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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
May 31, 2011
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business

        AAR CORP. is a diversified provider of products and services to the worldwide aviation and government and defense markets. Products and services include: aviation supply chain and parts support programs; maintenance, repair and overhaul of aircraft and landing gear; design and manufacture of specialized mobility and cargo systems and composite and other high-end precision machined structures; expeditionary airlift services; aircraft modifications and aircraft sales and leasing. We serve commercial, defense and governmental aircraft fleet operators, original equipment manufacturers, and independent service providers around the world, and various other domestic and foreign military customers.

Principles of Consolidation

        The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries after elimination of intercompany accounts and transactions. The equity method of accounting is used for investments in other companies in which we have significant influence; generally this represents common stock ownership of at least 20% and not more than 50% (see Note 8 for a discussion of aircraft joint ventures).

Revenue Recognition

        Sales and related cost of sales for product sales are recognized upon shipment of the product to the customer. Our standard terms and conditions provide that title passes to the customer when the product is shipped to the customer. Sales of certain defense products are recognized upon customer acceptance, which includes transfer of title. Under the majority of our expeditionary airlift services contracts, we are paid and record as revenue a fixed daily amount per aircraft for each day an aircraft is available to perform airlift services. In addition, we are paid and record as revenue an amount which is based on number of hours flown. Sales from services and the related cost of services are generally recognized when customer-owned material is shipped back to the customer. We have adopted this accounting policy because at the time the customer-owned material is shipped back to the customer, all services related to that material are complete as our service agreements generally do not require us to provide services at customer sites. Furthermore, serviced units are typically shipped to the customer immediately upon completion of the related services. Sales and related cost of sales for certain long-term manufacturing contracts and certain large airframe maintenance contracts are recognized by the percentage of completion method, either based on the relationship of costs incurred to date to estimated total costs or the units of delivery method. Lease revenues are recognized as earned. Income from monthly or quarterly rental payments is recorded in the pertinent period according to the lease agreement. However, for leases that provide variable rents, we recognize lease income on a straight-line basis. In addition to a monthly lease rate, some engine leases require an additional rental amount based on the number of hours the engine is used in a particular month. Lease income associated with these contingent rentals is recorded in the period in which actual usage is reported to us by the lessee, which is normally the month following the actual usage.

        Certain supply chain management programs we provide our customers contain multiple elements or deliverables, such as program and warehouse management, parts distribution and maintenance and repair services. We recognize revenue for each element or deliverable that can be identified as a separate unit of accounting at the time of delivery based upon the relative fair value of the products and services.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

        Under accounting standards for goodwill and other intangible assets, goodwill and other intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are not amortized, but are subject to impairment tests at least annually, or more frequently if indicators of impairment are present. We perform our annual tests of impairment as of May 31.

        The amount reported under the caption "Goodwill and other intangible assets, net" is comprised of goodwill and intangible assets associated with acquisitions we made, principally since the beginning of fiscal 1998. Each of the acquisitions involved a single business that now comprises or is included in a single operating segment.

        Goodwill by reportable segment is as follows:

 
  May 31,  
 
  2011   2010  

Aviation Supply Chain

  $ 20,040   $ 20,040  

Government and Defense Services

    38,304     38,304  

Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul

    28,108     28,108  

Structures and Systems

    47,549     47,549  
           

 

  $ 134,001   $ 134,001  
           

        May 31, 2010 goodwill was increased by $22,457 to reflect final purchase price allocation related to the Airlift acquisition.

        At May 31, 2011 and 2010, intangible assets, other than goodwill, are comprised of the following:

 
  May 31,  
 
  2011   2010  

Customer relationships

  $ 39,449   $ 39,449  

Lease agreements

    21,500     21,500  

FAA certificates

    5,000     5,000  

Covenants not to compete

    1,570     1,570  

Trademarks

    600     600  

Other

    300     300  
           

 

    68,419     68,419  

Accumulated amortization

    (21,323 )   (11,710 )
           

 

  $ 47,096   $ 56,709  
           

        Customer relationships are being amortized over one- to twenty-year periods, the lease agreements are being amortized over an eighteen-year period, the FAA certificates are being amortized over a twenty-year period, the covenants not to compete are being amortized over a three-year period and trademarks and other are being amortized over a one-year period. Amortization expense recorded during fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $9,613, $4,567 and $4,852, respectively. The estimated aggregate amount of amortization expense for intangible assets in each of the next five fiscal years is $7,861 in 2012, $6,740 in 2013, $2,826 in 2014, $2,777 in 2015 and $2,616 in 2016.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

        At May 31, 2011 and 2010, cash equivalents of approximately $0 and $15,000, respectively, consist of investments in commercial paper and certificates of deposit that mature within 90 days. The carrying amount of cash equivalents approximates fair value at May 31, 2010.

Marketable Securities

        Occasionally we will invest in equity securities and classify these equity securities as available for sale in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of May 31, 2011 and 2010, we had no amounts invested in available for sale securities.

        During fiscal 2010 and 2009, we sold investments in securities that were classified as available for sale. The loss on sale of these investments was $1,150 and $1,393 in fiscal 2010 and 2009, respectively.

Foreign Currency

        Our foreign subsidiaries utilize the local currency as their functional currency. All balance sheet accounts of foreign subsidiaries transacting business in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are translated at year-end exchange rates. Revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates during the year. Translation adjustments are excluded from the results of operations and are recorded in stockholders' equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Financial Instruments and Concentrations of Market or Credit Risk

        Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of market or credit risk consist principally of trade receivables. While our trade receivables are diverse and represent a number of entities and geographic regions, the majority are with the U.S. Department of Defense and its contractors and entities in the aviation industry. Accounts receivable due from the U.S. Department of Defense were $70,652 and $37,379 at May 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. We perform regular evaluations of customer payment experience, current financial condition and risk analysis. We may require collateral in the form of security interests in assets, letters of credit, and/or obligation guarantees from financial institutions for transactions executed on other than normal trade terms.

        The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, short-term borrowings and accounts and trade notes payable approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments. The carrying value of long-term debt bearing a variable interest rate approximates fair value.

        Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information about the financial instrument. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Inventories

        Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market (estimated net realizable value). Cost is determined by the specific identification, average cost or first-in, first-out methods. From time-to-time, we purchase aircraft and engines for disassembly to individual parts and components. Costs are assigned to these individual parts and components utilizing list prices from original equipment manufacturers and recent sales history.

        The following is a summary of inventories:

 
  May 31,  
 
  2011   2010  

Raw materials and parts

  $ 61,314   $ 62,737  

Work-in-process

    51,725     51,523  

Purchased aircraft, parts, engines and components held for sale

    250,360     242,723  
           

 

  $ 363,399   $ 356,983  
           

Equipment under Leases

        Lease revenue is recognized as earned. The cost of the asset under lease is original purchase price plus overhaul costs. Depreciation for aircraft is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated service life of the equipment. The balance sheet classification of equipment under lease is generally based on lease term, with fixed-term leases less than twelve months generally classified as short-term and all others generally classified as long-term.

        Equipment on short-term lease includes aircraft engines and parts on or available for lease to satisfy customers' immediate short-term requirements. The leases are renewable with fixed terms, which generally vary from one to twelve months. Equipment on long-term lease consists of aircraft and engines on lease with commercial airlines generally for more than twelve months.

        We are required to test for impairment of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable from its undiscounted cash flows. When applying accounting standards addressing impairment to our aircraft and engine portfolio, we utilize certain assumptions to estimate future undiscounted cash flows, including current and future lease rates, lease terms, residual values and market conditions and trends impacting future demand (see Note 12—Impairment Charges). Unfavorable differences between actual and expected results could result in future impairments in our aircraft and engine lease portfolio.

        Future rent due to us under non-cancelable leases during each of the next five fiscal years is $18,919 in 2012, $17,319 in 2013, $17,330 in 2014, $17,146 in 2015 and $10,033 in 2016.

Property, Plant and Equipment

        Depreciation is computed on the straight-line method over useful lives of 10-40 years for buildings and improvements and 3-10 years for equipment, furniture and fixtures and capitalized software. Aircraft and major components in service to support our Airlift business are depreciated over their estimated useful lives which is generally 7-20 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the term of the applicable lease.

        Repair and maintenance expenditures are expensed as incurred. Upon sale or disposal, cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and related gains and losses are included in results of operations.

Comprehensive Income

        A summary of the components of comprehensive income is as follows:

 
  For the Year Ended May 31,  
 
  2011   2010   2009  

Net income attributable to AAR and noncontrolling interest

  $ 69,826   $ 43,202   $ 56,772  

Other comprehensive income—

                   
 

Cumulative translation adjustments

    3,290     (2,238 )   (2,759 )
 

Unrealized loss on investment, net of tax

            (65 )
 

Unrecognized pension and post retirement costs, net of tax

    7,711     (3,412 )   (8,160 )
               

Total comprehensive income

  $ 80,827   $ 37,552   $ 45,788  
               

Supplemental Information on Cash Flows

        Supplemental information on cash flows follows:

 
  For the Year Ended May 31,  
 
  2011   2010   2009  

Interest paid

  $ 17,167   $ 13,629   $ 17,014  

Income taxes paid

    9,812     30,149     29,106  

Income tax refunds and interest received

    4,541     709     432  

        During fiscal 2011, treasury stock decreased $4,016 reflecting the re-issuance of shares upon exercise of stock options, net of shares withheld to satisfy statutory tax obligations and restricted stock award grants of $6,692, partially offset by the purchase of treasury shares of $2,539 and the impact of net share settlements of $137 of bond hedge and warrants associated with convertible bond repurchases during fiscal 2011. During fiscal 2010, treasury stock increased $1,288 reflecting the impact of net share settlements of $338 of bond hedge and warrants associated with convertible bond repurchases during fiscal 2010, and the impact from shares withheld to satisfy statutory tax obligations associated with the exercise of stock options of $950. During fiscal 2009, treasury stock increased $2,224 reflecting the impact of net share settlements of $1,345 of bond hedge and warrants associated with convertible bond repurchases during fiscal 2009, and the impact from shares withheld to satisfy statutory tax obligations associated with the exercise of stock options of $879.

Use of Estimates

        We have made estimates and utilized certain assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of contingent liabilities to prepare these consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassification

        Certain amounts in the prior years' consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation.

New Accounting Standards

        In December 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2010-28, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): When to Perform Step 2 of the Goodwill Impairment Test for Reporting Units with Zero or Negative Carrying Amounts ("ASU 2010-28"). ASU 2010-28 modifies Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test for reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts. For those reporting units, an entity is required to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test if it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists. In determining whether it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists, an entity should consider whether there are any adverse qualitative factors indicating that impairment may exist. We are required to adopt ASU 2010-28 on June 1, 2011 and do not expect it to have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.