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Segments and Geographic Information
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segments and Geographic Information Segments and Geographic Information
The Company determines its operating segments based on how its CODM manages the business, allocates resources, makes operating decisions and evaluates operating performance. The Company’s CODM is the Chief Executive Officer.
The Company's two operating and reportable segments are as follows:
•Advertising: Revenue is generated primarily from fees paid by advertisers for the placement of ads on mobile applications owned by Publishers.
•Apps: Revenue is generated when a user of one of the Apps makes an in-app purchase ("IAP Revenue") and when clients purchase the digital advertising inventory of the Company's portfolio of Apps ("IAA Revenue").
The CODM evaluates the performance of each operating segment using revenue and segment Adjusted EBITDA. The Company defines segment Adjusted EBITDA as revenue less expenses, excluding depreciation and amortization and certain items that the Company does not believe are reflective of the operating segments’ core operations. Expenses include indirect costs that are allocated to operating segments based on a reasonable allocation methodology, which are generally related to sales and marketing activities and general and administrative overhead. Revenue and expenses exclude transactions between the Company's operating segments.
The CODM uses segment Adjusted EBITDA to allocate resources during the annual budgeting and forecasting process. The CODM considers segment Adjusted EBITDA when making decisions on operating and capital resource allocation. Additionally, the CODM uses segment Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate operating strategy and assess segment performance by comparing the results of each segment.
The CODM does not evaluate operating segments using asset information, and, accordingly, the Company does not report asset information by segment.
The following tables provide information about the Company's reportable segments and a reconciliation of the total segment Adjusted EBITDA to consolidated income (loss) before income taxes (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
Advertising:
Revenue$3,224,058 $1,841,762 $1,049,167 
Less:
Data center costs
(392,498)(251,197)(201,718)
Personnel related expenses (242,134)(208,878)(162,327)
Publisher bonuses1
— — 209,635 
Other expenses2
(146,830)(105,982)(86,341)
Advertising Adjusted EBITDA2,442,597 1,275,705 808,415 
Apps:
Revenue$1,485,190 $1,441,325 $1,767,891 
Less:
User acquisition costs(521,516)(539,444)(666,128)
Payment processing fees(287,891)(295,613)(345,573)
Professional services costs(260,278)(236,229)(320,282)
Other expenses3
(138,497)(143,086)(181,113)
Apps Adjusted EBITDA277,008 226,953 254,795 
Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA$2,719,605 $1,502,658 $1,063,210 
Interest expense and loss on settlement of debt$(318,260)$(275,665)$(171,863)
Other income, net25,440 7,831 18,647 
Amortization, depreciation and write-offs(448,680)(489,008)(547,084)
Loss on disposal of long-lived assets(1,646)— (127,892)
Non-operating foreign exchange gain (loss)(291)1,224 164 
Stock-based compensation(376,455)(363,107)(191,612)
Acquisition-related expense and transaction bonus(885)(1,047)(21,279)
Publisher bonuses— — (209,635)
MoPub acquisition transition services— — (6,999)
Restructuring costs(22,823)(2,316)(10,834)
Income (loss) before income taxes$1,576,005 $380,570 $(205,177)
1 In connection with the MoPub acquisition, the Company incurred certain one-time, non-recoupable costs to incentivize publishers to migrate to its MAX mediation solution. As these costs were not historically significant nor expected to be in the future, the Company excluded their impact from the Advertising Adjusted EBITDA.
2 Other segment items for the Advertising reportable segment include professional services costs, facilities costs, advertising costs, software costs, and other individually insignificant costs.
3 Other segment items for the Apps reportable segment include personnel related expenses, data center costs, facilities costs, software costs, and other individually insignificant costs.

The following table presents long-lived assets by geographic area which consist of property and equipment, net (in thousands):
As of December 31,
20242023
United States$44,641 $47,612 
Germany74,533 79,863 
Netherlands40,215 45,307 
All other countries1,141 549 
Total property and equipment, net
$160,530 $173,331 
For information regarding revenue disaggregated by geography, see Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies