485APOS 1 getft_485apos.htm 485APOS

 

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 8, 2025

Securities Act File No. 333-238109

Investment Company Act File No. 811-23568

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

  FORM N-1A  
     
  REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
     
 

Pre-Effective Amendment No. __

  Post-Effective Amendment No. 15
     
  and/or  
     
  REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
  Amendment No. 18

 

GABELLI ETFs TRUST

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580-1422

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

 

Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code: 1-800-422-3554

 

John C. Ball

Gabelli Funds, LLC

One Corporate Center

Rye, New York 10580-1422

(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

 

Copies to:

 

Peter Goldstein, Esq.   Michael R. Rosella, Esq.
Gabelli ETFs Trust   Paul Hastings LLP
One Corporate Center   200 Park Avenue
Rye, New York 10580-1422   New York, New York 10166

 

It is proposed that this filing will become effective:

 

immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b); or
on ________ pursuant to paragraph (b); or
60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1); or
on ________ pursuant to paragraph (a)(1); or
75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2); or
on ________ pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485.

 

If appropriate, check the following box:

 

This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

Preliminary Prospectus Dated July 8, 2025
Subject to Completion

 

Gabelli ETFs Trust

Gabelli High Income ETF
(the “Fund”)

One Corporate Center
Rye, New York 10580-1422
800-GABELLI
(800-422-3554)
fax: 914-921-5118
website: www.gabelli.com
email: info@gabelli.com

 

 

Questions?

Call 800-GABELLI

or your investment representative.

 

 

Table of Contents

 

Summary of the Fund  
Gabelli High Income ETF 2
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, AND RELATED RISKS 11
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND 22
INDEX DESCRIPTIONS 23
PURCHASE AND SALE OF SHARES 23
PAYMENTS TO BROKER/DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES 23
PRICING OF FUND SHARES 24
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS 25
TAX INFORMATION 25
CREATIONS AND REDEMPTIONS 26
DELIVERY OF SHAREHOLDER DOCUMENTS – HOUSEHOLDING 27
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 27

Gabelli ETFs Trust

(the “Trust”)

 

Fund   Ticker Symbol
Gabelli High Income ETF   [_____]
Listing Exchange: NYSE Arca    

 

PROSPECTUS DATED

 

[●], 2025

 

The Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved the shares described in this prospectus or determined whether this prospectus is accurate or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

 

 

 

Gabelli High Income ETF

(the “High Income Fund” or the “Fund”)

 

Investment Objective

 

The Fund seeks high total return consistent with capital preservation, comprised primarily of current income and secondarily of capital appreciation.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Fund:

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and example below. The investment advisory agreement between Gabelli ETFs Trust (the “Trust”) and Gabelli Funds, LLC (the “Adviser”) provides that the Adviser will pay all operating expenses of the Fund, except the management fees, interest expenses, taxes, expenses incurred with respect to the acquisition and disposition of portfolio securities and the execution of portfolio transactions, including brokerage commissions, distribution fees or expenses, litigation expenses, and any extraordinary expenses.

 

Shareholder Fees            
(fees paid directly from your investment):       None    
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment):
           
Management Fees       0.55 %  
Other Expenses(1)       0.00 %  
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses       0.55 %  
Less Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement(2)       (0.55 )%  
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver       0.00 %  

 

 
(1) “Other Expenses” are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
(2) The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive the Fund’s management fee of 0.55% on the first $25 million in net assets for one year from the commencement of the Fund’s operations. This agreement may be terminated only by, or with the consent of, the Fund’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”).

 

Expense Example

 

This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds.

 

The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods shown and then sell all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

1 Year   3 Years   5 Years   10 Years
$0   $121   $252   $636

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when the Fund’s shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the annual Fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. As the Fund has not yet commenced operations, there is no portfolio turnover information to provide at this time.

 

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Principal Investment Strategies

 

The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”). The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, as a principal strategy, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) in a broad range of income producing securities, including debt, equity and hybrid instruments (the “80% Policy”). As part of the 80% Policy, under normal market conditions, the Fund will attempt to achieve its investment objective primarily by investing in high-yield corporate bonds and other debt instruments, with an emphasis on those rated below investment grade (including, but not limited to, bank loans in the form of assignments or participations, payment-in-kind securities, and deferred payment securities). The high-yield securities the Fund invests in may be fixed, variable, or floating rate. The Fund may invest in new issuances of high yield securities, distressed securities, and restricted or illiquid securities, including significant investments in Rule 144A securities. The Fund intends to invest primarily in higher yielding and generally lower quality debt securities (rated Ba1 / BB+ or below by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”) or unrated but determined by the Adviser to be of equivalent quality), including corporate loan obligations. Such securities are sometimes referred to as “junk bonds.” In addition, as part of the 80% Policy, under normal market conditions, the Fund may also opportunistically invest in investment grade instruments, common stock, preferred stock, and other equity-related hybrid instruments, including convertible securities.

 

The Fund may also invest in collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), including collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”). CDOs are securitized interests in pools of generally non-mortgage-assets. Assets called collateral usually are comprised of loans or other debt instruments. Multiple tranches of securities are issued by the CDO, offering investors various maturity and credit risk characteristics. Tranches are categorized as senior, mezzanine and subordinated/equity, according to their degree of credit risk. If there are defaults or the CDO’s collateral otherwise underperforms, scheduled payments to senior tranches take precedence over those of mezzanine tranches, and scheduled payments to mezzanine tranches take precedence over those to subordinated/equity tranches. Senior and mezzanine tranches are typically rated, with the former receiving ratings of A to AAA/Aaa and the latter receiving ratings of B to BBB/Baa. The ratings reflect both the credit quality of underlying collateral as well as how much protection a given tranche is afforded by tranches that are subordinate to it. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized substantially by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. The cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. Senior tranches typically have higher ratings and lower yields than the CLO’s underlying securities and subordinated tranches and may be rated investment grade. The ratings reflect both the credit quality of underlying collateral as well as how much protection a given tranche is afforded by tranches that are subordinate to it.

 

The Fund may also invest in derivative instruments as a means of hedging risk and/or for investment or efficient portfolio management purposes, which may include altering the Fund’s exposure to currencies, interest rates, inflation, sectors, industries and individual issuers. These derivative instruments may include, among other things, futures, forward foreign currency contracts, and swaps, such as total return swaps, credit default swaps and interest rate swaps. The Fund will count the notional value of investments in derivative instruments towards compliance with the 80% Policy.

 

The Fund may also invest in other investment companies, including ETFs, if the investment companies invest principally in the types of investments in which the Fund may invest directly. To the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies, including ETFs, the Fund will consider the underlying holdings of such funds for purposes of compliance with the 80% Policy.

 

The Fund may also invest in fixed-income instruments of foreign issuers, including issuers of debt securities in emerging markets. The Fund considers a security to be from a developed country if its issuer is located in the following developed countries list, which is subject to change: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bermuda, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Fund considers a security to be an emerging markets security if its issuer is located outside of the countries listed above. Generally, the Fund invests in U.S. dollar denominated securities, however, the Fund may invest in securities denominated in foreign currencies.

 

The Fund has no average maturity limitations, but it typically invests in intermediate-term debt securities. The Fund may also invest in long-term debt securities and short-term money market instruments and U.S. government securities.

 

The Fund may also hold cash or cash equivalents, including commercial paper and short-term securities issued by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities. The percentage of the Fund invested in such holdings varies and depends

 

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on various factors, including market conditions and purchases and redemptions of Fund shares. The Adviser may determine that it is appropriate to invest a substantial portion of the Fund’s assets in such instruments in response to certain circumstances, such as periods of market turmoil.

 

The Fund may change the 80% Policy without shareholder approval. The Fund will provide shareholders with written notice at least 60 days prior to the implementation of any such changes.

 

The Adviser generally utilizes a fundamental, bottom-up, long-only investment strategy by investing in issuers that the Adviser believes can carry debt loads through different economic cycles. The Adviser seeks to invest in issuers that demonstrate the ability to generate strong, sustainable cash flows, which may enable an issuer to decrease leverage and improve its credit rating. The Adviser also uses proprietary research to identify areas of relative value, within the high yield market that the Adviser believes to be undervalued/overvalued relative to the overall market. The Adviser seeks to invest in issuers with high quality business models that have attractive risk adjusted return characteristics. The Adviser believes that the disciplined execution of its investment process will enable it to select individual securities that have the potential to perform well in diverse market environments.

 

In the event of adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, the Fund may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with the Fund’s principal investment strategies. To the extent the Fund assumes a defensive position, it may not achieve its investment objective.

 

Principal Risks

 

You may want to invest in the Fund if:

 

you are seeking current income and appreciation of capital

 

you are able to tolerate the risks associated with significant investments in high yield bonds

 

The Fund’s share price will fluctuate with changes in the market value of the Fund’s portfolio securities. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit in a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. When you sell Fund shares, they may be worth more or less than what you paid for them; you may lose money by investing in the Fund.

 

Investing in the Fund involves the following risks:

 

Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that the value of loans or other debt instruments may decline if the borrower or the issuer defaults or otherwise becomes unable or unwilling, or is perceived to be unable or unwilling, to honor its financial obligations, such as making payments to the Fund when due. If the issuer of a debt instrument fails to pay interest or principal when due, or negative perceptions exist in the market of the issuer’s ability to make such payments, the price of the security may decline. Credit rating agencies assign credit ratings to certain loans and debt instruments to indicate their credit risk. A rating downgrade by such agencies can negatively impact the value of such instruments. Lower-rated or unrated loans or instruments held by the Fund may present increased credit risk as compared to higher-rated loans or instruments. Non-investment grade loans or debt instruments may be subject to greater price fluctuations and are more likely to experience a default than investment grade loans or debt instruments and therefore may expose the Fund to increased credit risk.

 

Debt Instruments Risk. The risks of investing in debt or fixed-income instruments include (without limitation): (i) credit risk, e.g., the issuer or guarantor of a debt security may be unable or unwilling (or be perceived as unable or unwilling) to make timely principal and/or interest payments or otherwise honor its obligations, or changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may affect the value of the Fund’s investments; (ii) maturity risk, e.g., a debt security with a longer maturity may fluctuate in value more than one with a shorter maturity; (iii) market risk, e.g., low demand for debt securities may negatively impact their price; (iv) interest rate risk, e.g., when interest rates go up, the value of a debt security generally goes down, and when interest rates go down, the value of a debt security generally goes up (long-term debt securities are generally more susceptible to interest rate risk than short-term debt securities); and (v) call or prepayment risk, e.g., during a period of falling interest rates, the issuer may redeem a security by repaying it early, which may reduce the Fund’s income if the proceeds are reinvested at lower interest rates.

 

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Lower-Rated Debt Securities Risk. Lower-rated debt securities (commonly known as “junk bonds”) and unrated debt securities determined to be of comparable quality involve greater risks than investment grade debt securities. Such securities may fluctuate more widely in price and yield and may fall in price, sometimes abruptly, due to changes in interest rates, market activity, economic conditions, such as when economic conditions are deteriorating or are expected to deteriorate, or other factors. These securities may be less liquid, may require a greater degree of judgment to establish a price and may be difficult to sell at the time and price the Fund desires. Lower-rated debt securities are considered by the major rating agencies to be predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s continuing ability to pay principal and interest and carry a greater risk that the issuer of such securities will default in the timely payment of principal and interest. Issuers of securities that are in default or have defaulted may fail to resume principal or interest payments, in which case the Fund may lose its entire investment. The creditworthiness of issuers of these securities may be more complex to analyze than that of issuers of investment grade debt securities, and the overreliance on credit ratings may present additional risks.

 

Unrated Fixed Income Securities Risk. The Adviser has the authority to make determinations regarding the quality of unrated fixed income securities for the purpose of assessing whether they meet the Fund’s investment restrictions. However, analysis of unrated securities is more complex than that of rated securities, making it more difficult for the Adviser to accurately predict risk.

 

Collateralized Debt Obligations Risk. CDOs, which include CLOs, issue classes or “tranches” of securities that vary in risk and yield and may experience substantial losses due to interest rate fluctuations, actual defaults, collateral defaults, disappearance of subordinate tranches, market anticipation of defaults, and investor aversion to CDO securities as a class. The risks of investing in CDOs depend largely on the quality and type of the underlying debt, which may include loans, bonds and mortgages, and the tranche of the CDO in which the Fund invests. In addition, CDOs that obtain their exposure through derivative instruments entail the additional risks associated with such instruments. CDOs may be difficult to value, may at times be illiquid, may be highly leveraged (which could make them highly volatile), and may produce unexpected investment results due to their complex structure. In addition, CDOs involve many of the same risks of investing in debt securities and asset-backed securities including, but not limited to, interest rate risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, and valuation risk.

 

Interest Rate Risk. The value of debt instruments usually rise and fall in response to changes in interest rates. Declining interest rates generally increase the value of existing debt instruments, and rising interest rates generally decrease the value of existing debt instruments. Changes in a debt instrument’s value usually will not affect the amount of interest income paid to the Fund, but it will affect the value of the Fund’s shares. Interest rate risk is generally greater for investments with longer maturities, and the link between interest rates and debt security prices tends to be weaker with lower-rated debt securities than with investment grade debt securities. It is difficult to predict the pace at which central banks or monetary authorities may change interest rates or the timing, frequency, or magnitude of such changes. Any such changes could be sudden and could expose debt markets to significant volatility and reduced liquidity for investments.

 

Bank Loan Risk. Bank loans may be unsecured or not fully collateralized, subject to restrictions on resale, and sometimes trade infrequently on the secondary market. Bank loans settle on a delayed basis; thus, sale proceeds may not be available to meet redemptions for a substantial period of time after the sale of the loan.

 

Convertible Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in convertible securities which may include both convertible debt and convertible preferred stock. Such securities may be converted into shares of the underlying common stock at either a stated price or stated rate. Convertible securities provide higher yields than the underlying common stock, but generally offer lower yields than nonconvertible securities of similar quality. The value of convertible securities fluctuates in relation to changes in interest rates and, in addition, fluctuates in relation to the underlying common stock.

 

Preferred Stock Risk. A preferred stock is a blend of the characteristics of a bond and common stock. It can offer the higher yield of a bond and has priority over common stock in equity ownership but does not have the seniority of a bond and, unlike common stock, its participation in the issuer’s growth may be limited.

 

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Early Close/Trading Halt Risk. An exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on specific securities, or the ability to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments may be restricted, which may result in the Fund being unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments. In such circumstances, the Fund may be unable to rebalance its portfolio, may be unable to accurately price its investments and/or may incur substantial trading losses. Any security for which trading has been halted for an extended period of time will be disclosed on the Fund’s website, www.gabelli.com.

 

Authorized Participant Concentration Risk. Only an Authorized Participant may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the Fund. “Authorized Participants” are broker-dealers that are permitted to create and redeem shares directly with the Fund and who have entered into agreements with the Fund’s distributor. The Fund has a limited number of institutions that may act as Authorized Participants on an agency basis (i.e., on behalf of other market participants). To the extent that these institutions exit the business or are unable to process creation and/or redemption orders with respect to the Fund and no other Authorized Participant steps forward to create or redeem, Fund shares may trade at a premium or discount to the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) and possibly face trading halts and/or delisting. This risk may be more pronounced in volatile markets, potentially where there are significant redemptions in ETFs, generally. Authorized participant concentration risk may be heightened for ETFs that invest in securities issued by non-U.S. issuers or other securities or instruments that have lower trading volumes. Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for Fund shares may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings. This adverse effect on liquidity for the Fund’s shares could, in turn, lead to wider bid-ask spreads and differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of those shares.

 

Market Trading Risk. Individual Fund shares may be purchased and sold only on a national securities exchange or alternative trading system through a broker-dealer, and may not be directly purchased or redeemed from the Fund. There can be no guarantee that an active trading market for shares will develop or be maintained, or that their listing will continue unchanged. Buying and selling shares may require you to pay brokerage commissions and expose you to other trading costs. Due to brokerage commissions and other transaction costs that may apply, frequent trading may detract from realized investment returns. Trading prices of shares may be above, at, or below the Fund’s NAV, will fluctuate in relation to NAV based on supply and demand in the market for shares and other factors, and may vary significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility. The return on your investment will be reduced if you sell shares at a greater discount or narrower premium to NAV than when you acquired shares.

 

Equity Risk. Equity risk is the risk that the prices of the securities held by the Fund will change due to general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the industries in which the companies issuing the securities participate, and the issuer companies’ particular circumstances. These fluctuations may cause an equity security to be worth less than it was worth when it was purchased by the Fund. Because the value of equity securities, and thus shares of the Fund, could decline, you could lose money.

 

Counterparty Risk. Counterparty risk is the risk that a counterparty to a transaction in a financial instrument held by the Fund or by a special purpose or structured vehicle invested in by the Fund may become insolvent or otherwise fail to perform its obligations. As a result, the Fund may obtain no or limited recovery of its investment, and any recovery may be significantly delayed.

 

Prepayment and Extension Risk. Prepayment and extension risk is the risk that a loan, bond or other security or investment might, in the case of prepayment risk, be called or otherwise converted, prepaid or redeemed before maturity and, in the case of extension risk, that the investment might not be called as expected. In the case of prepayment risk, if the investment is converted, prepaid or redeemed before maturity, the portfolio manager may not be able to invest the proceeds in other investments providing as high a level of income, resulting in a reduced yield to the Fund. In the case of mortgage- or other asset-backed securities, as interest rates decrease or spreads narrow, the likelihood of prepayment increases. Conversely, extension risk is the risk that an unexpected rise in interest rates will extend the life of a mortgage- or other asset-backed security beyond the prepayment time. If the Fund’s investments are locked in at a lower interest rate for a longer time, the portfolio manager may be unable to capitalize on securities with higher interest rates or wider spreads.

 

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Call Risk. Upon an issuer’s desire to call a security, or under other circumstances where a security is called, including when interest rates are low and issuers opt to repay the obligation underlying a “callable security” early, the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds in an investment offering a lower yield and may not benefit from any increase in value that might otherwise result from declining interest rates.

 

Restricted and Illiquid Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in restricted or illiquid securities, including Rule 144A securities, which are securities that are not registered for sale to the general public under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). These securities may be resold to certain institutional investors but, if at any time an insufficient number of qualified institutional buyers are interested in purchasing the securities, the Fund may not have the ability to dispose of such securities promptly or at expected prices. As such, even if determined to be liquid, the Fund’s investment in Rule 144A securities may subject the Fund to enhanced liquidity risk and potentially increase the Fund’s exposure to illiquid investments. Certain investments that were liquid when the Fund purchased them may become illiquid, sometimes abruptly. Unexpected episodes of illiquidity, including due to market or political factors, instrument or issuer-specific factors and/or unanticipated outflows or other factors, may limit the Fund’s ability to pay redemption proceeds within the allowable time period. To meet redemption requests during periods of illiquidity, the Fund may be forced to sell securities at an unfavorable time and/or under unfavorable conditions.

 

Loan Interests Risk. The Fund may acquire loan interests by direct investment as a lender, by obtaining an assignment of all or a portion of the interests in a particular loan that are held by an original lender or a prior assignee or by participation in a loan interest that is held by another party. As an assignee, the Fund normally will succeed to all rights and obligations of its assignor with respect to the portion of the loan that is being assigned. However, the rights and obligations acquired by the purchaser of a loan assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the original lenders of the assignor. When the Fund’s loan interest is a participation, the Fund may have less control over the exercise of remedies than the party selling the participation interest, and the Fund normally would not have any rights against the borrower. It is possible that the Fund could be held liable, or may be called upon to fulfill other obligations, with respect to loans in which it receives an assignment in whole or in part, or in which it owns a participation. The potential for such liability is greater for an assignee than for a participant. Loan interests may be difficult to value and may have extended settlement periods (the settlement cycle for many bank loans exceeds 7 days). Extended settlement periods may result in cash not being immediately available to the Fund. As a result, during periods of unusually heavy redemptions, the Fund may have to sell other investments or borrow money to meet its obligations.

 

Variable and Floating Rate Instruments Risk. The market prices of instruments with variable and floating interest rates are generally less sensitive to interest rate changes than are the market prices of instruments with fixed interest rates. Variable and floating rate instruments may decline in value if market interest rates or interest rates paid by such instruments do not move as expected. Certain types of floating rate instruments, such as interests in bank loans, may be subject to greater liquidity risk than other debt securities, may have restrictions on resale and may lack an active market.

 

Covenant Lite Loan Risk. The Fund may invest in, or obtain exposure to, loans that are “covenant lite.” Covenants contained in loan documentation are intended to protect lenders by imposing certain restrictions and other limitations on a borrower’s operations or assets and by providing certain information and consent rights to lenders. Covenant lite loans may lack financial maintenance covenants that in certain situations can allow lenders to claim a default on the loan to seek to protect the interests of the lenders. The absence of financial maintenance covenants in a covenant lite loan might result in a lower recovery in the event of a default by the borrower. Covenant lite loans have become much more prevalent in recent years.

 

Highly Leveraged Transactions Risk. The loans or other debt instruments in which the Fund invests may include highly leveraged transactions where the borrower assumes large amounts of debt. Loans or other debt instruments that are part of highly leveraged transactions involve a greater risk (including default or bankruptcy) than other investments.

 

Impairment of Collateral Risk. The value of collateral, if any, securing a loan can decline, and may be insufficient to meet the borrower’s obligations or may be difficult or costly to liquidate. In addition, the Fund’s access to collateral may be limited by bankruptcy or other insolvency laws. Certain floating rate and other loans may not be fully collateralized and may decline in value.

 

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Distressed Securities Risk. Distressed securities may present a substantial risk of default or may be in default. Distressed securities involve the substantial risk that principal will not be repaid and the Fund may lose a substantial portion or all of its investment. The Fund may not receive interest payments on the distressed securities, which would not generate income for shareholders, and may incur costs to protect its investment. The prices of such securities may be subject to periods of abrupt and erratic market movements and above-average price volatility and it may be difficult to value such securities. In certain periods, there may be little or no liquidity in the markets for distressed securities meaning that the Fund may be unable to exit its position.

 

Deferred Payment Securities Risk. Deferred payment securities are zero-coupon securities that convert on a specified date to interest bearing debt securities. On this date, the stated coupon rate becomes effective and interest is paid at regular intervals. During the time that interest payments are not being made on these securities, holders are deemed to receive income (phantom income) annually, even though cash is not received. Additionally, these securities may be subject to greater price fluctuations when interest rates change than securities that currently pay interest. Longer term zero-coupon bonds are more exposed to this risk than those with shorter terms.

 

Payment-in-Kind Securities Risk. Payment-in-kind securities carry additional risks as holders of these types of securities realize no cash until the cash payment date unless a portion of such securities is sold and, if the issuer defaults, the Fund may obtain no return at all on its investment. The market price of payment-in-kind securities is affected by interest rate changes to a greater extent, and therefore tends to be more volatile, than that of securities which pay interest in cash.

 

Foreign Securities Risk. Investments in foreign securities involve risks relating to political, social, and economic developments abroad, as well as risks resulting from the differences between the regulations to which U.S and foreign issuers and markets are subject. These risks include expropriation, differing accounting and disclosure standards, currency exchange risks, settlement difficulties, market illiquidity, difficulties enforcing legal rights, and greater transaction costs.

 

Emerging Markets Risk. Securities of companies in emerging markets or companies with significant exposure to emerging markets may be more volatile than those of companies in more developed markets. Emerging markets may be more likely to experience economic, political or social instability than more developed markets. Foreign securities risks are more pronounced in the securities of companies located in emerging markets.

 

Currency Risk. Currency risk is the risk that foreign currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar. To the extent that the Fund invests in securities or other instruments denominated in or indexed to foreign currencies, changes in currency rates could adversely impact investment gains or add to investment losses. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time and can be affected unpredictably by various factors, including investor perception and changes in interest rates; intervention, or failure to intervene, by U.S. or foreign governments, central banks, or supranational entities; or by currency controls or political developments in the U.S. or abroad.

 

Changing Distribution Level Risk. The Fund normally expects to receive income, which may include interest, dividends and/or capital gains, depending on its investments. The distribution amounts paid by the Fund will vary and generally depend on the amount of income the Fund earns (less expenses) on its portfolio holdings, and capital gains or losses it recognizes. A decline in the Fund’s income or net capital gains arising from its investments may reduce its distribution level. Income received from the Fund may vary widely over the short- and long-term and/or be less than anticipated if the proceeds from maturing securities in the Fund are reinvested in lower-yielding securities. In certain circumstances, the Fund may be treated as receiving income even though no cash is received.

 

Portfolio Turnover Risk. High portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater expenses to the Fund, including brokerage commissions, or dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities and reinvestments in other securities. Such sales may also result in adverse tax consequences to the Fund’s shareholders. The trading costs and tax effects associated with portfolio turnover may adversely affect the Fund’s performance.

 

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Issuer Risk. An issuer in which the Fund invests or to which it has exposure may perform poorly or below expectations, and the value of its loans or securities may therefore decline, which may negatively affect the Fund’s performance. Underperformance of an issuer may be caused by poor management decisions, competitive pressures, breakthroughs in technology, reliance on suppliers, labor problems or shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, natural disasters, military confrontations and actions, war, other conflicts, terrorism, diseases/virus outbreaks, epidemics or other events, and various conditions and other factors, all of which may impair the value of your investment in the Fund.

 

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives and other similar instruments (collectively referred to as “derivatives”) may include, among other things, futures, options, forwards and swap agreements, including credit default swaps. The Fund may use derivatives for any purpose, including to attempt to enhance income, yield or return, as a substitute for investing directly in a security or asset, or as a hedging technique in an attempt to manage risk in the Fund’s portfolio. The Fund may choose not to make use of derivatives for a variety of reasons, and no assurance can be given that any derivatives strategy employed will be successful. Investments in derivatives may result in increased volatility and the Fund may incur a loss greater than its principal investment.

 

Short-Term Investments. Short-term investments include money market instruments, repurchase agreements, certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances and other short-term instruments that are not U.S. government securities. These securities generally present less risk than many other investments, but they are generally subject to credit risk and may be subject to other risks as well.

 

New Fund Risk. The Fund is a new fund with no operating history. There can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size. The Fund could cease operations, and investors may be required to liquidate or transfer its assets at a loss.

 

Market Risk. Global economies and financial markets are increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. For example, the U.S. and other countries are periodically involved in disputes over trade and other matters, which may result in tariffs, investment restrictions and adverse impacts on affected companies and securities. Trade disputes may adversely affect the economies of the U.S. and its trading partners, as well as companies directly or indirectly affected and financial markets generally. The current political climate, including political and diplomatic events within the U.S. and abroad, may adversely affect the U.S. regulatory landscape, the general market environment and/or investor sentiment, which could have an adverse impact on the Fund’s investments and operations. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. For example, the ongoing armed conflicts between Russia and Ukraine in Europe and among Israel, Hamas and other militant groups in the Middle East have caused and may continue to cause significant market disruptions. As a result, there is significant uncertainty around how these conflicts will evolve, which may result in market volatility and may have long-lasting impacts on both the U.S. and global financial markets.

 

Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of the Fund’s shares and distributions thereon can decline. Inflation risk is linked to increases in the prices of goods and services and a decrease in the purchasing power of money. Inflation is often accompanied or followed by a recession, or period of decline in economic activity, which may include job loss and other hardships and may cause the value of securities to go down generally. Inflation risk is greater for fixed-income instruments with longer maturities. In addition, this risk may be significantly elevated compared to normal conditions because of recent monetary policy measures and the current interest rate environment.

 

Management Risk. If the portfolio manager is incorrect in his assessment of the investment prospects of securities the Fund holds, then the value of the Fund’s shares may decline.

 

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Geopolitical Risk. Occurrences of global events such as war, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, country instability, infectious disease epidemics, pandemics and other public health issues, market instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers and other governmental trade or market control programs, the potential exit of a country from its respective union and related geopolitical events, may result in market volatility and may have long-lasting impacts on both the U.S. and global financial markets. For example, the U.S. government has imposed, and may in the future further increase, tariffs on certain foreign goods, and some foreign governments have instituted retaliatory tariffs on certain U.S. goods. These and any further actions that may be taken by the U.S. and foreign governments with respect to trade policy may impair the value of your investment in the Fund.

 

U.S. Government Securities. Obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies, authorities and instrumentalities and backed by the full faith and credit of the United States only guarantee principal and interest will be timely paid to holders of the securities. The entities do not guarantee that the value of Fund shares will increase, and the market values of such obligations may fluctuate.

 

Other Investment Company Risk. To the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies, including money market funds and ETFs, its performance will be affected by the performance of those other investment companies and to the allocation of its assets among those other investment companies. Investments in other investment companies are subject to the risks of the other investment companies’ investments, as well as to the other investment companies’ expenses.

 

Absence of an Active Market. Although shares of the Fund are listed for trading on one or more stock exchanges, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will develop or be maintained by market makers or Authorized Participants. Authorized Participants are not obligated to execute purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units. Because this is a novel and unique structure, this could influence the number of entities willing to act as Authorized Participants. In periods of market volatility, market makers and/or Authorized Participants may be less willing to transact in Fund shares. The absence of an active market for the Fund’s shares may contribute to the Fund’s shares trading at a premium or discount to NAV. If a shareholder purchases Fund shares at a time when the market price is at a premium to the NAV or sells Fund shares at a time when the market price is at a discount to the NAV, the shareholder may sustain losses.

 

Trading Issues Risk. Trading in Fund shares on NYSE Arca, Inc. (“NYSE Arca”) may be halted in certain circumstances. There can be no assurance that the requirements of NYSE Arca necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met.

 

Performance

 

The Fund has not yet commenced operations and, therefore, performance information is not yet available. Performance information will be available after the Fund has been in operation for one calendar year.

 

Management

 

The Adviser. Gabelli Funds, LLC

 

The Portfolio Manager. Mr. Wayne C. Plewniak, Managing Director, Head of Fixed Income and Portfolio Manager, has managed the Fund since inception and managed similarly focused funds since 1991.

 

Other Information

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

 

The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (commonly referred to as an “ETF”). Individual shares of the Fund are listed on a national securities exchange, and individual Fund shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary

 

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market through a broker or dealer at market price. These transactions, which do not involve the Fund, are made at market prices that may vary throughout the day, rather than at NAV. Shares of the Fund may trade at a price greater than the Fund’s NAV (premium) or less than the Fund’s NAV (discount). An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for shares (ask) when buying or selling Fund shares in the secondary market (the “bid-ask spread”). The Fund will only issue or redeem shares that have been aggregated into blocks of 5,000 shares or multiples thereof (“Creation Units”) to Authorized Participants who have entered into agreements with the Fund’s distributor. The Fund generally will issue or redeem Creation Units in return for a designated portfolio of securities (and an amount of cash) that the Fund specifies each day.

 

Tax Information

 

The Fund expects that distributions will generally be taxable as ordinary income or long-term capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an IRA.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, AND RELATED RISKS

 

The investment objective of the Fund is to seek high total returns consistent with capital preservation, comprised primarily of current income and secondarily of capital appreciation. Neither the investment objective nor any of the policies are fundamental, except as expressly stated herein, and each may be modified without shareholder approval. Shareholders will receive notice sixty days prior to any change in the Fund’s investment objective.

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, as a principal strategy, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) in a broad range of income producing securities, including debt, equity and hybrid instruments (the “80% Policy”). As part of the 80% Policy, under normal market conditions, the Fund will attempt to achieve its investment objective primarily by investing in high-yield corporate bonds and other debt instruments, with an emphasis on those rated below investment grade (including, but not limited to, bank loans in the form of assignments or participations, payment-in-kind securities, and deferred payment securities). The high-yield securities the Fund invests in may be fixed, variable, or floating rate. The Fund may invest in new issuances of high yield securities, distressed securities, and restricted or illiquid securities, including significant investments in Rule 144A securities. The Fund intends to invest primarily in higher yielding and generally lower quality debt securities (rated Ba1 / BB+ or below by a NRSRO or unrated but determined by the Adviser to be of equivalent quality), including corporate loan obligations. Such securities are sometimes referred to as “junk bonds.” In addition, as part of the 80% Policy, under normal market conditions, the Fund may also opportunistically invest in investment grade instruments, common stock, preferred stock, and other equity-related hybrid instruments, including convertible securities.

 

The Fund may also invest in CDOs, including CLOs. CDOs are securitized interests in pools of generally non-mortgage-assets. Assets called collateral usually are comprised of loans or other debt instruments. Multiple tranches of securities are issued by the CDO, offering investors various maturity and credit risk characteristics. Tranches are categorized as senior, mezzanine and subordinated/equity, according to their degree of credit risk. If there are defaults or the CDO’s collateral otherwise underperforms, scheduled payments to senior tranches take precedence over those of mezzanine tranches, and scheduled payments to mezzanine tranches take precedence over those to subordinated/equity tranches. Senior and mezzanine tranches are typically rated, with the former receiving ratings of A to AAA/Aaa and the latter receiving ratings of B to BBB/Baa. The ratings reflect both the credit quality of underlying collateral as well as how much protection a given tranche is afforded by tranches that are subordinate to it. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized substantially by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. The cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. Senior tranches typically have higher ratings and lower yields than the CLO’s underlying securities and subordinated tranches and may be

 

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rated investment grade. The ratings reflect both the credit quality of underlying collateral as well as how much protection a given tranche is afforded by tranches that are subordinate to it.

 

The Fund may also invest in derivative instruments as a means of hedging risk and/or for investment or efficient portfolio management purposes, which may include altering the Fund’s exposure to currencies, interest rates, inflation, sectors, industries and individual issuers. These derivative instruments may include, among other things, futures, forward foreign currency contracts, and swaps, such as total return swaps, credit default swaps and interest rate swaps. The Fund will count the notional value of investments in derivative instruments towards compliance with the 80% Policy.

 

The Fund may also invest in other investment companies, including exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), if the investment companies invest principally in the types of investments in which the Fund may invest directly. To the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies, including ETFs, the Fund will consider the underlying holdings of such funds for purposes of compliance with the 80% Policy.

 

The Fund may also invest in fixed-income instruments of foreign issuers, including issuers of debt securities in emerging markets. The Fund considers a security to be from a developed country if its issuer is located in the following developed countries list, which is subject to change: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bermuda, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Fund considers a security to be an emerging markets security if its issuer is located outside of the countries listed above. Generally, the Fund invests in U.S. dollar denominated securities, however, the Fund may invest in securities denominated in foreign currencies.

 

The Fund has no average maturity limitations, but it typically invests in intermediate-term debt securities. The Fund may also invest in long-term debt securities and short-term money market instruments and U.S. government securities.

 

The Fund may also hold cash or cash equivalents, including commercial paper and short-term securities issued by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities. The percentage of the Fund invested in such holdings varies and depends on various factors, including market conditions and purchases and redemptions of Fund shares. The Adviser may determine that it is appropriate to invest a substantial portion of the Fund’s assets in such instruments in response to certain circumstances, such as periods of market turmoil.

 

The Fund may change the 80% Policy without shareholder approval. The Fund will provide shareholders with written notice at least 60 days prior to the implementation of any such changes.

 

The Adviser generally utilizes a fundamental, bottom-up, long-only investment strategy by investing in issuers that the Adviser believes can carry debt loads through different economic cycles. The Adviser seeks to invest in issuers that demonstrate the ability to generate strong, sustainable cash flows, which may enable an issuer to decrease leverage and improve its credit rating. The Adviser also uses proprietary research to identify areas of relative value, within the high yield market that the Adviser believes to be undervalued/overvalued relative to the overall market. The Adviser seeks to invest in issuers with high quality business models that have attractive risk adjusted return characteristics. The Adviser believes that the disciplined execution of its investment process will enable it to select individual securities that have the potential to perform well in diverse market environments.

 

In the event of adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, the Fund may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with the Fund’s principal investment strategies. To the extent the Fund assumes a defensive position, it may not achieve its investment objective.

 

You may lose money by investing in the Fund. When you sell your shares of the Fund, they could be worth less than what you paid for them.

 

Investing in the Fund involves the following risks:

 

Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that the value of loans or other debt instruments may decline if the borrower or the issuer defaults or otherwise becomes unable or unwilling, or is perceived to be unable or unwilling, to honor its financial obligations, such as making payments to the Fund when due. If the issuer of a debt instrument fails to pay interest or principal when due, or negative perceptions exist in the market of the issuer’s ability to make such payments, the price of the security may decline. Credit rating agencies assign credit ratings to

 

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certain loans and debt instruments to indicate their credit risk. A rating downgrade by such agencies can negatively impact the value of such instruments. Lower-rated or unrated loans or instruments held by the Fund may present increased credit risk as compared to higher-rated loans or instruments. Non-investment grade loans or debt instruments may be subject to greater price fluctuations and are more likely to experience a default than investment grade loans or debt instruments and therefore may expose the Fund to increased credit risk.

 

The credit quality of a security or instrument can deteriorate suddenly and rapidly, which may negatively impact its liquidity and value. The securities in which the Fund invests may be subject to credit enhancement (for example, guarantees, letters of credit, or bond insurance). Entities providing credit or liquidity support also may be affected by credit risk. Credit enhancement is designed to help assure timely payment of the security; it does not protect the Fund against losses caused by declines in a security’s value due to changes in market conditions.

 

Debt Instruments Risk. The risks of investing in debt or fixed-income instruments include (without limitation): (i) credit risk, e.g., the issuer or guarantor of a debt security may be unable or unwilling (or be perceived as unable or unwilling) to make timely principal and/or interest payments or otherwise honor its obligations, or changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may affect the value of the Fund’s investments; (ii) maturity risk, e.g., a debt security with a longer maturity may fluctuate in value more than one with a shorter maturity; (iii) market risk, e.g., low demand for debt securities may negatively impact their price; (iv) interest rate risk, e.g., when interest rates go up, the value of a debt security generally goes down, and when interest rates go down, the value of a debt security generally goes up (long-term debt securities are generally more susceptible to interest rate risk than short-term debt securities); and (v) call or prepayment risk, e.g., during a period of falling interest rates, the issuer may redeem a security by repaying it early, which may reduce the Fund’s income if the proceeds are reinvested at lower interest rates.

 

Lower Rated Debt Securities Risk. Lower-rated debt securities (commonly known as “junk bonds”) and unrated debt securities determined to be of comparable quality involve greater risks than investment grade debt securities. Such securities may fluctuate more widely in price and yield and may fall in price, sometimes abruptly, due to changes in interest rates, market activity, economic conditions, such as when economic conditions are deteriorating or are expected to deteriorate, or other factors. These securities may be less liquid and also may require a greater degree of judgment to establish a price, may be difficult to sell at the time and price the Fund desires, and may carry higher transaction costs. In particular, these securities may be issued by smaller companies or by highly indebted companies, which are generally less able than more financially stable companies to make scheduled payments of interest and principal. Lower-rated debt securities are considered by the major rating agencies to be predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s continuing ability to pay principal and interest and carry a greater risk that the issuer of such securities will default in the timely payment of principal and interest. Such securities are susceptible to such a default or decline in market value due to real or perceived adverse economic and business developments relating to the issuer, the industry in general, market interest rates and market liquidity. Such securities may be unsecured or have insufficient collateral and may be subordinated to other creditors, which increases the risk of loss on these securities. Issuers of securities that are in default or have defaulted may fail to resume principal or interest payments, in which case the Fund may lose its entire investment. Where it deems it appropriate and in the best interests of Fund shareholders, the Fund may incur additional expenses to seek recovery on a defaulted security and/or to pursue litigation to protect the Fund’s investment. The credit rating of a security may not accurately reflect the actual credit risk associated with such a security. The creditworthiness of issuers of these securities may be more complex to analyze than that of issuers of investment grade debt securities, and the overreliance on credit ratings may present additional risks. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, such as a high profile default, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of such securities, especially in a thinly traded or illiquid market. To the extent the Fund owns or may acquire illiquid or restricted lower-rated debt securities or unrated debt securities of comparable quality, these securities may involve special registration responsibilities, liabilities, costs, and liquidity and valuation difficulties.

 

Unrated Fixed Income Securities Risk. The Adviser has the authority to make determinations regarding the quality of unrated fixed income securities for the purpose of assessing whether they meet the Fund’s investment restrictions. However, analysis of unrated securities is more complex than that of rated securities, making it more difficult for the Adviser to accurately predict risk. Unrated fixed income securities may not be lower in

 

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quality than rated securities, but due to their perceived risk, they may not have as broad a market as rated securities, making it more difficult to sell unrated securities.

 

Collateralized Debt Obligations Risk. CDOs, which include CLOs, issue classes or “tranches” of securities that vary in risk and yield and may experience substantial losses due to interest rate fluctuations, actual defaults, collateral defaults, disappearance of subordinate tranches, market anticipation of defaults, and investor aversion to CDO securities as a class. The risks of investing in CDOs depend largely on the quality and type of the underlying debt, which may include loans, bonds and mortgages, and the tranche of the CDO in which the Fund invests. In addition, CDOs that obtain their exposure through derivative instruments entail the additional risks associated with such instruments. CDOs may be difficult to value, may at times be illiquid, may be highly leveraged (which could make them highly volatile), and may produce unexpected investment results due to their complex structure. In addition, CDOs involve many of the same risks of investing in debt securities and asset-backed securities including, but not limited to, interest rate risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, and valuation risk.

 

Interest Rate Risk. The value of debt instruments usually rise and fall in response to changes in interest rates. Declining interest rates generally increase the value of existing debt instruments, and rising interest rates generally decrease the value of existing debt instruments. Changes in a debt instrument’s value usually will not affect the amount of interest income paid to the Fund, but it will affect the value of the Fund’s shares. Interest rate risk is generally greater for investments with longer maturities, and the link between interest rates and debt security prices tends to be weaker with lower-rated debt securities than with investment grade debt securities. It is difficult to predict the pace at which central banks or monetary authorities may change interest rates or the timing, frequency, or magnitude of such changes. Any such changes could be sudden and could expose debt markets to significant volatility and reduced liquidity for investments.

 

Certain instruments pay interest at variable or floating rates. Variable rate instruments reset at specified intervals, while floating rate instruments reset whenever there is a change in a specified index rate. The market prices of these instruments may fluctuate significantly when interest rates change. Some investments give the issuer the option to call or redeem an investment before its maturity date. If an issuer calls or redeems an investment during a time of declining interest rates, the Fund might have to reinvest the proceeds in an investment offering a lower yield, and therefore it might not benefit from any increase in value as a result of declining interest rates.

 

Bank Loan Risk. Investing in loans (including floating rate loans, loan assignments, loan participations and other loan instruments) carries certain risks in addition to the risks typically associated with high yield/fixed income securities. Loans may be unsecured or not fully collateralized, subject to restrictions on resale and sometimes trade infrequently on the secondary market. In the event a borrower defaults, the Fund’s access to the collateral may be limited or delayed by bankruptcy or other insolvency laws. There is a risk that the value of the collateral securing the loan may decline after the Fund invests and that the collateral may not be sufficient to cover the amount owed to the Fund. If the loan is unsecured, there is no specific collateral on which the Fund can foreclose. In addition, if a secured loan is foreclosed, the Fund may bear the costs and liabilities associated within owning and disposing of the collateral, including the risk that the collateral may be difficult to sell.

 

Convertible Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in convertible securities which may include both convertible debt and convertible preferred stock. Such securities may be converted into shares of the underlying common stock at either a stated price or stated rate. Therefore, convertible securities enable the holder to benefit from increases in the market price of the underlying common stock. Convertible securities provide higher yields than the underlying common stock, but generally offer lower yields than nonconvertible securities of similar quality. The value of convertible securities fluctuates in relation to changes in interest rates and, in addition, fluctuates in relation to the underlying common stock. While no securities investment is without some risk, investments in convertible securities generally entail less risk than the issuer’s common stock; however, the extent to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed income security. A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security, convert it into underlying common stock, or sell it to a third party. Investments by the Fund in convertible debt securities are not subject to any ratings restrictions, although the Adviser will consider such ratings, and any changes in

 

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such ratings, in its determination of whether the Fund should invest and/or continue to hold the securities. The credit standing of the issuer and other factors may have an effect on a convertible security’s investment value. Convertible securities rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure, but are usually subordinated to comparable non-convertible securities. Convertible securities are subject to interest rate risk and credit risk and are often lower-quality securities.

 

Preferred Stock Risk. A preferred stock is a blend of the characteristics of a bond and common stock. It can offer the higher yield of a bond and has priority over common stock in equity ownership but does not have the seniority of a bond and, unlike common stock, its participation in the issuer’s growth may be limited. Preferred stock has preference over common stock in the receipt of dividends and in any residual assets after payment to creditors should the issuer be dissolved. Although the dividend is set at a fixed annual rate, in some circumstances it can be changed or omitted by the issuer.

 

Early Close/Trading Halt Risk. An exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on specific securities, or the ability to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments may be restricted, which may result in the Fund being unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments. In such circumstances, the Fund may be unable to rebalance its portfolio, may be unable to accurately price its investments and/or may incur substantial trading losses. Any security for which trading has been halted for an extended period of time will be disclosed on the Fund’s website, www.gabelli.com.

 

Authorized Participant Concentration Risk. Only an Authorized Participant may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the Fund. “Authorized Participants” are broker-dealers that are permitted to create and redeem shares directly with the Fund and who have entered into agreements with the Fund’s distributor. The Fund has a limited number of institutions that may act as Authorized Participants on an agency basis (i.e., on behalf of other market participants). To the extent that these institutions exit the business or are unable to process creation and/or redemption orders with respect to the Fund and no other Authorized Participant steps forward to create or redeem, Fund shares may trade at a premium or discount to the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) and possibly face trading halts and/or delisting. This risk may be more pronounced in volatile markets, potentially where there are significant redemptions in ETFs, generally. Authorized participant concentration risk may be heightened for ETFs that invest in securities issued by non-U.S. issuers or other securities or instruments that have lower trading volumes. Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for Fund shares may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings. This adverse effect on liquidity for the Fund’s shares could, in turn, lead to wider bid-ask spreads and differences between the market price of the Fund’s shares and the underlying value of those shares.

 

Market Trading Risk. Individual Fund shares may be purchased and sold only on a national securities exchange or alternative trading system through a broker-dealer, and may not be directly purchased or redeemed from the Fund. There can be no guarantee that an active trading market for shares will develop or be maintained, or that their listing will continue unchanged. Buying and selling shares may require you to pay brokerage commissions and expose you to other trading costs. Due to brokerage commissions and other transaction costs that may apply, frequent trading may detract from realized investment returns. Trading prices of shares may be above, at, or below the Fund’s NAV, will fluctuate in relation to NAV based on supply and demand in the market for shares and other factors, and may vary significantly from NAV during periods of market volatility. The return on your investment will be reduced if you sell shares at a greater discount or narrower premium to NAV than when you acquired shares.

 

Equity Risk. Equity risk is the risk that the prices of the securities held by the Fund will change due to general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the industries in which the companies issuing the securities participate, and the issuer companies’ particular circumstances. These fluctuations may cause an equity security to be worth less than it was worth when it was purchased by the Fund. Because the value of equity securities, and thus shares of the Fund, could decline, you could lose money.

 

Counterparty Risk. Counterparty risk is the risk that a counterparty to a transaction becomes insolvent or otherwise fails to perform its obligations with respect to a financial instrument held by the Fund. As a result, the Fund may obtain no or limited recovery of its investment, and any recovery may be significantly delayed.

 

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Prepayment and Extension Risk. Prepayment and extension risk is the risk that a loan, bond or other security or investment might, in the case of prepayment risk, be called or otherwise converted, prepaid or redeemed before maturity and, in the case of extension risk, that the investment might not be called as expected. In the case of prepayment risk, if the investment is converted, prepaid or redeemed before maturity, the portfolio manager may not be able to invest the proceeds in other investments providing as high a level of income, resulting in a reduced yield to the Fund. In the case of mortgage- or other asset-backed securities, as interest rates decrease or spreads narrow, the likelihood of prepayment increases. Conversely, extension risk is the risk that an unexpected rise in interest rates will extend the life of a mortgage- or other asset-backed security beyond the prepayment time. If the Fund’s investments are locked in at a lower interest rate for a longer time, the portfolio manager may be unable to capitalize on securities with higher interest rates or wider spreads.

 

Call Risk. Upon an issuer’s desire to call a security, or under other circumstances where a security is called, including when interest rates are low and issuers opt to repay the obligation underlying a “callable security” early, the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds in an investment offering a lower yield and may not benefit from any increase in value that might otherwise result from declining interest rates. This may reduce the amount of the Fund’s distributions. The likelihood of a call also may impact the price of a security.

 

Restricted and Illiquid Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in restricted or illiquid securities, including Rule 144A securities, which are securities that are not registered for sale to the general public under the Securities Act. These securities may be resold to certain institutional investors but, if at any time an insufficient number of qualified institutional buyers are interested in purchasing the securities, the Fund may not have the ability to dispose of such securities promptly or at expected prices. As such, even if determined to be liquid, the Fund’s investment in Rule 144A securities may subject the Fund to enhanced liquidity risk and potentially increase the Fund’s exposure to illiquid investments. The market for lower-quality debt securities is generally less liquid than the market for higher-quality securities. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, as well as new and proposed laws, also may have a greater negative impact on the market for lower-quality securities. Changing regulatory and market conditions, including increases in interest rates and credit spreads may adversely affect the liquidity of the Fund’s investments. Certain investments that were liquid when the Fund purchased them may become illiquid, sometimes abruptly. Unexpected episodes of illiquidity, including due to market or political factors, instrument or issuer-specific factors and/or unanticipated outflows or other factors, may limit the Fund’s ability to pay redemption proceeds within the allowable time period. To meet redemption requests during periods of illiquidity, the Fund may be forced to sell securities at an unfavorable time and/or under unfavorable conditions.

 

Loan Interests Risk. The Fund may acquire loan interests by direct investment as a lender, by obtaining an assignment of all or a portion of the interests in a particular loan that are held by an original lender or a prior assignee or by participation in a loan interest that is held by another party. As an assignee, the Fund normally will succeed to all rights and obligations of its assignor with respect to the portion of the loan that is being assigned. However, the rights and obligations acquired by the purchaser of a loan assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the original lenders of the assignor. When the Fund’s loan interest is a participation, the Fund may have less control over the exercise of remedies than the party selling the participation interest, and the Fund normally would not have any rights against the borrower. It is possible that the Fund could be held liable, or may be called upon to fulfill other obligations, with respect to loans in which it receives an assignment in whole or in part, or in which it owns a participation. The potential for such liability is greater for an assignee than for a participant. Loan interests generally are subject to restrictions on transfer, and the Fund may be unable to sell its loan interests a time when it may otherwise be desirable to do so or may be able to sell them promptly only at prices that are less than what the Fund regards as their fair market value. Accordingly, loan interests may at times be illiquid. Loan interests may be difficult to value and may have extended settlement periods (the settlement cycle for many bank loans exceeds 7 days). Extended settlement periods may result in cash not being immediately available to the Fund. As a result, during periods of unusually heavy redemptions, the Fund may have to sell other investments or borrow money to meet its obligations.

 

Variable and Floating Rate Instruments Risk. The market prices of instruments with variable and floating interest rates are generally less sensitive to interest rate changes than are the market prices of instruments with fixed interest rates. Variable and floating rate instruments may decline in value if market interest rates or interest rates paid by such instruments do not move as expected. Conversely, variable and floating rate instruments will not generally rise in value if market interest rates decline. Thus, investing in variable and floating rate

 

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instruments generally allows less opportunity for capital appreciation and depreciation than investing in instruments with a fixed interest rate. Certain types of floating rate instruments, such as interests in bank loans, may be subject to greater liquidity risk than other debt securities, may have restrictions on resale and may lack an active market.

 

Certain variable and floating rate instruments have an interest rate floor feature, which prevents the interest rate payable by the instrument from dropping below a specified level as compared to a reference interest rate, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate. Such a floor protects the Fund from losses resulting from a decrease in the reference rate below the specified level. However, if the reference rate is below the floor, there will be a lag between a rise in the reference rate and a rise in the interest rate payable by the instrument, and the Fund may not benefit from increasing interest rates for a significant period of time. Rates on certain variable rate instruments typically only reset periodically. As a result, changes in prevailing interest rates, particularly sudden and significant changes, can cause some fluctuations in the Fund’s value to the extent that it invests in variable rate instruments.

 

Covenant Lite Loan Risk. The Fund may invest in, or obtain exposure to, loans that are “covenant lite.” Covenants contained in loan documentation are intended to protect lenders by imposing certain restrictions and other limitations on a borrower’s operations or assets and by providing certain information and consent rights to lenders. Covenant lite loans may lack financial maintenance covenants that in certain situations can allow lenders to claim a default on the loan to seek to protect the interests of the lenders. The absence of financial maintenance covenants in a covenant lite loan might result in a lower recovery in the event of a default by the borrower. Covenant lite loans have become much more prevalent in recent years.

 

Highly Leveraged Transactions Risk. The loans or other debt instruments in which the Fund invests may include highly leveraged transactions where the borrower assumes large amounts of debt. Loans or other debt instruments that are part of highly leveraged transactions involve a greater risk (including default or bankruptcy) than other investments. Interests in loans made to finance highly leveraged companies or to finance corporate acquisitions or other transactions may be especially vulnerable to adverse changes in economic or market conditions.

 

Impairment of Collateral Risk. The value of collateral, if any, securing a loan can decline, and may be insufficient to meet the borrower’s obligations or may be difficult or costly to liquidate. In addition, the Fund’s access to collateral may be limited by bankruptcy or other insolvency laws. Second or lower lien secured loans, and unsecured loans, will generally be paid only if the value of the collateral exceeds the amount of the borrower’s obligations to senior secured lenders, and the remaining collateral may not be sufficient to cover the full amount owed on the loan. Furthermore, there is a risk that a court could take action with respect to a loan that is adverse to the holders of the loan. Certain floating rate and other loans may not be fully collateralized and may decline in value.

 

Distressed Securities Risk. Distressed securities are securities of companies that are in financial distress and that may be in or about to enter bankruptcy or some other legal proceeding. The Fund may not receive interest payments on the distressed securities, which would not generate income for shareholders, and may incur costs to protect its investment. These securities may present a substantial risk of default or may be in default. Distressed securities involve the substantial risk that principal will not be repaid. The Fund may lose a substantial portion or all of its investment in distressed securities or may be required to accept cash, securities or other property with a value less than its original investment. The Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal of or interest on its portfolio holdings. Distressed securities include loans, bonds and notes, many of which are not publicly traded, and may involve a substantial degree of risk. In certain periods, there may be little or no liquidity in the markets for distressed securities meaning that the Fund may be unable to exit its position. Distressed securities and any securities received in an exchange for such securities may be subject to restrictions on resale. In addition, the prices of such securities may be subject to periods of abrupt and erratic market movements and above-average price volatility. It may be difficult to obtain information regarding the financial condition of a borrower or issuer, and its financial condition may change rapidly. Also, it may be difficult to value such securities and the spread between the bid/ask prices of such securities may be greater than expected.

 

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Deferred Payment Securities Risk. Deferred payment securities are zero-coupon securities that convert on a specified date to interest bearing debt securities. On this date, the stated coupon rate becomes effective and interest is paid at regular intervals. During the time that interest payments are not being made on these securities, holders are deemed to receive income (phantom income) annually, even though cash is not received. The effect of owning instruments that do not make current interest payments is that a fixed yield is earned not only on the original investment but also, in effect, on all discount accretion during the life of the obligations. This implicit reinvestment of earnings at a fixed rate eliminates the risk of being unable to invest distributions at a rate as high as the implicit yield on the bond, but at the same time eliminates the holder’s ability to reinvest at higher rates in the future. In addition, these securities may be subject to greater price fluctuations when interest rates change than securities that currently pay interest. Longer term zero-coupon bonds are more exposed to this risk than those with shorter terms.

 

Payment-in-Kind Securities Risk. Payment-in-kind securities carry additional risks as holders of these types of securities realize no cash until the cash payment date unless a portion of such securities is sold and, if the issuer defaults, the Fund may obtain no return at all on its investment. The market price of payment-in-kind securities is affected by interest rate changes to a greater extent, and therefore tends to be more volatile, than that of securities which pay interest in cash. In addition, current federal tax law requires the holder of certain pay-in-kind bonds to accrue income with respect to these securities prior to the receipt of cash payments. To maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid liability for federal income and excise taxes, the fund may be required to distribute income accrued with respect to these securities and may have to dispose of portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances to generate cash to satisfy these distribution requirements.

 

Foreign Securities Risk. Investments in foreign securities involve risks relating to political, social, and economic developments abroad, as well as risks resulting from the differences between the regulations to which U.S and foreign issuers and markets are subject. These risks include expropriation, differing accounting and disclosure standards, currency exchange risks, settlement difficulties, market illiquidity, difficulties enforcing legal rights, and greater transaction costs. In general, less information is publicly available about non-U.S. companies than about U.S. companies. Non-U.S. companies are generally not subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards as U.S. companies. In addition, the Fund’s investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by countries outside of the U.S., which could reduce the return on an investment in the Fund. The Fund may have limited or no legal recourse in the event of default with respect to certain foreign securities.

 

Emerging Markets Risk. Securities of companies in emerging markets or companies with significant exposure to emerging markets may be more volatile than those of companies in more developed markets. Emerging markets may be more likely to experience economic, political or social instability than more developed markets. For example, the economies of such countries can be subject to rapid and unpredictable rates of inflation or deflation. Since these markets are often small, they may be more likely to suffer sharp and frequent price changes or long-term price depression because of adverse publicity, investor perceptions or the actions of a few large investors. They may also have policies that restrict investment by foreigners, or that prevent foreign investors from withdrawing their money at will. Certain emerging markets may also face other significant internal or external risks, including the imposition of sanctions and risk of war and civil unrest. In addition, in times of market stress, regulatory authorities of different emerging market countries may apply varying techniques and degrees of intervention, which can have an effect on prices. For these reasons, investments in emerging markets may be considered speculative.

 

Currency Risk. Currency risk is the risk that foreign currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar. To the extent that the Fund invests in securities or other instruments denominated in or indexed to foreign currencies, changes in currency rates could adversely impact investment gains or add to investment losses. Domestic issuers that hold substantial foreign assets may be similarly affected. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time and can be affected unpredictably by various factors, including investor perception and changes in interest rates; intervention, or failure to intervene, by U.S. or foreign governments, central banks, or supranational entities; or by currency controls or political developments in the U.S. or abroad. To the extent the Fund invests or hedges based on the perceived relationship between two currencies, there is a risk that the correlation between those currencies may not behave as anticipated.

 

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Changing Distribution Level Risk. The Fund normally expects to receive income which may include interest, dividends and/or capital gains, depending on its investments. The distribution amounts paid by the Fund will vary and generally depend on the amount of income the Fund earns (less expenses) on its portfolio holdings, and capital gains or losses it recognizes. A decline in the Fund’s income or net capital gains arising from its investments may reduce its distribution level. Income received from the Fund may vary widely over the short- and long-term and/or be less than anticipated if the proceeds from maturing securities in the Fund are reinvested in lower-yielding securities. The Fund may not be able to pay distributions, or may have to reduce distribution levels, if the cash distributions the Fund receives from its investments decline. In certain circumstances, the Fund may be treated as receiving income even though no cash is received.

 

Portfolio Turnover Risk. High portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater expenses to the Fund, including brokerage commissions, or dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities and reinvestments in other securities. Such sales may also result in adverse tax consequences to the Fund’s shareholders. The trading costs and tax effects associated with portfolio turnover may adversely affect the Fund’s performance.

 

Issuer Risk. An issuer in which the Fund invests or to which it has exposure may perform poorly or below expectations, and the value of its loans or securities may therefore decline, which may negatively affect the Fund’s performance. Underperformance of an issuer may be caused by poor management decisions, competitive pressures, breakthroughs in technology, reliance on suppliers, labor problems or shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, natural disasters, military confrontations and actions, war, other conflicts, terrorism, diseases/virus outbreaks, epidemics or other events, and various conditions and other factors, all of which may impair the value of your investment in the Fund.

 

Derivatives Risk. Derivatives and other similar instruments (collectively referred to as “derivatives”) may include, among other things, futures, options, forwards and swap agreements, including credit default swaps. The Fund may use derivatives for any purpose, including to attempt to enhance income, yield or return, as a substitute for investing directly in a security or asset, or as a hedging technique in an attempt to manage risk in the Fund’s portfolio. The Fund may choose not to make use of derivatives for a variety of reasons, and no assurance can be given that any derivatives strategy employed will be successful. Investments in derivatives may result in increased volatility and the Fund may incur a loss greater than its principal investment.

 

Derivatives may give rise to a form of leverage which magnifies the potential for gain and the risk of loss. It is generally more difficult to ascertain the risk of, and to properly value, derivatives. The prices of derivatives may move in unexpected ways, especially in abnormal market conditions. Derivatives are usually less liquid than traditional securities and are subject to counterparty risk (the risk that the other party to the contract will default or otherwise not be able to perform its contractual obligations). The use of derivatives is also subject to operational risk which refers to risk related to potential operational issues, including documentation issues, settlement issues, system failures, inadequate controls, and human error.

 

Additional risks associated with certain types of derivatives are discussed below:

 

Futures. A futures contract is an agreement that obligates a purchaser to take delivery and a seller to make delivery of a specified quantity of a security or commodity at a specified price at a future date. The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in tandem with the value of its underlying instrument. Therefore, purchasing futures contracts will tend to increase the Fund’s exposure to positive and negative market price fluctuations in the underlying instrument. Futures contracts are subject to the risk that an exchange may impose price fluctuation limits, which may make it more difficult or impossible for the Fund to close out a position when desired. In the absence of such limits, the liquidity of the futures market depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than taking or making delivery. To the extent the Fund enters into futures contracts requiring physical delivery (e.g., certain commodities contracts), the inability of the Fund to take or make physical delivery can negatively impact performance.

 

Forward Contracts. Forward commitment agreements (also referred to as forward contracts or forwards) are agreements for the purchase of securities at an agreed upon price on a specified future date. When the Fund sells a security on a forward commitment, the Fund does not participate in future gains or losses with respect to the security. If the other party to the transactions fails to pay for the security, the Fund could

 

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suffer a loss. In addition, when selling a security on a forward commitment basis without owning the security, the Fund will incur a loss if the security’s price appreciates in value above the agreed upon price on the settlement date. There are no limitations on daily price movements of forward contracts. Changes in foreign exchange regulations by governmental authorities might limit the trading of forward contracts on currencies.

 

Options. An option on a security is a contract that gives the holder of the option, in return for a premium, the right to buy from (in the case of a call option) or sell to (in the case of a put option) the writer of the option the security underlying the option at a specified exercise price at any time during the term of the option. The use of options involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. If a strategy is applied at an inappropriate time or market conditions or trends are judged incorrectly, the use of options may lower the Fund’s return. There can be no guarantee that the use of options will increase the Fund’s return or income. An abrupt change in the price of an underlying security could render an option worthless. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying instrument, or in interest or currency exchange rates, including the anticipated volatility of the underlying instrument (known as implied volatility), which in turn are affected by the performance of the issuer of the underlying instrument, by fiscal and monetary policies and by national and international political and economic events. As such, prior to the exercise or expiration of the option, the Fund is exposed to implied volatility risk, meaning the value, as based on implied volatility, of an option may increase due to market and economic conditions or views based on the sector or industry in which issuers of the underlying instrument participate, including company-specific factors.

 

Swaps. Over-the-counter swap agreements are privately negotiated derivative products in which two parties agree to exchange payment streams calculated in relation to a rate, index, instrument or certain securities (referred to as the “underlying”) and a predetermined amount (referred to as the “notional amount”). The risk of loss with respect to swaps generally is limited to the net amount of payments that the Fund is contractually obligated to make or, in the case of the other party to a swap defaulting, the net amount of payments that the Fund is contractually entitled to receive. If the Fund sells a credit default swap, however, the risk of loss may be the entire notional amount of the swap. Some swaps are now executed through an organized exchange or regulated facility and cleared through a regulated clearing organization. The absence of an organized exchange or market for swap transactions may result in difficulties in trading and valuation, especially in the event of market disruptions. The use of an organized exchange or market for swap transactions is expected to result in swaps being easier to trade or value, but this may not always be the case.

 

Short-Term Investments. Short-term investments include money market instruments, repurchase agreements, certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances and other short-term instruments that are not U.S. government securities. These securities generally present less risk than many other investments, but they are generally subject to credit risk and may be subject to other risks as well.

 

New Fund Risk. The Fund is a new fund with no operating history. There can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size. The Fund could cease operations, and investors may be required to liquidate or transfer its assets at a loss.

 

Market Risk. Global economies and financial markets are increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. For example, the U.S. and other countries are periodically involved in disputes over trade and other matters, which may result in tariffs, investment restrictions and adverse impacts on affected companies and securities. Trade disputes may adversely affect the economies of the U.S. and its trading partners, as well as companies directly or indirectly affected and financial markets generally. The current political climate, including political and diplomatic events within the U.S. and abroad, may adversely affect the U.S. regulatory landscape, the general market environment and/or investor sentiment, which could have an

 

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adverse impact on the Fund’s investments and operations. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. For example, the ongoing armed conflicts between Russia and Ukraine in Europe and among Israel, Hamas and other militant groups in the Middle East have caused and may continue to cause significant market disruptions. As a result, there is significant uncertainty around how these conflicts will evolve, which may result in market volatility and may have long-lasting impacts on both the U.S. and global financial markets.

 

Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of the Fund’s shares and distributions thereon can decline. Inflation risk is linked to increases in the prices of goods and services and a decrease in the purchasing power of money. Inflation is often accompanied or followed by a recession, or period of decline in economic activity, which may include job loss and other hardships and may cause the value of securities to go down generally. Inflation risk is greater for fixed-income instruments with longer maturities. In addition, this risk may be significantly elevated compared to normal conditions because of recent monetary policy measures and the current interest rate environment. Inflation has recently increased and it cannot be predicted whether and to what extent it may decline.

 

Management Risk. If the portfolio manager is incorrect in his assessment of the investment prospects of the securities the Fund holds, then the value of the Fund’s shares may decline. In addition, the portfolio manager’s strategy may produce returns that are different from other funds that invest in similar securities.

 

Geopolitical Risk. Occurrences of global events such as war, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, country instability, infectious disease epidemics, pandemics and other public health issues, market instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers and other governmental trade or market control programs, the potential exit of a country from its respective union and related geopolitical events, may result in market volatility and may have long-lasting impacts on both the U.S. and global financial markets. For example, the U.S. government has imposed, and may in the future further increase, tariffs on certain foreign goods, and some foreign governments have instituted retaliatory tariffs on certain U.S. goods. There is significant uncertainty as to further actions that may be taken by the U.S. and foreign governments with respect to trade policy. In addition, Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine and the conflict between Israel and Hamas, and the potential for wider conflict, have increased volatility and uncertainty in the financial markets, adversely affected regional and global economies, and could present material uncertainty and risk with respect to the Fund and the performance of the Fund’s investments or operations. These events, as well as other recent geopolitical events, such as rising tensions between the Chinese government and Taiwan and the United Kingdom’s departure from the European Union (commonly referred to as “Brexit”) and related changes in foreign and domestic political and economic conditions, could adversely affect individual issuers or related groups of issuers, securities markets, interest rates, secondary trading, credit ratings, inflation, investor sentiment and other factors affecting the value of the Fund’s investments.

 

U.S. Government Securities. Obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies, authorities and instrumentalities and backed by the full faith and credit of the United States only guarantee principal and interest will be timely paid to holders of the securities. The entities do not guarantee that the value of Fund shares will increase, and the market values of such obligations may fluctuate. In addition, not all U.S. government securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, and there is no guarantee that the U.S. government would provide financial support to its agencies and instrumentalities if not required to do so by law.

 

Other Investment Company Risk. To the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies, including money market funds and ETFs, its performance will be affected by the performance of those other investment companies and to the allocation of its assets among those other investment companies. Investments in other investment companies are subject to the risks of the other investment companies’ investments, as well as to the other investment companies’ expenses. If the Fund invests in other investment companies, the Fund may receive distributions of taxable gains from portfolio transactions by that investment company and may recognize taxable gains from transactions in shares of that investment company, which could be taxable to the Fund’s shareholders when distributed to them.

 

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Absence of an Active Market. Although shares of the Fund are listed for trading on one or more stock exchanges, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will develop or be maintained by market makers or Authorized Participants. Authorized Participants are not obligated to execute purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units. Because this is a novel and unique structure, this could influence the number of entities willing to act as Authorized Participants. In periods of market volatility, market makers and/or Authorized Participants may be less willing to transact in Fund shares. The absence of an active market for the Fund’s shares may contribute to the Fund’s shares trading at a premium or discount to NAV. If a shareholder purchases Fund shares at a time when the market price is at a premium to the NAV or sells Fund shares at a time when the market price is at a discount to the NAV, the shareholder may sustain losses.

 

Trading Issues Risk. Trading in Fund shares on NYSE Arca, Inc. (“NYSE Arca”) may be halted in certain circumstances. There can be no assurance that the requirements of NYSE Arca necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met.

 

Portfolio Holdings. On each business day, before the opening of regular trading on the Listing Exchange, the Fund will disclose on www.gabelli.com/funds/etfs (click on the name of the Fund) information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings, including the identities and quantities of such portfolio holdings, that will form the basis for the Fund’s calculation of its NAV per share at the end of the business day. A description of the Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of its portfolio securities is available in the SAI, which may be obtained by calling 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554), your financial intermediary, or free of charge through the Fund’s website at www.gabelli.com.

 

MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND

 

The Adviser. Gabelli Funds, LLC, with its principal offices located at One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580-1422, serves as investment adviser to the Fund. The Adviser makes investment decisions for the Fund and continuously reviews and administers the Fund’s investment program and manages the operations of the Fund under the general supervision of the Board. The Adviser also manages several other open-end and closed-end investment companies in the Gabelli family of funds (“Gabelli Fund Complex” or “Fund Complex”). The Adviser is a New York limited liability company organized in 1999 and a wholly owned subsidiary of GAMCO Investors, Inc. (“GAMI”), a publicly held company listed on the OTCQX.

 

As compensation for its services and the related expenses borne by the Adviser, the Fund is contractually obligated to pay the Adviser an advisory fee computed daily and payable monthly equal to 0.55% of the value of the Fund’s average daily net assets, except as provided in the fee waiver arrangements described below. The investment advisory agreement between Gabelli ETFs Trust (the “Trust”) and Gabelli Funds, LLC (the “Adviser”) provides that the Adviser will pay all operating expenses of the Fund, except the management fees, interest expenses, taxes, expenses incurred with respect to the acquisition and disposition of portfolio securities and the execution of portfolio transactions, including brokerage commissions, distribution fees or expenses, litigation expenses, and any extraordinary expenses. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the investment advisory agreement for the Fund will be provided in the Fund’s next report on Form N-CSR.

 

Fee Waiver. The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive the management fee of 0.55% on the Fund’s first $25 million in net assets. The fee waiver agreement will continue for a period of no less than one year from the commencement of investment operations. The fee waiver agreement may be terminated only by, or with the consent of, the Board.

 

The Portfolio Manager.

 

The portfolio manager of the Fund is Mr. Wayne C. Plewniak, who is responsible for the day to day management of the Fund.

 

Mr. Wayne C. Plewniak has been a Managing Director and Head of Gabelli Fixed Income since 2006, serving as portfolio manager of the firm’s high yield products and participating on a number of other investment teams. He joined Teton Advisors, Inc. in 2017 as a portfolio manager. Mr. Plewniak was formerly with Lehman Brothers/Neuberger Berman where he served as Managing Director and Senior Portfolio Manager of that firm’s High Yield business following its acquisition by Lipper & Company in 2002. Mr. Plewniak had run the business at Lipper & Company since its inception in 1991. Mr. Plewniak has a B.S. in Industrial Engineering from the Rochester Institute of Technology and an M.B.A. in Finance and International Business from Georgetown University.

 

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The SAI provides additional information about the portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts managed by him, and his ownership of securities in the Fund.

 

INDEX DESCRIPTION

 

The S&P 500 Index is a widely recognized, unmanaged index of common stock prices. The index figures do not reflect any deductions for fees, expenses, or taxes. You cannot invest directly in the S&P 500 Index.

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF SHARES

 

Trading in the Secondary Market. Shares of the Fund are listed and available for trading on the Listing Exchange during its core trading session (generally 9:30 am until 4:00 pm Eastern time). Shares may also be bought and sold on other national securities exchanges and alternative trading systems that have obtained appropriate licenses, adopted applicable rules, and developed systems to support trading in the Fund’s shares. There can be no guarantee that an active trading market will develop or be maintained, or that the Fund’s listings will continue or remain unchanged. The Fund does not impose any minimum investment for shares of the Fund purchased in the secondary market.

 

The Fund’s shares may be purchased and sold in the secondary market only through a broker-dealer. When buying or selling shares, you may incur trading commissions or other charges determined by your broker-dealer. Due to applicable brokerage charges and other trading costs, frequent trading may detract from realized investment returns. Frequent trading may also result in adverse tax consequences. Trading commissions are frequently a fixed dollar amount, and therefore may be proportionately more costly when buying or selling small amounts of shares.

 

The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (commonly referred to as an “ETF”). Individual shares of the Fund are listed on the Listing Exchange, which is a national securities exchange. Most investors will buy and sell shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer. The price of Fund shares is based on market price, and because ETF shares trade at market prices rather than at NAV, shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (a premium) or less than NAV (a discount). The Fund will only issue or redeem shares that have been aggregated into blocks or multiples thereof to Authorized Participants who have entered into agreements with the Fund’s distributor. The Fund generally will issue or redeem Creation Units in return for a designated portfolio of securities (and an amount of cash) that the Fund specifies each day.

 

Shares of the Fund are not sponsored, endorsed, or promoted by any Listing Exchange. The Listing Exchange makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of the shares of the Fund.

 

The Listing Exchange is not responsible for, nor has it participated in, the determination of the timing of, prices of, or quantities of the shares of the Fund to be issued, nor in the determination or calculation of the equation by which the shares are redeemable. The Listing Exchange has no obligation or liability to owners of the shares of the Fund in connection with the administration, marketing, or trading of the shares of the Fund. Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall the Listing Exchange have any liability for any lost profits or indirect, punitive, special, or consequential damages even if notified of the possibility thereof.

 

The Adviser, the distributor and the Fund make no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of shares of the Fund or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the Fund particularly.

 

PAYMENTS TO BROKER/DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

 

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay the intermediary for marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, conferences, the development of technology platforms and reporting systems or other services related to the sale or promotion of the Fund. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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PRICING OF FUND SHARES

 

The NAV is calculated on each business day that the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) is open. The NYSE is open Monday through Friday, but currently is scheduled to be closed on New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day and on the preceding Friday or subsequent Monday when a holiday falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively.

 

The Fund’s NAV is determined as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE, normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time. The NAV of the Fund is computed by dividing the value of the Fund’s net assets, i.e., the value of its securities and other assets less its liabilities, including expenses payable or accrued by the total number of shares outstanding at the time the determination is made.

 

Equity securities listed or traded on a national securities exchange or traded in the U.S. over-the-counter market where trades are reported contemporaneously and for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the last quoted sale or a market’s official closing price at the close of the exchange’s or other market’s regular trading hours, as of or prior to the time and day as of which such value is being determined. Portfolio securities traded on more than one national securities exchange or market are valued according to the broadest and most representative market as determined by the Adviser. If there has been no sale on the day the valuation is made, the securities are valued at the mean of the closing bid and ask prices on the principal market for such security on such day. If no ask prices are quoted on such day, then the security is valued at the closing bid price on the principal market for such security on such day. If no bid or ask prices are quoted on such day, the Fund’s accounting agent will notify the Adviser and the security will be valued based on written or standing instructions from the Adviser.

 

Initial public offering securities are initially valued at cost. Upon commencement of trading, these securities are valued like any other equity security.

 

Occasionally, reliable market quotations are not readily available (such as for certain restricted or unlisted securities and private placements) or securities and other assets may not be reliably priced (such as in the case of trade suspensions or halts, price movement limits set by certain foreign markets, and thinly traded or illiquid securities), or there may be events affecting the value of foreign securities or other securities held by the Fund that occur when regular trading or foreign or other exchanges are closed, but before trading on the NYSE is closed. Securities and other assets for which market quotations are not readily available are fair valued as determined by the Adviser, as the “valuation designee,” as such term is defined in Rule 2a-5(e)(4) under the 1940 Act, pursuant to Fair Value Procedures adopted pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act. The Board oversees the Adviser in its role as the Valuation Designee in accordance with the requirements of Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act. Fair valuation methodologies and procedures may include, but are not limited to: analysis and review of available financial and non-financial information about the company; comparisons with the valuation and changes in valuation of similar securities, including a comparison of foreign securities to the equivalent U.S. dollar value American Depositary Receipt securities at the close of the relevant U.S. exchange; and evaluation of any other information that could be indicative of the value of the security.

 

Attempts to determine the fair value of securities introduce an element of subjectivity to the pricing of securities. As a result, the price of a security determined through fair valuation techniques may differ from the price quoted or published by other sources and may not accurately reflect the market value of the security when trading resumes.

 

NAV is the price at which the Fund issues and redeems shares. It is calculated in accordance with the standard formula for valuing mutual fund shares. The market price of the Fund generally is determined using the midpoint between the highest bid and the lowest ask on the primary securities exchange on which shares of the Fund are listed for trading, as of the time that the Fund’s NAV is calculated. The Fund’s market price may be at, above or below its NAV. The NAV of the Fund will fluctuate with changes in the value of its portfolio holdings. The market price of the Fund will fluctuate in accordance with changes in its NAV, as well as market supply and demand.

 

Premiums or discounts are the differences (expressed as a percentage) between the NAV and market price of the Fund on a given day, generally at the time the NAV is calculated. A premium is the amount that the Fund is trading above the reported NAV, expressed as a percentage of the NAV. A discount is the amount that the Fund is trading below the reported NAV, expressed as a percentage of the NAV.

 

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Because shares of the Fund may trade at a premium or discount, shareholders may pay more than NAV when they buy shares of the Fund and receive less than NAV when they sell those shares, because the shares are bought and sold at current market prices.

 

Information regarding how often the shares of the Fund traded on the applicable exchange at a price above (at a premium) or below (at a discount) the NAV of the Fund for the most recently completed calendar year, and the most recently completed calendar quarters since that year, can be found at www.gabelli.com/funds/etfs.

 

DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

 

Brokers may make available the Depository Trust Company book-entry dividend reinvestment service to their customers who own the Fund’s shares. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and capital gains will automatically be reinvested in additional whole shares of the Fund purchased on the secondary market, at the then current market price. Without this service, investors would receive their distributions in cash. To determine whether the dividend reinvestment service is available and whether there is a commission or other charge for using this service, consult your broker. Brokers may require the Fund’s shareholders to adhere to specific procedures and timetables. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional whole shares of the Fund purchased in the secondary market.

 

TAX INFORMATION

 

The Fund expects that distributions will consist primarily of investment company taxable income and net capital gains. Capital gains may be taxed at different rates for individuals depending on the length of time the Fund holds the securities giving rise to such capital gains. Dividends from investment company taxable income (including distributions of net short-term capital gains, i.e., gains from securities held by the Fund for one year or less) are generally taxable to you as ordinary income if you are a U.S. shareholder, except certain qualified dividends that are discussed below. Properly designated distributions of net capital gain, i.e., net long-term capital gains minus net short-term capital loss (“Capital Gain Dividends”), are taxable to you at long-term capital gain rates no matter how long you have owned your shares. The Fund’s distributions, whether you receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares of the Fund, generally will be subject to federal and, if applicable, state and local taxes. Although dividends (including dividends from short-term capital gains) are generally taxable as ordinary income, individual shareholders who satisfy certain holding periods and other requirements are taxed on such dividends at long-term capital gain rates to the extent the dividends are attributable to “qualified dividend income” received by the Fund. Qualified dividend income generally consists of dividends received from U.S. corporations (other than certain dividends from real estate investment trusts and regulated investment companies) and certain foreign corporations. The amount of qualified dividend income distributed by the Fund in any year depends on its investments and cannot be predicted. Corporations may be able to take a dividends-received deduction for a portion of the income dividends they receive. A redemption of Fund shares or an exchange of Fund shares for shares of another fund will be treated for tax purposes as a sale of Fund shares, and any gain you realize on such a transaction generally will be taxable. The Fund may be required to withhold, as federal backup withholding, a percentage (currently 24%) of the dividends, distributions, and redemption proceeds payable to shareholders who fail to provide the Fund they have invested in with their correct taxpayer identification number or to make required certifications, or who have been notified by the Internal Revenue Service that they are subject to backup withholding. Also, dividends, distributions, and redemption proceeds payable to foreign shareholders may be subject to a federal withholding tax.

 

A dividend declared by the Fund in October, November, or December to shareholders of record on a specific date in such a month and paid during January of the following year will be treated as paid in December for tax purposes.

 

Under current law, interest, dividends and capital gains from the Fund generally will be subject to the 3.8 percent federal tax that is imposed on net investment income of U.S. individuals with modified adjusted gross income exceeding $200,000 (or $250,000 if married filing jointly), and of estates and trusts.

 

If you sell your Fund shares, it is considered a taxable event for you. Depending on the purchase price and the sale price of the shares you sell, you may have a gain or a loss on the transaction. You are responsible for any tax liabilities generated by your transaction.

 

This summary of tax consequences is intended for general information only and is subject to change by legislative, judicial, or administrative action, and any such change may be retroactive. It is applicable only to shareholders who are U.S. persons.

 

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The Fund may make taxable distributions during periods in which the share price has declined. A more complete discussion of the tax rules applicable to you and the Fund can be found in the SAI that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You should consult a tax adviser concerning the federal, state, and local tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

 

CREATIONS AND REDEMPTIONS

 

Prior to trading in the secondary market, shares of the Fund are “created” at NAV by market makers, large investors and institutions only in block-size Creation Units or multiples thereof. The following table sets forth the number of shares of the Fund that constitute a Creation Unit:

 

Name of the Fund   Creation
Unit Size
 
Gabelli High Income ETF       5,000    

 

Each “creator” or “Authorized Participant” enters into an authorized participant agreement with G.distributors, LLC, the Fund’s distributor (the “Distributor”). Only an Authorized Participant may create or redeem Creation Units directly with the Fund.

 

The Fund may issue or redeem Creation Units in return for a specified amount of cash or a designated portfolio of securities and/or cash that the Fund specifies each day. To the extent cash is used, an Authorized Participant must transfer cash in an amount equal to the value of the Creation Unit(s) purchased and the applicable transaction fee. An Authorized Participant also may effect a creation transaction by depositing into the Fund a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) and a specified amount of cash approximating the holdings of the Fund in exchange for a specified number of Creation Units (a “Creation Basket”). The composition of each Creation Basket will be determined in accordance with Board-approved policies and procedures applicable to the construction of creation and redemption baskets, and subject to acceptance by the Distributor. Creation and redemption baskets may differ and the Fund will accept “custom baskets.” More information regarding custom baskets is contained in the SAI.

 

Redemption proceeds will be paid in cash or in kind. If redemption proceeds are paid in kind, shares will be redeemed in Creation Units for a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) held by the Fund and a specified amount of cash. The composition of redemption proceeds will be determined in accordance with Board-approved policies and procedures applicable to the construction of creation and redemption baskets. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, shares are not redeemable by the Fund.

 

The prices at which creations and redemptions occur are based on the next calculation of NAV after a creation or redemption order is received in an acceptable form under the authorized participant agreement.

 

In the event of a system failure or other interruption, including disruptions at market makers or Authorized Participants, orders to purchase or redeem Creation Units either may not be executed according to the Fund’s instructions or may not be executed at all, or the Fund may not be able to place or change orders.

 

To the extent the Fund engages in in-kind transactions, the Fund intends to comply with the U.S. federal securities laws in accepting securities for deposit and satisfying redemptions with redemption securities by, among other means, assuring that any securities accepted for deposit and any securities used to satisfy redemption requests will be sold in transactions that would be exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). Further, an Authorized Participant that is not a “qualified institutional buyer” as such term is defined in Rule 144A under the 1933 Act, will not be able to receive restricted securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A.

 

Information about the procedures regarding creation and redemption of Creation Units (including the cutoff times for receipt of creation and redemption orders) is included in the Fund’s SAI.

 

Because new shares may be created and issued on an ongoing basis, at any point during the life of the Fund a “distribution,” as such term is used in the 1933 Act, may be occurring. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner that could render them statutory underwriters subject to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the 1933 Act. Any determination of whether one is an underwriter must take into account all the relevant facts and circumstances of each particular case.

 

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Broker-dealers should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters,” but are participating in a distribution (as contrasted to ordinary secondary transactions), and thus dealing with shares that are part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of Section 4(a)(3)(C) of the 1933 Act, would be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(a)(3) of the 1933 Act. For delivery of prospectuses to exchange members, the prospectus delivery mechanism of Rule 153 under the 1933 Act is available only with respect to transactions on a national securities exchange.

 

Costs Associated with Creations and Redemptions. Authorized Participants are charged standard creation and redemption transaction fees to offset transfer and other transaction costs associated with the issuance and redemption of Creation Units. The standard creation transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant creates a Creation Unit, and is the same regardless of the number of Creation Units purchased by the Authorized Participant on the applicable business day.

 

Similarly, the standard redemption transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant redeems a Creation Unit, and is the same regardless of the number of Creation Units redeemed by the Authorized Participant on the applicable business day. Creations and redemptions for cash (when cash creations and redemptions (in whole or in part) are available or specified) are also subject to an additional charge (up to the maximum amounts shown in the table below). This charge is intended to compensate for brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, market impact and other costs and expenses related to cash transactions. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to acquire or dispose of Fund shares may pay fees for such services.

 

The following table sets forth the Fund’s standard creation transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above). Transaction fees may be waived in certain circumstances deemed appropriate by the Trust.

 

Fund   Standard Creation
Transaction Fee
   

Maximum
Additional

Charge for

Creations1

 
Gabelli High Income ETF   $ 250       3 %

 

 
1 As a percentage of the NAV per Creation Unit.

 

DELIVERY OF SHAREHOLDER DOCUMENTS – HOUSEHOLDING

 

Householding is an option available to certain investors. Householding is a method of delivery, based on the preference of the individual investor, in which a single copy of certain shareholder documents can be delivered to investors who share the same address, even if their accounts are registered under different names. Householding for the Fund is available through certain broker-dealers. Please contact your broker-dealer if you are interested in enrolling in householding and receiving a single copy of prospectuses and other shareholder document, or if you are currently enrolled in householding and wish to change your householding status.

 

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

The Fund has not commenced operations as of the date of this prospectus. As a result, no financial highlights are available.

 

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Gabelli ETFs Trust

Gabelli High Income ETF

 

 

 

For More Information:

 

For more information about the Fund, the following documents will be available free upon request:

 

Annual/Semiannual Reports and Form N-CSR:

 

The Fund’s semiannual and audited annual reports to shareholders and Form N-CSR will contain additional information on the Fund’s investments. In the Fund’s annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Fund’s annual and semi-annual financial statements.

 

Statement of Additional Information (SAI):

 

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund, including its operations and investment policies. It is incorporated by reference into, and is legally considered a part of, this prospectus.

 

 

You can obtain free copies of these documents and prospectuses of other funds in the
Gabelli Fund Complex, or request other information and discuss your questions about the Fund by mail,
toll free telephone, or the Internet as follows:

Gabelli ETFs Trust
One Corporate Center
Rye, NY 10580-1422
Telephone: 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554)
www.gabelli.com

 

 

You can also view reports and other information about the Fund on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of this information can be obtained, for a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

 

 

 

(Investment Company Act File No. 811-23568)

 

 

 

 

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JULY 8, 2025

 

The information in this Statement of Additional Information is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This Statement of Additional Information is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

Gabelli ETFs Trust
Gabelli High Income ETF

 

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

[●], 2025

 

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”), which is not a prospectus, describes Gabelli High Income ETF (the “Fund”), which is a series of the Gabelli ETFs Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”). This SAI should be read in conjunction with the prospectus for shares of the Fund dated [●], 2025. This SAI is incorporated by reference in its entirety into the Fund’s prospectus. For a free copy of the prospectus, please contact the Trust at the address, telephone number, or Internet website printed below.

 

FUND TICKER SYMBOL
Gabelli High Income ETF [●]

 

Listing Exchange: NYSE Arca

 

Creation Unit Size

5,000

 

Gabelli ETFs Trust

One Corporate Center
Rye, New York 10580-1422
Telephone: 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554)
www.gabelli.com

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

    Page
GENERAL INFORMATION   1
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS   1
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS   26
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION   27
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS   27
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS   34
CREATION AND REDEMPTION OF CREATION UNITS   34
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES   40
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE   45
BUYING AND SELLING OF SHARES   46
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE   46
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING TAXES   47
INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE INFORMATION   51
DESCRIPTION OF THE FUND’S SHARES   51
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS   52
APPENDIX A   A-1

 

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GENERAL INFORMATION

 

The Trust is a registered investment company organized under the laws of the State of Delaware on July 26, 2018. The Trust currently consists of 12 separate series referred to as the Gabelli High Income ETF (the “High Income Fund” or the “Fund”), the Gabelli Global Technology Leaders ETF (the “Global Technology Leaders Fund”), the Gabelli Asset Fund (the “Asset Fund”), the Gabelli Financial Services Opportunities ETF (the “Financial Services Opportunities Fund”), the Gabelli Growth Innovators ETF (the “Growth Innovators Fund”), the Gabelli Equity Income ETF (the “Equity Income Fund”) (f/k/a Gabelli Global Small Cap ETF), the Gabelli Small & Mid Cap ETF (the “Small & Mid Cap Fund”), the Gabelli Micro Cap ETF (the “Micro Cap Fund”), the Gabelli Love Our Planet & People ETF (the “Love Our Planet Fund”), the Gabelli Automation ETF (the “Automation Fund”) (f/k/a Gabelli Asset ETF), the Gabelli Commercial Aerospace and Defense ETF (the “Aerospace and Defense Fund”) (f/k/a Gabelli Equity Income ETF), and the Gabelli Green Energy ETF (the “Green Energy Fund”). This SAI relates only to the High Income Fund. The High Income Fund is a diversified exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The Trust’s principal office is located at One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580-1422. Each series of the Trust is advised by Gabelli Funds, LLC (the “Adviser”).

 

INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS

 

The Fund’s prospectus discusses the investment objective of the Fund and the principal strategies to be employed to achieve this objective. This SAI contains supplemental information concerning certain types of securities and other instruments in which the Fund may invest, additional strategies that the Fund may utilize in seeking to achieve its investment objective, and certain risks associated with such investments and strategies. Subject to the investment policies and restrictions contained in the prospectus and this SAI, the Fund may invest in any of the securities described herein, unless stated otherwise.

 

Debt Investing

 

The Fund will invest in debt, or fixed income, instruments. Debt, or fixed income instruments, are used by issuers to borrow money and thus are debt obligations of the issuer. Holders of debt instruments are creditors of the issuer, normally ranking ahead of holders of both common and preferred stock as to dividends or upon liquidation. The issuer usually pays a fixed, variable, or floating rate of interest and must repay the amount borrowed at the instrument’s maturity. Yields on debt instruments depend on a variety of factors, including the general conditions of the money, bond, and note markets, the size of a particular offering, the maturity date of the obligation, and the rating of the issue. Debt instruments with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields and are generally subject to greater price fluctuations in response to changes in market conditions than obligations with shorter maturities. An increase in interest rates generally will reduce the market value of portfolio debt instruments. It is difficult to predict the pace at which central banks or monetary authorities may increase interest rates or the timing, frequency, or magnitude of such increases. Any such changes could be sudden and could expose debt markets to significant volatility and reduced liquidity for investments. The achievement of the Fund’s investment objective depends in part on the continuing ability of the issuers of the debt instruments in which the Fund invests to meet their obligations for the payment of principal and interest when due. There is also the possibility that, as a result of litigation or other conditions, the ability of an issuer to pay, when due, the principal of and interest on its debt instruments may be materially affected.

 

Changing Interest Rates. In a low or negative interest rate environment, debt securities may trade at, or be issued with, negative yields, which means the purchaser of the security may receive at maturity less than the total amount invested. To the extent the Fund holds a negatively yielding debt security or has a bank deposit with a negative interest rate, the Fund would generate a negative return on that investment. Cash positions may also subject the Fund to increased counterparty risk to the Fund’s bank. Debt market conditions are highly unpredictable and some parts of the market are subject to dislocations. In a low or negative interest rate environment, some investors may seek to reallocate assets to other income-producing assets. This may cause the price of such higher yielding instruments to rise, could further reduce the value of instruments with a negative yield, and may limit the Fund’s ability to locate fixed income instruments containing the desired risk/return profile. Changes in monetary policy may exacerbate the risks associated with changing interest rates. In the past, the U.S. government and certain foreign central banks have taken steps to stabilize markets by, among other things, adjusting interest rates. To the extent rates increase or decrease substantially and/or rapidly, the Fund may be subject to significant losses. Changing interest rates could have unpredictable effects on the markets and may expose fixed income markets to heightened volatility, increased redemptions, and potential illiquidity.

 

Fixed Income Securities

 

Fixed income securities are subject to the risk of an issuer’s inability to meet principal and interest payments on its obligations and are subject to price volatility due to such factors as interest rate sensitivity, market perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer, and market liquidity. The value of the Fund’s fixed income investments is likely to decline in times of rising market interest rates. Conversely, the value of the Fund’s fixed income investments is likely to rise in times of declining market interest rates. Typically, the

 

1

 

 

longer the time to maturity of a given security, the greater is the change in its value in response to a change in interest rates. Foreign debt securities are subject to risks similar to those of other foreign securities.

 

Lower-rated securities are more likely to react to developments affecting market and credit risk than are more highly rated securities, which react primarily to movements in the general level of interest rates. Debt securities in the lowest rating categories may involve a substantial risk of default or may be in default. Changes in economic conditions or developments regarding the individual issuer are more likely to cause price volatility and weaken the capacity of the issuer of such securities to make principal and interest payments than is the case for higher-grade debt securities. An economic downturn affecting the issuer may result in an increased incidence of default. The market for lower-rated securities may be thinner and less active than for higher-rated securities. Pricing of thinly traded securities requires greater judgment than pricing of securities for which market transactions are regularly reported. Odd lots may trade at lower prices than institutional round lots.

 

Lower-Rated Debt Securities

 

Lower-rated debt securities or “junk” or “junk bonds” are those rated below the fourth highest category (including those securities rated as low as D by S&P) or unrated securities of comparable quality. Securities rated below investment grade are often considered to be speculative. These securities have poor protection with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Lower-rated debt securities generally offer a higher current yield than that available for investment grade issues with similar maturities, but they may involve significant risk under adverse conditions. In particular, adverse changes in general economic conditions and in the industries in which the issuers are engaged and changes in the financial condition of the issuers are more likely to cause price volatility and weaken the capacity of the issuer to make principal and interest payments than is the case for higher-grade debt securities. These securities are susceptible to default or decline in market value due to real or perceived adverse economic and business developments relating to the issuer, market interest rates and market liquidity. In addition, investing in lower-quality securities may incur additional expenses to the extent recovery is sought on defaulted securities. Because of the many risks involved in investing in lower-rated debt securities, the success of such investments is dependent on the credit analysis of the Adviser.

 

During periods of economic downturn or rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers may experience financial stress, which could adversely affect their ability to make payments of interest and principal and increase the possibility of default. In addition, such issuers may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them and may be unable to repay debt at maturity by refinancing. The risk of loss due to default by such issuers is significantly greater because such securities frequently are unsecured and subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness.

 

At certain times in the past, the market for lower-rated debt securities has expanded rapidly, and its growth generally paralleled a long economic expansion. In the past, the prices of many lower-rated debt securities declined substantially, reflecting an expectation that many issuers of such securities might experience financial difficulties. As a result, the yields on lower-rated debt securities rose dramatically. However, such higher yields did not reflect the value of the income stream that holders of such securities expected, but rather the risk that holders of such securities could lose a substantial portion of their value as a result of the issuers’ financial restructuring or defaults. There can be no assurance that such declines will not recur.

 

The market for lower-rated debt issues generally is thinner or less active than that for higher quality securities, which may limit the Fund’s ability to sell such securities at fair value in response to changes in the economy or financial markets. Judgment may play a greater role in pricing such securities than it does for more liquid securities. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may also decrease the values and liquidity of lower rated debt securities, especially in a thinly traded market.

 

Corporate Debt Obligations

 

The Fund will invest its assets in corporate debt obligations rated below investment grade by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”), or that are unrated but determined to be of comparable quality by the Adviser. Corporate debt obligations include securities such as bonds, debentures, notes, or other similar securities issued by corporations.

 

The Fund believes that investing in corporate debt obligations is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. For example, an issuer’s ability to repay principal and interest when due may be underestimated by the market; as a result, that issuer may be required to pay a higher interest rate, or its debt securities may be selling at a lower market price than issuers of similar strength. When the market recognizes their inherent value, the Fund anticipates that the price of such securities will appreciate. In the case of convertible debt securities, the market’s recognition of a company’s real value and, in turn, the market value of its convertible securities, may not occur until some anticipated development or other catalyst emerges to cause an increase in the market value of the company’s common stock.

 

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The ratings of NRSROs generally represent the opinions of those organizations as to the quality of the securities that they rate. Such ratings, however, are relative and subjective, are not absolute standards of quality, and do not evaluate the market risk of the securities. Although the Adviser uses these ratings as a criterion for the selection of securities for the Fund, the Adviser also relies on its independent analysis to evaluate potential investments for the Fund. See Appendix A - “Description of Corporate Debt Ratings.”

 

Subsequent to its purchase by the Fund, an issue of securities may cease to be rated or its ratings may be reduced. In addition, it is possible that the NRSROs might not timely change their ratings of a particular issue to reflect subsequent events. None of these events will require the sale of the securities by the Fund, although the Adviser will consider these events in determining whether the Fund should continue to hold the securities. To the extent that the ratings given by an NRSRO for securities may change as a result of changes in the ratings systems or due to a corporate reorganization of such NRSRO, the Fund will attempt to use comparable ratings as standards for its investments in accordance with the investment objective and policies of the Fund.

 

Low-rated and comparable unrated securities (a) will likely have some quality and protective characteristics that, in the judgment of the rating organization, are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions and (b) are predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation.

 

While the market values of low-rated and comparable unrated securities tend to react less to fluctuations in interest rate levels than the market values of higher-rated securities, the market values of certain low-rated and comparable unrated securities also tend to be more volatile and sensitive to individual corporate developments and changes in economic conditions than higher rated securities. In addition, low-rated securities and comparable unrated securities generally present a higher degree of credit risk. Issuers of low-rated and comparable unrated securities are often highly leveraged and may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them so that their ability to service their debt obligations during an economic downturn or during sustained periods of rising interest rates may be impaired. The risk of loss due to default by such issuers is significantly greater because low-rated and comparable unrated securities generally are unsecured and frequently are subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness. The Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent that it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings. The existence of limited markets for low-rated and comparable unrated securities may diminish the Fund’s ability to obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing such securities and calculating its NAV. Moreover, because not all dealers maintain markets in all low-rated and comparable unrated securities, there is no established retail secondary market for many of these securities and the Fund does not anticipate that those securities could be sold other than to institutional investors.

 

Fixed income securities, including low-rated securities and comparable unrated securities, frequently have call or buy-back features that permit their issuers to call or repurchase the securities from their holders, such as the Fund. If an issuer exercises these rights during periods of declining interest rates, the Fund may have to replace the security with a lower-yielding security, thus resulting in a decreased return to the Fund.

 

Nonconvertible Fixed Income Securities

 

The Fund may invest in lower-quality nonconvertible fixed income securities. The category of fixed income securities which are not convertible or exchangeable for common stock includes preferred stocks, bonds, corporate notes, debentures, asset and mortgage-backed securities, and money market instruments such as commercial paper and bankers acceptances. These investments involve interest rate risk and credit risk. When interest rates decline, the value of such securities generally rises. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of such securities generally declines. It is also possible that the issuer of a security will not be able to make interest and principal payments when due. There is also no minimum credit rating for these securities in which the Fund may invest. Accordingly, the Fund could invest in securities in default. The market values of lower-quality fixed income securities tend to be less sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates than higher-quality securities but more sensitive to individual corporate developments than higher-quality securities. Such lower-quality securities also tend to be more sensitive to economic conditions than higher-quality securities. Accordingly, these lower-quality securities are considered predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation and will generally involve more credit risk than securities in the higher-quality categories. Even securities rated Baa or BBB by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) and S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”), respectively, which are considered investment grade, possess some speculative characteristics. There are risks involved in applying credit ratings as a method for evaluating high yield obligations in that credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments, not market value risk. In addition, credit rating agencies may not change credit ratings on a timely basis to reflect changes in economic or company conditions that affect a security’s market value. The Fund will rely on the Adviser’s judgment, analysis, and experience in evaluating the creditworthiness of an issuer. In this evaluation, the Adviser will take into consideration, among other things, the issuer’s financial resources and ability to cover its interest and fixed charges, factors relating to the issuer’s industry and its sensitivity to economic conditions and trends, its operating history, the quality of the issuer’s management, and regulatory matters.

 

The risk of loss due to default by the issuer is significantly greater for the holders of lower-quality securities because such securities are generally unsecured and are often subordinated to other obligations of the issuer. During an economic downturn or a sustained period of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers of lower-quality securities may experience financial stress and may not have sufficient

 

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revenues to meet their interest payment obligations. An issuer’s ability to service its debt obligations may also be adversely affected by specific corporate developments, its inability to meet specific projected business forecasts, or the unavailability of additional financing.

 

Factors adversely affecting the market value of high yield and other securities will adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value per share (“NAV”). In addition, the Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings.

 

From time to time, proposals have been discussed regarding new legislation designed to limit the use of certain high yield debt securities by issuers in connection with leveraged buy-outs, mergers, and acquisitions, or to limit the deductibility of interest payments on such securities. Such proposals, if enacted into law, could reduce the market for such debt securities generally, negatively affect the financial condition of issuers of high yield securities by removing or reducing a source of future financing, and negatively affect the value of specific high yield issues and the high yield market in general. For example, under a provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), a corporate issuer may be limited from deducting all of the original issue discount on high yield discount obligations (i.e., certain types of debt securities issued at a significant discount to their face amount). The likelihood of passage of any additional legislation or the effect thereof is uncertain.

 

The secondary trading market for lower-quality fixed income securities is generally not as liquid as the secondary market for higher-quality securities and is very thin for some securities. The relative lack of an active secondary market may have an adverse impact on market price and the Fund’s ability to dispose of particular issues when necessary to meet its liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event such as the deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuer. The relative lack of an active secondary market for certain securities may also make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing its portfolio. Market quotations are generally available on many high yield issues only from a limited number of dealers and may not necessarily represent firm bids of such dealers or prices for actual sales. During such times, the responsibility of the Company’s Board of Trustees (the “Board” and each member of the Board, a “Trustee”) to value the securities becomes more difficult and judgment plays a greater role in valuation because there is less reliable, objective data available.

 

Interest Rate Environment Risk

 

Changing interest rates may have unpredictable effects on markets, result in heightened market volatility, and detract from the Fund’s performance to the extent the Fund is exposed to such interest rates. Generally, the values of fixed income securities vary inversely with changes in interest rates. During periods of falling interest rates, the values of most outstanding fixed income securities generally rise and during periods of rising interest rates, the values of most fixed income securities generally declines. A low interest rate environment may have an adverse impact on the Fund’s ability to provide a positive yield to its shareholders and pay expenses out of Fund assets because of the low yields from the Fund’s portfolio investments. Alternatively, a general rise in interest rates has the potential to cause investors to move out of fixed income securities on a large scale, which may increase redemptions from the Fund that holds large amounts of fixed income securities. Heavy redemptions could cause the Fund to sell assets at inopportune times or at a loss or depressed value and could hurt the Fund’s performance.

 

The Fund may face a heightened level of interest rate risk in times of monetary policy change and/or uncertainty, such as when the Federal Reserve adjusts a quantitative easing program and/or changes rates. A changing interest rate environment increases certain risks, including the potential for periods of volatility, increased redemptions, shortened durations (i.e., prepayment risk) and extended durations (i.e., extension risk). Further, Federal Reserve policy changes may reduce liquidity for certain Fund investments, which could cause the value of the Fund’s investments and the Fund’s share price to decline or create difficulties for the Fund in disposing of investments.

 

The Fund could also be forced to liquidate its investments at disadvantageous times or prices, thereby adversely affecting the Fund. To the extent the Fund experiences high redemptions because of these policy changes, the Fund may experience increased portfolio turnover, which will increase the costs that the Fund incurs and lower the Fund’s performance.

 

Convertible Securities

 

The Fund may invest in convertible securities. A convertible security entitles the holder to exchange the security for a fixed number of shares of common stock or other equity security, usually of the same company, at fixed prices within a specified period of time. A convertible security entitles the holder to receive the fixed income of a bond or the dividend preference of a preferred stock until the holder elects to exercise the conversion privilege. Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to nonconvertible debt securities. Convertible securities often rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure and, therefore, are often viewed as entailing less risk than the issuer’s common stock, although the extent to which this is true depends in large measure on the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed income security. However, because convertible securities are often viewed by the issuer as future common stock, they are often subordinated to other senior securities and therefore are rated one category lower than the issuer’s nonconvertible debt obligations or preferred stock.

 

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To the degree that the price of a convertible security rises above its investment value because of a rise in price of the underlying common stock, it is influenced more by price fluctuations of the underlying common stock and less by its investment value. The price of a convertible security that is supported principally by its conversion value will rise along with any increase in the price of the common stock, and the price generally will decline along with any decline in the price of the common stock except that the convertible security will receive additional support as its price approaches investment value. A convertible security purchased or held at a time when its price is influenced by its conversion value will produce a lower yield than nonconvertible senior securities with comparable investment values.

 

Convertible securities in which the Fund may invest have call provisions entitling the issuer to redeem the security at a specified time and at a specified price. This is one of the features of a convertible security that affects valuation. Calls may vary from absolute calls to provisional calls. Convertible securities with superior call protection usually trade at a higher premium. If long-term interest rates decline, the interest rates of new convertible securities will also decline. Therefore, in a falling interest rate environment, companies may be expected to call convertible securities with high coupons and the Fund would have to invest the proceeds from such called issues in securities with lower coupons. Thus, convertible securities with superior call protection will permit the Fund to maintain a higher yield than issues without call protection. Convertible securities may include corporate notes or preferred stock, but are ordinarily a long-term debt obligation of the issuer convertible at a stated exchange rate into common stock of the issuer. As with all debt securities, the market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, increases as interest rates decline. Convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible securities of similar quality. However, when the market price of the common stock underlying a convertible security exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible security tends to reflect the value of the underlying common stock. As the market price of the underlying common stock declines, the convertible security tends to trade increasingly on a yield basis, and thus may not depreciate to the same extent as the underlying common stock. Convertible securities rank senior to common stocks in an issuer’s capital structure and are consequently of higher quality and entail less risk than the issuer’s common stock, although the extent to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed income security.

 

The issuers of debt obligations having speculative characteristics may experience difficulty in paying principal and interest when due in the event of a downturn in the economy or unanticipated corporate developments. The market prices of such securities may become increasingly volatile in periods of economic uncertainty. Moreover, adverse publicity or the perceptions of investors over which the Adviser has no control, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the market price and liquidity of such investments. Although the Adviser will attempt to avoid exposing the Fund to such risks, there is no assurance that it will be successful or that a liquid secondary market will continue to be available for the disposition of such securities.

 

Direct Debt Instruments including Loans, Loan Assignments, and Loan Participations

 

Direct debt includes interests in loans, notes and other interests in amounts owed to financial institutions by borrowers, such as companies and governments, including emerging market countries. Direct debt instruments are interests in amounts owed by corporate, governmental, or other borrowers (including emerging market countries) to lenders or lending syndicates. Purchasers of loans and other forms of direct indebtedness depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the borrower for payment of principal and interest. The borrower may be in financial distress or may default. If the Fund does not receive scheduled interest or principal payments on such indebtedness, the Fund’s share price and yield could be adversely affected. Participations in debt instruments may involve a risk of insolvency of the selling bank. In addition, there may be fewer legal protections for owners of participation interests than for direct lenders. Direct indebtedness of developing countries involves a risk that the governmental entities responsible for the repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to pay interest and repay principal when due. Direct debt instruments may have floating interest rates. These interest rates will vary depending on the terms of the underlying loan and market conditions.

 

Loans, Loan Assignments, and Loan Participations. Floating rate securities, including loans, provide for automatic adjustment of the interest rate at fixed intervals (e.g., daily, weekly, monthly, or semi-annually) or automatic adjustment of the interest rate whenever a specified interest rate or index changes. The interest rate on floating rate securities ordinarily is determined by reference to a reference rate such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), a particular bank’s prime rate, the 90-day Treasury Department Bill rate, the rate of return on commercial paper or bank certificates of deposit, an index of short-term tax-exempt rates or some other objective measure. The Fund may invest in secured and unsecured loans.

 

The Fund may invest in direct debt instruments by direct investment as a lender, by taking an assignment of all or a portion of an interest in a loan previously held by another institution or by acquiring a participation interest in a loan that continues to be held by another institution. It also may be difficult for the Fund to obtain an accurate picture of a selling bank’s financial condition. Loans are subject to the same risks as other direct debt instruments discussed above and carry additional risks described in this section.

 

Direct Investments. When the Fund invests as an initial investor in a new loan, the investment is typically made at par value. Secondary purchases of loans may be made at a premium to par, at par, or at a discount to par. Therefore, the Fund’s return on a

 

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secondary investment may be lower, equal, or higher than if the Fund had made a direct investment. As an initial investor in a new loan, the Fund may be paid a commitment fee.

 

Assignments. When the Fund purchases a loan by assignment, the Fund typically succeeds to the rights of the assigning lender under the loan agreement and becomes a lender under the loan agreement. Subject to the terms of the loan agreement, the Fund typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations under the loan agreement of the assigning lender. However, assignments may be arranged through private negotiations between potential assignees and potential assignors, and the rights and obligations acquired by the purchaser of an assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assigning lender.

 

Participation Interests. The Fund’s rights under a participation interest with respect to a particular loan may be more limited than the rights of original lenders or of investors who acquire an assignment of that loan. In purchasing participation interests, the Fund will have the right to receive payments of principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled only from the lender selling the participation interest (the “participating lender”) and only when the participating lender receives the payments from the borrower.

 

In a participation interest, the Fund will usually have a contractual relationship only with the selling institution and not the underlying borrower. The Fund normally will have to rely on the participating lender to demand and receive payments in respect of the loans, and to pay those amounts on to the Fund; thus, the Fund will be subject to the risk that the lender may be unwilling or unable to do so. In such a case, the Fund would not likely have any rights against the borrower directly. In addition, the Fund generally will have no right to object to certain changes to the loan agreement agreed to by the participating lender.

 

In buying a participation interest, the Fund might not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the related loan and may be subject to any rights of setoff the borrower has against the selling institution. In the event of bankruptcy or insolvency of the borrower, the obligation of the borrower to repay the loan may be subject to certain defenses that can be asserted by the borrower as a result of any improper conduct of the participating lender. As a result, the Fund may be subject to delays, expenses and risks that are greater than those that exist when the Fund is an original lender or assignee.

 

Creditworthiness. The Fund’s ability to receive payments in connection with loans depends on the financial condition of the borrower. The Adviser will not rely solely on another lending institution’s credit analysis of the borrower, but will perform its own investment analysis of the borrower. The Adviser’s analysis may include consideration of the borrower’s financial strength, managerial experience, debt coverage, additional borrowing requirements or debt maturity schedules, changing financial conditions, and responsiveness to changes in business conditions and interest rates. Indebtedness of borrowers whose creditworthiness is poor involves substantially greater risks and may be highly speculative. Borrowers that are in bankruptcy or restructuring may never pay off their indebtedness, or may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed. In connection with the restructuring of a loan or other direct debt instrument outside of bankruptcy court in a negotiated work-out or in the context of bankruptcy proceedings, equity securities or junior debt securities may be received in exchange for all or a portion of an interest in the security.

 

In buying a participation interest, the Fund assumes the credit risk of both the borrower and the participating lender. If the participating lender fails to perform its obligations under the participation agreement, the Fund might incur costs and delays in realizing payment and suffer a loss of principal and/or interest. If a participating lender becomes insolvent, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of that lender. As a general creditor, the Fund may not benefit from a right of setoff that the lender has against the borrower. The Fund will acquire a participation interest only if the Adviser determines that the participating lender or other intermediary participant selling the participation interest is creditworthy.

 

Contingent Capital Securities

 

Contingent capital securities (sometimes referred to as “CoCos”) are debt or preferred securities with loss absorption characteristics built into the terms of the security, for example a mandatory conversion into common stock of the issuer under certain circumstances, such as the issuer’s capital ratio falling below a certain level. Since the common stock of the issuer may not pay a dividend, investors in these instruments could experience a reduced income rate, potentially to zero, and conversion would deepen the subordination of the investor, hence worsening the Fund’s standing in a bankruptcy. Some CoCos provide for a reduction in the value or principal amount of the security under such circumstances. In addition, most CoCos are considered to be high yield or “junk” securities and are therefore subject to the risks of investing in below investment grade securities.

 

As CoCos may be perpetual or have long-dated maturities, they may face greater interest rate sensitivity and may be subject to greater fluctuations in value than securities with shorter maturity dates. Such securities also may be subject to prepayment risk due to optional or mandatory redemption provisions. In addition, CoCos may have no stated maturity and may have fully discretionary coupons that

 

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can potentially be cancelled at the issuer’s discretion or may be prohibited by the relevant regulatory authority from being paid in order to help the issuer absorb losses.

 

Restricted Securities and Rule 144A Securities

 

The Fund may invest in “restricted securities,” which generally are securities that may be resold to the public only pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or an exemption from registration. Regulation S under the Securities Act is an exemption from registration that permits, under certain circumstances, the resale of restricted securities in offshore transactions, subject to certain conditions, and Rule 144A under the Securities Act is an exemption that permits the resale of certain restricted securities to qualified institutional buyers.

 

Since its adoption by the SEC in 1990, Rule 144A has facilitated trading of restricted securities among qualified institutional investors. To the extent restricted securities held by the Fund qualify under Rule 144A and an institutional market develops for those securities, the Fund expects that it will be able to dispose of the securities without registering the resale of such securities under the Securities Act. However, to the extent that a robust market for such 144A securities does not develop, or a market develops but experiences periods of illiquidity, investments in Rule 144A securities could increase the level of the Fund’s illiquidity.

 

Where an exemption from registration under the Securities Act is unavailable, or where an institutional market is limited, the Fund may, in certain circumstances, be permitted to require the issuer of restricted securities held by the Fund to file a registration statement to register the resale of such securities under the Securities Act. In such case, the Fund will typically be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expenses, and a considerable period may elapse between the decision to sell and the time the Fund may be permitted to resell a security under an effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse market conditions were to develop, or the value of the security were to decline, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed when it decided to sell. Restricted securities for which no market exists are priced by a method that the Board believes accurately reflects fair value.

 

Variable or Floating Rate Securities

 

Variable rate and floating rate securities provide for automatic adjustment of the interest rate at fixed intervals (e.g., daily, weekly, monthly, or semi-annually) or automatic adjustment of the interest rate whenever a specified interest rate or index changes. The interest rate on variable and floating rate securities (collectively, “Adjustable Rate Securities”) ordinarily is determined by reference to a particular bank’s prime rate, the 90-day Treasury Department Bill rate, the rate of return on commercial paper or bank certificate of deposit, an index of short-term tax-exempt rates or some other objective measure.

 

Adjustable Rate Securities frequently permit the holder to demand payment of the obligations’ principal and accrued interest at any time or at specified intervals not exceeding one year. The demand feature usually is backed by a credit instrument (e.g., a bank letter of credit) from a creditworthy issuer and sometimes by insurance from a creditworthy insurer. The Fund can also buy fixed rate securities accompanied by a demand feature or by a put option, which permits the Fund to sell the security to the issuer or third party at a specified price.

 

Distressed Securities

 

The Fund may invest in distressed securities, including loans, bonds and notes that may involve a substantial degree of risk. Distressed securities include securities of companies that are in financial distress and that may be in or about to enter bankruptcy.

 

The Fund may invest in issuers of distressed securities that the Adviser expects will make an exchange offer or will be the subject of a plan of reorganization that the Fund will receive new securities in return for the distressed securities. A significant period of time may pass between the time at which the Fund makes its investment in these distressed securities and the time that any exchange offer or plan of reorganization is completed and there can be no assurance that such an exchange offer will be made or that such a plan of reorganization will be adopted. During this period, it is unlikely that the Fund will receive any interest payments on the distressed securities, the Fund will be subject to significant uncertainty as to whether or not the exchange offer or plan of reorganization will be completed and the Fund may be required to bear certain extraordinary expenses to protect and recover its investment. Therefore, to the extent the Fund seeks capital appreciation through investment in distressed securities, the Fund’s ability to achieve current income for its shareholders may be diminished.

 

The Fund also will be subject to significant uncertainty as to when and in what manner and for what value the obligations evidenced by the distressed securities will eventually be satisfied (e.g., through a liquidation of the obligor’s assets, an exchange offer or plan of reorganization involving the distressed securities or a payment of some amount in satisfaction of the obligation). Even if an exchange offer is made or plan of reorganization is adopted with respect to distressed securities held by the Fund, there can be no assurance that the securities or other assets received by the Fund in connection with such exchange offer or plan of reorganization will not have a lower

 

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value or income potential than may have been anticipated when the investment was made or no value. Moreover, any securities received by the Fund upon completion of an exchange offer or plan of reorganization may be restricted as to resale. Similarly, if the Fund participates in negotiations with respect to any exchange offer or plan of reorganization with respect to an issuer of distressed securities, the Fund may be restricted from disposing of such securities.

 

In certain periods, there may be little or no liquidity in the markets for distressed securities or other instruments. In addition, the prices of such securities may be subject to periods of abrupt and erratic market movements and above-average price volatility. It may be difficult to obtain financial information regarding the financial condition of a borrower or issuer, and its financial condition may be changing rapidly. It may be more difficult to value such securities and the spread between the bid and ask prices of such securities may be greater than normally expected.

 

Master Limited Partnerships

 

Master limited partnerships (“MLPs”) are limited partnerships (or similar entities, such as limited liability companies) in which the ownership units (e.g., limited partnership interests) are publicly traded. MLP units are registered with the SEC and are freely traded on a securities exchange or in the OTC market. Many MLPs operate in oil and gas related businesses, including energy processing and distribution. Many MLPs are pass-through entities that generally are taxed at the unitholder level and are not subject to federal or state income tax at the entity level. Annual income, gains, losses, deductions and credits of such an MLP pass-through directly to its unitholders. Distributions from an MLP may consist in part of a return of capital. Additionally, since MLPs generally conduct business in multiple states, the Fund may be subject to income or franchise tax in each of the states in which the partnership does business. The additional cost of preparing and filing the tax returns and paying the related taxes may adversely impact the Fund’s return on its investment in MLPs. Generally, an MLP is operated under the supervision of one or more general partners. Limited partners are not involved in the day-to-day management of an MLP.

 

Investing in MLPs involves certain risks related to investing in their underlying assets and risks associated with pooled investment vehicles. MLPs holding credit-related investments are subject to interest rate risk and the risk of default on payment obligations by debt issuers. MLPs that concentrate in a particular industry or a particular geographic region are subject to risks associated with such industry or region. Investments held by MLPs may be relatively illiquid, limiting the MLPs’ ability to vary their portfolios promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions. MLPs may have limited financial resources, their securities may trade infrequently and in limited volume, and they may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than securities of larger or more broadly based companies.

 

The risks of investing in an MLP are generally those inherent in investing in a partnership as opposed to a corporation. For example, state law governing partnerships is different than state law governing corporations. Accordingly, there may be fewer protections afforded investors in an MLP than investors in a corporation. For example, although unitholders of an MLP are generally limited in their liability, similar to a corporation’s shareholders, creditors typically have the right to seek the return of distributions made to unitholders if the liability in question arose before the distributions were paid. This liability may stay attached to a unitholder even after it sells its units.

 

Equity Securities

 

Common stocks represent the residual ownership interest in the issuer and holders of common stock are entitled to the income and increase in the value of the assets and business of the issuer after all of its debt obligations and obligations to preferred stockholders are satisfied. Common stocks generally have voting rights. Common stocks fluctuate in price in response to many factors including historical and prospective earnings of the issuer, the value of its assets, general economic conditions, interest rates, investor perceptions, and market liquidity.

 

Equity securities also include preferred stock (whether or not convertible into common stock) and debt securities convertible into or exchangeable for common or preferred stock. Preferred stock has a preference over common stock in liquidation (and generally dividends as well) but is subordinated to the liabilities of the issuer in all respects.

 

As a general rule, the market value of preferred stock with a fixed dividend rate and no conversion element varies inversely with interest rates and perceived credit risk, while the market price of convertible preferred stock generally also reflects some element of conversion value. Because preferred stock is junior to debt securities and other obligations of the issuer, deterioration in the credit quality of the issuer will cause greater changes in the value of a preferred stock than in a more senior debt security with similarly stated yield characteristics. Debt securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for preferred or common stock are liabilities of the issuer but are generally subordinated to more senior elements of the issuer’s balance sheet. Although such securities also generally reflect an element of conversion value, their market value also varies with interest rates and perceived credit risk. The market value of preferred stock will also generally reflect whether (and if so when) the issuer may force holders to sell their preferred shares back to the issuer and whether (and if so when) the holders may force the issuer to buy back their preferred shares. Generally speaking the right of the issuer to repurchase the preferred stock tends to reduce any premium that the preferred stock might otherwise trade at due to interest

 

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rate or credit factors, while the right of the holders to require the issuer to repurchase the preferred stock tends to reduce any discount that the preferred stock might otherwise trade at due to interest rate or credit factors.

 

Commercial Paper

 

Commercial paper is a short-term debt security issued by a corporation, bank, municipality, or other issuer, usually for purposes such as financing current operations. The Fund may invest in commercial paper that cannot be resold to the public without an effective registration statement under the Securities Act. While some restricted commercial paper normally is deemed illiquid, the Adviser may in certain cases determine that such paper is liquid.

 

Asset-Backed Securities

 

Asset-backed securities represent direct or indirect participations in, or are secured by and payable from, pools of assets such as, among other things, motor vehicle installment sales contracts, installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal property, and receivables from revolving credit (credit card) agreements, or a combination of the foregoing. These assets are securitized through the use of trusts and special purpose corporations. Credit enhancements, such as various forms of cash collateral accounts or letters of credit, may support payments of principal and interest on asset-backed securities. Although these securities may be supported by letters of credit or other credit enhancements, payment of interest and principal ultimately depends upon individuals paying the underlying loans, which may be affected adversely by general downturns in the economy. Asset-backed securities are subject to the same risk of prepayment described with respect to mortgage-backed securities and to extension risk (the risk that an issuer of a security will make principal payments slower than anticipated by the investor, thus extending the securities’ duration). The risk that recovery on repossessed collateral might be unavailable or inadequate to support payments, however, is greater for asset-backed securities than for mortgage-backed securities.

 

Mortgage-Backed Securities

 

Mortgage-backed securities, including residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, represent direct or indirect participations in, or are secured by and payable from, pools of mortgage loans. Those securities may be guaranteed by a U.S. Government agency or instrumentality (such as by Ginnie Mae); issued and guaranteed by a government-sponsored stockholder-owned corporation, though not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States (such as by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac); or issued by fully private issuers. Private issuers are generally originators of and investors in mortgage loans and include savings associations, mortgage bankers, commercial banks, investment bankers, and special purpose entities. Private mortgage-backed securities may be backed by U.S. Government agency supported mortgage loans or some form of non-governmental credit enhancement.

 

Mortgage-backed securities may have either fixed or adjustable interest rates. Tax or regulatory changes may adversely affect the mortgage securities market. In addition, changes in the market’s perception of the issuer may affect the value of mortgage-backed securities. The rate of return on mortgage-backed securities may be affected by prepayments of principal on the underlying loans, which generally increase as market interest rates decline; as a result, when interest rates decline, holders of these securities normally do not benefit from appreciation in market value to the same extent as holders of other non-callable debt securities.

 

U.S. Government Securities

 

Securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities include U.S. Treasury securities, which differ only in their interest rates, maturities, and dates of issuance. Treasury Bills have initial maturities of one year or less; Treasury Notes have initial maturities of one to ten years; and Treasury Bonds generally have initial maturities of greater than ten years. Some obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities, for example, Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) pass-through certificates, are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), by discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the agency or instrumentality; and others, such as those issued by the Student Loan Marketing Association, only by credit of the agency or instrumentality. While the U.S. government provides financial support to such U.S. government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities, no assurance can be given that it will always do so since it is not so obligated by law.

 

Collateralized Loan Obligations

 

The Fund also may invest in collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), which are another type of asset-backed security. A CLO is a trust or other special purpose entity that is comprised of or collateralized by a pool of loans, including domestic and non-U.S. senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. The loans generate cash flow that is allocated among one or more classes of securities (“tranches”) that vary in risk and

 

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yield. The most senior tranche has the best credit quality and the lowest yield compared to the other tranches. The equity tranche has the highest potential yield but also has the greatest risk, as it bears the bulk of defaults from the underlying loans and helps to protect the more senior tranches from risk of these defaults. However, despite the protection from the equity and other more junior tranches, more senior tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults and decreased market value due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as aversion to CLO securities as a class.

 

Normally, CLOs are privately offered and sold and are not registered under state or federal securities laws. Therefore, investments in CLOs may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities; however, an active dealer market may exist for CLOs allowing a CLO to qualify for transactions pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. CLOs normally charge management fees and administrative expenses, which are in addition to those of the Fund.

 

The riskiness of investing in CLOs depends largely on the quality and type of the collateral loans and the tranche of the CLO in which the Fund invests. In addition to the normal risks associated with fixed-income securities discussed elsewhere in this SAI and the Fund’s prospectus (such as interest rate risk and credit risk), CLOs carry risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from the collateral will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the Fund may invest in CLO tranches that are subordinate to other tranches; and (iv) the complex structure of the CLO may not be fully understood at the time of investment or may result in the quality of the underlying collateral not being fully understood and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results. In addition, interest on certain tranches of a CLO may be paid in-kind (meaning that unpaid interest is effectively added to principal), which involves continued exposure to default risk with respect to such payments. Certain CLOs may receive credit enhancement in the form of a senior-subordinate structure, over-collateralization or bond insurance, but such enhancement may not always be present and may fail to protect the Fund against the risk of loss due to defaults on the collateral.

 

Collateralized Debt Obligations

 

Collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), which include CLOs (as described more fully above), issue classes or “tranches” of securities that vary in risk and yield and may experience substantial losses due to interest rate fluctuations, actual defaults, collateral defaults, disappearance of subordinate tranches, market anticipation of defaults, and investor aversion to CDO securities as a class. CDOs carry risks including, but not limited to, (i) the possibility that distributions from the underlying debt securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments, (ii) the quality of the underlying debt securities may decline in value or default, particularly during periods of economic downturn, or be downgraded, if rated by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization, (iii) the Fund may invest in CDOs that are subordinate to other classes of securities, (iv) the investment return could be significantly different than those predicted by financial models, (v) the risk of forced “fire sale” liquidation due to technical defaults such as coverage test failures, (vi) the manager of the CDO may perform poorly, (vii) the complex structure may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results, and (viii) the lack of a readily available secondary market for CDOs. Interest on certain tranches of a CDO may be paid in kind or deferred and capitalized (paid in the form of obligations of the same type rather than cash), which involves continued exposure to the risk of default with respect to such payments. The risks of investing in CDOs depend largely on the quality and type of the underlying debt, which may include loans, bonds and mortgages, and the tranche of the CDO in which the Fund invests. In addition, CDOs that obtain their exposure through derivative instruments entail additional risks associated with such instruments. CDOs can be difficult to value, may at times be illiquid, may be highly leveraged (which could make them highly volatile), and may produce unexpected investment results due to their complex structure. CDOs may also charge fees and expenses, which are in addition to those of the Fund. In addition, CDOs involve many of the same risks of investing in debt securities and asset-backed securities including, but not limited to, interest rate risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, and valuation risk.

 

Banking & Savings Institution Securities

 

These include certificates of deposit (“CDs”), time deposits, bankers’ acceptances, and other short-term and long-term debt obligations issued by commercial banks and savings institutions. The CDs, time deposits, and bankers’ acceptances in which the Fund invests typically are not covered by deposit insurance.

 

A CD is a short-term negotiable certificate issued by a commercial bank against funds deposited in the bank and is either interest-bearing or purchased on a discount basis. A bankers’ acceptance is a short-term draft drawn on a commercial bank by a borrower, usually in connection with an international commercial transaction. The borrower is liable for payment as is the bank, which unconditionally guarantees to pay the draft at its face amount on the maturity date. Fixed time deposits are obligations of branches of U.S. banks or foreign banks that are payable at a stated maturity date and bear a fixed rate of interest. Although fixed time deposits do not have a market, there are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in the deposit to a third party. Deposit notes are

 

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notes issued by commercial banks that generally bear fixed rates of interest and typically have original maturities ranging from eighteen months to five years.

 

Banks are subject to extensive governmental regulations that may limit both the amounts and types of loans and other financial commitments that may be made and the interest rates and fees that may be charged. The profitability of this industry is largely dependent upon the availability and cost of capital, which can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change. Also, general economic conditions, consolidation and competition among banking and savings institutions play an important part in the operations of this industry and exposure to credit losses arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers might affect a bank’s ability to meet its obligations. Bank obligations may be general obligations of the parent bank or may be limited to the issuing branch by the terms of the specific obligations or by government regulation.

 

Investment in Small, Unseasoned Companies, and Other Illiquid Securities

 

The Fund may invest in small, less well-known companies (including predecessors) which have operated for less than three years. The securities of small, unseasoned companies may have a limited trading market, which may adversely affect their disposition and can result in their being priced lower than might otherwise be the case. If other investment companies and investors who invest in such issuers trade the same securities when the Fund attempts to dispose of its holdings, the Fund may receive lower prices than might otherwise be obtained. These companies may have limited product lines, markets, or financial resources and may lack management depth. In addition, these companies are typically subject to a greater degree of changes in earnings and business prospects than larger, more established companies. Although investing in securities of these companies offers potential for above-average returns if the companies are successful, the risk exists that the companies will not succeed and the prices of the companies’ shares could significantly decline in value.

 

Illiquid Securities

 

The Fund will not invest, in the aggregate, more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. An illiquid security is any security which the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the security. These securities include securities which are restricted from public sale, securities for which market quotations are not readily available, and repurchase agreements maturing or terminable in more than seven days. To the extent required by applicable law and Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) guidance, the Fund will not acquire an illiquid security if such acquisition would cause the aggregate value of illiquid securities to exceed 15% of the Fund’s net assets.

 

Because illiquid investments may not be readily marketable, the Fund may not be able to dispose of them in a timely manner. As a result, the Fund may be forced to hold illiquid investments while their price depreciates. In addition, the sale of illiquid securities often requires more time and results in higher brokerage charges or dealer discounts and other selling expenses than does the sale of securities eligible for trading on national securities exchanges or in over-the-counter (“OTC”) markets. Securities freely saleable among qualified institutional investors pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act and as adopted by the SEC, may be treated as liquid if they satisfy liquidity standards established by the Board. The continued liquidity of such securities is not as well assured as that of publicly traded securities, and accordingly, the Board will monitor their liquidity. The Board will review pertinent factors such as trading activity, reliability of price information and trading patterns of comparable securities in determining whether to treat any such security as liquid for purposes of the foregoing liquidity test. To the extent the Board treats such securities as liquid, temporary impairments to trading patterns of such securities may adversely affect the Fund’s liquidity.

 

Loans of Portfolio Securities

 

To increase income, the Fund may lend its portfolio securities to securities broker-dealers or financial institutions if (1) the loan is collateralized in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements including collateralization continuously at no less than 100% by marking to market daily, (2) the loan is subject to termination by the Fund at any time, (3) the Fund receives reasonable interest or fee payments on the loan, (4) the Fund is able to exercise all voting rights with respect to the loaned securities and (5) the loan will not cause the value of all loaned securities to exceed 33⅓% of the value of the Fund’s assets.

 

If the borrower fails to maintain the requisite amount of collateral, the loan automatically terminates and the Fund could use the collateral to replace the securities while holding the borrower liable for any excess of replacement cost over the value of the collateral. As with any extension of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery and in some cases even loss of rights in collateral should the borrower of the securities fail financially.

 

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Borrowing

 

The Fund may not borrow money except for (1) short-term credits from banks as may be necessary for the clearance of portfolio transactions and (2) borrowings from banks for temporary or emergency purposes, including the meeting of redemption requests, would otherwise require the untimely disposition of its portfolio securities. The Fund may mortgage, pledge, or hypothecate assets to secure such borrowings.

 

Borrowing may exaggerate the effect on net asset value per share of any increase or decrease in the market value of securities purchased with borrowed funds. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs which may or may not be recovered by appreciation of securities purchased.

 

Temporary Defensive Investments

 

When a temporary defensive posture is believed by the Adviser to be warranted (“temporary defensive periods”), the Fund may without limitation hold cash or invest all or a portion of its assets in investment grade securities, U.S. government securities, or other high quality money market instruments and repurchase agreements in respect of those instruments. The money market instruments in which the Fund may invest are obligations of the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities; commercial paper rated “A-1” or higher by S&P, or “Prime-1” by Moody’s; and certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances issued by domestic branches of U.S. banks that are members of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. During temporary defensive periods, the Fund may also invest to the extent permitted by applicable law in shares of money market mutual funds. Money market mutual funds are investment companies and the investments in those companies by the Fund are in some cases subject to certain fundamental investment restrictions and applicable law. As a shareholder in a mutual fund, the Fund will bear its ratable share of its expenses, including management fees, and will remain subject to payment of the fees to the Adviser, with respect to assets so invested. The Fund may find it more difficult to achieve its investment objective during temporary defensive periods.

 

Economic Events and Market Risk

 

Periods of market volatility remain, and may continue to occur in the future, in response to various political, social and economic events both within and outside of the United States. These conditions have resulted in, and in many cases continue to result in, greater price volatility, less liquidity, widening credit spreads and a lack of price transparency, with many securities remaining illiquid and of uncertain value. Such market conditions may adversely affect the Fund, including by making valuation of some of the Fund’s securities uncertain, and/or result in sudden and significant valuation increases or declines in the Fund’s holdings. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the Hamas terrorist attacks, spread of infectious diseases or other public health issues, recessions, rising inflation, or other events could have a significant negative impact on the Fund and its investments. Such events may affect certain geographic regions, countries, sectors and industries more significantly than others.

 

Risks resulting from any future debt or other economic crisis could also have a detrimental impact on the global economy and the financial conditions of financial institutions. Market and economic disruptions have affected, and may in the future affect, consumer confidence levels and spending, personal bankruptcy rates, and levels of incurrence and default on consumer debt and home prices, among other factors. To the extent uncertainty regarding the U.S. or global economy negatively impacts consumer confidence and consumer credit factors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be significantly and adversely affected. Downgrades to the credit ratings of major banks could result in increased borrowing costs for such banks and negatively affect the broader economy. Moreover, Federal Reserve policy, including with respect to interest rates and the decision to end its quantitative easing policy, may also adversely affect the value, volatility and liquidity of dividend- and interest- paying securities. Market volatility, tariffs, rising interest rates and/or a return to unfavorable economic conditions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.

 

Regulation and Government Intervention Risk

 

Global economies and financial markets are increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibility that conditions in one country or region may adversely affect companies in a different country or region. The global financial crisis has led governments and regulators around the world to take a number of unprecedented actions designed to support certain financial institutions and segments of the financial markets that experienced extreme volatility, and in some cases a lack of liquidity. Governments, their regulatory agencies, or self-regulatory organizations may take actions that impact the regulation of the issuers in which the Fund invests. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which the Fund itself is regulated. Such legislation or regulation could limit or preclude the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.

 

Governments or their agencies may also acquire distressed assets from financial institutions and acquire ownership interests in those institutions. The implications of government ownership and disposition of these assets are unclear, and such a program may have positive

 

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or negative effects on the liquidity, valuation and performance of the Fund’s portfolio holdings. Furthermore, volatile financial markets can expose the Fund to greater market and liquidity risk and potential difficulty in valuing portfolio instruments held by the Fund.

 

In addition, the U.S. government has proposed and adopted multiple regulations that could have a long-lasting impact on the Fund and on the fund industry in general. Such regulations, could, among other things, restrict the Fund’s ability to engage in transactions, impact flows into the Fund, and/or increase overall expenses of the Fund.

 

Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act regulates the use of derivatives, short sales, reverse repurchase agreements and certain other transactions for certain funds registered under the 1940 Act. Among other things, Rule 18f-4 requires funds that invest in derivative instruments beyond a specified limited amount to apply a value-at-risk (“VaR”) based limit to their use of certain derivative instruments and financing transactions and to adopt and implement a derivatives risk management program. Consequently, unless a fund qualifies as a “limited derivatives user” as defined in Rule 18f-4, the fund is required to establish a comprehensive derivatives risk management program, comply with a VaR based leverage limit, appoint a derivatives risk manager and provide additional disclosure both publicly and to the SEC regarding its derivatives positions. If a fund qualifies as a limited derivatives user, Rule 18f-4 requires the fund to have policies and procedures to manage its aggregate derivatives risk, which may require the fund to alter, perhaps materially, its use of derivatives, short sales, and reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions as part of its investment strategies. In connection with the adoption of Rule 18f-4, the SEC also eliminated the asset segregate framework for covering derivatives and certain financial instruments arising from SEC and staff guidance.

 

In response to the current economic environment, there may be increased popular, political and judicial focus on finance related consumer protection. Financial institution practices are also subject to greater scrutiny and criticism generally. In the case of transactions between financial institutions and the general public, there may be a greater tendency toward strict interpretation of terms and legal rights in favor of the consuming public, particularly where there is a real or perceived disparity in risk allocation and/or where consumers are perceived as not having had an opportunity to exercise informed consent to the transaction. In the event of conflicting interests between retail investors holding shares of an open-end investment company such as the Fund and a large financial institution, a court may similarly seek to strictly interpret terms and legal rights in favor of retail investors.

 

Changes in federal policy, including tax policies, and at regulatory agencies occur over time through policy and personnel changes following elections, which lead to changes involving the level of oversight and focus on the financial services industry or the tax rates paid by corporate entities. Moreover, Federal Reserve policy, including with respect to certain interest rates and the decision to end its quantitative easing policy, along with the general policies of the current Presidential administration, may also adversely affect the value, volatility and liquidity of dividend- and interest-paying securities. The nature, timing and economic and political effects of potential changes to the current legal and regulatory framework affecting markets remain highly uncertain. Uncertainty surrounding future changes may adversely affect the Fund’s operating environment and therefore its investment performance.

 

Certain of the Fund’s investments may provide exposure to coupon rates that were based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), or are based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), the Euro Interbank Offered Rate and other similar types of reference rates (each, a “Reference Rate”). These Reference Rates are generally intended to represent the rate at which contributing banks may obtain short-term borrowings within certain financial markets. LIBOR was phased out at the end of June 2023. SOFR was selected by a committee established by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York to replace LIBOR as a Reference Rate in the United States, and U.S. law requires that contracts without a practicable LIBOR alternative, default to SOFR plus a set spread beginning in mid-2023. SOFR is a secured, nearly risk-free rate, while LIBOR was an unsecured rate that included an element of bank credit risk. In addition, SOFR is strictly an overnight rate, while LIBOR historically was published for various maturities, ranging from overnight to one year. Certain contracts provided for a spread adjustment when transitioning to SOFR from LIBOR, but there is no assurance that it provided adequate compensation. Other countries have undertaken similar initiatives to identify replacement Reference Rates for LIBOR in their respective markets. However, certain issuers may have encountered obstacles to converting their investments and transactions to a new Reference Rate, as well as risks associated with using a new Reference Rate with respect to new investments and transactions. Market participants may have transitioned Reference Rates through contractual amendments, legislation, market wide protocols, fallback contractual provisions, bespoke negotiations or otherwise.

 

The termination of certain Reference Rates presents risk to the Fund. The failure of issuers to transition could lead to increased volatility and illiquidity in markets for instruments that have yet to rely on a substitute to determine their next coupon rates and a reduction in the values of those investments, all of which would impact the Fund. Various complexities brought about by significant changes to operational processes and IT systems may not be complete, and coordination with other market participants may be severely impacted, which may negatively impact the Fund.

 

In addition, the alternative reference or benchmark rate may be an ineffective substitute, potentially resulting in prolonged adverse market conditions for the Fund. The elimination of a Reference Rate or any other changes or reforms to the determination or supervision of Reference Rates could have an adverse impact on the market for or value of any securities or payments linked to those Reference Rates and other financial obligations held by the Fund or on its overall financial conditions or results of operations. Any substitute

 

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Reference Rate and any pricing adjustments imposed by a regulator or by counterparties or otherwise may adversely affect the Fund’s performance and/or NAV. At this time, it is not possible to completely identify or predict the effect of any such changes, any establishment of alternative Reference Rates or any other reforms to Reference Rates that may be enacted in the UK or elsewhere.

 

The Fund may be affected by governmental action in ways that are not foreseeable, and there is a possibility that such actions could have a significant adverse effect on the Fund and its ability to achieve its investment objectives.

 

Special Risks Related to Cybersecurity

 

The Fund and its service providers are susceptible to cybersecurity risks that include, among other things, theft, unauthorized monitoring, release, misuse, loss, destruction or corruption of confidential and highly restricted data; denial of service attacks; unauthorized access to relevant systems, compromises to networks or devices that the Fund and its service providers use to service the Fund’s operations; or operational disruption or failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the Fund and its service providers. Cyberattacks against or security breakdowns of the Fund or its service providers may adversely impact the Fund and its shareholders, potentially resulting in, among other things, financial losses; the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business and the Fund to process transactions; inability to calculate the Fund’s NAV; violations of applicable privacy and other laws; regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs; and/or additional compliance costs. The Fund may incur additional costs for cybersecurity risk management and remediation purposes. In addition, cybersecurity risks may also impact issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, which may cause the Fund’s investment in such issuers to lose value. There can be no assurance that the Fund or its service providers will not suffer losses relating to cyberattacks or other information security breaches in the future.

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The investment policies of the Fund may lead to frequent changes in investments, particularly in periods of rapidly fluctuating interest or currency exchange rates. The portfolio turnover may be higher than that of other investment companies. Portfolio turnover generally involves some expense to the Fund, including brokerage commissions or dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities and reinvestment in other securities. The portfolio turnover rate is computed by dividing the lesser of the amount of the securities purchased or securities sold by the average monthly value of securities owned during the year (excluding securities whose maturities at acquisition were one year or less). Portfolio turnover may vary from year to year.

 

No portfolio turnover information is included here for the Fund because it has not yet commenced operations.

 

Foreign Securities

 

The risks of investing in securities of non-U.S. issuers or issuers with significant exposure to non-U.S. markets may be related, among other things, to (i) differences in size, liquidity and volatility of, and the degree and manner of regulation of, the securities markets of certain non-U.S. markets compared to the securities markets in the U.S.; (ii) economic, political and social factors; and (iii) foreign exchange matters, such as restrictions on the repatriation of capital, fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which the Fund’s portfolio securities are quoted or denominated, exchange control regulations and costs associated with currency exchange. The political and economic structures in certain foreign countries, particularly emerging markets, are expected to undergo significant evolution and rapid development, and such countries may lack the social, political and economic stability characteristics of more developed countries.

 

Unanticipated political or social developments may affect the values of the Fund’s investments in such countries. The economies and securities and currency markets of many emerging markets have experienced significant disruption and declines. There can be no assurances that these economic and market disruptions will not continue.

 

Legal remedies available to investors in certain foreign countries may be less extensive than those available to investors in the U.S. or other foreign countries. Accounting standards in other countries are also not necessarily the same as in the United States. If the accounting standards in another country do not require as much detail as U.S. accounting standards, it may be harder for the Adviser to completely and accurately determine a company’s financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government has from time to time in the past imposed restrictions, through penalties or otherwise, on foreign investments by U.S. investors such as the Fund. Also, brokerage commissions and other costs of buying or selling securities often are higher in foreign countries than they are in the United States. This reduces the amount the Fund can earn on its investments.

 

Securities of some foreign countries have lower liquidity, and their prices are more volatile, than the securities of comparable domestic companies. Certain foreign countries are known to experience long delays between the trade and settlement dates of securities purchased or sold resulting in increased exposure of the Fund to market and foreign exchange fluctuations brought about by such delays, and to the corresponding negative impact on Fund liquidity.

 

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Emerging Market Securities

 

The Fund may invest in emerging market securities. Such investments involve special risks. The economies, markets, and political structures of a number of the emerging market countries in which the Fund may invest do not compare favorably with the U.S. and other mature economies in terms of wealth and stability. Therefore, investments in these countries may be riskier, and will be subject to erratic and abrupt price movements. Some economies are less well developed and less diverse (for example, Latin America, Eastern Europe, and certain Asian countries) and more vulnerable to the ebb and flow of international trade, trade barriers, and other protectionist or retaliatory measures. Similarly, many of these countries, particularly in Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe, are grappling with severe inflation or recession, high levels of national debt.

 

Certain emerging market countries have historically experienced, and may continue to experience, high rates of inflation, high interest rates, exchange rate fluctuations, large amounts of external debt, balance of payments and trade difficulties, and extreme poverty and unemployment. The issuer or governmental authority that controls the repayment of an emerging market country’s debt may not be able or willing to repay the principal and/or interest when due in accordance with the terms of such debt. A debtor’s willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, and, in the case of a government debtor, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, and the political constraints to which a government debtor may be subject. Government debtors may default on their debt and may also be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and others abroad to reduce principal and interest arrearages on their debt. Holders of government debt may be requested to participate in the rescheduling of such debt and to extend further loans to government debtors. If such an event occurs, the Fund may have limited legal recourse against the issuer and/or guarantor. Remedies must, in some cases, be pursued in the courts of the defaulting party itself, and the ability of the holder of foreign government fixed income securities to obtain recourse may be subject to the political climate in the relevant country. In addition, no assurance can be given that the holders of commercial bank debt will not contest payments to the holders of other foreign government debt obligations in the event of default under their commercial bank loan agreements.

 

The economies of individual emerging market countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, and balance of payments position. Further, the economies of developing countries generally are heavily dependent upon international trade and, accordingly, have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values, and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These economies also have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which they trade.

 

Investing in emerging market countries may entail purchasing securities issued by or on behalf of entities that are insolvent, bankrupt, in default, or otherwise engaged in an attempt to reorganize or reschedule their obligations, and in entities that have little or no proven credit rating or credit history. In any such case, the issuer’s poor or deteriorating financial condition may increase the likelihood that an investing Fund will experience losses or diminution in available gains due to bankruptcy, insolvency, or fraud.

 

Depositary Receipts

 

American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) and other types of depositary receipts (which, together with ADRs, GDRs and EDRs, are collectively referred to as “Depositary Receipts”) evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by either a non-U.S. or a U.S. corporation that have been deposited with a depositary or custodian bank. Depositary Receipts may be issued in connection with an offering of securities by the issuer of the underlying securities or issued by a depositary bank as a vehicle to promote investment and trading in the underlying securities. ADRs are receipts issued by U.S. Banks or trust companies in respect of securities of non-U.S. issuers held on deposit for use in the U.S. securities markets. GDRs, EDRs and other types of Depositary Receipts are typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company and traded principally in the U.S. and other international markets. While Depositary Receipts may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the securities into which they may be converted, they entail certain of the risks associated with investments in foreign securities. A purchaser of unsponsored Depositary Receipts may not have unlimited voting rights and may not receive as much information about the issuer of the underlying security as with sponsored Depositary Receipts.

 

Sovereign Debt

 

Investing in debt securities issued by foreign governments and their political subdivisions or agencies (“Sovereign Debt Obligations”) involves economic and political risks. In recent years, the governments of some foreign countries have encountered difficulties in servicing their external debt obligations, which led to defaults on certain obligations and the restructuring of certain indebtedness. Restructuring arrangements have included, among other things, reducing and rescheduling interest and principal payments by negotiating new or amended credit agreements or converting outstanding principal and unpaid interest to Brady Bonds, and obtaining new credit to finance interest payments. Certain governments have not been able to make payments of interest on or principal of

 

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Sovereign Debt Obligations as those payments have come due. Obligations arising from past restructuring agreements may affect the economic performance and political and social stability of those issuers. The ability of governments to make timely payments on their obligations is likely to be influenced strongly by the issuer’s balance of payments, including export performance, and its access to international credits and investments. A country whose exports are concentrated in a few commodities could be vulnerable to a decline in the international prices of one or more of those commodities. Increased protectionism on the part of a country’s trading partners also could adversely affect the country’s exports and diminish its trade account surplus, if any. To the extent that a country receives payment for its exports in currencies other than dollars, its ability to make debt payments denominated in dollars could be adversely affected.

 

To the extent that a country develops a trade deficit, it will need to depend on continuing loans from foreign governments, multilateral organizations or private commercial banks, aid payments from foreign governments, and on inflows of foreign investment. The access of a country to these forms of external funding may not be certain, and a withdrawal of external funding could adversely affect the capacity of a government to make payments on its obligations. In addition, the cost of servicing debt obligations can be affected by a change in international interest rates since the majority of these obligations carry interest rates that are adjusted periodically based upon international rates.

 

Central banks and other governmental authorities which control the servicing of Sovereign Debt Obligations may not be willing or able to permit the payment of the principal or interest when due in accordance with the terms of the obligations. As a result, the issuers of Sovereign Debt Obligations may default on their obligations. Defaults on certain Sovereign Debt Obligations have occurred in the past. Holders of certain Sovereign Debt Obligations may be requested to participate in the restructuring and rescheduling of these obligations and to extend further loans to the issuers. These interests of holders of Sovereign Debt Obligations could be adversely affected in the course of restructuring arrangements or by certain other factors referred to below. Furthermore, some of the participants in the secondary market for Sovereign Debt Obligations also may be directly involved in negotiating the terms of these arrangements and, therefore, may have access to information not available to other market participants.

 

The Fund may have limited legal recourse in the event of default with respect to certain Sovereign Debt Obligations it holds. Bankruptcy, moratorium, and other similar laws applicable to issuers of Sovereign Debt Obligations may be substantially different from those applicable to issuers of private debt obligations. The political context, expressed as the willingness of an issuer of Sovereign Debt Obligations to meet the terms of the debt obligation, for example, is of considerable importance. In addition, no assurance can be given that the holders of commercial bank debt will not contest payments to the holders of securities issued by foreign governments in the event of default under commercial bank loan agreements.

 

Another factor bearing on the ability of a country to repay Sovereign Debt Obligations is the level of the country’s international reserves. Fluctuations in the level of these reserves can affect the amount of foreign exchange readily available for external debt payments and, thus, could have a bearing on the capacity of the country to make payments on its Sovereign Debt Obligations.

 

Expropriation, confiscatory taxation, nationalization, political, economic, or social instability or other similar developments, such as military coups, have occurred in the past in countries in which the Fund will invest and could adversely affect the Fund’s assets should these conditions or events recur.

 

Foreign investment in certain Sovereign Debt Obligations is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions or controls at times may limit or preclude foreign investment in certain Sovereign Debt Obligations and increase the costs and expenses of the Fund investing in such instruments. Certain countries in which the Fund may invest require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the investment by foreign persons only to a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for purchase by a domiciliary of the countries, and/or impose additional taxes on foreign investors.

 

Other Investment Companies

 

The Fund may invest in investment company securities, including small business investment companies, which are not affiliated with the Fund or G. distributors, LLC (“G. distributors” or the “Distributor”). Investment company securities are securities of other open-end or closed-end investment companies. Except for so-called fund-of-funds, the 1940 Act generally prohibits a fund from acquiring more than 3% of the outstanding voting shares of an investment company and limits such investments to no more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets in any one investment company and no more than 10% in any combination of investment companies. The 1940 Act further prohibits a fund from acquiring in the aggregate more than 10% of the outstanding voting shares of any registered closed-end investment company. Investing in other investment companies involves substantially the same risks as investing directly in the underlying instruments, but the total return on such investments at the investment company level may be reduced by the operating expenses and fees of such other investment companies, including advisory fees.

 

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Exchange-Traded Funds

 

Exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) are a type of investment company security bought and sold on a securities exchange. An ETF generally represents a portfolio of securities designed to track a particular market index. The Fund could purchase an ETF to temporarily gain exposure to a portion of the U.S. or a foreign market while awaiting purchase of underlying securities. The risks of owning an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities they are designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in it being more volatile, and ETFs have management fees which increase their costs.

 

Options

 

The Fund may purchase put and call options. An option on a security (or index) is a contract that gives the holder of the option, in return for the payment of a “premium,” the right, but not the obligation, to buy from (in the case of a call option) or sell to (in the case of a put option) the writer of the option the security underlying the option (or the cash value of the index) at a specified exercise price prior to the expiration date of the option. The purchase price of an option is called the “premium.” The writer of an option on a security has the obligation upon exercise of the option to: (1) deliver the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price (in the case of a call option), or (2) pay the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security (in the case of a put option). The writer of an option on an index has the obligation upon exercise of the option to pay an amount equal to the cash value of the index minus the exercise price, multiplied by a specified multiplier for the index option. Unlike exchange traded options, which are standardized, the terms of OTC options (options not traded on exchanges) generally are established through negotiation with the other party to the option contract. While this type of arrangement allows the purchaser or writer greater flexibility to tailor an option to its needs, OTC options generally involve greater credit risk than exchange traded options, which are guaranteed by the clearing organization of the exchanges where they are traded.

 

The potential loss to an option buyer is limited to the amount of the premium plus transaction costs. This will be the case if the option is held and not exercised prior to its expiration date. Generally, an option writer sells options with the goal of obtaining the premium paid by the option buyer, but that person could also seek to profit from an anticipated rise or decline in option prices. If an option sold by an option writer expires without being exercised, the writer retains the full amount of the premium. The option writer, however, has unlimited economic risk because its potential loss, except to the extent offset by the premium received when the option was written, is equal to the amount the option is “in-the- money” at the expiration date. A call option is in-the-money if the value of the underlying position exceeds the exercise price of the option. A put option is in- the-money if the exercise price of the option exceeds the value of the underlying position. Generally, any profit realized by an option buyer represents a loss for the option writer.

 

If a trading market in particular options were to become unavailable, investors in those options (such as the Fund) would be unable to close out their positions until trading resumes, and they may be faced with substantial losses if the value of the underlying interest moves adversely during that time. Even if the market were to remain available, there may be times when option prices will not maintain their customary or anticipated relationships to the prices of the underlying interests and related interests. Lack of investor interest, changes in volatility, or other factors or conditions might adversely affect the liquidity, efficiency, continuity, or even the orderliness of the market for particular options.

 

The Fund bears the risk that the Adviser will not accurately predict future market trends. If the Adviser attempts to use an option as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the Fund will be exposed to the risk that the option will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment. This could cause substantial losses for the Fund. While hedging strategies involving options can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other Fund investments. Many options, in particular OTC options, are complex and often valued based on subjective factors. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to the Fund.

 

Certain types of options that the Fund may purchase or sell may now be regulated as swaps by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), an agency of the U.S. government, or as security-based swaps by the SEC. The regulation of such options as swaps or security- based swaps is a recent development and there can be no assurance that the regulation of these types of instruments as swaps will not have an adverse effect on the Fund that utilizes these instruments.

 

Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts

 

The Fund may enter into futures contracts and options on futures contracts. The Fund will only enter into futures contracts and options on futures contracts that are standardized and traded on a U.S. or foreign exchange, board of trade, or similar entity, or quoted on an automated quotation system. The Fund will not use futures or options on futures for speculative purposes.

 

A futures contract is an agreement between two parties to buy or sell at a specific time in the future a specific quantity of a commodity at a specific price. The commodity may consist of an asset, a reference rate, or an index. The value of a futures contract tends to increase

 

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and decrease in tandem with the value of the underlying commodity. When entering into a futures contract, the Fund would be required to make a good faith margin deposit in cash or U.S. Government securities with a broker or custodian to initiate and maintain open positions in futures contracts. A margin deposit is intended to assure completion of the contract if it is not terminated prior to its specified delivery date. Brokers may establish deposit requirements which are higher than the exchange minimums. Initial margin deposits are typically calculated as a percentage of the contract’s market value.

 

An option on a futures contract (or futures option) conveys the right, but not the obligation, to purchase (in the case of a call option) or sell (in the case of a put option) a specific futures contract at a specific price (called the “exercise” or “strike” price) any time before the option expires. The seller of an option is called an option writer. The purchase price of an option is called the premium. The potential loss to an option buyer is limited to the amount of the premium plus transaction costs. This will be the case, for example, if the option is held and not exercised prior to its expiration date. Generally, an option writer sells options with the goal of obtaining the premium paid by the option buyer. If an option sold by an option writer expires without being exercised, the writer retains the full amount of the premium. The option writer, however, has unlimited economic risk because its potential loss, except to the extent offset by the premium received when the option was written, is equal to the amount the option is “in-the-money” at the expiration date. A call option is in-the-money if the value of the underlying futures contract exceeds the exercise price of the option. A put option is in-the-money if the exercise price of the option exceeds the value of the underlying futures contract. Generally, any profit realized by an option buyer represents a loss for the option writer.

 

The Fund may engage in futures contracts and options on futures contracts only to the extent permitted by the CFTC and the SEC. An option to buy a futures contract is “in-the-money” if the then-current purchase price of the underlying futures contract exceeds the exercise or strike price; an option to sell a futures contract is “in-the-money” if the exercise or strike price exceeds the then-current purchase price of the contract that is the subject of the option.

 

The risk of loss in trading futures contracts and in writing futures options can be substantial, because of the low margin deposits required, the extremely high degree of leverage involved in futures and options pricing, and the potential high volatility of the futures markets. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures position may result in immediate and substantial loss (or gain) to the investor. For example, if at the time of purchase, 10% of the value of the futures contract is deposited as margin, a subsequent 10% decrease in the value of the futures contract would result in a total loss of the margin deposit, before any deduction for the transaction costs, if the account was then closed out. A 15% decrease would result in a loss equal to 150% of the original margin deposit if the contract were closed out. Thus, a purchase or sale of a futures contract, and the writing of a futures option, may result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the position. In the event of adverse price movements, the Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments to maintain its required margin. In such situations, if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily margin requirements (and segregation requirements, if applicable) at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, on the settlement date, the Fund may be required to make delivery of the instruments underlying the futures positions it holds.

 

The Fund could suffer losses if it is unable to close out a futures contract or a futures option because of an illiquid secondary market. Futures contracts and futures options may be closed out only on an exchange which provides a secondary market for such products. However, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular futures product at any specific time. Thus, it may not be possible to close a futures or option position. Moreover, most futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movement during a particular trading day and therefore does not limit potential losses, because the limit may prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. Futures contract prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and subjecting some futures traders to substantial losses. The inability to close futures and options positions also could have an adverse impact on the ability to hedge a portfolio investment or to establish a substitute for a portfolio investment.

 

The Fund bears the risk that the Adviser will incorrectly predict future market trends. If the Adviser attempts to use a futures contract or a futures option as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the Fund will be exposed to the risk that the futures position will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment. This could cause substantial losses for the Fund. While hedging strategies involving futures products can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other Fund investments.

 

The Fund could lose margin payments it has deposited with its futures broker, if, for example, the broker breaches its agreement with the Fund or becomes insolvent or goes into bankruptcy. In that event, the Fund may be entitled to the return of margin owed to it only in proportion to the amount received by the broker’s other customers, potentially resulting in losses to the Fund.

 

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Currency Transactions

 

The Fund may enter into various currency transactions, including forward foreign currency contracts, currency swaps, foreign currency or currency index futures contracts and put and call options on such contracts or on currencies. A forward foreign currency contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency for a set price at a future date. A currency swap is an arrangement whereby each party exchanges one currency for another on a particular date and agrees to reverse the exchange on a later date at a specific exchange rate. Forward currency contracts and currency swaps generally are established in the interbank market directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks or other financial institutions) on behalf of their customers. Currency swaps and certain types of forward currency contracts now are regulated as swaps by the CFTC and, although they may still be established in the interbank market by currency traders on behalf of their customers, such instruments now must be executed in accordance with applicable federal regulations. The regulation of such currency swaps and forward currency contracts as swaps is a recent development and there can be no assurance that the additional regulation of these types of options will not have an adverse effect on the Fund that utilizes these instruments. Futures contracts are similar to forward contracts except that they are traded on an organized exchange and the obligations thereunder may be offset by taking an equal but opposite position to the original contract, with profit or loss determined by the relative prices between the opening and offsetting positions.

 

The Fund expects to enter into these currency transactions in primarily the following circumstances: to “lock in” the U.S. dollar equivalent price of a security the Fund is contemplating to buy or sell that is denominated in a non-U.S. currency; or to protect against a decline in the U.S. dollar versus the currency of a particular country to which the Fund’s portfolio has exposure. The Fund anticipates seeking to achieve the same economic result by utilizing from time to time for such hedging a currency different from the one of the given portfolio security as long as, in the view of the Adviser, such currency is essentially correlated to the currency of the relevant portfolio security based on historic and expected exchange rate patterns.

 

Credit Default Swaps

 

In a credit default swap, the credit default protection buyer makes periodic payments, known as premiums, to the credit default protection seller. In return, the credit default protection seller will make a payment to the credit default protection buyer upon the occurrence of a specified credit event. A credit default swap can refer to a single issuer or asset, a basket of issuers or assets or index of assets, each known as the reference entity or underlying asset. The Fund may act as either the buyer or the seller of a credit default swap. The Fund may buy or sell credit default protection on a basket of issuers or assets, even if a number of the underlying assets referenced in the basket are lower-quality debt securities. In an unhedged credit default swap, the Fund buys credit default protection on a single issuer or asset, a basket of issuers or assets or index of assets without owning the underlying asset or debt issued by the reference entity. Credit default swaps involve greater and different risks than investing directly in the referenced asset, because, in addition to market risk, credit default swaps include liquidity, counterparty and operational risk.

 

Credit default swaps allow the Fund to acquire or reduce credit exposure to a particular issuer, asset or basket of assets. If a swap agreement calls for payments by the Fund, the Fund must be prepared to make such payments when due. If the Fund is the credit default protection seller, the Fund will experience a loss if a credit event occurs and the credit of the reference entity or underlying asset has deteriorated. If the Fund is the credit default protection buyer, the Fund will be required to pay premiums to the credit default protection seller. In the case of a physically settled credit default swap in which the Fund is the protection seller, the Fund must be prepared to pay par for and take possession of debt of a defaulted issuer delivered to the Fund by the credit default protection buyer. Any loss would be offset by the premium payments the Fund receives as the seller of credit default protection.

 

Other Swap and Derivative Transactions

 

The Fund may enter into total rate of return, credit default, or other types of swaps and related derivatives for the purpose of hedging and risk management. These transactions generally provide for the transfer from one counterparty to another of certain risks inherent in the ownership of a financial asset such as a common stock or debt instrument. Such risks include, among other things, the risk of default and insolvency of the obligor of such asset, the risk that the credit of the obligor or the underlying collateral will decline or the risk that the common stock of the underlying issuer will decline in value. The transfer of risk pursuant to a derivative of this type may be complete or partial, and may be for the life of the related asset or for a shorter period. These derivatives may be used as a risk management tool for a pool of financial assets, providing the Fund with the opportunity to gain or reduce exposure to one or more reference securities or other financial assets (each, a “Reference Asset”) without actually owning or selling such assets in order, for example, to increase or reduce a concentration risk or to diversify a portfolio. Conversely, these derivatives may be used by the Fund to reduce exposure to an owned asset without selling it.

 

Because the Fund would not own the Reference Assets, the Fund may not have any voting rights with respect to the Reference Assets, and in such cases all decisions related to the obligors or issuers of the Reference Assets, including whether to exercise certain remedies, will be controlled by the swap counterparties.

 

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Total rate of return swaps and similar derivatives are subject to many risks, including the possibility that the market will move in a manner or direction that would have resulted in gain for the Fund had the swap or other derivative not been utilized (in which case it would have been better had the Fund not engaged in the interest rate.

 

Total rate of return swaps and related derivatives present certain legal, tax, and market uncertainties. There is currently little or no case law or litigation characterizing total rate of return swaps or related derivatives, interpreting their provisions, or characterizing their tax treatment.

 

Regulation of Certain Options, Currency Transactions and Other Derivative Transactions as Swaps or Security-Based Swaps

 

Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act, the “Derivatives Title,” includes provisions that comprehensively regulate the over-the-counter (i.e., not exchange- traded) derivatives markets for the first time. This regulation requires that certain of the options, currency transactions and other derivative transactions entered into by the Fund is regulated as swaps by the CFTC or regulated as security-based swaps by the SEC (collectively, “swaps”).

 

The SEC, other U.S. regulators, and to a lesser extent the CFTC (the “Regulators”) still are in the process of adopting regulations to implement the Derivatives Title, though certain aspects of the new regulatory structure are substantially complete. Until the Regulators complete their rulemaking efforts, the full extent to which the Derivatives Title and the rules adopted thereunder will impact the Fund is unclear. It is possible that the continued development of this new regulatory structure for swaps may jeopardize certain trades and/or trading strategies that may be employed by the Adviser, or at least make them more costly.

 

Current regulations require the mandatory central clearing and mandatory exchange trading of particular types of interest rate swaps and index credit default swaps (together, “Covered Swaps”). Together, these regulatory requirements change the Fund’s trading of Covered Swaps. With respect to mandatory central clearing, the Fund is now required to clear its Covered Swaps through a clearing broker, which requires, among other things, posting initial margin and variation margin to the Fund’s clearing broker in order to enter into and maintain positions in Covered Swaps. With respect to mandatory exchange trading, the Adviser may be required to become a participant of a new type of execution platform called a swap execution facility (“SEF”) or may be required to access the SEF through an intermediary (such as an executing broker) in order to be able to trade Covered Swaps for the Fund. In either scenario, the Adviser and/or the Fund may incur additional legal and compliance costs and transaction fees. Just as with the other regulatory changes imposed as a result of the implementation of the Derivatives Title, the increased costs and fees associated with trading Covered Swaps may jeopardize certain trades and/or trading strategies that may be employed by the Adviser, or at least make them more costly.

 

With respect to uncleared swaps, swap dealers are required to collect variation margin from the Fund and may be required to collect initial margin from the Fund. Both initial margin and variation margin may be comprised of cash and/or securities, subject to applicable haircuts. Shares of investment companies (other than certain money market funds) may not be posted as collateral under applicable regulations.

 

The cumulative effects of the Dodd-Frank Act on swap and security-based swap transactions and on participants in the derivatives market remain uncertain.

 

Limitations on the Purchase and Sale of Futures Contracts, Certain Options, and Swaps

 

Subject to the guidelines of the Board, the Fund may engage in “commodity interest” transactions (generally, transactions in futures, certain options, certain currency transactions, and certain types of swaps) only for bona fide hedging, yield enhancement and risk management purposes, in each case in accordance with the rules and regulations of the CFTC. Pursuant to Rule 4.5 under the Commodity Exchange Act, the Adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of “commodity pool operator” with respect to the Fund, and this exclusion imposes certain trading restrictions on the Fund. These trading restrictions permit the Fund to engage in commodity interest transactions that include (i) “bona fide hedging” transactions, as that term is defined and interpreted by the CFTC and its staff, without regard to the percentage of the Fund’s assets committed to margin and option premiums and (ii) non-bona fide hedging transactions, provided that the Fund not enter into such non-bona fide hedging transactions if, immediately thereafter, either (a) the sum of the amount of initial margin deposits on the Fund’s existing futures or swaps positions and option or swaption premiums would exceed 5% of the market value of the Fund’s liquidating value, after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such transactions, or (b) the aggregate net notional value of the Fund’s commodity interest transactions would not exceed 100% of the market value of the Fund’s liquidating value, after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such transactions. In addition to meeting one of the foregoing trading limitations, the Fund may not market themselves as a commodity pool or otherwise as a vehicle for trading in the futures, options or swaps markets.

 

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Investments in Warrants and Rights

 

The Fund may invest in warrants or rights (other than those acquired in units or attached to other securities) that entitle the holder to buy equity securities at a specific price for or at the end of a specific period of time. The Fund will do so only if the underlying equity securities are deemed appropriate by the Adviser for inclusion in the Fund’s portfolio.

 

Investing in rights and warrants can provide a greater potential for profit or loss than an equivalent investment in the underlying security, and thus can be a riskier investment. The value of a right or warrant may decline because of a decline in the value of the underlying security, the passage of time, changes in interest rates or in the dividend or other policies of the issuer whose equity underlies the warrant, a change in the perception as to the future price of the underlying security, or any combination thereof. Rights and warrants generally pay no dividends and confer no voting or other rights other than the right to purchase the underlying security.

 

When Issued, Delayed Delivery Securities, and Forward Commitments

 

The Fund may enter into forward commitments for the purchase or sale of securities, including on a “when issued” or “delayed delivery” basis. In such transactions, instruments are bought with payment and delivery taking place in the future in order to secure what is considered to be an advantageous yield or price at the time of the transaction. In some cases, a forward commitment may be conditioned upon the occurrence of a subsequent event, such as approval and consummation of a merger, corporate reorganization, or debt restructuring, i.e., a when, as, and if issued security. When such transactions are negotiated, the price is fixed at the time of the commitment, with payment and delivery taking place in the future, generally a month or more after the date of the commitment. While the Fund will only enter into a forward commitment with the intention of actually acquiring the security, the Fund may sell the security before the settlement date if it is deemed advisable.

 

Securities purchased under a forward commitment are subject to market fluctuation, and no interest (or dividends) accrues to the Fund prior to the settlement date. When the Fund engages in when issued, delayed delivery, or forward commitment transactions, it relies on the other party to consummate the trade. Failure of the other party to do so may result in the Fund incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price considered to be advantageous.

 

Zero Coupon Securities, Step Coupon Securities, Pay-in-Kind Securities and Discount Obligations

 

The Fund may invest in zero coupon securities, step coupon securities and pay-in-kind securities. These do not entitle the holder to any periodic payment of interest prior to maturity or that specify a future date when the securities begin to pay current interest. The Fund may also acquire certain debt securities at a discount. These discount obligations involve special risk considerations. Zero coupon securities and step coupon securities are debt obligations that are issued and traded at a discount from their face amount or par value (known as “original issue discount” or “OID”). OID varies depending on prevailing interest rates, the time remaining until cash payments begin, the liquidity of the security, and the perceived credit quality of the issuer.

 

Zero coupon securities and step coupon securities are redeemed at face value when they mature. Accrued OID must be included in the Fund’s gross income for federal tax purposes ratably each taxable year prior to the receipt of any actual payments. Pay-in-kind securities pay “interest” through the issuance of additional securities.

 

The market prices of zero coupon securities, step coupon securities, pay-in-kind securities and discount obligations generally are more volatile than the prices of securities that pay cash interest periodically. Those securities and obligations are likely to respond to changes in interest rates to a greater degree than other types of debt securities having a similar maturity and credit quality.

 

Short Sales

 

The Fund may make short sales of securities. A short sale is a transaction in which the Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline. The Fund expects to make short sales both to obtain capital gains from anticipated declines in securities and as a form of hedging to offset potential declines in long positions in the same or similar securities. The short sale of a security is considered a speculative investment technique.

 

When the Fund makes a short sale, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the broker-dealer through which it made the short sale in order to satisfy its obligation to deliver the security upon conclusion of the sale. The Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and is often obligated to pay over any payments received on such borrowed securities.

 

The Fund’s obligation to replace the borrowed security will be secured by collateral, usually cash, U.S. government securities, or other highly liquid securities. The Fund will also be required to deposit similar collateral with its custodian to the extent, if any, necessary so that the value of both collateral deposits in the aggregate is at all times equal to 100% of the current market value of the security sold

 

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short. Depending on arrangements made with the broker-dealer from which it borrowed the security regarding payment over of any payments received by the Fund on such security, the Fund may not receive any payments (including interest) on its collateral deposited with such broker-dealer.

 

If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Fund replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. Although the Fund’s gain is limited to the price at which it sold the security short, its potential loss is theoretically unlimited. Purchasing securities to close out the short position can itself cause the price of the securities to rise further, thereby exacerbating the loss. There is the risk that the securities borrowed by the Fund in connection with a short-sale must be returned to the securities lender on short notice. If a request for return of borrowed securities occurs at a time when other short-sellers of the security are receiving similar requests, a “short squeeze” can occur, and the Fund may be compelled to replace borrowed securities previously sold short with purchases on the open market at the most disadvantageous time, possibly at prices significantly in excess of the proceeds received at the time the securities were originally sold short.

 

The Fund may also make short sales “against the box” without respect to such limitations. In this type of short sale, at the time of the sale, the Fund owns or has the immediate and unconditional right to acquire at no additional cost the identical security.

 

Repurchase Agreements

 

The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with banks and non-bank dealers of U.S. government securities which are listed as reporting dealers of the Federal Reserve Bank and which furnish collateral at least equal in value or market price to the amount of their repurchase obligation. In a repurchase agreement, the Fund purchases a debt security from a seller which undertakes to repurchase the security at a specified resale price on an agreed future date. The resale price generally exceeds the purchase price by an amount which reflects an agreed-upon market interest rate for the term of the repurchase agreement.

 

The primary risk of entering into repurchase agreements is that if the seller defaults, the proceeds from the disposition of underlying securities and other collateral for the seller’s obligation would be less than the repurchase price. If the seller becomes bankrupt, the Fund might be delayed in selling the collateral. Under the 1940 Act, repurchase agreements are considered loans. Repurchase agreements usually are for short periods, such as one week or less, but could be longer. In addition, the Fund will not enter into repurchase agreements of a duration of more than seven days if, taken together with restricted securities and other securities for which there are no readily available quotations, more than 15% of its total assets would be so invested.

 

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

 

In a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund sells portfolio securities to another party and agrees to repurchase the securities at an agreed-upon price and date, which reflects an interest payment. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the other party will fail to return the securities in a timely manner, or at all, which may result in losses to the Fund. The Fund could lose money if it is unable to recover the securities and the value of the collateral held by the Fund is less than the value of the securities. These events could also trigger adverse tax consequences to the Fund. Reverse repurchase agreements also involve the risk that the market value of the securities sold will decline below the price at which the Fund is obligated to repurchase them. Reverse repurchase agreements may be viewed as a form of borrowing by the Fund. When the Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, any fluctuations in the market value of either the securities transferred to another party or the securities in which the proceeds may be invested would affect the market value of the Fund’s assets. During the term of the agreement, the Fund may also be obligated to pledge additional cash and/or securities in the event of a decline in the fair value of the transferred security. The Adviser monitors the creditworthiness of counterparties to reverse repurchase agreements.

 

Writing Covered Call Options

 

The Fund may write (sell) “covered” call options and purchase options to close out options previously written by the Fund. In writing covered call options, the Fund expects to generate additional premium income which should serve to enhance the Fund’s total return and reduce the effect of any price decline of the asset involved in the option.

 

A call option gives the holder (buyer) the “right to purchase” a security, currency, or other asset at a specified price (the exercise price) at expiration of the option (European style) or at any time until a certain date (the expiration date) (American style). So long as the obligation of the writer of a call option continues, he may be assigned an exercise notice by the broker-dealer through whom such option was sold, requiring him to deliver the underlying security or currency against payment of the exercise price. This obligation terminates upon the expiration of the call option, or such earlier time at which the writer effects a closing purchase transaction by repurchasing an option identical to that previously sold. To secure his obligation to deliver the underlying security or currency in the case of a call option, a writer is required to deposit in escrow the underlying security or currency or other assets in accordance with the rules of a clearing

 

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corporation. This means that the Fund will own at least the same quantity of the security, currency or other assets subject to the option or an option to purchase the same underlying security, currency, or other asset, having an exercise price equal to or less than the exercise price of the “covered” option, or will establish and maintain with its custodian for the term of the option an account consisting of cash or liquid securities having a value equal to the fluctuating market value of the optioned assets.

 

Portfolio assets on which call options may be written will be purchased solely on the basis of investment considerations consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. Writing covered call options may be used by the Fund to reduce its exposure to securities it does not wish to sell at the time it writes the option. When writing a covered call option, the Fund, in return for the premium, gives up the opportunity for profit from a price increase in the underlying asset above the exercise price, retains the risk of loss should the price decline, and also gives up, to some degree, control over the timing of sale of the underlying assets. If a call option which the Fund has written expires, the Fund will realize a gain in the amount of the premium; however, such gain may be offset by a decline in the market value of the underlying asset during the option period. If the call option is exercised, the Fund will realize a gain or loss from the sale of the underlying asset. The Fund does not consider an asset covering a call to be “pledged” as that term is used in the Fund’s policy which limits the pledging or mortgaging of its assets.

 

Closing transactions will be effected in order to realize a profit on an outstanding call option, to prevent an underlying asset from being called, or to permit the sale of the underlying asset. Furthermore, effecting a closing transaction will permit the Fund to write another call option on the underlying asset with either a different exercise price or expiration date or both. The Fund will be unable to control losses or effect such strategies through closing transactions where a liquid secondary market for options on such assets does not exist. If the Fund desires to sell a particular asset from its portfolio on which it has written a call option, or purchased a put option, it will seek to effect a closing transaction prior to, or concurrently with, the sale of the asset. If the Fund cannot enter into such a transaction, it may be required to hold an asset that it might otherwise have sold. There is, of course, no assurance that the Fund will be able to effect such closing transactions at a favorable price.

 

Call options written by the Fund will normally have expiration dates of less than nine months from the date written. The exercise price of the options may be below, equal to, or above the current market values of the underlying securities or currencies at the time the options are written. From time to time, the Fund may purchase an underlying asset for delivery in accordance with an exercise notice of a call option assigned to it, rather than delivering such asset from its portfolio. In such cases, additional costs may be incurred.

 

The Fund will realize a profit or loss from a closing purchase transaction if the cost of the transaction is less or more than the premium received from the writing of the option. Because increases in the market price of a call option will generally reflect increases in the market price of the underlying asset, any loss resulting from the repurchase of a call option is likely to be offset in whole or in part by appreciation of the underlying asset owned by the Fund. However, gains and losses on investments in options depend in part on the Adviser’s ability to predict correctly the direction of stock prices, interest rates, and other economic factors. Options may fail as hedging techniques in cases where the price movements of the securities underlying the options do not follow the price movements of the portfolio securities subject to the hedge.

 

Writing Uncovered Call Options

 

The Fund may be authorized to write, (i.e., sell) uncovered call options on securities or instruments in which it may invest but that are not currently held by the Fund. The principal reason for writing uncovered call options is to realize income without committing capital to the ownership of the underlying securities or instruments. When writing uncovered call options, the Fund must deposit and maintain sufficient margin with the broker-dealer through which it made the uncovered call option as collateral to ensure that the securities can be purchased for delivery if and when the option is exercised. During periods of declining securities prices or when prices are stable, writing uncovered calls can be a profitable strategy to increase the Fund’s income with minimal capital risk. Uncovered calls are riskier than covered calls because there is no underlying security held by the Fund that can act as a partial hedge. Uncovered calls have speculative characteristics and the potential for loss is unlimited. When an uncovered call is exercised, the Fund must purchase the underlying security to meet its call obligation. There is also a risk, especially with less liquid preferred and debt securities, that the securities may not be available for purchase. If the purchase price exceeds the exercise price, the Fund will lose the difference.

 

Purchasing Put Options

 

The Fund may purchase put options in securities, currencies, or other assets owned by the Fund or on options to purchase the same underlying security, currency, or other assets, having an exercise price equal to or less than the exercise price of the put option. As the holder of a put option, the Fund would have the right to sell the underlying asset at the exercise price at any time during the option period or at the expiration of the option. The Fund may enter into closing sale transactions with respect to such options, exercise them, or permit them to expire. The Fund may purchase put options for defensive purposes in order to protect against an anticipated decline in the value of its assets. An example of such use of put options is provided below.

 

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The Fund may purchase a put option on an underlying asset owned by the Fund (a “protective put”) but does not wish to sell at that time as a defensive technique in order to protect against an anticipated decline in the value of the asset. Such hedge protection is provided only during the life of the put option when the Fund, as the holder of the put option, is able to sell the underlying asset at the put exercise price regardless of any decline in the underlying asset’s value. For example, a put option may be purchased in order to protect unrealized appreciation of an asset where the Adviser deems it desirable to continue to hold the asset because of tax considerations. The premium paid for the put option and any transaction costs would reduce any capital gain otherwise available for distribution when the asset is eventually sold.

 

Purchase and Sale of Options and Futures Contracts on Stock Indices

 

The Fund may purchase put and call options and write put and call options on stock indices as a hedge against movements in the equity markets or for speculative purposes. The Fund may also purchase and sell stock index futures contracts as a hedge against movements in the equity markets or for speculative purposes.

 

Options on stock indices are similar to options on specific securities except that, rather than the right to take or make delivery of the specific security at a specific price, an option on a stock index ordinarily gives the holder the right to receive, upon exercise of the option, an amount of cash if the closing level of that stock index is greater than, in the case of a call, or less than, in the case of a put, the exercise price of the option. This amount of cash is equal to such difference between the closing price of the index and the exercise price of the option expressed in dollars times a specified multiple. The writer of the option is obligated, in return for the premium received, to make delivery of this amount. Unlike options on specific securities, all settlements of options on stock indices are in cash and gain or loss depends on general movements in stock included in the index rather than price movements in particular stocks. As indicated above, the purchase of an option entails a risk of loss of the entire investment because an option may become worthless upon expiration.

 

A stock index futures contract is an agreement in which one party agrees to deliver to the other an amount of cash equal to a specific amount times the difference between the value of a specific stock index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the agreement is made. No physical delivery of securities is made.

 

If the Adviser expects general stock market prices to rise, it might cause the Fund to purchase a call option on a stock index or a futures contract on that index as a hedge against an increase in prices of particular equity securities it ultimately wants to buy. If in fact the stock index does rise, the price of the particular equity securities intended to be purchased may also increase, but that increase would be offset in part by the increase in the value of the Fund’s index option or futures contract resulting from the increase in the index. If, on the other hand, the Adviser expects general stock market prices to decline, it might cause the Fund to purchase a put option or sell a futures contract on the index. If that index does in fact decline, the value of some or all of the equity securities in the Fund’s portfolio may also be expected to decline, but that decrease would be offset in part by the increase in the value of the Fund’s position in such put option or futures contract.

 

Alternatively, the Fund may purchase a call or a put option (or buy or sell a futures contract) on a stock index in lieu of an actual investment in, or disposition of, particular equity securities if it expects an increase or a decrease, as the case may be, in general stock market prices.

 

Swap Contracts

 

The Fund may invest in swap contracts, which are derivatives in the form of a contract or other similar instrument, which is an agreement to exchange the return generated by one instrument for the return generated by another instrument. The payment streams are calculated by reference to a specified index and agreed upon notional amount. The term “specified index” includes, but is not limited to, currencies, fixed interest rates, prices and total return on interest rate indices, fixed income indices, stock indices, and commodity indices (as well as amounts derived from arithmetic operations on these indices). For example, the Fund may agree to swap the return generated by a fixed income index for the return generated by a second fixed income index. The currency swaps in which the Fund may enter will generally involve an agreement to pay interest streams in one currency based on a specified index in exchange for receiving interest streams denominated in another currency. Such swaps may involve initial and final exchanges that correspond to the agreed upon notional amount.

 

The Fund will usually enter into swaps on a net basis, i.e., the two payment streams are netted out in a cash settlement on the payment date or dates specified in the instrument, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. The Fund’s obligations under a swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owing to the Fund) and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed to a swap counterparty will be covered by segregating, either on the Adviser’s records or with the Fund’s custodian, cash or other liquid assets, to avoid any potential leveraging of the Fund. To the extent that the net amounts owed to a swap counterparty are covered with such liquid assets, the Adviser believes such obligations do not constitute “senior securities” under the 1940 Act and, accordingly, the Adviser will not treat them as being subject to the Fund’s borrowing restrictions. The Fund may enter

 

24

 

 

into OTC swap transactions with counterparties that are approved by the Adviser in accordance with guidelines established by the Board. These guidelines provide for a minimum credit rating for each counterparty and various credit enhancement techniques (for example, collateralization of amounts due from counterparties) to limit exposure to counterparties that have lower credit ratings.

 

The swaps in which the Fund may engage may include instruments under which one party pays a single or periodic fixed amount(s) (or premium), and the other party pays periodic amounts based on the movement of a specified index. Swaps do not involve the delivery of securities, other underlying assets, or principal. Accordingly, the risk of loss with respect to swaps is limited to the net amount of payments the Fund is contractually obligated to make. If the other party to a swap defaults, the Fund’s risk of loss consists of the net amount of payments that the Fund contractually is entitled to receive. Currency swaps usually involve the delivery of the entire principal value of one designated currency in exchange for the other designated currency. Therefore, the entire principal value of a currency swap is subject to the risk that the other party to the swap will default on its contractual delivery obligations. If there is a default by the counterparty, the Fund may have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. The swap market has grown substantially in recent years with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as principals and as agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a result, the swap market has become relatively liquid. Certain swap transactions involve more recent innovations for which standardized documentation has not yet been fully developed and, accordingly, they are less liquid than traditional swap transactions.

 

The use of swaps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. If the Adviser is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates, and currency exchange rates, the investment performance of the Fund would be less favorable than it would have been if this investment technique were not used. See “Limitations on the Purchase and Sale of Futures Contracts, Certain Options and Swaps.”

 

The Fund may enter into total rate of return, credit default, or other types of swaps and related derivatives for various purposes, including gaining economic exposure to an asset or group of assets that may be difficult or impractical to acquire or for hedging and risk management. These transactions generally provide for the transfer from one party to another of certain risks inherent in the ownership of a financial asset such as a common stock or debt instrument. Such risks include, among other things, the risk of default and insolvency of the obligor of such asset, the risk that the credit of the obligor or the underlying collateral will decline, or the risk that the common stock of the underlying issuer will decline in value. The transfer of risk pursuant to a derivative of this type may be complete or partial, and may be for the life of the related asset or for a shorter period. These derivatives may be used as a risk management tool for a pool of financial assets, providing the Fund with the opportunity to gain or reduce exposure to one or more reference securities or other financial assets (each, a “Reference Asset”) without actually owning or selling such assets in order, for example, to increase or reduce a concentration risk or to diversify a portfolio. Conversely, these derivatives may be used by the Fund to reduce exposure to an owned asset without selling it.

 

Because the Fund may not own a particular Reference Asset, the Fund may not have any voting rights with respect to such Reference Asset, and in such cases all decisions related to the obligors or issuers of such Reference Asset, including whether to exercise certain remedies, will be controlled by the swap counterparties.

 

Total rate of return swaps and similar derivatives are subject to many risks, including the possibility that the market will move in a manner or direction that would have resulted in a gain for the Fund had the swap or other derivative not been utilized (in which case it would have been better had the Fund not engaged in the transactions), nearly unlimited exposure to changes in the value of the Reference Assets, total loss to the Fund of the entire notional amount of the swap, the risk of imperfect correlation between the risk sought to be hedged and the derivative transactions utilized, the possible inability of the counterparty to fulfill its obligations under the swap, and potential illiquidity of the instrument utilized, which may make it difficult for the Fund to close out or unwind one or more transactions.

 

Total rate of return swaps and related derivatives are a relatively recent development in the financial markets. Consequently, there are certain legal, tax, and market uncertainties that present risks in entering into such arrangements. There is currently little or no case law or litigation characterizing total rate of return swaps or related derivatives, interpreting their provisions, or characterizing their tax treatment. In addition, additional regulations and laws may apply to these types of derivatives that have not previously been applied. There can be no assurance that future decisions construing similar provisions to those in any swap agreement or other related documents or additional regulations and laws will not have an adverse effect on the Fund that utilizes these instruments. The Fund will monitor these risks and seek to utilize these instruments in a manner that does not lead to undue risk regarding the tax or other structural elements of the Fund. The Fund will not invest in these types of instruments if the Reference Assets are commodities except for bona fide hedging or risk management purposes. The Fund only will enter into swaps that are regulated by the CFTC if in doing so the Fund will continue to satisfy the restrictions imposed by the CFTC under Rule 4.5.

 

Interest Rate Futures Contracts and Options Thereon

 

The Fund may purchase or sell interest rate futures contracts to take advantage of or to protect the Fund against fluctuations in interest rates affecting the value of debt securities which the Fund holds or intends to acquire. For example, if interest rates are expected to

 

25

 

 

increase, the Fund might sell futures contracts on debt securities, the values of which historically have a high degree of positive correlation to the values of the Fund’s portfolio securities. Such a sale would have an effect similar to selling an equivalent value of the Fund’s portfolio securities. If interest rates increase, the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities will decline, but the value of the futures contracts to the Fund will increase at approximately an equivalent rate thereby keeping the net asset value of the Fund from declining as much as it otherwise would have. The Fund could accomplish similar results by selling debt securities with longer maturities and investing in debt securities with shorter maturities when interest rates are expected to increase. However, since the futures market may be more liquid than the cash market, the use of futures contracts as a risk management technique allows the Fund to maintain a defensive position without having to sell its portfolio securities.

 

Similarly, the Fund may purchase interest rate futures contracts when it is expected that interest rates may decline. The purchase of futures contracts for this purpose constitutes a hedge against increases in the price of debt securities (caused by declining interest rates) which the Fund intends to acquire. Since fluctuations in the value of appropriately selected futures contracts should approximate that of the debt securities that will be purchased, the Fund can take advantage of the anticipated rise in the cost of the debt securities without actually buying them. Subsequently, the Fund can make its intended purchase of the debt securities in the cash market and liquidate its futures position.

 

The purchase of a call option on a futures contract is similar in some respects to the purchase of a call option on an individual security. Depending on the pricing of the option compared to either the price of the futures contract upon which it is based or the price of the underlying debt securities, it may or may not be less risky than ownership of the futures contract or underlying debt securities. As with the purchase of futures contracts, when the Fund is not fully invested it may purchase a call option on a futures contract to hedge against a market advance due to declining interest rates.

 

The purchase of a put option on a futures contract is similar to the purchase of protective put options on portfolio securities. The Fund will purchase a put option on a futures contract to hedge the Fund’s portfolio against the risk of rising interest rates and consequent reduction in the value of portfolio securities.

 

The writing of a call option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against declining prices of the securities which are deliverable upon exercise of the futures contract. If the futures price at expiration of the option is below the exercise price, the Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium which provides a partial hedge against any decline that may have occurred in the Fund’s portfolio holdings. The writing of a put option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against increasing prices of the securities that are deliverable upon exercise of the futures contract. If the futures price at expiration of the option is higher than the exercise price, the Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium, which provides a partial hedge against any increase in the price of debt securities the Fund intends to purchase. If a put or call option the Fund has written is exercised, the Fund will incur a loss which will be reduced by the amount of the premium it received. Depending on the degree of correlation between changes in the value of its portfolio securities and changes in the value of its futures positions, the Fund’s losses from options on futures it has written may to some extent be reduced or increased by changes in the value of its portfolio securities.

 

INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

 

The investment objectives of the Fund, and the following investment restrictions, are fundamental and may not be changed without the approval of a majority of the applicable Fund’s shareholders defined in the 1940 Act as the lesser of (1) 67% of the Fund’s shares present at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares are represented in person or by proxy, or (2) more than 50% of the Fund’s outstanding shares. All other investment policies or practices are considered not to be fundamental and accordingly may be changed without shareholder approval. If a percentage restriction on investment or use of assets set forth below is adhered to at the time a transaction is effected, later changes in percentage resulting from changing market values or total assets of the Fund will not be considered a deviation from policy. The below investment restrictions on borrowing apply on a continuous basis.

 

High Income Fund

 

Under such restrictions, the High Income Fund may not:

 

1. Borrow money or issue senior securities, except through reverse repurchase agreements or otherwise as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified, or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority;

 

2. Purchase or sell physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments. This limitation shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing, selling, or entering into futures contracts, or acquiring securities or other instruments and options thereon backed by, or related to, physical commodities;

 

26

 

 

3. Make loans of money or property to any person, except through loans of portfolio securities, the purchase of fixed income securities, or the acquisition of securities subject to repurchase agreements;

 

4. Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments. This limitation shall not prevent the Fund from investing in securities or other instruments backed by real estate or securities issued by any company engaged in the real estate business;

 

5. Underwrite the securities of other issuers, except to the extent that in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities or the sale of its own shares the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter;

 

6. Pledge, hypothecate, mortgage, or otherwise encumber its assets, except to secure permitted borrowings. Initial and variation margin for futures and options contracts will not be deemed to be a pledge of the Fund’s assets; or

 

7. Invest 25% or more of its total assets, taken at market value at the time of each investment, in the securities of issuers in any particular industry or group of industries. This restriction does not apply to investments in U.S. government securities.

 

There will be no violation of any investment restriction if that restriction is complied with at the time the relevant action is taken notwithstanding a later change in the market value of an investment, in the net or total assets of the Fund, in the securities rating of the investment, or any other later change.

 

Additionally, the Adviser, with respect to the Fund, has claimed an exclusion from the definition of “commodity pool operator” under CFTC Rule 4.5 to avoid registration with the CFTC. This exclusion imposes certain trading restrictions on the Fund. These trading restrictions permit the Fund to engage in “commodity interest transactions” (collectively, futures contracts, certain option contracts, certain currency transactions and certain swaps) that include (i) “bona fide hedging” transactions, as that term is defined and interpreted by the CFTC and its staff, without regard to the percentage of the Fund’s assets committed to margin and option premiums and (ii) non-bona fide hedging transactions, provided that the Fund not enter into such non-bona fide hedging transactions if, immediately thereafter, either (a) the sum of the amount of initial margin deposits on the Fund’s existing futures or swaps positions and option or swaption premiums would exceed 5% of the market value of the Fund’s liquidating value, after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such transactions, or (b) the aggregate net notional value of the Fund’s commodity interest transactions would not exceed 100% of the market value of the Fund’s liquidating value, after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such transactions. In addition to meeting one of the foregoing trading limitations, the Fund may not market itself as a commodity pool or otherwise as a vehicle for trading in the future, options or swaps markets.

 

PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION

 

On each business day, before the commencement of trading in its shares on the Listing Exchange, the Fund will disclose on www.gabelli.com/funds/etfs (click on the name of the Fund) the following information for each of its portfolio holdings that will form the basis of its next NAV calculation: (i) ticker symbol, (ii) CUSIP or other identifier, (iii) description of the holding, (iv) quantity of each security or other asset held, and (v) percentage weight of the holding in the portfolio. The Adviser and the Fund will not disclose information concerning the identities and quantities of the portfolio securities held by the Fund before such information is publicly disclosed. Personnel of such entities with knowledge of the Fund’s portfolio holdings will be prohibited from disclosing such information to any other person, except as authorized in the course of their employment, until such information is made public. The Trust has executed confidentiality agreements with its service providers who are provided information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings. These agreements include a prohibition on trading while the service provider is in possession of confidential information.

 

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

 

Under Delaware law, the Company’s Board is responsible for establishing the Fund’s policies and for overseeing the management of the Fund. The Board also elects the Company’s officers who conduct the daily business of the Fund. Information pertaining to the Trustees and Executive Officers of the Company is as follows:

 

27

 

 

Name, Position(s), Address
Year of Birth
(1)

 

Term of
Office And
Length of
Time Served
(2)

 

Number of
Funds in Fund
Complex
Overseen by

Trustee(3)

 

Principal Occupation(s)
During Past Five Years

 

Other Directorships

During the Past Five Years(4)

                 
interested TRUSTEES(5):
                 

Christopher J. Marangi

Trustee

1974

  Since 2021   6   Managing Director and Co-Chief Investment Officer of the Value team of GAMCO Investors, Inc.; Portfolio Manager for Gabelli Funds, LLC and GAMCO Asset Management Inc.   -
                 

Agnes Mullady

Trustee

1958

  Since 2021   14   Senior Vice President of GAMCO Investors, Inc. (2008-2019); Executive Vice President of Associated Capital Group, Inc. (November 2016-2019); President and Chief Operating Officer of the Fund Division of Gabelli Funds, LLC (2010-2019); Vice President of Gabelli Funds, LLC (2006-2019); Chief Executive Officer of G.distributors, LLC (2011-2019); and an officer of all of the Gabelli/Teton Funds (2006-2019).   -
                 

independent TRUSTEES(6):

                 

John Birch(7)

Trustee

1950

  Since 2021   10   Partner, The Cardinal Partners Global; Chief Operating Officer of Sentinel Asset Management and Chief Financial Officer and Chief Risk Officer of Sentinel Group Funds (2005-2015).   -
                 

Anthony S. Colavita

Trustee

1961

  Since 2021   23   Attorney, Anthony S. Colavita, P.C.; Supervisor, Town of Eastchester, NY.   -
                 

Michael J. Ferrantino

Trustee

1971

  Since 2021   7   Chief Executive Officer of InterEx Inc.   President, CEO, and Director of LGL Group; Director of LGL Systems Acquisition Corp. (Aerospace and Defense Communications)

 

28

 

 

Name, Position(s), Address
Year of Birth
(1)

 

Term of
Office And
Length of
Time Served
(2)

 

Number of
Funds in Fund
Complex
Overseen by

Trustee(3)

 

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past Five Years

 

Other Directorships

During the Past Five Years(4)

                 

Leslie F. Foley(7)

Trustee

1968

  Since 2021   16   Attorney; Serves on the Boards of the Addison Gallery of American Art at Phillips Academy Andover; Vice President, Global Ethics & Compliance and Associate General Counsel for News Corporation (2008-2010).   -
                 

Michael Melarkey

Trustee

1949

  Since 2021   24   Of Counsel in the law firm of McDonald Carano Wilson LLP; Partner in the law firm of Avansino, Melarkey, Knobel, Mulligan & McKenzie (1980-2015).   Chairman of Southwest Gas Corporation (natural gas utility).
                 

Salvatore J. Zizza(7)

Trustee

1945

  Since 2021   35   President, Zizza & Associates Corp. (private holding company); Chairman of Bergen Cove Realty Inc. (residential real estate).   Director and Chairman of Trans-Lux Corporation (business services); Director and Chairman of Harbor Diversified Inc. (pharmaceuticals) (2009-2018); Retired Chairman of BAM (semiconductor and aerospace manufacturing); Director of Bion Environmental Technologies, Inc.

 

Name, Position(s), Address(1)
Year of Birth
  Term of
Office And
Length of
Time Served
(2)
  Principal Occupation(s)
During Past Five Years
 
OFFICERS:
         

John C. Ball

President, Treasurer, Principal Executive Financial & Accounting Officer

1976

  President since 2020;
Treasurer since 2023
  Senior Vice President (since 2018) and other positions (2017-2018) of GAMCO Investors, Inc.; Chief Executive Officer, G. Distributors, LLC since 2020; Officer of registered investment companies within the Gabelli Fund Complex since 2017
         

Peter Goldstein

Secretary and Vice President

1953

  Since 2020   General Counsel, GAMCO Investors, Inc. and Chief Legal Officer, Associated Capital Group, Inc. since 2021; General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer, Buckingham Capital Management, Inc. (2012-2020); Chief Legal Officer and Chief Compliance Officer, The Buckingham Research Group, Inc. (2012-2020)
         

Richard J. Walz

Chief Compliance Officer

1959

  Since 2020   Chief Compliance Officer of registered investment companies within the Gabelli Fund Complex since 2013

 

 
(1) Address: One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580-1422.
(2) Each Trustee will hold office for an indefinite term until the earliest of (i) the next meeting of shareholders if any, called for the purpose of considering the election or re-election of such Trustee and until the election and qualification of his or her successor, if any, elected at such meeting, or (ii) the date a Trustee resigns or retires, or a Trustee is removed by the Board or shareholders, in accordance with the Company By-Laws and Declaration of Trust. For officers, includes time served in prior officer positions with the Trust. Each officer will hold office for an indefinite term or until the date he or she resigns or retires or until his or her successor is elected and qualified.
(3) The “Fund Complex” or the “Gabelli Fund Complex” includes all the U.S. registered investment companies that are considered part of the same Fund complex as the Fund because they have common or affiliated investment advisers. This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), i.e. public companies, or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act.

 

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(4) This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the 1934 Act, i.e. public companies, or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act.
(5) “Interested person” of the Trust, as defined in the 1940 Act. Mr. Christopher J. Marangi is considered to be an “interested person” because of his affiliation with the Trust’s Adviser. Ms. Mullady is considered to be an “interested person” of the Trust because of her direct or indirect beneficial interest in the Trust’s Adviser and due to a previous business or professional relationship with the Trust and the Adviser.
(6) Trustees who are not considered to be “interested persons” of the Fund as defined in the 1940 Act are considered to be Independent Trustees.
(7) Ms. Foley’s father, Frank J. Fahrenkopf, Jr., serves as a director of other funds in the Gabelli Fund Complex. Mr. Zizza is an independent director of Gabelli International Ltd., and Mr. Birch is a director of Gabelli Merger Plus+ Trust Plc, GAMCO International SICAV, Gabelli Associates Limited, and Gabelli Associates Limited IIE, all of which may be deemed to be controlled by Mario J. Gabelli and/or affiliates and in that event would be deemed to be under common control with the Fund’s Adviser.

 

The Board believes that each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of other Trustees lead to the conclusion that each Trustee should serve in such capacity. Among the attributes or skills common to all Trustees are their ability to review critically and to evaluate, question, and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with the other Trustees, the Adviser, the sub-administrator, other service providers, counsel and the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, and to exercise effective and independent business judgment in the performance of their duties as Trustees. Each Trustee’s ability to perform his or her duties effectively has been attained in large part through the Trustee’s business, consulting or public service positions and through experience from service as a member of the Board and one or more of the other funds in the Gabelli Fund Complex (the “Fund Complex”), public companies, non-profit entities, or other organizations as set forth above and below. Each Trustee’s ability to perform his or her duties effectively also has been enhanced by education, professional training, and experience.

 

Interested Trustees:

 

Christopher J. Marangi. Mr. Marangi is a Managing Director and Co-Chief Investment Officer of the Value team of GAMI. In addition to the Fund, he is a portfolio manager on GAMCO’s institutional and high net worth separate accounts team and for several other open- and closed-end funds in the Fund Complex. He joined GAMI in 2003 as a research analyst covering companies in the cable, satellite, and entertainment sectors. He began his career as an investment banking analyst with J.P. Morgan & Company and later joined the private equity firm, Wellspring Capital Management. Mr. Marangi serves as President of the Resurrection School Foundation. Mr. Marangi graduated magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa with a Bachelor’s degree in Political Economy from Williams College and holds an M.B.A. with honors from the Columbia Business School.

 

Agnes Mullady. Ms. Mullady was an officer of registered investment companies within the Fund Complex from 2006 until 2019, President and Chief Operation Officer of the Fund Division of Gabelli Funds, LLC from 2010 until 2019, Chief Executive Officer of G.distributors, LLC from 2011 until 2019, Senior Vice President of GAMCO Investors, Inc. (“GAMI”) from 2009 until 2019, Vice President of Gabelli Funds, LLC from 2006 until 2019, and Executive Vice President of Associated Capital Group, Inc. from 2016 until 2019. She serves on the boards of other funds in the Fund Complex. Prior to joining GAMI in December 2005, Ms. Mullady was a Senior Vice President at U.S. Trust Company and Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer of the Excelsior Funds from 2004 through 2005. Ms. Mullady received her M.B.A. degree in Finance from New York Institute of Technology and her B.A. in Accounting from Queens College.

 

Independent Trustees:

 

John Birch. Mr. Birch is a Partner of The Cardinal Partners Global, a strategic advisory firm, providing strategic advice and distribution support to international investment managers. He is a member of the Trust’s Audit Committee and serves on the boards of other funds in the Fund Complex. He is also a director and the Chairman of the GAMCO International SICAV and director and the Co-Chairman of the Gabelli Merger Plus+ Trust Plc. From 2005 to 2015, Mr. Birch served as the Chief Operating Officer of Sentinel Asset Management and Chief Financial Officer, and Chief Risk Officer of the Sentinel Group Funds. His other experience includes Vice President of Transfer Agency at State Street Bank in Luxembourg; Chief Operating Officer and Senior Vice President of American Skandia Investment Services, Inc.; Chief Operating Officer and Executive Vice President (Partner) of International Fund Administration, Inc.; Chief Administrative Officer and Senior Vice President-Mutual Funds Division and Managing Director of Gabelli Funds, Inc.; and senior roles at Kansallis Banking Group and Privatbanken A/S. Mr. Birch received his Master of Tax from Metropolitan University College (Copenhagen) and attended the Program for Management Development at the Harvard Graduate School of Business.

 

Anthony S. Colavita, Esq. Mr. Colavita has been a practicing attorney with Anthony S. Colavita, P.C. since February 1988. He serves as the Lead Independent Trustee of the Fund, is Chairman of the Trust’s Audit and Nominating Committees, and a member of the ad hoc Proxy Voting Committee. Mr. Colavita also serves on comparable or other board committees with respect to other funds in the Fund Complex on whose boards he sits. Mr. Colavita has been Town Supervisor of the Town of Eastchester, New York since January 2004, with responsibilities for the review, adoption, and administration of a $35 million budget. he has also served as a board member for

 

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multiple not-for-profit corporations and was previously counsel to the New York State Senate. Additionally, Mr. Colavita was an Eastchester Town Councilman from 1998 to 2003. He has been active on the boards of several community based programs. Mr. Colavita received his Bachelor of Arts from Colgate University and his Juris Doctor from Pace University School of Law.

 

Michael J. Ferrantino. Mr. Ferrantino is the Chief Executive Officer of InterEx Inc., a full-service exhibit company that specializes in the design, fabrication, management and service of custom exhibit spaces for the trade show retail and museum markets. He is a member of the Trust’s Nominating Committee. Mr. Ferrantino also serves on comparable or other board committees with respect to other funds in the Fund Complex on whose boards he sits. Mr. Ferrantino is a President, CEO, and director of The LGL Group, Inc., a diversified manufacturing company, and director of LGL Systems Acquisition Corp. He previously served as the Chief Executive Officer and a director of Valpey Fisher Corp., which was sold to CTS Corp. in 2012. He received a Bachelor’s degree in Materials Engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and an M.B.A. from Loyola College, Baltimore.

 

Leslie F. Foley. Ms. Foley is an attorney currently serving on the Boards of the Addison Gallery of American Art at Phillips Academy Andover. She is a member of the Trust’s Nominating Committee. She serves on the boards of other funds in the Fund Complex. Ms. Foley was previously Vice President, Global Ethics & Compliance and Associate General Counsel for News Corporation. She also served in the White House Counsel’s Office as Associate Counsel to President George W. Bush. Earlier in her career, Ms. Foley served as Counsel for O’Melveny and Myers LLP; Managing Director of Fixed Income Legal at Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc.; associate at Dewey Ballantine LLP; and law clerk to Judge Diarmuid F. O’Scannlain of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. She graduated from Yale University magna cum laude and from the University of Virginia School of Law where she was an editor of the Virginia Law Review.

 

Michael J. Melarkey, Esq. Mr. Melarkey, after more than forty years of experience as an attorney specializing in business, estate planning, and gaming regulatory work, retired from the active practice of law and is of counsel to the firm of McDonald Carano and Wilson in Reno, Nevada. He is a member of the Trust’s ad hoc Proxy Voting Committee. He serves on comparable or other board committees with respect to other funds in the Fund Complex on whose boards he sits. He was Chairman of the Board of Southwest Gas Corporation and served on its Nominating, Corporate Governance, and Compensation Committees. Mr. Melarkey acts as a trustee and officer for several private charitable organizations including as a trustee of The Bretzlaff Foundation and Edwin L. Wiegand Trust. He is an officer of a private oil and gas company. Mr. Melarkey received his Bachelor’s degree from the University of Nevada, Reno, Juris Doctor from the University of San Francisco School of Law and Masters of Law in Taxation from New York University School of Law.

 

Salvatore J. Zizza. Mr. Zizza is the President of Zizza & Associates Corp., a private holding company that invests in various industries. He serves or has served as Chairman to other companies involved in manufacturing, recycling, real estate, technology, and pharmaceuticals. He is the Chairman of the Trust’s ad hoc Proxy Voting Committee and is a member of the Audit Committee. Mr. Zizza serves on comparable or other board committees with respect to other funds in the Fund Complex on whose boards he sits. In addition to serving on the boards of other funds in the Fund Complex, he is currently and has previously been a director of other public companies. He was also the President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Financial Officer of a large NYSE-listed construction company. Mr. Zizza received his Bachelor’s degree and M.B.A. in Finance from St. John’s University, which awarded him an Honorary Doctorate in Commercial Sciences.

 

Trustees - Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities

 

Overall responsibility for general oversight of the Fund rests with the Board. The Board has appointed Anthony S. Colavita as the Lead Independent Trustee. The Lead Independent Trustee presides over executive sessions of the Trustees and also serves between meetings of the Board as a liaison with service providers, officers, counsel, and other Trustees on a wide variety of matters including scheduling agenda items for Board meetings. Designation as such does not impose on the Lead Independent Trustee any obligations or standards greater than or different from other Trustees. The Board has established a Nominating Committee and an Audit Committee to assist the Board in the oversight of the management and affairs of the Fund. The Board also has an ad hoc Proxy Voting Committee. Each of the Nominating, Audit, and ad hoc Proxy Voting Committees are entirely comprised of Independent Trustees. From time to time the Board establishes additional committees or informal working groups to deal with specific matters or assigns one of its members to work with trustees or directors of other funds in the Fund Complex on special committees or working groups that deal with complex-wide matters, such as the multi-Fund ad hoc Compensation Committee relating to compensation of the Chief Compliance Officer for all the funds in the Fund Complex. (The Fund Complex also has a separate multi-Fund Compensation Committee relating to certain officers of the closed-end funds in the Fund Complex, and some of the Fund’s Trustees may from time to time also serve on this separate committee.)

 

All of the Fund’s Trustees, other than Mr. Marangi and Ms. Mullady, are Independent Trustees, and the Board believes they are able to provide effective oversight of the Fund’s service providers. In addition to providing feedback and direction during Board meetings, the Trustees meet regularly in executive session and chair all committees of the Board.

 

The Fund’s operations entail a variety of risks, including investment, administration, valuation, and a range of compliance matters. Although the Adviser, the sub-administrator and the officers of the Fund are responsible for managing these risks on a day to day basis

 

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within the framework of their established risk management functions, the Board also addresses risk management of the Fund through its meetings and those of the committees and working groups. In particular, as part of its general oversight, the Board reviews with the Adviser at Board meetings the levels and types of risks being undertaken by the Fund, and the Audit Committee discusses the Fund’s risk management and controls with the independent registered public accounting firm engaged by the Fund. The Board reviews valuation policies and procedures and the valuations of specific illiquid securities. The Board also receives periodic reports from the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer regarding compliance matters relating to the Fund and its major service providers, including results of the implementation and testing of the Fund’s and such providers’ compliance programs. The Board’s oversight function is facilitated by management reporting processes that are designed to provide information to the Board about the identification, assessment and management of critical risks and the controls and policies and procedures used to mitigate those risks. The Board reviews its role in supervising the Fund’s risk management from time to time and may make changes in its discretion at any time.

 

The Board has determined that its leadership structure is appropriate for the Fund because it enables the Board to exercise informed and independent judgment over matters under its purview, allocates responsibility among committees in a manner that fosters effective oversight, and allows the Board to devote appropriate resources to specific issues in a flexible manner as they arise. The Board periodically reviews its leadership structure as well as its overall structure, composition, and functioning and may make changes in its discretion at any time.

 

Standing Board Committees

 

The Board has established two standing committees in connection with its governance of the Trust: the Audit and Nominating Committees, and has also established an ad hoc Proxy Voting Committee. The Trust does not have a standing Compensation Committee (although some of the individuals who are Trustees of the Fund participate in multi-fund ad hoc Compensation Committees described above).

 

The Trust’s Audit Committee consists of three members: Anthony S. Colavita (Chairman), John Birch, and Salvatore J. Zizza, who are Independent Trustees of the Trust. The Audit Committee operates pursuant to a Charter that was most recently reviewed and approved by the Board on February 12, 2024. As set forth in the Charter, the function of the Audit Committee is oversight; it is managements’ responsibility to maintain appropriate systems for accounting and internal control and it is the independent registered public accounting firm’s responsibility to plan and carry out a proper audit. The Audit Committee is generally responsible for reviewing and evaluating issues related to the accounting and financial reporting policies and practices of the Trust, its internal controls, and, as appropriate, the internal controls of certain service providers, overseeing the quality and objectivity of the Fund’s financial statements and the audit thereof, and to act as a liaison between the Board and the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, the Audit Committee met twice.

 

The Trust’s Nominating Committee consists of three members: Anthony S. Colavita (Chairman), Leslie F. Foley, and Michael J. Ferrantino, who are Independent Trustees of the Trust. The Nominating Committee is responsible for selecting and recommending qualified candidates to the full Board in the event that a position is vacated or created. The Nominating Committee would consider, under procedures adopted by the Board, recommendations by shareholders if a vacancy were to exist. Such recommendations should be forwarded to the Secretary of the Trust. The Nominating Committee did not meet during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

 

The Trust’s ad hoc Proxy Voting Committee consists of three members: Salvatore J. Zizza (Chairman), Anthony S. Colavita, and Michael Melarkey, who are Independent Trustees of the Trust. Under certain circumstances and pursuant to specific procedures and guidelines, the ad hoc Proxy Voting Committee will, in place of the Trust’s Adviser, exercise complete control and discretion over the exercise of all rights to vote or consent with respect to certain securities owned by the Trust and may also determine to exercise complete control and discretion over the disposition of such securities. The ad hoc Proxy Voting Committee meets periodically on an as-needed basis to consider such matters and did not meet during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

 

Trustee Ownership of Fund Shares

 

The Fund is newly organized and as of the date of this SAI, and the Trustees therefore do not own shares of the Fund.

 

Trustee and Officer Compensation

 

Set forth below is the planned compensation to be received by the Trustees and Officers. No trustee, officer, or employee of G.distributors, LLC (“G.distributors” or the “Distributor”), the Adviser, or an affiliated company receives any compensation from the Fund for serving as an Officer or Trustee of the Fund. The Fund pays each Trustee who is not a director, officer, or employee of the Adviser, or any of its affiliates, an annual retainer of $18,000 plus $2,000 for each Board meeting attended. Each such Trustee is reimbursed by the Fund for any out of pocket expenses incurred in attending meetings. All Board committee members receive $500 per meeting attended and the Chairman of the Audit Committee and the Lead Independent Trustee each receives an annual fee of $2,000. The Chairman of the ad hoc Proxy Voting Committee and Nominating Committee each receives $1,000 annually. A Trustee

 

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may receive a single meeting fee, allocated among the participating funds in the Fund Complex, for participation in certain meetings held on behalf of multiple funds. Trustees who are directors or employees of the Adviser or an affiliated company receive no compensation or expense reimbursement from the Fund.

 

The following table sets forth the estimated aggregate compensation that is expected to be paid to the Fund’s Trustees for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025 and the total compensation paid to the Fund’s Trustees for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. Although Officers, including the Chief Compliance Officer, may be compensated by the Fund, no Officer or person affiliated with the Fund received compensation in excess of $60,000 from the Fund for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

 

Compensation Table

 

Aggregate Compensation from Fund (Fiscal Year)

 

Name of Person and Position  

Estimated
Aggregate

Compensation
from the

Fund*

   

Total

Compensation
from the
Fund and
Fund Complex**

 

           
INTERESTED TRUSTEES:          
                 
Christopher J. Marangi   $ [__]     $ 0  (0)
Agnes Mullady   $ [__]     $ 131,500  (14)
                 
INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES:                
                 
John Birch   $ [__]     $ 70,342  (10)
Anthony S. Colavita   $ [__]     $ 169,250  (23)
Michael J. Ferrantino   $ [__]     $ 38,000  (7)
Leslie F. Foley   $ [__]     $ 80,000  (15)
Michael J. Melarkey   $ [__]     $ 189,000  (24)
Salvatore J. Zizza   $ [__]     $ 317,137  (35)

 

 
* Represents the estimated aggregate compensation to be paid to such persons for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025.
** Represents the total compensation paid to such persons for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, by investment companies (including the Fund) or portfolios that are considered part of the same Fund Complex as the Fund because they have common or affiliated investment advisers. The parenthetical number represents the number of such investment companies and portfolios.

 

Code of Ethics

 

The Trust, its Adviser, and Distributor have adopted a code of ethics (the “Code of Ethics”) pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. The Code of Ethics permits personnel, subject to the Code of Ethics and its restrictive provisions, to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund.

 

Proxy Voting Policies

 

The Fund has delegated the voting of portfolio securities to the Adviser. The Adviser has adopted proxy voting policies and procedures (the “Proxy Voting Policy”) for the voting of proxies on behalf of client accounts for which the Adviser has voting discretion, including the Fund. Under the Proxy Voting Policy, portfolio securities held by the Fund are to be voted in the best interests of the Fund.

 

Normally, the Adviser exercises proxy voting discretion on particular types of proposals in accordance with guidelines (the “Proxy Voting Guidelines”) set forth in the Proxy Voting Policy. The Proxy Voting Guidelines address, for example, proposals to elect the board of directors, to classify the board of directors, to select the independent registered public accounting firm, to issue blank check preferred stock, to use confidential ballots, to eliminate cumulative voting, to require shareholder ratification of poison pills, to support fair price provisions, to require a supermajority shareholder vote for charter or bylaw amendments, to provide for director and officer indemnification and liability protection, to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock, to allow greenmail, to limit shareholders’ rights to call special meetings, to consider the non-financial effects of a merger, to limit shareholders’ rights to act by written consent, to approve executive and director compensation plans (including golden parachutes), to limit executive and director pay, to approve stock option plans, to opt in or out of state takeover statutes, and to approve mergers, acquisitions, corporate restructuring, spin-offs, buyouts, asset sales, or liquidations.

 

A Proxy Voting Committee (“Committee”) comprised of senior representatives of the Adviser and its affiliated investment advisers has the responsibility for the content, interpretation, and application of the Proxy Voting Guidelines. In general, the Director of Proxy Voting Services, using the Proxy Guidelines, and the analysts of GAMCO Investors, Inc. (“GAMI”), will determine how to vote on each issue. For non-controversial matters, the Director of Proxy Voting Services may vote the proxy if the vote is: (1) consistent with the recommendations of the issuer’s board of directors and not contrary to the Proxy Guidelines;

 

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(2) consistent with the recommendations of the issuer’s board of directors and is a non-controversial issue not covered by the Proxy Guidelines; or (3) the vote is contrary to the recommendations of the board of directors but is consistent with the Proxy Guidelines. In those instances, the Director of Proxy Voting Services or the Chairman of the Committee may sign and date the proxy statement indicating how each issue will be voted. The Adviser subscribes to Institutional Shareholders Services (“ISS”) and Glass Lewis & Co. LLC (“Glass Lewis”), which supplies current information on companies, matters being voted on, regulations, trends in proxy voting and information on corporate governance issues. The information provided by ISS and Glass Lewis is for informational purposes only.

 

All matters identified by the Chairman of the Committee, the Director of Proxy Voting Services or the Legal Department as controversial, taking into account the recommendations of the analysts of GAMI, will be presented to the Committee. If the Chairman of the Committee, the Director of Proxy Voting Services or the Legal Department has identified the matter as one that (1) is controversial; (2) would benefit from deliberation by the Committee; or (3) may give rise to a conflict of interest between the Adviser and its clients, the Chairman of the Committee will initially determine what vote to recommend that the Adviser should cast and the matter will go before the Committee.

 

For matters submitted to the Committee, each member of the Committee will receive, prior to the meeting, a copy of the proxy statement, a summary of any views provided by the Chief Investment Officer and any recommendations by GAMI analysts. The Chief Investment Officer or the GAMI analyst may be invited to present their viewpoints. If the Director of Proxy Voting Services or the Legal Department believe that the matter before the Committee is one with respect to which a conflict of interest may exist between the Adviser and its clients, counsel may provide an opinion to the Committee concerning the conflict. If the matter is one in which the interests of the clients of the Adviser and its affiliated investment advisers may diverge, counsel may so advise and the Committee may make different recommendations as to different clients. For any matters where the recommendation may trigger appraisal rights, counsel may provide an opinion concerning the likely risks and merits of such an appraisal action.

 

Where a proxy proposal raises a material conflict between the interests of the Fund’s shareholders on the one hand, and those of the Fund’s Adviser and/or the principal underwriters, on the other hand, the conflict will be brought to the ad hoc Proxy Voting Committee of the Fund to determine a resolution.

 

Each matter submitted to the Committee will be determined by the vote of a majority of the members present at the meeting. Should the vote concerning one or more recommendations be tied in a vote of the Committee, the Chairman of the Committee will cast the deciding vote. The Committee will notify the proxy department of its decisions and the proxies will be voted accordingly.

 

The Trust files Form N-PX with its complete proxy voting record for the twelve months ended June 30 no later than August 31 of each year. This filing is available without charge, upon request, by calling toll-free (800) 422-3554 and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

 

CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS

 

Since the Fund was not operational prior to the date of this SAI, no persons owned of record or beneficially 5% or more of the Fund, and the Officers and Trustees of the Fund as a group owned less than 1% of the Fund’s outstanding shares.

 

CREATION AND REDEMPTION OF CREATION UNITS

 

General

 

The Trust issues and sells shares of the Fund only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the distributor, without a sales load, at a price based on the Fund’s NAV next determined after receipt, on any business day, of an order received by the transfer agent in proper form. On days when the Listing Exchange closes earlier than normal, the Fund may require orders to be placed earlier in the day. The following table sets forth the number of shares of the Fund that constitute a Creation Unit for the Fund.

 

Name of the Fund   Creation
Unit Size
 
Gabelli High Income ETF     5,000  

 

In its discretion, the Adviser reserves the right to increase or decrease the number of the Fund’s shares that constitute a Creation Unit. The Board reserves the right to declare a split or a consolidation in the number of shares outstanding of the Fund, and to make a corresponding change in the number of shares constituting a Creation Unit, in the event that the per share price in the secondary market rises (or declines) to an amount that falls outside the range deemed desirable by the Board.

 

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The Fund intends to comply with the U.S. federal securities laws in accepting securities for deposit and satisfying redemptions with redemption securities by, among other means, assuring that any securities accepted for deposit and any securities used to satisfy redemption requests will be sold in transactions that would be exempt from registration under the 1933 Act. Further, an Authorized Participant that is not a “qualified institutional buyer,” as such term is defined under Rule 144A of the 1933 Act, will not be able to receive securities that are restricted securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A.

 

Fund Deposit

 

The consideration for purchase of Creation Units of the Fund generally consists of the deposit securities, the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) (“Deposit Securities”) and the applicable computed cash component (the “Cash Component”), which is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the shares (per Creation Unit) and the deposit amount (the “Deposit Amount”). The Deposit Amount is an amount equal to the market value of the Deposit Securities. The Cash Component serves to compensate for any differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the Deposit Amount. Together, the Deposit Securities and the Cash Component paid in connection with the purchase of Creation Units constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to creation requests received in proper form. The Fund Deposit represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of the Fund. Payment of any stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities are the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant purchasing the Creation Unit.

 

The Adviser makes available through the National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”) on each business day prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange, the list of names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security and the amount of the Cash Component (if any) to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information as of the end of the previous business day for the Fund). Such Fund Deposit is applicable, subject to any adjustments as described below, to purchases of Creation Units of shares of the Fund until such time as the next-announced Fund Deposit is made available.

 

The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities and the amount of the Cash Component changes pursuant to changes in the composition of the Fund’s portfolio and as rebalancing adjustments and corporate action events are reflected from time to time by Adviser with a view to the investment goal of the Fund. The composition of the Deposit Securities and the amount of the Cash Component may also change in response to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the component securities constituting the underlying index or the Fund’s portfolio. The Fund reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security that may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery or that may not be eligible for transfer through the facilities of DTC (“DTC Facilities”) or the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC (“NSCC Clearing Process”), a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC (as discussed below), or that the Authorized Participant is not able to trade due to a trading restriction. The Fund also reserves the right to permit or require a “cash in lieu” amount in certain circumstances, including circumstances in which: (i) the delivery of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant would be restricted under applicable securities or other local laws; (ii) the delivery of the Deposit Security to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under applicable securities or other local laws; or (iii) in certain other situations.

 

Cash Purchase Method

 

Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units of the Fund when partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units are available or specified for the Fund, they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind purchases thereof. In the case of a partial or full cash purchase, the Authorized Participant must pay the cash equivalent of the Deposit Securities it would otherwise be required to provide through an in-kind purchase, plus the same Cash Component required to be paid by an in-kind purchaser.

 

Creation Units

 

To be eligible to place orders and to create a Creation Unit of the Fund, an entity must be: (i) a broker-dealer or other participant in the NSCC Clearing Process (“Participating Process”), or (ii) a DTC participant, and, in either case, must have executed an agreement with the Distributor with respect to creations and redemptions of Creation Units (“Authorized Participant Agreement”). A Participating Party or DTC participant who has executed an Authorized Participant Agreement is an Authorized Participant. All shares of the Fund, however created, will be entered on the records of DTC in the name of Cede & Co. for the account of a DTC Participant.

 

Role of the Authorized Participant

 

Creation Units may be purchased only by or through an Authorized Participant that has entered into an Authorized Participant Agreement with the distributor. Such Authorized Participant will agree, pursuant to the terms of such Authorized Participant Agreement and on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act, to certain conditions, including that such Authorized Participant will make

 

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available in advance of each purchase of shares an amount of cash sufficient to pay the Cash Component, once the NAV of a Creation Unit is next determined after receipt of the purchase order in proper form, together with the transaction fees described below. An Authorized Participant, acting on behalf of an investor, may require the investor to enter into an agreement with such Authorized Participant with respect to certain matters, including payment of the Cash Component. Investors who are not Authorized Participants must make appropriate arrangements with an Authorized Participant. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not be an Authorized Participant or may not have executed an Authorized Participant Agreement and that orders to purchase Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant. As a result, purchase orders placed through an Authorized Participant may result in additional charges to such investor. The Trust does not expect to enter into an Authorized Participant Agreement with more than a small number of Authorized Participants.

 

Placement of Creation Orders

 

An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable order to purchase shares of the Fund, in proper form, no later than one hour prior to the closing time of the regular trading session of the Listing Exchange (normally 3 p.m. Eastern time), on any business day to receive that day’s NAV. On days when the Listing Exchange closes earlier than normal, the Fund may require orders for Creation Units to be placed earlier in the day. Orders for Creation Units must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the transfer agent pursuant to procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement, as described below. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure, may impede the ability to reach the transfer agent or an Authorized Participant. Orders to create shares of the Fund that are submitted on the business day, immediately preceding a holiday or a day (other than a weekend) when the equity markets in the relevant non-U.S. market are closed may not be accepted (the “Cutoff Time”). The Trust or its designee, in their discretion, may permit the submission of such orders and requests by or through an Authorized Participant at any time (including on days on which the Listing Exchange is not open for business) via communication through the facilities of the transfer agent’s proprietary website maintained for this purpose.

 

Investors, other than Authorized Participants, are responsible for making arrangements for a creation request to be made through an Authorized Participant. Those placing orders to purchase Creation Units through an Authorized Participant should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the purchase order to the transfer agent or its agent by the Cutoff Time on such business day.

 

Upon receiving an order for a Creation Unit, the transfer agent will notify the Adviser and the custodian of such order. The custodian will then provide such information to any appropriate sub-custodian.

 

The Authorized Participant must make available on or before the prescribed settlement date, by means satisfactory to the Fund, immediately available or same day funds estimated by the Fund to be sufficient to pay the Cash Component next determined after acceptance of the purchase order, together with the applicable purchase transaction fees. Any excess funds will be returned following settlement of the issue of the Creation Unit.

 

Those placing orders should ascertain the applicable deadline for cash transfers by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effectuating the transfer of the Cash Component. This deadline is likely to be significantly earlier than the Cutoff Time of the Fund. Investors should be aware that an Authorized Participant may require orders for purchases of shares placed with it to be in the particular form required by the individual Authorized Participant.

 

The Authorized Participant is responsible for all transaction-related fees, expenses and other costs (as described below), as well as any applicable cash amounts, in connection with any purchase order.

 

Once a purchase order has been accepted, it will be processed based on the NAV next determined after such acceptance in accordance with the Fund’s Cutoff Times as provided in the Authorized Participant Agreement and disclosed in this SAI.

 

Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units

 

Subject to the conditions that (i) an irrevocable purchase order has been submitted by the Authorized Participant (either on its own or another investor’s behalf) and (ii) arrangements satisfactory to the Fund are in place for payment of the Cash Component and any other cash amounts which may be due, an order will be accepted, subject to the Fund’s right to reject any order until acceptance, as set forth below.

 

Once an order has been accepted, upon the next determination of the NAV of the shares, the Fund will confirm the issuance of a Creation Unit, against receipt of payment, at such NAV. The transfer agent will then transmit a confirmation of acceptance to the Authorized Participant that placed the order.

 

The SEC has expressed the view that a suspension of creations that impairs the arbitrage mechanism applicable to the trading of ETF shares in the secondary market is inconsistent with Rule 6c-11 under the 1940 Act. The SEC’s position, however, does not prohibit the

 

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suspension or rejection of creations in all instances. The Fund reserves the right, to the extent consistent with the provisions of Rule 6c-11 under the 1940 Act and the SEC’s position, to reject or revoke a creation order transmitted to it in respect of the Fund, including, for example, if: (i) the order is not in proper form; (ii) the investor(s), upon obtaining the shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding shares of the Fund; (iii) the Deposit Securities delivered do not conform to the identity and number of shares specified, as described above; (iv) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of the Fund, be unlawful; or (v) circumstances outside the control of the Fund make it impossible to process purchase orders for all practical purposes. The transfer agent shall notify a prospective purchaser of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such purchaser of its rejection of such order. The Fund, the Fund’s custodian, the sub-custodian and the Distributor are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall any of them incur any liability for failure to give such notification.

 

Issuance of a Creation Unit

 

Except as provided herein, a Creation Unit will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the Fund of the Deposit Securities and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When the sub-custodian has confirmed to the custodian that the securities included in the Fund Deposit (or the cash value thereof) have been delivered to the account of the relevant sub-custodian or sub-custodians, the transfer agent and the Adviser shall be notified of such delivery and the Fund will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Unit. Creation Units for the Fund typically are settled on a “T+1” basis (i.e., one business day after trade date), unless the Fund and Authorized Participant agree to a different settlement date. The Fund reserves the right to settle Creation Unit transactions on a basis other than T+1 if necessary or appropriate under the circumstances.

 

To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant Agreement, the Fund will issue Creation Units to an Authorized Participant, notwithstanding the fact that the corresponding Fund Deposits have not been received in part or in whole, in reliance on the undertaking of the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing Deposit Securities as soon as possible, which undertaking shall be secured by such Authorized Participant’s delivery and maintenance of collateral having a value at least equal to 105% and up to 115%, which percentage the Trust may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing Deposit Securities in accordance with the Fund’s then-effective procedures. The Trust may use such cash deposit at any time to buy Deposit Securities for the Fund. The only collateral that is acceptable to the Fund is cash in U.S. dollars. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 1 p.m., Eastern time on the prescribed settlement date or such other time as designated by the Fund’s custodian. Information concerning the Fund’s current procedures for collateralization of missing Deposit Securities is available from the transfer agent. The Authorized Participant Agreement will permit the Fund to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time and will subject the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the cost to the Fund of purchasing such securities and the value of the cash collateral including, without limitation, liability for related brokerage, borrowings and other charges.

 

In certain cases, Authorized Participants may create and redeem Creation Units on the same trade date and in these instances, the Fund reserves the right to settle these transactions on a net basis or require a representation from the Authorized Participants that the creation and redemption transactions are for separate beneficial owners. All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the Fund and the Fund’s determination shall be final and binding.

 

Costs Associated with Creation Transactions

 

A standard creation transaction fee is imposed to offset the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the issuance of Creation Units. The standard creation transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant creates a Creation Unit, and is the same, regardless of the number of Creation Units purchased by the Authorized Participant on the applicable business day. The Authorized Participant may also be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, market impact and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades resulting from such transaction (up to the maximum amount shown below). Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Deposit Securities to the Fund. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to acquire Fund shares may be charged a fee for such services.

 

The following table sets forth the Fund’s standard creation transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above). Transaction fees may be waived in certain circumstances deemed appropriate by the Trust.

 

Fund   Standard Creation Transaction Fee     Maximum Additional
Charge for Creations1
 
Gabelli High Income ETF   $ 250       3 %

 

 
1 As a percentage of the NAV per Creation Unit.

 

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Redemption of Creation Units

 

Shares of the Fund may be redeemed by Authorized Participants only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the transfer agent and only on a business day. The Fund will not redeem shares in amounts less than Creation Units. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the secondary market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of shares to constitute a Creation Unit that could be redeemed by an Authorized Participant. Beneficial owners also may sell shares in the secondary market. The Fund generally redeems Creation Units for Fund Securities (as defined below) and the Cash Amount (as defined below). Please see the Cash Redemption Method section below and the following discussion summarizing the in-kind method for further information on redeeming Creation Units of the Fund.

 

The Adviser makes available through the NSCC, prior to the opening of business on the Listing Exchange on each business day, the designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day (“Fund Securities”), and an amount of cash as described below (“Cash Amount”) (if any). Such Fund Securities and the corresponding Cash Amount (each subject to possible amendment or correction) are applicable in order to effect redemptions of Creation Units of the Fund until such time as the next announced composition of the Fund Securities and Cash Amount is made available. Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities that are applicable to creations of Creation Units under certain circumstances.

 

Unless cash redemptions are available or specified for the Fund, the redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit generally consist of Fund Securities, plus the Cash Amount, which is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the shares being redeemed, as next determined after the receipt of a redemption request in proper form, and the value of Fund Securities, less a redemption transaction fee (as described below). The Fund may, in its sole discretion, substitute a “cash in lieu” amount to replace any Fund Security that may not be eligible for transfer through DTC Facilities or the NSCC Clearing Process or that the Authorized Participant is not able to trade due to a trading restriction. The Fund also reserves the right to permit or require a “cash in lieu” amount in certain circumstances, including circumstances in which: (i) the delivery of a Fund Security to the Authorized Participant would be restricted under applicable securities or other local laws; (ii) the delivery of a Fund Security to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of the Fund Security by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under applicable securities or other local laws; or (iii) in certain other situations. The amount of cash paid out in such cases will be equivalent to the value of the substituted security listed as a Fund Security. In the event that the Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of the shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the difference is required to be made by or through an Authorized Participant by the redeeming shareholder. The Fund generally redeems Creation Units for Fund Securities and the Cash Amount, but the Fund reserves the right to utilize a cash option for redemption of Creation Units.

 

Cash Redemption Method

 

Although the Trust does not ordinarily permit partial or full cash redemptions of Creation Units of the Fund, when partial or full cash redemptions of Creation Units are available or specified for the Fund, they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind purchases thereof. In the case of a partial or full cash redemption, the Authorized Participant receives the cash equivalent of the Fund Securities it would otherwise receive through an in-kind redemption, plus the same Cash Amount to be paid to an in-kind redeemer.

 

Costs Associated with Redemption Transactions

 

A standard redemption transaction fee is imposed to offset transfer and other transaction costs that may be incurred by the Fund. The standard redemption transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant redeems a Creation Unit, and is the same regardless of the number of Creation Units redeemed by an Authorized Participant on the applicable business day. The Authorized Participant may also be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, market impact and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades resulting from such transaction (up to the maximum amount shown below). Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Fund Securities from the Fund to their account on their order. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to dispose of Fund shares may be charged a fee for such services.

 

Placement of Redemption Orders

 

Redemption requests for Creation Units of the Fund must be submitted to the transfer agent by or through an Authorized Participant. An Authorized Participant must submit an irrevocable request to redeem shares of the Fund, in proper form, no later than one hour prior to the closing time of the regular trading session of the Listing Exchange (normally 3 p.m. Eastern time), on any business day to receive that day’s NAV. On days when the Listing Exchange closes earlier than normal, the Fund may require orders to redeem Creation Units to be placed earlier that day. Investors, other than Authorized Participants, are responsible for making arrangements for a redemption request to be made through an Authorized Participant.

 

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The Authorized Participant must transmit the request for redemption in the form required by the Fund to the transfer agent in accordance with procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed an Authorized Participant Agreement and that, therefore, requests to redeem Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant who has executed an Authorized Participant Agreement. At any time, only a limited number of broker-dealers will have an Authorized Participant Agreement in effect. Investors making a redemption request should be aware that such request must be in the form specified by such Authorized Participant. Investors making a request to redeem Creation Units should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the request by an Authorized Participant and transfer of the shares to the Fund’s transfer agent; such investors should allow for the additional time that may be required to effect redemptions through their banks, brokers or other financial intermediaries if such intermediaries are not Authorized Participants.

 

A redemption request is considered to be in “proper form” if: (i) an Authorized Participant has transferred or caused to be transferred to the Fund’s transfer agent the Creation Unit redeemed through the book-entry system of DTC so as to be effective by the Listing Exchange closing time on any business day; (ii) a request in form satisfactory to the Fund is received by the transfer agent from the Authorized Participant on behalf of itself or another redeeming investor within the time periods specified above; and (iii) all other procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement are properly followed. If the transfer agent does not receive the investor’s shares through DTC Facilities by 10 a.m., Eastern time on the prescribed settlement date, the redemption request may be deemed rejected. Investors should be aware that the deadline for such transfers of shares through the DTC Facilities may be significantly earlier than the close of business on the Listing Exchange. Those making redemption requests should ascertain the deadline applicable to transfers of shares through the DTC Facilities by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effecting the transfer of the shares.

 

Upon receiving a redemption request, the transfer agent shall notify the Fund and the Fund’s transfer agent of such redemption request. The tender of an investor’s shares for redemption and the distribution of the securities and/or cash included in the redemption payment made in respect of Creation Units redeemed will be made through DTC and the relevant Authorized Participant to the beneficial owner thereof as recorded on the book-entry system of DTC or the DTC Participant through which such investor holds, as the case may be, or by such other means specified by the Authorized Participant submitting the redemption request.

 

A redeeming Beneficial Owner or Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such Beneficial Owner must maintain appropriate security arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of the portfolio securities are customarily traded, to which account such portfolio securities will be delivered.

 

Creation Units for the Fund typically are settled on a “T+1” basis (i.e., one business day after trade date), unless the Fund and Authorized Participant agree to a different settlement date. The Fund reserves the right to settle redemption transactions later than T+1 if necessary or appropriate under the circumstances and compliant with applicable law. Delayed settlement may occur due to a number of different reasons, including, without limitation, settlement cycles for the underlying securities, unscheduled market closings, an effort to link distribution to dividend record dates and ex-dates and newly announced holidays. For example, the redemption settlement process may be extended beyond T+1 because of the occurrence of a holiday in a non-U.S. market or in the U.S. bond market that is not a holiday observed in the U.S. equity market.

 

If neither the redeeming Beneficial Owner nor the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such redeeming Beneficial Owner has appropriate arrangements to take delivery of Fund Securities in the applicable non-U.S. jurisdiction and it is not possible to make other such arrangements, or if it is not possible to effect deliveries of Fund Securities in such jurisdiction, the Fund may in its discretion exercise its option to redeem such shares in cash, and the redeeming Beneficial Owner will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash. In such case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the NAV of its shares based on the NAV of the Fund next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a redemption transaction fee and additional charges specified above, to offset the Fund’s brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Securities). Redemptions of shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws and the Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Fund cannot lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or cannot do so without first registering the Fund Securities under such laws.

 

In the event that cash redemptions are permitted or required by the Trust, proceeds will be paid to the Authorized Participant redeeming shares as soon as practicable after the date of redemption (within seven calendar days thereafter).

 

To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant Agreement, in the event an Authorized Participant has submitted a redemption request in proper form but is unable to transfer all or part of the Creation Unit to be redeemed to the Fund, at or prior to 10 a.m., Eastern time on the prescribed settlement date, the transfer agent will accept the redemption request in reliance on the undertaking by the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing shares as soon as possible. Such undertaking shall be secured by the Authorized Participant’s delivery and maintenance of collateral consisting of cash, in U.S. dollars in immediately available funds, having a value at least equal to 105% and up to 115%, which percentage the Trust may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing shares. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 10 a.m., Eastern time on the prescribed settlement date and shall be

 

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held by the Fund’s custodian and marked-to-market daily. The fees of the Fund’s custodian and any sub-custodians in respect of the delivery, maintenance and redelivery of the cash collateral shall be payable by the Authorized Participant. The Authorized Participant Agreement will permit the Fund to purchase missing Fund shares or acquire the Deposit Securities and the Cash Amount underlying such shares, and will subject the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the cost of the Fund acquiring such shares, the Deposit Securities or Cash Amount and the value of the cash collateral including, without limitation, liability for related brokerage and other charges.

 

Because the portfolio securities of the Fund may trade on exchange(s) on days that the Listing Exchange is closed or are otherwise not business days for the Fund, shareholders may not be able to redeem their shares of the Fund, or purchase or sell shares of the Fund on the Listing Exchange on days when the NAV of the Fund could be significantly affected by events in the relevant non-U.S. markets.

 

The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to the Fund: (i) for any period during which the Listing Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) for any period during which trading on the Listing Exchange is restricted; (iii) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the shares of the Fund’s portfolio securities or determination of its NAV is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) in such other circumstances as is permitted by the SEC.

 

Custom Baskets

 

Creation and redemption baskets may differ and the Fund may accept “custom baskets.” A custom basket may include any of the following: (i) a basket that is composed of a non-representative selection of the Fund’s portfolio holdings; (ii) a representative basket that is different from the initial basket used in transactions on the same business day; or (iii) a basket that contains bespoke cash substitutions for a single Authorized Participant. The Fund has adopted policies and procedures that govern the construction and acceptance of baskets, including heightened requirements for certain types of custom baskets. Such policies and procedures provide the parameters for the construction and acceptance of custom baskets that are in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders, establish processes for revisions to, or deviations from, such parameters, and specify the titles and roles of the employees of the Adviser who are required to review each custom basket for compliance with those parameters. In addition, when constructing custom baskets for redemptions, the tax efficiency of the Fund may be taken into account. The policies and procedures distinguish among different types of custom baskets that may be used and impose different requirements for different types of custom baskets in order to seek to mitigate against potential risks of conflicts and/or overreaching by an Authorized Participant. The Adviser has established a governance process to oversee basket compliance for the Fund, as set forth in the Fund’s policies and procedures.

 

INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES

 

Investment Adviser

 

The Adviser, a New York limited liability company and registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, serves as an investment adviser to registered investment companies with combined aggregate net assets of approximately $21.4 billion as of December 31, 2024. The Adviser is a wholly owned subsidiary of GAMCO Investors, Inc. (“GAMI”), a New York corporation, whose Class A Common Stock is traded on the OTCQX under the symbol, “GAMI.” Mr. Mario J. Gabelli may be deemed a “controlling person” of the Adviser on the basis of his controlling interest in GAMI. Mr. Gabelli owns a majority of the stock of GGCP, Inc. (“GGCP”), which holds a majority of the capital stock and voting power of GAMI. The Adviser has several affiliates that provide investment advisory services: GAMCO Asset Management, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of GAMI, acts as investment adviser for individuals, pension trusts, profit sharing trusts, and endowments, and as a sub-adviser to certain third party investment funds, which include registered investment companies, having assets under management of approximately $10.7 billion as of December 31, 2024; Teton Advisors, LLC (previously Teton Advisors, Inc., with assets under management of approximately $330 million as of December 31, 2024), acts as investment adviser to The TETON Westwood Funds and separately managed accounts; Gabelli & Company Investment Advisers, Inc. (formerly, Gabelli Securities, Inc.), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Associated Capital Group, Inc. (“Associated Capital”), acts as investment adviser for certain alternative investment products, consisting primarily of risk arbitrage and merchant banking limited partnerships and offshore companies, with assets under management of approximately $1.3 billion as of December 31, 2024. Teton Advisors, Inc. was spun off by GAMI in March 2009 and is an affiliate of GAMI by virtue of Mr. Gabelli’s ownership of GGCP, the principal stockholder of Teton Advisors, Inc., the parent of Teton Advisors, LLC, as of December 31, 2024. Effective December 31, 2021, Teton Advisors, Inc. completed a reorganization by transferring its entire business operations and personnel to a new wholly-owned subsidiary, Teton Advisors, LLC. Associated Capital was spun off from GAMI on November 30, 2015, and is an affiliate of GAMI by virtue of Mr. Gabelli’s ownership of GGCP, the principal stockholder of Associated Capital. Effective May 28, 2025, Keeley-Teton Advisors, LLC transferred its investment management business to the Adviser.

 

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The Adviser has sole investment discretion for the Fund’s assets under the supervision of the Board and in accordance with the Fund’s stated policies. The Adviser will select investments for the Fund and will place purchase and sale orders on behalf of the Fund.

 

Affiliates of the Adviser may, in the ordinary course of their business, acquire for their own account or for the accounts of their advisory clients, significant (and possibly controlling) positions in the securities of companies that may also be suitable for investment by the Fund. The securities in which the Fund might invest may thereby be limited to some extent. For instance, many companies in the past several years have adopted so-called “poison pill” or other defensive measures designed to discourage or prevent the completion of non-negotiated offers for control of the company. Such defensive measures may have the effect of limiting the shares of the company which might otherwise be acquired by the Fund if the affiliates of the Adviser or their advisory accounts have or acquire a significant position in the same securities. However, the Adviser does not believe that the investment activities of its affiliates will have a material adverse effect upon the Fund in seeking to achieve its investment objective.

 

Securities purchased or sold pursuant to contemporaneous orders entered on behalf of the investment company accounts of the Adviser or the advisory accounts managed by its affiliates for their unaffiliated clients are allocated pursuant to principles believed to be fair and not disadvantageous to any such accounts. In addition, all such orders are accorded priority of execution over orders entered on behalf of accounts in which the Adviser or its affiliates have a substantial pecuniary interest. The Adviser may on occasion give advice or take action with respect to other clients that differs from the actions taken with respect to the Fund. The Fund may invest in the securities of companies which are investment management clients of GAMCO. In addition, portfolio companies or their officers or directors may be minority shareholders of the Adviser or its affiliates.

 

The Adviser currently serves as investment adviser to the Fund pursuant to an investment advisory contract (the “Contract”). Pursuant to the Contract, the Adviser furnishes a continuous investment program for the Fund’s portfolio, makes the day to day investment decisions for the Fund, arranges the portfolio transactions for the Fund, and manages the Fund’s investments in accordance with the stated policies of the Fund, subject to the general supervision of the Board. Under the Contract, the Adviser also (i) provides the Fund with the services of persons competent to perform such supervisory, administrative, and clerical functions as are necessary to provide effective administration of the Fund, including maintaining certain books and records and overseeing the activities of the Fund’s Custodian (as defined below) and Transfer Agent (as defined below); (ii) oversees the performance of administrative and professional services to the Fund by others, including The Bank of New York Mellon, the Fund’s Sub-Administrator (the “Sub-Administrator” or “BNYM”), BNYM, the Fund’s Custodian, the Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (“BNYM” or the “Transfer Agent”) Transfer Agent, and Dividend Disbursing Agent, as well as accounting, auditing, and other services performed for the Fund; (iii) provides the Fund with adequate office space and facilities; (iv) supervises the preparation of, but does not pay for, the periodic updating of the Fund’s registration statement, prospectus, and SAI, including the printing of such documents for the purpose of filings with the SEC and state securities administrators, the Fund’s tax returns, and reports to the Fund’s shareholders and the SEC; (v) supervises, but does not pay for, the calculation of the NAV of shares of the Fund; (vi) supervises the preparation of, but does not pay for, all filings under the securities or “Blue Sky” laws of such states or countries as are designated by the Distributor, which may be required to register or qualify, or continue the registration or qualification, of the Fund and/or its shares under such laws; and (viii) prepares notices and agendas for meetings of the Board and minutes of such meetings in all matters required by applicable law to be acted upon by the Board.

 

The Adviser will monitor on an on-going basis how shares of the Fund trade, including the level of any market price premium or discount to NAV and the bid/ask spreads on market transactions. The Fund’s spread may also be impacted by the liquidity of the underlying securities held by the Fund, particularly in instances of significant volatility of the underlying securities. Authorized Participants may acquire shares directly from the Fund and may tender their shares for redemption directly to the Fund, at net asset value per share only in Creation Units. Should there be extended periods during which shares trade at a significant premium or discount to NAV or of unusually wide bid/ask spreads, the Board will consider the continuing viability of the Fund, whether shareholders are being harmed, and what, if any, action would be appropriate to among other things, narrow the premium/discount or spread, as applicable. The Board will then decide whether to take any such action. Potential actions may include, but are not limited to, changing lead market makers, listing the Fund on a different exchange, changing the size of Creations Units, changing the Fund’s investment objectives or strategy, and liquidating the Fund.

 

The Contract provides that absent willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of its duty, the Adviser and its employees, officers, directors, and controlling persons are not liable to the Fund or any of its investors for any act or omission by the Adviser or for any error of judgment or for losses sustained by the Fund. However, the Contract provides that the Fund is not waiving any rights it may have with respect to any violation of law which cannot be waived. The Contract also provides indemnification for the Adviser and each of these persons for any conduct for which they are not liable to the Fund. The Contract in no way restricts the Adviser from acting as adviser to others. The Fund has agreed by the terms of its Contract that the word “Gabelli” in its name is derived from the name of the Adviser which in turn is derived from the name of Mario J. Gabelli; that such name is the property of the Adviser for copyright and/or other purposes; and that, therefore, such name may be freely used by the Adviser for other investment companies, entities, or products. The Fund has further agreed that in the event that for any reason, the Adviser ceases to be its investment adviser,

 

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the Fund will, unless the Adviser otherwise consents in writing, promptly take all steps necessary to change its name to one which does not include “Gabelli.”

 

By its terms, the Contract will remain in effect from year to year, provided each such annual continuance is specifically approved by the Board or by a “majority” (as defined pursuant to the 1940 Act) vote of its shareholders and, in either case, by a majority vote of the Independent Trustees cast in person at a meeting called specifically for the purpose of voting on the continuance of the Contract. The Contract is terminable without penalty by the Fund on sixty days’ written notice when authorized either by a majority vote of its outstanding voting shares or by a vote of a majority of its Board, or by the Adviser on sixty days’ written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its “assignment” as defined by the 1940 Act.

 

As compensation for the Adviser’s services and related expenses borne by the Adviser, the Fund pays the Adviser a fee computed daily and payable monthly at the annual rate of 0.55% of the Fund’s net assets. The investment advisory agreement between the Trust and Adviser provides that the Adviser will pay all operating expenses of the Fund, except the management fees, interest expenses, taxes, expenses incurred with respect to the acquisition and disposition of portfolio securities and the execution of portion transactions, including brokerage commissions, distribution fees or expenses, litigation expenses, and extraordinary expenses.

 

Pursuant to a fee waiver agreement, the Adviser has contractually agreed to waive the Fund’s management fees of 0.55% on the Fund’s first $25 million in net assets. The fee waiver agreement will continue for a period of no less than one year from the commencement of the Fund’s operations. The fee waiver agreement may be terminated only by, or with the consent of, the Board.

 

Portfolio Manager Information

 

Other Accounts Managed

 

The table below identifies the portfolio manager, the number of accounts (other than the Fund) for which the portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities and the total assets in such accounts, within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles, and other accounts. For each category, the number of accounts and total assets in the accounts where fees are based on performance are also indicated, as applicable. Unless noted otherwise, all information is provided as of December 31, 2024.

 

EXCLUDES HIGH INCOME FUND

 

Name of Portfolio Manager   Type of Accounts   Total
No. of
Accounts
Managed
    Total Assets     No. of Accounts
where Advisory
Fee is Based on
Performance
    Total Assets
in Accounts
where Advisory
Fee is Based on
Performance
 
Wayne C. Plewniak   Registered Investment Companies:   [●]     $ [●]     [●]     $ [●]  
    Other Pooled Investment Vehicles:   [●]     $ [●]     [●]     $ [●]  
    Other Accounts:   [●]     $ [●]     [●]     $ [●]  

 

Potential Conflicts of Interest

 

Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when the portfolio manager also has day to day management responsibilities with respect to one or more other accounts. These potential conflicts include:

 

Allocation of Limited Time and Attention. Because the portfolio manager manages more than one account, he may not be able to formulate as complete a strategy or identify equally attractive investment opportunities for each of those accounts as if he were to devote substantially more attention to the management of only the Fund.

 

Allocation of Limited Investment Opportunities. If the portfolio manager identifies an investment opportunity that may be suitable for multiple accounts, the Fund may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity because the opportunity may be allocated among these accounts or other accounts managed primarily by other portfolio managers of the Adviser and its affiliates. In addition, in the event the portfolio manager determines to purchase a security for more than one account in an aggregate amount that may influence the market price of the security, accounts that purchased or sold the security first may receive a more favorable price than accounts that made subsequent transactions.

 

Pursuit of Differing Strategies. At times, the portfolio manager may determine that an investment opportunity may be appropriate for only some of the accounts for which the portfolio manager exercises investment responsibility, or may decide that certain of these accounts should take differing positions with respect to a particular security. In these cases, the portfolio manager may execute differing or opposite transactions for one or more accounts which may affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transactions, or both, to the detriment of one or more other accounts.

 

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Selection of Broker-Dealers. The portfolio manager may be able to select or influence the selection of the brokers and dealers that are used to execute securities transactions for the funds or accounts that he supervises. In addition to providing execution of trades, some brokers and dealers provide the Adviser with brokerage and research services. These services may be more beneficial to certain funds or accounts of the Adviser and its affiliates than to others. Although the payment of brokerage commissions is subject to the requirement that the Adviser determines in good faith that the commissions are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided to the Fund, the portfolio manager’s decision as to the selection of brokers and dealers could yield disproportionate costs and benefits among the funds or other accounts that the Adviser and its affiliates manage. In addition, with respect to certain types of accounts (such as pooled investment vehicles and other accounts managed for organizations and individuals), the Adviser may be limited by the client concerning the selection of brokers or may be instructed to direct trades to particular brokers. In these cases, the Adviser or its affiliates may place separate, non-simultaneous transactions in the same security for the Fund and another account that may temporarily affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment of the Fund or the other account.

 

Variation in Compensation. A conflict of interest may arise where the financial or other benefits available to the portfolio manager differ among the accounts that he manages. If the structure of the Adviser’s management fee or the portfolio manager’s compensation differs among accounts (such as where certain accounts pay higher management fees or performance-based management fees), the portfolio manager may be motivated to favor certain accounts over others. The portfolio manager also may be motivated to favor accounts in which he has investment interests, or in which the Adviser or its affiliates have investment interests. Similarly, the desire to maintain assets under management or to enhance the portfolio manager’s performance record or to derive other rewards, financial or otherwise, could influence the portfolio manager in affording preferential treatment to those accounts that could most significantly benefit the portfolio manager.

 

The Adviser and the Fund have adopted compliance policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to address the various conflicts of interest that may arise for the Adviser and its staff members. However, there is no guarantee that such policies and procedures will be able to detect and address every situation in which an actual or potential conflict may arise.

 

Compensation Structure for Portfolio Manager

 

The compensation of the portfolio manager for the Fund is structured to enable the Adviser to attract and retain highly qualified professionals in a competitive environment. The portfolio manager receives a compensation package that includes a minimum draw or base salary, equity based incentive compensation via awards that may include restricted stock, and incentive based variable compensation based on a percentage of net revenue received by the Adviser for managing the Fund to the extent that the amount exceeds a minimum level of compensation. Net revenues are determined by deducting from gross investment management fees certain of the firm’s expenses (other than the portfolio manager’s compensation) allocable to the Fund (the incentive based variable compensation for managing other accounts is also based on a percentage of net revenues to the investment adviser for managing the account). The portfolio manager receives similar incentive based variable compensation for managing other accounts for GAMCO Asset Management, Inc. based on gross revenue. The compensation for managing accounts that have a performance based fee will have two components. One component is based on a percentage of net revenues received by the Adviser for managing the account. The second component is based on absolute performance of the account, with respect to which a percentage of the net performance fee is paid to the portfolio manager. These methods of compensation are based on the premise that superior long-term performance in managing a portfolio should be rewarded with higher compensation as a result of growth of assets through appreciation and net investment activity. The level of equity based incentive and incentive based variable compensation is based on an evaluation by the Adviser’s parent, GAMI, of quantitative and qualitative performance evaluation criteria.

 

Ownership of Shares in the Fund

 

No portfolio manager or Trustee owns shares of the Fund as of the date of this SAI, which is prior to the inception date of the Fund.

 

The Sub-Administrator

 

The Adviser has entered into an agreement (the “Sub-Administration Agreement”) with BNYM, which is located at 301 Bellevue Parkway, Wilmington, Delaware 19809. Under the Sub-Administration Agreement, the Sub-Administrator (a) assists in supervising all aspects of the Trust’s operations except those performed by the Adviser under its advisory agreement with the Fund; (b) supplies the Fund with office facilities (which may be in the Sub-Administrator’s own offices), statistical and research data, data processing services, clerical, accounting, and bookkeeping services, including, but not limited to, the calculation of the NAV per share of the Fund, internal auditing and regulatory administration services, internal executive and administrative services, and stationery and office supplies; (c) prepares and distributes materials for all Board Meetings including the mailing of all Board materials and collates the same materials into the Board books and assists in the drafting of minutes of the Board meetings; (d) prepares reports to Trust shareholders, tax returns, and reports to and filings with the SEC and state “Blue Sky” authorities; (e) provides any equipment or services necessary for the purpose of pricing shares or valuing the Fund’s investment portfolio; (f) provides compliance testing of all Fund activities against applicable

 

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requirements of the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder, the Code, and the Fund’s investment restrictions; (g) furnishes to the Adviser such statistical and other factual information and information regarding economic factors and trends as the Adviser from time to time may require; and (h) generally provides all administrative services that may be required for the ongoing operation of the Trust in a manner consistent with the requirements of the 1940 Act.

 

For the services it provides, the Adviser pays the Sub-Administrator an annual fee based on the value of the aggregate average daily net assets of all funds, including the Fund, under its administration managed by the Adviser and its affiliates as follows: 0.0275% - first $10 billion, 0.0125% - exceeding $10 billion but less than $15 billion, 0.01% - over $15 billion but less than $20 billion and 0.008% - over $20 billion. The Sub-Administrator’s fee is paid by the Adviser and will result in no additional expenses to the Fund.

 

Counsel

 

Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10166, serves as the Trust’s legal counsel.

 

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

[___________], serves as the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm. [______] provides audit services and tax return preparation services in connection with the Fund.

 

Custodian, Transfer Agent, and Dividend Disbursing Agent

 

The Bank of New York Mellon (“BNYM”), located at 240 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10286, is the Custodian for the Fund’s cash and securities. BNYM is also the Transfer Agent and performs the shareholder services and acts as the Fund’s transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent. BNYM does not assist in or is responsible for investment decisions involving assets of the Fund.

 

Distributor

 

G. distributors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly owned subsidiary of GAMI, having its principal offices located at One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580-1422, is the Fund’s distributor (the “Distributor”). G.distributors, LLC, serves as the distributor of shares that have been aggregated into blocks of 5,000 shares or multiples thereof (“Creation Units”) for the Fund on an agency basis. The Distributor does not maintain a secondary market in shares. The Distributor has no role in determining the policies of the Fund or the securities that are purchased or sold by the Fund.

 

The Board has adopted a plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 for the Fund. However, no Rule 12b-1 plan fee is currently charged to the Fund, and there are no plans in place to impose a Rule 12b-1 plan fee. The plan, if implemented, is designed to benefit the Fund and its shareholders. The plan is expected to, among other things, increase advertising of the Fund, encourage purchases of Fund shares and service to its shareholders, and increase or maintain assets of the Fund so that certain fixed expenses may be spread over a broader asset base, with a positive impact on per share expense ratios. In addition, a positive cash flow into the Fund is useful in managing the Fund because the Adviser has more flexibility in taking advantage of new investment opportunities and handling shareholder redemptions.

 

Under the plan, the Fund pays the Distributor or others for the expenses of activities that are primarily intended to sell shares of the Fund. These expenses also may include service fees paid to securities dealers or others who have executed a servicing agreement with the Fund, the Distributor or its affiliates and who provide service or account maintenance to shareholders (service fees), and the expenses of printing prospectuses and reports used for sales purposes, of marketing support and of preparing and distributing sales literature and advertisements. Together, these expenses, including the service fees, are “eligible expenses.” Such payments would be fixed and not based on expenses incurred by the distributor.

 

In addition to the payments that the distributor or others are entitled to under the plan, the plan also provides that to the extent the Fund, the Adviser or the Distributor or other parties on behalf of the Fund, the Adviser or the Distributor make payments that are deemed to be for the financing of any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of Fund shares within the context of Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, then such payments shall be deemed to have been made pursuant to the plan.

 

To the extent fees are for distribution or marketing functions, as distinguished from administrative servicing or agency transactions, certain banks may not participate in the plan because of applicable federal law prohibiting certain banks from engaging in the distribution of Fund shares. These banks, however, are allowed to receive fees under the plans for administrative servicing or for agency transactions.

 

The distributor must provide written reports to the Board at least quarterly on the amounts and purpose of any payment made under the plans and any related agreements, and furnish the Board with such other information as the Board may reasonably request to enable it to make an informed determination of whether the plan should be continued.

 

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The plan has been approved according to the provisions of Rule 12b-1. The terms and provisions of the plan also are consistent with Rule 12b-1.

 

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

 

The Adviser and its affiliates currently serve as investment adviser to a number of investment companies and private account clients and may in the future act as investment adviser to others. It is the policy of the Adviser and its affiliates to allocate investments suitable and appropriate for each such client in a manner believed by the Adviser to be equitable to each client. In making such allocations among the Fund and other client accounts, the main factors considered are the respective investment objectives, the relative size of portfolio holdings of the same or comparable securities, the availability of cash for investment, the size of investment commitments generally held and the opinions of the persons responsible for managing the portfolios of the Fund and other client accounts.

 

The Adviser is authorized on behalf of the Fund to employ brokers to effect the purchase or sale of portfolio securities with the objective of obtaining prompt, efficient, and reliable execution and clearance of such transactions at the most favorable price obtainable (“best execution”) at a reasonable expense. The Adviser is permitted to (1) direct Fund portfolio brokerage to G.research, an affiliate of the Adviser and a broker-dealer member of FINRA; and (2) pay commissions to brokers other than G.research which are higher than what might be charged by another qualified broker to obtain brokerage and/or research services considered by the Adviser to be useful or desirable for its investment management of the Fund and/or other advisory accounts under the management of the Adviser and any investment adviser affiliated with it. The Adviser does not consider the sales of shares of the Fund or other investment funds managed by the Adviser and its affiliates by brokers, including G.research, as a factor in its selection of brokers or dealers for the Fund’s portfolio transactions and has adopted compliance policies and procedures for itself and its affiliates to prevent any such transactions on that basis.

 

Transactions on U.S. stock exchanges involve the payment of negotiated brokerage commissions, which may vary among brokers. Transactions in securities other than those for which a securities exchange is the principal market are generally executed through a principal market maker. However, such transactions may be effected through a brokerage firm and a commission is paid whenever it appears that the broker can obtain a price that is at least as favorable taking into account its commissions. In general, there may be no stated commission on principal transactions in OTC securities, but the prices of such securities usually include undisclosed commissions or markups. Option transactions will usually be effected through a broker and a commission will be charged. The Fund also expects that securities will be purchased at times in underwritten offerings where the price includes a fixed amount of compensation generally referred to as a concession or discount.

 

The Adviser currently serves as investment adviser to a number of investment company clients and private accounts and may in the future act as adviser to others. Affiliates of the Adviser act as investment adviser to numerous private accounts and adviser to other investment companies. It is the policy of the Adviser and its affiliates to cause purchase and sale transactions to be allocated among the Fund and others whose assets they manage in such manner as it deems equitable. In making such allocations among the Fund and other client accounts, the main factors considered are the respective investment objectives, the relative size of portfolio holdings of the same or comparable securities, the availability of cash for investment, the size of investment commitments generally held, and the opinions of the persons responsible for managing the portfolios of the Fund and other client accounts.

 

The policy of the Fund regarding purchases and sales of securities and options for its portfolio is that primary consideration will be given to obtaining the most favorable prices and efficient execution of transactions. In seeking to implement the Fund’s policies, the Adviser effects transactions with those brokers and dealers who the Adviser believes can obtain the most favorable prices and are capable of providing efficient executions. If the Adviser believes such price and execution are obtainable from more than one broker or dealer, it may give consideration to placing portfolio transactions with those brokers or dealers who also furnish research and other services to the Fund or the Adviser of the type described in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. In doing so, the Fund may also pay higher commission rates than the lowest available when the Adviser believes it is reasonable to do so in light of the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker effecting the transaction. Such services may include, but are not limited to, any one or more of the following: (i) information as to the availability of securities for purchase or sale; (ii) statistical or factual information or opinions pertaining to investments; (iii) wire services; and (iv) appraisals or evaluations of potential and existing investments.

 

Research services furnished by brokers or dealers through which the Fund effects security transactions are used by the Adviser and its advisory affiliates in carrying out their responsibilities with respect to all of their accounts over which they exercise investment discretion. Such investment information may be useful only to one or more of such other accounts. The purpose of this sharing of research information is to avoid duplicative charges for research provided by brokers and dealers. Neither the Fund nor the Adviser has any agreement or legally binding understanding with any broker or dealer regarding any specific amount of brokerage commissions which will be paid in recognition of such services. However, in determining the amount of portfolio commissions directed to such brokers or dealers, the Adviser considers the level of services provided.

 

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Investment research obtained by allocations of the Fund’s brokerage is used to augment the scope and supplement the internal research and investment strategy capabilities of the Adviser but does not reduce the overall expenses of the Adviser to any material extent. Such investment research may be in written form or through direct contact with individuals and includes information on particular companies and industries as well as market, economic, or institutional activity areas. Research services furnished by brokers through which the Fund effects securities transactions are used by the Adviser and its advisory affiliates in carrying out their responsibilities with respect to all of their accounts over which they exercise investment discretion. Such investment information may be useful only to one or more of the other accounts of the Adviser and its advisory affiliates, and research information received for the commissions of those particular accounts may be useful both to the Fund and one or more of such other accounts.

 

The Adviser may also place orders for the purchase or sale of portfolio securities with G.research when it appears that, as an introducing broker or otherwise, G.research can obtain a price, execution, and commission which is at least as favorable as that obtainable by other qualified brokers and at a commission rate at least as favorable as it provides to its best customers for similar transactions. As required by Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act, the Board has adopted procedures which provide that the commissions paid to G.research on brokerage transactions must not exceed those which would have been charged by another qualified broker or member firm able to effect the same or a comparable transaction at an equally favorable price or it is what G.research charges its most favored customers on similar transactions. Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act and the Trust’s procedures contain requirements that the Board, including the Independent Trustees, review such commissions and transactions quarterly and procedures at least annually to determine their continuing appropriateness. The Adviser and G.research are also required to furnish reports and maintain records in connection with such reviews.

 

To obtain the best execution of portfolio trades on the NYSE, G.research controls and monitors the execution of such transactions on the floor of the NYSE through independent “floor brokers” or the Designated Order Turnaround System of the NYSE. Such transactions are then cleared, confirmed to the Fund for the account of G.research, and settled directly with the Custodian of the Fund by a clearing house member firm which remits the commission less its clearing charges to the G.research. G.research may also effect the Fund’s portfolio transactions in the same manner and pursuant to the same arrangements on other national securities exchanges which adopt direct access rules similar to those of the NYSE. In addition, G.research may directly execute transactions for the Fund on the floor of any exchange, provided: (i) the Board has expressly authorized G.research to effect such transactions; and (ii) G.research annually advises the Fund of the aggregate compensation it earned on such transactions.

 

The Fund did not commence operations as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, and therefore did not pay any brokerage commissions during that period.

 

BUYING AND SELLING OF SHARES

 

Information about buying and selling Fund shares is contained in the Fund’s prospectus. The prospectus is available to investors without charge and may be obtained by calling 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554) or through the Internet at www.gabelli.com.

 

DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

 

The NAV is calculated on each business day that the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) is open. The NYSE is open Monday through Friday, but currently is scheduled to be closed on New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day and on the preceding Friday or subsequent Monday when a holiday falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively.

 

The Fund’s NAV is determined as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE, normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time. The NAV of the Fund is computed by dividing the value of the Fund’s net assets, i.e., the value of its securities and other assets less its liabilities, including expenses payable or accrued by the total number of shares outstanding at the time the determination is made.

 

Equity securities listed or traded on a national securities exchange or traded in the U.S. over-the-counter market where trades are reported contemporaneously and for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the last quoted sale or a market’s official closing price at the close of the exchange’s or other market’s regular trading hours, as of or prior to the time and day as of which such value is being determined. Portfolio securities traded on more than one national securities exchange or market are valued according to the broadest and most representative market as determined by the Adviser. If there has been no sale on the day the valuation is made, the securities are valued at the mean of the closing bid and ask prices on the principal market for such security on such day. If no ask prices are quoted on such day, then the security is valued at the closing bid price on the principal market for such security on such day. If no bid or ask prices are quoted on such day, the Fund’s accounting agent will notify the Adviser and the security will be valued based on written or standing instructions from the Adviser.

 

Initial public offering securities are initially valued at cost. Upon commencement of trading, these securities are valued like any other equity security.

 

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Occasionally, reliable market quotations are not readily available (such as for certain restricted or unlisted securities and private placements) or securities and other assets may not be reliably priced (such as in the case of trade suspensions or halts, price movement limits set by certain foreign markets, and thinly traded or illiquid securities), or there may be events affecting the value of foreign securities or other securities held by the Fund that occur when regular trading or foreign or other exchanges are closed, but before trading on the NYSE is closed. Securities and other assets for which market quotations are not readily available are fair valued as determined by the Adviser, as the “valuation designee,” as such term is defined in Rule 2a-5(e)(4) under the 1940 Act, pursuant to Fair Value Procedures adopted pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act. The Board oversees the Adviser in its role as the Valuation Designee in accordance with the requirements of Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act. Fair valuation methodologies and procedures may include, but are not limited to: analysis and review of available financial and non-financial information about the company; comparisons with the valuation and changes in valuation of similar securities, including a comparison of foreign securities to the equivalent U.S. dollar value American Depositary Receipt securities at the close of the relevant U.S. exchange; and evaluation of any other information that could be indicative of the value of the security.

 

Attempts to determine the fair value of securities introduce an element of subjectivity to the pricing of securities. As a result, the price of a security determined through fair valuation techniques may differ from the price quoted or published by other sources and may not accurately reflect the market value of the security when trading resumes.

 

NAV is the price at which the Fund issues and redeems shares. It is calculated in accordance with the standard formula for valuing mutual fund shares. The market price of the Fund generally is determined using the midpoint between the highest bid and the lowest ask on the primary securities exchange on which shares of the Fund are listed for trading, as of the time that the Fund’s NAV is calculated. The Fund’s market price may be at, above or below its NAV. The NAV of the Fund will fluctuate with changes in the value of its portfolio holdings. The market price of the Fund will fluctuate in accordance with changes in its NAV, as well as market supply and demand.

 

Premiums or discounts are the differences (expressed as a percentage) between the NAV and market price of the Fund on a given day, generally at the time the NAV is calculated. A premium is the amount that the Fund is trading above the reported NAV, expressed as a percentage of the NAV. A discount is the amount that the Fund is trading below the reported NAV, expressed as a percentage of the NAV.

 

Because shares of the Fund may trade at a premium or discount, shareholders may pay more than NAV when they buy shares of the Fund and receive less than NAV when they sell those shares, because the shares are bought and sold at current market prices.

 

Information regarding how often the shares of the Fund traded on the applicable exchange at a price above (at a premium) or below (at a discount) the NAV of the Fund for the most recently completed calendar year, and the most recently completed calendar quarters since that year, can be found at www.gabelli.com/funds/etfs.

 

NYSE Closings

 

The holidays (as observed) on which the NYSE is closed, and therefore days upon which shareholders cannot redeem shares, currently are: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day and on the preceding Friday or subsequent Monday when a holiday falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively.

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING TAXES

 

General

 

Set forth below is a discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax issues concerning the Fund and the purchase, ownership, and disposition of the Fund’s shares by U.S. persons who hold their shares as capital assets (generally, assets held for investment). This discussion is based upon present provisions of the Code, the regulations promulgated thereunder, and judicial and administrative ruling authorities, all of which are subject to change, which change may be retroactive. This discussion does not purport to be complete or to address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to investors in light of their particular circumstances. No ruling has been or is expected to be sought from the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) or opinion of counsel regarding any matter discussed herein. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position different from any of the tax aspects set forth below. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisers with regard to the U.S. federal tax consequences of the purchase, ownership, or disposition of shares of the Fund, as well as the tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, foreign country, or other taxing jurisdiction.

 

The Fund has elected to qualify and intends to continue to qualify on an annual basis as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. Accordingly, the Fund must, among other things, (a) derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross

 

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income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities, or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities, or currencies, and net income from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships,” i.e., partnerships that are traded on an established securities market or that are readily tradable on a secondary market (or the substantial equivalent thereof), other than partnerships that derive 90% or more of their gross income from interest, dividends, capital gains, and other traditional permitted mutual fund income and (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the taxable year (i) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, the securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is invested in the securities of (I) any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities and the securities of other regulated investment companies), (II) any two or more issuers (other than securities of other regulated investment companies) that it controls (by owning at least 20% of such issuer’s outstanding voting securities) and that are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses or (III) any one or more “qualified publicly traded partnerships.”

 

The Fund may be able to cure a failure to derive 90% of its income from the sources specified above or a failure to diversify its holdings in the manner described above by paying a tax, by disposing of certain assets, or by paying a tax and disposing of assets. If, in any taxable year, the Fund fails one of these tests and does not timely cure the failure, the Fund will be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and distributions to its shareholders will not be deductible by the Fund in computing its taxable income.

 

Although in general the passive activity loss rules of the Code do not apply to regulated investment companies, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership. Fund investments in partnerships, including in qualified publicly traded partnerships, may result in the Fund being subject to state, local or foreign income, franchise, or withholding tax liabilities.

 

As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally is not subject to U.S. federal income tax on income and gains that it distributes to shareholders, if at least 90% of the Fund’s investment company taxable income (which includes, among other items, dividends, interest, and the excess of any net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and 90% of the Fund’s net tax-exempt income for the taxable year is distributed (or deemed distributed) in that taxable year. Any income or gains retained by the Fund will be subject to regular corporate-level income taxes. In addition, if the Fund were to fail to meet its annual distribution requirement or otherwise fail to qualify as a regulated investment company in any given year, the Fund would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates on all of its taxable income and gains in that year. There is no assurance that the Fund will make sufficient distributions to eliminate all taxes at the Fund level in all periods.

 

The Fund will determine either to distribute or to retain for reinvestment all or part of any net long-term capital gains. If any such gains are retained by the Fund, the Fund will be subject to tax on such retained amount. In that event, the Fund expects that it will designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders, each of whom (1) will be required to include in income for tax purposes as long-term capital gains, its share of the undistributed amount, (2) will be entitled to credit its proportionate share of the tax paid by the Fund against its federal income tax liability and to claim refunds to the extent the credit exceeds such liability, and (3) will increase its basis in its shares of the Fund by an amount equal to the amount of undistributed capital gains included in such shareholder’s gross income net of such tax.

 

Under the Code, amounts not distributed on a timely basis in accordance with a calendar year distribution requirement are subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax at the Fund level. To avoid the tax, the Fund must distribute during each calendar year an amount equal to at least the sum of (1) 98% of its ordinary income (not taking into account any capital gains or losses) for the calendar year, (2) 98.2% of its capital gains in excess of its capital losses for the one year period generally ending on October 31 of the calendar year (unless an election is made by the Fund with a November or December year-end to use the Fund’s fiscal year) and (3) certain ordinary income and net capital gains for previous years that were not previously distributed. To avoid application of the excise tax, the Fund intends to make distributions in accordance with calendar year distribution requirements.

 

Gains or losses on the sale of securities by the Fund will be long-term capital gains or losses if the securities have been held by the Fund for more than twelve months. Gains or losses on the sale of securities held for twelve months or less will be short-term capital gains or losses.

 

Certain options, futures contracts, and options on futures contracts are “section 1256 contracts.” Any gains or losses on section 1256 contracts are generally considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses (“60/40”). Also, section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of each taxable year are “marked-to-market” with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss is treated as 60/40 gain or loss.

 

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Hedging transactions undertaken by the Fund may result in “straddles” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may affect the character of gains (or losses) realized by the Fund. In addition, losses realized by the Fund on positions that are part of a straddle may be deferred under the straddle rules, rather than being taken into account in calculating the taxable income for the taxable year in which such losses are realized. Further, the Fund may be required to capitalize, rather than deduct currently, any interest expense on indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase or carry any positions that are part of a straddle. The Fund may make one or more of the elections available under the Code which are applicable to straddles. If the Fund makes any of the elections, the amount, character, and timing of the recognition of gains or losses from the affected straddle positions will be determined under rules that vary according to the election(s) made. The rules applicable under certain of the elections accelerate the recognition of gains or losses from the affected straddle positions.

 

Because application of the straddle rules may affect the character of gains or losses, defer losses, and/or accelerate the recognition of gains or losses from the affected straddle positions, and require the capitalization of interest expense, the amount which must be distributed to shareholders, and which will be taxed to shareholders as ordinary income or long-term capital gain, as described below, may be increased or decreased substantially as compared to the Fund that did not engage in such hedging transactions.

 

Distributions

 

Dividends and other distributions by the Fund are generally treated under the Code as received by the shareholders at the time the dividend or distribution is made. However, a distribution will be treated as paid during the calendar year if it is paid during the calendar year or declared by the Fund in October, November, or December of that year, payable to shareholders of record on a date during any such month and paid by the Fund during January of the following year. Any such distributions paid during January of the following year will be deemed to be received on December 31 of the year the distributions are declared, rather than when the distributions are received.

 

Except as provided below, distributions of investment company taxable income are taxable to a U.S. shareholder as ordinary income. Properly designated distributions attributable to qualified dividends received by the Fund from certain U.S. and non-U.S. corporations are taxable to U.S. shareholders who are individuals at the reduced rate applicable to long-term capital gains, provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met. Properly designated dividends paid by the Fund to a corporate shareholder, to the extent such dividends are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations, may, subject to limitations, be eligible for the dividends received deduction.

 

Properly designated distributions of net capital gain (which consist of the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) (“capital gain dividends”), if any, are taxable as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long the shareholder has held its Fund shares, and are not eligible for the dividends received deduction. If the NAV of shares is reduced below a shareholder’s cost as a result of a distribution by the Fund, such distribution may be taxable even though it represents a partial return of invested capital in an economic sense. The price of shares purchased at any time may reflect the amount of a forthcoming distribution. Those purchasing shares just prior to a distribution will receive a distribution which will be taxable to them, even though the distribution represents in part a return of invested capital. The Fund may make taxable distributions even during periods in which share price has declined.

 

If the Fund’s distributions exceed the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, the excess will be treated as a tax free return of capital to the extent of the shareholder’s basis in its shares (reducing the basis of such shares accordingly). Amounts exceeding the shareholder’s basis will be treated as gain from the sale or exchange of the shares (capital gains, if the shareholder holds his shares as capital assets).

 

Disposition of Shares

 

Upon a redemption, sale or exchange of shares, a shareholder will realize a taxable gain or loss depending upon the basis in the shares. Such gain or loss will be capital gain or loss if the shares of capital assets in the shareholder’s hands, and for non-corporate shareholders, long-term capital gain or loss, if the shareholder’s holding period for the shares is more than twelve months. Any loss realized on a redemption, sale or exchange will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced (including through reinvestment of Fund dividends) within a sixty-one day period beginning thirty days before and ending thirty days after the date the shares are disposed of. In such case, the basis of the shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.

 

Any loss realized by a shareholder on the redemption, sale, or exchange of Fund shares held by the shareholder for six months or less will be treated for tax purposes as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions of net capital gains (including amounts credited as an undistributed capital gain dividend) received by the shareholder with respect to such shares.

 

If a shareholder (i) incurs a sales load charge in acquiring shares in the Fund and, by reason of incurring such charge or acquiring the shares, acquires the right to acquire shares of one or more regulated investment companies without the payment of a load charge or with the payment of a reduced load charge (a “reinvestment right”), and (ii) disposes of Fund shares before the 91st day after the date on which the shares were acquired and subsequently acquires shares in the Fund or in another regulated investment company before

 

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January 31 of the calendar year following the year of such disposition whereby the otherwise applicable load charge is reduced by reason of the reinvestment right, then the original load charge will not be taken into account for the purposes of determining the shareholder’s gain or loss on the disposition (to the extent the original load charge does not exceed the reduction in the subsequent load charge) subject to certain exceptions. To the extent such charge is not taken into account in determining the amount of gain or loss, the charge will be treated as incurred in connection with the subsequently acquired shares and will have a corresponding effect on the shareholder’s basis in such shares.

 

Tax on Net Investment Income

 

Certain U.S. holders who are individuals, estates or trusts and whose income exceeds certain thresholds will be required to pay a 3.8% federal tax on all or a portion of their “net investment income,” which includes dividends received from the Fund and capital gains from the sale or other disposition of the Fund’s stock.

 

Backup Withholding

 

The Trust generally will be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax on all taxable distributions payable to shareholders who fail to provide their correct taxpayer identification number, currently at a rate of 24%, or Social Security number or to make required certifications, or who have been notified by the IRS that they are subject to backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability if timely filings are made to the IRS.

 

Other Taxes

 

Dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds may also be subject to additional state, local, and foreign taxes depending on each shareholder’s particular situation. Non-U.S. shareholders may be subject to U.S. tax rules that differ significantly from those summarized above, including the likelihood that ordinary income dividends distributed to them will be subject to withholding of U.S. tax at a rate of 30% (or a lower treaty rate, if applicable), or that distributions may be subject to withholding of U.S. tax at a rate of 30% in the case of certain non-U.S. entities that fail to satisfy applicable reporting and certification requirements regarding their owners and/or account holders. Under proposed Treasury regulations, which may be relied upon by taxpayers until final regulations are published, there is no FATCA withholdings on certain capital gains distributions and gross proceeds from a sale or disposition of Fund shares (See FATCA, below).

 

If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to the Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not exempted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

 

Foreign Withholding Taxes

 

Income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries. Tax treaties between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes. It is impossible to determine the rate of foreign tax in advance since the amount of the Fund’s assets to be invested in various countries is not known. The Fund does not expect that it will be eligible to elect to pass through to its shareholders the ability to use the foreign tax deduction or foreign tax credit for foreign taxes paid by the Fund with respect to qualifying taxes.

 

The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”)

 

A 30% withholding tax on the Fund’s distributions generally applies if paid to a foreign entity unless: (i) if the foreign entity is a “foreign financial institution,” it undertakes certain due diligence, reporting, withholding and certification obligations, (ii) if the foreign entity is not a “foreign financial institution,” it identifies certain of its U.S. investors or (iii) the foreign entity is otherwise excepted under FATCA. If required under the rules above, and subject to any applicable intergovernmental agreements, withholding under FATCA applies generally with respect to distributions from the Fund. Under proposed Treasury regulations, which may be relied upon by taxpayers until final Treasury regulations are published, there is no FATCA withholdings on certain capital gains distributions and gross proceeds from a sale or disposition of Fund shares. If withholding is required under FATCA on a payment related to your shares, investors that otherwise would not be subject to withholding (or that otherwise would be entitled to a reduced rate of withholding) on such payment generally will be required to seek a refund or credit from the IRS to obtain the benefits of such exemption or reduction. The Fund will not pay any additional amounts in respect to amounts withheld under FATCA. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the effect of FATCA based on your individual circumstances.

 

50

 

 

Special Federal Income Tax Rules

 

Certain of the Fund’s investment practices are subject to special and complex federal income tax provisions that may, among other things, (i) disallow, suspend, or otherwise limit the allowance of certain losses or deductions, (ii) convert lower taxed long-term capital gain or qualified dividend income into higher taxed short-term capital gain or ordinary income, (iii) convert an ordinary loss or a deduction into a capital loss (the deductibility of which is limited), (iv) cause the Fund to recognize income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash, (v) adversely affect the time as to when a purchase or sale of stock or securities is deemed to occur and (vi) adversely alter the characterization of certain complex financial transactions. The Fund will monitor its transactions and may, but is not required to, make certain tax elections in order to mitigate the effect of these provisions.

 

INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

 

From time to time, the Fund may quote its performance in advertisements or in reports and other communications to shareholders, computed according to formulas prescribed by the SEC.

 

The Fund’s performance will vary from time to time depending upon market conditions, the composition of its portfolio, and its operating expenses. Consequently, any given performance quotation should not be considered representative of the Fund’s performance for any specified period in the future. In addition, when considering “average” total return figures for periods longer than one year, it is important to note that the Fund’s annual total returns for any one year in the period might have been greater or less than the average for the entire period. In addition, because the performance will fluctuate, it may not provide a basis for comparing an investment in the Fund with certain bank deposits or other investments that pay a fixed yield for a stated period of time. Investors comparing the Fund’s performance with that of other funds should give consideration to the quality and maturity of the respective investment companies’ portfolio securities.

 

In reports or other communications to shareholders or in advertising material, the Fund may compare its performance with that of other funds as listed in the rankings prepared by Lipper Inc., Morningstar, Inc., or similar independent services that monitor the performance of funds or other industry or financial publications. It is important to note that the total return figures are based on historical results and are not intended to indicate future performance. Shareholders may make inquiries regarding the Fund’s total return figures to the Distributor.

 

In its reports, investor communications or advertisements, the Fund may also include: (i) descriptions and updates concerning its strategies and portfolio investments; (ii) its goals, risk factors, and expenses compared with other funds; (iii) analysis of its investments by industry, country, credit quality, and other characteristics; (iv) a discussion of the risk/return continuum relating to different investments; (v) the general biography or work experience of the portfolio manager of the Fund; (vi) portfolio manager commentary or market updates; (vii) discussion of macroeconomic factors affecting the Fund and its investments; and (viii) other information of interest to investors.

 

In connection with communicating its yield or total return to current or prospective shareholders, the Fund may also compare these figures to the performance of other funds tracked by Fund rating services or to other unmanaged indexes which may assume reinvestment of dividends but generally do not reflect deductions for administrative and management costs.

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE FUND’S SHARES

 

The Trust’s Third Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated as of February 6, 2025, as amended May 29, 2025 (the “Declaration of Trust”), permits the Trustees to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest of one or more separate series representing interests in one or more investment portfolios.

 

Each share is entitled to one vote with respect to matters upon which it is entitled to vote under the Declaration of Trust and consistent with the requirements of the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder, and each fractional share is entitled to a proportional fractional vote. Shares of all series vote together as a single class, except that if the matter being voted on affects only one or more particular series it will be voted on only by all such affected series, and if a matter affects a particular series differently from other series, that series will vote separately on such matter. Under Delaware law, the Trust is not required to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940 Act. The policy of the Trust is not to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940 Act. All shares of the Trust have noncumulative voting rights for the election of Trustees. Under the Declaration of Trust, Trustees of the Trust may be removed by vote of the shareholders.

 

The shares of the Fund represent a beneficial interest in the Fund’s securities and other assets and in its profits or losses.

 

51

 

 

Information for Shareholders

 

All shareholder inquiries regarding administrative procedures including the purchase and redemption of shares should be directed to the Distributor, G.distributors, LLC, One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580-1422. For assistance, call 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554) or through the internet at www.gabelli.com.

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The Fund has not commenced operations as of the date of this SAI. As a result, no financial information is available.

 

52

 

 

APPENDIX A

 

DESCRIPTION OF CORPORATE DEBT RATINGS

 

MOODY’S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. (“Moody’s”)

 

Aaa: Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.

 

Aa: Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

 

A: Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

 

Baa: Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.

 

Ba: Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.

 

B: Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to very high credit risk.

 

Caa: Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

 

Ca: Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.

 

C: Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

 

NR: NR is assigned to an unrated issuer, obligation and/or program.

 

Should no rating be assigned, the reason may be one of the following:

 

1. An application for rating was not received or accepted.

 

2. The issue or issuer belongs to a group of securities that are not rated as a matter of policy.

 

3. There is a lack of essential data pertaining to the issue or issuer.

 

4. The issue was privately placed, in which case the rating is not published in Moody’s publications.

 

Suspension or withdrawal may occur if new and material circumstances arise, the effects of which preclude satisfactory analysis; if there is no longer available reasonable up-to-date data to permit a judgment to be formed; if a bond is called for redemption; or for other reasons.

 

Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers, 1, 2 and 3 in each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of its generic rating category. Additionally, a “(hyb)” indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.

 

S&P GLOBAL RATINGS (“S&P”)

 

AAA: An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.

 

AA:

An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.

   
A: An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.

 

A-1

 

 

BBB: An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
   
BB, B, CCC,
CC, C:
Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’, and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
   
BB: An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
   
B: An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
   
CCC: An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
   
CC: An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘CC’ rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but S&P expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
   
C: An obligation rated ‘C’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher.
   
D: An obligation rated ‘D’ is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
   
NR: This indicates that no rating has been requested or that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that S&P does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

 

Description of S&P and Moody’s commercial paper ratings:

 

The designation A-1 by S&P indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong. Capacity for timely payment on issues with an A-2 designation is satisfactory. However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated A-1.

 

The rating Prime-1 (P-1) is the highest commercial paper rating assigned by Moody’s. Issuers of P-1 paper must have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations, and ordinarily will be evidenced by leading market positions in well-established industries, high rates of return of Funds employed, conservative capitalization structures with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection, broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation, and well established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of alternate liquidity.

 

A-2

 

 

PART C: OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 28 Exhibits

 

(a) (1)

Third Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust for Gabelli ETFs Trust (the “Registrant”) is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 13 to the Registration Statement filed on Form N-1A as filed on April 30, 2025 (Accession No. 0001829126-25-003220) (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 13”).

     
    (2) Written Consent and Amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 to the Registration Statement filed on Form N-1A as filed on June 27, 2025 (Accession No. 0001829126-25-004754) (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 14”).
     
(b)

By-Laws of the Registrant are incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement filed on Form N-1A/A as filed on December 28, 2020 (Accession No. 0001387131-20-011758) (“Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2”).

     
(c) Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders are incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Third Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust filed as exhibit (a)(2) and to the By-Laws of the Registrant filed as exhibit (b).
     
(d) (1)

Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Gabelli Funds, LLC, on behalf of Gabelli Growth Innovators ETF, is incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.

     
    (2)

Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Gabelli Funds, LLC, on behalf of Gabelli Financial Services Opportunities ETF, is incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.

     
    (3)

Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Gabelli Funds, LLC, on behalf of Gabelli Global Equity Income ETF (formerly known as Gabelli Global Small Cap ETF), is incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.

     
    (4)

Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Gabelli Funds, LLC, on behalf of Gabelli Small & Mid Cap ETF, is incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.

     
    (5)

Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Gabelli Funds, LLC, on behalf of Gabelli Micro Cap ETF, is incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.

     
    (6)

Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Gabelli Funds, LLC, on behalf of Gabelli Love Our Planet & People ETF, is incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.

     
    (7)

Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Gabelli Funds, LLC, on behalf of Gabelli Automation ETF (formerly known as Gabelli Asset ETF), is incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.

     
    (8) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Gabelli Funds, LLC, on behalf of Gabelli Commercial Aerospace and Defense ETF (formerly known as Gabelli Equity Income ETF), is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to the Registration Statement filed on Form N-1A/A as filed on January 10, 2023 (Accession No. 0001193125-23-005355).
     
    (9)

Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Gabelli Funds, LLC, on behalf of Gabelli Green Energy ETF, is incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.

 

C-1

 

 

    (10)

Fee Waiver Agreement between the Registrant and Gabelli Funds, LLC, on behalf the Gabelli Love Our Planet & People ETF, is incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement filed on Form N-1A/A as filed on October 20, 2020 (SEC Accession No. 0001193125-20-272753) (“Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1”).

       
    (11) Fee Waiver Agreement between the Registrant and Gabelli Funds, LLC, on behalf the Gabelli Automation ETF (formerly known as Gabelli Asset ETF), is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement filed on Form N-1A/A as filed on April 29, 2022 (SEC Accession No. 0001193125-22-132960) (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 2”).
     
    (12)

Fee Waiver Agreement between the Registrant and Gabelli Funds, LLC, on behalf of the Gabelli Commercial Aerospace and Defense ETF (formerly known as Gabelli Equity Income ETF), is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Registration Statement filed on Form N-1A/A as filed on March 9, 2023 (SEC Accession No. 0001193125-23-066220) (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 5”).

     
    (13)

Fee Waiver Agreement between the Registrant and Gabelli Funds, LLC, on behalf of the Gabelli Equity Income ETF (formerly known as Gabelli Global Small Cap ETF) is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5.

     
    (14) Fee Waiver Agreement between the Registrant and Gabelli Funds, LLC, on behalf of Gabelli Financial Services Opportunities ETF is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 to the Registration Statement filed on Form N-1A/A as filed on April 29, 2024 (SEC Accession No. 0001829126-24-002880) (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 8”).
       
    (15) Fee Waiver Agreement between Registrant and Gabelli Funds, LLC, on behalf of Gabelli Growth Innovators ETF is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 13.
     
  (e) (1)

Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and G.distributors, LLC, is incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1.

     
    (2)

Plan of Distribution Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 of the Registrant is incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1.

     
(f) Not Applicable.
     
(g) (1)

Appendix to the Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon is incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1.

     
    (2)

Amendment to Foreign Custody Manager Agreement between GAMCO Investors, Inc. on behalf of the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon, is incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1.

     
(h) (1)

Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon is incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1.

     
    (2)

Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon is incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1.

 

C-2

 

 

    (3)

Authorized Participant Agreement between G.distributors, LLC and the Authorized Participant named therein is incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1.

     
    (4)

AP Representative Confidentiality Agreement between the Registrant and the AP Representative named therein is incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1.

       
    (5) Authorized Participant Agreement between G.distributors, LLC and the Authorized Participant named therein with respect to the Financial Services Opportunities ETF is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 12 to the Registration Statement as filed on September 13, 2024 (SEC Accession No. 0001999371-24-011869).
       
    (6) Authorized Participant Agreement between G.distributors, LLC and the Authorized Participant named therein with respect to the Asset ETF is to be filed by amendment.

 

(i) (1)

Opinion of Morris, Nichols, Arsht & Tunnell LLP, is incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.

     
    (2) Opinion of [●] is to be filed by amendment.
     
(j) (1) Consent of [●], Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, is to be filed by amendment.
     
    (2)

Powers of Attorney for John Birch, Anthony S. Colavita, Michael Ferrantino, Leslie F. Foley, Christopher J. Marangi, Michael J. Melarkey, Agnes Mullady, and Salvatore J. Zizza, dated May 29, 2025, is incorporated by reference to Post- Effective Amendment No. 14.

     
    (3) Powers of Attorney for James P. Conn, John D. Gabelli, Mario J. Gabelli, Eileen C. Nakamura, Werner J. Roeder, Anthonie C. van Ekris and Salvatore J. Zizza (Trustees of the Gabelli Asset ETF), dated May 29, 2025, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 14.
     
    (4) Consent of Paul Hastings LLP is filed herewith.
     
  (k) Not Applicable.
     
  (l)

Subscription Agreement between the Registrant and Gabelli Funds, LLC, is incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.

     
  (m) Not Applicable.
     
  (n) Not Applicable.
     
  (o) Not Applicable.
     
  (p)

Revised Code of Ethics for the Registrant, Gabelli Funds, LLC, GAMCO Asset Management, Inc., G.research, LLC, G.distributors, LLC, Gabelli & Partners, LLC, and Gabelli & Company Investment Advisers, Inc., dated August 3, 2023, is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 8.

 

C-3

 

 

Item 29. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with Registrant

 

None.

 

Item 30. Indemnification

 

To the extent consistent with Section 17(h) and (i) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and pursuant to Article VIII of the Registrant’s Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust, Trustees, officers and employees of the Trust will be indemnified to the maximum extent permitted by Delaware law and the 1940 Act.

 

Reference is made to the provisions of Article VIII of the Registrant’s Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust hereby incorporated by reference (as noted in Item 28(a) above).

 

Insofar as indemnification of liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”) may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

The Registrant hereby undertakes that it will apply the indemnification provisions of its Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust, the Investment Advisory Agreements and the Distribution Agreement in a manner consistent with Release No. 11330 of the Securities and Exchange Commission under the 1940 Act, as amended.

 

Item 31. Business and Other Connections of the Investment Adviser

 

Gabelli Funds, LLC (the “Adviser”) is a registered investment adviser providing investment management and administrative services to the Registrant. The Adviser also provides similar services to other funds.

 

The information required by this Item 31 with respect to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by directors and officers of the Adviser during the past two fiscal years is incorporated by reference to Form ADV filed by the Adviser pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (SEC File No. 801-37706).

 

C-4

 

 

Item 32. Principal Underwriter
   
(a) G.distributors, LLC, (“G.distributors”) currently acts as distributor for Gabelli 787 Fund, Inc., The Gabelli Asset Fund, Gabelli Capital Series Funds, Inc., Comstock Funds, Inc., The Gabelli Dividend Growth Fund, Gabelli Equity Series Funds, Inc., GAMCO Global Series Funds, Inc., Gabelli Gold Fund, Inc, The Gabelli Growth Fund, Gabelli International Growth Fund, Inc., Gabelli Investor Funds, Inc., The Gabelli Money Market Funds, The Gabelli SRI Fund, Inc., The Gabelli Utilities Fund, The Gabelli Value 25 Fund Inc., The Gabelli Innovations Trust, The TETON Westwood Funds, and the KEELEY Funds, Inc.
   
(b) The information required by this Item 32 with respect to each director, officer or partner of G.distributors is incorporated by reference to Schedule A of Form BD filed by G.distributors pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (SEC File No. 8-68697).
   
(c)

Not Applicable.

   
Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records

 

Information on the physical possession of accounts, books, and other documents is included in the Registrant’s filing on Form N-CEN filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 14, 2025.

 

Item 34. Management Services

 

Not Applicable.

 

Item 35. Undertakings

 

Not Applicable.

 

C-5

 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant, GABELLI ETFs TRUST, has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized, in the City of Rye and State of New York, on the 8th day of July, 2025.

 

  Gabelli ETFs Trust
     
  By: /s/ John C. Ball
  Name: John C. Ball
  Title: President and Principal Executive Officer

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 to its Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.

 

Signature   Title   Date
         
/s/ John C. Ball   President, Treasurer   July 8, 2025
John C. Ball   (Principal Executive, Financial and Accounting Officer)    
         
Christopher J. Marangi*   Trustee   July 8, 2025
Christopher J. Marangi        
         
Agnes Mullady*   Trustee   July 8, 2025
Agnes Mullady        
         
John Birch*   Trustee   July 8, 2025
John Birch        
         
Anthony S. Colavita*   Trustee   July 8, 2025
Anthony S. Colavita        
         
Leslie F. Foley*   Trustee   July 8, 2025
Leslie F. Foley        
         
Michael Ferrantino*   Trustee   July 8, 2025
Michael Ferrantino*        
         
Michael J. Melarkey*   Trustee   July 8, 2025
Michael J. Melarkey        
         
Salvatore J. Zizza*   Trustee   July 8, 2025
Salvatore J. Zizza        

 

*By: /s/ John C. Ball  
  John C. Ball  
  Attorney-in-fact  

 

C-6

 

 

Exhibit Index

 

Exhibit   Caption
(j)(4)   Consent of Paul Hastings LLP.

 

C-7