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Stock-based compensation
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-based compensation Stock-based compensation
Employee stock-based compensation cost recognized in the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss was as follows:
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
2023202220232022
(in thousands)
Cost of revenue$520 $272 $980 $521 
Engineering, research, and development1,020 1,638 2,673 2,502 
Sales and marketing823 1,207 1,878 1,878 
General and administrative4,790 13,270 14,879 20,147 
Total stock-based compensation$7,153 $16,387 $20,410 $25,048 
Stock Options
2018 Plan
Stock option activity under the Company’s 2018 Plan is set forth below:
Number of OptionsWeighted Average Exercise PriceAggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)Weighted Average Contractual Term
(in years)
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2022
1,598,811 $3.54 $12,279 6.0
Options exercised(32,795)$3.54 
Options outstanding as of June 30, 2023
1,566,016 $3.54 $8,942 5.6
Options vested and exercisable as of June 30, 2023
1,519,130 $3.54 $8,674 5.5
The total unrecognized compensation expenses related to 2018 Plan options as of June 30, 2023 was $0.01 million to be expensed on a straight-line basis over 0.2 years.
2020 Plan
As of June 30, 2023, 7.3 million shares were available for grant under 2020 Incentive Stock Plan (“2020 Plan”).
Stock option activity under the Company’s 2020 Plan is set forth below:
Number of OptionsWeighted Average Exercise PriceAggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)Weighted Average Contractual Term
(in years)
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2022
3,003,611 $13.22 $3,883 8.3
Options granted597,000 $11.68 
Options exercised(2,123)$8.20 
Options forfeited(164,708)$15.51 
Options expired(14,639)$20.71 
Options outstanding as of June 30, 2023
3,419,141 $12.82 $1,337 7.8
Options vested and exercisable as of June 30, 2023
1,415,499 $10.90 $1,069 6.6

The Company elected the policy to account for forfeitures as these occur. The total unrecognized compensation expenses related to 2020 Stock Plan options as of June 30, 2023 was $11.5 million to be expensed on a straight-line basis over the remaining 2.8 years.
Restricted Stock Units
RSUs granted do not participate in earnings, dividends, and do not have voting rights until vested.
The following table summarizes activity of the Company’s RSUs for the six months ended June 30, 2023:
Number of SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested awards as of December 31, 2022
2,245,968 $11.99 
Awards granted143,000 $11.64 
Awards vested and released(989,969)$12.40 
Awards forfeited(101,883)$11.22 
Unvested awards as of June 30, 2023
1,297,116 $11.69 
During the six months ended June 30, 2023 the Company net withheld and returned to the 2020 Plan pool 0.5 million shares to cover $5.3 million tax obligations for RSU releases. The total unrecognized compensation expenses related to 2020 Stock Plan RSUs as of June 30, 2023 was $12.9 million to be expensed on a straight-line basis over 1.0 years.
Performance Stock Units
The following table summarizes activity of the Company's PSUs for the six months ended June 30, 2023:
Number of SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested awards as of December 31, 2022
1,328,482 $39.41 
Awards granted523,938 $11.97 
Awards vested and released(1,328,482)$39.41 
Awards forfeited(32,375)$11.97 
Unvested awards as of June 30, 2023
491,563 $11.97 
During first quarter of 2023, the Company withheld 0.7 million shares to cover the $8.1 million tax obligations related to the release of vested 2022 PSU shares certified at 256% performance goal achievement on February 21, 2023. The total estimated
unrecognized compensation expenses related to 2020 Stock Plan PSUs as of June 30, 2023 was $6.1 million to be expensed over 0.7 years based on projected 158% performance goal achievement estimated as probable.