853		3,915		—		3,180
Multifamily		385		409		—		192
Residential real estate		2,657		3,150		—		2,471
Commercial and industrial		674		814		—		486
Consumer:
Indirect automobile		374		421		—		324
Home equity		482		532		—		340
Other consumer		11		11		—		10
Total	$	8,436	$	9,252	$	—	$	7,003
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate:
Construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Non-residential		—		—		—		—
Multifamily		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate		—		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial		—		—		—		—
Consumer:
Indirect automobile		299		323		118		239
Home equity		—		—		—		—
Other consumer		38		40		6		19
Total	$	337	$	363	$	124	$	258
Total:
Commercial real estate:
Construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Non-residential		3,853		3,915		—		3,180
Multifamily		385		409		—		192
Residential real estate		2,657		3,150		—		2,471
Commercial and industrial		674		814		—		486
Consumer:
Indirect automobile		673		744		118		563
Home equity		482		532		—		340
Other consumer		49		51		6		29
Total	$	8,773	$	9,615	$	124	$	7,261


	December 31, 2018
	Recorded		Unpaid Principal		Related		Average Recorded
	Investment		Balance		Allowance		Investment
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate:
Construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	563
Non-residential		2,507		2,601		—		3,023
Multifamily		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate		2,285		2,841		—		2,235
Commercial and industrial		297		421		—		758
Consumer:
Indirect automobile		274		320		—		242
Home equity		198		211		—		158
Other consumer		10		10		—		5
Total	$	5,571	$	6,404	$	—	$	6,984
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate:
Construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Non-residential		—		—		—		451
Multifamily		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate		—		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial		—		—		—		9
Consumer:
Indirect automobile		178		191		50		205
Home equity		—		—		—		—
Other consumer		—		—		—		2
Total	$	178	$	191	$	50	$	667
Total:
Commercial real estate:
Construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	563
Non-residential		2,507		2,601		—		3,474
Multifamily		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate		2,285		2,841		—		2,235
Commercial and industrial		297		421		—		767
Consumer:
Indirect automobile		452		511		50		447
Home equity		198		211		—		158
Other consumer		10		10		—		7
Total	$	5,749	$	6,595	$	50	$	7,651

A loan is considered impaired when based on current information and events it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans include nonperforming loans and loans modified as troubled debt restructurings. Loan modifications, which resulted in these loans being considered TDRs, are primarily in the form of rate concessions and extensions of maturity dates. The Company does not generally recognize interest income on a loan in an impaired status. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, three loans totaling $1,687 and the same three loans totaling $1,774, respectively, included in impaired loans, were identified as TDRs. There were no new TDRs in the first nine months of 2019. In 2018, the Company restructured two loans, a residential mortgage and home equity loan, into a single residential mortgage, with a carrying value of $117, which included both rate and term modifications. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, all TDR loans were performing in accordance with their restructured terms. During the year ended December 31, 2018, one loan for $19 had defaulted in its modified terms and was charged off. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had no commitments to advance additional funds to borrowers under TDR loans.

The Company services certain loans that it has sold without recourse to third parties. The aggregate balances of loans serviced for others were $265,629 and $255,892 as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The balance of capitalized servicing rights, included in other assets at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, were $2,192 and $2,278, respectively. Fair value exceeds carrying value. No impairment charges related to servicing rights were recognized during the period ended September 30, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018.

The following tables summarize the segments of the loan portfolio and the allowance for loan losses, segregated into the amount required for loans individually evaluated for impairment and the amount required for loans collectively evaluated for impairment and the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the periods then ended:


	Commercial				Commercial
	Real Estate		Residential		and Industrial		Indirect		Consumer		Totals
	Three months ended September 30, 2019
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	1,252	$	305	$	1,895	$	3,606	$	800	$	7,858
Provision for loan losses		(79)		(49)		(276)		898		(44)		450
Loans charged-off		—		—		(43)		(494)		(67)		(604)
Recoveries		—		—		14		173		12		199
Ending balance	$	1,173	$	256	$	1,590	$	4,183	$	701	$	7,903


	Commercial		Residential		Commercial
	Real Estate		Real Estate		and Industrial			Indirect	Consumer		Totals
	Three months ended September 30, 2018
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	947	$	513	$	1,082	$	2,621	$	776	$	5,939
Provision for loan losses		(77)		(40)		(27)		728		(59)		525
Loans charged-off		—		—		(1)		(365)		(6)		(372)
Recoveries		—		1		1		211		5		218
Ending balance	$	870	$	474	$	1,055	$	3,195	$	716	$	6,310


	Commercial		Residential		Commercial
	Real Estate		Real Estate		and Industrial		Indirect		Consumer		Totals
	Nine months ended September 30, 2019

Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	1,080	$	320	$	1,542	$	2,915	$	789	$	6,646
Provision for loan losses		93		(67)		89		1,930		(35)		2,010
Loans charged-off		—		—		(55)		(1,413)		(82)		(1,550)
Recoveries		—		3		14		751		29		797
Ending balance	$	1,173	$	256	$	1,590	$	4,183	$	701	$	7,903
Ending balance:
Loans deemed impaired	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	118	$	6	$	124
Loans not deemed impaired	$	1,173	$	256	$	1,590	$	4,065	$	695	$	7,779
Loan receivables:
Ending balance	$	245,704	$	41,344	$	88,187	$	354,394	$	27,469	$	757,098
Ending balance:
Loans deemed impaired	$	4,238	$	2,657	$	674	$	673	$	531	$	8,773
Loans not deemed impaired	$	241,466	$	38,687	$	87,513	$	353,721	$	26,938	$	748,325


	Commercial		Residential		Commercial
	Real Estate		Real Estate		and Industrial			Indirect	Consumer		Totals
	Nine months ended September 30, 2018

Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	1,305	$	455	$	879	$	2,150	$	668	$	5,457
Provision for loan losses		(132)		15		91		1,545		56		1,575
Loans charged-off		(303)		—		(28)		(1,100)		(25)		(1,456)
Recoveries		—		4		113		600		17		734
Ending balance	$	870	$	474	$	1,055	$	3,195	$	716	$	6,310
Ending balance:
Loans deemed impaired	$	—	$	—	$	5	$	83	$	11	$	99
Loans not deemed impaired	$	870	$	474	$	1,050	$	3,112	$	705	$	6,211
Loan receivables:
Ending balance	$	224,699	$	44,387	$	79,055	$	272,892	$	30,013	$	651,046
Ending balance:
Loans deemed impaired	$	4,668	$	2,445	$	630	$	542	$	294	$	8,579
Loans not deemed impaired	$	220,031	$	41,942	$	78,425	$	272,350	$	29,719	$	642,467


	Commercial		Residential		Commercial
	Real Estate		Real Estate		and Industrial		Indirect		Consumer		Totals
	Year ended December 31, 2018
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	1,305	$	455	$	879	$	2,150	$	668	$	5,457
Provision for loan losses		(45)		(140)		578		1,539		168		2,100
Loans charged-off		(303)		—		(37)		(1,607)		(66)		(2,013)
Recoveries		123		5		122		833		19		1,102
Ending balance	$	1,080	$	320	$	1,542	$	2,915	$	789	$	6,646
Ending balance:
Loans deemed impaired	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	50	$	—	$	50
Loans not deemed impaired	$	1,080	$	320	$	1,542	$	2,865	$	789	$	6,596
Loan receivables:
Ending balance	$	223,030	$	43,534	$	83,203	$	297,144	$	30,095	$	677,006
Ending balance:
Loans deemed impaired	$	2,507	$	2,285	$	297	$	452	$	208	$	5,749
Loans not deemed impaired	$	220,523	$	41,249	$	82,906	$	296,692	$	29,887	$	671,257

In the normal course of business, the Company grants loans to officers, directors and other related parties. Balances and activity of such loans during the periods presented were not material.