10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-39676

INHIBIKASE THERAPEUTICS, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware	26-3407249
( State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
3350 Riverwood Parkway SE, Suite 1900 Atlanta, GA	30339
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (678) 392-3419

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value	IKT	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 1, 2023, the registrant had 6,174,280 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents

		Page
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2022	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)	4
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	14
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	25
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	25
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	26
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	26
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	26
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	26
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	26
Item 5.	Other Information	26
Item 6.	Exhibits	27
Signatures		28

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

Inhibikase Therapeutics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
	(unaudited)			(Note 3)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	14,861,309		$	7,188,553
Marketable securities		1,970,260			15,861,620
Accounts receivable		—			39,881
Prepaid research and development		347,565			1,117,616
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		371,538			163,452
Total current assets		17,550,672			24,371,122
Equipment and improvements, net		79,940			236,532
Right-of-use asset		250,090			328,643
Total assets	$	17,880,702		$	24,936,297
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	734,561		$	1,151,173
Lease obligation, current		149,030			145,836
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		1,858,215			2,398,436
Total current liabilities		2,741,806			3,695,445
Lease obligation, net of current portion		121,013			205,451
Total liabilities		2,862,819			3,900,896
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 13)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022		—			—
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 5,360,326 and 4,224,294 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022		5,361			4,224
Additional paid-in capital		77,735,450			68,798,301
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(143	)		104,718
Accumulated deficit		(62,722,785	)		(47,871,842	)
Total stockholders' equity		15,017,883			21,035,401
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	17,880,702		$	24,936,297

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Inhibikase Therapeutics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Revenue
Grant revenue	$	79,569		$	7,291		$	260,500		$	59,874
Total revenue		79,569			7,291			260,500			59,874
Costs and expenses:
Research and development		3,225,551			2,981,653			10,615,368			8,980,827
Selling, general and administrative		1,622,894			1,538,737			5,331,358			4,872,681
Total costs and expenses		4,848,445			4,520,390			15,946,726			13,853,508
Loss from operations		(4,768,876	)		(4,513,099	)		(15,686,226	)		(13,793,634	)
Interest income		173,677			18,536			835,283			18,531
Net loss		(4,595,199	)		(4,494,563	)		(14,850,943	)		(13,775,103	)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities		1,571			26,828			(104,861	)		26,828
Comprehensive loss	$	(4,593,628	)	$	(4,467,735	)	$	(14,955,804	)	$	(13,748,275	)
Net loss per share – basic and diluted	$	(0.86	)	$	(1.06	)	$	(2.93	)	$	(3.26	)
Weighted-average number of common shares – basic and diluted		5,342,337			4,224,294			5,060,447			4,223,099

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Inhibikase Therapeutics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock
	Shares		Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss)			Accumulated Deficit			Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 2022		4,224,294	$	4,224	$	68,798,301	$	104,718		$	(47,871,842	)	$	21,035,401
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		123,273		—			—			123,273
Issuance of common stock, pre-funded warrants and warrants, net of issuance costs		971,532		972		8,541,970		—			—			8,542,942
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—		61,104			—			61,104
Net loss		—		—		—		—			(4,477,778	)		(4,477,778	)
Balance at March 31, 2023		5,195,826	$	5,196	$	77,463,544	$	165,822		$	(52,349,620	)	$	25,284,942
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		124,845		—			—			124,845
Issuance of common stock, pre-funded warrants and warrants, net of issuance costs		95,000		95		—		—			—			95
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		(167,536	)		—			(167,536	)
Net loss		—		—		—		—			(5,777,966	)		(5,777,966	)
Balance at June 30, 2023		5,290,826	$	5,291	$	77,588,389	$	(1,714	)	$	(58,127,586	)	$	19,464,380
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		129,781					—			129,781
Issuance of common stock, pre-funded warrants and warrants, net of issuance costs		69,500		70		17,280		—			—			17,350
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		1,571			—			1,571
Net loss		—		—		—		—			(4,595,199	)		(4,595,199	)
Balance at September 30, 2023		5,360,326	$	5,361	$	77,735,450	$	(143	)	$	(62,722,785	)	$	15,017,883

	Common Stock
	Shares		Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Accumulated Deficit			Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 2021		4,212,317	$	4,212	$	68,229,024	$	—	$	(29,817,687	)	$	38,415,549
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		123,229		—		—			123,229
Issuance of common stock for services		8,334		8		66,992		—		—			67,000
Issuance of common stock, stock options exercised		3,643		4		44,138		—		—			44,142
Net loss		—		—		—		—		(4,640,601	)		(4,640,601	)
Balance at March 31, 2022		4,224,294	$	4,224	$	68,463,383	$	—	$	(34,458,288	)	$	34,009,319
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		132,767		—		—			132,767
Net loss		—		—		—		—		(4,639,939	)		(4,639,939	)
Balance at June 30, 2022		4,224,294	$	4,224	$	68,596,150	$	—	$	(39,098,227	)	$	29,502,147
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		101,788		—		—			101,788
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—		26,828		—			26,828
Net loss		—		—		—		—		(4,494,563	)		(4,494,563	)
Balance at September 30, 2022		4,224,294	$	4,224	$	68,697,938	$	26,828	$	(43,592,790	)	$	25,136,200

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Inhibikase Therapeutics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(14,850,943	)	$	(13,775,103	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation		170,830			1,681
Stock-based compensation expense		377,899			357,784
Non-cash consulting and marketing fees		17,280			67,000
Non-cash lease expense		—			20,818
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		39,881			96,299
Operating lease right‑of‑use assets		78,553			—
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(208,086	)		996,801
Prepaid research and development		770,051			(825,419	)
Accounts payable		(416,612	)		(308,555	)
Operating lease liabilities		(81,244	)		—
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(540,221	)		(449,718	)
Deferred revenue		—			23,683
Net cash used in operating activities		(14,642,612	)		(13,794,729	)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of equipment and improvements		(14,238	)		(243,255	)
Purchases of investments - marketable securities		(20,629,391	)		(20,725,462	)
Maturities of investments - marketable securities		34,415,890			—
Net cash provided by / (used in) investing activities		13,772,261			(20,968,717	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Issuance of common stock from exercise of stock options		—			44,142
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, pre-funded warrants and warrants, net of issuance costs		8,543,107			—
Repayments of note payable		—			(248,911	)
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities		8,543,107			(204,769	)
Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		7,672,756			(34,968,215	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		7,188,553			40,750,133
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	14,861,309		$	5,781,918
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	$	—		$	973
Issuance costs	$	1,456,479		$	—

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Inhibikase Therapeutics, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

1.Nature of Business

Inhibikase Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company,” “we” or “our”) is a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company developing protein kinase inhibitor therapeutics to modify the course of Parkinson’s disease ("PD"), Parkinson’s-related disorders and other diseases of the Abelson Tyrosine Kinases. The Company’s multi-therapeutic pipeline has a primary focus on neurodegeneration and its lead program utilizing Risvodetinib (IkT-148009), a selective inhibitor of the non-receptor Abelson Tyrosine Kinases, targets the treatment of Parkinson’s disease inside and outside the brain as well as other diseases that arise from Abelson Tyrosine Kinases. In 2021, we commenced clinical development of Risvodetinib (IkT-148009), which we believe can modify the course of Parkinson’s disease including its manifestation in the gastrointestinal tract, or GI. In January, 2023, the Company initiated its Phase 2 program for Risvodetinib (IkT-148009) as a treatment for Parkinson’s disease. As of the date of this Report, 28 sites are open and actively evaluating prospective trial participants and 20% of the trial has been enrolled.

In March 2023, the Company opened its IND for Risvodetinib (IkT-148009) as a treatment for the orphan disease Multiple System Atrophy or MSA. In October 2023, the Company received Orphan Drug Designation for Risvodetinib (IkT-148009) as a treatment for MSA.

The Company is also developing platform technologies for alternate ways to deliver protein kinase inhibitors in patients. Our first example of this technology is IkT-001Pro, a prodrug of the anticancer agent imatinib mesylate, to treat Stable Phase Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (SP-CML). Pursuant to its IND, which was cleared by the FDA in August 2022, IkT-001Pro has completed a three-part dose finding/dose equivalence study in up to 66 healthy volunteers (the 501 trial). The study was designed to evaluate the 96-hour pharmacokinetics of imatinib delivered as IkT-001Pro and determine the dose of IkT-001Pro that can deliver imatinib equivalent to either 400 mg or 600 mg imatinib mesylate. With the completion of the 501 study, Inhibikase will submit briefing materials to the FDA and seek agreement on the requirements for the New Drug Application (“NDA”) process following the proposed approval path for IkT-001Pro under the 505(b)(2) statute.

2.Liquidity

The Company has recognized recurring losses. At September 30, 2023, the Company had working capital of $14,808,866 and accumulated deficit of $62,722,785, cash and cash equivalents of $14,861,309, marketable securities of $1,970,260 and accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $2,741,806.

The future success of the Company is dependent on its ability to successfully obtain additional working capital, obtain regulatory approval for and successfully launch and commercialize its product candidates and to ultimately attain profitable operations. Historically, the Company has funded its operations primarily through cash received in connection with revenue from its various grant programs. In addition, in December 2020, June 2021 and January 2023, the Company raised approximately $14.6 million, $41.1 million and $8.6 million in net proceeds for working capital from its initial public offering (“IPO”), June 2021 Offering and January 2023 Offering, respectively.

The Company is subject to a variety of risks similar to other early-stage life science companies including, but not limited to, the successful development, regulatory approval, and market acceptance of the Company’s product candidates, development by its competitors of new technological innovations, protection of proprietary technology, and raising additional working capital. The Company has incurred significant research and development expenses and general and administrative expenses related to its product candidate programs. The Company anticipates costs and expenses to increase in the future as the Company continues to develop its product candidates.

The Company may seek to fund its operations through additional public equity, private equity, debt financings, or private foundations, Federal and industry stakeholder grants as well as other sources. However, the Company may be unable to raise additional working capital, or if it is able to raise additional capital, it may be unable to do so on commercially favorable terms. The Company’s failure to raise capital or enter into such other arrangements if and when needed would have a negative impact on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition and the Company’s ability to continue to develop its product candidates.

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The Company estimates that its working capital at September 30, 2023 is sufficient to fund its normal operations into the fourth quarter of 2024.

On June 23, 2023, at the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the Company’s restated certificate of incorporation to grant discretionary authority to the board of directors to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock. Following the receipt of the stockholders’ approval, the Company’s board of directors approved the reverse stock split at the ratio of 1 post-split share for every 6 pre-split shares, which was effective as of June 30, 2023. On July 17, 2023, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq informing the Company that it has regained compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the ordinary course of business. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of the uncertainties described above.

3.Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation of Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial statements and, in the opinion of management, include all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the results of the interim periods shown. The December 31, 2022 balance sheet was derived from December 31, 2022 audited financial statements. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“US GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such SEC rules and regulations. Management believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023. The condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements contained herein should be read in conjunction with the Company’s annual audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2022 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC, as amended.

On June 30, 2023, we effected a reverse stock split at the ratio of 1 post-split share for every 6 pre-split shares. All common stock, options, warrant amounts, per share information and references have been retroactively adjusted for all figures presented to reflect this split unless specifically stated otherwise.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with US GAAP, which prescribes elimination of all significant intercompany accounts and transactions in the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, IKT Securities Corporation, Inc., which was incorporated in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in December 2021. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative US GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies and are generally adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the Company believes that the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations upon adoption.

The Company qualifies as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended, or the JOBS Act. The JOBS Act permits an emerging growth company such as the Company to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The Company has elected not to “opt out” of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company will adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard and will do so until such time that it either (i) irrevocably elects to “opt out” of such extended transition period or (ii) no longer qualifies as an emerging growth company.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company utilizes certain estimates in the determination of our liquidity and working capital adequacy, the fair value of its stock options and warrants, deferred tax valuation allowances and revenue recognition, to record expenses relating to research and development contracts and accrued expenses. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other

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market-specific or other relevant assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from such estimates.

New Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies that the Company adopts as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed below, the Company does not believe that the adoption of recently issued standards have or may have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 will change how companies account for credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For trade receivables, loans and held-to-maturity debt securities, companies will be required to recognize an allowance for credit losses rather than reducing the carrying value of the asset. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates to amend the effective date of ASU 2016-13, for entities eligible to be “smaller reporting companies,” as defined by the SEC, to be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 as of January 1, 2023, on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”). ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for convertible debt instruments by reducing the number of accounting models and the number of embedded features that could be recognized separately from the host contract. Consequently, more convertible debt instruments will be accounted for as a single liability measured at its amortized cost, as long as no other features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives. ASU 2020-06 also requires use of the if-converted method in the diluted earnings per share calculation for convertible instruments. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years for smaller reporting companies, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 as of January 1, 2023, on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company derived 100% of its total revenue from a single source, the United States Government, in the form of federal research grants.

Revenue Recognition

The Company generates revenue from research and development grants under contracts with third parties that do not create customer-vendor relationships. The Company’s research and development grants are non-exchange transactions and are not within the scope of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). Contribution revenue earned from activities performed pursuant to research and development grants is reported as grant revenue in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Revenue from these grants is recognized as the Company incurs qualifying expenses as stipulated by the terms of the respective grant. Cash received from grants in advance of incurring qualifying expenses is recorded as deferred revenue. The Company records revenue and a corresponding receivable when qualifying costs are incurred before the grants are received.

Leases

The Company accounts for its leases under ASU 2021-09, ASU 2018-10, and ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”). ASC 842 requires a lessee to record a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability for most lease arrangements on the Company's balance sheet. Under the standard, disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements to assist users of the financial statements with assessing the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases is required.

Leases are classified as either finance leases or operating leases. A lease is classified as a finance lease if any one of the following criteria are met: the lease transfers ownership of the asset by the end of the lease term, the lease contains an option to purchase the asset that is reasonably certain to be exercised, the lease term is for a major part of the remaining useful life of the asset or the present value of the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the asset. A lease is classified as an operating lease if it does not meet any of these criteria.

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For all leases at the lease commencement date, a right-of-use asset and a lease liability are recognized. The right-of-use asset represents the right to use the leased asset for the lease term. The lease liability represents the present value of the lease payments under the lease.

The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which primarily comprises the initial amount of the lease liability, plus any initial direct costs incurred if any, less any lease incentives received. All right-of-use assets are reviewed for impairment. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the secured incremental borrowing rate for the same term as the underlying lease.

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following: the fixed noncancelable lease payments, payments for optional renewal periods where it is reasonably certain the renewal period will be exercised, and payments for early termination options unless it is reasonably certain the lease will not be terminated early.

Lease cost for operating leases consists of the lease payments plus any initial direct costs, primarily brokerage commissions, and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Included in lease cost are any variable lease payments incurred in the period that are not included in the initial lease liability and lease payments incurred in the period for any leases with an initial term of 12 months or less. Lease cost for finance leases consists of the amortization of the right-of-use asset on a straight-line basis over the lease term and interest expense determined on an amortized cost basis. The lease payments are allocated between a reduction of the lease liability and interest expense.

The Company has made an accounting policy election to not recognize leases with an initial term of 12 months or less within our condensed consolidated balance sheets and to recognize those lease payments on a straight-line basis in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss over the lease term.

Equipment and Improvements

Equipment and improvements are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. For financial reporting purposes, depreciation is recognized using the straight-line method, allocating the cost of the assets over their estimated usefulness from three to five years for network equipment, office equipment, and furniture classified as fixed assets.

	Estimated Useful Economic Life
Leasehold property improvements, right-of-use assets	Lesser of lease term or useful life
Furniture and office equipment	5 years
Lab equipment	3 Years
IT equipment	3 years

Fair Value Measurement

The Company has certain financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value which have been classified as Level 1, 2 or 3 within the fair value hierarchy as described in the accounting standards for fair value measurements.

· Level 1 — Fair values are determined utilizing quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access;

· Level 2 — Fair values are determined by utilizing quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in active markets or other market observable inputs such as interest rates, yield curves and foreign currency spot rates; and

· Level 3 — Inputs are unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company’s financial assets, which include cash equivalents and marketable securities, have been initially valued at the transaction price, and subsequently revalued at the end of each reporting period, utilizing third-party pricing services. The pricing services utilize industry standard valuation models, including both income and market based approaches, to determine value and improvements are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation.

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Marketable Securities

The Company's marketable securities consist of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities of less than one year which are classified as available-for-sale and included in current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Available-for-sale debt securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of stockholders’ equity in accumulated other comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses, if any, are included in other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Available-for-sale securities are reviewed for possible impairment at least quarterly, or more frequently if circumstances arise that may indicate impairment. When the fair value of the securities declines below the amortized cost basis, impairment is indicated and it must be determined whether it is other than temporary. Impairment is considered to be other than temporary if the Company: (i) intends to sell the security, (ii) will more likely than not be forced to sell the security before recovering its cost, or (iii) does not expect to recover the security’s amortized cost basis. If the decline in fair value is considered other than temporary, the cost basis of the security is adjusted to its fair market value and the realized loss is reported.

4.Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table summarizes cash equivalents and marketable securities measured at their fair value on a recurring basis as of the following:

	Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2023 Using:
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	13,743,462	$	—	$	—	$	13,743,462
Total	$	13,743,462	$	—	$	—	$	13,743,462
Marketable securities, available-for-sale:
U.S. treasury obligations	$	1,970,260	$	—	$	—	$	1,970,260
Total	$	1,970,260	$	—	$	—	$	1,970,260

	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2022 Using:
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	5,304,405	$	—	$	—	$	5,304,405
Total	$	5,304,405	$	—	$	—	$	5,304,405
Marketable securities, available-for-sale:
U.S. treasury obligations	$	15,861,620	$	—	$	—	$	15,861,620
Total	$	15,861,620	$	—	$	—	$	15,861,620

5.Marketable Securities

Marketable securities consisted of the following:

September 30, 2023	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gain		Unrealized Loss			Fair Value
Marketable securities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury obligations	$	1,970,403	$	—	$	(143	)	$	1,970,260
Total	$	1,970,403	$	—	$	(143	)	$	1,970,260

December 31, 2022	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gain		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
Marketable securities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury obligations	$	15,756,902	$	104,718	$	—	$	15,861,620
Total	$	15,756,902	$	104,718	$	—	$	15,861,620

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As of September 30, 2023, the Company held one U.S. Treasury debt security that was in an unrealized loss position totaling $143. As of December 31, 2022, the Company held three U.S. Treasury debt securities that were in an unrealized gain position totaling $104,718.

The Company received proceeds of $34.4 million from maturities of marketable securities for the period ended September 30, 2023. The Company received proceeds of $4.96 million from maturities of marketable securities for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company did not realize any gains or losses from maturities of marketable securities for the period ended September 30, 2023 or the year ended December 31, 2022.

6.Equipment and Improvements

Equipment and Improvements, net
	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Furniture and office equipment	$	86,930	$	72,692
Lab equipment		—		153,668
IT equipment		16,895		16,895
		103,825		243,255
Less: accumulated depreciation		23,885		6,723
Total	$	79,940	$	236,532

Depreciation expense for three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $6,568 and $170,830, respectively, and $1,681 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

7.Supplemental Balance Sheet Information

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued consulting	$	78,910	$	232,390
Accrued compensation		645,027		459,997
Accrued research and development		1,134,178		1,696,129
Accrued other		100		9,920
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	1,858,215	$	2,398,436

8.Stockholders’ Equity

Each share of common stock is entitled to one vote. The holders of common stock are also entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and when declared by the board of directors, subject to the prior rights of holders of all classes of stock outstanding. As of September 30, 2023, a total of 3,916,003 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants under the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2020 Plan") and the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan.

Share Issuances

On January 25, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement in connection with a registered direct offering and concurrent private placement with an institutional investor. The Company also entered into a securities purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement in connection with a concurrent private placement with the same institutional investor (collectively the "January 2023 Offering"). The January 2023 Offering consisted of (i) 466,799 shares of Common Stock sold at $5.16 per share, (ii) Common Warrants to purchase up to 1,937,985 shares of Common Stock with an exercise price of $5.16, and (iii) Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase up to 1,471,187 shares of Common Stock with an exercise price of $5.16, all issued to Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd ("Armistice"). The warrants will expire on January 27, 2028. As part of the January 2023 Offering, the Company further issued warrants to H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (“Placement Agent Warrants”) to purchase up to 67,830 shares of Common Stock with an exercise price of $6.45 and an expiration date of January 25, 2028. Subsequent to September 30, 2023 the institutional investor has exercised their remaining 813,954 Pre-Funded Warrants.

The Company received net proceeds from the January 2023 Offering of approximately $8.6 million. Effective January 25, 2023, the Company terminated the Equity Distribution Agreement with Piper Sandler & Co. by providing a notice of termination in accordance with the terms of the Equity Distribution Agreement (see Note 10).
 

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In September 2023, the Company issued 12,000 shares of its stock in exchange for digital media consulting services. The fair value of the stock was $17,280 based upon the closing price of the shares on the date of the transaction. Issuance costs were not material. No additional rights or options were granted to this accredited investor in connection with this issuance. This issuance is exempt from registration pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act as transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering.

9.Stock-Based Compensation

2020 Equity Incentive Plan

The Company’s 2020 Plan was established for granting stock incentive awards to directors, officers, employees and consultants to the Company.

Stock Options

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company granted 86,669 options with a weighted average strike price of $4.28 to purchase common stock to certain employees and non-employee members of the Board of Directors. Employee options vest annually in 3 equal parts over 3 years, whilst Board of Directors' options vest over 1 year. The Company granted 25,000 performance-based options with a weighted average strike price of $4.44 to purchase common stock to certain employees. These options are subject to performance vesting and will vest and become exercisable once the performance conditions have been met. There is no assurance that the performance conditions will be met and therefore some or all of these options may never vest or become exercisable. The total aggregate grant date fair value of all options granted was $338,741.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company granted 76,651 options with a weighted average strike price of $5.80 to purchase common stock to certain employees and non-employee members of the Board of Directors. Employee options vest annually in 3 equal parts over 3 years, whilst Board of Directors' options vest over 1 year. The Company granted 62,500 performance-based options with a weighted average strike price of $6.42 to purchase common stock to certain employees. These options are subject to performance vesting and will vest and become exercisable once the performance conditions have been met. There is no assurance that the performance conditions will be met and therefore some or all of these options may never vest or become exercisable. The total aggregate grant date fair value of all options granted was $542,890.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, no defined performance conditions were probable of being met.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense for stock options granted to employees and non-employees:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Research and development	$	41,842	$	32,817	$	120,718	$	98,722
Selling, general and administrative		87,939		68,971		257,181		259,062
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	129,781	$	101,788	$	377,899	$	357,784

10.ATM Program

On May 16, 2022, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Piper Sandler & Co. as sales agent (the “Agent”), pursuant to which the Company may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of its Common Stock, at an aggregate offering price of up to $9.8 million (the “Shares”) through the Agent. Under the terms of the Agreement, the Agent may sell the Shares at market prices by any method that is deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, as amended.
 

Subject to the terms and conditions of the Agreement, the Agent will use its commercially reasonable efforts to sell the Shares from time to time, based upon the Company’s instructions. The Company has no obligation to sell any of the Shares, and may at any time suspend sales under the Agreement or terminate the Agreement in accordance with its terms. The Company has provided the Agent with customary indemnification rights, and the Agent will be entitled to a fixed commission of 3.0% of the aggregate gross

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proceeds from the Shares sold. The Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, and the Company is required to deliver customary closing documents and certificates in connection with sales of the Shares.

Effective January 25, 2023, the Company terminated the Equity Distribution Agreement by providing a notice of termination to the Agent in accordance with the terms of the Equity Distribution Agreement. As of the date of termination, no Shares have been sold under the Agreement.

11.Net Loss Per Share

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share applicable to common stockholders:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(4,595,199	)	$	(4,494,563	)	$	(14,850,943	)	$	(13,775,103	)
Denominator:
Weighted-average number of common shares    outstanding – basic and diluted		5,342,337			4,224,294			5,060,447			4,223,099
Net loss per share applicable to common    stockholders – basic and diluted	$	(0.86	)	$	(1.06	)	$	(2.93	)	$	(3.26	)

The following shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share applicable to common stockholders, prior to the application of the treasury stock method, because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Options to purchase shares of stock		835,913		671,347
Warrants to purchase shares of stock		3,080,090		260,319
Total		3,916,003		931,666

12.Income Taxes

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, there was no provision for income taxes as the Company incurred losses during those periods. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The Company recorded a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets as the Company believes it is more likely than not the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

13.Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. When the Company is aware of a claim or potential claim, it assesses the likelihood of any loss or exposure. If it is probable that a loss will result and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, the Company will record a liability for the loss. In addition to the estimated loss, the recorded liability would include probable and estimable legal costs associated with the claim or potential claim. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm the Company’s business.

Lease

On April 18, 2022, the Company entered into an operating lease agreement for office space at its new location in Lexington, Massachusetts (the "Office Lease"). On August 8, 2022, the Company commenced occupancy of the leased space. The lease runs through September 30, 2025. We have an option to extend the lease term for an additional three (3) years thereafter.

The Company accounts for the Office Lease under the provisions of ASU 2021-09, ASU 2018-10, and ASC 842. We recorded a right-of-use asset and a corresponding operating lease liability on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets upon the accounting commencement date in August 2022. The lease liability was measured at the accounting commencement date utilizing a 12% discount rate. The right-of-use asset had a balance of $250,090 at September 30, 2023. The operating lease obligations totaled

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$270,043 at September 30, 2023, of which $149,030 is included under current liabilities and $121,013 is included under non-current liabilities. The Company recorded lease expense of $35,296 and $105,887 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively included in selling, general and administrative expenses. The Company recorded lease expense relating to the Office Lease of $35,296 and $105,887 and other short-term payments of $5,788 and $17,364 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The Company recorded lease expense relating to the Office Lease of $20,818 and $20,818 and other short-term payments of $5,788 and $43,914 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, in selling, general and administrative expenses.

The Office Lease contains escalating payments during the lease period. Upon execution of the Office Lease, the Company prepaid one month of rent and a security deposit, one of which will be held in escrow and credited at the termination of the lease and the other of which will be applied to the first month’s rent.

As of September 30, 2023, a security deposit of approximately $25,000 was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet related to the Office Lease.

Future minimum lease payments under these leases at September 30, 2023, are presented by calendar year as follows:

Year
2023	$	37,258
2024		150,095
2025		114,965
Total lease payments		302,318
Less: imputed interest		(32,275	)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	270,043

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Report”) (including but not limited to this Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”) contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are intended to qualify for the “safe harbor” created by those sections. In addition, we may make forward-looking statements in other documents filed with or furnished to the SEC, and our management and other representatives may make forward-looking statements orally or in writing to analysts, investors, representatives of the media and others. You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Report. This discussion and analysis and other parts of this Report contain forward-looking statements based upon current beliefs, plans and expectations related to future events and our future financial performance that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions, such as statements regarding our intentions, plans, objectives, expectations, forecasts and projections. Our actual results and the timing of selected events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of several factors.

All statements included or incorporated by reference in this Report, other than statements or characterizations of historical fact, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and include, but are not limited to, statements using terminology such as “can”, “may”, “could”, “should”, “assume”, “forecasts”, “believe”, “designed to”, “will”, “expect”, “plan”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “potential”, “position”, “predicts”, “strategy”, “guidance”, “intend”, “seek”, “budget”, “project” or “continue”, or the negative thereof or other comparable terminology regarding beliefs, plans, expectations or intentions regarding the future. You should read statements that contain these words carefully because they:

• discuss our future expectations;

• contain projections of our clinical trials, future results of operations or of our financial condition; and

• state other “forward-looking” information.

We believe it is important to communicate our expectations. However, forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates, approximations and projections about our business and our industry and management’s beliefs, all of which are subject to change. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors. Accordingly, our actual results and the timing of certain events may differ materially and adversely from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors and risks, including, but not limited to, those set forth in this Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Report, those set forth from time to time in our other filings with the SEC, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, as amended, and the following factors and risks:

• We are a clinical-stage drug development company with limited resources, a limited operating history and have no products approved for commercial sale, which may make it difficult to evaluate our current business and predict our future success and viability;

• While the FDA has placed no restrictions on our current clinical programs with Risvodetinib (IkT-148009) and IkT-001Pro, we cannot guarantee that restrictions won’t arise in the future;

• If we are unable to successfully raise additional capital, our future clinical trials and product development could be limited and our long-term viability may be threatened;

• Drug development is a highly uncertain undertaking and involves a substantial degree of risk. We have never generated any revenue from product sales, we may never generate any revenue from product sales, and we may fail to generate further revenue from grants or contracts or to be profitable;

• The wars between Russia and Ukraine and Israel and Hamas could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition;

• Our results of operations have been adversely affected and, in the future, could be materially adversely impacted by the COVID-19 virus;

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• Adverse developments affecting financial institutions, companies in the financial services industry or the financial services industry generally, including those we do business with, could adversely affect our operations and liquidity;

• We have incurred significant net losses since our inception and anticipate that we will continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future;

• Due to the significant resources required for the development of our programs, and depending on our ability to access capital, we must prioritize development of certain product candidates;

• Our business is highly dependent on the success of our initial product candidates targeting neurodegenerative diseases;

• We currently contract with various research institutions to perform the research and development activities needed to develop our products, and if we ever choose to or need to find alternative research institutions, we may not be able to do so at all or, if we are able to do so, it may be costly and may cause significant delays in the development and commercialization of our products;

• Positive results from early preclinical or clinical studies of our product candidates are not necessarily predictive of the results of later preclinical studies and any current and future clinical trials of our product candidates;

• We have no history of completing clinical trials for novel drug substances or commercializing pharmaceutical products, which may make it difficult to evaluate the prospects for our future viability;

• Our clinical trials may reveal significant adverse events, toxicities or other side effects not seen in our preclinical and prior clinical studies and may result in a safety profile that could inhibit regulatory approval or market acceptance of any of our product candidates;

• We have concentrated much of our research and development efforts on the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, a field that has seen limited success in drug development;

• We may encounter substantial delays in our current and planned clinical trials, or may not be able to conduct or complete our clinical trials on the timelines we expect, if at all;

• Our current and planned clinical trials may fail to demonstrate substantial evidence of the safety and efficacy of our product candidates, which would prevent, delay or limit the scope of regulatory approval and commercialization;

• Clinical development is a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome, and failure can occur at any stage of clinical development;

• The manufacture of our product candidates is complex and difficulties may be encountered in production;

• If, in the future, we are unable to establish sales and marketing capabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to sell and market any product candidates we may develop, we may not be successful in commercializing those product candidates if and when they are approved;

• Even if any product candidates we develop receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, healthcare payors, and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success;

• Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidates, such products may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, third-party reimbursement practices, or healthcare reform initiatives, which would harm our business;

• The regulatory approval processes of the FDA, EMA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities are lengthy, time consuming, and inherently unpredictable. Regulatory authorities have substantial discretion in the approval process and may refuse to accept an application, may disagree with our regulatory strategy or proposed pathway for approval or may decide that our data are insufficient for approval and require additional preclinical, clinical or other studies;

• We expect to depend in whole or in part on collaborations with third parties for the research, development and commercialization of any product candidates we may develop;

• We contract with third parties for the manufacture of materials for our research programs, preclinical studies and current clinical trials and expect to continue to do so for any future clinical trials and for commercialization of any product candidates that we may develop;

• We depend on a small number of third-party suppliers for key raw materials used in the manufacturing processes for our product candidates, and the loss of these third-party suppliers or their inability to supply us with adequate raw materials could harm our business;

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• If we are unable to obtain and maintain patent protection for any product candidates we develop, our competitors could develop and commercialize products or technology similar or identical to ours, and our ability to successfully commercialize any product candidates we may develop, and our technology may be adversely affected; and

• An insider controls a significant number of shares of our Common Stock, which could limit your ability to affect the outcome of key transactions, including a change of control.

Any or all of our forward-looking statements may turn out to be wrong. They may be affected by inaccurate assumptions that we might make or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements.

All forward-looking statements and risk factors included in this Report are made as of the date hereof, in each case based on information available to us as of the date hereof, and we assume no obligations to update any forward-looking statement or risk factor, unless we are required to do so by law. If we do update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make updates with respect to other forward-looking statements or that we will make any further updates to those forward-looking statements at any future time.

Forward-looking statements may include our plans and objectives for future operations, including plans and objectives relating to our product candidates and our future economic performance, projections, business strategy and timing and likelihood of success. Assumptions relating to the forward-looking statements included in this Report involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions, future business decisions, and the time and money required to successfully complete development and commercialization of our product candidates, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control.

Any of the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements contained in this Report could prove inaccurate and, therefore, we cannot assure you that any of the results or events contemplated in any of such forward-looking statements will be realized. Based on the significant uncertainties inherent in these forward-looking statements, the inclusion of any such statement should not be regarded as a representation or as a guarantee by us that our objectives or plans will be achieved, and we caution you against relying on any of the forward-looking statements contained herein.

Overview

We are a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company developing protein kinase inhibitor therapeutics to modify the course of Parkinson’s disease (“PD”), Parkinson’s-related disorders and other diseases of the Abelson Tyrosine Kinases. The Company’s multi-therapeutic pipeline has a primary focus on neurodegeneration and its lead program utilizing Risvodetinib (also known as IkT-148009), a selective inhibitor of the non-receptor Abelson Tyrosine Kinases, targets the treatment of Parkinson’s disease inside and outside the brain as well as other diseases that arise from Abelson Tyrosine Kinases. In 2021, we commenced clinical development of Risvodetinib (IkT-148009), which we believe can modify the course of Parkinson’s disease including its manifestation in the gastrointestinal tract, or GI. In January 2023, the Company initiated its Phase 2 program, termed ‘the 201 trial’ (www.the201trial.com), for Risvodetinib (IkT-148009) as a treatment for Parkinson’s disease and began the process of opening sites in the U.S. As of the date of this report, 28 sites are open and actively evaluating prospective trial participants. Twenty-four participants have been enrolled, 9 prospective participants are in screening and 16 potential participants are going through informed consents. Five participants have completed the 12 week dosing regimen. Through the pre-qualification questionnaire at ‘the201trial.com’, an additional 201 unique individuals have contacted open clinical sites, the first step in the evaluation process that could lead to enrollment. Monthly site enrollments have increased month-over-month since this patient outreach program was initiated. As such, we believe a more rapid path to enrollment is emerging through the public outreach/awareness campaign led by ‘the201trial.com’ website. The emerging path to complete enrollment has prompted us to take further advantage of this multi-dose study by planning to extend the 201 trial by an additional 12 months, subject to additional financing.

The twelve-week 201 trial is evaluating three doses in participants who have untreated Parkinson’s disease on a staggered schedule and is placebo controlled with 1:1:1:1 randomization. The primary endpoints of this trial are safety and tolerability and a hierarchy of 15 secondary endpoints will evaluate treatment benefit in the brain and GI tract. The recent analysis of 11 patients who participated in the 201 trial prior to the temporary clinical hold imposed by the FDA in 2022, which was lifted in January, 2023, suggested that risvodetinib may be leading to a clinical benefit. These participants were withdrawn from the trial following the FDA’s temporary clinical hold. As detailed at the Movement Disorder Society Congress held August, 2023, the primary functional assessment, a sum of Parts 2 and 3 of the Movement Disorder Society Universal Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS Parts II+III) showed an average -8.7 point improvement in the three participants on the 200 mg dose relative to baseline, while 3 placebo participants increased by +1.7 points; this represents an average spread of -10.4 points. A lower (or negative) change relative to placebo of greater than +3 to +6 points might be a measure of improvement. Given the small sample size on this dose, we believe it

16

is premature to conclude a clinical benefit, but this observation reinforces our desire to extend the trial for an additional 12 months to potentially obtain a clearer picture of clinical benefit.

In March 2023, the Company opened its IND for IkT-148009 as a treatment for the orphan disease Multiple System Atrophy or MSA. Our evaluation of Risvodetinib (IkT-148009) in MSA was benefited by a grant received from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, an Institute of the National Institutes of Health, for $0.39 million to fund animal model studies of Risvodetinib (IkT-148009) as a therapy for MSA. Two animal studies are under way, with one model evaluating the ability of Risvodetinib (IkT-148009) to modify disease early in its progression, while the second model evaluating whether Risvodetinib (IkT-148009) can correct functional loss much later in the disease course. The early progression model study has been shown to preserve nearly normal functional activity following 20 weeks of once daily dosing relative to untreated controls. Preservation of function in this model occurred with substantial reduction of the underlying alpha-synuclein protein pathology. In addition, Risvodetinib recently was granted Orphan Drug Designation by the FDA for the treatment of MSA. We are working to initiate a Phase 2 study in MSA patients in the U.S. and EU, and we are discussing execution of the trial with private foundation, Federal and industry stakeholders in an effort to initiate this trial in the future.

The Company is also developing platform technologies to improve delivery of protein kinase inhibitors in patients. One example of our potential ability to improve drug delivery is IkT-001Pro, a prodrug of the anticancer agent imatinib mesylate, which is intended to treat Stable Phase Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (SP-CML). IkT-001Pro has completed a three-part dose finding/dose equivalence study in 66 healthy volunteers (known as ‘the 501 trial’). The study was designed to evaluate the 96-hour pharmacokinetics of imatinib delivered as IkT-001Pro and determine the dose of IkT-001Pro that can deliver the equivalent of either 400 mg or 600 mg imatinib mesylate, the standard-of-care drug for SP-CML. As of the date of this report, bioequivalence to 400 mg imatinib mesylate and 600 mg imatinib mesylate has been established for a 600 mg dose and a 900 mg dose of IkT-001Pro, respectively. Adverse events observed in the dose escalation and dose equivalent phases have been mild and none of clinical significance. IkT-001Pro has high oral bioavailability and a pharmacokinetic profile of delivered imatinib that closely matches the exposure of imatinib delivered as imatinib mesylate. The Company is submitting briefing documents to the FDA to reach agreement on the requirements for approval of IkT-001Pro under the 505(b)(2) statute.

A second example of our potential ability to improve drug delivery through formulation development is the tablet formulation of IkT-148009, which we measured to nearly double the concentration of IkT-148009 delivered relative to the same dose previously administered as a gelatin capsule. This provides the opportunity to lower the oral dose which could lead to further safety and tolerability improvements for IkT-148009. The Company plans to introduce the tablet formulation into the 12-month extension study, once implemented, as well as in all future clinical trials.

In our opinion, the multi-decade failures in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD result from a lack of understanding of the biochemistry of the disease processes involved. Neurodegeneration is marked by a progressive degeneration and loss of function of neurons which send and receive signals to and from the brain. Historically, the cause of a neurodegenerative disease was thought to be a “plaque” made up of a misfolded and/or aggregated protein(s). Therapeutic approaches, therefore, sought to remove “plaque” from the brain. A “plaque”-focused treatment strategy has failed to alter the course of Parkinson’s disease in two Phase 2 trials that reported results in 2020 and 2021. We believe we are different. We identified the proteins that become dysfunctional in a disease pathway and sought to understand how a dysfunctional protein causes disease and published those results in several high-profile peer reviewed publications. We believe our approach to PD and other neurological diseases has identified the underlying cause of disease and led to an understanding of how individual proteins are linked together to define the disease process. We believe our approach to neurodegenerative disease is validated by our 2022 and 2023 publications and oral presentations at the major academic and industry conferences in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases.

Impact of the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the war between Israel and Hamas

In late February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine, significantly amplifying already existing geopolitical tensions among Russia and other countries in the region and in the west, including the U.S. Russia’s invasion, the responses of countries and political bodies to Russia’s actions, the larger overarching tensions, and Ukraine’s military response and the potential for wider conflict have resulted in financial market volatility and capital markets disruption and inflation, potentially increasing in magnitude, and could have severe adverse effects on regional and global economic markets and international relations. The extent and duration of the military action, sanctions and resulting market disruptions are impossible to predict, but could be substantial.

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Following Russia’s actions, various countries, including the U.S., Canada and the United Kingdom, as well as the European Union, issued broad-ranging economic sanctions against Russia. The current sanctions (and potential further sanctions in response to continued Russian military activity) and other actions may have adverse effects on regional and global economic markets and lead to instability and lack of liquidity in capital markets, potentially making it more difficult for us to obtain additional funds and increasing the volatility of our stock price. Any of the above mentioned factors could affect our business, prospects, financial condition, and operating results.

Further, on October 7, 2023, Hamas, a U.S. designated Foreign Terrorist Organization, launched terrorist attacks against Israel. Israel then declared war on Hamas and there is currently an armed conflict in Israel and the Gaza Strip. The extent and duration of the wars in Ukraine and Israel/Gaza and expanding geopolitical tensions and any resulting market disruptions could be significant and could potentially have a substantial impact on the global economy and our business for an unknown period of time. Any of the above-mentioned factors could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We are also monitoring other macro-economic and geopolitical developments such as inflation and cybersecurity risks so that we can be prepared to react to new developments as they arise.
 

Components of Operating Results

Operating Expenses

Research and Development

Research and development activities account for a significant portion of our operating expenses. We record research and development expenses as incurred. Research and development expenses incurred by us for the discovery and development of our product candidates and prodrug technologies include:

•external research and development expenses, including expenses incurred under arrangements with third parties, such as CROs, preclinical testing organizations, clinical testing organizations, CMOs, academic and non-profit institutions and consultants;

•fees related to our license and collaboration agreements;

•personnel related expenses, including salaries, benefits and non-cash stock-based compensation expense; and

•other expenses, which include direct and allocated expenses for laboratory, facilities and other costs.

A portion of our research and development expenses are direct external expenses, which we track on a program-specific basis from inception of the program.

Program expenses include expenses associated with our most advanced product candidates and the discovery and development of compounds that are potential future candidates. We also track external expenses associated with our third-party research and development efforts. All external costs are tracked by therapeutic indication. We do not track personnel or other operating expenses incurred for our research and development programs on a program-specific basis. These expenses primarily relate to salaries and benefits and stock-based compensation and office consumables.

At this time, we can only estimate the nature, timing and costs of the efforts that will be necessary to complete the development of, and obtain regulatory approval for, any of our product candidates. We are also unable to predict when, if ever, material net cash inflows will commence from sales or licensing of our product candidates. This is due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with drug development, including the uncertainty of:

•our ability to add and retain key research and development personnel and other key employees;

•our ability to successfully file IND and NDA applications with the FDA;

•our ability to conduct and commence trials;

•our ability to establish an appropriate safety profile with IND-enabling toxicology studies;

•our ability to successfully develop, obtain regulatory approval for, and then successfully commercialize, our product candidates;

•our successful enrollment in and completion of our current and future clinical trials;

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•the costs associated with the development of any additional product candidates we identify in-house or acquire through collaborations;

•our ability to discover, develop and utilize biomarkers to demonstrate target engagement, pathway engagement and the impact on disease progression of our molecules;

•our ability to establish agreements with third party manufacturers for clinical supply for any future clinical trials and commercial manufacturing, if our product candidates are approved;

•the terms and timing of any collaboration, license or other arrangement, including the terms and timing of any milestone payments thereunder;

•our ability to obtain and maintain patent, trade secret and other intellectual property protection and regulatory exclusivity for our product candidates if and when approved;

•our receipt of marketing approvals from applicable regulatory authorities;

•the impact of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic which has had an adverse impact on our business, including our preclinical studies and clinical trials;

•our ability to commercialize products, if and when approved, whether alone or in collaboration with others; and

•the continued acceptable safety profiles of the product candidates following approval.

A change in any of these variables with respect to the development of any of our product candidates would significantly change the costs, timing and viability associated with the development of that product candidate. We expect our research and development expenses to increase for the next several years as we continue to implement our business strategy, advance our current programs, expand our research and development efforts, seek regulatory approvals for any product candidates that successfully complete clinical trials, access and develop additional product candidates and incur expenses associated with hiring additional personnel to support our research and development efforts. In addition, product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally incur higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage clinical trials.

Our direct research and development expenses consist principally of external costs, such as fees paid to investigators, consultants, central laboratories and CROs in connection with our clinical studies, and costs related to acquiring and manufacturing clinical study materials. We allocate salary and benefit costs directly related to specific programs. We do not allocate personnel-related discretionary bonus or stock-based compensation costs, laboratory and related expenses, depreciation or other indirect costs that are deployed across multiple projects under development and, as such, the costs are separately classified as other research and development expenses in the table below:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		Change
PD	$	2,671,665	$	2,458,275	$	213,390
MSA		76,224		45,539		30,685
CML		247,291		323,742		(76,451	)
Other research and development expenses		230,371		154,097		76,274
Total research and development expenses	$	3,225,551	$	2,981,653	$	243,898
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		Change
PD	$	6,922,450	$	7,352,529	$	(430,079	)
MSA		255,630		426,250		(170,620	)
CML		2,559,294		705,492		1,853,802
Other research and development expenses		877,994		496,556		381,438
Total research and development expenses	$	10,615,368	$	8,980,827	$	1,634,541

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses include personnel related expenses, such as salaries, benefits, travel and non-cash stock-based compensation expense, expenses for outside professional services and allocated expenses. Outside professional services consist of legal, accounting and audit services, investor relations services and other consulting fees. Allocated expenses consist of rent

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expenses related to our offices in Lexington, Massachusetts and Atlanta, Georgia not otherwise included in research and development expenses.

We are incurring additional expenses as compared to when we were a private company, including expenses related to compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and those of Nasdaq, additional insurance expenses, investor relations activities and other administrative and professional services. We also are increasing our administrative headcount as a public company and as we advance our product candidates through clinical development, which will also likely require us to increase our selling, general and administrative expenses.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

The following table sets forth the significant components of our results of operations:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						Change
	2023			2022			($)			(%)
	(unaudited)
Grant revenue	$	79,569		$	7,291		$	72,278			991.3
Research and development		(3,225,551	)		(2,981,653	)		(243,898	)		8.2
Selling, general and administrative		(1,622,894	)		(1,538,737	)		(84,157	)		5.5
Loss from operations		(4,768,876	)		(4,513,099	)		(255,777	)		(5.7	)
Interest income		173,677			18,536			155,141			837.0
Net loss	$	(4,595,199	)	$	(4,494,563	)	$	(100,636	)		(2.2	)

Grant Revenue

Grant revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023, increased by $72,278 or 991% to $79,569 from $7,291 in the prior year comparable period. During 2023, the Company continued to focus on advancing its Phase I and II PD clinical trials which were not submitted for grant revenue. Grant revenue for the period consisted of preclinical MSA research activities.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses increased by $243,898 or 8% to $3,225,551 from $2,981,653 in the prior year comparable period. The increase in research and development expenses for the third quarter 2023 was due to the Company's ongoing Phase 2a ‘201’ PD clinical trial costs.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $84,157 or 6% to $1,622,894 from $1,538,737 in the prior year comparable period. The increase was driven by a net increase in normal selling, general and administrative expenses.

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Interest Income

Interest income increased by $155,141 or 837% to $173,677 from $18,536 in the prior comparable period. The increase was driven by interest earned on U.S. Treasuries and money market instruments commencing in July 2022.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

The following table sets forth the significant components of our results of operations:

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,						Change
	2023			2022			($)			(%)
	(unaudited)
Grant revenue	$	260,500		$	59,874		$	200,626			335.1
Research and development		(10,615,368	)		(8,980,827	)		(1,634,541	)		18.2
Selling, general and administrative		(5,331,358	)		(4,872,681	)		(458,677	)		9.4
Loss from operations		(15,686,226	)		(13,793,634	)		(1,892,592	)		13.7
Interest income		835,283			18,531			816,752			4,407.5
Net loss	$	(14,850,943	)	$	(13,775,103	)	$	(1,075,840	)		7.8

Grant Revenue

Grant revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, increased by $200,626 or 335% to $260,500 from $59,874 in the prior year comparable period. During 2023, the Company continued to focus on advancing its Phase I and II PD clinical trials which were not submitted for grant revenue. Grant revenue consisted of preclinical MSA research activities.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses increased by $1,634,541 or 18% to $10,615,368 from $8,980,827 in the prior year comparable period. The increase in research and development expenses was due to the Company's ongoing Phase 2a ‘201’ PD clinical trial costs.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $458,677 or 9% to $5,331,358 from $4,872,681 in the prior year comparable period. The increase was driven by a net increase in normal selling, general and administrative expenses.

Interest Income

Interest income increased by $816,752 or 4,408% to $835,283 from $18,531 in the prior comparable period. The increase was driven by interest earned on U.S. Treasuries and money market instruments commencing in July 2022.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

From our inception up until our December 2020 IPO, we funded our operations primarily through private, state and federal contracts and grants. From our inception through September 30, 2023, we generated aggregate cash proceeds of approximately $23.6 million from private, state and federal contracts and grants. In December 2020, June 2021, and January 2023, the Company raised approximately $14.6 million, $41.1 million, and $8.6 million, respectively, in net proceeds from its 2020 IPO, its June 2021 Offering, and its January 2023 Offering, respectively.

On May 16, 2022, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement (the “Equity Distribution Agreement”) with Piper Sandler & Co., as sales agent (the “Agent”), pursuant to which the Company may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of its Common Stock, in an aggregate offering price of up to $9,801,287 through the Agent. Under the terms of the Equity Distribution Agreement, the Agent may sell the shares of Common Stock at market prices by any method that is deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act. No shares of Common Stock were sold pursuant to the Equity Distribution Agreement. Effective January 25, 2023, the Company terminated the Equity Distribution Agreement by providing a notice of termination to the Agent in accordance with the terms of the Equity Distribution Agreement.

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At September 30, 2023, the Company had working capital of $14,808,866, an accumulated deficit of $62,722,785, cash and cash equivalents of $14,861,309, marketable securities of $1,970,260 and accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $2,741,806.

Future Funding Requirements

To date, we have not generated any revenue from the sale of commercial products. We do not expect to generate any significant revenue from product sales unless and until we obtain regulatory approval of and successfully commercialize any of our product candidates and we do not know when, or if, this will occur. We expect to continue to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future, and we expect the losses to increase as we continue the development of, and seek regulatory approvals for, our product candidates, and begin to commercialize any future approved products. We are subject to all of the risks typically related to the development of new product candidates, and we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may adversely affect our business. Moreover, following the completion of the December 2020 IPO, we incurred additional costs associated with operating as a public company. We anticipate that we will need substantial additional funding in connection with our continuing operations.

Until we can generate a sufficient amount of revenue from the commercialization of our product candidates, if ever, we expect to finance our incremental cash needs through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, working capital lines of credit, grant funding and potential licenses and collaboration agreements. Additional working capital may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital in sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable to us, we may have to significantly delay, reduce or discontinue the development or commercialization of one or more of our product candidates. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of additional debt or equity securities, it could result in dilution to our existing stockholders, increased fixed payment obligations and the existence of securities with rights that may be senior to those of our common stock. If we incur indebtedness, we could become subject to covenants that would restrict our operations and potentially impair our competitiveness, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional debt, limitations on our ability to acquire, sell or license intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability to conduct our business. Additionally, any future collaborations we enter into with third parties may provide capital in the near term but limit our potential cash flow and revenue in the future. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Since our inception, we have incurred significant losses and negative cash flows from operations. We have an accumulated deficit of $62,722,785 at September 30, 2023. We expect to incur substantial additional losses in the future as we conduct and expand our research and development activities.

We may seek to fund our operations through public equity or private equity or debt financings, as well as other sources. However, we may be unable to raise additional working capital, or if we are able to raise additional working capital we may be unable to do so on commercially favorable terms. Our failure to raise capital or enter into such other arrangements if and when needed would have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition and our ability to continue to develop our product candidates.

The Company had working capital of $14,808,866 at September 30, 2023. The Company intends to raise additional working capital in order to carry on its operations and current clinical trials. However, as certain elements of the Company’s operating plan are outside of the Company’s control, including the receipt of anticipated future grants and funding from a future capital raise, they cannot be considered probable. If the Company does not receive additional working capital from future anticipated grants and future anticipated capital raises, its operating plan will be limited in scope to operating at its pre-IPO levels which were limited to basic research and development but excluded current and planned future clinical trials.

We believe that our existing cash resources as of September 30, 2023 will enable us to fund our operating requirements into the fourth quarter of 2024. However, we have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could deplete our working capital sooner than planned.

The timing and amount of our operating expenditures will depend largely on:

•the timing and progress of preclinical and clinical development activities;

•the number and scope of preclinical and clinical programs we decide to pursue;

•possible delays or interruptions to preclinical studies, clinical trials, our receipt of services from our third-party service providers on whom we rely;

•the progress of the development efforts of third parties with whom we have entered into license and collaboration agreements;

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•our ability to maintain our current research and development programs and to establish new research and development, license or collaboration arrangements;

•our ability and success in securing manufacturing relationships with third parties or, in the future, in establishing and operating a manufacturing facility;

•the costs involved in prosecuting, defending and enforcing patent claims and other intellectual property claims;

•the cost and timing of regulatory approvals;

•our efforts to enhance operational, financial and information management systems and hire additional personnel, including personnel to support development of our product candidates; and

•the costs and ongoing investments to in-license and/or acquire additional technologies.

A change in the outcome of any of these or other variables with respect to the development of any of our product candidates could significantly change the costs and timing associated with the development of that product candidate. Furthermore, our operating plans may change in the future, and we may need additional funds to meet operational needs and capital requirements associated with such operating plans.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth a summary of the primary sources and uses of cash for each of the periods presented below:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(14,642,612	)	$	(13,794,729	)
Net cash provided by / (used in) investing activities		13,772,261			(20,968,717	)
Net cash provided by / (used in) financing activities		8,543,107			(204,769	)
Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	$	7,672,756		$	(34,968,215	)

Net Cash Flows Used in Operating Activities

Net cash flows used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, totaled $14,642,612, and consisted primarily of a net loss of $14,850,943 adjusted for non-cash stock compensation of $377,899, depreciation and lease expense of $168,139, increase in non cash consulting and marketing fees of $17,280, decrease in accounts receivable of $39,881, decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets of $208,086, increase in prepaid research and development of $770,051, decrease in accounts payable of $416,612, and a decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $540,221.

Net cash flows used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, totaled $13,794,729, and consisted primarily of a net loss of $13,775,103 adjusted for non-cash stock compensation of $357,784, non-cash consulting fees of $67,000, a decrease of $825,419 in prepaid research and development, an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $996,801, a decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $449,718, a decrease in accounts payable of $308,555, and an increase in grants receivable of $96,299.

Cash provided by / (Used in) Investing Activities

Net cash flows provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 totaled $13,772,261, of which $20,629,391 was used for the purchase of marketable securities investments and $34,415,890 million was provided by maturity of marketable securities.

Net cash flows used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, totaled $20,968,717, of which $243,255 was used for the purchase of equipment and $20,725,462 was used for the purchase of marketable securities investments.

Cash provided by / (Used in) Financing Activities

Net cash flows provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 totaled $8,543,107, which consisted of net proceeds from issuance of common stock and pre-funded warrants primarily in connection with our January 2023 Offering.

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Net cash flows used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, totaled $204,769, which primarily was from the full settlement of the CEO Note on January 3, 2022 offset by proceeds from a stock option exercise.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

On April 18, 2022, the Company entered into an operating lease agreement through September 30, 2025 for its office space in Lexington, Massachusetts. The Lexington lease contains escalating payments during the lease period. Upon execution of this lease agreement, the Company prepaid one month of rent, applied to the first month's rent, and a security deposit, which will be held in escrow and credited at the termination of the lease. Our total lease obligation is $270,043, consisting of minimum annual rental obligations of $37,258 for fiscal year 2023, $150,095 for fiscal year 2024 and $114,965 for fiscal year 2025.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or US GAAP. The preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. While our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report, we believe that the following accounting policies are critical to understanding our historical and future performance, as these policies relate to the more significant areas involving management’s judgments and estimates.

Research and Development Expenses

We record research and development expenses to operations as incurred. Research and development expenses represent costs incurred by us for the discovery and development of our product candidates and the development of our RAMP™ drug discovery program and prodrug technologies and include: employee-related expenses, such as salaries, benefits, travel and non-cash stock-based compensation expense; external research and development expenses incurred under arrangements with third parties, such as CROs, preclinical testing organizations, clinical testing organizations, CMOs, academic and non-profit institutions and consultants; costs to acquire technologies to be used in research and development that have not reached technological feasibility and have no alternative future use; license fees; and other expenses, which include direct and allocated expenses for laboratory, facilities and other costs.

As part of the process of preparing financial statements, we are required to estimate and accrue expenses. A portion of our research and development expenses is comprised of external costs, which we track on a program-specific basis. We record the estimated expenses of research and development activities conducted by third-party service providers as they are incurred and provided within research and development expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. These services include the conduct of clinical studies, preclinical studies and consulting services. These costs are a significant component of our research and development expenses.

Costs for research and development activities are recognized based on costs incurred. We make significant judgments and estimates in determining the accrued balance in each reporting period. As actual costs become known, we adjust our accrued estimates. Although we do not expect our estimates to be materially different from amounts actually incurred, our understanding of the status and timing of services performed may vary from our estimates and could result in us reporting amounts that are too high or too low in any particular period. Our accrued expenses are dependent, in part, upon the receipt of timely and accurate reporting from external clinical research organizations and other third-party service providers. Due to the nature of estimates, we cannot assure you that we will not make changes to our estimates in the future as we become aware of additional information about the status or conduct of our clinical trials and other research activities.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide disclosure regarding quantitative and qualitative market risk.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this Report. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objective and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of September 30, 2023.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, we may become involved in litigation or other legal proceedings. We are not currently a party to any material litigation or legal proceedings. Regardless of outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Not applicable as we are a smaller reporting company.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company issued 12,000 shares of its common stock in exchange for digital media consulting services. All such securities were issued without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in reliance upon the exemption afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of that Act.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

			Incorporated by Reference to SEC Filing
Exhibit No.	Filed Exhibit Description	Form	Exhibit No.	File No.	Date Filed
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Inhibikase Therapeutics, Inc., as most recently amended and restated effective Wednesday, December 23, 2020.	8-K	3.1	001-39676	12/29/2020
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Inhibikase Therapeutics, Inc., as most recently amended and restated effective Wednesday, December 28, 2020.	8-K	3.2	001-39676	12/29/2020
3.3	Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Inhibikase Therapeutics, Inc.	8-K	3.1	001-39676	06/29/2023
31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101)

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

# A contract, compensatory plan or arrangement to which a director or executive officers is a party or in which one or more directors or executive officers are eligible to participate.

Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 are being furnished and shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall such exhibits be deemed to be incorporated by reference in any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except as otherwise stated in any such filing.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	Inhibikase Therapeutics, Inc.
Date: November 14, 2023	By:	/s/ MILTON H. WERNER, Ph.D.
		Milton H. Werner, Ph.D.
		Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: November 14, 2023	By:	/s/ JOSEPH FRATTAROLI
		Joseph Frattaroli
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

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EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Milton H. Werner, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Inhibikase Therapeutics, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Milton H. Werner

Milton H. Werner, Ph.D.

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: November 14, 2023

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Joseph Frattaroli, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Inhibikase Therapeutics, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Joseph Frattaroli

Joseph Frattaroli

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

Date: November 14, 2023

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF

PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Inhibikase Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended September 30, 2023 (the “Report”), the undersigned hereby certifies in his capacity as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2. the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: November 14, 2023	By:	/s/ Milton H. Werner
		Milton H. Werner, Ph.D.
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF

PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Inhibikase Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended September 30, 2023 (the “Report”), the undersigned hereby certifies in his capacity as Chief Financial Officer of the Company pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2. the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: November 14, 2023	By:	/s/ Joseph Frattaroli
		Joseph Frattaroli
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Nov. 01, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Trading Symbol	IKT
Entity Registrant Name	INHIBIKASE THERAPEUTICS, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001750149
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity File Number	001-39676
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Tax Identification Number	26-3407249
Entity Address, Address Line One	3350 Riverwood Parkway SE
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 1900
Entity Address, City or Town	Atlanta
Entity Address, State or Province	GA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	30339
City Area Code	678
Local Phone Number	392-3419
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.001 par value
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		6,174,280

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 14,861,309	$ 7,188,553
Marketable securities	1,970,260	15,861,620
Accounts receivable	0	39,881
Prepaid research and development	347,565	1,117,616
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	371,538	163,452
Total current assets	17,550,672	24,371,122
Equipment and improvements	79,940	236,532
Right-of-use asset	250,090	328,643
Total assets	17,880,702	24,936,297
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	734,561	1,151,173
Lease obligation, current	149,030	145,836
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	1,858,215	2,398,436
Total current liabilities	2,741,806	3,695,445
Lease obligation, net of current portion	121,013	205,451
Total liabilities	2,862,819	3,900,896
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	0	0
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 5,3603,266 and 4,224,294 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	5,361	4,224
Additional paid-in capital	77,735,450	68,798,301
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(143)	104,718
Accumulated deficit	(62,722,785)	(47,871,842)
Total stockholders' equity	15,017,883	21,035,401
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 17,880,702	$ 24,936,297

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	5,360,326	4,224,294
Common stock, shares outstanding	5,360,326	4,224,294

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 79,569	$ 7,291	$ 260,500	$ 59,874
Costs and expenses:
Research and development	3,225,551	2,981,653	10,615,368	8,980,827
Selling, general and administrative	1,622,894	1,538,737	5,331,358	4,872,681
Total costs and expenses	4,848,445	4,520,390	15,946,726	13,853,508
Loss from operations	(4,768,876)	(4,513,099)	(15,686,226)	(13,793,634)
Interest income	173,677	18,536	835,283	18,531
Net loss	(4,595,199)	(4,494,563)	(14,850,943)	(13,775,103)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities	1,571	26,828	(104,861)	26,828
Comprehensive Loss	$ (4,593,628)	$ (4,467,735)	$ (14,955,804)	$ (13,748,275)
Net loss per share - basic	$ (0.86)	$ (1.06)	$ (2.93)	$ (3.26)
Net loss per share - diluted	$ (0.86)	$ (1.06)	$ (2.93)	$ (3.26)
Weighted average number of common share - basic	5,342,337	4,224,294	5,060,447	4,223,099
Weighted average number of common share - diluted	5,342,337	4,224,294	5,060,447	4,223,099

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss)	Accumulated Deficit
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 38,415,549	$ 4,212	$ 68,229,024		$ (29,817,687)
Beginning balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2021		4,212,317
Stock-based compensation expense	123,229		123,229
Issuance of common stock for services	67,000	$ 8	66,992
Issuance of common stock for services, shares		8,334
Issuance of common stock, stock options exercised	44,142	$ 4	44,138
Issuance of common stock, stock options exercised, Shares		3,643
Net loss	(4,640,601)				(4,640,601)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2022	34,009,319	$ 4,224	68,463,383		(34,458,288)
Ending balance, Shares at Mar. 31, 2022		4,224,294
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	38,415,549	$ 4,212	68,229,024		(29,817,687)
Beginning balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2021		4,212,317
Net loss	(13,775,103)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022	25,136,200	$ 4,224	68,697,938	$ 26,828	(43,592,790)
Ending balance, Shares at Sep. 30, 2022		4,224,294
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2022	34,009,319	$ 4,224	68,463,383		(34,458,288)
Beginning balance, Shares at Mar. 31, 2022		4,224,294
Stock-based compensation expense	132,767		132,767
Net loss	(4,639,939)				(4,639,939)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2022	29,502,147	$ 4,224	68,596,150		(39,098,227)
Ending balance, Shares at Jun. 30, 2022		4,224,294
Stock-based compensation expense	101,788		101,788
Other comprehensive income	26,828			26,828
Net loss	(4,494,563)				(4,494,563)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022	25,136,200	$ 4,224	68,697,938	26,828	(43,592,790)
Ending balance, Shares at Sep. 30, 2022		4,224,294
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 21,035,401	$ 4,224	68,798,301	104,718	(47,871,842)
Beginning balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2022	4,224,294	4,224,294
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 123,273		123,273
Issuance of common stock, pre-funded warrants and warrants, net of issuance costs	8,542,942	$ 972	8,541,970
Issuance of common stock, pre-funded warrants and warrants, net of issuance costs, Shares		971,532
Other comprehensive income	61,104			61,104
Net loss	(4,477,778)				(4,477,778)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	25,284,942	$ 5,196	77,463,544	165,822	(52,349,620)
Ending balance, Shares at Mar. 31, 2023		5,195,826
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 21,035,401	$ 4,224	68,798,301	104,718	(47,871,842)
Beginning balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2022	4,224,294	4,224,294
Net loss	$ (14,850,943)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 15,017,883	$ 5,361	77,735,450	(143)	(62,722,785)
Ending balance, Shares at Sep. 30, 2023	5,360,326	5,360,326
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 25,284,942	$ 5,196	77,463,544	165,822	(52,349,620)
Beginning balance, Shares at Mar. 31, 2023		5,195,826
Stock-based compensation expense	124,845		124,845
Issuance of common stock, pre-funded warrants and warrants, net of issuance costs	95	$ 95
Issuance of common stock, pre-funded warrants and warrants, net of issuance costs, Shares		95,000
Other comprehensive income	(167,536)			(167,536)
Net loss	(5,777,966)				(5,777,966)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023	19,464,380	$ 5,291	77,588,389	(1,714)	(58,127,586)
Ending balance, Shares at Jun. 30, 2023		5,290,826
Stock-based compensation expense	129,781		129,781
Issuance of common stock, pre-funded warrants and warrants, net of issuance costs	17,350	$ 70	17,280
Issuance of common stock, pre-funded warrants and warrants, net of issuance costs, Shares		69,500
Other comprehensive income	1,571			1,571
Net loss	(4,595,199)				(4,595,199)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 15,017,883	$ 5,361	$ 77,735,450	$ (143)	$ (62,722,785)
Ending balance, Shares at Sep. 30, 2023	5,360,326	5,360,326

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (14,850,943)	$ (13,775,103)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	170,830	1,681
Stock-based compensation expense	377,899	357,784
Non-cash consulting and marketing fees	17,280	67,000
Non-cash lease expense	0	20,818
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	39,881	96,299
Operating lease right of use assets	78,553	0
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(208,086)	996,801
Prepaid research and development	770,051	(825,419)
Accounts payable	(416,612)	(308,555)
Operating lease liabilities	(81,244)	0
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(540,221)	(449,718)
Deferred revenue	0	23,683
Net cash used in operating activities	(14,642,612)	(13,794,729)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of equipment and improvements	(14,238)	(243,255)
Purchases of investments - marketable securities	(20,629,391)	(20,725,462)
Maturities of investments - marketable securities	34,415,890	0
Net cash provided by / (used in) investing activities	13,772,261	(20,968,717)
Cash flows from financing activities
Issuance of common stock from exercise of stock options	0	44,142
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, pre-funded warrants and warrants, net of issuance costs	8,543,107	0
Repayments of notes payable	0	(248,911)
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities	8,543,107	(204,769)
Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	7,672,756	(34,968,215)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	7,188,553	40,750,133
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	14,861,309	5,781,918
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	0	973
Issuance costs	$ 1,456,479	$ 0

XML

Nature of Business

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nature of Business

1.Nature of Business

Inhibikase Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company,” “we” or “our”) is a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company developing protein kinase inhibitor therapeutics to modify the course of Parkinson’s disease ("PD"), Parkinson’s-related disorders and other diseases of the Abelson Tyrosine Kinases. The Company’s multi-therapeutic pipeline has a primary focus on neurodegeneration and its lead program utilizing Risvodetinib (IkT-148009), a selective inhibitor of the non-receptor Abelson Tyrosine Kinases, targets the treatment of Parkinson’s disease inside and outside the brain as well as other diseases that arise from Abelson Tyrosine Kinases. In 2021, we commenced clinical development of Risvodetinib (IkT-148009), which we believe can modify the course of Parkinson’s disease including its manifestation in the gastrointestinal tract, or GI. In January, 2023, the Company initiated its Phase 2 program for Risvodetinib (IkT-148009) as a treatment for Parkinson’s disease. As of the date of this Report, 28 sites are open and actively evaluating prospective trial participants and 20% of the trial has been enrolled.

In March 2023, the Company opened its IND for Risvodetinib (IkT-148009) as a treatment for the orphan disease Multiple System Atrophy or MSA. In October 2023, the Company received Orphan Drug Designation for Risvodetinib (IkT-148009) as a treatment for MSA.

The Company is also developing platform technologies for alternate ways to deliver protein kinase inhibitors in patients. Our first example of this technology is IkT-001Pro, a prodrug of the anticancer agent imatinib mesylate, to treat Stable Phase Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (SP-CML). Pursuant to its IND, which was cleared by the FDA in August 2022, IkT-001Pro has completed a three-part dose finding/dose equivalence study in up to 66 healthy volunteers (the 501 trial). The study was designed to evaluate the 96-hour pharmacokinetics of imatinib delivered as IkT-001Pro and determine the dose of IkT-001Pro that can deliver imatinib equivalent to either 400 mg or 600 mg imatinib mesylate. With the completion of the 501 study, Inhibikase will submit briefing materials to the FDA and seek agreement on the requirements for the New Drug Application (“NDA”) process following the proposed approval path for IkT-001Pro under the 505(b)(2) statute.

XML

Liquidity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Disclosure Of Liquidity And Going Concern [Abstract]

Liquidity

2.Liquidity

The Company has recognized recurring losses. At September 30, 2023, the Company had working capital of $14,808,866 and accumulated deficit of $62,722,785, cash and cash equivalents of $14,861,309, marketable securities of $1,970,260 and accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $2,741,806.

The future success of the Company is dependent on its ability to successfully obtain additional working capital, obtain regulatory approval for and successfully launch and commercialize its product candidates and to ultimately attain profitable operations. Historically, the Company has funded its operations primarily through cash received in connection with revenue from its various grant programs. In addition, in December 2020, June 2021 and January 2023, the Company raised approximately $14.6 million, $41.1 million and $8.6 million in net proceeds for working capital from its initial public offering (“IPO”), June 2021 Offering and January 2023 Offering, respectively.

The Company is subject to a variety of risks similar to other early-stage life science companies including, but not limited to, the successful development, regulatory approval, and market acceptance of the Company’s product candidates, development by its competitors of new technological innovations, protection of proprietary technology, and raising additional working capital. The Company has incurred significant research and development expenses and general and administrative expenses related to its product candidate programs. The Company anticipates costs and expenses to increase in the future as the Company continues to develop its product candidates.

The Company may seek to fund its operations through additional public equity, private equity, debt financings, or private foundations, Federal and industry stakeholder grants as well as other sources. However, the Company may be unable to raise additional working capital, or if it is able to raise additional capital, it may be unable to do so on commercially favorable terms. The Company’s failure to raise capital or enter into such other arrangements if and when needed would have a negative impact on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition and the Company’s ability to continue to develop its product candidates.

The Company estimates that its working capital at September 30, 2023 is sufficient to fund its normal operations into the fourth quarter of 2024.

On June 23, 2023, at the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the Company’s restated certificate of incorporation to grant discretionary authority to the board of directors to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock. Following the receipt of the stockholders’ approval, the Company’s board of directors approved the reverse stock split at the ratio of 1 post-split share for every 6 pre-split shares, which was effective as of June 30, 2023. On July 17, 2023, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq informing the Company that it has regained compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the ordinary course of business. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of the uncertainties described above.

XML

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

3.Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation of Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial statements and, in the opinion of management, include all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the results of the interim periods shown. The December 31, 2022 balance sheet was derived from December 31, 2022 audited financial statements. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“US GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such SEC rules and regulations. Management believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023. The condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements contained herein should be read in conjunction with the Company’s annual audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2022 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC, as amended.

On June 30, 2023, we effected a reverse stock split at the ratio of 1 post-split share for every 6 pre-split shares. All common stock, options, warrant amounts, per share information and references have been retroactively adjusted for all figures presented to reflect this split unless specifically stated otherwise.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with US GAAP, which prescribes elimination of all significant intercompany accounts and transactions in the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, IKT Securities Corporation, Inc., which was incorporated in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in December 2021. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative US GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies and are generally adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the Company believes that the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations upon adoption.

The Company qualifies as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended, or the JOBS Act. The JOBS Act permits an emerging growth company such as the Company to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The Company has elected not to “opt out” of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company will adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard and will do so until such time that it either (i) irrevocably elects to “opt out” of such extended transition period or (ii) no longer qualifies as an emerging growth company.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company utilizes certain estimates in the determination of our liquidity and working capital adequacy, the fair value of its stock options and warrants, deferred tax valuation allowances and revenue recognition, to record expenses relating to research and development contracts and accrued expenses. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other

market-specific or other relevant assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from such estimates.

New Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies that the Company adopts as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed below, the Company does not believe that the adoption of recently issued standards have or may have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 will change how companies account for credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For trade receivables, loans and held-to-maturity debt securities, companies will be required to recognize an allowance for credit losses rather than reducing the carrying value of the asset. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates to amend the effective date of ASU 2016-13, for entities eligible to be “smaller reporting companies,” as defined by the SEC, to be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 as of January 1, 2023, on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”). ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for convertible debt instruments by reducing the number of accounting models and the number of embedded features that could be recognized separately from the host contract. Consequently, more convertible debt instruments will be accounted for as a single liability measured at its amortized cost, as long as no other features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives. ASU 2020-06 also requires use of the if-converted method in the diluted earnings per share calculation for convertible instruments. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years for smaller reporting companies, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 as of January 1, 2023, on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company derived 100% of its total revenue from a single source, the United States Government, in the form of federal research grants.

Revenue Recognition

The Company generates revenue from research and development grants under contracts with third parties that do not create customer-vendor relationships. The Company’s research and development grants are non-exchange transactions and are not within the scope of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). Contribution revenue earned from activities performed pursuant to research and development grants is reported as grant revenue in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Revenue from these grants is recognized as the Company incurs qualifying expenses as stipulated by the terms of the respective grant. Cash received from grants in advance of incurring qualifying expenses is recorded as deferred revenue. The Company records revenue and a corresponding receivable when qualifying costs are incurred before the grants are received.

Leases

The Company accounts for its leases under ASU 2021-09, ASU 2018-10, and ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”). ASC 842 requires a lessee to record a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability for most lease arrangements on the Company's balance sheet. Under the standard, disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements to assist users of the financial statements with assessing the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases is required.

Leases are classified as either finance leases or operating leases. A lease is classified as a finance lease if any one of the following criteria are met: the lease transfers ownership of the asset by the end of the lease term, the lease contains an option to purchase the asset that is reasonably certain to be exercised, the lease term is for a major part of the remaining useful life of the asset or the present value of the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the asset. A lease is classified as an operating lease if it does not meet any of these criteria.

For all leases at the lease commencement date, a right-of-use asset and a lease liability are recognized. The right-of-use asset represents the right to use the leased asset for the lease term. The lease liability represents the present value of the lease payments under the lease.

The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which primarily comprises the initial amount of the lease liability, plus any initial direct costs incurred if any, less any lease incentives received. All right-of-use assets are reviewed for impairment. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the secured incremental borrowing rate for the same term as the underlying lease.

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following: the fixed noncancelable lease payments, payments for optional renewal periods where it is reasonably certain the renewal period will be exercised, and payments for early termination options unless it is reasonably certain the lease will not be terminated early.

Lease cost for operating leases consists of the lease payments plus any initial direct costs, primarily brokerage commissions, and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Included in lease cost are any variable lease payments incurred in the period that are not included in the initial lease liability and lease payments incurred in the period for any leases with an initial term of 12 months or less. Lease cost for finance leases consists of the amortization of the right-of-use asset on a straight-line basis over the lease term and interest expense determined on an amortized cost basis. The lease payments are allocated between a reduction of the lease liability and interest expense.

The Company has made an accounting policy election to not recognize leases with an initial term of 12 months or less within our condensed consolidated balance sheets and to recognize those lease payments on a straight-line basis in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss over the lease term.

Equipment and Improvements

Equipment and improvements are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. For financial reporting purposes, depreciation is recognized using the straight-line method, allocating the cost of the assets over their estimated usefulness from three to five years for network equipment, office equipment, and furniture classified as fixed assets.

	Estimated Useful Economic Life
Leasehold property improvements, right-of-use assets	Lesser of lease term or useful life
Furniture and office equipment	5 years
Lab equipment	3 Years
IT equipment	3 years

Fair Value Measurement

The Company has certain financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value which have been classified as Level 1, 2 or 3 within the fair value hierarchy as described in the accounting standards for fair value measurements.

· Level 1 — Fair values are determined utilizing quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access;

· Level 2 — Fair values are determined by utilizing quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in active markets or other market observable inputs such as interest rates, yield curves and foreign currency spot rates; and

· Level 3 — Inputs are unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company’s financial assets, which include cash equivalents and marketable securities, have been initially valued at the transaction price, and subsequently revalued at the end of each reporting period, utilizing third-party pricing services. The pricing services utilize industry standard valuation models, including both income and market based approaches, to determine value and improvements are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation.

Marketable Securities

The Company's marketable securities consist of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities of less than one year which are classified as available-for-sale and included in current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Available-for-sale debt securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of stockholders’ equity in accumulated other comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses, if any, are included in other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Available-for-sale securities are reviewed for possible impairment at least quarterly, or more frequently if circumstances arise that may indicate impairment. When the fair value of the securities declines below the amortized cost basis, impairment is indicated and it must be determined whether it is other than temporary. Impairment is considered to be other than temporary if the Company: (i) intends to sell the security, (ii) will more likely than not be forced to sell the security before recovering its cost, or (iii) does not expect to recover the security’s amortized cost basis. If the decline in fair value is considered other than temporary, the cost basis of the security is adjusted to its fair market value and the realized loss is reported.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

4.Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table summarizes cash equivalents and marketable securities measured at their fair value on a recurring basis as of the following:

	Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2023 Using:
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	13,743,462	$	—	$	—	$	13,743,462
Total	$	13,743,462	$	—	$	—	$	13,743,462
Marketable securities, available-for-sale:
U.S. treasury obligations	$	1,970,260	$	—	$	—	$	1,970,260
Total	$	1,970,260	$	—	$	—	$	1,970,260

	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2022 Using:
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	5,304,405	$	—	$	—	$	5,304,405
Total	$	5,304,405	$	—	$	—	$	5,304,405
Marketable securities, available-for-sale:
U.S. treasury obligations	$	15,861,620	$	—	$	—	$	15,861,620
Total	$	15,861,620	$	—	$	—	$	15,861,620

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Marketable Securities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Marketable Securities

5.Marketable Securities

Marketable securities consisted of the following:

September 30, 2023	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gain		Unrealized Loss			Fair Value
Marketable securities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury obligations	$	1,970,403	$	—	$	(143	)	$	1,970,260
Total	$	1,970,403	$	—	$	(143	)	$	1,970,260

December 31, 2022	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gain		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
Marketable securities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury obligations	$	15,756,902	$	104,718	$	—	$	15,861,620
Total	$	15,756,902	$	104,718	$	—	$	15,861,620

As of September 30, 2023, the Company held one U.S. Treasury debt security that was in an unrealized loss position totaling $143. As of December 31, 2022, the Company held three U.S. Treasury debt securities that were in an unrealized gain position totaling $104,718.

The Company received proceeds of $34.4 million from maturities of marketable securities for the period ended September 30, 2023. The Company received proceeds of $4.96 million from maturities of marketable securities for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company did not realize any gains or losses from maturities of marketable securities for the period ended September 30, 2023 or the year ended December 31, 2022.

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Equipment and Improvements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Equipment and Improvements

6.Equipment and Improvements

Equipment and Improvements, net
	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Furniture and office equipment	$	86,930	$	72,692
Lab equipment		—		153,668
IT equipment		16,895		16,895
		103,825		243,255
Less: accumulated depreciation		23,885		6,723
Total	$	79,940	$	236,532

Depreciation expense for three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $6,568 and $170,830, respectively, and $1,681 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

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Supplemental Balance Sheet Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Supplemental Balance Sheet Information

7.Supplemental Balance Sheet Information

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued consulting	$	78,910	$	232,390
Accrued compensation		645,027		459,997
Accrued research and development		1,134,178		1,696,129
Accrued other		100		9,920
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	1,858,215	$	2,398,436

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Stockholders' Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

8.Stockholders’ Equity

Each share of common stock is entitled to one vote. The holders of common stock are also entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and when declared by the board of directors, subject to the prior rights of holders of all classes of stock outstanding. As of September 30, 2023, a total of 3,916,003 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants under the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2020 Plan") and the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan.

Share Issuances

On January 25, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement in connection with a registered direct offering and concurrent private placement with an institutional investor. The Company also entered into a securities purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement in connection with a concurrent private placement with the same institutional investor (collectively the "January 2023 Offering"). The January 2023 Offering consisted of (i) 466,799 shares of Common Stock sold at $5.16 per share, (ii) Common Warrants to purchase up to 1,937,985 shares of Common Stock with an exercise price of $5.16, and (iii) Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase up to 1,471,187 shares of Common Stock with an exercise price of $5.16, all issued to Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd ("Armistice"). The warrants will expire on January 27, 2028. As part of the January 2023 Offering, the Company further issued warrants to H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (“Placement Agent Warrants”) to purchase up to 67,830 shares of Common Stock with an exercise price of $6.45 and an expiration date of January 25, 2028. Subsequent to September 30, 2023 the institutional investor has exercised their remaining 813,954 Pre-Funded Warrants.

The Company received net proceeds from the January 2023 Offering of approximately $8.6 million. Effective January 25, 2023, the Company terminated the Equity Distribution Agreement with Piper Sandler & Co. by providing a notice of termination in accordance with the terms of the Equity Distribution Agreement (see Note 10).
 

In September 2023, the Company issued 12,000 shares of its stock in exchange for digital media consulting services. The fair value of the stock was $17,280 based upon the closing price of the shares on the date of the transaction. Issuance costs were not material. No additional rights or options were granted to this accredited investor in connection with this issuance. This issuance is exempt from registration pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act as transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering.

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Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

9.Stock-Based Compensation

2020 Equity Incentive Plan

The Company’s 2020 Plan was established for granting stock incentive awards to directors, officers, employees and consultants to the Company.

Stock Options

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company granted 86,669 options with a weighted average strike price of $4.28 to purchase common stock to certain employees and non-employee members of the Board of Directors. Employee options vest annually in 3 equal parts over 3 years, whilst Board of Directors' options vest over 1 year. The Company granted 25,000 performance-based options with a weighted average strike price of $4.44 to purchase common stock to certain employees. These options are subject to performance vesting and will vest and become exercisable once the performance conditions have been met. There is no assurance that the performance conditions will be met and therefore some or all of these options may never vest or become exercisable. The total aggregate grant date fair value of all options granted was $338,741.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company granted 76,651 options with a weighted average strike price of $5.80 to purchase common stock to certain employees and non-employee members of the Board of Directors. Employee options vest annually in 3 equal parts over 3 years, whilst Board of Directors' options vest over 1 year. The Company granted 62,500 performance-based options with a weighted average strike price of $6.42 to purchase common stock to certain employees. These options are subject to performance vesting and will vest and become exercisable once the performance conditions have been met. There is no assurance that the performance conditions will be met and therefore some or all of these options may never vest or become exercisable. The total aggregate grant date fair value of all options granted was $542,890.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, no defined performance conditions were probable of being met.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense for stock options granted to employees and non-employees:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Research and development	$	41,842	$	32,817	$	120,718	$	98,722
Selling, general and administrative		87,939		68,971		257,181		259,062
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	129,781	$	101,788	$	377,899	$	357,784

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ATM Program

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

ATM Program

10.ATM Program

On May 16, 2022, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Piper Sandler & Co. as sales agent (the “Agent”), pursuant to which the Company may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of its Common Stock, at an aggregate offering price of up to $9.8 million (the “Shares”) through the Agent. Under the terms of the Agreement, the Agent may sell the Shares at market prices by any method that is deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, as amended.
 

Subject to the terms and conditions of the Agreement, the Agent will use its commercially reasonable efforts to sell the Shares from time to time, based upon the Company’s instructions. The Company has no obligation to sell any of the Shares, and may at any time suspend sales under the Agreement or terminate the Agreement in accordance with its terms. The Company has provided the Agent with customary indemnification rights, and the Agent will be entitled to a fixed commission of 3.0% of the aggregate gross

proceeds from the Shares sold. The Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, and the Company is required to deliver customary closing documents and certificates in connection with sales of the Shares.

Effective January 25, 2023, the Company terminated the Equity Distribution Agreement by providing a notice of termination to the Agent in accordance with the terms of the Equity Distribution Agreement. As of the date of termination, no Shares have been sold under the Agreement.

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Net Loss Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share

11.Net Loss Per Share

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share applicable to common stockholders:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(4,595,199	)	$	(4,494,563	)	$	(14,850,943	)	$	(13,775,103	)
Denominator:
Weighted-average number of common shares    outstanding – basic and diluted		5,342,337			4,224,294			5,060,447			4,223,099
Net loss per share applicable to common    stockholders – basic and diluted	$	(0.86	)	$	(1.06	)	$	(2.93	)	$	(3.26	)

The following shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share applicable to common stockholders, prior to the application of the treasury stock method, because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Options to purchase shares of stock		835,913		671,347
Warrants to purchase shares of stock		3,080,090		260,319
Total		3,916,003		931,666

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

12.Income Taxes

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, there was no provision for income taxes as the Company incurred losses during those periods. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The Company recorded a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets as the Company believes it is more likely than not the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

13.Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. When the Company is aware of a claim or potential claim, it assesses the likelihood of any loss or exposure. If it is probable that a loss will result and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, the Company will record a liability for the loss. In addition to the estimated loss, the recorded liability would include probable and estimable legal costs associated with the claim or potential claim. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm the Company’s business.

Lease

On April 18, 2022, the Company entered into an operating lease agreement for office space at its new location in Lexington, Massachusetts (the "Office Lease"). On August 8, 2022, the Company commenced occupancy of the leased space. The lease runs through September 30, 2025. We have an option to extend the lease term for an additional three (3) years thereafter.

The Company accounts for the Office Lease under the provisions of ASU 2021-09, ASU 2018-10, and ASC 842. We recorded a right-of-use asset and a corresponding operating lease liability on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets upon the accounting commencement date in August 2022. The lease liability was measured at the accounting commencement date utilizing a 12% discount rate. The right-of-use asset had a balance of $250,090 at September 30, 2023. The operating lease obligations totaled

$270,043 at September 30, 2023, of which $149,030 is included under current liabilities and $121,013 is included under non-current liabilities. The Company recorded lease expense of $35,296 and $105,887 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively included in selling, general and administrative expenses. The Company recorded lease expense relating to the Office Lease of $35,296 and $105,887 and other short-term payments of $5,788 and $17,364 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The Company recorded lease expense relating to the Office Lease of $20,818 and $20,818 and other short-term payments of $5,788 and $43,914 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, in selling, general and administrative expenses.

The Office Lease contains escalating payments during the lease period. Upon execution of the Office Lease, the Company prepaid one month of rent and a security deposit, one of which will be held in escrow and credited at the termination of the lease and the other of which will be applied to the first month’s rent.

As of September 30, 2023, a security deposit of approximately $25,000 was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet related to the Office Lease.

Future minimum lease payments under these leases at September 30, 2023, are presented by calendar year as follows:

Year
2023	$	37,258
2024		150,095
2025		114,965
Total lease payments		302,318
Less: imputed interest		(32,275	)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	270,043

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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation of Interim Financial Statements

Basis of Presentation of Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial statements and, in the opinion of management, include all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the results of the interim periods shown. The December 31, 2022 balance sheet was derived from December 31, 2022 audited financial statements. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“US GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such SEC rules and regulations. Management believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023. The condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements contained herein should be read in conjunction with the Company’s annual audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2022 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC, as amended.

On June 30, 2023, we effected a reverse stock split at the ratio of 1 post-split share for every 6 pre-split shares. All common stock, options, warrant amounts, per share information and references have been retroactively adjusted for all figures presented to reflect this split unless specifically stated otherwise.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with US GAAP, which prescribes elimination of all significant intercompany accounts and transactions in the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, IKT Securities Corporation, Inc., which was incorporated in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in December 2021. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative US GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies and are generally adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the Company believes that the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations upon adoption.

The Company qualifies as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended, or the JOBS Act. The JOBS Act permits an emerging growth company such as the Company to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The Company has elected not to “opt out” of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company will adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard and will do so until such time that it either (i) irrevocably elects to “opt out” of such extended transition period or (ii) no longer qualifies as an emerging growth company.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company utilizes certain estimates in the determination of our liquidity and working capital adequacy, the fair value of its stock options and warrants, deferred tax valuation allowances and revenue recognition, to record expenses relating to research and development contracts and accrued expenses. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other

market-specific or other relevant assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from such estimates.

New Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies that the Company adopts as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed below, the Company does not believe that the adoption of recently issued standards have or may have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 will change how companies account for credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For trade receivables, loans and held-to-maturity debt securities, companies will be required to recognize an allowance for credit losses rather than reducing the carrying value of the asset. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates to amend the effective date of ASU 2016-13, for entities eligible to be “smaller reporting companies,” as defined by the SEC, to be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 as of January 1, 2023, on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”). ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for convertible debt instruments by reducing the number of accounting models and the number of embedded features that could be recognized separately from the host contract. Consequently, more convertible debt instruments will be accounted for as a single liability measured at its amortized cost, as long as no other features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives. ASU 2020-06 also requires use of the if-converted method in the diluted earnings per share calculation for convertible instruments. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years for smaller reporting companies, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 as of January 1, 2023, on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Concentrations of Credit Risk

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company derived 100% of its total revenue from a single source, the United States Government, in the form of federal research grants.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

The Company generates revenue from research and development grants under contracts with third parties that do not create customer-vendor relationships. The Company’s research and development grants are non-exchange transactions and are not within the scope of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). Contribution revenue earned from activities performed pursuant to research and development grants is reported as grant revenue in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Revenue from these grants is recognized as the Company incurs qualifying expenses as stipulated by the terms of the respective grant. Cash received from grants in advance of incurring qualifying expenses is recorded as deferred revenue. The Company records revenue and a corresponding receivable when qualifying costs are incurred before the grants are received.

Leases

Leases

The Company accounts for its leases under ASU 2021-09, ASU 2018-10, and ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”). ASC 842 requires a lessee to record a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability for most lease arrangements on the Company's balance sheet. Under the standard, disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements to assist users of the financial statements with assessing the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases is required.

Leases are classified as either finance leases or operating leases. A lease is classified as a finance lease if any one of the following criteria are met: the lease transfers ownership of the asset by the end of the lease term, the lease contains an option to purchase the asset that is reasonably certain to be exercised, the lease term is for a major part of the remaining useful life of the asset or the present value of the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the asset. A lease is classified as an operating lease if it does not meet any of these criteria.

For all leases at the lease commencement date, a right-of-use asset and a lease liability are recognized. The right-of-use asset represents the right to use the leased asset for the lease term. The lease liability represents the present value of the lease payments under the lease.

The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which primarily comprises the initial amount of the lease liability, plus any initial direct costs incurred if any, less any lease incentives received. All right-of-use assets are reviewed for impairment. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the secured incremental borrowing rate for the same term as the underlying lease.

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following: the fixed noncancelable lease payments, payments for optional renewal periods where it is reasonably certain the renewal period will be exercised, and payments for early termination options unless it is reasonably certain the lease will not be terminated early.

Lease cost for operating leases consists of the lease payments plus any initial direct costs, primarily brokerage commissions, and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Included in lease cost are any variable lease payments incurred in the period that are not included in the initial lease liability and lease payments incurred in the period for any leases with an initial term of 12 months or less. Lease cost for finance leases consists of the amortization of the right-of-use asset on a straight-line basis over the lease term and interest expense determined on an amortized cost basis. The lease payments are allocated between a reduction of the lease liability and interest expense.

The Company has made an accounting policy election to not recognize leases with an initial term of 12 months or less within our condensed consolidated balance sheets and to recognize those lease payments on a straight-line basis in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss over the lease term.

Equipment and Improvements

Equipment and Improvements

Equipment and improvements are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. For financial reporting purposes, depreciation is recognized using the straight-line method, allocating the cost of the assets over their estimated usefulness from three to five years for network equipment, office equipment, and furniture classified as fixed assets.

	Estimated Useful Economic Life
Leasehold property improvements, right-of-use assets	Lesser of lease term or useful life
Furniture and office equipment	5 years
Lab equipment	3 Years
IT equipment	3 years

Fair Value Measurement

The Company has certain financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value which have been classified as Level 1, 2 or 3 within the fair value hierarchy as described in the accounting standards for fair value measurements.

· Level 1 — Fair values are determined utilizing quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access;

· Level 2 — Fair values are determined by utilizing quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in active markets or other market observable inputs such as interest rates, yield curves and foreign currency spot rates; and

· Level 3 — Inputs are unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company’s financial assets, which include cash equivalents and marketable securities, have been initially valued at the transaction price, and subsequently revalued at the end of each reporting period, utilizing third-party pricing services. The pricing services utilize industry standard valuation models, including both income and market based approaches, to determine value and improvements are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation.

Marketable Securities

Marketable Securities

The Company's marketable securities consist of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities of less than one year which are classified as available-for-sale and included in current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Available-for-sale debt securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of stockholders’ equity in accumulated other comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses, if any, are included in other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Available-for-sale securities are reviewed for possible impairment at least quarterly, or more frequently if circumstances arise that may indicate impairment. When the fair value of the securities declines below the amortized cost basis, impairment is indicated and it must be determined whether it is other than temporary. Impairment is considered to be other than temporary if the Company: (i) intends to sell the security, (ii) will more likely than not be forced to sell the security before recovering its cost, or (iii) does not expect to recover the security’s amortized cost basis. If the decline in fair value is considered other than temporary, the cost basis of the security is adjusted to its fair market value and the realized loss is reported.

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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Property plant estimate useful life

For financial reporting purposes, depreciation is recognized using the straight-line method, allocating the cost of the assets over their estimated usefulness from three to five years for network equipment, office equipment, and furniture classified as fixed assets.

	Estimated Useful Economic Life
Leasehold property improvements, right-of-use assets	Lesser of lease term or useful life
Furniture and office equipment	5 years
Lab equipment	3 Years
IT equipment	3 years

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of fair value of financial instrument

The following table summarizes cash equivalents and marketable securities measured at their fair value on a recurring basis as of the following:

	Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2023 Using:
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	13,743,462	$	—	$	—	$	13,743,462
Total	$	13,743,462	$	—	$	—	$	13,743,462
Marketable securities, available-for-sale:
U.S. treasury obligations	$	1,970,260	$	—	$	—	$	1,970,260
Total	$	1,970,260	$	—	$	—	$	1,970,260

	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2022 Using:
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	5,304,405	$	—	$	—	$	5,304,405
Total	$	5,304,405	$	—	$	—	$	5,304,405
Marketable securities, available-for-sale:
U.S. treasury obligations	$	15,861,620	$	—	$	—	$	15,861,620
Total	$	15,861,620	$	—	$	—	$	15,861,620

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Marketable Securities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Schedule of Marketable Securities

Marketable securities consisted of the following:

September 30, 2023	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gain		Unrealized Loss			Fair Value
Marketable securities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury obligations	$	1,970,403	$	—	$	(143	)	$	1,970,260
Total	$	1,970,403	$	—	$	(143	)	$	1,970,260

December 31, 2022	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gain		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
Marketable securities, available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury obligations	$	15,756,902	$	104,718	$	—	$	15,861,620
Total	$	15,756,902	$	104,718	$	—	$	15,861,620

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Equipment and Improvements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule Of Equipment and Improvements

Equipment and Improvements, net
	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Furniture and office equipment	$	86,930	$	72,692
Lab equipment		—		153,668
IT equipment		16,895		16,895
		103,825		243,255
Less: accumulated depreciation		23,885		6,723
Total	$	79,940	$	236,532

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Supplemental Balance Sheet Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued consulting	$	78,910	$	232,390
Accrued compensation		645,027		459,997
Accrued research and development		1,134,178		1,696,129
Accrued other		100		9,920
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	1,858,215	$	2,398,436

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Expense for Stock Options Granted to Employees and Non-Employees

The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense for stock options granted to employees and non-employees:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Research and development	$	41,842	$	32,817	$	120,718	$	98,722
Selling, general and administrative		87,939		68,971		257,181		259,062
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	129,781	$	101,788	$	377,899	$	357,784

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Net Loss Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Summary of Calculation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share applicable to Common Stockholders

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share applicable to common stockholders:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(4,595,199	)	$	(4,494,563	)	$	(14,850,943	)	$	(13,775,103	)
Denominator:
Weighted-average number of common shares    outstanding – basic and diluted		5,342,337			4,224,294			5,060,447			4,223,099
Net loss per share applicable to common    stockholders – basic and diluted	$	(0.86	)	$	(1.06	)	$	(2.93	)	$	(3.26	)

Summary of Shares Excluded from Calculation of Diluted Net Loss per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders

The following shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share applicable to common stockholders, prior to the application of the treasury stock method, because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Options to purchase shares of stock		835,913		671,347
Warrants to purchase shares of stock		3,080,090		260,319
Total		3,916,003		931,666

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Future Minimum Lease Payments

Future minimum lease payments under these leases at September 30, 2023, are presented by calendar year as follows:

Year
2023	$	37,258
2024		150,095
2025		114,965
Total lease payments		302,318
Less: imputed interest		(32,275	)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	270,043

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Liquidity - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Jan. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure Of Liquidity And Going Concern [Line Items]
Working capital		$ 14,808,866
Accumulated deficit		62,722,785		$ 47,871,842
Cash and cash equivalents		14,861,309		$ 7,188,553
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		1,970,260
Other current liabilities		$ 2,741,806
Stockholders' equity, reverse stock split		reverse stock split at the ratio of 1 post-split share for every 6 pre-split shares
Issuance of common stock for services	$ 67,000
IPO
Disclosure Of Liquidity And Going Concern [Line Items]
Working capital						$ 14,600,000
June 2021 Offering
Disclosure Of Liquidity And Going Concern [Line Items]
Working capital					$ 41,100,000
January 2023 Offering
Disclosure Of Liquidity And Going Concern [Line Items]
Working capital			$ 8,600,000

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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Minimum | Network Equipment
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives			P3Y
Maximum | Network Equipment
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives			P5Y
Customer Concentration Risk | Sales Revenue
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - classified as fixed assets useful life (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Leasehold property improvements, right of use asset
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives	Lesser of lease term or useful life
Furniture and office equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Economic Life	5 years
Lab equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Economic Life	3 years
IT equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Useful Economic Life	3 years

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Summary of cash equivalents and marketable securities measured at their fair value (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Marketable securities, amortized cost	$ 1,970,403	$ 15,756,902
Fair Value, Recurring [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash equivalents and marketable securities measured at their fair value on a recurring basis	13,743,462	5,304,405
Marketable securities, amortized cost	1,970,260	15,861,620
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | U.S. Treasury obligations [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Marketable securities, amortized cost	1,970,260	15,861,620
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash equivalents and marketable securities measured at their fair value on a recurring basis	13,743,462	5,304,405
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash equivalents and marketable securities measured at their fair value on a recurring basis	13,743,462	5,304,405
Marketable securities, amortized cost	1,970,260	15,861,620
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | U.S. Treasury obligations [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Marketable securities, amortized cost	1,970,260	15,861,620
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash equivalents and marketable securities measured at their fair value on a recurring basis	13,743,462	5,304,405
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash equivalents and marketable securities measured at their fair value on a recurring basis	0	0
Marketable securities, amortized cost	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | U.S. Treasury obligations [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Marketable securities, amortized cost	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash equivalents and marketable securities measured at their fair value on a recurring basis	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash equivalents and marketable securities measured at their fair value on a recurring basis	0	0
Marketable securities, amortized cost	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | U.S. Treasury obligations [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Marketable securities, amortized cost	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash equivalents and marketable securities measured at their fair value on a recurring basis	$ 0	$ 0

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Additional Information) (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Marketable securities	$ 1,970,260	$ 15,861,620

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Marketable Securities - Summary of Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Marketable securities, available-for-sale:
Marketable securities, Amortized Cost	$ 1,970,403	$ 15,756,902
Marketable securities, Unrealized Gain	0	104,718
Marketable securities, unrealized loss	(143)	0
Marketable securities, Fair Value	1,970,260	15,861,620
U.S. Treasury obligations
Marketable securities, available-for-sale:
Marketable securities, Amortized Cost	1,970,403	15,756,902
Marketable securities, Unrealized Gain	0	104,718
Marketable securities, unrealized loss	(143)	0
Marketable securities, Fair Value	$ 1,970,260	$ 15,861,620

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Marketable securities (Additional Information) (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Gain (Loss) on Securities [Line Items]
Unrealized gain	$ 0	$ 104,718
Marketable securities, unrealized loss	(143)	0
Proceeds from maturity of marketable securities	34,400,000	4,960,000
Marketable securities, realized gain loss	0	0
U.S. treasury debt securities
Gain (Loss) on Securities [Line Items]
Unrealized gain	0	104,718
Marketable securities, unrealized loss	$ (143)	$ 0

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Equipment and Improvements - Schedule of Equipment and Improvements (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	$ 103,825	$ 243,255
Less: accumulated depreciation	23,885	6,723
Total	79,940	236,532
Furniture and office equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	86,930	72,692
Lab equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	0	153,668
IT equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	$ 16,895	$ 16,895

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Equipment and Improvements (Additional Information) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation	$ 6,568	$ 1,681	$ 170,830	$ 1,681

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Supplemental Balance Sheet Information - Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Accrued consulting	$ 78,910	$ 232,390
Accrued compensation	645,027	459,997
Accrued research and development	1,134,178	1,696,129
Accrued other	100	9,920
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 1,858,215	$ 2,398,436

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Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details)			3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Jan. 25, 2023 $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2022 shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) Vote shares	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Votes per each common stock share | Vote				1
Common stock shares reserved for issuance				3,916,003
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, pre-funded warrants and warrants, net of issuance costs | $	$ 8,600,000			$ 8,543,107	$ 0
Shares, Issued				12,000
Forward Contract Indexed to Equity, Settlement, Share, Fair Value | $				$ 17,280
Common Stock [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock for services, shares		466,799	8,334
Sale of common stock | $ / shares		$ 5.16
Warrant [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Class of warrant or right number of securities called by warrants or rights		1,937,985		813,954
Warrants exercise price | $ / shares		$ 5.16
Placement Agent Warrants [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Class of warrant or right number of securities called by warrants or rights		67,830
Warrants exercise price | $ / shares		$ 6.45
Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Class of warrant or right number of securities called by warrants or rights		1,471,187
Warrants exercise price | $ / shares		$ 5.16

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Stock-based Compensation - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Board of Director
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Number of stock options granted	86,669		86,669	76,651
Stock option, strike price	$ 4.28	$ 5.8	$ 4.28	$ 5.8
Granted shares vested period	3 years	3 years	3 years
Vesting period	1 year	1 year	1 year
Performance-based options, granted	25,000	62,500	25,000
Performance-based options, weighted average strike price	$ 4.44	$ 6.42	$ 4.44
Employee
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock option, aggregate grant date fair value	$ 338,741	$ 542,890	$ 338,741	$ 542,890

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Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Expense for Stock Options Granted to Employees and Non-Employees (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 129,781	$ 101,788	$ 377,899	$ 357,784
Research and development
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	41,842	32,817	120,718	98,722
Selling, general and administrative
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 87,939	$ 68,971	$ 257,181	$ 259,062

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ATM Program (Additional Information) (Details) - Equity Distribution Agreement [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	May 16, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Common stock Aggregate offering price	$ 9.8
Fixed commission percentage		3.00%

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Net Loss Per Share - Summary of Calculation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share applicable to Common Stockholders (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Numerator:
Net loss	$ (4,595,199)	$ (5,777,966)	$ (4,477,778)	$ (4,494,563)	$ (4,639,939)	$ (4,640,601)	$ (14,850,943)	$ (13,775,103)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of common share - basic	5,342,337			4,224,294			5,060,447	4,223,099
Weighted average number of common share - diluted	5,342,337			4,224,294			5,060,447	4,223,099
Net loss per share applicable to common stockholders - basic	$ (0.86)			$ (1.06)			$ (2.93)	$ (3.26)
Net loss per share applicable to common stockholders - diluted	$ (0.86)			$ (1.06)			$ (2.93)	$ (3.26)

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Net Loss Per Share - Summary of Shares Excluded from Calculation of Diluted Net Loss per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders (Details) - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive shares excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share	3,916,003	931,666
Options to Purchase Shares of Stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive shares excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share	835,913	671,347
Warrants to Purchase Shares of Stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive shares excluded from calculation of diluted net loss per share	3,080,090	260,319

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Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Provision for income taxes	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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Commitments and Contingencies (Additional Information) (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Apr. 18, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Right-of-use asset		$ 250,090		$ 250,090		$ 328,643
Operating Lease, Liability, Current		149,030		149,030
Lease term	3 years
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent		121,013		121,013
Lease Expense		35,296	$ 20,818	105,887	$ 20,818
ShortTerm Lease Payments		5,788	$ 5,788	17,364	$ 43,914
Present value of operating lease liabilities		270,043		270,043
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets [Member]
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Security deposit		$ 25,000		$ 25,000
Lexington
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lease Expiration Date	Sep. 30, 2025
Lessee, Operating Lease, Discount Rate		12.00%		12.00%
Right-of-use asset		$ 250,090		$ 250,090
Lease Expense		35,296		$ 105,887
Lessor, Operating Lease, Description				The Office Lease contains escalating payments during the lease period. Upon execution of the Office Lease, the Company prepaid one month of rent and a security deposit, one of which will be held in escrow and credited at the termination of the lease and the other of which will be applied to the first month’s rent.
Present value of operating lease liabilities		$ 270,043		$ 270,043

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Commitments and Contingencies - Summary of Future minimum lease payments (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2023	$ 37,258
2024	150,095
2025	114,965
Total lease payment	302,318
Less: imputed interest	(32,275)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$ 270,043