As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 2, 2018.

Registration No. 333-            

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM F-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

Tencent Music Entertainment Group

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Not Applicable

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

Cayman Islands	7370	Not Applicable
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

17/F, Malata Building, Kejizhongyi Road

Midwest District of Hi-tech Park

Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057

the People’s Republic of China

+86-755-8601-3388

(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)

Cogency Global Inc.

10 E. 40th Street, 10th Floor

New York, NY 10016

+1 (800) 221-0102

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

James C. Lin, Esq. Li He, Esq. Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP c/o 18^th Floor, The Hong Kong Club Building 3A Chater Road Central, Hong Kong +852 2533-3300 Z. Julie Gao, Esq. Will H. Cai, Esq. Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP c/o 42^nd Floor, Edinburgh Tower The Landmark 15 Queen’s Road Central, Hong Kong +852 3740-4700

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box.  ☐

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.

Emerging growth company  ☐

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  ☐

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

Title of each class of securities to be registered	Proposed maximum aggregate offering price(1)	Amount of registration fee
Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.000083 per share(2)(3)	US$1,000,000,000	US$121,200

(1) Estimated solely for the purpose of determining the amount of registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933.

(2) Includes Class A ordinary shares initially offered and sold outside the United States that may be resold from time to time in the United States either as part of their distribution or within 40 days after the later of the effective date of this registration statement and the date the shares are first bona fide offered to the public, and also includes Class A ordinary shares that may be purchased by the underwriters pursuant to an over-allotment option. These Class A ordinary shares are not being registered for the purpose of sales outside the United States.

(3) American depositary shares issuable upon deposit of the Class A ordinary shares registered hereby will be registered under a separate registration statement on Form F-6 (Registration No.333-                 ). Each American depositary share represents                Class A ordinary shares.

The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to such Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We [and the selling shareholders] may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to completion

Preliminary Prospectus dated                 , 2018

American Depositary Shares

Tencent Music Entertainment Group

Representing                 Class A Ordinary Shares

This is an initial public offering of American depositary shares, or ADSs, representing Class A ordinary shares of Tencent Music Entertainment Group.

We are offering                ADSs. [The selling shareholders identified in this prospectus are offering an additional                ADSs. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the ADSs being sold by the selling shareholders.] Each ADS represents                of our Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.000083 per share.

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the ADSs. It is currently estimated that the initial public offering price per share will be between US$                and US$                .

Following the completion of this offering, our outstanding share capital will consist of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. The Pre-2018 Shareholders, including Tencent Holdings Limited, or Tencent, our controlling shareholder, will beneficially own all of our issued Class B ordinary shares and will be able to exercise         % of the total voting power of our issued and outstanding share capital immediately following the completion of this offering. Holders of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares have the same rights except for voting and conversion rights. Each Class A ordinary share is entitled to one vote, and each Class B ordinary share is entitled to 15 votes and is convertible into one Class A ordinary share. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof, while Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances. Upon any sale, transfer, assignment or disposition of any Class B ordinary shares by a holder thereof to any non-affiliate to such holder, each of such Class B ordinary shares will be automatically and immediately converted into one Class A ordinary share.

Following the completion of this offering, we will be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the [New York Stock Exchange] / [NASDAQ Global Market] corporate governance rules because Tencent will beneficially own             % of the total voting power of our then outstanding ordinary shares, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option, or             % of our then outstanding ordinary shares if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full. See “Principal [and Selling] Shareholders.”

We [have applied for] listing the ADSs on the [New York Stock Exchange] / [NASDAQ Global Market] under the symbol “TME.”

See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 25 for factors you should consider before buying the ADSs.

Neither the United States Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

	Per ADS	Total
Public offering price	US$	US$
Underwriting discounts and commissions(1)	US$	US$
Proceeds, before expenses, to us	US$	US$

(1) For a description of the compensation payable to the underwriters, see “Underwriting.”

The underwriters have a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional                  ADSs from us [and certain selling shareholders] at the initial public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions.

The underwriters expect to deliver the ADSs against payment in U.S. dollars in New York, NY on                 , 2018.

(in alphabetical order)

BofA Merrill Lynch Deutsche Bank Securities Goldman Sachs (Asia) L.L.C. J.P. Morgan Morgan Stanley

Allen & Company LLC	BOCI	CICC	China Renaissance
Credit Suisse	HSBC	KeyBanc Capital Markets	Stifel

The date of this prospectus is                 , 2018.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
Prospectus Summary		1
Our Corporate Information		11
Conventions Which Apply to this Prospectus		12
The Offering		15
Summary Consolidated Financial Data and Operating Data		18
Risk Factors		25
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements		70
Use of Proceeds		71
Dividend Policy		72
Capitalization		73
Dilution		74
Exchange Rate Information		76
Enforceability of Civil Liabilities		77
Corporate History and Structure		79
Our Relationship with Tencent		86
Selected Consolidated Financial Data		88
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		93
Industry Overview		124
Business		130
PRC Regulation		156
Management		174
Principal [and Selling] Shareholders		186
Related Party Transactions		189
Description of Share Capital		192
Description of American Depositary Shares		207
Shares Eligible for Future Sale		215
Taxation		217
Underwriting		223
Expenses Relating to this Offering		233
Legal Matters		234
Experts		235
Where You Can Find Additional Information		236
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements		F-1

We have not authorized anyone to provide any information other than that contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we may have referred you. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We and the underwriters have not authorized any other person to provide you with different or additional information. Neither we nor the underwriters are making an offer to sell the ADSs in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. This offering is being made in the United States and elsewhere solely on the basis of the information contained in this prospectus. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus is true, complete and accurate only as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of the ADSs. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since the date on the front cover of this prospectus.

Until                    , 2018 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that buy, sell or trade the ADSs, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the obligation of dealers to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

The following summary is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed information and financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. In addition to this summary, we urge you to read the entire prospectus carefully, especially the risks of investing in the ADSs discussed under “Risk Factors” and information contained in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” before deciding whether to buy the ADSs. Investors should note that Tencent Music Entertainment Group, our ultimate Cayman Islands holding company, does not directly own any substantive business operations in the PRC and the businesses described in this prospectus are operated through our VIEs.

Overview

Our mission is to use technology to elevate the role of music in people’s lives, by enabling them to create, enjoy, share and interact with music.

Music is a universal passion. No matter who we are, or where we come from, we all have our favorite songs, albums or artists. We love music because it can inspire, uplift, motivate and enrich our lives. Music reaches us in deeply personal ways and connects us with each other through engaging, social and fun experiences.

With over 1.4 billion people, China has a massive audience with a growing demand for music entertainment. Until recently, the music industry in China was relatively underdeveloped and highly fragmented largely due to deficiencies in copyright protection. Piracy was rampant. People didn’t see the value of paying for music. Spending on music entertainment in China has been relatively low. According to iResearch, while the recorded music market in the U.S. was more than 45 times that of China in 2017 on a per capita basis, China’s per capita spending on recorded music is expected to more than quadruple between 2017 and 2023, demonstrating tremendous growth potential.

We are pioneering the way people enjoy online music and music-centric social entertainment services. We have demonstrated that users will pay for personalized, engaging and interactive music experiences. Just as we value our users, we also respect those who create music. This is why we champion copyright protection—because unless content creators are rewarded for their creative work, there won’t be a sustainable music entertainment industry in the long run. Our scale, technology and commitment to copyright protection make us a partner of choice for artists and content owners.

Our Platform

We are the largest online music entertainment platform in China, operating the top four music mobile apps in terms of mobile MAUs in the second quarter of 2018. Our platform comprises our online music, online karaoke and music-centric live streaming services, supported by our content offerings, technology and data.

Our platform is an all-in-one music entertainment destination that allows users to seamlessly engage with music in many ways, including discovering, listening, singing, watching, performing and socializing. On our platform, social interactions such as sharing, liking, commenting, following and virtual gifting, are deeply integrated in our products and highly complementary to the core music experience, thereby enhancing our user experience, engagement and retention. As a result, we have built our platform into not just a music streaming platform, but a broad community for music fans to discover, listen, sing, watch, perform and socialize.

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We have worked tirelessly to build a vibrant and fast-growing music platform with the following elements:

• Users. With over 800 million total unique MAUs in the second quarter of 2018, our massive user base covers the full spectrum of user demographics in China. Our users are highly engaged, with each daily active user on average spending over 70 minutes per day on our platform in the second quarter of 2018.

• Products. We develop and operate a portfolio of products that are engaging, social and fun. Our products allow users to discover and listen to music, sing and perform, as well as watch music videos and live music performances in a seamless and immersive way. With different music entertainment services fully integrated into one platform, users don’t just listen to music on our platform—after listening to a song, users may be inspired to sing that song and share the performance with friends or want to watch a live performance of the same song by a popular live streaming performer.

• Content. We have China’s most comprehensive library of music content, recorded and live, in both audio and video formats. We have the largest music content library with over 20 million tracks from over 200 domestic and international music labels, as of June 30, 2018. We also offer a broad range of video content, such as music videos, live and recorded concerts and music shows. In addition, hundreds of millions of users have shared their singing, short videos, live streaming of music performances, comments and music-related articles on our platform.

• Data and Technology. The scale and engagement of our user base generate extensive data that we use to develop innovative products that best cater to user preferences and enhance user experience. We have also developed technology that can monitor and protect copyrighted music, which empowers our artists and content partners to promote their music and protect their creative work.

• Monetization. We have innovative and multi-faceted monetization models that mainly include subscriptions, sales of digital music, virtual gifts and premium memberships. They are seamlessly integrated with our products and services in a way that enhances user experience. Our strong monetization capability supports our long-term investments in content, technology and products. It also allows us to attract more content creators and transform China’s music entertainment industry.

We have achieved growth and profitability at scale. In the six months ended June 30, 2018, our revenue reached RMB8,619 million (US$1,303 million) compared to RMB4,485 million in the same period in 2017. In the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2018, our profit for the period amounted to RMB395 million and RMB1,743 million (US$263 million), respectively. Our adjusted profit increased from RMB732 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 to RMB2,112 million (US$320 million) in the six months ended June 30, 2018. From 2016 to 2017, our revenue increased from RMB4,361 million to RMB10,981 million (US$1,659 million). In 2016 and 2017, we reported profit for the year of RMB85 million and RMB1,319 million (US$199 million), respectively, and recorded adjusted profit for the year of RMB426 million and RMB1,904 million (US$288 million), respectively. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Non-IFRS Financial Measure.”

Tencent’s acquisition of CMC was completed on July 12, 2016. Since then, the results of operations of CMC have been consolidated with ours and had contributed to our total revenues since July 2016. For the period from January 1, 2016 to July 12, 2016, CMC’s total net revenues and net loss were RMB1,923 million (US$288 million) and RMB152 million (US$23 million), respectively. After the acquisition of CMC in July 2016, our business and the business that was previously operated by CMC both grew substantially as a result of the combined content library and sharing of operational know-how. Post-acquisition, we: (i) operated our business on a combined basis, with CMC’s business substantially integrated into our business; (ii) shared many costs and expenses, and (iii) ceased to maintain consolidated financial statements of CMC’s business on a standalone basis. For a more detailed discussion of the impact of the acquisition of CMC, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—The Effects of the Acquisition of CMC.”

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Market Opportunity

China’s online music pan-entertainment market mainly consists of online music services, online karaoke and music-centric live streaming, online advertising, and online music copyright operations. The market is expected to grow rapidly, supported by a secular upswing driven by strict copyright protection, increasing penetration of online music services and consumers’ increasing willingness to pay for music. It is also a highly dynamic market, which enables Chinese consumers to engage with music in many ways, including discovering, listening, singing, watching and socializing.

According to iResearch, the overall size of China’s online music pan-entertainment market reached approximately RMB33.0 billion in terms of revenue in 2017, and is expected to grow to RMB215.2 billion in 2023, representing a CAGR of 36.7% from 2017 to 2023.

Our Strengths

We have developed an innovative business model with fundamental strengths that positions us for continued leadership.

Largest online music entertainment platform in China

We are the largest online music entertainment platform in China, with over 800 million total unique MAUs in the second quarter of 2018. Our QQ Music, Kugou Music, Kuwo Music and WeSing apps are the top four music mobile apps in China by mobile MAUs in the second quarter of 2018.

Superior products creating engaging, social and fun user experience

We offer a comprehensive suite of music entertainment products to let users engage interactively with music by discovering, listening, singing, watching, performing and socializing.

• Our online music services, QQ Music, Kugou Music and Kuwo Music, enable users to discover and listen to music in personalized ways. We provide a broad range of features for music discovery, including music search and recommendations, music ranking charts, playlists, official music accounts and digital releases. We also offer comprehensive music-related video content including music videos, live performances and short videos.

• Our online karaoke social community, primarily WeSing, enables users to have fun by singing and interacting with friends, with most activities taking place between users already connected on Weixin/WeChat or QQ. Each day, millions of users come to our platform to share what they have sung and to discover their friends’ performances. They can also sing duets with celebrities or other users, have a karaoke party in our virtual karaoke rooms, challenge each other in online sing-offs and request songs for artists or other users to sing live. We have built WeSing into one of the largest social networks in China with over 40 billion connections between friends as of June 30, 2018. WeSing allows users to share their singing performances with friends and discover songs that others have sung through a timeline feature similar to WeChat Moments.

• Our music-centric live streaming services, primarily Kugou Live and Kuwo Live, provide an interactive online stage for performers and users to showcase their talent and engage with those who are interested in their performance.

The seamless integration of music content and services across our platform enables users to immerse themselves in the music they love. Users who hear a song on our platform may be inspired to sing that song and

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share the performance with friends, or watch a live stream of someone performing that song. This integration not only offers a comprehensive music entertainment experience but also enables us to acquire users in a cost-effective manner by attracting users from our online music services to our social entertainment services.

China’s most comprehensive music library and strong relationships with content partners

We had over 20 million tracks licensed from over 200 domestic and international music labels, including through master distribution and licensing agreements with music labels, such as Sony Music Entertainment, Universal Music Group, Warner Music Group, Emperor Entertainment Group and China Record Group Co., Ltd., as of June 30, 2018. Our comprehensive music library caters to a broad range of user preferences, covering both popular chart-topping music and niche content across multiple genres and languages. Content owners consider us to be a partner of choice as we offer them access to China’s largest online music user base, work closely with them on copyright protection and provide them with diverse monetization opportunities through our long-term relationships.

Our music content is complemented by a vast library of user-generated content including millions of online karaoke songs, short videos, live streaming of music performances, user comments and music-related reviews and articles. This content further expands the breadth of our music content offering, enhancing our user experience and engagement. We have also created an online stage for everyday performers to become professional artists.

As a result, we have developed a virtuous cycle of value creation—our comprehensive and differentiated music content attracts more users and enhances their engagement, which in turn allows us to offer a growing and more engaged audience for our content partners, who then provide us with wider access to content on more attractive terms.

Extensive data and industry-leading technology

We combine extensive data and industry-leading technology to provide superior user experiences and drive user engagement.

Our data and powerful AI technology allow us to provide music content that best matches users’ preferences. We offer hundreds of proprietary audio settings that deliver a superior listening experience, such as our industry-leading QQ Music SuperSound, Kugou Viper and WeSing Super Voice audio settings that we developed ourselves. Our proprietary music recognition technology allows our apps to identify songs by playing a sample of a song track. Our technology also makes our products a part of everyday life, such as our QQ Music Running Station that recommends music to match a jogger’s running tempo.

We also leverage technology to help our content partners protect copyright. For example, our real-time content monitoring system scans our platform as well as other online music platforms to detect potential copyright infringement.

Innovative and proven monetization capabilities to capture the significant demand for music entertainment

Our innovative and multi-faceted monetization models allow us to drive the growth of our platform and profitability, while promoting the development of the online music industry in China. We derive revenues primarily from online music services and music-centric social entertainment services.

• Online music services primarily include paid subscriptions and digital music sales. We have transformed the online music industry in China by being the first company of scale to successfully

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deploy a paid music model. Our paying user base grew from approximately 16.6 million in the second quarter of 2017 to 23.3 million in the second quarter of 2018. We had a paying ratio of 3.6% in the second quarter of 2018, which is still very low compared to online games and video services in China and online music services globally, indicating significant growth potential.

• Music-centric social entertainment services primarily include virtual gift sales and premium memberships, both of which are seamlessly integrated into the comprehensive user experience offered by our social entertainment services. For example, users can send virtual gifts to show appreciation to those who share their karaoke or live performances, providing performers with an effective channel to interact with their fans and an attractive way to monetize their performance. Our social entertainment paying user base grew from approximately 7.1 million in the second quarter of 2017 to 9.5 million in the same period in 2018, and the paying ratio was 4.2% in the second quarter of 2018, indicating significant growth potential.

Online music services and music-centric social entertainment services and others accounted for 28.7% and 71.3%, respectively, of our revenues in 2017, and 29.6% and 70.4%, respectively, of our revenues in the first half of 2018.

Significant synergies with Tencent

We enjoy significant synergies with Tencent, our controlling shareholder, which further strengthen our competitive advantages. Tencent is a leading provider of internet value added services in China, offering a broad range of internet services, including communications and social, online games, digital content, online advertising, mobile payment, mobile utilities and other services. We benefit from unique access to Tencent’s massive user base, representing China’s largest online social community, with over one billion MAUs of Weixin and WeChat combined and 803 million MAUs of QQ in the second quarter of 2018, which facilitates the organic growth of our user base.

The integration between Tencent’s social graph and our platform enables us to deliver a superior user experience and increase user engagement. For example, the music module embedded in the QQ mobile app allows QQ users to seamlessly access QQ Music. Tencent has strategically invested in a variety of content. It has built the largest digital content platforms in online video, online literature and online music in China, developing strong synergies with each platform. For example, WeSing users can enjoy the recorded performances of their Weixin/WeChat and QQ friends and interact with them on our platform. In return, our users and their content enrich Tencent’s content ecosystem. In addition, we also benefit from opportunities to collaborate with other platforms in Tencent’s content ecosystem. For example, we have the unique opportunity to co-produce Tencent Video’s music talent shows, which enables us to promote our brands, drive user stickiness and expand our music content.

Pioneering and visionary management team

With extensive experience and leading industry knowledge, our management team are pioneers in the online music entertainment industry in China, leading product innovation, spearheading music copyright protection and building an extensive licensed online music library in China. They have built strong partnerships with industry participants and been recognized by industry and government organizations. Their success is demonstrated by our track record of strong user base growth, our sustained online music content leadership, and our success in leading the industry toward a paid music business model.

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Our Strategies

We seek to lead the development of a vibrant music entertainment economy in China, creating long-term value for users, artists and content partners. We intend to pursue the following strategies:

• Relentlessly innovate and develop superior products;

• Reinforce our content leadership;

• Be the partner of choice;

• Make our products ubiquitous to everyday life; and

• Grow our paying user base and develop new monetization models.

Our Challenges

We face risks and uncertainties in realizing our business objectives and executing our strategies, including those relating to:

• our ability to anticipate user preferences and provide online music entertainment content catering to user demands;

• our dependence upon third-party licenses for lyrics, sound recordings and musical compositions;

• our ability to retain existing users and attract new users;

• assertions by third parties of infringement or other violations by us of their intellectual property rights;

• our ability to comply with the complex license agreements to which we are a party;

• our ability to obtain accurate and comprehensive information about music compositions in order to obtain necessary licenses or perform obligations under our existing license agreements;

• our ability to optimize our monetization strategies;

• our ability to obtain and maintain requisite licenses or permits, some of which we do not currently have, or to respond to any changes in government policies, laws or regulations;

• our ability to generate sufficient revenue to be profitable or to generate positive cash flow on a sustained basis;

• our ability to maintain, protect and enhance our brands; and

• our ability to maintain continued and collaborative efforts of our senior management and key employees.

Corporate History and Structure

Launch of QQ Music, Kugou, Kuwo and WeSing

• QQ Music: In 2003, QQ, the social network operated by Tencent, launched its online music services. In 2005, QQ Music was launched as a standalone online music service brand.

• Kugou: In 2004, Kugou Music was launched. In February 2006, Guangzhou Kugou Computer Technology Co., Ltd., or Guangzhou Kugou, was incorporated in China and commenced operation of

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Kugou Music. In September 2012, Guangzhou Kugou commenced offering its live streaming services through Fanxing Live, which was rebranded to Kugou Live in December 2016.

• Kuwo: In December 2005, Beijing Kuwo Technology Co., Ltd., or Beijing Kuwo, was incorporated in China and commenced operation of Kuwo Music. In March 2013, Beijing Kuwo launched Kuwo Live.

• WeSing: In September 2014, WeSing commenced offering online karaoke services.

CMC’s Acquisition of Beijing Kuwo and Guangzhou Kugou

In June 2012, China Music Corporation, or CMC, was incorporated in the Cayman Islands.

In December 2013, CMC obtained effective control over Beijing Kuwo and its business operations in the PRC through a series of contractual arrangements between Beijing Kuwo and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of CMC.

In April 2014, CMC, through an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary in the PRC, entered into a series of contractual arrangements with Guangzhou Kugou and its shareholders.

As a result of these contractual arrangements, CMC obtained effective control over, and became the primary beneficiary of, each of Guangzhou Kugou and Beijing Kuwo through which it operated substantially all of its online music and live streaming services in the PRC.

Combination of Tencent’s Online Music Business with CMC

Prior to July 2016, Tencent held an approximately 15.8% equity interest in CMC.

In July 2016, Tencent acquired control of CMC through a series of transactions pursuant to which (i) Tencent injected substantially all of its online music business in the PRC (which primarily included QQ Music and WeSing) into CMC and (ii) in consideration of the foregoing, CMC issued an aggregate of 1,290,862,550 ordinary shares to a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tencent (Min River Investment Limited, or Min River). Upon the completion of these transactions, Tencent owned an approximately 61.6% equity interest of CMC and CMC became a consolidated subsidiary of Tencent.

In December 2016, CMC was renamed “Tencent Music Entertainment Group,” or TME.

Share Issuances to Music Label Partners

On October 1, 2018, we entered into share subscription agreements with each of WMG China LLC (“Warner”), an affiliate of Warner Music Group, and Sony Music Entertainment (“Sony”) pursuant to which we agreed to issue to these two strategic investors, subject to satisfaction of certain customary closing conditions, a total of 68,131,015 ordinary shares for an aggregate cash consideration of approximately US$200 million, in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act regarding private sales of securities. The share issuances are currently expected to be consummated prior to the completion of the offering. Under the agreements, all shares held by Warner and certain shares held by Sony will be subject to a lock-up that will expire upon the earlier of the third anniversary of the completion of this offering or October 1, 2021, subject to limited exceptions. The remaining shares held by Sony will be subject to a lock-up that will expire upon the earlier of the end of six months following the completion of this offering or April 1, 2019, subject to limited exceptions. We believe that such transactions will help deepen our strategic cooperation with our major music label partners and better align our interests with theirs to create long-term value for our users and shareholders. We expect to record a share-based accounting charge upon the consummation of such share issuances in an amount equal to the excess of the fair value of the ordinary shares sold over the aggregate consideration to be received by us. We are currently in the process of assessing the fair value of our ordinary shares and the amount of the accounting charge we expect to incur as a result of these transactions. Assuming the fair value of our ordinary shares is US$             per share, the midpoint of the estimated range of the initial public offering price, the expected accounting charge would be approximately US$            . As a result of this material one-off, non-cash accounting charge, we expect to record a loss for the three months ending December 31, 2018.

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Contractual Arrangements and Corporate Structure

Currently, substantially all of our users and business operations are located in the PRC and we do not have plans for any significant overseas expansion, as our primary focus is the PRC online music entertainment market, which we believe possesses tremendous growth potential and attractive monetization opportunities.

We are a Cayman Islands holding company and, other than external financing, rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity from our PRC subsidiaries for our cash requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders and for services of any debt we may incur.

Current PRC laws and regulations impose certain restrictions or prohibitions on foreign ownership of companies that engage in value-added telecommunication services, internet audio-video program services and certain other businesses. The Special Administrative Measures for Entrance of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2018 Version) provides that foreign investors are generally not allowed to own more than 50% of the equity interests in a value-added telecommunication service provider other than an e-commerce service provider, and the Provisions on the Administration of Foreign-Invested Telecommunications Enterprises (2016 Revision) require that the major foreign investor in a value-added telecommunication service provider in China must have experience in providing value-added telecommunications services overseas and maintain a good track record. In addition, foreign investors are prohibited from investing in companies engaged in certain online and culture related businesses, internet audio-visual programs businesses, internet culture businesses and radio and television program production businesses. See “PRC Regulation—Regulations on Foreign Investment Special Administrative Measures for Entrance of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2018 Version).” We are a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. Beijing Tencent Music, Yeelion Online and Shenzhen Ultimate Xiangyue, our PRC subsidiaries, are considered foreign-invested enterprises. To comply with the foregoing PRC laws and regulations, we primarily conduct our business in China through Guangzhou Kugou, Beijing Kuwo, Shenzhen Ultimate Music and Xizang Qiming, our VIEs and their subsidiaries in the PRC, based on a series of contractual arrangements. As a result of these contractual arrangements, we exert effective control over our VIEs and consolidate their operating results in our consolidated financial statements under IFRS. For a summary of these contractual arrangements, see “Corporate History and Structure—Contractual Arrangements with Our VIEs and Their Respective Shareholders.” These contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control over our VIEs. If our VIEs or their respective shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we could be limited in our ability to enforce the contractual arrangements that give us effective control over our business operations in the PRC and may have to incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. We may also have to rely on legal remedies under PRC law, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and claiming damages, which we cannot assure will be effective under PRC law. For details of these and other risks associated with our VIE structure, see “Risk Factors—Risk Related to Our Corporate Structure.”

8

The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure, including our significant subsidiaries and VIEs, immediately upon the completion of this offering.

Notes:

(1) Beneficial ownership percentages represent beneficial ownership of our total issued and outstanding share capital immediately after the completion of this offering, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, we have included shares that the person has the right to acquire within 60 days, including through the exercise of any option, warrant, or other right or the conversion of any other security. These shares, however, are not included in the computation of the percentage ownership of any other person.

(2) Voting power percentages represent aggregate voting power of our total issued and outstanding share capital immediately after the completion of this offering, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option, and are calculated by dividing the voting power beneficially owned by such person or group by the voting power of all of our issued and outstanding Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares as a single class. In respect of matters requiring a shareholder vote, each Class A ordinary share is entitled to one vote and each Class B ordinary share is entitled to 15 votes and is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof. Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances. See also “Description of Share Capital—Ordinary Shares.”

(3) Shareholders of Xizang Qiming are Ms. Min Hu, our Chief Financial Officer, and Mr. Qihu Yang, our General Counsel, each holding 50% of its equity interests.

(4) Shareholders of Guangzhou Kugou and their respective shareholdings and relationship with our company are as follows: (i) Linzhi Lichuang Information Technology Co., Ltd. (54.87%), an entity controlled by Tencent; (ii) Mr. Guomin Xie (9.99%), our Co-President and director; (iii) Mr. Zhongwei Qiu (9.99%), a nominee shareholder designated by affiliates of PAG Capital Limited, a minority shareholder of the Company; (iv) Shenzhen Litong Industry Investment Fund Co., Ltd. (6.77%), an entity controlled by Tencent; (v) Mr. Zhenyu Xie (6.59%), our Co-President and director; (vi) Mr. Liang Tang (2.73%), our director and a nominee shareholder designated by affiliates of China Investment Financial Holdings Fund Management Company Limited, a minority shareholder of our company; (vii) individuals and entities, including Kashi Tianshan Red Sea Venture Capital Co., Ltd. (2.94%), Mr. Jianming Dong (1.48%), Ms. Huan Hu (1.18%), Ms. Yaping Gao (1.10%), Hangzhou Yong Xuan Yong Ming Capital Investment Partnership (Limited Partnership) (0.74%) and Mr. Hanjie Xu (0.55%), as nominee shareholders designated by certain minority shareholders of our company; and (viii) Guangzhou

9

Lekong Investment Partnership (Limited Partnership) (1.08%), an employee equity incentive platform of Guangzhou Kugou, with Mr. Zhenyu Xie being its general partner. Guangzhou Kugou operates Kugou Music and Kugou Live.

(5) Shareholders of Beijing Kuwo and their respective shareholdings and relationship with our company are as follows: (i) Linzhi Lichuang Information Technology Co., Ltd. (61.64%), an entity controlled by Tencent; (ii) Mr. Guomin Xie (23.02%), our Co-President and director; and (iii) Mr. Lixue Shi (15.34%), our Group Vice President. Beijing Kuwo operates Kuwo Music and Kuwo Live.

(6) Shareholders of Shenzhen Ultimate Music and their respective shareholdings and relationship with our company are as follows: (i) Tencent Music Shenzhen (96.10%), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Guangzhou Kugou; and (ii) Mr. Xiudong Ma (1.95%) and Mr. Gang Ding (1.95%), both of whom are employees of our company.

(7) Tencent Music Shenzhen operates QQ Music and WeSing.

10

OUR CORPORATE INFORMATION

The principal executive offices of our main operations are located at 17/F, Malata Building, Kejizhongyi Road, Midwest District of Hi-tech Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, the People’s Republic of China. Our telephone number at this address is +86-755-8601-3388. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at the office of Walkers Corporate Limited, Cayman Corporate Centre, 27 Hospital Road, George Town, Grand Cayman KY1-9008, Cayman Islands. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Cogency Global Inc., located at 10 E. 40th Street, 10th Floor, New York, N.Y. 10016.

11

CONVENTIONS WHICH APPLY TO THIS PROSPECTUS

Unless we indicate otherwise, all information in this prospectus reflects the following:

• no exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option to purchase up to              additional ADSs representing              Class A ordinary shares from us [and the selling shareholders]; and

Except where the context otherwise requires:

• “ADSs” refers to the American depositary shares, each representing             Class A ordinary shares;

• “AI” refers to artificial intelligence;

• “China” or “PRC” refers to the People’s Republic of China, excluding, for the purpose of this prospectus only, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau;

• “CMC” refers to China Music Corporation;

• “daily active user” for a given day (i) with respect to each of our products (except WeSing), is measured by the number of unique devices through which such product is accessed at least once during that day; and (ii) with respect to WeSing, is measured by the number of user accounts through which WeSing is accessed at least once during that day;

• “HK$” or “Hong Kong dollars” refers to the legal currency of the Hong Kong SAR;

• “IFRS” refers to International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board;

• “MCSC” refers to the Music Copyright Society of China;

• “music publishing rights” refer to, with respect to a piece of music work, the copyright of the lyricist and the composers;

• “monthly ARPPU” of each of our online music services and social entertainment services for any given quarter refers to one-third of (i) the quarterly revenues of the respective services divided by (ii) the number of paying user of the respective services for that quarter;

• “ordinary shares” prior to the completion of this offering refers to our ordinary shares of par value US$0.000083 per share;

• “paying ratio” of our platform for a given quarter is measured by the number of paying users as a percentage of the mobile MAUs for that quarter;

• “paying ratio” for a given year of a given online entertainment industry as quoted by iResearch is measured by the total number of both mobile and non-mobile users who pay for the relevant online entertainment services at least once during the year as a percentage of the total number of users of such services in the same year;

• “paying users” for our online music services for any given quarter refers to the average of the number of users whose subscription packages remain active as of the last day of each month of that quarter. The number of paying users for our online music services for any given period excludes the number of users who only purchase digital music singles and albums during such period because these user purchasing patterns tend to reflect specific hit releases, which fluctuate from period to period;

• “paying users” for our social entertainment services for any given quarter refers to the average of the number of paying users for each month in that quarter. The number of paying users of our social entertainment services for a given month refers to the number of users who have paid at least once for our social entertainment services (primarily through purchases of virtual gifts or premium memberships) during that month;

12

• “paying users” for CMC’s online music services for any given quarter refers to the average of the number of users whose subscription packages remain active as of the last day of each month of that quarter; the number of paying users for CMC’s online music services for any given period excludes the number of users who only purchase digital music singles and albums during such period;

• “paying users” for CMC’s music-centric live streaming services for any given quarter refers to the average of the number of paying users for each month in that quarter. The number of paying users of CMC’s music-centric live streaming services for a given month refers to the number of users who have paid at least once for CMC’s music-centric live streaming services (primarily through purchases of virtual gifts or premium memberships) during that month;

• “Pre-2018 Shareholders” refers to the existing shareholders of our company as of December 8, 2017 and their respective affiliates holding any ordinary shares in our company immediately prior to the completion of this offering as determined by the officers of our company, which include affiliates of Tencent, PAG Capital Limited, China Investment Financial Holdings Fund Management Company Limited, Mr. Zhenyu Xie, Mr. Guomin Xie and certain other minority shareholders of our company;

• “RMB” or “Renminbi” refers to the legal currency of the People’s Republic of China;

• “Spotify” refers to Spotify Technology S.A., one of our principal shareholders;

• “Tencent” refers to Tencent Holdings Limited, our controlling shareholder;

• “UEC” refers to United Music Entertainment Corporation;

• “US$,” “dollars” or “U.S. dollars” refers to the legal currency of the United States;

• “we,” “us,” “our company,” and “our” refer to Tencent Music Entertainment Group (or, where the context requires, its predecessor), its subsidiaries and, in the context of describing our operations and consolidated financial information, its VIEs; since Tencent’s acquisition of CMC was completed on July 12, 2016 (see “Corporate History and Structure” for more information), our consolidated financial information for the year ended December 31, 2016 presented and discussed in this prospectus does not include the results of operations of CMC for the period prior to the acquisition (i.e., from January 1, 2016 to July 12, 2016); and

• with respect to MAU data used in this prospectus:

— “mobile MAUs” or “PC MAUs” for a given month (i) with respect to each of our products (except WeSing) is measured as the number of unique mobile or PC devices, as the case may be, through which such product is accessed at least once in that month; and (ii) with respect to WeSing, is measured as the number of user accounts through which WeSing is accessed at least once in that month;

— “total unique MAUs” for a given month refers to the sum of mobile MAUs and PC MAUs, each as defined above, of QQ Music, Kugou Music, Kuwo Music and WeSing for that month; duplicate access of different products is eliminated from the calculation based on our estimates depending on product either by mobile or PC device or by user account;

— “mobile MAUs” or “total unique MAUs” for a given quarter refers to the average of the monthly number of mobile MAUs or total unique MAUs, as the case may be, for the three months in that quarter;

— “online music mobile MAUs” for a given month refers to the sum of mobile MAUs of our music products, namely QQ Music, Kugou Music, and Kuwo Music, for that month; duplicate access of different products by the same device is not eliminated from the calculation;

— “social entertainment mobile MAUs” for a given month refers to the sum of mobile MAUs that have accessed the social entertainment services offered by (i) WeSing; (ii) Kugou Live; (iii) Kuwo

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Live; and (iv) the live streaming services offered on Kugou Music and Kuwo Music, for that month; duplicate access of different products by the same user account or device is not eliminated from the calculation;

— our MAUs are calculated using internal company data, treating each distinguishable user account or device as a separate MAU even though some users may access our services using more than one user account or device and multiple users may access our services using the same user account or device; and

— “mobile MAUs” as quoted by iResearch refers to the sum of the number of mobile devices that have accessed relevant online platforms via mobile apps in that month.

Unless otherwise noted, all translations from Renminbi to U.S. dollars and from U.S. dollars to Renminbi in this prospectus are made at RMB6.6171 to US$1.00, the exchange rates set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board on June 29, 2018, except that translation from Renminbi to U.S. dollars and from U.S. dollars to Renminbi of the historical financial information of CMC are made at RMB6.6843 to US$1.00, the exchange rate on July 12, 2016 in the City of New York for cable transfers of Renminbi as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. We make no representation that any Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate, the rates stated below, or at all. On September 28, 2018, the noon buying rate for Renminbi was RMB6.8680 to US$1.00. In addition, unless otherwise noted, all translations from Hong Kong dollars to U.S. dollars and from U.S. dollars to Hong Kong dollars in this prospectus are made at HK$7.8463 to US$1.00, the exchange rate set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board on June 29, 2018. We make no representation that any Hong Kong dollar or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or Hong Kong dollars, as the case may be, at any particular rate, the rates stated below, or at all. On September 28, 2018, the noon buying rate for Hong Kong dollars was HK$7.8259 to US$1.00.

This prospectus contains information derived from various public sources and certain information from an industry report commissioned by us and prepared by iResearch Consulting Group, or iResearch, a third-party industry research firm, to provide information regarding our industry and market position in China. Such information involves a number of assumptions and limitations, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to these estimates. We have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the data contained in these industry publications and reports. The industry in which we operate is subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to variety of factors, including those described in the “Risk Factors” section. These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in these publications and reports.

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THE OFFERING

Offering price We currently estimate that the initial public offering price will be between US$             and US$              per ADS.

ADSs offered by us             ADSs (or             ADSs if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full).

[ADSs offered by the selling shareholders] [             ADSs (or              ADSs if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full).]

The ADSs Each ADS represents             Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.000083 per share. The depositary will hold the Class A ordinary shares underlying the ADSs. You will have rights as provided in the deposit agreement.

We do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. If, however, we declare dividends on our Class A ordinary shares, the depositary will pay you the cash dividends and other distributions it receives on our Class A ordinary shares, after deducting its fees and expenses in accordance with the terms set forth in the deposit agreement.

You may turn in the ADSs to the depositary in exchange for Class A ordinary shares. The depositary will charge you fees for any exchange.

We may amend or terminate the deposit agreement without your consent. If you continue to hold the ADSs after an amendment to the deposit agreement, you agree to be bound by the deposit agreement as amended.

To better understand the terms of the ADSs, you should carefully read the “Description of American Depositary Shares” section of this prospectus. You should also read the deposit agreement, which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement that includes this prospectus.

Ordinary shares We will issue             Class A ordinary shares represented by the ADSs in this offering.

All share-based compensation awards, regardless of grant dates, will entitle holders to the equivalent number of Class A ordinary shares once the vesting and exercising conditions on such share-based compensation awards are met.

See “Description of Share Capital.”

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Ordinary shares outstanding immediately after this offering              ordinary shares, comprised of              Class A ordinary shares and              Class B ordinary shares (or              ordinary shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase              additional ADSs in full, comprised of              Class A ordinary shares and              Class B ordinary shares), excluding ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of options outstanding under our share incentive plans as of the date of this prospectus.

Over-allotment option We [and certain selling shareholders] have granted to the underwriters an option, which is exercisable within 30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to an aggregate of              additional ADSs.

Use of proceeds We expect to receive net proceeds of approximately US$             million from this offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. [We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of ADSs by the selling shareholders.]

We plan to use the net proceeds of this offering primarily for the following purposes: (i) approximately 40% for investment to enhance our music content offerings to improve the variety, quality and quantity of content on our platform; (ii) approximately 30% for product and service development to expand and enhance our current product and service offerings, as well as to develop new products and services to further enhance user engagement; (iii) approximately 15% for selling and marketing, including marketing and promotions to strengthen our brand and grow our paying user base; and (iv) approximately 15% for potential strategic investments and acquisitions and general corporate purposes. See “Use of Proceeds.”

Lock-up [We, our directors, executive officers and existing shareholders have agreed with the underwriters, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for the Assured Entitlement Distribution), not to sell, transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any of the ADSs or ordinary shares or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for the ADSs or ordinary shares for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus. See “Shares Eligible for Future Sale” and “Underwriting” for more information.]

[NYSE]/[NASDAQ] trading symbol TME

Payment and settlement The underwriters expect to deliver the ADSs against payment therefor through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company on             , 2018.

Depositary Bank of New York Mellon

Directed share program At our request, the underwriters have reserved for sale, at the initial public offering price, up to an aggregate of              ADSs offered in

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this offering to our directors, officers, employees, business associates and related persons.

Taxation For the Cayman Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax considerations with respect to the ownership and disposition of the ADSs, see “Taxation.”

Risk Factors See “Risk Factors” and other information included in this prospectus for discussions of the risks relating to investing in the ADSs. You should carefully consider these risks before deciding to invest in the ADSs.

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SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA AND OPERATING DATA

The following summary consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, summary consolidated balance sheet data as of January 1, 2016, December 31, 2016 and 2017 and summary consolidated cash flow data for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The following summary consolidated statements of operations data for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2018, summary consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2018 and summary consolidated cash flow data for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2018 have been derived from our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus and have been prepared on the same basis as our audited consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments, consisting only of normal and recurring adjustments, that we consider necessary for a fair statement of our financial position and operating results for the periods presented. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with IFRS. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of results expected for future periods. Tencent’s acquisition of CMC was completed on July 12, 2016. As a result, historical results of operations of CMC before July 12, 2016 are not included in our consolidated financial statements presented in this prospectus and our historical financial information for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 may not be directly comparable. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—Our historical financial information may not be directly comparable between different periods due to our consolidation of CMC’s financial results since July 2016, which may make it difficult for you to evaluate our business and prospects.” For a description of this acquisition, see “Corporate History and Structure” and Note 2.1 to the consolidated financial statements of Tencent Music Entertainment Group included elsewhere in this prospectus. You should read this section together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus.

	For the Year Ended December 31,															For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016						2017									2017						2018
	RMB			%			RMB			US$			%			RMB			%			RMB			US$			%
	(in millions, except for share and per share data)
Summary Consolidated Statements of Operation Data:
Revenues
Online music services		2,144			49.2			3,149			476			28.7			1,364			30.4			2,553			386			29.6
Social entertainment services and others		2,217			50.8			7,832			1,184			71.3			3,121			69.6			6,066			917			70.4
Total revenues		4,361			100.0			10,981			1,659			100.0			4,485			100.0			8,619			1,303			100.0
Cost of revenues(1)		(3,129	)		(71.7	)		(7,171	)		(1,084	)		(65.3	)		(3,103	)		(69.2	)		(5,141	)		(777	)		(59.6	)
Gross profit		1,232			28.3			3,810			576			34.7			1,382			30.8			3,478			526			40.4
Operating expenses
Selling and marketing expenses(1)		(365	)		(8.3	)		(913	)		(138	)		(8.3	)		(298	)		(6.6	)		(738	)		(112	)		(8.6	)
General and administrative expenses(1)		(783	)		(18.0	)		(1,521	)		(230	)		(13.9	)		(682	)		(15.2	)		(905	)		(137	)		(10.5	)
Total operating expenses		(1,148	)		(26.3	)		(2,434	)		(368	)		(22.2	)		(980	)		(21.8	)		(1,643	)		(248	)		(19.1	)
Interest income		32			0.7			93			14			0.9			41			0.9			100			15			1.2
Other (losses)/gains, net		(13	)		(0.3	)		124			19			1.1			36			0.8			12			2			0.1
Operating profit		103			2.4			1,593			241			14.5			479			10.7			1,947			294			22.6
Share of net profit of investments accounted for using equity method		11			0.2			4			1			0.0			(1	)		(0.0	)		(7	)		(1	)		(0.1	)
Fair value change on liabilities of puttable shares		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(17	)		(3	)		(0.2	)
Profit before income tax		114			2.6			1,597			241			14.5			478			10.7			1,923			291			22.3
Income tax expenses		(29	)		(0.7	)		(278	)		(42	)		(2.5	)		(83	)		(1.9	)		(180	)		(27	)		(2.1	)
Profit for the year/period		85			1.9			1,319			199			12.0			395			8.8			1,743			263			20.2
Earnings per share for profit attributable to the equity holders of the company
Basic		0.04			—			0.51			0.08			—			0.15			—			0.57			0.08			—
Diluted		0.04			—			0.50			0.08			—			0.15			—			0.56			0.08			—
Shares used in calculating earnings per share
Basic		1,831,604,053			—			2,593,157,207			—			—			2,556,725,734			—			3,049,664,727			—			—
Diluted		1,899,419,825			—			2,639,466,412			—			—			2,603,209,173			—			3,110,040,819			—			—

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Note:

(1) Share-based compensation expenses were allocated as follows:

	For the Year Ended December 31,						For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016		2017				2017		2018
	RMB		RMB		US$		RMB		RMB		US$
	(in millions)
Cost of revenues		10		27		4		12		11		2
Selling and marketing expenses		6		12		2		5		6		1
General and administrative expenses		154		345		52		165		218		33
Total		170		384		58		182		235		36

The following table presents our summary consolidated balance sheet data as of January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016 and 2017 and June 30, 2018.

	As of January 1,		As of December 31,						As of June 30,
	2016		2016		2017				2018
	RMB		RMB		RMB		US$		RMB		US$
	(in millions)
Summary Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents		—		3,071		5,174		782		9,529		1,440
Short-term investments		—		261		—		—		—		—
Total current assets		437		4,997		7,467		1,128		12,913		1,951
Non-current assets		282		18,538		22,533		3,405		23,034		3,481
Total assets		719		23,535		30,000		4,534		35,947		5,432
Current liabilities		263		2,523		3,527		533		4,369		660
Non-current liabilities		—		378		325		49		441		67
Total liabilities		263		2,901		3,852		582		4,810		727
Equity attributable to equity holders of the company		456		20,625		26,141		3,951		31,115		4,702

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The following table presents our summary consolidated cash flow data for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 and the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2018.

	For the Year Ended December 31,									For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016			2017						2017			2018
	RMB			RMB			US$			RMB			RMB			US$
	(in millions)
Summary Consolidated Cash Flow Data:
Net cash provided by operating activities		873			2,500			378			1,930			2,056			311
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities		496			(483	)		(73	)		(1,570	)		(573	)		(87	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		1,712			99			15			20			2,855			431
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		3,081			2,116			320			380			4,338			656
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year/period		—			3,071			464			3,071			5,174			782
Exchange (losses)/gains on cash and cash equivalents		(10	)		(13	)		(2	)		(3	)		17			3
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year/period		3,071			5,174			782			3,448			9,529			1,440

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The following summary consolidated financial data of CMC for the period from January 1, 2016 to July 12, 2016 have been derived from CMC’s consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus and are prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

The following table presents CMC’s summary consolidated statement of operation for the period from January 1, 2016 to July 12, 2016.

	For the Period from January 1, 2016 to July 12, 2016
	RMB			%
	(in millions, except for percentage and share and per share data)
Summary Consolidated Statements of Operation Data:
Net Revenues
Music-centric live streaming services		1,454			75.6
Online advertising		90			4.7
Online music services and others		379			19.7
Total net revenues		1,923			100.0
Cost of revenues		(1,341	)		(69.7	)
Gross profit		582			30.3
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing expenses		(199	)		(10.4	)
General and administrative expenses		(323	)		(16.8	)
Research and development expenses		(201	)		(10.5	)
Impairment loss of intangible assets		(2	)		(0.0	)
Impairment loss of long-term investment		(15	)		(0.8	)
Gain on disposal of a subsidiary		20			1.0
Total operating expenses		(720	)		(37.5	)
Loss from operations		(138	)		(7.2	)
Interest and investment income		6			0.3
Other expenses, net		(1	)		(0.0	)
Share of net income of equity investee		4			0.2
Loss before income tax		(129	)		(6.7	)
Income tax expenses		(23	)		(1.2	)
Loss for the period		(152	)		(7.9	)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests		6			0.3
Net loss attributable to the company		(146	)		(7.6	)
Net loss per share
Basic		(0.14	)		—
Diluted		(0.14	)		N/A
Shares used in calculating net loss per share
Basic		1,048,871,789			N/A
Diluted		1,041,871,789			N/A

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The following table presents CMC’s summary consolidated balance sheet data as of July 12, 2016.

	As of July 12, 2016
	RMB
	(in millions)
Summary Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents		674
Short-term investments		633
Total current assets		1,793
Non-current assets		2,672
Total assets		4,465
Current liabilities		1,928
Non-current liabilities		39
Total liabilities		1,967
Equity attributable to equity holders of CMC		2,491
Non-controlling interests		7

The following table presents CMC’s summary consolidated cash flow data for the period from January 1, 2016 to July 12, 2016.

	For the Period from January 1, 2016 to July 12, 2016
	RMB
	(in millions)
Summary Consolidated Cash Flow Data:
Net cash provided by operating activities		279
Net cash used in investing activities		(754	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		629
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		22
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		176
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period		498
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period		674

Non-IFRS Financial Measure

We use adjusted profit for the year/period, which is a non-IFRS financial measure, in evaluating our operating results and for financial and operational decision-making purposes. We believe that adjusted profit for the year/period helps identify underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be distorted by the effect of certain expenses that we include in our profit for the year/period. We believe that adjusted profit for the year/period provides useful information about our results of operations, enhances the overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects and allows for greater visibility with respect to key metrics used by our management in its financial and operational decision-making.

Adjusted profit for the year/period should not be considered in isolation or construed as an alternative to operating profit, profit for the year/period or any other measure of performance or as an indicator of our operating performance. Investors are encouraged to review adjusted profit for the year/period and the reconciliation to its most directly comparable IFRS measure. Adjusted profit for the year/period presented here may not be comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies. Other companies may calculate similarly titled measures differently, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures to our data. We

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encourage investors and others to review our financial information in its entirety and not rely on a single financial measure.

Adjusted profit for the year/period represents profit for the year/period excluding share-based compensation expenses, net gains from equity investments, amortization related to intangible and other assets resulting from the acquisitions of CMC and Ultimate Music, and impairment provision for investment in associates. The table below sets forth a reconciliation of our profit for the year/period to adjusted profit for the year/period for the periods indicated.

	For the Year Ended December 31,									For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016			2017						2017		2018
	RMB			RMB			US$			RMB		RMB			US$
	(in millions)
Profit for the year/period		85			1,319			199			395		1,743			263
Adjustments:
Share-based compensation expenses		170			384			58			182		235			36
Net gains from equity investments		(4	)		(72	)		(11	)		—		(1	)		(0	)
Amortization of intangible and other assets arising from business combinations(1)		175			271			41			155		118			18
Impairment provision for investment in associates		—			2			0			—		—			—
Fair value change on liabilities of puttable shares		—			—			—			—		17			3
Adjusted profit for the year/period		426			1,904			288			732		2,112			320

Note:

(1) Represents the amortization of identifiable assets, including intangible assets and prepayments for music content, resulting from Tencent’s acquisition of CMC in 2016 and our acquisition of Ultimate Music in 2017, net of related deferred taxes.

Key Operating Data

The following table presents our key operating data for the periods indicated.

	For the Three Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2016(2)			Dec. 31, 2016			Mar. 31, 2017			Jun. 30, 2017			Sep. 30, 2017			Dec. 31, 2017			Mar. 31, 2018			Jun. 30, 2018
Mobile MAUs(1) (in millions)
Online music mobile MAUs		579			589			607			606			609			603			625			644
Social entertainment mobile MAUs		144			151			180			200			214			209			224			228
Paying users(1) (in millions)
Online music services		12.2			13.5			15.3			16.6			18.3			19.4			22.3			23.3
Social entertainment services		2.9			4.2			6.2			7.1			8.0			8.3			9.6			9.5
Paying ratio(1)
Online music services		2.1	%		2.3	%		2.5	%		2.7	%		3.0	%		3.2	%		3.6	%		3.6	%
Social entertainment services		2.0	%		2.8	%		3.5	%		3.5	%		3.7	%		4.0	%		4.3	%		4.2	%
Monthly ARPPU(1) (RMB)
Online music services(3)		8.6			9.3			9.5			8.7			8.5			8.7			8.4			8.7
Social entertainment services(4)		100.7			99.0			74.5			81.6			90.8			101.9			99.5			111.8

Notes:

(1) For the definitions, see “Conventions which Apply to this Prospectus.”

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(2) The numbers of mobile MAUs, paying users, paying ratio and monthly ARPPU for the third quarter of 2016 presented herein have taken into account the numbers of the corresponding period of both CMC and Tencent’s online music business in the PRC, without eliminating duplicates of MAUs between CMC and Tencent’s online music business in the PRC. In July 2016, Tencent acquired CMC and merged its online music business in the PRC with CMC.

(3) The revenues used to calculate the monthly ARPPU of online music services include revenues from subscriptions only. The revenues from subscriptions for the quarters indicated were RMB315 million, RMB376 million, RMB437 million, RMB432 million, RMB467 million, RMB505 million, RMB565 million, RMB605 million, respectively.

(4) The revenues used to calculate the monthly ARPPU of social entertainment services include revenues from social entertainment and others.

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RISK FACTORS

You should consider carefully all of the information in this prospectus, including the risks and uncertainties described below and the information in our consolidated financial statements and related notes, before making an investment in the ADSs. Any of the following risks and uncertainties could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The market price of the ADSs could decline significantly as a result of any of these risks and uncertainties, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

If we fail to anticipate user preferences to provide online music entertainment content catering to user demands, our ability to attract and retain users may be materially and adversely affected.

Our ability to attract and retain our users, drive user engagement and deliver a superior online music entertainment experience depends largely on our ability to continue to offer attractive content, including songs, playlists, video, lyrics, live streaming of music performances and karaoke-related content. Music that was once well-received by our users may become less attractive if user preferences evolve. The success of our business relies on our ability to anticipate changes in user preferences and industry dynamics, and respond to such changes in a timely, appropriate and cost-effective manner. If we fail to cater to the tastes and preferences of our users, or fail to deliver superior user experiences, we may suffer from reduced user traffic and engagement, and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

We strive to generate creative ideas for content acquisition and to source high-quality content, including both popular, mainstream content and long-tail content. Sourcing attractive content may be challenging, expensive and time consuming. We have invested and intend to continue to invest substantial resources in content acquisition. However, we may not be able to successfully source attractive content or to recover our content acquisition investments. Any deterioration in our content quality, failure to anticipate user preferences, inability to acquire attractive content, or any negative feedback of users to our existing content offerings may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

We depend upon third-party licenses for the content of our music offerings, and any adverse changes to, or loss of, our relationships with these music content providers may materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Significant portions of our music offerings are licensed from our music content partners, which include music publishers and labels, such as Sony Music Entertainment, Universal Music Group, Warner Music Group, Emperor Entertainment Group and China Record Group Co., Ltd. with whom we have entered into master distribution and licensing agreements. There is no assurance that the licenses currently available to us will continue to be available in the future at rates and on terms that are favorable, commercially reasonable or at all.

The royalty rates and other terms of these licenses may change as a result of various reasons beyond our control, such as changes in our bargaining power, changes in the industry, or changes in the law or regulatory environment. If our music content partners are no longer willing or able to license content to us on terms acceptable to us, the breadth or quality of our content offerings may be adversely affected or our content acquisition costs may increase. Likewise, increases in royalty rates or changes to other terms of our licenses may materially and adversely affect the breadth and quality of our music content offerings and may, in turn, materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

There also is no guarantee that we have all of the licenses for the music content available on our platform, as we need to obtain licenses from many copyright owners, some of whom are unknown, and there are complex legal issues such as open questions of law as to when and whether particular licenses are needed. Additionally,

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there is a risk that copyright owners (particularly aspiring artists), their agents, or legislative or regulatory bodies may require or attempt to require us to enter into additional license agreements with, and pay royalties to, newly defined groups of copyright owners, some of which may be difficult or impossible to identify.

Even when we are able to enter into license agreements with content partners, we cannot guarantee that such agreements will continue to be renewed indefinitely. It is also possible that such agreements will never be renewed at all. The lack of renewal, or termination, of one or more of our license agreements, or the renewal of license agreements on less favorable terms, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not have obtained complete licenses for certain copyrights with respect to a portion of the music content offered on our platform.

Under PRC law, to secure the rights to provide music content on the internet or for our users to download or stream music from our platform, or to provide other related online music services, we must obtain licenses from the appropriate copyright owners for one or more of the economic rights, including the music publishing and musical recording rights, among others. See “PRC Regulations—Regulations on Intellectual Property Rights—Copyright.”

We may not have complete licenses for the copyrights underlying a portion of the music content offered on our platform, and therefore we may be subject to assertions by third parties of infringement or other violations by us of their copyright in connection with such content. As of June 30, 2018, we offered over 20 million tracks on our platform, and we had licenses to both the music publishing and musical recording rights for approximately 85% of those tracks. We have sought, and will continue to seek, licenses to the remaining tracks to the extent we identify the relevant copyright owners and enter into agreements with them.

With respect to the musical compositions and lyrics we license from our content partners, including the MCSC, there is no guarantee that such content partners have the rights to license the copyright underlying all music content covered by our agreements. With respect to any musical compositions and lyrics that the MCSC is not authorized to sublicense to us, the MCSC undertakes to resolve such disputes and compensate the relevant copyright owners from infringement claims made by third-party rights owners against us for using their content on our platform. Despite such undertakings by the MCSC, there is no guarantee that we will not be subject to potential copyright infringement claims by third parties in relation to content licensed from the MCSC.

In addition, some of our license agreements with our content partners are silent on our rights to use the accompanying music for our online karaoke services, partly due to the relatively novel nature of online karaoke services and lack of industry standard on the applicable royalty arrangements. There is no guarantee that we will be able to reach agreements with content partners on license arrangements in relation to our provision of online karaoke services, and that we will not be subject to potential copyright infringement claims by third parties in relation to such services.

We allow user-generated content to be uploaded on our platform; if users have not obtained all necessary copyright licenses in connection with such uploaded content, we may be subject to potential disputes and liabilities.

We allow users to upload user-generated content on our platform, which exposes us to potential disputes and liabilities in connection with third-party copyright. When users register on our platform, they agree to our standard agreement, under which they agree not to disseminate any content infringing on third-party copyright. However, we have historically allowed users to upload music content anonymously, and our platform has, over the years, accumulated user-generated content for which users or performers may not have obtained proper and complete copyright licenses. Given the large volume of such user-generated content available on our platform, it is challenging for us to accurately identify and verify the individual users or performers that uploaded such

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content, the copyright status of such content, and the appropriate copyright owners from whom copyright licenses should be obtained.

Under PRC laws and regulations, online service providers, which provide storage space for users to upload works or links to other services or content, may be held liable for copyright infringement under various circumstances, including situations where the online service provider knows or should reasonably have known that the relevant content uploaded or linked to on its platform infringes upon the copyright of others and the online service provider profits from such infringing activities. For example, online service providers are subject to liability if they fail to take necessary measures, such as deletion, blocking or disconnection, after being duly notified by the legal right holders.

As an online service provider, we have adopted measures to reduce the likelihood of using, developing or making available any content without the proper licenses or necessary consents. Such measures include (i) requiring users to acknowledge and agree that they will not upload or perform content which may infringe upon others’ copyright; (ii) putting in place procedures to block users on our blacklists from uploading content; and (iii) implementing “notice and take-down” policies to be eligible for the safe harbor exemption for user-generated content. However, these measures may not be effective in preventing the unauthorized posting and use of third parties’ copyrighted content or the infringement of other third-party intellectual property rights. Specifically, it is possible that such acknowledgments and agreements by users may not be enforceable against third parties who file claims against us. Furthermore, a plaintiff may not be able to locate users who generate content that infringes on the plaintiff’s copyright and may choose to sue us instead. In addition, individual users who upload infringing content on our platform may not have sufficient resources to fully indemnify us, if at all, for any such claims. Also, such measures may fail or be considered insufficient by courts or other relevant governmental authorities. If we are not eligible for the safe harbor exemption, we may be subject to joint infringement liability with the users, and we may have to change our policies or adopt new measures to become eligible and retain eligibility for the safe harbor exemption, which could be expensive and reduce the attractiveness of our platform to users.

Assertions or allegations, even not true, that we have infringed or violated intellectual property rights could harm our business and reputation.

Third parties have asserted, and may in the future assert, that we have infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated their copyright or other intellectual property rights, and as we face increasing competition, the possibility of intellectual property rights claims against us grows.

We have adopted robust screening processes to filter out or disable access to potentially infringing content. We have also adopted procedures to enable copyright owners to provide us with notice and evidence of alleged infringement, and are generally willing to enter into license agreements to compensate copyright owners for works distributed on our platform. However, given the volume of content available on our platform, it is not possible to identify and promptly remove all alleged infringing content that may exist. Third parties may take action against us if they believe that certain content available on our platform violates their copyright or other intellectual property rights. Moreover, while we use location-based controls and technology to prevent all or a portion of our services and content from being accessed outside of the PRC as required by certain licensing agreements with our content partners, these controls and technology may be breached and the content available on our platform may be accessed from geographic locations where such access is restricted, in which case we may be subject to potential liabilities, regardless of whether there is any fault and/or negligence involved on our part.

We have been involved in litigation based on allegations of infringement of third-party copyright due to the music content available on our platform. If we are forced to defend against any infringement or misappropriation claims, whether they are with or without merit, are settled out of court, or are determined in our favor, we may be required to expend significant time and financial resources on the defense of such claims. Furthermore, an

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adverse outcome of a dispute may damage our reputation, force us to adjust our business practices, or require us to pay significant damages, cease providing content that we were previously providing, enter into potentially unfavorable license agreements in order to obtain the right to use necessary content or technologies, and/or take other actions that may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

We also sublicense some of our licensed music content to other platforms to diversify our revenue streams. Our agreements with such third-party platforms typically require them to comply with the terms of the license and applicable copyright laws and regulations. However, there is no guarantee that the third-party platforms that we sublicense content to will comply with the terms of our license arrangements or all applicable copyright laws and regulations. In the event of any breach or violation by such platforms, we may be held liable to the copyright owners for damages and be subject to legal proceedings as a result, in which case our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

In addition, music, internet, technology and media companies are frequently subject to litigation based on allegations of infringement, misappropriation, or other violations of intellectual property rights. Other companies in these industries may have larger intellectual property portfolios than we do, which could make us a target for litigation as we may not be able to assert counterclaims against parties that sue us for intellectual property infringement. Furthermore, from time to time, we may introduce new products and services, which could increase our exposure to intellectual property claims from third parties. It is difficult to predict whether assertions of third-party intellectual property rights or any infringement or misappropriation claims arising from such assertions will substantially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our license agreements are complex, impose numerous obligations upon us and may make it difficult to operate our business; any breach of such agreements could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Many of our license agreements are complex and impose numerous obligations on us, including obligations to:

• calculate and make payments based on complex royalty structures that involve a number of variables, including the revenue generated and size of user base, which requires tracking usage of content on our platform that may have inaccurate or incomplete metadata necessary for such calculation;

• make minimum guaranteed payments;

• use reasonable efforts to achieve certain paying user conversion targets;

• adopt and implement effective anti-piracy and geo-blocking measures;

• monitor performance by our sublicensees of their obligations with respect to content distribution and copyright protections; and

• comply with certain security and technical specifications.

Many of our license agreements grant the licensor the right to audit our compliance with the terms and conditions of such agreements. Some of our license agreements also include “most favored nations” provisions which require that certain material terms of such agreements are no less favorable than those provided to any similarly situated licensor. If triggered, these most favored nations provisions could cause our payments or other obligations under those agreements to escalate substantially. If we materially breach any of these obligations or any other obligations set forth in any of our license agreements, we could be subject to monetary penalties and our rights under such license agreements could be terminated, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Minimum guarantees required under certain of our license agreements for music content may limit our operating flexibility and may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Certain of our license agreements for music require that we make minimum guarantee payments to the copyright owners. Such minimum guarantees are not always tied to our number of users or the number of sound recordings used on our platform. Accordingly, our ability to achieve and sustain profitability and operating leverage in part depends on our ability to increase our revenue through increased sales of our music services to our users in order to maintain a healthy gross margin. The duration of our license agreements that contain minimum guarantees is typically between one to three years, but our paying users may cancel their subscriptions at any time. If our paying user growth forecasts do not meet our expectations or our sales decline significantly during the term of our license agreements, our margins may be materially and adversely affected. To the extent our revenues do not meet our expectations, our business, financial condition and results of operations also could be adversely affected as a result of such minimum guarantees. In addition, the fixed cost nature of these minimum guarantees may limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the markets in which we operate.

We rely on estimates of the market share of licensable content controlled by each content partner, as well as our own user growth and forecasted revenue, to forecast whether such minimum guarantees could be recouped against our actual content acquisition costs incurred over the duration of the license agreement. To the extent that our actual revenue and/or market share underperform relative to our expectations, leading to content acquisition costs that do not exceed such minimum guarantees, our margins may be materially and adversely affected.

If we are unable to obtain accurate and comprehensive information necessary to identify the copyright ownership of the music content offered on our platform, our ability to obtain necessary or commercially viable licenses from the copyright owners may be adversely affected, which may result in us having to remove music content from our platform, and may subject us to potential copyright infringement claims and difficulties in controlling content-related costs.

Comprehensive and accurate copyright owner information for musical compositions and musical recordings underlying our music content is sometimes unavailable to us or difficult or, in some cases, impossible for us to obtain. For example, such information may be withheld by the owners or administrators of such rights, especially with regards to user-generated content or content provided by aspiring artists. If we are unable to identify comprehensive and accurate copyright owner information for the music content offered on our platform, such as identifying which composers, publishers or collective copyright organizations own, administer, license or sublicense music works, or if we are unable to determine which music works correspond to specific musical recordings, it may be difficult for us (i) to identify the appropriate copyright owners to whom to pay royalties or from whom to obtain a license or (ii) ascertain whether the scope of a license we have obtained covers specific music works. This also may make it difficult to comply with the obligations of any agreements with those rights holders.

If we do not obtain necessary and commercially viable licenses from copyright owners, whether due to the inability to identify or verify the appropriate copyright owners or for any other reason, we may be found to have infringed on the copyright of others, potentially resulting in claims for monetary damages, government fines and penalties, or a reduction of content available to users on our platform, which would adversely affect our ability to retain and expand our user base, attract paying users for our paid music services and generate revenue from our content library. Any such inability may also involve us in expensive and protracted copyright disputes.

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If music copyright owners withdraw all or a portion of their music works from the MCSC, a collective copyright organization, we may have to enter into direct licensing agreements with these copyright owners, which may be time-consuming and costly, and we may not be able to reach an agreement with some copyright owners, or may have to pay higher rates than we currently pay.

We have obtained licenses from the MCSC with respect to musical composition and lyrics for a substantial portion of our music content library. We cannot guarantee that composers and lyricists in China will not withdraw all or part of their music works from the MCSC. To the extent that the MCSC has not obtained authorization to license from the relevant copyright owners, including circumstances where the copyright owners choose not to be represented by the MCSC, our ability to secure favorable licensing arrangements could be negatively affected, our content licensing cost may increase, and we may be subject to liabilities for copyright infringement. If we are unable to reach an agreement with respect to the content of any music copyright owners who withdraw all or a portion of their music works from the MCSC, or if we have to enter into direct licensing agreements with such music copyright owners at rates higher than those currently set by the MCSC for the use of music works, our ability to offer music content may be limited or our service costs may significantly increase, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The revenue model for online music entertainment services is relatively new in China and may not be effective, which may cause us to lose users and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The revenue model for online music entertainment is relatively new in China. We have devoted substantial efforts to monetize our user base by increasing our number of paying users and cultivating our users’ willingness to pay for music. We currently generate our revenues from (i) online music services and (ii) social entertainment services and others. At a strategic level, we plan to continue to optimize our existing monetization strategies and explore new monetization opportunities. However, if these efforts fail to achieve our anticipated results, we may not be able to increase or even maintain our revenue growth. For example, we generated most of the revenue for our live streaming services from the sale of virtual gifts. Users get free access to live streaming of music performance or other types of music content but have the option to purchase virtual gifts to send to performers and other users. User demand for this service may decrease substantially or we may fail to anticipate and serve user demands effectively. In addition, while we are exploring monetization alternatives such as streaming-based subscription, we cannot guarantee that such attempts will be widely accepted by our users.

Also, in order to increase the number of our paying users and cultivate our users’ willingness to pay for music content, we will need to address a number of challenges, including:

• providing consistently high-quality and user-friendly experience;

• continuing to curate a catalog of engaging content;

• continuing to introduce new, appealing products and services that users will pay for;

• continuing to innovate and stay ahead of our competitors;

• continuing to maintain and enhance the copyright protection environment; and

• maintaining and building our relationships with our content providers and other industry partners.

If we fail to address any of these challenges, especially if we fail to offer high-quality music content and superior user experience to meet user preferences and demands, we may not be successful in increasing the number of our paying users and cultivating our users’ willingness to pay for music content, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our business depends on our strong brands, and any failure to maintain, protect and enhance our brands could hurt our ability to retain or expand our user base and advertising customers.

We rely on our strong brands, principally QQ Music, Kugou, Kuwo and WeSing, to maintain our market leadership. Maintaining and enhancing our brands depends largely on our ability to continue to deliver comprehensive, high-quality content and service offerings to our users, which may not always be successful. Maintaining and enhancing our brands also depends largely on our ability to remain a leader in China’s online music entertainment market, which could be difficult and expensive. If we do not successfully maintain our strong brands, our reputation and business prospect could be harmed.

Our brands may be impaired by a number of factors, including any failure to keep pace with technological advances, slower load times for our services, a decline in the quality or breadth of our music content offerings, any failure to protect our intellectual property rights, or alleged violations by us of law and regulations or public policy. Additionally, if our content partners fail to maintain high standards, our brands could be adversely affected.

If we fail to keep up with industry trends or technological developments, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

The online music entertainment industry is rapidly evolving and subject to continuous technological changes. Our success will depend on our ability to keep up with the changes in technology and user behavior resulting from new developments and innovations. For example, as we provide our product and service offerings across a variety of mobile systems and devices, we are dependent on the interoperability of our services with popular mobile devices and mobile operating systems that we do not control, such as Android and iOS. If any changes in such mobile operating systems or devices degrade the functionality of our services or give preferential treatment to competitive services, the usage of our services could be adversely affected.

Technological innovations may also require substantial capital expenditures in product development as well as in modification of products, services or infrastructure. We cannot assure you that we can obtain financing to cover such expenditure. See “—We require a significant amount of capital to fund our music content acquisitions, user acquisitions and technology investments. If we cannot obtain sufficient capital, our business, financial condition and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.” If we fail to adapt our products and services to such changes in an effective and timely manner, we may suffer from decreased user traffic and user base, which, in turn, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

China’s internet and music entertainment industries are highly regulated. Our failure to obtain and maintain requisite licenses or permits applicable or to respond to any changes in government policies, laws or regulations may materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operation.

The PRC government regulates the internet industry extensively, including foreign ownership of companies in the internet industry and the licensing requirements pertaining to them. A number of regulatory authorities, such as the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the National Copyright Administration, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State Administration of Radio and Television and the Cyberspace Administration of China, regulate different aspects of the internet industry. These governmental authorities promulgate and enforce laws and regulations that cover many aspects of the telecommunications, internet information services, copyright, internet culture, internet publishing industries and online audio-visual products services, including entry into such industries, scope of permitted business activities, licenses and permits for various business activities and foreign investments into such industries. Operators are required to obtain various government approvals, licenses and permits in connection with their provision of internet information services, internet culture services, internet publication services, online audio-visual products and other related value-added telecommunications services. If we fail to obtain and maintain approvals, licenses or

31

permits required for our business, we could be subject to liabilities, penalties and operational disruption and our business could be materially and adversely affected.

Tencent Music Entertainment (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., or Tencent Music Shenzhen, a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangzhou Kugou, operates our online music services, QQ Music, and online karaoke business, WeSing. As of the date of this prospectus, Tencent Music Shenzhen intends to apply for a Value-added Telecommunications Business Operation License for providing online music and other commercial content via the internet, and an Online Publishing Service Permit for releasing music works for the first time via the internet. Tencent Music Shenzhen has not been subject to any legal or regulatory penalties in the past for the lack of any of these licenses. However, we cannot assure you that it can successfully obtain these licenses in a timely manner, or at all. As Tencent Music Shenzhen operates QQ Music and WeSing, an Audio and Video Service Permission, or AVSP, may be required. Tencent Music Shenzhen currently operates these two platforms as sub-domains of www.qq.com of Tencent Computer, which holds a valid AVSP for the www.qq.com domain and is controlled by our parent, Tencent. In the event Tencent Music Shenzhen is required to obtain an AVSP under its own name for operating our QQ Music and WeSing platforms, Tencent Music Shenzhen may not be eligible for an AVSP, because the current PRC laws and regulations require an applicant to be a wholly state-owned or state-controlled entity.

In addition, as of the date of this prospectus, each of Guangzhou Kugou and Beijing Kuwo plans to apply for an expansion of the permitted scope of business under their respective AVSP to cover their provision of audio and video programs through mobile network to users’ mobile device, and to apply for an Online Publishing Service Permit for their release of original music works via the internet. As of the date of this prospectus, neither of Guangzhou Kugou or Beijing Kuwo has been subject to any legal or regulatory penalties for failure to include the above-mentioned business in the permitted scope of business under their respective AVSPs or for the lack of the Online Publishing Service Permit. There is, however, no assurance that such applications will be eventually be approved in a timely manner, or at all. If any of Tencent Music Shenzhen, Guangzhou Kugou, Beijing Kuwo, our other subsidiaries, our VIEs or our VIE’s subsidiaries is found to be in violation of PRC laws and regulations regarding licenses and permits, we could be subject to legal and regulatory penalties and our business operations may not be able to continue operating in the same manner or at all, and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

PRC laws and regulations are evolving, and there are uncertainties relating to the regulation of different aspects of the online music entertainment industry, including but not limited to exclusive licensing and sublicensing arrangements. Pursuant to an article posted on National Copyright Administration’s official website, in September 2017, the National Copyright Administration held meetings with a number of music industry players, including us, where it encouraged the relevant industry players to “avoid acquiring exclusive music copyright” and indicated that they should also not engage in activities involving “collective management of music copyright.” There is substantial uncertainty as to whether some of our current licensing arrangements may be found objectionable by the regulatory authorities in the future. In such event, we may have to revisit and modify such arrangements in a way that may cause substantial costs, and our ability to offer music content and our competitive advantages may be harmed, which may have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We operate in a relatively new and evolving market.

Many elements of our business are unique, evolving and relatively unproven. Our business and prospects primarily depend on the continuing development and growth of the online music entertainment industry as well as the live streaming industry in China, which are affected by numerous factors. For example, content quality, user experience, technological innovations, development of internet and internet-based services, regulatory environment and macroeconomic environment are important factors that affect our business and prospects. The markets for our products and services are relatively new and rapidly developing and are subject to significant challenges. In addition, our continued growth depends, in part, on our ability to respond to constant changes in

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the internet industry, including rapid technological evolution, continued shifts in customer demands, frequent introductions of new products and services and constant emergence of new industry standards and practices. Developing and integrating new content, products, services or infrastructure could be expensive and time-consuming, and these efforts may not yield the benefits we expect to achieve. We cannot assure you that we will succeed in any of these aspects or that these industries in China will continue to grow as rapidly as in the past. If online music or live streaming as forms of entertainment lose their popularity due to changing social trends and user preferences, or if such industries in China fail to grow as quickly as expected, our business, financial condition and results of operation may be materially and adversely affected.

We operate in a competitive industry. If we are unable to compete successfully, we may lose market share to our competitors.

We operate in a competitive industry. We face competition for users and their time and spending primarily from the online music services provided by other online music services providers in China. We also face competition from online offerings of other forms of content, including karaoke services, live streaming, radio services, literature, games and video provided by other social entertainment services providers. In particular, we are facing increasing competition from offerings of other emerging forms of content which have been growing in popularity rapidly in recent years, such as live streaming and user-generated short-form video.

We compete with our competitors based on a number of factors, such as the diversity of content, product features, social interaction features, quality of user experience, brand awareness and reputation. Some of our competitors may have greater financial, marketing or technology resources than we do, which enable them to respond more quickly to technological innovations or changes in user demands and preferences, acquire more attractive content and devote greater resources towards the development, promotion and sale of products than we can. Also, they may provide their users with content that we do not have the license to offer. If any of our competitors achieves greater market acceptance or is able to provide more attractive content offerings than we do, our user traffic and market share may decrease, which may result in a loss of users and a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may fail to attract and retain talented and popular live streaming performers, karaoke singers and other key opinion leaders to maintain the attractiveness and level of engagement of our social entertainment services.

The engagement level of our user base as well as the quality of our social entertainment content offered on our platform are closely linked to the popularity and performance of our live streaming performers, karaoke singers and other key opinion leaders.

With respect to our live streaming services, we rely on live streaming performers to attract user traffic and drive user engagement. Although we have entered into cooperation agreements that contain exclusivity clauses with certain live streaming performers and/or their talent agencies, those live streaming performers may breach the agreement or decide not to renew their agreements upon expiration.

In addition to our most popular live streaming performers, we must continue to attract and retain talented and popular karaoke singers and other key opinion leaders in order to maintain and increase our social entertainment content offerings and ensure the sustainable growth of our online music user community. We must identify and acquire potential popular karaoke singers and other key opinion leaders and provide them with sufficient resources. However, we cannot assure you that we can continue to maintain the same level of attractiveness to such popular karaoke singers and other key opinion leaders.

If we can no longer maintain our relationships with our live streaming performers, karaoke singers and other key opinion leaders or their appeal decreases, the popularity of our platform may decline and the number of our users may decrease, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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We cooperate with various talent agencies to manage and recruit our live streaming performers and any adverse change in our relationships could materially and adversely impact our business.

We cooperate with talent agencies to manage, organize and recruit live streaming performers on our platform. As we are an open platform that welcomes all live streaming performers to register on our websites, cooperation with talent agencies substantially increases our operation efficiency in terms of discovering, supporting and managing live streaming performers in a more organized and structured manner, and turning amateur live streaming performers to full-time ones.

We share a portion of the revenues generated from the sales of virtual gifts attributed to the performers’ live streams with live streaming performers and the talent agencies who manage these performers. If we cannot balance the interests between us, live streaming performers and the talent agencies and offer a revenue-sharing mechanism that is attractive to live streaming performers and talent agencies, we may not be able to retain their services. If other platforms offer better revenue sharing incentives to talent agencies, such talent agencies may choose to devote more of their resources to live streaming performers who stream on such other platforms, or encourage their live streaming performers to use or even enter into exclusive agreements with such other platforms, all of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our brand image and business may be adversely impacted by misconduct by our live streaming performers and users and their misuse of our platform.

We do not have full control over how users use our platform, whether through live streaming, commenting or other forms of sharing or communication. We face the risk that our platform may be misused or abused by live streaming performers or users. We have a robust internal control system in place to review and monitor live streams and other forms of social interactions among our users and will shut down streams that are illegal or inappropriate. However, we may not be able to identify all such streams and content, or prevent all such content from being posted.

Moreover, we have limited control over the real-time behavior of our live streaming performers and users. To the extent such behavior is associated with our platform, our ability to protect our brand image and reputation may be limited. Our business and public perception of our brand may be materially and adversely affected by the misuse of our platform. In addition, in response to allegations of illegal or inappropriate activities conducted through our platform or any negative media coverage about us, PRC government authorities may intervene and hold us liable for non-compliance with PRC laws and regulations concerning the dissemination of information on the internet and subject us to administrative penalties, including confiscation of income and fines or other sanctions, such as requiring us to restrict or discontinue certain features and services. As a result, our business, financial condition and results of operation may be materially and adversely affected.

We face the risk that live streaming performers that perform on our platform may infringe upon third parties’ intellectual property rights.

Our agreements with live streaming performers and their agencies provide that content generated through our platform by live streaming performers is owned by us. Live streaming performers are prohibited from disseminating content infringing on others’ intellectual property rights. We delete content we deem unauthorized and block the account of the performers. However, we cannot guarantee that all content generated by our live streaming performers or users is legal and non-infringing, and we cannot guarantee that the online performance and/or other use of music works by the live streaming performers are authorized by the corresponding intellectual property rights owners.

As the application of existing laws and regulations to specific aspects of online music business remains relatively unclear and is still evolving, it is difficult to predict whether we will be subject to joint infringement

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liability if our live streaming performers or users infringe on third parties’ intellectual property rights. We rely on our ownership over the content generated by the performers and our exclusive contractual relationship with certain live streaming performers to maintain our competitiveness, but these measures may increase our risk of being liable for infringement committed by the live streaming performers or users. Furthermore, if we are determined to be jointly liable either by new regulations or court judgments, we may have to change our policies and it may materially and adversely impact on our business, financial condition and results of operation.

Failure to protect our intellectual property could substantially harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

We rely upon a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality policies, nondisclosure and other contractual arrangements and patent, copyright, software copyright, trademark, and other intellectual property laws to protect our intellectual property rights. Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights, the steps we take in this regard might not be adequate to prevent or deter infringement or other misappropriation of our intellectual property by competitors, former employees or other third-parties.

We have filed, and may in the future file, patent applications on certain of our innovations. It is possible, however, that these innovations may not be patentable. In addition, given the cost, effort and risks associated with patent application, we may choose not to seek patent protection for some innovations. Furthermore, our patent applications may not lead to granted patents, the scope of the protection gained may be insufficient or an issued patent may be deemed invalid or unenforceable. We also cannot guarantee that any of our present or future patents or other intellectual property rights will not lapse or be invalidated, circumvented, challenged, or abandoned.

Litigation or proceedings before governmental authorities, administrative and judicial bodies may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights and to determine the validity and scope of our rights. Our efforts to protect our intellectual property in such litigation and proceedings may be ineffective and could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management time, each of which could substantially harm our operating results.

While we typically require our employees, consultants and contractors who may be involved in the development of intellectual property to execute agreements assigning such intellectual property to us, we may be unsuccessful in executing or enforcing such agreements with each party that develops intellectual property that we regard as our own. In addition, such agreements may be breached. We may be forced to bring claims against the breaching third parties, or defend claims that they may bring against us related to the ownership of such intellectual property.

The content available on our platform may be found objectionable by the PRC government, which may subject us to penalties and other regulatory or administrative actions.

As an internet content provider, we are subject to PRC regulations governing internet access and the distribution of music, music videos and other forms of content over the internet. See “PRC Regulations.” These regulations prohibit internet content providers and internet publishers from posting on the internet any content that, among other things, violates PRC laws and regulations, impairs the national dignity of China or the public interest, or is obscene, superstitious, frightening, gruesome, offensive, fraudulent or defamatory. In particular, since the outset of 2018, the Chinese government has tightened its crackdown on content that it deemed to be “vulgar” offered by online and mobile live streaming and video services. Failure to comply with these requirements may result in monetary penalties, revocation of licenses to provide internet content or other licenses, suspension of the concerned platforms and reputational harm. In addition, these laws and regulations are subject to interpretation by the PRC government, and it may not be possible to determine in all cases the types of content that could cause us to be held liable for offering content that is found objectionable by the PRC government.

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Internet content providers may be held liable for content displayed on or linked to their online platforms that is subject to certain restrictions. We allow our users to upload user-generated content, such as music, videos, comments, reviews and other forms of content. We also make it possible for selected professional producers to make their content available to users through our official music accounts and allow them a high level of control of the content offered through our music accounts. While we have in place internal rules and procedures to monitor user-generated content on our platform, due to the massive amount of such content, we may not be able to identify, in a timely manner or at all, the content that is illegal or inappropriate or that may otherwise be found objectionable by the PRC government. Additionally, we may not be able to keep our rules and procedures abreast of changes in the PRC government’s requirements for content display. Failure to identify and prevent illegal or inappropriate content from being displayed on our platform may result in legal and administrative liability, government sanctions, loss of licenses and/or permits, or reputational harm. If the PRC regulatory authorities find any content displayed on our platform objectionable, they may require us to limit or eliminate the dissemination of such content on our platform. In the past, we have from time to time received phone calls and written notices from the relevant PRC regulatory authorities requesting us to delete or restrict certain content that the government deemed inappropriate or sensitive. Although we have not been materially penalized for our content so far, in the event that the PRC regulatory authorities find any content on our platform objectionable and impose penalties on us or take other actions against us in the future, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Pending or future litigation could have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

From time to time, we have been, and may in the future be, subject to lawsuits brought by our competitors, individuals, or other entities against us, in matters relating to intellectual property rights, contractual disputes and competition claims. The outcomes of actions we institute may not be successful or favorable to us. Lawsuits against us may also generate negative publicity that significantly harms our reputation, which may adversely affect our user base. In addition to the related cost, managing and defending litigation and related indemnity obligations can significantly divert our management’s attention from operating our business. We may also need to pay damages or settle lawsuits with a substantial amount of cash. As of June 30, 2018, there were 931 lawsuits pending in connection with our platform against us or our affiliates with an aggregate amount of damages sought of approximately RMB47.4 million (US$7 million). Substantially all of these lawsuits involve alleged copyright infringement on our platform. While we do not believe that any currently pending proceedings are likely to have a material adverse effect on us, if there were adverse determinations in legal proceedings against us, we could be required to pay substantial monetary damages or adjust our business practices, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our strategic focus on rapid innovation and long-term user engagement over short-term financial results may generate results of operation that do not align with investors’ expectations. If that happens, our stock price may be negatively affected.

Our business is growing and becoming more complex, and our success depends on our ability to quickly develop and launch new and innovative products and services. This business strategy could result in unintended outcomes or decisions that are poorly received by our users or partners. Our culture also prioritizes our long-term user engagement over short-term financial condition or results of operations. We frequently make decisions that may reduce our short-term revenue or profitability if we believe that the decisions will improve user experience and long-term financial performance, including our monetization strategy for transitioning our paying users base to a streaming-based online music service model. These decisions may not produce the long-term benefits that we expect, in which case our user growth and engagement, our relationships with our partners, and our business, financial condition and results of operation could be materially and adversely affected.

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Privacy concerns or security breaches relating to our platform could result in economic loss, damage our reputation, deter users from using our products, and expose us to legal penalties and liability.

We collect, process and store significant amounts of data concerning our users, as well as data pertaining to our business partners and employees. While we have taken reasonable steps to protect such data, techniques used to gain unauthorized access to data and systems, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems, are constantly evolving, and we may be unable to anticipate such techniques or implement adequate preventative measures to avoid unauthorized access or other adverse impacts to such data or our systems.

Like all internet services, our service is vulnerable to software bugs, computer viruses, internet worms, break-ins, phishing attacks, attempts to overload servers with denial-of-service, or other attacks or similar disruptions from unauthorized use of our and third-party computer systems, any of which could lead to system interruptions, delays, or shutdowns, causing loss of critical data or the unauthorized access of data. Computer malware, viruses, and computer hacking and phishing attacks have become more prevalent in our industry, and we experience cyber-attacks of varying degrees on a regular basis, including hacking or attempted hacking into our user accounts and redirecting our user traffic to other internet platforms. Functions that facilitate interactivity with other internet platforms could increase the scope of access of hackers to user accounts. Though it is difficult to determine what, if any, harm may directly result from any specific interruption or attack, and to date we have been able to rectify any cyber-attacks without significant impact to our business operations, any failure to maintain performance, reliability, security and availability of our products to the satisfaction of our users may harm our reputation and our ability to retain existing users and attract new users. Although we have in place systems and processes that are designed to protect our data, prevent data loss, disable undesirable accounts and activities on our platform and prevent or detect security breaches, we cannot assure you that such measures will provide absolute security. If an actual or perceived breach of security occurs to our systems or a third party’s systems, we also could be required to expend significant resources to mitigate the breach of security and to address matters related to any such breach, including notifying users or regulators.

In addition, we are subject to various regulatory requirements relating to the security and privacy of such data, including restrictions on the collection and use of personal information of users and are required to take steps to prevent personal data from being divulged, stolen, or tampered with. Regulatory requirements regarding the protection of such data are constantly evolving and can be subject to differing interpretations or significant change, making the extent of our responsibilities in that regard uncertain. For example, the Cybersecurity Law of the PRC became effective in June 2017, but there are great uncertainties as to the interpretation and application of the law. Complying with such requirements could cause us to incur substantial expenses or require us to alter or change our practices in a manner that could harm our business.

Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to maintain the security of our user data or to comply with privacy or data security laws, regulations, policies, legal obligations, or industry standards, may result in governmental enforcement actions and investigations (including fines and penalties, or enforcement orders requiring us to cease operating in a certain way), litigation or adverse publicity. This may expose us to potential liability and may require us to expend significant resources in responding to and defending allegations and claims. Moreover, claims or allegations that we have violated laws and regulations relating to privacy and data security, or have failed to adequately protect data, may result in damage to our reputation and a loss of confidence in us by our users or our partners, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If the third parties we work with violate applicable laws or contractual obligations or suffer a security breach, such circumstances also may put us in breach of our obligations under privacy laws and regulations and could in turn have a material adverse effect on our business.

We depend on our senior management and highly skilled personnel. If we are unable to attract, retain and motivate a sufficient number of them, our ability to grow our business could be harmed.

We believe that our future success depend significantly on our continuing ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain our senior management and a sufficient number of experienced and skilled employees.

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Qualified individuals are in high demand, particularly in the online music industry, and we may have to incur significant costs to attract and retain them. Additionally, we use share-based awards to attract talented employees, and if the ADSs decline in value, we may have difficulties recruiting and retaining qualified employees.

In particular, we cannot ensure that we will be able to retain the services of our senior management and key executive officers. The loss of any key management or executive could be highly disruptive and adversely affect our business operations and future growth. Moreover, if any of these individuals joins a competitor or forms a competing business, we may lose crucial business secrets, technological know-how and other valuable resources. Although our senior management and executive officers have non-compete agreements with us, we cannot assure you that they will comply with such agreements or that we will be able to effectively enforce such agreements.

Compliance with the laws or regulations governing virtual currency may result in us having to obtain additional approvals or licenses or change our current business model.

The Circular on Strengthening the Administration of Online Game Virtual Currency or the Virtual Currency Circular, jointly issued by the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Commerce in 2009, broadly defined virtual currency as a type of virtual exchange instrument issued by internet game operation enterprises, purchased directly or indirectly by the game users by exchanging legal currency at a certain exchange rate, saved outside the game programs, stored in servers provided by the internet game operation enterprises in electronic record format and represented by specific numeric units. Virtual currency is used to exchange internet game services provided by the issuing enterprise for a designated extent and time, and is represented by several forms, such as online prepaid game cards, prepaid amounts or internet game points, and does not include game props obtained from playing online games. In addition, the Virtual Currency Circular defines “issuing enterprise” and “transaction enterprise” and stipulates that a single enterprise may not operate both types of business. Online game operators are further prohibited from distributing virtual gifts or virtual currencies to users paying cash or virtual currency through random selection methods such as lottery, gambling or prize draw. See “PRC Regulations—Regulations on Virtual Currency.”

Although we issue virtual currencies to users for cash or, in a few past cases, as a reward for users’ participation in our guessing games on our platform for them to purchase various items to be used on our live streaming and online karaoke platforms. As advised by our PRC legal advisor, our service does not constitute virtual currency transaction services because users cannot transfer or trade these currency among themselves. However, we cannot assure you that the PRC regulatory authorities will not take a view contrary to ours or consider any other aspects of our business operations involving virtual currencies constitute virtual currency transactions or otherwise be subject to the PRC regulatory regime on online games. If the PRC regulatory authorities deem any transfer or exchange on our platform to be a virtual currency transaction, then in addition to being deemed to be engaging in the issuance of virtual currency, we may also be deemed to be providing transaction platform services that enable the trading of such virtual currency. Simultaneously engaging in both of these activities is prohibited under PRC law. We may be required to cease either our virtual currency issuance activities or such deemed “transaction service” activities and may be subject to certain penalties, including mandatory corrective measures and fines. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We require a significant amount of capital to fund our music content acquisitions, user acquisitions and technology investments. If we cannot obtain sufficient capital, our business, financial condition and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.

Operating our online music platforms requires significant, continuous investment in acquiring content, users and technology. Acquiring licenses to music content can be costly. Historically, we have financed our operations primarily with operating cash flows and shareholder contributions. As part of our growth strategies, we plan to

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continue to incur substantial capital in the future to cover, among other things, the costs to license music content and innovate our technologies, which requires us to obtain additional equity or debt financing. Our ability to obtain additional financing in the future is subject to a number of uncertainties, including those relating to:

• our future business development, financial condition and results of operations;

• general market conditions for financing activities;

• macro-economic and other conditions in China and elsewhere; and

• our relationship with Tencent, our controlling shareholder.

Although we expect to rely less on financing support from Tencent and rely increasingly on net cash provided by operating activities and financing through capital markets and commercial banks for our liquidity needs as our business continues to grow and after we become a public company, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in our efforts to diversify our sources of capital. If we cannot obtain sufficient capital, we may not be able to implement our growth strategies, and our business, financial condition and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.

If we fail to attract more advertisers to our platform or if advertisers are less willing to advertise with us, our business, financial condition and results of operation may be adversely affected.

Our advertising revenues depend on the overall growth of the online advertising industry in China and advertisers’ continued willingness to deploy online advertising as part of the advertised spend. In addition, advertisers may choose more established Chinese internet portals or search engines over on our platform. If the online advertising market does not continue to grow, or if we are unable to capture and retain a sufficient share of that market, our ability to grow our advertising revenues may be materially and adversely affected.

Furthermore, our key and long-term priority of optimizing user experience and satisfaction may limit our ability to significantly grow our advertising revenues. For example, in order to provide our users with an uninterrupted online music entertainment experience, we limit the amount of advertising on our streaming interface or pop-up advertisements during streaming. While this may adversely affect our operating results in the short-term, we believe it enables us to provide a superior user experience which will enable us to expand current user base and strengthen our monetization potential in the long-term. However, this philosophy of prioritizing user experience may also negatively impact our relationships with advertisers, and may not result in the long-term benefits that we expect, in which case the success of our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to attract or retain direct advertisers or advertising agencies. If we fail to retain and enhance our business relationships with these advertisers or third-party advertising agencies, we may suffer from a loss of advertisers and our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. If we fail to retain existing advertisers and advertising agencies or attract new direct advertisers and advertising agencies or any of our current advertising methods or promotion activities becomes less effective, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Our historical financial information for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 may not be directly comparable due to our consolidation of CMC’s financial results since July 2016, which may make it difficult for you to evaluate our business and prospects.

On July 12, 2016, Tencent acquired CMC, a major online music entertainment platform in China. See “Corporate History and Structure” for more information about the acquisition. As a result of the acquisition, CMC’s operations were merged with Tencent’s QQ Music and WeSing business, and we have consolidated the financial results of CMC into ours since July 12, 2016. Therefore, our consolidated financial information for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 may not be directly comparable with each other, which may make it difficult for you to evaluate our business and prospects.

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Our operating metrics are subject to inherent challenges in measurement, and real or perceived inaccuracies in those metrics may harm our reputation and our business.

We regularly review MAUs, number of paying users and other key metrics to evaluate growth trends, measure our performance and make strategic decisions. These metrics are calculated using our internal data and have not been validated by an independent third party. While these numbers are based on what we believe to be reasonable estimates of our user base for the applicable period of measurement, there are inherent challenges in measuring how our services are used across large populations in China. For example, individuals who have multiple accounts and devices registered with our platform could result in an overstatement of the number of our users. We are also subject to the risk associated with artificial manipulation of data, such as stream counts on our platform. Any errors or inaccuracies in these metrics could result in less informed business decisions and operational inefficiencies. For example, if our user base is overstated by the MAU data we track, we may fail to make the right strategic choices needed to expand our user base and achieve our growth strategies.

We are subject to payment processing risk.

Our users pay for our membership services and the music content offered on our platforms through a variety of online payment solutions. We rely on third parties to process such payments. Acceptance and processing of these payment methods are subject to certain rules and regulations and require payment of interchange and other fees. To the extent there are increases in payment processing fees, material changes in the payment network, such as delays in receiving payments from processors and/or changes in the rules or regulations concerning payment processing, our ability to provide superior use experience, including convenient payment options, may be undermined, and our revenue, operating expenses and results of operation could be adversely impacted.

Our ability to expand our user base depends in part on users being able to access our services, which may be affected by third-party interference beyond our control.

Access to our services may be affected by restrictions on the ability of our users to access websites, mobile apps and client-based desktop applications via the internet. Corporations, professional organizations and governmental agencies could block access to the internet or our online platforms as a competitive strategy or for other reasons, such as security or confidentiality concerns, or political, regulatory or compliance reasons. In any of these occurrences, users may not be able to access our services, and user engagement and monetization of our services may be adversely affected.

Additionally, we offer our mobile apps via smartphone and tablet apps stores operated by third parties. Some of these third parties are now, and others may in the future become, competitors of ours, and could stop allowing or supporting access to our mobile apps through app stores, increase access costs or change the terms of access in a way that makes our apps less desirable or harder to access. Furthermore, since the mobile devices that provide users with access to our services are not manufactured and sold by us, we cannot guarantee that such devices will perform reliably, and any faulty connection between these devices and our services may result in user dissatisfaction toward us. As a result, our brand and reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Negative media coverage could adversely affect our business.

Negative publicity about us or our business, shareholders, affiliates, directors, officers or other employees, as well as the industry in which we operate, can harm our operations. Such negative publicity could be related to a variety of matters, including:

• alleged misconduct or other improper activities committed by our shareholders, affiliates, directors, officers and other employees;

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• false or malicious allegations or rumors about us or our shareholders, affiliates, directors, officers and other employees;

• user complaints about the quality of our products and services;

• copyright infringements involving us and content offered on our platform;

• security breaches of confidential user information; and

• governmental and regulatory investigations or penalties resulting from our failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations.

We may also be affected by publicity relating to third party service providers. For example, in September 2018, there was negative publicity involving certain senior officers of iResearch, the industry consultant we commissioned to prepare an industry report in connection with this offering. According to a public announcement made by iResearch, certain senior officers of iResearch are cooperating with governmental investigations in China. Such publicity may raise questions as to the integrity of the industry data or opinions produced by iResearch, including the data included in iResearch’s industry report produced in connection with this offering, which we have cited in this prospectus, or otherwise have a negative impact on our reputation.

In addition to traditional media, there has been an increasing use of social media platforms and similar devices in China, including instant messaging applications, such as Weixin/WeChat, social media websites and other forms of internet-based communications that provide individuals with access to a broad audience of users and other interested persons. The availability of information on instant messaging applications and social media platforms is virtually immediate as is its impact without affording us an opportunity for redress or correction. The opportunity for dissemination of information, including inaccurate information, is seemingly limitless and readily available. Information concerning our company, shareholders, directors, officers and employees may be posted on such platforms at any time. The risks associated with any such negative publicity or incorrect information cannot be completely eliminated or mitigated and may materially harm our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.

Future strategic alliances or acquisitions may have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may enter into strategic alliances, including joint ventures or equity investments, with various third parties to further our business purpose from time to time. These alliances could subject us to a number of risks, including risks associated with sharing proprietary information, non-performance by the third party and increased expenses in establishing new strategic alliances, any of which may materially and adversely affect our business. We may have limited ability to monitor or control the actions of these third parties and, to the extent any of these strategic third parties suffers negative publicity or harm to their reputation from events relating to their business, we may also suffer negative publicity or harm to our reputation by virtue of our association with any such third party.

In addition, when appropriate opportunities arise, we may acquire additional assets, products, technologies or businesses that are complementary to our existing business. In addition to possible shareholders’ approval, we may also have to obtain approvals and licenses from relevant government authorities for the acquisitions and to comply with any applicable PRC laws and regulations, which could result in increased delay and costs, and may derail our business strategy if we fail to do so. Furthermore, past and future acquisitions and the subsequent integration of new assets and businesses require significant attention from our management and could result in a diversion of resources from our existing business, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our business operations. Acquired assets or businesses may not generate the financial results we expect. Acquisitions could result in the use of substantial amounts of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the occurrence of significant goodwill impairment charges, amortization expenses for other intangible assets and exposure to potential unknown liabilities of the acquired business. Moreover, the costs of identifying and consummating

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acquisitions may be significant. Furthermore, our equity investees may generate significant losses, a portion of which will be shared by us in accordance with IFRS. Any such negative developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Advertisements shown on our platform may subject us to penalties and other administrative actions.

Under PRC advertising laws and regulations, we are obligated to monitor the advertising content shown on our platform to ensure that such content is true, accurate and in full compliance with applicable laws and regulations. See “PRC Regulation—Regulations on Online Advertising Services.” Violation of these laws and regulations may subject us to penalties, including fines, confiscation of our advertising income, orders to cease dissemination of the advertisements and orders to publish an announcement correcting the misleading information. A majority of the advertisements shown on our platform are provided to us by third parties. While we have implemented a combination of automated monitoring and manual review to ensure that the advertisements shown on our platform are in compliance with applicable laws and regulations, we cannot assure you that all the content contained in such advertisements is true and accurate as required by the advertising laws and regulations, especially given the uncertainty in the application of such laws and regulations. In addition, advertisers may, through illegal technology, evade our content monitoring procedures to show advertisements on our platform that do not comply with applicable laws and regulations. The inability of our systems and procedures to adequately and timely discover such evasions may subject us to regulatory penalties or administrative sanctions.

Programming errors could adversely affect our user experience and market acceptance of our content, which may materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Our platform or content on our platform may contain programming errors that adversely affect our user experience and market acceptance of our content. We have from time to time received user feedback pertaining to programming errors. While we generally have been able to resolve such errors in a timely manner, we cannot assure you that we will be able to detect and resolve all these programming errors effectively. Programming errors or defects may adversely affect user experience, cause users to refrain from subscribing for our services, or cause our advertising customers to reduce their use of our services, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We have granted, and may continue to grant, share incentives, which may result in increased share-based compensation expenses.

We have adopted various equity incentive plans, including a share incentive plan adopted in 2014 and a share option plan and a restricted share award plan adopted in 2017. We account for compensation costs for all share-based awards using a fair-value based method and recognize expenses in our consolidated statements of comprehensive loss in accordance with IFRS. Under such plans, we are authorized to grant options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted stock units and other types of awards as the administrator of such plans may decide. The maximum aggregate number of shares that we are authorized to issue pursuant to the equity awards granted under such plans is 183,401,310 shares. As of the date of this prospectus, 13,441,261 restricted shares, and options to purchase a total of 87,665,164 ordinary shares have been granted and are outstanding, under such plans. Our share-based compensation expenses also include the share-based compensation expenses arising from awards granted under certain share incentive plans of Tencent that was allocated to us in connection with Tencent’s acquisition of CMC in July 2016. In 2016 and 2017 and the first half of 2018, we recorded RMB170 million, RMB384 million (US$58 million) and RMB235 million (US$36 million), respectively, in share-based compensation expenses. We believe the granting of share-based awards is of significant importance to our ability to attract and retain key personnel and employees, and we will continue to grant share-based awards in the future. As a result, our expenses associated with share-based compensation may increase, which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

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While we believe that we currently have adequate internal control procedures in place, we are still exposed to potential risks from legislation requiring companies to evaluate controls under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Upon completion of this offering, we will become subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, or Section 404, requires that we include a report from management on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in our annual report on Form 20-F beginning with our annual report for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm must attest to and report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019.

Although we believe that we currently have adequate internal control procedures in place, we may fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting in the future, and our independent registered public accounting firm, after conducting its own independent testing, may not certify the effectiveness of our internal control if it is not satisfied with our internal controls or the level at which our controls are documented, designed, operated or reviewed, or if it interprets the relevant requirements differently from us.

If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, as these standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404. If we fail to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment, we could suffer material misstatements in our financial statements and fail to meet our reporting obligations, which would likely cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information. This could in turn limit our access to capital markets, harm our results of operations, and lead to a decline in the trading price of the ADSs representing our ordinary shares. Additionally, ineffective internal control over financial reporting could expose us to increased risk of fraud or misuse of corporate assets and subject us to potential delisting from the stock exchange on which we list, regulatory investigations and civil or criminal sanctions.

Risks Related to Our Relationship with Tencent

If we are no longer able to benefit from our business cooperation with Tencent, our business may be adversely affected.

Our ultimate controlling shareholder and strategic partner, Tencent, is one of the largest internet companies in the world. Our business has benefited significantly from Tencent’s brand name and strong market position in China. In addition, we have benefited from distributing our content through Tencent’s extensive social network, which provides Tencent’s large number of users with access to our music content. We also cooperate with Tencent in a number of other areas, such as user traffic acquisition, advertising, technology, social graphs and IT infrastructure. See “Our Relationship with Tencent.” We cannot assure you that we will continue to benefit from our cooperation with Tencent and its subsidiaries in the future. To the extent we cannot maintain our cooperative relationships with Tencent on terms favorable to us or at all, we will need to source other business partners to provide services such as distribution channels, promotion services, as well as IT and payment services, and we may lose access to key strategic assets, which could result in material and adverse effects on our business and results of operations.

Any negative development in Tencent’s market position, brand recognition or financial condition may materially and adversely affect our marketing efforts and the strength of our brand.

We have benefited significantly and expect to continue to benefit significantly from Tencent’s strong brand recognition, broad user base and extensive user data, as well as Tencent’s content ecosystem, which enhances our reputation and credibility. If Tencent loses its market position, the effectiveness of our marketing efforts through our association with Tencent may be materially and adversely affected. In addition, any negative publicity

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associated with Tencent or any negative development with respect to Tencent’s market position, financial condition, or compliance with legal or regulatory requirements in China, will likely have an adverse impact on the effectiveness of our marketing efforts, as well as our reputation and brand.

Tencent, our controlling shareholder, has had and will continue to have effective control over the outcome of shareholder actions in our company. The interests of Tencent may not be aligned with the interests of our other shareholders and holders of the ADSs.

Immediately upon completion of this offering, Tencent will beneficially own             % of our outstanding ordinary shares, representing             % of our total voting power, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs. Tencent will continue to be our controlling shareholder immediately upon completion of this offering. Tencent’s voting power gives it the power to control certain actions that require shareholder approval under Cayman Islands law, our memorandum and articles of association and [New York Stock Exchange]/[NASDAQ Global Market] requirements, including approval of mergers and other business combinations, changes to our memorandum and articles of association, the number of shares available for issuance under any share incentive plans, and the issuance of significant amounts of our ordinary shares in private placements.

Tencent’s voting control may cause transactions to occur that might not be beneficial to you as a holder of the ADSs and may prevent transactions that would be beneficial to you. For example, Tencent’s voting control may prevent a transaction involving a change of control in us, including transactions in which you as a holder of the ADSs might otherwise receive a premium for the ADSs over the then-current market price. In addition, Tencent is not prohibited from selling the controlling interest in us to a third party and may do so without your approval and without providing for a purchase of your ADSs. If Tencent is acquired, otherwise undergoes a change of control or is subject to a corporate restructuring, an acquirer, successor or other third party may be entitled to exercise the voting control and contractual rights of Tencent, and may do so in a manner that could vary significantly from that of Tencent.

We may have conflicts of interest with Tencent and, because of Tencent’s controlling ownership interest in our company, we may not be able to resolve such conflicts on terms favorable to us.

Conflict of interest may arise between Tencent and us in a number of areas relating to our ongoing relationships. Potential conflicts of interest that we have identified mainly include the following:

• Agreements with Tencent. We had a master business cooperation agreement with Tencent which expired on July 12, 2018 and we then entered into a new master business cooperation agreement. See “Our Relationship with Tencent—Master Business Cooperation Agreement.” Tencent may use its control over us to prevent us from bringing a legal claim against it in the event of a contractual breach by Tencent, notwithstanding our contractual rights under the master business cooperation agreement and any other agreement we may enter into with Tencent from time to time.

• Allocation of business opportunities. There may arise business opportunities in the future that both we and Tencent are interested in and which may complement each of our respective businesses. Tencent holds a large number of business interests, some of which may directly or indirectly compete with us. For example, Tencent currently owns equity stakes in certain music streaming businesses operating outside of the PRC. See also “Our Relationship with Tencent.” Tencent may decide to take up such opportunities itself, which would prevent us from taking advantage of those opportunities.

• Employee recruiting and retention. We may compete with Tencent in the hiring of employees, especially computer programmers, engineers, sales and other employees with experience or an interest in the internet industry.

• Sale of shares in our company. Subject to lock-up arrangements with the underwriters and applicable securities laws, Tencent may decide to sell all or a portion of the shares that it holds in our company to

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a third party, including to one of our competitors, thereby giving that third party substantial influence over our business and our affairs. Such a sale could be contrary to the interests of our employees or our other shareholders or holders of the ADSs.

• Developing business relationships with Tencent’s competitors. We may be limited in our ability to do business with Tencent’s competitors, which may limit our ability to serve the best interests of our company and our other shareholders or holders of the ADSs.

• Our directors may have conflicts of interest. Certain of our directors are also employees of Tencent. These relationships could create, or appear to create, conflicts of interest when these persons are faced with decisions with potentially different implications for Tencent and us.

Our financial contribution to Tencent was not material during the periods presented in this prospectus, and Tencent may from time to time make strategic decisions that it believes are in the best interests of its business as a whole, which may be different from the decisions that we would have made on our own. Tencent’s decisions with respect to us or our business may favor Tencent and therefore the Tencent shareholders, which may not necessarily be aligned with our interests and the interests of our other shareholders. Moreover, Tencent may make decisions, or suffer adverse trends, that may disrupt or discontinue our collaborations with Tencent or our access to Tencent’s user base. Although after we become a stand-alone public company we will have an audit committee, consisting of independent non-executive directors, to review and approve all proposed related party transactions, we may not be able to resolve all potential conflicts of interest, and even if we do so, the resolution may be less favorable to us than if we were dealing with a non-controlling shareholder.

Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure

If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating some of our operations in China do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.

Foreign investment in the value-added telecommunication services industry in China is extensively regulated and subject to numerous restrictions. The Special Administrative Measures for Entrance of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2018 Version) provides that foreign investors are generally not allowed to own more than 50% of the equity interests in a value-added telecommunication service provider other than an e-commerce service provider, and the Provisions on the Administration of Foreign-Invested Telecommunications Enterprises (2016 Revision) requires that the major foreign investor in a value-added telecommunication service provider in China must have experience in providing value-added telecommunications services overseas and maintain a good track record. In addition, foreign investors are prohibited from investing in companies engaged in online publishing business, internet audio-visual programs business, internet culture business (except for music), and radio and television program production business. See “PRC Regulation—Regulations on Foreign Investment Special Administrative Measures for Entrance of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2018 Version).”

We are a Cayman Islands company and our PRC subsidiaries are currently considered foreign-invested enterprises. Accordingly, none of our PRC subsidiaries is eligible to provide value-added telecommunication services or conduct other businesses which foreign-owned companies are prohibited or restricted from conducting in China. To ensure strict compliance with the PRC laws and regulations, we conduct such business activities through Guangzhou Kugou, Beijing Kuwo, Shenzhen Ultimate Music and Xizang Qiming, our consolidated variable interest entities, or VIEs, and their subsidiaries. Each of Beijing Tencent Music, Yeelion Online and Shenzhen Ultimate Xiangyue, our wholly owned subsidiaries in China, has entered into a series of contractual arrangements with our respective VIEs and their respective shareholders, which enables us to (i) exercise effective control over our VIEs; (ii) receive substantially all of the economic benefits of our VIEs; and (iii) have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests and assets in our VIEs when and to the extent permitted by PRC laws and regulations. As a result of these contractual arrangements, we have

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control over and are the primary beneficiary of our VIEs and hence consolidate their operating results in our consolidated financial statements under IFRS. See “Corporate History and Structure” for details.

If the PRC government finds that our contractual arrangements do not comply with its restrictions on foreign investment in the value-added telecommunication services, or if the PRC government otherwise finds that we, our VIEs, or any of their respective subsidiaries are in violation of PRC laws or regulations or lack the necessary permits or licenses to operate our business, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities, including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State Administration of Radio and Television and the Ministry of Commerce, would have broad discretion in dealing with such violations or failures, including:

• revoking the business licenses and/or operating licenses of such entities;

• discontinuing or placing restrictions or onerous conditions on our operation through any transactions between our PRC subsidiaries and our VIEs;

• imposing fines, confiscating the income from our PRC subsidiaries or our VIEs, or imposing other requirements with which we or our VIEs may not be able to comply;

• requiring us to restructure our ownership structure or operations, including terminating the contractual arrangements with our VIEs and deregistering the equity pledges of our VIEs, which in turn would affect our ability to consolidate, derive economic interests from, or exert effective control over our VIEs; or

• restricting or prohibiting our use of the proceeds of this offering to finance our business and operations in China.

Any of these events could cause significant disruption to our business operations and severely damage our reputation, which would in turn materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. If occurrences of any of these events results in our inability to direct the activities of our VIEs that most significantly impact their economic performance and/or our failure to receive the economic benefits of our VIEs, we may not be able to consolidate their operating results in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS.

Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the enactment timetable, interpretation and implementation of draft PRC Foreign Investment Law and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations.

On January 19, 2015, the Ministry of Commerce published a discussion draft of the proposed Foreign Investment Law aiming to, upon its enactment, replace the three existing laws regulating foreign investment in China, namely, the Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law, the Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law and the Wholly Foreign-invested Enterprise Law, together with their implementation rules and ancillary regulations. At the same time, the Ministry of Commerce published an accompanying explanatory note of the draft Foreign Investment Law, which contains important information about the draft Foreign Investment Law, including its drafting philosophy and principles, main table of contents, plans to transition to the new legal regime and treatment of business in China controlled by foreign invested enterprises. The draft Foreign Investment Law proposes an expected PRC regulatory trend to rationalize its foreign investment regulatory regime in line with prevailing international practice and the legislative efforts to unify the corporate legal requirements for both foreign and domestic investments and, when implemented, may have a significant impact on businesses in China controlled by foreign-invested enterprises primarily through contractual arrangements, such as our business. Among other things, the draft Foreign Investment Law expands the definition of foreign investment and introduces the principle of “actual control” in determining whether a company is considered a foreign-invested enterprise. Under the draft Foreign Investment Law, variable interest entities would also be deemed as foreign-invested enterprises, if they are ultimately “controlled” by foreign investors, and be subject to restrictions on foreign investments. The Ministry of Commerce solicited comments

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on the draft Foreign Investment Law in 2015, but no new draft has been published since then. There is substantial uncertainty with respect to its final content, interpretation, adoption timeline and effective date, and we cannot predict how it may affect our company, our corporate structure or our corporate governance in the future if it is adopted.

We rely on contractual arrangements with our VIEs and their respective shareholders for a large portion of our business operations, which may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control.

We have relied and expect to continue to rely on contractual arrangements with Guangzhou Kugou, Beijing Kuwo, Shenzhen Ultimate Music and Xizang Qiming, their respective shareholders, as well as certain of their respective subsidiaries to operate our business in China. These contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control over our VIEs. For example, our VIEs and their respective shareholders could breach their contractual arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to conduct their operations in an acceptable manner or taking other actions that are detrimental to our interests. The revenues contributed by our VIEs and their subsidiaries constituted substantially all of our revenues in 2016 and 2017 and the first half of 2018.

If we had direct ownership of our VIEs, we would be able to exercise our rights as a shareholder to effect changes in the board of directors of our VIEs, which in turn could implement changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations, at the management and operational level. However, under the current contractual arrangements, we rely on the performance by our VIEs and their respective shareholders of their respective obligations under the contracts to exercise control over our VIEs. The shareholders of our VIEs may not act in the best interests of our company or may not perform their obligations under these contracts. Such risks exist throughout the period in which we intend to operate certain portion of our business through the contractual arrangements with our VIEs and their respective shareholders. If any dispute relating to these contracts remains unresolved, we will have to enforce our rights under these contracts through the operations of PRC law and arbitration, litigation or other legal proceedings and therefore will be subject to uncertainties in the PRC legal system. See “—Any failure by our VIEs or their respective shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material and adverse effect on our business.” Therefore, our contractual arrangements with our VIEs and their respective shareholders may not be as effective in controlling our business operations as direct ownership.

Any failure by our VIEs or their respective shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material and adverse effect on our business.

If our VIEs or their respective shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we could be limited in our ability to enforce the contractual arrangements that give us effective control over our business operations in the PRC and may have to incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. We may also have to rely on legal remedies under PRC law, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and claiming damages, which we cannot assure will be effective under PRC law. For example, if the shareholders of our VIEs refuse to transfer their equity interest in our VIEs to our PRC subsidiaries or their designee after we exercise the purchase option pursuant to these contractual arrangements, or if they otherwise act in bad faith or otherwise fail to fulfill their contractual obligations, we may have to take legal actions to compel them to perform their contractual obligations. In addition, if any third parties claim any interest in such shareholders’ equity interests in our VIEs, our ability to exercise shareholders’ rights or foreclose the share pledges according to the contractual arrangements may be impaired. If these or other disputes between the shareholders of our VIEs and third parties were to impair our control over our VIEs, we may not be able to maintain effective control over our business operations in the PRC and thus would not be able to continue to consolidate our VIEs’ financial results, which would in turn result in a material adverse effect on our business, operations and financial condition.

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All the agreements under our contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in China. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law, and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures.

All the agreements under our contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in China. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal system in the PRC is not as developed as in some other jurisdictions, such as the United States. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. Meanwhile, there are very few precedents and little formal guidance as to how contractual arrangements in the context of a VIE should be interpreted or enforced under PRC law. There remain significant uncertainties regarding the ultimate outcome of such arbitration should legal action become necessary. In addition, under PRC law, rulings by arbitrators are final, parties cannot appeal the arbitration results in courts, and if the losing parties fail to carry out the arbitration awards within a prescribed time limit, the prevailing parties may only enforce the arbitration awards in PRC courts through arbitration award recognition proceedings, which would require additional expenses and delay. In the event we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, or if we suffer significant delay or other obstacles in the process of enforcing these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over our VIEs, and our ability to conduct our business may be negatively affected. See “—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could materially and adversely affect us.”

Contractual arrangements in relation to our VIEs may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities and they may determine that we or our VIEs owe additional taxes, which could negatively affect our financial condition and the value of your investment.

Under applicable PRC laws and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities within ten years after the taxable year when the transactions are conducted. We could face material and adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine that the contractual arrangements between us and our VIEs were not entered into on an arm’s-length basis in such a way as to result in an impermissible reduction in taxes under applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, and adjust the income of our VIEs in the form of a transfer pricing adjustment. A transfer pricing adjustment could, among other things, result in a reduction of expense deductions recorded by our VIEs for PRC tax purposes, which could in turn increase its tax liabilities without reducing our PRC subsidiary’s tax expenses. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may impose late payment fees and other penalties on our VIEs for the adjusted but unpaid taxes according to the applicable regulations. Our financial position could be materially and adversely affected if our VIEs’ tax liabilities increase or if it is required to pay late payment fees and other penalties.

The shareholders of our VIEs may have actual or potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.

The shareholders of our VIEs may have actual or potential conflicts of interest with us. These shareholders may breach, or cause our VIEs to breach, or refuse to renew, the existing contractual arrangements we have with them and our VIEs, which would have a material and adverse effect on our ability to effectively control our VIEs and receive economic benefits from them. For example, the shareholders may be able to cause our agreements with our VIEs to be performed in a manner adverse to us by, among other things, failing to remit payments due under the contractual arrangements to us on a timely basis. We cannot assure you that when conflicts of interest arise any or all of these shareholders will act in the best interests of our company or such conflicts will be resolved in our favor. Currently, we do not have any arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest between these shareholders and our company. If we cannot resolve any conflict of interest or dispute between us and these shareholders, we would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could result in disruption of our business and subject us to substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.

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We may lose the ability to use, or otherwise benefit from, the licenses, permits and assets held by our VIEs.

As part of our contractual arrangements with our VIEs, our VIEs hold certain assets, licenses and permits that are material to our business operations, including the Value-added Telecommunications Business Operation License, the Audio and Video Service Permission and the Online Culture Operating Permit. The contractual arrangements contain terms that specifically obligate our VIEs’ shareholders to ensure the valid existence of the VIEs and restrict the disposal of material assets of the VIEs. However, in the event the VIEs’ shareholders breach the terms of these contractual arrangements and voluntarily liquidate any of our VIEs, or any of our VIEs declares bankruptcy and all or part of its assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, or are otherwise disposed of or encumbered without our consent, we may be unable to conduct some or all of our business operations or otherwise benefit from the assets held by the VIEs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, under the contractual arrangements, our VIEs may not, in any manner, sell, transfer, mortgage or dispose of their material assets or legal or beneficial interests in the business without our prior consent. If any of our VIEs undergoes a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, its shareholders or unrelated third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of the assets of the VIEs, thereby hindering our ability to operate our business as well as constrain our growth.

Risks Related to Doing Business in China

A severe or prolonged downturn in the PRC or global economy could materially and adversely affect our business and our financial condition.

The global macroeconomic environment is facing challenges. There is considerable uncertainty over the long-term effects of the expansionary monetary and fiscal policies adopted by the central banks and financial authorities of some of the world’s leading economies, including the United States and China. There have been concerns over unrest and terrorist threats in the Middle East, Europe and Africa and over the conflicts involving Ukraine, Syria and North Korea. There have also been concerns on the relationship among China and other Asian countries, which may result in or intensify potential conflicts in relation to territorial disputes, and the possibility of a trade war between the United States and China. It is unclear whether these challenges and uncertainties will be contained or resolved, and what effects they may have on the global political and economic conditions in the long term.

Economic conditions in China are sensitive to global economic conditions, changes in domestic economic and political policies and the expected or perceived overall economic growth rate in China. While the economy in China has grown significantly over the past decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy, and the rate of growth has been slowing in recent years. Although growth of China’s economy remained relatively stable, there is a possibility that China’s economic growth may materially decline in the near future. Any severe or prolonged slowdown in the global or PRC economy may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could materially and adversely affect us.

The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions under the civil law system may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.

In 1979, the PRC government began to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws and regulations governing economic matters in general. The overall effect of legislation over the past three decades has significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system, and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economic activities in China. In particular, the PRC legal system is based on written statutes and prior court decisions have limited value as precedents. Since these laws and regulations are relatively new and the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many laws,

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regulations and rules may not be uniform and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involves uncertainties. These uncertainties may affect our judgment on the relevance of legal requirements and our ability to enforce our contractual rights or tort claims. In addition, the regulatory uncertainties may be exploited through unmerited or frivolous legal actions or threats in attempts to extract payments or benefits from us. Furthermore, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all and may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of any of these policies and rules until sometime after the violation. In addition, any administrative and court proceedings in China may be protracted, resulting in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.

In particular, PRC laws and regulations concerning the online music entertainment industry are developing and evolving. Although we have taken measures to comply with the laws and regulations that are applicable to our business operations and avoid conducting any non-compliant activities under the applicable laws and regulations, the PRC governmental authorities may promulgate new laws and regulations regulating the online music industry in the future. We cannot assure you that our practice would not be deemed to violate any new PRC laws or regulations relating to online music streaming. Moreover, developments in the online music entertainment industry may lead to changes in PRC laws, regulations and policies or in the interpretation and application of existing laws, regulations and policies that may limit or restrict online reading marketplaces like us, which could materially and adversely affect our business and operations.

The custodians or authorized users of our controlling non-tangible assets, including chops and seals, may fail to fulfill their responsibilities, or misappropriate or misuse these assets.

Under the PRC law, legal documents for corporate transactions, including agreements and contracts are executed using the chop or seal of the signing entity or with the signature of a legal representative whose designation is registered and filed with relevant PRC industry and commerce authorities.

In order to secure the use of our chops and seals, we have established internal control procedures and rules for using these chops and seals. In any event that the chops and seals are intended to be used, the responsible personnel will submit the application through our office automation system and the application will be verified and approved by authorized employees in accordance with our internal control procedures and rules. In addition, in order to maintain the physical security of our chops, we generally have them stored in secured locations accessible only to authorized employees. Although we monitor such authorized employees, the procedures may not be sufficient to prevent all instances of abuse or negligence. There is a risk that our employees could abuse their authority, for example, by entering into a contract not approved by us or seeking to gain control of one of our subsidiaries or consolidated VIEs. If any employee obtains, misuses or misappropriates our chops and seals or other controlling non-tangible assets for whatever reason, we could experience disruption to our normal business operations. We may have to take corporate or legal action, which could involve significant time and resources to resolve and divert management from our operations.

Our operations depend on the performance of the internet infrastructure and telecommunications networks in China, which are in large part operated and maintained by state-owned operators.

The successful operation of our business depends on the performance of the internet infrastructure and telecommunications networks in China. Almost all access to the internet is maintained through state-owned telecommunications operators under the administrative control and regulatory supervision of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. We have limited access to alternative networks or services in the event of disruptions, failures or other problems with China’s internet infrastructure or the telecommunications networks provided by telecommunications service providers. Internet traffic in China has experienced significant growth during the past few years. Effective bandwidth and server storage at internet data centers in large cities such as Beijing are scarce. Our platform regularly serve a large number of users. With the expansion of our business, we may be required to upgrade our technology and infrastructure to keep up with the increasing traffic on our

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platform. We cannot assure you that the internet infrastructure and telecommunications networks in China will be able to support the demands associated with the continued growth in internet usage. If we were unable to increase our online content and service delivering capacity accordingly, we may not be able to continuously grow our internet traffic and the adoption of our products and services may be hindered, which could adversely impact our business and our share price.

In addition, we generally have no control over the costs of the services provided by telecommunications service providers. If the prices we pay for telecommunications and internet services rise significantly, our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. If internet access fees or other charges to internet users increase, our user traffic may decline and our business may be harmed.

Changes in China’s economic, political and social conditions as well as government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business and prospect.

Substantially all of our operations are located in China. Accordingly, our business, prospect, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced to a significant degree by political, economic and social conditions in China generally, and by continued economic growth in China as a whole. The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the amount of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Although the Chinese government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the government. In addition, the Chinese government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The Chinese government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.

While the Chinese economy has experienced significant growth over the past decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. Any adverse changes in economic conditions in China, in the policies of the Chinese government or in the laws and regulations in China could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China. Such developments could adversely affect our business and operating results, lead to a reduction in demand for our services and adversely affect our competitive position. The Chinese government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may have a negative effect on us. For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations. In addition, in the past the Chinese government has implemented certain measures, including interest rate adjustment, to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activity in China. Any prolonged slowdown in the Chinese economy may reduce the demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.

Certain judgments obtained against us by our shareholders may not be enforceable.

We are a Cayman Islands company and substantially all of our current operations are conducted in China. In addition, most of our current directors and officers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the United States in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands and of China may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers. For more information regarding the relevant laws of the Cayman Islands and China, see “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities.”

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Regulation and censorship of information disseminated over the internet in China may adversely affect our business and reputation and subject us to liability for information displayed on our website.

The PRC government has adopted regulations governing internet access and the distribution of news and other information over the internet. Under these regulations, internet content providers and internet publishers are prohibited from posting or displaying over the internet content that, among other things, violates PRC laws and regulations, impairs the national dignity of China, or is reactionary, obscene, superstitious, fraudulent or defamatory. Failure to comply with these requirements may result in the revocation of licenses to provide internet content and other licenses, and the closure of the concerned websites. The website operator may also be held liable for such censored information displayed on or linked to the websites. If our website is found to be in violation of any such requirements, we may be penalized by relevant authorities, and our operations or reputation could be adversely affected.

We may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make payments to us and any tax we are required to pay could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.

We are a Cayman Islands holding company and, other than external financing, we rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity from our PRC subsidiaries for our cash requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders and for services of any debt we may incur. Our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends is based upon their distributable earnings. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to their respective shareholders only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our PRC subsidiaries, our VIEs and its subsidiaries is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Each of our PRC subsidiaries is also required to further set aside a portion of its after-tax profits to fund the employee welfare fund, although the amount to be set aside, if any, is determined at its discretion. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. If our PRC subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to distribute dividends or other payments to their respective shareholders could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our businesses, pay dividends or otherwise fund and conduct our business.

In addition, the Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules provide that a withholding tax rate of up to 10% will be applicable to dividends payable by Chinese companies to non-PRC resident enterprises unless otherwise exempted or reduced according to treaties or arrangements between the PRC central government and governments of other countries or regions where the non-PRC resident enterprises are incorporated.

In response to the persistent capital outflow and the RMB’s depreciation against the U.S. dollar in the fourth quarter of 2016, the People’s Bank of China and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, have implemented a series of capital control measures in the subsequent months, including stricter vetting procedures for China-based companies to remit foreign currency for overseas acquisitions, dividend payments and shareholder loan repayments. For instance, the People’s Bank of China issued the Circular on Further Clarification of Relevant Matters Relating to Offshore RMB Loans Provided by Domestic Enterprises, or PBOC Circular 306, on November 22, 2016, which provides that offshore RMB loans provided by a domestic enterprise to offshore enterprises that it holds equity interests in shall not exceed 30% of the domestic enterprise’s ownership interest in the offshore enterprise. PBOC Circular 306 may constrain our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to provide offshore loans to us. The PRC government may continue to strengthen its capital controls and our PRC subsidiaries’ dividends and other distributions may be subjected to tighter scrutiny in the future. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to us could materially and

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adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business. See also “— If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders or ADS holders.”

Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the PRC and related regulations, dividends, interests, rent or royalties payable by a foreign-invested enterprise, such as our PRC subsidiaries, to any of its foreign non-resident enterprise investors, and proceeds from any such foreign enterprise investor’s disposition of assets (after deducting the net value of such assets) are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless the foreign enterprise investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a reduced rate of withholding tax.

PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of this offering to make loans to or make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

Any transfer of funds by us to our PRC subsidiaries, either as a shareholder loan or as an increase in registered capital, are subject to approval by or registration or filing with relevant governmental authorities in China. According to the relevant PRC regulations on foreign-invested enterprises in China, capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries are subject to the approval of or filing with the Ministry of Commerce in its local branches and registration with a local bank authorized by SAFE. In addition, (i) any foreign loan procured by our PRC subsidiaries is required to be registered with SAFE or its local branches or filed with SAFE in its information system; and (ii) our PRC subsidiaries may not procure loans which exceed the difference between its total investment amount and registered capital or, as an alternative, only procure loans subject to the calculation approach and limitation as provided in PBOC Notice No. 9. Any medium or long-term loan to be provided by us to our VIEs must be registered with the National Development and Reform Commission and SAFE or its local branches. We may not be able to obtain these government approvals or complete such registrations on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future capital contributions or foreign loans by us to our PRC subsidiaries. If we fail to receive such approvals or complete such registration or filing, our ability to use the proceeds of this offering and to capitalize our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business. There is, in effect, no statutory limit on the amount of capital contribution that we can make to our PRC subsidiaries. This is because there is no statutory limit on the amount of registered capital for our PRC subsidiaries, and we are allowed to make capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries by subscribing for their initial registered capital and increased registered capital, provided that the PRC subsidiaries completes the relevant filing and registration procedures. With respect to loans to the PRC subsidiaries by us, (i) if the relevant PRC subsidiaries adopt the traditional foreign exchange administration mechanism, or the Current Foreign Debt Mechanism, the outstanding amount of the loans shall not exceed the difference between the total investment and the registered capital of the PRC subsidiaries; and (ii) if the relevant PRC subsidiaries adopt the foreign exchange administration mechanism as provided in Notice of the People’s Bank of China on Matters concerning the Macro-Prudential Management of Full-Covered Cross-Border Financing, or the PBOC Notice No. 9, the risk-weighted outstanding amount of the loans, which shall be calculated based on the formula provided in PBOC Notice No. 9, shall not exceed 200% of the net asset of the relevant PRC subsidiary. For example, the maximum amount of the loans that Yeelion Online, one of our PRC subsidiaries, may acquire from outside China is (i) US$10 million, under the total investment minus registered capital approach, which is calculated based on its total investment of US$30 million and registered capital of US$20 million as of June 30, 2018; and (ii) RMB1,040 million (US$157 million), under the net asset approach, calculated based on its net asset of RMB520 million (US$79 million) as of June 30, 2018 pursuant to PRC GAAP. According to the PBOC Notice No. 9, after a transition period of one year since the promulgation of PBOC Notice No. 9, the People’s Bank of China and SAFE will determine the cross-border financing administration mechanism for the foreign-invested enterprises after evaluating the overall implementation of PBOC Notice No. 9. As of the date hereof, neither the People’s Bank of China nor SAFE has promulgated and

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made public any further rules, regulations, notices or circulars in this regard. It is uncertain which mechanism will be adopted by the People’s Bank of China and SAFE in the future and what statutory limits will be imposed on us when providing loans to our PRC subsidiaries. Currently, our PRC subsidiaries have the flexibility to choose between the Current Foreign Debt Mechanism and the Notice No. 9 Foreign Debt Mechanism. However, if a more stringent foreign debt mechanism becomes mandatory, our ability to provide loans to our PRC subsidiaries or our consolidated affiliated entities may be significantly limited, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Circular on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital of Foreign-Invested Enterprises, or SAFE Circular 19, effective as of June 1, 2015, as amended by Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement under the Capital Account, or SAFE Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, allows FIEs to settle their foreign exchange capital at their discretion, but continues to prohibit FIEs from using the Renminbi fund converted from their foreign exchange capitals for expenditure beyond their business scopes, and also prohibit FIEs from using such Renminbi fund to provide loans to persons other than affiliates unless otherwise permitted under its business scope. As a result, we are required to apply Renminbi funds converted from the net proceeds we received from this offering within the business scopes of our PRC subsidiaries. SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to use Renminbi converted from the net proceeds of this offering to fund the establishment of new entities in China by our VIEs or their respective subsidiaries, to invest in or acquire any other PRC companies through our PRC subsidiaries, or to establish new consolidated VIEs in China, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Fluctuations in exchange rates could have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment.

The value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions in China and by China’s foreign exchange policies. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decade-old policy of pegging the value of the Renminbi to the U.S. dollar, and the Renminbi appreciated more than 20% against the U.S. dollar over the following three years. Between July 2008 and June 2010, this appreciation halted and the exchange rate between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar remained within a narrow band. Since June 2010, the Renminbi has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly and unpredictably. On November 30, 2015, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) completed the regular five-year review of the basket of currencies that make up the Special Drawing Right, or the SDR, and decided that with effect from October 1, 2016, Renminbi is determined to be a freely usable currency and will be included in the SDR basket as a fifth currency, along with the U.S. dollar, the Euro, the Japanese yen and the British pound. In the fourth quarter of 2016, the Renminbi has depreciated significantly in the backdrop of a surging U.S. dollar and persistent capital outflows of China. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progress towards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate system and we cannot assure you that the Renminbi will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar in the future.

Significant revaluation of the Renminbi may have a material and adverse effect on your investment. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from this offering into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount we would receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert our Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or ADSs or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.

Very limited hedging options are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency

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exchange risk. While we may decide to enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these hedges may be limited and we may not be able to adequately hedge our exposure or at all. In addition, our currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert Renminbi into foreign currency.

Foreign exchange controls may limit our ability to utilize our revenues effectively and affect the value of your investment.

The PRC government imposes foreign exchange controls on the convertibility of the Renminbi, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. We receive substantially all of our revenues in Renminbi. Under our current corporate structure, our Cayman Islands holding company primarily relies on dividend payments from our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval of SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. Specifically, under the existing exchange restrictions, without prior approval of SAFE, cash generated from the operations of our PRC subsidiaries in China may be used to pay dividends to our company. However, approval from or registration with appropriate government authorities is required where Renminbi is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, we need to obtain SAFE approval or registration to use cash generated from the operations of our PRC subsidiaries and VIE to pay off their respective debt in a currency other than Renminbi owed to entities outside China, or to make other capital expenditure payments outside China in a currency other than Renminbi. The PRC government may at its discretion restrict access to foreign currencies for current account transactions in the future. If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currencies to satisfy our foreign currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders and holders of the ADSs.

The M&A Rules and certain other PRC regulations establish complex procedures for some acquisitions of Chinese companies by foreign investors, which could make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions in China.

The Rules on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies in 2006 and amended in 2009, and some other regulations and rules concerning mergers and acquisitions established additional procedures and requirements that could make merger and acquisition activities by foreign investors more time consuming and complex, including requirements in some instances that the Ministry of Commerce be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise. Moreover, the Anti-Monopoly Law of the PRC requires that the Ministry of Commerce be notified in advance of any transaction where the parties’ turnover in the China market and/or global market exceed certain thresholds and the buyer would obtain control of, or decisive influence over, the target as a result of the business combination. As further clarified by the Provisions of the State Council on the Threshold of Filings for Undertaking Concentrations issued by the State Council in 2008, such thresholds include: (i) the total global turnover of all operators participating in the transaction exceeds RMB10 billion in the preceding fiscal year and at least two of these operators each had a turnover of more than RMB400 million within China in the preceding fiscal year, or (ii) the total turnover within China of all the operators participating in the transaction exceeded RMB2 billion in the preceding fiscal year, and at least two of these operators each had a turnover of more than RMB400 million within China in the preceding fiscal year. There are numerous factors the Ministry of Commerce considers in determining “control” or “decisive influence,” and, depending on certain criteria, the Ministry of Commerce may conduct anti-monopoly review of transactions in respect of which it was notified. In light of the uncertainties relating to the interpretation, implementation and enforcement of the Anti-Monopoly Law of the PRC, we cannot assure you that the Ministry of Commerce will not deem our past and future acquisitions or investments to have triggered filing requirement for anti-trust review. If we are found to have violated the Anti-Monopoly Law of the PRC for

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failing to file the notification of concentration and request for review, we could be subject to a fine of up to RMB500,000, and the parts of the transaction causing the prohibited concentration could be ordered to be unwound, which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, the Circular of the General Office of the State Council on the Establishment of Security Review System for the Merger and Acquisition of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors that became effective in March 2011, and the Rules on Implementation of Security Review System for the Merger and Acquisition of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors issued by the Ministry of Commerce that became effective in September 2011 specify that mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors that raise “national defense and security” concerns and mergers and acquisitions through which foreign investors may acquire de facto control over domestic enterprises that raise “national security” concerns are subject to strict review by the Ministry of Commerce, and the rules prohibit any activities attempting to bypass a security review, including by structuring the transaction through a proxy or contractual control arrangement. In the future, we may grow our business by acquiring complementary businesses. Complying with the requirements of the above-mentioned regulations and other relevant rules to complete such transactions could be time consuming, and any required approval processes, including obtaining approval from the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share.

PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiaries to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits to us, or may otherwise adversely affect us.

SAFE promulgated the Circular on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration over the Overseas Investment and Financing and Round-trip Investment by Domestic Residents via Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, in July 2014. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents or entities to register with SAFE or its local branches in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entity established for the purpose of overseas investment or financing with such PRC residents or entities’ legally owned assets or equity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests. In addition, such PRC residents or entities must update their SAFE registrations when the offshore special purpose vehicle undergoes material events relating to any change of basic information (including change of such PRC citizens or residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, or mergers or divisions. According to the Circular of Further Simplifying and Improving the Policies of Foreign Exchange Administration Applicable to Direct Investment released in February 2015 by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration for overseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 2015. See “PRC Regulation—Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Offshore Investment by PRC Residents.”

If our shareholders who are PRC residents or entities do not complete their registration with the local SAFE branches, our PRC subsidiaries may be prohibited from distributing their profits and proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation to us, and we may be restricted in our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries. Moreover, failure to comply with the SAFE registration described above could result in liability under PRC laws for evasion of applicable foreign exchange restrictions.

We have notified all PRC residents or entities who directly or indirectly hold shares in our Cayman Islands holding company and who are known to us as being PRC residents to complete the foreign exchange registrations. However, we may not be informed of the identities of all the PRC residents or entities holding direct or indirect interest in our company, nor can we compel our beneficial owners to comply with SAFE registration requirements. As a result, we cannot assure you that all of our shareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents or entities have complied with, and will in the future make, obtain or update any applicable registrations or approvals required by, SAFE regulations. Failure by such shareholders or beneficial owners to

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comply with SAFE regulations, or failure by us to amend the foreign exchange registrations of our PRC subsidiaries, could subject us to fines or legal sanctions, restrict our overseas or cross-border investment activities, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make distributions or pay dividends to us or affect our ownership structure, which could adversely affect our business and prospects.

Furthermore, as these foreign exchange regulations are still relatively new and their interpretation and implementation has been constantly evolving, it is unclear how these regulations, and any future regulation concerning offshore or cross-border transactions, will be interpreted, amended and implemented by the relevant government authorities. For example, we may be subject to a more stringent review and approval process with respect to our foreign exchange activities, such as remittance of dividends and foreign currency denominated borrowings, which may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if we decide to acquire a PRC domestic company, we cannot assure you that we or the owners of such company, as the case may be, will be able to obtain the necessary approvals or complete the necessary filings and registrations required by the foreign exchange regulations. This may restrict our ability to implement our acquisition strategy and could adversely affect our business and prospects.

Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding the registration requirements for employee stock incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.

Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas non-publicly-listed companies may submit applications to SAFE or its local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In the meantime, our directors, executive officers and other employees who are PRC citizens or who are non-PRC residents residing in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, and who have been granted share-based awards by us, may follow the Circular of the SAFE on Issues Concerning the Administration of Foreign Exchange Used for Domestic Individuals’ Participation in Equity Incentive Plan of Overseas Listed Companies, promulgated by SAFE in 2012. Pursuant to the circular, PRC citizens and non-PRC citizens who reside in China for a continuous period of not less than one year who participate in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company, subject to a few exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which could be the PRC subsidiaries of such overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. In addition, an overseas entrusted institution must be retained to handle matters in connection with the exercise or sale of stock options and the purchase or sale of shares and interests. We, our directors, our executive officers and other employees who are PRC citizens or who reside in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year and who have been granted share-based awards will be subject to these regulations when our company becomes an overseas listed company upon the completion of this offering. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines, and legal sanctions and may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties that could restrict our ability to adopt additional incentive plans for our directors, executive officers and employees under PRC law. See “Regulation—Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Offshore Investment by PRC Residents—Employee Stock Incentive Plan.”

The State Administration of Taxation has issued certain circulars concerning employee share options and restricted shares. Under these circulars, our employees working in China who exercise share options or are granted restricted shares will be subject to PRC individual income tax. Our PRC subsidiaries have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authorities and to withhold individual income taxes of those employees who exercise their share options. If our employees fail to pay or we fail to withhold their income taxes according to relevant laws and regulations, we may face sanctions imposed by the tax authorities or other PRC governmental authorities. See “Regulation—Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Offshore Investment by PRC Residents—Employee Stock Incentive Plan.”

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Our business may be negatively affected by the potential obligations to make additional social insurance and housing fund contributions.

We are required by PRC laws and regulations to pay various statutory employee benefits, including pensions, housing fund, medical insurance, work-related injury insurance, unemployment insurance and maternity insurance to designated government agencies for the benefit of our employees. The relevant government agencies may examine whether an employer has made adequate payments of the requisite statutory employee benefits, and employers who fail to make adequate payments may be subject to late payment fees, fines and/or other penalties. Certain of our PRC subsidiaries have historically failed to promptly make social insurance and housing fund contributions in full for their employees. In addition, certain of our PRC subsidiaries engage third-party human resources agencies to make social insurance and housing fund contributions for some of their employees, and there is no assurance that such third-party agencies will make such contributions in full in a timely manner, or at all. If the relevant PRC authorities determine that we shall make supplemental social insurance and housing fund contributions or that we are subject to fines and legal sanctions in relation to our failure to make social insurance and housing fund contributions in full for our employees, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

We may be classified as a “PRC resident enterprise” for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, which could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders and ADS holders and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment.

Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the PRC and its implementation rules, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with a “de facto management body” within the PRC is considered a “resident enterprise” and will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax on its global income at the rate of 25%. The implementation rules define the term “de facto management body” as the body that exercises full and substantial control over and overall management of the business, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. In April 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued a circular, known as SAT Circular 82, which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a PRC-controlled enterprise that is incorporated offshore is located in China. Although this circular only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups, not those controlled by PRC individuals or foreigners like us, the criteria set forth in the circular may reflect the State Administration of Taxation’s general position on how the “de facto management body” test should be applied in determining the tax resident status of all offshore enterprises. According to SAT Circular 82, an offshore incorporated enterprise controlled by a PRC enterprise or a PRC enterprise group will be regarded as a PRC tax resident by virtue of having its “de facto management body” in China and will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax on its global income only if all of the following conditions are met: (i) the primary location of the day-to-day operational management is in the PRC; (ii) decisions relating to the enterprise’s financial and human resource matters are made or are subject to approval by organizations or personnel in the PRC; (iii) the enterprise’s primary assets, accounting books and records, company seals, and board and shareholder resolutions, are located or maintained in the PRC; and (iv) at least 50% of voting board members or senior executives habitually reside in the PRC.

We believe none of our entities outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body.” As a majority of our management members are based in China, it remains unclear how the tax residency rule will apply to our case. If the PRC tax authorities determine that our company or any of our subsidiaries outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, we may be subject to PRC enterprise income on our worldwide income at the rate of 25%, which could materially reduce our net income. In addition, we will also be subject to PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. Furthermore, we may be required to withhold a 10% withholding tax from dividends we pay to our shareholders that are non-resident enterprises, including the holders of the ADSs. In addition, non-resident enterprise shareholders (including the ADS holders) may be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 10% on gains realized on the sale or other disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares,

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if such income is treated as sourced from within the PRC. Furthermore, if we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends paid to our non-PRC individual shareholders (including the ADS holders) and any gain realized on the transfer of ADSs or ordinary shares by such shareholders may be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 20% (which, in the case of dividends, may be withheld at source by us), if such gains are deemed to be from PRC sources. These rates may be reduced by an applicable tax treaty, but it is unclear whether non-PRC shareholders of our company would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and the PRC in the event that we are treated as a PRC resident enterprise. Any such tax may reduce the returns on your investment in the ADSs or ordinary shares.

We face uncertainty with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises by their non-PRC holding companies.

On February 3, 2015, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Circular on Issues of Enterprise Income Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises, or SAT Circular 7. SAT Circular 7 extends its tax jurisdiction to transactions involving the transfer of taxable assets through offshore transfer of a foreign intermediate holding company. In addition, SAT Circular 7 has introduced safe harbors for internal group restructurings and the purchase and sale of equity through a public securities market. SAT Circular 7 also brings challenges to both foreign transferor and transferee (or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer) of taxable assets.

On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Circular on Issues of Tax Withholding regarding Non-PRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax at Source, or SAT Circular 37, which came into effect on December 1, 2017. SAT Circular 37 further clarifies the practice and procedure of the withholding of nonresident enterprise income tax.

Where a nonresident enterprise transfers taxable assets indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, which is known as an indirect transfer, the nonresident enterprise as either transferor or transferee, or the PRC entity that directly owns the taxable assets, may report such indirect transfer to the relevant tax authority. Using a “substance over form” principle, the PRC tax authority may disregard the existence of the overseas holding company if it lacks a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of reducing, avoiding or deferring PRC tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax, and the transferee or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer is obligated to withhold the applicable taxes, currently at a rate of 10% for the transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise. Both the transferor and the transferee may be subject to penalties under PRC tax laws if the transferee fails to withhold the taxes and the transferor fails to pay the taxes.

We face uncertainties as to the reporting and other implications of certain past and future transactions where PRC taxable assets are involved, such as offshore restructuring, sale of the shares in our offshore subsidiaries and investments. Our company may be subject to filing obligations or taxed if our company is transferor in such transactions, and may be subject to withholding obligations if our company is transferee in such transactions, under SAT Circular 7 or SAT Circular 37. For transfer of shares in our company by investors who are non-PRC resident enterprises, our PRC subsidiaries may be requested to assist in the filing under SAT Circular 7 or SAT Circular 37. As a result, we may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with SAT Circular 7 or SAT Circular 37 or to request the relevant transferors from whom we purchase taxable assets to comply with these circulars, or to establish that our company should not be taxed under these circulars, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

The audit report included in this prospectus is prepared by an auditor who is not inspected by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and, as such, you are deprived of the benefits of such inspection.

Our independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit reports included in this prospectus filed with the SEC, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered

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with the U.S. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, is required by the laws of the United States to undergo regular inspections by the PCAOB to assess its compliance with the laws of the United States and professional standards. Since our auditors are located in China, a jurisdiction where the PCAOB is currently unable to conduct inspections without the approval of the Chinese authorities, our auditors are not currently inspected by the PCAOB.

Inspections of other firms that the PCAOB has conducted outside of China have identified deficiencies in those firms’ audit procedures and quality control procedures, which may be addressed as part of the inspection process to improve future audit quality. The lack of PCAOB inspections in China prevents the PCAOB from regularly evaluating our auditor’ audits and its quality control procedures. As a result, investors may be deprived of the benefits of PCAOB inspections.

The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China makes it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of our auditors’ audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors outside of China that are subject to PCAOB inspections. Investors may lose confidence in our reported financial information and procedures and the quality of our financial statements.

Proceedings instituted by the SEC against Chinese affiliates of the “big four” accounting firms, including our independent registered public accounting firm, could result in financial statements being determined to not be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act.

Starting in 2011 the Chinese affiliates of the “big four” accounting firms, including our independent registered public accounting firm, were affected by a conflict between U.S. and Chinese law. Specifically, for certain U.S.-listed companies operating and audited in mainland China, the SEC and the PCAOB sought to obtain from the Chinese firms access to their audit work papers and related documents. The firms were, however, advised and directed that under Chinese law, they could not respond directly to the U.S. regulators on those requests, and that requests by foreign regulators for access to such papers in China had to be channeled through the CSRC.

In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of its Rules of Practice and also under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 against five Chinese-based accounting firms, including our independent registered public accounting firm, alleging that these firms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ work papers related to their audits of certain China-based companies that are publicly traded in the U.S. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, censuring these accounting firms and suspending four of the five firms from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. Four of these China-based accounting firms appealed to the SEC against this decision and, on February 6, 2015, each of the four China-based accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay a fine to the SEC to settle the dispute and avoid suspension of their ability to practice before the SEC. The firms’ ability to continue to serve all their respective customers is not affected by the settlement. The settlement requires the firms to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms’ audit documents via the China Securities Regulatory Commission. If the firms do not follow these procedures, the SEC could impose penalties such as suspensions, or it could restart the administrative proceedings. The settlement did not require the firms to admit to any violation of law and preserves the firms’ legal defenses in the event the administrative proceeding is restarted.

In the event that the SEC restarts the administrative proceedings, depending upon the final outcome, listed companies in the United States with major PRC operations may find it difficult or impossible to retain auditors in respect of their operations in the PRC, which could result in financial statements being determined to not be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, including possible delisting. Moreover, any negative

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news about any such future proceedings against these audit firms may cause investor uncertainty regarding China-based, U.S.-listed companies, and the market price of our ordinary shares may be adversely affected.

If our independent registered public accounting firm was denied, even temporarily, the ability to practice before the SEC and we were unable to timely find another registered public accounting firm to audit and issue an opinion on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determined not to be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the delisting of the ADSs from the [New York Stock Exchange]/[NASDAQ Global Market] or deregistration from the SEC, or both, which would substantially reduce or effectively terminate the trading of the ADSs in the United States.

Risks Related to the ADSs and This Offering

An active trading market for our ordinary shares or the ADSs may not develop and the trading price for the ADSs may fluctuate significantly.

We [have applied] to list the ADSs on the [New York Stock Exchange]/[NASDAQ Global Market]. We have no current intention to seek a listing for our ordinary shares on any stock exchange. Prior to the completion of this offering, there has been no public market for the ADSs or our ordinary shares, and we cannot assure you that a liquid public market for the ADSs will develop. If an active public market for the ADSs does not develop following the completion of this offering, the market price and liquidity of the ADSs may be materially and adversely affected. The initial public offering price for the ADSs will be determined by negotiation between us and the underwriters based upon several factors, and we can provide no assurance that the trading price of the ADSs after this offering will not decline below the initial public offering price. As a result, investors in our securities may experience a significant decrease in the value of their ADSs.

The trading price of the ADSs is likely to be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors.

The trading price of the ADSs is likely to be volatile and could fluctuate widely due to multiple factors, some of which are beyond our control. This may happen because of broad market and industry factors, including the performance and fluctuation of the market prices of other companies with business operations located mainly in China that have listed their securities in the United States. In addition to market and industry factors, the price and trading volume for the ADSs may be highly volatile for factors specific to our own operations, including the following:

• variations in our revenues, operating costs and expenses, earnings and cash flow;

• announcements of new investments, acquisitions, strategic partnerships or joint ventures by us or our competitors;

• announcements of new products and services by us or our competitors;

• changes in financial estimates by securities analysts;

• detrimental adverse publicity about us, our shareholders, affiliates, directors, officers or employees, our content offerings, our business model, our services or our industry;

• announcements of new regulations, rules or policies relevant for our business;

• additions or departures of key personnel;

• release of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding equity securities or sales of additional equity securities; and

• potential litigation or regulatory investigations.

Any of these factors may result in large and sudden changes in the volume and price at which the ADSs will trade.

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In the past, shareholders of public companies have often brought securities class action suits against those companies following periods of instability in the market price of their securities. If we were involved in a class action suit, it could divert a significant amount of our management’s attention and other resources from our business and operations and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the suit, which could harm our results of operations. Any such class action suit, whether or not successful, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability to raise capital in the future. In addition, if a claim is successfully made against us, we may be required to pay significant damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Because our initial public offering price is substantially higher than our net tangible book value per share, you will experience immediate and substantial dilution.

If you purchase ADSs in this offering, you will pay more for the ADSs than the amount paid by our existing shareholders for their ordinary shares on a per ADS basis. As a result, you will experience immediate and substantial dilution of approximately US$                 per ADS. See “Dilution” for a more complete description of how the value of your investment in the ADSs will be diluted upon the completion of this offering.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they adversely change their recommendations regarding the ADSs, the market price for the ADSs and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for the ADSs will be influenced by research or reports that industry or securities analysts publish about our business. If one or more analysts who cover us downgrade the ADSs, the market price for the ADSs would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease to cover us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause the market price or trading volume for the ADSs to decline.

The sale or availability for sale of substantial amounts of the ADSs could adversely affect their market price.

Sales of substantial amounts of the ADSs in the public market after the completion of this offering, or the perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of the ADSs and could materially impair our ability to raise capital through equity offerings in the future. The ADSs sold in this offering will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, and shares held by our existing shareholders may also be sold in the public market in the future subject to the restrictions in Rule 144 and Rule 701 under the Securities Act and the applicable lock-up agreements. There will be                 ADSs (representing                  Class A ordinary shares) outstanding immediately after this offering, or                  ADSs (representing                  Class A ordinary shares) if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full. In connection with this offering, [we, our directors, executive officers and existing shareholders have agreed, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for Assured Entitlement Distribution), not to sell any ordinary shares or ADSs for 180 days after the date of this prospectus without the prior written consent of the representatives of the underwriters, subject to certain exceptions.] However, the underwriters may release these securities from these restrictions at any time, subject to applicable regulations of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. We cannot predict what effect, if any, market sales of securities held by our significant shareholders or any other shareholder or the availability of these securities for future sale will have on the market price of the ADSs. See “Underwriting” and “Shares Eligible for Future Sale” for a more detailed description of the restrictions on selling our securities after this offering.

Techniques employed by short sellers may drive down the market price of the ADSs.

Short selling is the practice of selling securities that the seller does not own but rather has borrowed from a third party with the intention of buying identical securities back at a later date to return to the lender. The short seller hopes to profit from a decline in the value of the securities between the sale of the borrowed securities and

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the purchase of the replacement shares, as the short seller expects to pay less in that purchase than it received in the sale. As it is in the short seller’s interest for the price of the security to decline, many short sellers publish, or arrange for the publication of, negative opinions and allegations regarding the relevant issuer and its business prospects in order to create negative market momentum and generate profits for themselves after selling a security short. These short attacks have, in the past, led to selling of shares in the market. If we were to become the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we could have to expend a significant amount of resources to investigate such allegations and/or defend ourselves. While we would strongly defend against any such short seller attacks, we may be constrained in the manner in which we can proceed against the relevant short seller by principles of freedom of speech, applicable state law or issues of commercial confidentiality.

Because we do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future after this offering, you must rely on a price appreciation of the ADSs for a return on your investment.

We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings after this offering to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Therefore, you should not rely on an investment in the ADSs as a source for any future dividend income.

Our board of directors has complete discretion as to whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain requirements of Cayman Islands law. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our directors. Under Cayman Islands law, a Cayman Islands company may pay a dividend out of either profit or share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if our board of directors decides to declare and pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Accordingly, the return on your investment in the ADSs will likely depend entirely upon any future price appreciation of the ADSs. There is no guarantee that the ADSs will appreciate in value after this offering or even maintain the price at which you purchased the ADSs. You may not realize a return on your investment in the ADSs and you may even lose your entire investment in the ADSs.

The approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under PRC law.

The M&A Rules purport to require offshore special purpose vehicles that are controlled by PRC companies or individuals and that have been formed for the purpose of seeking a public listing on an overseas stock exchange through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies or assets to obtain CSRC approval prior to publicly listing their securities on an overseas stock exchange. In September 2006, the CSRC published a notice on its official website specifying documents and materials required to be submitted to it by a special purpose vehicle seeking CSRC approval of its overseas listings. The interpretation and application of the regulations remain unclear, and this offering may ultimately require approval from the CSRC. If CSRC approval is required, it is uncertain whether it would be possible for us to obtain the approval, and any failure to obtain or delay in obtaining CSRC approval for this offering would subject us to sanctions imposed by the CSRC and other PRC regulatory agencies.

Han Kun Law Offices, our PRC legal counsel, has advised us that, based on its understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations, we will not be required to submit an application to the CSRC for the approval of the listing and trading of the ADSs on the [New York Stock Exchange]/[NASDAQ Global Market] because (i) the CSRC currently has not issued any definitive rule or interpretation concerning whether offerings like ours under this prospectus are subject to this regulation; (ii) we established the PRC subsidiaries that are wholly owned

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foreign enterprises by means of direct investment and not through a merger or acquisition of the equity or assets of a “PRC domestic company” as such term is defined under the M&A Rules; and (iii) no explicit provision in the M&A Rules classifies the contractual arrangements between us and the VIEs as a type of acquisition transaction falling under the M&A Rules.

However, our PRC legal counsel has further advised us that there remains some uncertainty as to how the M&A Rules will be interpreted or implemented in the context of an overseas offering, and its opinions summarized above are subject to any new laws, rules and regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations in any form relating to the M&A Rules. We cannot assure you that relevant PRC government agencies, including the CSRC, would reach the same conclusion as our PRC legal counsel, and hence we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. These regulatory agencies may impose fines and penalties on our operations in China, limit our ability to pay dividends outside of China, limit our operating privileges in China, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from this offering into China or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, as well as the trading price of the ADSs. The CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies also may take actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, to halt this offering before settlement and delivery of the ADSs offered hereby. Consequently, if you engage in market trading or other activities in anticipation of and prior to settlement and delivery, you do so at the risk that settlement and delivery may not occur. In addition, if the CSRC or other regulatory agencies later promulgate new rules or explanations requiring that we obtain their approvals for this offering, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of such approval requirements, if and when procedures are established to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding such approval requirement could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of the ADSs.

Our memorandum and articles of association contain anti-takeover provisions that could have a material adverse effect on the rights of holders of our ordinary shares and the ADSs.

We have adopted an amended and restated memorandum and articles of association that will become effective immediately prior to the completion of this offering. Our new memorandum and articles of association contain provisions to limit the ability of others to acquire control of our company or cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions. These provisions could have the effect of depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transaction. Our board of directors has the authority, without further action by our shareholders, to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to fix their designations, powers, preferences, privileges, and relative participating, optional or special rights and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights associated with our ordinary shares, in the form of ADS or otherwise. Preferred shares could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our company or make removal of management more difficult. If our board of directors decides to issue preferred shares, the price of the ADSs representing our ordinary shares may fall and the voting and other rights of the holders of our ordinary shares and the ADSs may be materially and adversely affected.

You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law.

We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Our corporate affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Law (2018 Revision) of the Cayman Islands and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against our directors, actions by our minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as

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from the common law of England, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands have a less developed body of securities laws than the United States. Some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States.

Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. Our directors have discretion under our articles of association that will become effective immediately prior to completion of this offering to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by our shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest.

As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by our management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the United States. For a discussion of significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Law (2018 Revision) of the Cayman Islands and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the United States and their shareholders, see “Description of Share Capital—Differences in Corporate Law.”

Certain judgments obtained against us by our shareholders may not be enforceable.

We are a Cayman Islands company and substantially all of our current operations are conducted in China. In addition, most of our current directors and officers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the United States in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands and of China may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers. For more information regarding the relevant laws of the Cayman Islands and China, see “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities.”

ADSs holders may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to claims arising under the deposit agreement, which could result in less favorable outcomes to the plaintiff(s) in any such action.

The deposit agreement governing the ADSs representing our Class A ordinary shares provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, ADS holders waive the right to a jury trial for any claim they may have against us or the depositary arising out of or relating to our shares, the ADSs or the deposit agreement, including any claim under the U.S. federal securities laws.

If we or the depositary were to oppose a jury trial based on this waiver, the court would have to determine whether the waiver was enforceable based on the facts and circumstances of the case in accordance with applicable state and federal law. To our knowledge, the enforceability of a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver in connection with claims arising under the federal securities laws has not been finally adjudicated by the United States Supreme Court. However, we believe that a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision is generally enforceable, including under the laws of the State of New York, which govern the deposit agreement, or by a federal or state court in the City of New York, which has non-exclusive jurisdiction over matters arising under the deposit agreement. In determining whether to enforce a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver, courts will generally consider whether a party knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily waived the right to a jury trial. We believe that this would be the case with respect to the deposit agreement and the ADSs. It is advisable that you consult legal counsel regarding the jury waiver provision before investing in the ADSs.

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If you or any other holders or beneficial owners of ADSs bring a claim against us or the depositary in connection with matters arising under the deposit agreement or the ADSs, including claims under federal securities laws, you or such other holder or beneficial owner may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to such claims, which may have the effect of limiting and discouraging lawsuits against us or the depositary. If a lawsuit is brought against us or the depositary under the deposit agreement, it may be heard only by a judge or justice of the applicable trial court, which would be conducted according to different civil procedures and may result in different outcomes than a trial by jury would have, including outcomes that could be less favorable to the plaintiff(s) in any such action.

Nevertheless, if this jury trial waiver is not permitted by applicable law, an action could proceed under the terms of the deposit agreement with a jury trial. No condition, stipulation or provision of the deposit agreement or the ADSs serves as a waiver by any holder or beneficial owner of ADSs or by us or the depositary of compliance with any substantive provision of the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

The voting rights of holders of ADSs are limited by the terms of the deposit agreement, and you may not be able to exercise your right to direct the voting of the ordinary shares underlying the ADSs.

Holders of ADSs do not have the same rights as our registered shareholders. As a holder of the ADSs, you will not have any direct right to attend general meetings of our shareholders or to cast any votes at such meetings. You will only be able to exercise the voting rights which attach to the ordinary shares underlying the ADSs indirectly by giving voting instructions to the depositary in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement. Under the deposit agreement, you may vote only by giving voting instructions to the depositary, as holder of the ordinary shares underlying the ADSs. If we ask for your instructions, then upon receipt of your voting instructions, the depositary will try to vote the underlying ordinary shares in accordance with these instructions. If we do not instruct the depositary to ask for your instructions, the depositary may still vote in accordance with instructions you give, but it is not required to do so. You will not be able to directly exercise any right to vote with respect to the underlying ordinary shares unless you withdraw the shares and become the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date for the general meeting. When a general meeting is convened, you may not receive sufficient advance notice of the meeting to enable you to withdraw the shares underlying the ADSs and become the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date for the general meeting to allow you to attend the general meeting and to vote directly with respect to any specific matter or resolution to be considered and voted upon at the general meeting. In addition, under our post-offering articles of association that will become effective immediately prior to completion of this offering, for the purposes of determining those shareholders who are entitled to attend and vote at any general meeting, our directors may close our register of members and/or fix in advance a record date for such meeting, and such closure of our register of members or the setting of such a record date may prevent you from withdrawing the ordinary shares underlying the ADSs and becoming the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date, so that you would not be able to attend the general meeting or to vote directly. Where any matter is to be put to a vote at a general meeting, if we ask the depositary to, it will notify you of the upcoming vote and to deliver our voting materials to you. We cannot assure you that you will receive the voting material in time to ensure you can direct the depositary to vote your shares. In addition, the depositary and its agents are not responsible for failing to carry out voting instructions or for their manner of carrying out your voting instructions. This means that you may not be able to exercise your right to direct how the shares underlying the ADSs are voted and you may have no legal remedy if the shares underlying the ADSs are not voted as you requested.

Under our proposed dual-class share structure with different voting rights, holders of Class B ordinary shares will have complete control of the outcome of matters put to a vote of shareholders, which will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change of control transactions that holders of our Class A ordinary shares and the ADSs may view as beneficial.

We have adopted a dual-class share structure such that our ordinary shares will consist of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares, which will become effective immediately upon the completion of this

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offering. In respect of matters requiring the votes of shareholders, each Class A ordinary share is entitled to one vote, each Class B ordinary share is entitled to 15 votes. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof, while Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances. Upon any sale, transfer, assignment or disposition of any Class B ordinary shares by a holder thereof to any non-affiliate to such holder, each of such Class B ordinary shares will be automatically and immediately converted into one Class A ordinary share. There is no limit on the circumstances where holders of Class B ordinary shares may transfer or otherwise dispose of their Class B ordinary shares. We will sell Class A ordinary shares represented by the ADSs in this offering. Immediately upon the completion of this offering, the Pre-2018 Shareholders, including Tencent, our controlling shareholder, will beneficially own all of our issued Class B ordinary shares which will constitute approximately             % of our total issued and outstanding share capital and             % of the aggregate voting power of our total issued and outstanding share capital immediately upon the completion of this offering, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option. As a result of this dual-class share structure, the holders of our Class B ordinary shares will have complete control over the outcome of matters put to a vote of shareholders and have significant influence over our business, including decisions regarding mergers, consolidations, liquidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, election of directors and other significant corporate actions. The holders of Class B ordinary shares will continue to control the outcome of a shareholder vote (i) with respect to matters requiring an ordinary resolution which requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of shareholder votes, to the extent that the Class B ordinary shares represent at least             % of our total issued and outstanding share capital; and (ii) with respect to matters requiring a special resolution which requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of shareholder votes, to the extent that the Class B ordinary shares represent at least             % of our total issued and outstanding share capital. The holders of Class B ordinary shares may take actions that are not in the best interest of us or our other shareholders or holders of the ADSs. It may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could have the effect of depriving our other shareholders of the opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and may reduce the price of the ADSs. This concentrated control will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any potential merger, takeover or other change of control transactions that holders of Class A ordinary shares and ADSs may view as beneficial.

You may experience dilution of your holdings due to the inability to participate in rights offerings.

We may, from time to time, distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire securities. Under the deposit agreement, the depositary will not distribute rights to holders of ADSs unless the distribution and sale of rights and the securities to which these rights relate are either exempt from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all holders of ADSs, or are registered under the provisions of the Securities Act. The depositary may, but is not required to, attempt to sell these undistributed rights to third parties, and may allow the rights to lapse. We may be unable to establish an exemption from registration under the Securities Act, and we are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to these rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to have a registration statement declared effective. Accordingly, holders of ADSs may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution of their holdings as a result.

As a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the [New York Stock Exchange] [NASDAQ] corporate governance listing standards. These practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with the [New York Stock Exchange] [NASDAQ] corporate governance listing standards.

As a Cayman Islands company listed on the [New York Stock Exchange]/[NASDAQ Global Market], we are subject to [New York Stock Exchange]/[NASDAQ Global Market] corporate governance listing standards. However, [New York Stock Exchange]/[NASDAQ Global Market] rules permit a foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, may differ significantly from the [New York Stock Exchange]/

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[NASDAQ Global Market] corporate governance listing standards. We intend to follow Cayman Islands corporate governance practices in lieu of the corporate governance requirements of the [New York Stock Exchange]/[NASDAQ Global Market] that listed companies must have for as long as we qualify as a foreign private issuer including: (i) a majority of independent directors; (ii) a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors; and (iii) a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors. To the extent we choose to follow home country practice in the future, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would enjoy under [New York Stock Exchange]/[NASDAQ Global Market] corporate governance listing standards applicable to U.S. domestic issuers.

We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public companies.

Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and regulations in the United States that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, including:

• the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K;

• the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act;

• the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and

• the rules under Regulation FD governing selective disclosure rules of material nonpublic information.

We will be required to file an annual report on Form 20-F within four months of the end of each fiscal year. In addition, we intend to publish our results on a quarterly basis as press releases, distributed pursuant to the rules of the [New York Stock Exchange]/[NASDAQ Global Market]. Press releases relating to financial results and material events will also be furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K. However, the information we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC will be less extensive and less timely compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers. As a result, you may not be afforded the same protections or information that would be made available to you were you investing in a U.S. domestic issuer.

We are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the rules of the [New York Stock Exchange]/[NASDAQ Global Market] and, as a result, can rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements that provide protection to shareholders of other companies.

We are a “controlled company” as defined under the rules of the [New York Stock Exchange]/[NASDAQ Global Market] since Tencent beneficially owns more than 50% of our total voting power. For so long as we remain a controlled company under this definition, we are permitted to elect to rely on certain exemptions from corporate governance rules, including:

• an exemption from the rule that a majority of our board of directors must be independent directors;

• an exemption from the rule that the compensation of our chief executive officer must be determined or recommended solely by independent directors; and

• an exemption from the rule that our director nominees must be selected or recommended solely by independent directors.

As a result, you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements.

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There can be no assurance that we will not be a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for any taxable year, which could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. investors in the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares.

In general, a non-U.S. corporation is a PFIC for any taxable year in which (i) 75% or more of its gross income consists of passive income; or (ii) 50% or more of the average quarterly value of its assets consists of assets that produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. For purposes of the above calculations, a non-U.S. corporation that owns, directly or indirectly, at least 25% by value of the shares of another corporation is treated as if it held its proportionate share of the assets of the other corporation and received directly its proportionate share of the income of the other corporation. Cash is a passive asset for these purposes. Based on the expected composition of our income and assets and the value of our assets, including goodwill, which is based on the expected price of the ADSs in this offering, we do not expect to be a PFIC for our current taxable year. However, it is not entirely clear how the contractual arrangements between our wholly-owned subsidiaries, our VIEs and the shareholders of our VIEs will be treated for purposes of the PFIC rules. Because the treatment of the contractual arrangements is not entirely clear, because we will hold a substantial amount of cash following this offering, and because our PFIC status for any taxable year will depend on the composition of our income and assets and the value of our assets from time to time (which may be determined, in part, by reference to the market price of the ADSs, which could be volatile), there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for our current or any future taxable year. If we were a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. taxpayer holds ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could apply to such U.S. taxpayer. See “Taxation—U.S. Federal Income Taxation—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.”

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

You can identify these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “likely to” or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:

• general economic, political, demographic and business conditions globally and in China;

• fluctuations in inflation and exchange rates in China;

• our ability to implement our growth strategy;

• our ability to retain, grow and engage our user base and expand our music entertainment content offering;

• changes in consumer tastes and preferences;

• the availability of qualified personnel and the ability to retain such personnel;

• changes in content-related costs and other operating costs;

• changes in government regulation and tax matters;

• other factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations; and

• other risk factors discussed under “Risk Factors.”

You should read thoroughly this prospectus and the documents that we refer to in this prospectus with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from and worse than what we expect. Other sections of this prospectus include additional factors which could adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

This prospectus also contains statistical data and estimates that we obtained from industry publications and reports generated by third-party providers of market intelligence. These industry publications and reports generally indicate that the information contained therein was obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but do not guarantee the accuracy and completeness of such information. Although we believe that the publications and reports are reliable, we have not independently verified the data.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that we will receive net proceeds from this offering of approximately US$                 million, or approximately US$                million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs in full, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the ADSs being sold by the selling shareholders.

We plan to use the net proceeds of this offering primarily for the following purposes:

• approximately 40% for investment to enhance our music content offerings to improve the variety, quality and quantity of content on our platform;

• approximately 30% for product and service development to expand and enhance our current product and service offerings, as well as to develop new products and services to further enhance user engagement;

• approximately 15% for selling and marketing, including marketing and promotions to strengthen our brand and grow our paying user base; and

• approximately 15% for potential strategic investments and acquisitions and general corporate purposes.

If an unforeseen event occurs or business conditions change, we may use the proceeds of this offering differently than as described in this prospectus. In utilizing the proceeds from this offering, we are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiaries only through loans or capital contributions, and to our consolidated VIEs only through loans, and only if we satisfy the applicable government registration and approval requirements. The relevant filing and registration processes for capital contributions typically take approximately eight weeks to complete. The filing and registration processes for loans typically take approximately four weeks or longer to complete. While we currently see no material obstacles to completing the filing and registration procedures with respect to future capital contributions and loans to our PRC subsidiaries or VIEs, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete these filings and registrations on a timely basis, or at all. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of this offering to make loans or make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.” Additionally, while there is no statutory limit on the amount of capital contribution that we can make to our PRC subsidiaries, loans provided to our PRC subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs in the PRC are subject to certain statutory limits. We are able to use all of the net proceeds from this offering for investment in our PRC operations by funding our PRC subsidiaries through capital contributions which is not subject to any statutory limit on the amount under PRC laws and regulations. See “PRC Regulation—Loans by Foreign Companies to their PRC Subsidiaries.” We expect the net proceeds from this offering to be used in the PRC will be in the form of RMB and, therefore, our PRC subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs will need to convert any capital contributions or loans from U.S. dollars into Renminbi in accordance with applicable PRC laws and regulations. All of the net proceeds from this offering would be available for investment in our operations in the PRC, subject to the foregoing statutory limits on the amount of loans provided to our PRC subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs in the PRC and the laws and regulations on the conversion from U.S. dollars into Renminbi.

Pending use of the net proceeds, we intend to hold our net proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing, financial instruments or demand deposits.

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DIVIDEND POLICY

We currently have no plan to declare or pay any dividends in the near future on our shares or ADSs, as we currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business.

In December 2017, our board of directors resolved to distribute 255,185,879 ordinary shares as a fully paid share dividend to all of our shareholders on a pro rata basis. After giving effect to the waiver from Spotify and Tencent to receive such share dividend, we distributed to our then existing shareholders (other than Min River Investment Limited and Spotify AB) a share dividend of a total of 88,726,036 of our ordinary shares. Subsequently, in consideration for the above-mentioned waiver from Tencent, a certain number of the ordinary shares of Spotify that we acquired in the Spotify Transactions were transferred to a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tencent for a nominal consideration of US$1, which was accounted for as a distribution to Tencent and recognized in equity.

We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. We rely principally on dividends from our PRC subsidiaries for our cash requirements, including any payment of dividends to our shareholders. PRC regulations may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us. See “Risk Factors—Risk Related to Doing Business in China—Foreign exchange control may limit our ability to utilize our revenues effectively and affect the value of your investment.”

Our board of directors has discretion as to whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain requirements of Cayman Islands law. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our board of directors. Under Cayman Islands law, a Cayman Islands company may pay a dividend out of either profit or share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if our board of directors decides to pay dividends, the form, frequency and amount will depend upon our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that the board of directors may deem relevant. If we pay any dividends on our ordinary shares, we will pay those dividends which are payable in respect of the Class A ordinary shares underlying the ADSs to the depositary, as the registered holder of such Class A ordinary shares, and the depositary then will pay such amounts to the ADS holders in proportion to the Class A ordinary shares underlying the ADSs held by such ADS holders, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including the fees and expenses payable thereunder. See “Description of American Depositary Shares.”

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our capitalization as of June 30, 2018:

• on an actual basis;

• on a pro forma basis to reflect the re-designation of                ordinary shares as Class A ordinary shares and                ordinary shares as Class B ordinary shares, in each case on a one-for-one basis immediately prior to the completion of this offering; and

• on a pro forma as adjusted basis to reflect (i) the re-designation of                ordinary shares as Class A ordinary shares and                ordinary shares as Class B ordinary shares, in each case on a one-for-one basis immediately prior to the completion of this offering; and (ii) the issuance and sale of                Class A ordinary shares in the form of ADSs by us in this offering at an initial public offering price of US$                per ADS, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us (assuming the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs).

You should read this table together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus and the information under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

	As of June 30, 2018
	Actual				Pro Forma		Pro Forma as Adjusted(1)
	RMB		US$		RMB	US$	RMB	US$
	(in thousands)
Equity:
Share capital (US$0.000083 par value; 4,800,000,000 shares authorized; 3,089,967,945 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018;              Class A ordinary shares and              Class B ordinary shares issued and outstanding on a pro forma basis as of June 30, 2018;(2) and              Class A ordinary shares and              Class B ordinary shares issued and outstanding on a pro forma as adjusted basis as of June 30, 2018 (unaudited))		2		0
Additional paid-in capital(3)		26,348		3,982
Other reserves		1,793		271
Retained earnings		2,972		449
Equity attributable to equity holders of our company		31,115		4,702
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity		35,947		5,432

Notes:

(1) The pro forma as adjusted information discussed above is illustrative only. Our additional paid-in capital, total shareholders’ equity and total capitalization following the completion of this offering are subject to adjustment based on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.

(2) Includes 24,757,517 ordinary shares issued to certain investors with a lock-up period of three years; pursuant to the share subscription agreements, during such lock-up period, these investors have the right to cause us to purchase such ordinary shares at a pre-determined price.

(3) Assuming the number of ADSs offered by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus remains the same, and after deduction of underwriting discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us, a US$1.00 change in the assumed initial public offering price of US$                per ADS would, in the case of an increase, increase and, in the case of a decrease, decrease each of additional paid-in capital, total shareholders’ equity and total capitalization by US$                million.

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DILUTION

If you invest in the ADSs, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per ADS and our net tangible book value per ADS after this offering. Dilution results from the fact that the initial public offering price per ordinary share is substantially in excess of the net tangible book value per ordinary share attributable to the existing shareholders for our presently outstanding ordinary shares.

Our net tangible book value as of June 30, 2018 was approximately US$                per ordinary share and US$                per ADS. Net tangible book value per ordinary share represents the amount of total tangible assets, minus the amount of total liabilities and mezzanine equity, divided by the total number of ordinary shares outstanding. Dilution is determined by subtracting net tangible book value per ordinary share from the initial public offering price per ordinary share.

Without taking into account any other changes in such net tangible book value after June 30, 2018, other than to give effect to our issuance and sale of                 ADSs offered in this offering at an initial public offering price of US$                per ADS, after deduction of the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of June 30, 2018 would have been approximately US$                million, or US$                per ordinary share and US$                per ADS, to existing shareholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of US$                per ordinary share, or US$                per ADS, to purchasers of ADSs in this offering.

The following table illustrates the dilution at the initial public offering price per ordinary share is US$                and all ADSs are exchanged for ordinary shares.

Initial public offering price per ordinary share	US$
Net tangible book value per ordinary share	US$
Pro forma net tangible book value per ordinary share as adjusted to give effect to this offering	US$
Amount of dilution in net tangible book value per ordinary share to new investors in this offering	US$
Amount of dilution in net tangible book value per ADS to new investors in this offering	US$

The pro forma information discussed above is illustrative only.

The following table summarizes, on a pro forma basis as of June 30, 2018, the differences between the existing shareholders and the new investors with respect to the number of ordinary shares purchased from us in this offering, the total consideration paid and the average price per ordinary share paid and per ADS before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. The total number of ordinary shares does not include Class A ordinary shares underlying the ADSs issuable upon the exercise of the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters.

			Total Consideration		Average Price Per Ordinary Share	Average Price Per ADS
	Ordinary Shares Purchased		Amount (in thousands of US$)	Percent
	Number	Percent			US$	US$
Existing shareholders
New investors
Total

The discussion and tables above also assume no exercise of any options outstanding as of the date of this prospectus. The maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issued pursuant to the equity awards granted

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under our share incentive plans is 183,401,310 shares. As of the date of this prospectus, there are 87,665,164 ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options under our share incentive plans. To the extent that any of these options are exercised, there will be further dilution to new investors.

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EXCHANGE RATE INFORMATION

Our reporting currency is the Renminbi because our business is mainly conducted in China and all of our revenues are denominated in Renminbi. This prospectus contains translations of Renminbi amounts into U.S. dollars at specific rates solely for the convenience of the reader. The conversion of Renminbi into U.S. dollars in this prospectus is based on the rate certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Unless otherwise noted, all translations from Renminbi to U.S. dollars and from U.S. dollars to Renminbi in this prospectus are made at RMB6.6171 to US$1.00, the exchange rate set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board on June 29, 2018, except that translation from Renminbi to U.S. dollars and from U.S. dollars to Renminbi of the historical financial information of CMC are made at RMB6.6843 to US$1.00, the exchange rate on July 12, 2016 in the City of New York for cable transfers of Renminbi as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. We make no representation that any Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate, the rates stated below, or at all. The PRC government imposes control over its foreign currency reserves in part through direct regulation of the conversion of Renminbi into foreign exchange and through restrictions on foreign trade. On September 28, 2018, the rate was RMB6.8680 to US$1.00.

The following table sets forth information concerning exchange rates between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar for the periods indicated. These rates are provided solely for your convenience and are not necessarily the exchange rates that we used in this prospectus or will use in the preparation of our periodic reports or any other information to be provided to you.

	Noon Buying Rate
Period	Period End		Average(1)		Low		High
	(RMB per US$1.00)
2013		6.0537		6.1412		6.2438		6.0537
2014		6.2046		6.1704		6.2591		6.0402
2015		6.4778		6.2869		6.4896		6.1870
2016		6.9430		6.6549		6.9580		6.4480
2017		6.5063		6.7350		6.9575		6.4773
2018
April		6.3325		6.2967		6.3340		6.2655
May		6.4096		6.3701		6.4175		6.3325
June		6.6171		6.4651		6.6235		6.3850
July		6.8038		6.7164		6.8102		6.6123
August		6.8300		6.8453		6.9330		6.8018
September		6.8680		6.8551		6.8880		6.8270

Source: Federal Reserve Statistical Release

Notes:

(1) Annual averages were calculated by using the average of the exchange rates on the last day of each month during the relevant year. Monthly averages are calculated by using the average of the daily rates during the relevant month.

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ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES

Cayman Islands

We were incorporated in the Cayman Islands in order to enjoy the following benefits:

• political and economic stability;

• an effective judicial system;

• a favorable tax system;

• the absence of exchange control or currency restrictions; and

• the availability of professional and support services.

However, certain disadvantages accompany incorporation in the Cayman Islands. These disadvantages include, but are not limited to, the following:

• the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States and these securities laws provide significantly less protection to investors; and

• Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to sue before the federal courts of the United States.

Our constitutional documents do not contain provisions requiring that disputes, including those arising under the securities laws of the United States, between us, our officers, directors and shareholders, be arbitrated.

[Substantially all of our operations] are conducted in China, and [substantially all of our assets] are located in China. A majority of our directors and executive officers are nationals or residents of jurisdictions other than the United States and a substantial portion of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for a shareholder to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons, or to enforce against us or them judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.

We have appointed Cogency Global Inc. as our agent upon whom process may be served in any action brought against us under the securities laws of the United States.

Maples and Calder (Hong Kong) LLP, our counsel as to Cayman Islands law, has advised us that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands would:

• recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States; or

• entertain original actions brought in each respective jurisdiction against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.

Maples and Calder (Hong Kong) LLP has informed us that it is uncertain whether the courts of the Cayman Islands will allow shareholders of our company to originate actions in the Cayman Islands based upon securities laws of the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty with regard to Cayman Islands law related to whether a judgment obtained from the U.S. courts under civil liability provisions of U.S. securities laws will be determined by the courts of the Cayman Islands as penal or punitive in nature. If such a determination is made, the courts of the Cayman Islands will not recognize or enforce the judgment against a Cayman Islands company, such as our company. As the courts of the Cayman Islands have yet to rule on making such a determination in relation to judgments obtained from U.S. courts under civil liability provisions of U.S. securities laws, it is uncertain whether such judgments would be enforceable in the Cayman Islands. Maples and Calder (Hong Kong) LLP has informed us that although there is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the

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federal or state courts of the United States (and the Cayman Islands are not a party to any treaties for the reciprocal enforcement or recognition of such judgments), a judgment obtained in such jurisdiction will be recognized and enforced in the courts of the Cayman Islands at common law, without any reexamination of the merits of the underlying dispute, by an action commenced on the foreign judgment debt in the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands, provided that such judgment (i) is given by a foreign court of competent jurisdiction, (ii) imposes on the judgment debtor a liability to pay a liquidated sum for which the judgment has been given, (iii) is final, (iv) is not in respect of taxes, a fine or a penalty, and (v) was not obtained in a manner and is not of a kind the enforcement of which is contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman Islands.

PRC

Han Kun Law Offices, our PRC legal counsel, has advised us that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of China would:

• recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States; or

• entertain original actions brought in each respective jurisdiction against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.

Han Kun Law Offices has further advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under PRC Civil Procedures Law. PRC courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of PRC Civil Procedures Law based either on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have any treaties or other form of reciprocity with the United States or the Cayman Islands that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. In addition, according to the PRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violates the basic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security or public interest. As a result, it is uncertain whether and on what basis a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court in the United States or in the Cayman Islands. Under the PRC Civil Procedures Law, foreign shareholders may originate actions based on PRC law against us in the PRC, if they can establish sufficient nexus to the PRC for a PRC court to have jurisdiction, and meet other procedural requirements, including, among others, the plaintiff must have a direct interest in the case, and there must be a concrete claim, a factual basis and a cause for the suit. However, it would be difficult for foreign shareholders to establish sufficient nexus to the PRC by virtue only of holding the ADSs or our ordinary shares.

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CORPORATE HISTORY AND STRUCTURE

Our Major Corporate Milestones

The following chart illustrates our major business and corporate milestones:

Our Corporate History

Launch of QQ Music, Kugou, Kuwo and WeSing

• QQ Music: In 2003, QQ, the social network operated by Tencent, launched its online music services. In 2005, QQ Music commenced operations.

• Kugou: In 2004, Kugou Music was launched. In February 2006, Guangzhou Kugou Computer Technology Co., Ltd., or Guangzhou Kugou, was incorporated in China and commenced the operations of Kugou Music. In September 2012, Guangzhou Kugou commenced offering its live streaming services through Fanxing Live, which was rebranded to Kugou Live in December 2016.

• Kuwo: In December 2005, Beijing Kuwo Technology Co., Ltd., or Beijing Kuwo, was incorporated in China and commenced its operations of Kuwo Music. Beijing Kuwo and its then shareholders subsequently entered into a series of contractual arrangements with Yeelion Online Network Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., or Yeelion Online, through which Yeelion Online acquired effective control over Beijing Kuwo. In March 2013, Beijing Kuwo launched Kuwo Live to offer live streaming services.

• WeSing: In September 2014, WeSing commenced offering its online karaoke services.

CMC’s Acquisition of Guangzhou Kugou and Beijing Kuwo

In June 2012, China Music Corporation, or CMC, was incorporated in the Cayman Islands.

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In December 2013, CMC acquired all of the outstanding equity interests of Yeelion Online, obtaining effective control over Beijing Kuwo and its business operations in the PRC through the contractual arrangements between Beijing Kuwo and Yeelion Online and the shareholders of Beijing Kuwo.

In April 2014, CMC, through an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary in the PRC, entered into a series of contractual arrangements with Guangzhou Kugou and its shareholders.

As a result of these contractual arrangements, CMC obtained effective control over, and became the primary beneficiary of, each of Guangzhou Kugou and Beijing Kuwo through which it operated substantially all of its online music entertainment services in the PRC.

Combination of Tencent’s Online Music Business with CMC

Prior to July 2016, Tencent held an approximately 15.8% equity interests in CMC.

In July 2016, Tencent acquired control of CMC through a series of transactions pursuant to which (i) Tencent injected substantially all of its online music business in the PRC (which primarily included QQ Music and WeSing) into CMC; and (ii) in consideration of the foregoing, CMC issued an aggregate of 1,290,862,550 ordinary shares to a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tencent, namely Min River Investment Limited, or Min River. Upon the completion of these transactions, Tencent owned an approximately 61.6% equity interests in CMC and CMC became a consolidated subsidiary of Tencent.

In December 2016, CMC was renamed “Tencent Music Entertainment Group,” or TME. Ocean Music Hong Kong was renamed “Tencent Music Entertainment Hong Kong Limited,” or TME Hong Kong; and Ocean Information was renamed “Tencent Music (Beijing) Co., Ltd.,” or Beijing Tencent Music.

Acquisition of Ultimate Music

In October 2017, we acquired 100% equity interests in Ultimate Music Inc., or Ultimate Music, a provider of online music services to smart devices. Through Ultimate Music, we provide services to smart device and automobile makers enabling them to develop their built-in music players. Through certain contractual arrangements between one of Ultimate Music’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Shenzhen Ultimate Xiangyue Culture and Technology Co., Ltd., or Shenzhen Ultimate Xiangyue, and Shenzhen Ultimate Music Culture and Technology Co., Ltd., or Shenzhen Ultimate Music, we obtained effective control over, and became the primary beneficiary of, Shenzhen Ultimate Music.

Spotify Transactions

In December 2017, (i) we issued 282,830,698 ordinary shares to Spotify AB, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Spotify Technology S.A. (NYSE: SPOT), or Spotify, and (ii) Spotify, in exchange, issued 8,552,440 ordinary shares (after giving effect to a 40-to-one share split of Spotify’s ordinary shares) to TME Hong Kong. In connection with its acquisition of our ordinary shares, Spotify agreed not to transfer our ordinary shares for a period of three years from December 15, 2017, subject to limited exceptions described elsewhere in this prospectus. The foregoing transactions are collectively referred to as the “Spotify Transactions.” In connection with the Spotify Transactions, we entered into an investor agreement with Spotify. For details, see “Description of Share Capital—Spotify Investor Agreement.” Following the Spotify Transactions, Spotify held a minority stake in TME, and both Tencent and TME held minority stakes in Spotify. Through the Spotify Transactions, we intend to work together with Spotify to explore collaboration opportunities with a common objective to foster a vibrant music ecosystem that benefits users, artists and content owners, while benefiting from Spotify’s growth.

In addition, in connection with the Spotify Transactions, we distributed a share dividend of a total of 88,726,036 of our ordinary shares to all of our then existing shareholders other than Min River and Spotify AB,

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who had waived their rights to receive a share dividend in such distribution, in December 2017. In consideration of such waiver of Min River, TME Hong Kong transferred 50% of Spotify’s ordinary shares that it acquired in the Spotify Transactions to a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tencent for a nominal consideration of US$1, which was accounted for as a distribution to Tencent and recognized in equity.

We held an approximately 2.5% equity interest in Spotify following the foregoing transactions.

Recent Share Issuances

In the first quarter of 2018, we issued a total of 67,370,801 ordinary shares to certain financial and strategic investors for an aggregate consideration of approximately US$239 million and issued a total of 52,024,094 ordinary shares to our existing shareholders for an aggregate consideration of approximately US$210 million.

On October 1, 2018, we entered into share subscription agreements with each of WMG China LLC (“Warner”), an affiliate of Warner Music Group, and Sony Music Entertainment (“Sony”) pursuant to which we agreed to issue to these two strategic investors, subject to satisfaction of certain customary closing conditions, a total of 68,131,015 ordinary shares for an aggregate cash consideration of approximately US$200 million, in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act regarding private sales of securities. The share issuances are currently expected to be consummated prior to the completion of the offering. Under the agreements, all shares held by Warner and certain shares held by Sony will be subject to a lock-up that will expire upon the earlier of the third anniversary of the completion of this offering or October 1, 2021, subject to limited exceptions. The remaining shares held by Sony will be subject to a lock-up that will expire upon the earlier of the end of six months following the completion of this offering or April 1, 2019, subject to limited exceptions. We believe that such transactions will help deepen our strategic cooperation with our major music label partners and better align our interests with theirs to create long-term value for our users and shareholders. We expect to record a share-based accounting charge upon the consummation of such share issuances in an amount equal to the excess of the fair value of the ordinary shares sold over the aggregate consideration to be received by us. We are currently in the process of assessing the fair value of our ordinary shares and the amount of the accounting charge we expect to incur as a result of these transactions. Assuming the fair value of our ordinary shares is US$             per share, the midpoint of the estimated range of the initial public offering price, the expected accounting charge would be approximately US$            . As a result of this material one-off, non-cash accounting charge, we expect to record a loss for the three months ending December 31, 2018.

In September 2018, we issued a total of 23,084,008 ordinary shares to Min River Investment Limited, PAGAC Music Holding II Limited, CICFH Culture Entertainment Group, Guomin Holdings Limited and Cityway Investments Limited and a total of 460,724 options to purchase our ordinary shares to certain individuals to acquire all the remaining interest in UEC, an investment holding company that invests in and manages a portfolio of companies in the music industry and an associate of our company.

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Corporate Structure

The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure, including our significant subsidiaries and VIEs, immediately upon the completion of this offering.

Notes:

(1) Beneficial ownership percentages represent beneficial ownership of our total issued and outstanding share capital immediately after the completion of this offering, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, we have included shares that the person has the right to acquire within 60 days, including through the exercise of any option, warrant, or other right or the conversion of any other security. These shares, however, are not included in the computation of the percentage ownership of any other person.

(2) Voting power percentages represent aggregate voting power of our total issued and outstanding share capital immediately after the completion of this offering, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option, and are calculated by dividing the voting power beneficially owned by such person or group by the voting power of all of our issued and outstanding Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares as a single class. In respect of matters requiring a shareholder vote, each Class A ordinary share is entitled to one vote and each Class B ordinary share is entitled to 15 votes and is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof. Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances. See also “Description of Share Capital—Ordinary Shares.”

(3) Shareholders of Xizang Qiming are Ms. Min Hu, our Chief Financial Officer, and Mr. Qihu Yang, our General Counsel, each holding 50% of its equity interests.

(4) Shareholders of Guangzhou Kugou and their respective shareholdings and relationship with our company are as follows: (i) Linzhi Lichuang Information Technology Co., Ltd. (54.87%), an entity controlled by Tencent; (ii) Mr. Guomin Xie (9.99%), our Co-President and director; (iii) Mr. Zhongwei Qiu (9.99%), a nominee shareholder designated by affiliates of PAG Capital Limited, a minority shareholder of our company; (iv) Shenzhen Litong Industry Investment Fund Co., Ltd. (6.77%), an entity controlled by Tencent; (v) Mr. Zhenyu Xie (6.59%), our Co-President and director; (vi) Mr. Liang Tang (2.73%), our director and a nominee shareholder designated by affiliates of China Investment Financial Holdings Fund Management Company Limited, a minority shareholder of our company; (vii) individuals and entities, including Kashi Tianshan Red Sea Venture Capital Co., Ltd. (2.94%), Mr. Jianming Dong (1.48%), Ms. Huan Hu (1.18%), Ms. Yaping Gao (1.10%), Hangzhou Yong Xuan Yong Ming Capital Investment Partnership (Limited Partnership) (0.74%) and Mr. Hanjie Xu (0.55%), as nominee shareholders designated by certain minority shareholders of our company;

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and (viii) Guangzhou Lekong Investment Partnership (Limited Partnership) (1.08%), an employee equity incentive platform of Guangzhou Kugou, with Mr. Zhenyu Xie being its general partner. Guangzhou Kugou operates Kugou Music and Kugou Live.

(5) Shareholders of Beijing Kuwo and their respective shareholdings and relationship with our company are as follows: (i) Linzhi Lichuang Information Technology Co., Ltd. (61.64%), an entity controlled by Tencent; (ii) Mr. Guomin Xie (23.02%), our Co-President and director; and (iii) Mr. Lixue Shi (15.34%), our Group Vice President. Beijing Kuwo operates Kuwo Music and Kuwo Live.

(6) Shareholders of Shenzhen Ultimate Music and their respective shareholdings and relationship with our company are as follows: (i) Tencent Music Shenzhen (96.10%), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Guangzhou Kugou; and (ii) Mr. Xiudong Ma (1.95%) and Mr. Gang Ding (1.95%), both of whom are employees of our company.

(7) Tencent Music Shenzhen operates QQ Music and WeSing.

Contractual Arrangements with Our VIEs and Their Respective Shareholders

Currently, substantially all of our users and business operations are located in the PRC and we do not have plans for any significant overseas expansion, as our primary focus is the PRC online music entertainment market, which we believe possesses tremendous growth potential and attractive monetization opportunities.

Current PRC laws and regulations impose certain restrictions or prohibitions on foreign ownership of companies that engage in value-added telecommunication services, internet audio-video program services and certain other businesses. The Special Administrative Measures for Entrance of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2018 Version) provides that foreign investors are generally not allowed to own more than 50% of the equity interests in a value-added telecommunication service provider other than an e-commerce service provider, and the Provisions on the Administration of Foreign-Invested Telecommunications Enterprises (2016 Revision) require that the major foreign investor in a value-added telecommunication service provider in China must have experience in providing value-added telecommunications services overseas and maintain a good track record. In addition, foreign investors are prohibited from investing in companies engaged in certain online and culture related businesses. See “PRC Regulation—Regulations on Foreign Investment Special Administrative Measures for Entrance of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2018 Version).” We are a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. Beijing Tencent Music, Yeelion Online and Shenzhen Ultimate Xiangyue, our PRC subsidiaries, are considered foreign-invested enterprises. To comply with the foregoing PRC laws and regulations, we primarily conduct our business in China through Guangzhou Kugou, Beijing Kuwo, Shenzhen Ultimate Music and Xizang Qiming, our VIEs and their subsidiaries in the PRC, based on a series of contractual arrangements. As a result of these contractual arrangements, we exert effective control over our VIEs and consolidate their operating results in our consolidated financial statements under IFRS. These contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control over our VIEs. If our VIEs or their respective shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we could be limited in our ability to enforce the contractual arrangements that give us effective control over our business operations in the PRC and may have to incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. We may also have to rely on legal remedies under PRC law, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and claiming damages, which we cannot assure will be effective under PRC law. For details of these and other risks associated with our VIE structure, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure.”

The following is a summary of the contractual arrangements by and among Yeelion Online, Beijing Kuwo and the shareholders of Beijing Kuwo. The contractual arrangements by and among us (through our wholly-owned PRC subsidiaries) and each of Guangzhou Kugou, Shenzhen Ultimate Music and Xizang Qiming, as well as their respective shareholders, are substantially similar to the corresponding contractual arrangements discussed below, unless otherwise indicated. In addition, the spouses of certain shareholders of Shenzhen Ultimate Music and Xizang Qiming have also signed spousal consents, the key terms of which are summarized below. For the complete text of these contractual arrangements, please see the copies filed as exhibits to the registration statement filed with the SEC of which this prospectus forms a part.

In the opinion of Han Kun Law Offices, our PRC counsel:

• the ownership structures of our VIEs and our wholly-owned PRC subsidiaries, both currently and immediately after giving effect to this offering, do not and will not contravene any PRC laws or regulations currently in effect; and

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• the contractual arrangements among our wholly-owned PRC subsidiaries, our VIEs and their respective shareholders governed by PRC laws are valid and binding upon each party to such arrangements and enforceable against each party thereto in accordance with their terms and applicable PRC laws and regulations currently in effect.

There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current or future PRC laws and regulations. We have been further advised by our PRC legal counsel that if the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating our value-added telecommunication services, including internet audio-video program services and related business do not comply with PRC government restrictions on foreign investment in such businesses, we could be subject to severe penalties including being prohibited from continuing operations. For a description of the risks related to these contractual arrangements and our corporate structure, please see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure.”

Equity Interests Pledge Agreement

Pursuant to the equity interests pledge agreement dated July 12, 2016 by and among Yeelion Online, Beijing Kuwo and the shareholders of Beijing Kuwo, the shareholders of Beijing Kuwo pledged all of their equity interests in Beijing Kuwo to Yeelion Online, to guarantee Beijing Kuwo’s and its shareholders’ performance of their obligations under, where applicable, the exclusive option agreement, exclusive technical service agreement, voting trust agreement and loan agreement. If Beijing Kuwo or any of its shareholders breach their contractual obligations under these agreements, Yeelion Online will be entitled to certain rights, including but not limited to the rights to auction or sell the pledged equity interests. Without the prior written consent of Yeelion Online, the shareholders of Beijing Kuwo shall not transfer the pledged equity interests, create or permit to be created any new pledge or any other security interest on the pledged equity interests.

Exclusive Option Agreement

Pursuant to the exclusive option agreement dated July 12, 2016 by and among Yeelion Online, Beijing Kuwo and the shareholders of Beijing Kuwo, the shareholders of Beijing Kuwo irrevocably granted Yeelion Online or its designated person, an exclusive option to purchase at its discretion, all or part of the equity interests held by the shareholders of Beijing Kuwo at the price agreed by the parties to the extent permitted by PRC law. Without the prior written consent of Yeelion Online, the shareholders of Beijing Kuwo shall not transfer or otherwise dispose of, or create any encumbrances or third party interests upon their equity interests in Beijing Kuwo. In addition, Beijing Kuwo irrevocably granted Yeelion Online or its designated party an exclusive option to purchase at its discretion, all or part of the assets held or entitled to be used by Beijing Kuwo, to the extent permitted under PRC law.

Exclusive Technical Service Agreement

Pursuant to the exclusive technical service agreement dated July 12, 2016 by and between Yeelion Online and Beijing Kuwo, Yeelion Online or its designated person has the sole and exclusive right to provide specified business support, technical service and consulting service to Beijing Kuwo. Beijing Kuwo agrees to accept such services and, without the prior written consent of Yeelion Online, may not accept the same or similar services provided by any third party during the term of the agreement. Beijing Kuwo agrees to pay to Yeelion Online specified service fees, which represents 90% of the annual net operating income of Beijing Kuwo together with other service fees charged for other ad hoc services provided.

Under the exclusive technical service agreements between each of Xizang Qiming and Shenzhen Ultimate Music and our applicable subsidiary, there is no specific number or percentage of service fees that our subsidiary is entitled to charge for the services provided to each such VIE. Instead, the services fee can be agreed upon by both parties by taking into account the complexity of services provided, the time consumed and seniority of staff involved and other factors.

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Loan Agreement

Pursuant to the loan agreement dated July 12, 2016 by and among Yeelion Online, Mr. Guomin Xie and Mr. Lixue Shi, Yeelion Online provided loans to Mr. Xie and Mr. Shi solely for the purpose of acquiring equity interests of Beijing Kuwo. Yeelion Online has the sole discretion to determine the method of repayment, including requiring Mr. Xie and Mr. Shi to transfer their equity interests in Beijing Kuwo to Yeelion Online or its designated person.

There is no such loan agreement between Shenzhen Ultimate Xiuangyue and the shareholders of Shenzhen Ultimate Music.

Voting Trust Agreement

Pursuant to the voting trust agreement dated July 12, 2016 by and among Yeelion Online, Beijing Kuwo and the shareholders of Beijing Kuwo, the shareholders of Beijing Kuwo each irrevocably granted Yeelion Online or any person designated by Yeelion Online as their attorney-in-fact to vote on their behalf on all matters of Beijing Kuwo by issuing a voting proxy.

Spousal Consents

The spouses of Mr. Qihu Yang, a shareholder of Xizang Qiming, as well as Mr. Gang Ding and Mr. Xiudong Ma, each a shareholder of Shenzhen Ultimate Music, have each signed a spousal consent letter. Under the spousal consent letter, the signing spouse unconditionally and irrevocably approved the execution by her spouse of the above-mentioned equity interests pledge agreement, exclusive option agreement and voting proxy, as applicable, and that her spouse may perform, amend or terminate such agreements without her consent. Moreover, the spouse confirmed she has no, and will not assert in the future, any rights over the equity interests in Xizang Qiming or Shenzhen Ultimate Music held by her spouse. In addition, in the event that the spouse obtains any equity interest in Xizang Qiming or Shenzhen Ultimate Music held by her spouse for any reason, she agrees to be bound by and sign any legal documents substantially similar to the contractual arrangements entered into by her spouse, as may be amended from time to time.

Hong Kong Stock Exchange Matters of Tencent

[Under Practice Note 15 of the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities of The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, this offering is deemed a “spin-off” transaction by Tencent for which Tencent requires approval by the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. On             , 2018, the Hong Kong Stock Exchange confirmed that Tencent may proceed with the “spin-off” transaction. Pursuant to Practice Note 15, Tencent must make available to its shareholders an “assured entitlement” to a certain portion of our shares.

As our ordinary shares are not expected to be listed on any stock exchange, Tencent intends to effect the Assured Entitlement Distribution by providing to its shareholders a “distribution in specie,” or distribution of the ADSs in kind, at a ratio of one ADS for every whole multiple of             ,000 ordinary shares of Tencent held at the applicable record date for the distribution. The distribution will be made without any consideration being paid by Tencent’s shareholders. Tencent’s shareholders who are entitled to fractional ADSs, who elect to receive cash in lieu of ADSs and who are located in the United States or are U.S. persons, or are otherwise ineligible holders, will only receive cash in the Assured Entitlement Distribution.

Tencent currently intends to provide an assured entitlement with an aggregate value of approximately US$             million. The Assured Entitlement Distribution will only be made if this offering is completed.

The distribution in specie of ADSs by Tencent is not part of this offering.]

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OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH TENCENT

Tencent is a leading provider of internet value-added services in China, offering a broad range of internet services including communications and social, online games, digital content, online advertising, mobile payment, mobile utilities and other services. Tencent operates the largest online social community in China with over one billion MAUs of Weixin and WeChat combined and 803 million MAUs of QQ in the second quarter of 2018. Tencent uses technology to enrich the lives of internet users—Weixin, WeChat and QQ offer rich digital content, including games, video, music and literary works. Tencent was founded in Shenzhen, China in 1998. Shares of Tencent (00700.HK) are traded on the Main Board of the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong.

Prior to July 2016, Tencent held an approximately 15.8% equity interest in CMC. In July 2016, through a series of transactions, Tencent became CMC’s controlling shareholder, holding an approximately 61.6% equity interest. In December 2016, CMC was renamed “Tencent Music Entertainment Group,” or TME. Tencent has remained our controlling shareholder since the completion of its acquisition of CMC and is expected to continue to control us after the completion of this offering.

We are an integral and important part of Tencent’s content ecosystem and benefit from Tencent’s brand name and strong market position in China. Historically, we cooperated with Tencent in a number of areas, such as user acquisition, advertising, technology and IT infrastructure. We enjoy synergies arising from the mutually beneficial relationship between us and Tencent, and we intend to continue to leverage this relationship in the future.

We operate our own technology, management, finance, legal and human resources functions separately from Tencent’s, and we will continue to operate independently from Tencent after we become a public company. Accordingly, any diminishment in the business synergies between Tencent and us will not by itself result in a material increase in our costs for technology, management, human resources and other support functions. We will continue to cooperate with Tencent in a number of areas in accordance with the terms of the master business cooperation agreement, including attracting user traffic to our platform from Tencent’s user base, advertising, technology, social graph and IT infrastructure.

Upon the completion of this offering, Tencent will beneficially own             % of the total voting power of our then outstanding ordinary shares. As a result, we will be a “controlled company” under the [New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual]/[NASDAQ Rules]. For so long as we remain a controlled company under that definition, we are permitted to elect to rely on certain exemptions from corporate governance rules, including, among others, (i) an exemption from the rule that a majority of our board of directors must be independent directors; (ii) an exemption from the rule that the compensation of our chief executive officer must be determined or recommended solely by independent directors; and (iii) an exemption from the rule that our director nominees must be selected or recommended solely by independent directors.

We are subject to certain risks associated with our relationship with Tencent, including potential conflicts of interest that may arise between Tencent and us in a number of areas. For example, Tencent currently owns equity stakes in certain other music streaming businesses operating outside of the PRC. However, we currently do not expect to compete with such businesses as its primary focus is China’s online music entertainment market which we believe possesses tremendous growth potential, and we believe that if we seek to expand our overseas operations if we determine that doing so is in the best interests of our shareholders, such decision will not be impeded by the existence of such businesses. For more information about the risks in connection with our relationship with Tencent, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Relationship with Tencent.”

Master Business Cooperation Agreement

We executed a master business cooperation agreement, or BCA, with Tencent on July 12, 2018. The following is a summary of the key terms of the BCA. For the complete text of the BCA, please see the English translation of the copy filed as an exhibit to the registration statement filed with the SEC of which this prospectus is a part.

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Pursuant to the BCA, Tencent and we agreed to cooperate with each other in various areas. Among others, the BCA states that (i) Tencent agrees to provide us with user traffic and access to its social graphs to support our platform; (ii) Tencent agrees to provide us with support for technology infrastructure on the most favored terms so long as Tencent remains our largest shareholder in terms of voting power; (iii) Tencent grants us the right to use its online advertising sales channel to sell advertisements on our platform based on an agreed revenue sharing mechanism; and (iv) in return for the traffic and other support we receive from Tencent under the BCA, we agree to share with Tencent revenues from sales of the premium memberships offered by QQ Music. Historically, the revenue that we shared with Tencent from sales of premium memberships offered by QQ Music was not material to us, and we currently do not expect such revenue to be shared with Tencent pursuant to the BCA to be material in the foreseeable future.

Until the earlier of (i) Tencent ceasing to remain our largest shareholder in terms of voting power and (ii) the fifth anniversary of the completion of this offering, Tencent agrees not to operate any independent digital audio music streaming products, any independent online karaoke products, or any digital audio music copyright businesses, in each case, within China (including Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan) (with the exception of the existing music-related business activities conducted by Tencent provided that any new functions shall be subject to the non-compete undertakings). Tencent undertook that in the event that Tencent produces any digital audio music copyright and proposes to license such copyright to a third party, it should conduct its copyright licensing business through us if we offer the same terms as such third party. Tencent and we further agreed that in the event Tencent acquires any interests in certain music label companies as set forth in the BCA, we shall have the right to acquire all such interests from Tencent at Tencent’s initial investment price in accordance with the terms and procedures set forth in the BCA.

The cooperation terms under the BCA will expire on the fifth anniversary of the date of execution. The BCA may also be terminated by mutual consent.

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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following selected consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, selected consolidated balance sheet data as of January 1, 2016, December 31, 2016 and 2017 and selected consolidated cash flow data for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The following summary consolidated statements of operations data for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2018, summary consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2018 and summary consolidated cash flow data for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2018 have been derived from our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus and have been prepared on the same basis as our audited consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments, consisting only of normal and recurring adjustments, that we consider necessary for a fair statement of our financial position and operating results for the periods presented. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with IFRS. We have not included selected financial information for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, as we qualify as an issuer that adopts IFRS as issued by the IASB for the first time and are permitted to present selected financial information for the two most recent financial years as opposed to the five most recent financial years. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of results expected for future periods. Tencent’s acquisition of CMC was completed on July 12, 2016. As a result, historical results of operations of CMC before July 12, 2016 are not included in our consolidated financial statements presented in this prospectus and our historical financial information for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 may not be directly comparable. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—Our historical financial information may not be directly comparable between different periods due to our consolidation of CMC’s financial results since July 2016, which may make it difficult for you to evaluate our business and prospects.” For a description of this acquisition, see “Corporate History and Structure” and Note 2.1 to the consolidated financial statements of Tencent Music Entertainment Group included elsewhere in this prospectus. You should read this section together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus.

	For the Year Ended December 31,															For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016						2017									2017						2018
	RMB			%			RMB			US$			%			RMB			%			RMB			US$			%
	(in millions, except for share and per share data)
Selected Consolidated Statements of Operation Data:
Revenues
Online music services		2,144			49.2			3,149			476			28.7			1,364			30.4			2,553			386			29.6
Social entertainment services and others		2,217			50.8			7,832			1,184			71.3			3,121			69.6			6,066			917			70.4
Total revenues		4,361			100.0			10,981			1,659			100.0			4,485			100.0			8,619			1,303			100.0
Cost of revenues(1)		(3,129	)		(71.7	)		(7,171	)		(1,084	)		(65.3	)		(3,103	)		(69.2	)		(5,141	)		(777	)		(59.6	)
Gross profit		1,232			28.3			3,810			576			34.7			1,382			30.8			3,478			526			40.4
Operating expenses
Selling and marketing expenses(1)		(365	)		(8.3	)		(913	)		(138	)		(8.3	)		(298	)		(6.6	)		(738	)		(112	)		(8.6	)
General and administrative expenses(1)		(783	)		(18.0	)		(1,521	)		(230	)		(13.9	)		(682	)		(15.2	)		(905	)		(137	)		(10.5	)
Total operating expenses		(1,148	)		(26.3	)		(2,434	)		(368	)		(22.2	)		(980	)		(21.8	)		(1,643	)		(248	)		(19.1	)
Interest income		32			0.7			93			14			0.9			41			0.9			100			15			1.2
Other (losses)/gains, net		(13	)		(0.3	)		124			19			1.1			36			0.8			12			2			0.1
Operating profit		103			2.4			1,593			241			14.5			479			10.7			1,947			294			22.6
Share of net profit of investments accounted for using equity method		11			0.2			4			1			0.0			(1	)		(0.0	)		(7	)		(1	)		(0.1	)
Fair value change on liabilities of puttable shares		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(17	)		(3	)		(0.2	)
Profit before income tax		114			2.6			1,597			241			14.5			478			10.7			1,923			291			22.3
Income tax expenses		(29	)		(0.7	)		(278	)		(42	)		(2.5	)		(83	)		(1.9	)		(180	)		(27	)		(2.1	)
Profit for the year/period		85			1.9			1,319			199			12.0			395			8.8			1,743			263			20.2
Earnings per share for profit attributable to the equity holders of the company
Basic		0.04			—			0.51			0.08			—			0.15			—			0.57			0.08			—
Diluted		0.04			—			0.50			0.08			—			0.15			—			0.56			0.08			—
Shares used in calculating earnings per share
Basic		1,831,604,053			—			2,593,157,207			—			—			2,556,725,734			—			3,049,664,727			—			—
Diluted		1,899,419,825			—			2,639,466,412			—			—			2,603,209,173			—			3,110,040,819			—			—

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Note:

(1) Share-based compensation expenses were allocated as follows:

	For the Year Ended December 31,						For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016		2017				2017		2018
	RMB		RMB		US$		RMB		RMB		US$
	(in millions)
Cost of revenues		10		27		4		12		11		2
Selling and marketing expenses		6		12		2		5		6		1
General and administrative expenses		154		345		52		165		218		33
Total		170		384		58		182		235		36

The following table presents our selected consolidated balance sheet data as of January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016 and 2017 and June 30, 2018.

	As of January 1,		As of December 31,						As of June 30,
	2016		2016		2017				2018
	RMB		RMB		RMB		US$		RMB		US$
	(in millions)
Selected Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents		—		3,071		5,174		782		9,529		1,440
Short-term investments		—		261		—		—		—		—
Total current assets		437		4,997		7,467		1,128		12,913		1,951
Non-current assets		282		18,538		22,533		3,405		23,034		3,481
Total assets		719		23,535		30,000		4,534		35,947		5,432
Current liabilities		263		2,523		3,527		533		4,369		660
Non-current liabilities		—		378		325		49		441		67
Total liabilities		263		2,901		3,852		582		4,810		727
Equity attributable to equity holders of the company		456		20,625		26,141		3,951		31,115		4,702

The following table presents our selected consolidated cash flow data for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 and the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2018.

	For the Year Ended December 31,									For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016			2017						2017			2018
	RMB			RMB			US$			RMB			RMB			US$
	(in millions)
Selected Consolidated Cash Flow Data:
Net cash provided by operating activities		873			2,500			378			1,930			2,056			311
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities		496			(483	)		(73	)		(1,570	)		(573	)		(87	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		1,712			99			15			20			2,855			431
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		3,081			2,116			320			380			4,338			656
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year/period		—			3,071			464			3,071			5,174			782
Exchange (losses)/gains on cash and cash equivalents		(10	)		(13	)		(2	)		(3	)		17			3
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year/period		3,071			5,174			782			3,448			9,529			1,440

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The following selected consolidated financial statements of CMC for the period from January 1, 2016 to July 12, 2016 of CMC have been derived from CMC’s consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus and are prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

The following table presents CMC’s selected consolidated statement of operation for the period from January 1, 2016 to July 12, 2016.

	For the Period from January 1, 2016 to July 12, 2016
	RMB			%
	(in millions, except for percentage and share and per share data)
Selected Consolidated Statements of Operation Data:
Net Revenues
Music-centric live streaming services		1,454			75.6
Online advertising		90			4.7
Online music services and others		379			19.7
Total net revenues		1,923			100.0
Cost of revenues		(1,341	)		(69.7	)
Gross profit		582			30.3
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing expenses		(199	)		(10.4	)
General and administrative expenses		(323	)		(16.8	)
Research and development expenses		(201	)		(10.5	)
Impairment loss of intangible assets		(2	)		(0.0	)
Impairment loss of long-term investment		(15	)		(0.8	)
Gain on disposal of a subsidiary		20			1.0
Total operating expenses		(720	)		(37.5	)
Loss from operations		(138	)		(7.2	)
Interest and investment income		6			0.3
Other expenses, net		(1	)		(0.0	)
Share of net income of equity investee		4			0.2
Loss before income tax		(129	)		(6.7	)
Income tax expenses		(23	)		(1.2	)
Loss for the period		(152	)		(7.9	)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests		6			0.3
Net loss attributable to the company		(146	)		(7.6	)
Net loss per share
Basic		(0.14	)		—
Diluted		(0.14	)		N/A
Shares used in calculating net loss per share
Basic		1,048,871,789			N/A
Diluted		1,041,871,789			N/A

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The following table presents CMC’s selected consolidated balance sheet data as of July 12, 2016.

	As of July 12, 2016
	RMB
	(in millions)
Selected Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents		674
Short-term investments		633
Total current assets		1,793
Non-current assets		2,672
Total assets		4,465
Current liabilities		1,928
None-current liabilities		39
Total liabilities		1,967
Equity attributable to equity holders of CMC		2,491
Non-controlling interests		7

The following table presents CMC’s selected consolidated cash flow data for the period from January 1, 2016 to July 12, 2016.

	For the period from January 1, 2016 to July 12, 2016
	RMB
	(in millions)
Selected Consolidated Cash Flow Data:
Net cash provided by operating activities		279
Net cash used in investing activities		(754	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		629
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		22
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		176
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period		498
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period		674

Non-IFRS Financial Measure

We use adjusted profit for the year/period, which is a non-IFRS financial measure, in evaluating our operating results and for financial and operational decision-making purposes. We believe that adjusted profit for the year/period helps identify underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be distorted by the effect of certain expenses that we include in our profit for the year/period. We believe that adjusted profit for the year/period provides useful information about our results of operations, enhances the overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects and allows for greater visibility with respect to key metrics used by our management in its financial and operational decision-making.

Adjusted profit for the year/period should not be considered in isolation or construed as an alternative to operating profit, profit for the year/period or any other measure of performance or as an indicator of our operating performance. Investors are encouraged to review adjusted profit for the year/period and the reconciliation to its most directly comparable IFRS measure. Adjusted profit for the year/period presented here may not be comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies. Other companies may calculate similarly titled measures differently, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures to our data. We encourage investors and others to review our financial information in its entirety and not rely on a single financial measure.

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Adjusted profit for the year/period represents profit for the year/period excluding share-based compensation expenses, net gains from equity investments, amortization related to intangible and other assets resulting from the acquisitions of CMC and Ultimate Music, and impairment provision for investments in associates. The table below sets forth a reconciliation of our profit for the year/period to adjusted profit for the year/period for the periods indicated.

	For the Year Ended December 31,									For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016			2017						2017		2018
	RMB			RMB			US$			RMB		RMB			US$
	(in millions)
Profit for the year/period		85			1,319			199			395		1,743			263
Adjustments:
Share-based compensation expenses		170			384			58			182		235			36
Net gains from equity investments		(4	)		(72	)		(11	)		—		(1	)		(0	)
Amortization of intangible and other assets arising from business combinations(1)		175			271			41			155		118			18
Impairment provision for investments in associates		—			2			0			—		—			—
Fair value change on liabilities of puttable shares		—			—			—			—		17			3
Adjusted profit for the year/period		426			1,904			288			732		2,112			320

Note:

(1) Represents the amortization of identifiable assets, including intangible assets and prepayments for music content, resulting from Tencent’s acquisition of CMC in 2016 and our acquisition of Ultimate Music in 2017, net of related deferred taxes.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the section entitled “Selected Consolidated Financial Data” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. You should note that Tencent’s acquisition of CMC was completed on July 12, 2016. As a result, the historical results of operations of CMC before July 12, 2016 are not included in our consolidated financial statements presented in this prospectus and our historical financial information for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 may not be directly comparable. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—Our historical financial information for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 may not be directly comparable due to our consolidation of CMC’s financial results since July 2016, which may make it difficult for you to evaluate our business and prospects.”

Overview

We are the largest online music entertainment platform in China, operating the top four music mobile apps in terms of mobile MAUs in the second quarter of 2018. Our platform comprises our online music, online karaoke and music-centric live streaming services, supported by our content offerings, technology and data. Our platform is an all-in-one music entertainment destination that allows users to seamlessly engage with music in many ways, including discovering, listening, singing, watching and socializing. On our platform, social interactions, such as sharing, liking, commenting, following and virtual gifting, are deeply integrated in our products and highly complementary to the core music experience, thereby enhancing our user experience, engagement and retention.

We had over 800 million total unique MAUs in the second quarter of 2018, covering the full spectrum of user demographics in China. Our users are highly engaged, with each daily active user on average spending over 70 minutes per day on our platform in the second quarter of 2018. Our products allow users to discover and listen to music, sing and perform, as well as watch music videos and live music performances in a seamless and immersive way.

We have China’s most comprehensive library of music content in recorded and live, audio and video formats. We have the largest music content library with over 20 million tracks from over 200 domestic and international music labels, as of June 30, 2018. We also offer a broad range of video content, such as music videos and live and recorded concerts and music shows. In addition, hundreds of millions of users have shared their singing, short videos, live streaming of music performances, comments and music-related articles on our platform.

The scale and engagement of our user base generate extensive data that we use to develop innovative products that best cater to user preferences and enhance user experience. We also have developed technology that can monitor and protect copyrighted music, which empowers our artists and content partners to promote their music and protect their creative work.

We have achieved growth and profitability at scale. In the six months ended June 30, 2018, our revenue reached RMB8,619 million (US$1,303 million) compared to RMB4,485 million in the same period in 2017. For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2018, our profit for the period amounted to RMB395 million and RMB1,743 million (US$263 million), respectively. Our adjusted profit increased from RMB732 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 to RMB2,112 million (US$320 million) in the six months ended June 30, 2018. From 2016 to 2017, our revenue increased from RMB4,361 million to RMB10,981 million (US$1,659 million). In 2016 and 2017, we reported profit for the year of RMB85 million and RMB1,319 million (US$199 million),

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respectively, and recorded adjusted profit for the year of RMB426 million and RMB1,904 million (US$288 million), respectively. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Non-IFRS Financial Measure.”

Tencent’s acquisition of CMC was completed on July 12, 2016. Since then, the results of operations of CMC have been consolidated with ours and had contributed materially to our total revenues since July 2016. For the period from January 1, 2016 to July 12, 2016, CMC’s total revenues and net loss were RMB1,923 million (US$288 million) and RMB152 million (US$23 million), respectively. For a more detailed discussion of the effects of the acquisition of CMC, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—The Effects of the Acquisition of CMC.”

On October 1, 2018, we entered into certain share subscription agreements with WMG China LLC, an affiliate of Warner Music Group, and Sony Music Entertainment pursuant to which we agreed to issue to these two strategic investors a total of 68,131,015 ordinary shares for an aggregate cash consideration of approximately US$200 million. We expect to record a share-based accounting charge upon the consummation of such share issuances in an amount equal to the excess of the fair value of the ordinary shares sold over the aggregate consideration to be received by us. Assuming the fair value of our ordinary shares is US$             per share, the midpoint of the estimated range of the initial public offering price, the expected accounting charge would be approximately US$            . As a result of this material one-off, non-cash accounting charge, we expect to record a loss for the three months ending December 31, 2018. For more information, see “Summary—Corporate History and Structure—Share Issuances to Music Label Partners.”

The Impact of the Acquisition of CMC

On July 12, 2016, Tencent acquired CMC, a major online music entertainment platform in China, through a series of transactions pursuant to which Tencent obtained a controlling interest in CMC and CMC’s operations were merged with Tencent’s QQ Music and WeSing businesses. We have consolidated the financial results of CMC into ours since July 12, 2016 upon the completion of the acquisition. See “Corporate History and Structure” for more information.

For the period from January 1, 2016 to July 12, 2016, CMC’s total revenues and net loss was RMB1,923 million (US$288 million) and RMB152 million (US$23 million), respectively. See CMC’s consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for more information about CMC’s historical financial results. Prior to the acquisition, CMC operated a leading online music entertainment platform with a large user base and content library. For the three months ended June 30, 2016, mobile MAUs of CMC’s online music services and live streaming services were approximately 343 million and 23 million, respectively, and the number of CMC’s paying users for its online music services and live streaming services were approximately 1.4 million and 0.4 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2016, CMC’s content library included approximately 3.8 million tracks. Therefore, we believe that CMC has contributed materially to our business.

The consolidation of CMC’s businesses enlarged our user base and music content library, which we believe contributed to the substantial growth in our total revenues from 2016 to 2017. After Tencent’s acquisition of CMC in July 2016, our business and the business that was previously operated by CMC both grew substantially as a result of our combined content library and sharing of operational know-how. Post-acquisition, we: (i) operated our business on a combined basis with CMC’s business substantially integrated into our business; (ii) shared many costs and expenses, and (iii) ceased to maintain consolidated financial statements of CMC’s business on a standalone basis. Moreover, given the growth CMC’s business itself enjoyed from the merger, it would be impractical and not meaningful to quantify how much of our revenue growth was solely attributable to benefits realized from the acquisition. Similarly, while we believe that CMC’s surviving operations have been growing faster after the acquisition due to the intergration, we are not able to precisely quantify such growth because our business has been integrated.

While the consolidation of CMC has also contributed to the increase in our cost of revenues and operating expenses on an absolute basis, our operating margin has enjoyed favorable trends since the acquisition. Our operating expenses as a percentage of our total revenues decreased from 26.3% in 2016 to 22.2% in 2017, partly due to successful integration, and economies of scale achieved through the acquisition. However, we are unable

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to precisely quantify CMC’s contribution to our cost of revenues and operating expenses since the acquisition because many costs and expenses items, such as content licensing costs, content delivery costs and various operating expenses, are shared by the combined business.

After the acquisition, we have been operating CMC’s business as an integral part of the TME platform. Apart from the integration, the major factors that affected the historical performance of surviving CMC operations remain substantially identical to those that affect the performance of our combined platform, such as growth in user base and the number of paying users, as well as content costs. For a more detailed discussion about such factors and CMC’s impact on our historical results, see “—Specific Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations.” We expect that the integration with CMC will allow us to continue to drive the growth of the combined platform in the future. For example, the improved quality and quantity of our music content library are expected to continue to drive user base growth and paying user conversion for our combined online music business, which in turn could potentially bring more users to our social entertainment services. In terms of cost of revenues and operating expenses, we expect to continue to invest in content, sales and marketing and product development to drive the growth of our combined platform. As our integrated platform continues to grow and capitalize on the synergies with CMC, we expect our operating efficiency to continue to improve.

General Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations

Our business and results of operations are affected by a number of general factors affecting China’s online music entertainment industry, which include:

• China’s overall economic growth and level of per capita disposable income;

• growth in consumption of music and other entertainment content;

• entertainment habits and trends, including competition between different forms of music and non-music entertainment, and changes in mobile-based consumption of digital content;

• government policies and initiatives affecting China’s online music entertainment industry;

• continued music copyright protection and enforcement efforts by music industry participants in China;

• increasing willingness of Chinese consumers to pay for quality online music entertainment content and experiences; and

• the competitive landscape in China’s online music entertainment industry.

Unfavorable changes in any of these general conditions could negatively affect demand for our services and materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

Specific Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations

Our ability to maintain and grow our user base and further increase their engagement level

We generate revenues primarily through the sales of paid music, virtual gifts and premium memberships. Therefore, our ability to generate revenues is affected by the number of our users and the level of their engagement.

We believe mobile MAUs is the key metric to measure the scale of our user base as our services are predominately accessed via mobile devices. The following table sets forth details of our mobile MAUs for the periods indicated. These figures have not been adjusted to eliminate duplicate access of different products by the same user during any given period.

	For the Three Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2016(1)		Dec. 31, 2016		Mar. 31, 2017		Jun. 30, 2017		Sep. 30, 2017		Dec. 31, 2017		Mar. 31, 2018		Jun. 30, 2018
	(in millions)
Online music mobile MAUs		579		589		607		606		609		603		625		644
Social entertainment mobile MAUs		144		151		180		200		214		209		224		228

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Note:

(1) The numbers of mobile MAUs for the third quarter of 2016 presented herein have taken into account the numbers of mobile MAUs for the corresponding period of both CMC and Tencent’s online music business in the PRC, without eliminating any duplicates between the MAUs of CMC and Tencent’s online music business in the PRC. In July 2016, Tencent acquired CMC and merged its online music business in the PRC with CMC, which resulted in the consolidation of CMC’s operating and financial results into ours.

We adopt a holistic approach to operating our online music services and social entertainment services to foster synergies between them. We leverage our strong product functions and content recommenda