NOTE 3 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price) and establishes a framework for measuring fair value.

To determine fair value, the Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable. The Company is able to classify fair value balances based on the observability of those inputs. The guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

>Level 1 - Fair value is based upon quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. Level 1 primarily consists of financial instruments such as listed equities and U.S. Treasury securities.

>Level 2 - Fair value is based upon quoted prices for similar, but not identical, assets and liabilities in active markets, and other inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. This also includes quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.

>Level 3 - Fair value is based upon financial models using primarily unobservable inputs. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.

A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Assets

Available for sale securities Where quoted prices for securities are available in an active market, those securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. If such quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flows. Examples of securities with similar characteristics, which would generally be classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy, include certain AAA-rated U.S. government sponsored agency securities, municipal obligations, and mortgage-backed securities. A security using financial models based upon primarily unobservable inputs, such as commercial paper, would generally be classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

Loans The Company does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, a loan is considered impaired and an allowance for loan losses may be established. Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement are considered impaired. Once a loan is identified as individually impaired, management measures impairment. The fair value of impaired loans is estimated using one of several methods, including collateral value, market value of similar debt, enterprise value, or liquidation value and discounted cash flows. Those impaired loans not requiring an allowance represent loans for which the fair value of the collateral exceeds the recorded investments in such loans and for which carrying amount will remain at amortized cost. Impaired loans where an allowance is established based on the fair value of collateral or expected cash flows require classification in the fair value hierarchy. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price or a current appraised value, less selling costs, the Company records the impaired loan as a non-recurring Level 3 valuation. At June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, substantially all of the impaired loans were evaluated based on the fair value of the collateral with adjustments to their appraised values ranging from 5% to 15% for selling costs, establishing a new cost basis.

Other real estate owned, net Assets on which the underlying collateral has been repossessed are initially recorded at the fair market value of the real estate acquired less estimated costs to sell.

Subsequently, other real estate owned is carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value. Fair value is based upon independent market prices, appraised values of the collateral or management’s estimation of the value of the collateral. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price or a current appraised value, less selling costs, the Company records the repossessed asset as a non-recurring Level 3 valuation. At June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, substantially all of the other real estate owned was evaluated based on the fair value of the collateral with adjustments to their appraised values ranging from 5% to 15% for selling costs.

The following tables set forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, the Company’s financial assets that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis as of June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. According to fair value guidance, financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to their fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.

The following table presents assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis:


	Fair Value as of June 30, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Securities classified as available for sale:
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	—	$	18,878,383	$	—	$	18,878,383
Mortgage backed securities		—		1,106,138		—		1,106,138
Certificates of deposit		—		557,597		—		557,597
Total	$	—	$	20,542,118	$	—	$	20,542,118


	Fair Value as of June 30, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Securities classified as available for sale:
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	—	$	19,426,437	$	—	$	19,426,437
Mortgage backed securities		—		1,157,941		—		1,157,941
Certificates of deposit		—		321,709		—		321,709
Total	$	—	$	20,906,087	$	—	$	20,906,087

Assets measured at fair value on non-recurring basis:


	Fair Value as of June 30, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Loans, net	$	—	$	—	$	274,750	$	274,750
Other real estate owned, net		—		—		4,080,401		4,080,401
Total	$	—	$	—	$	4,355,151	$	4,355,151


	Fair Value as of June 30, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Loans, net	$	—	$	—	$	140,765	$	140,765
Other real estate owned, net		—		—		3,957,133		3,957,133
Total	$	—	$	—	$	4,097,898	$	4,097,898

Financial Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Accounting guidance requires disclosures of the estimated fair value of certain financial instruments and the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate their fair values. Certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments are excluded from the scope of the guidance. Accordingly, the fair value disclosures required by the guidance are only indicative of the value of individual financial instruments, as of the dates indicated and should not be considered an indication of the fair value of the Company.

The estimated fair values of financial instruments are as follows:


	June 30, 2019				June 30, 2018
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
FINANCIAL ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	5,630,770	$	5,630,770	$	6,134,146	$	6,134,146
Interest bearing deposits in banks	$	3,674,015	$	3,674,015	$	157,459	$	157,459
Available for sale securities	$	20,542,118	$	20,542,118	$	20,906,087	$	20,906,087
Loans, net	$	259,873,403	$	256,666,403	$	263,998,800	$	256,952,400
Loans held for sale	$	7,079,548	$	7,079,548	$	6,416,385	$	6,416,385
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	$	2,061,000	$	2,061,000	$	2,070,000	$	2,070,000
Accrued interest receivable	$	1,000,098	$	1,000,098	$	879,292	$	879,292
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
Deposits	$	234,561,459	$	217,705,000	$	244,463,480	$	220,870,600
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	$	44,200,000	$	44,200,000	$	46,000,000	$	46,000,000
Accrued interest payable	$	59,489	$	59,489	$	93,053	$	93,053

The methods and assumptions that were used to estimate the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis have been previously disclosed. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of other financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value:

Cash and cash equivalents – Due to their short term nature, the carrying amount of cash equivalents approximates fair value and is categorized in level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Interest bearing deposits in banks – The carrying amount approximates fair value and is categorized in level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Available for sale securities – The fair value is estimated using quoted market prices or by using pricing models and is categorized in level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Loans– The fair value of variable rate loans that reprice frequently are based on carrying values. The fair value of other loans is estimated by discounting future cash flows using current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and is categorized in level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Loans held for sale – Fair value is based on commitments on hand from investors or prevailing market prices and is categorized in level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Federal Home Loan Bank stock – No secondary market exists for FHLB stock. The stock is bought and sold at par by the FHLB and management believes the carrying amount approximates fair value and is categorized in level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Accrued interest receivable – Due to their short term nature, the carrying amount approximates fair value and is categorized in level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Deposits – Fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as demand deposits, savings, and money market accounts, by definition, is the amount payable on demand on the reporting date. Fair value of fixed rate time deposits is estimated using discounted cash flows applying interest rates currently offered on similar time deposits. Deposits are categorized in level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings – The carrying amount approximates fair value and is categorized in level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Accrued interest payable – Due to their short term nature, the carrying amount approximates fair value and is categorized in level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

The estimated fair value of fee income on letters of credit at June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018 is insignificant. Loan commitments on which the committed interest rate is less than the current market rate are also insignificant at June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018.