FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The guidance describes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value.

Level 1—Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date

Level 2—Inputs are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market data for the related assets or liabilities

The categorization of a financial instrument within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and other receivables, notes receivable and payable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, cultivation liabilities, warrant liabilities and other current assets and liabilities. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the carrying amounts of accounts receivable and other receivables, accounts payable and other current assets and liabilities approximated at their fair values because of their short-term nature. The carrying value of the notes receivable and cultivation liability approximates the fair value as the stated interest rate approximates market rates currently available to the Company. The Company’s warrant liabilities are accounted for at fair value and are considered Level 2 instruments. The Company's Stanley Brothers USA Holdings Purchase Option is accounted for at fair value and is considered a Level 3 instrument.

The following table sets forth the Company’s financial instruments that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2021 and 2020, by level within the fair value hierarchy:


	December 31, 2021
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
Stanley Brothers USA Holdings Purchase Option	$	—	$	—	$	13,000	$	13,000
Financial liabilities:
Warrant liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—


	December 31, 2020
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Financial liabilities:
Warrant liabilities	$	—	$	4,304	$	—	$	4,304

There were no transfers between levels of the hierarchy during the year ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Stanley Brothers USA Holdings Purchase Option

On March 2, 2021, the Company entered into an option purchase agreement with Stanley Brothers USA, a privately held Delaware company, and the shareholders of Stanley Brothers USA. The SBH Purchase Option was purchased for total consideration of $8,000 and has a five-year term (extendable for an additional two years upon payment of additional consideration). The SBH Purchase Option provides the Company the option to acquire all or substantially all the shares of Stanley Brothers USA on the earlier of February 26, 2025 and federal legalization of cannabis in the United States, or such earlier time as Stanley Brothers USA and the Company agree, at a purchase price to be determined at the time of exercise of the SBH Purchase Option. Upon exercise of the SBH Purchase Option, the purchase price will be determined based on application of predetermined multiples of Stanley Brothers USA revenue and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”) measures. The Company is not obligated to exercise the SBH Purchase Option. As part of the SBH Purchase Option agreement, Stanley Brothers USA issued the Company a warrant exercisable to purchase 10% of the outstanding Stanley Brothers USA shares and convertible securities that are considered in-the-money, subject to certain conditions and exclusions. The warrant is exercisable at the Company's election for a nominal exercise price in the event the Company elects not to acquire all or substantially all shares of Stanley Brothers USA and expires 60 days after the expiration of the option.

The Company has elected the fair value option in accordance with ASC 825-10 guidance to record its SBH Purchase Option. Under ASC 825-10, a business entity shall report unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. The SBH Purchase Option is classified as a financial asset and is remeasured at fair value at each reporting date, with changes to fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the period. The use of assumptions for the fair value determination includes a high degree of subjectivity and judgment using unobservable inputs (level 3 on the fair value hierarchy), which results in estimation uncertainty. Changes in assumptions that reasonably could have been different at the reporting date may result in a higher or lower determination of fair value (Stanley Brothers USA financial results or projections of future financial results). Changes in fair value measurements, if significant, may affect performance of cash flows. For the year ended December 31, 2021, a $5,000 gain related to the SBH Purchase Option was recognized as change in fair value of financial instruments and other in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As of December 31, 2021, the SBH Purchase Option represents a financial asset of $13,000 in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Monte Carlo valuation model considers multiple revenue and EBITDA outcomes for Stanley Brothers USA and other probabilities in assigning a fair value. Primary assumptions utilized include financial projections of Stanley Brothers USA and the probability and timing of exercise. The following additional assumptions are used in the model:


			Year Ended December 31,
			2021
Expected volatility			92.5%
Expected term (years)			3.7
Risk-free interest rate			1.1%
Weighted average cost of capital			40.0%

Warrant Liabilities

The 2019 Share Offering Warrants and the 2020 Share Offering Warrants do not meet all of the criteria for equity classification as the warrants are denominated in Canadian dollars, which differs from the Company's functional currency. As a result, the 2019 Share Offering Warrants and the 2020 Share Offering Warrants are initially measured at fair value and are revalued at each reporting period using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on Level 2 observable inputs. The assumptions used by the Company are the quoted price of the Company’s common shares in an active market, risk-free interest rate, volatility and expected life, and assumes no dividends. Volatility is based on the actual historical market activity of the Company’s shares. The expected life is based on the remaining contractual term of the warrants and the risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury Securities with a maturity equivalent to the expected life of the warrants.

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, a $4,304 and $11,167 gain related the warrant liabilities was recognized as change in fair value of financial instruments and other in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As of December 31, 2021 the Company's warrant liabilities fair value is zero due to some warrants expiring in December 2021, a shorter expected term for the remaining outstanding warrants, and a significant decline in the Company's stock price.

The following table provides quantitative information regarding Level 2 fair value measurements inputs at their measurement dates:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2021	2020
Expected volatility	83.8%	86.1%
Expected term (years)	0.4 – 0.5	0.1-0.5
Risk-free interest rate	0.4%	0.1%
Expected dividend yield	—%	—%
Value of underlying share	$1.34	$3.29

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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