UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
(Mark One)
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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended
OR
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number:
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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incorporation or organization) |
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(Former name, former address and former fiscal year,
if changed since last report)
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: |
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Name of each exchange on which registered |
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
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Large accelerated filer ☐ |
Accelerated filer ☐ |
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Smaller reporting company
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Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes
As of August 11, 2023 the number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, was
REVIVA PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC.
FORM 10-Q TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Page |
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Part I Financial Information |
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Item 1. |
Financial Statements (unaudited) |
F-1 |
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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (unaudited) |
F-1 |
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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited) |
F-2 |
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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited) |
F-3 |
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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited) |
F-5 |
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) |
F-6 |
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Item 2. |
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
2 |
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Item 3. |
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
12 |
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Item 4. |
Controls and Procedures |
12 |
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Part II Other Information |
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Item 1. |
Legal Proceedings |
14 |
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Item 1A. |
Risk Factors |
14 |
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Item 2. |
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
14 |
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Item 3. |
Defaults Upon Senior Securities |
14 |
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Item 4. |
Mine Safety Disclosures |
14 |
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Item 5. |
Other Information |
14 |
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Item 6. |
Exhibits |
15 |
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Signatures |
16 |
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PART 1. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
REVIVA PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022
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June 30, |
December 31, |
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2023 |
2022 |
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Assets |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
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Total Assets |
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| Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | ||||||||
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Liabilities |
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| Short-term debt | $ | $ | ||||||
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Accounts payable |
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Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
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Total current liabilities |
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Warrant liabilities |
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Total Liabilities |
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| Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) |
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Stockholders' equity |
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Common stock, par value of $ |
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Additional paid-in capital |
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Accumulated deficit |
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Total stockholders' equity |
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Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity |
$ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
REVIVA PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
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Three Months Ended June 30, |
Six Months Ended June 30, |
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2023 |
2022 |
2023 |
2022 |
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| Operating expenses | ||||||||||||||||
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Research and development |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
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General and administrative |
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Total operating expenses |
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Loss from operations |
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(Loss) gain on remeasurement of warrant liabilities |
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| Interest expense | ( |
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Interest income |
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| Other expense | ( |
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Total other (expense) income, net |
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Loss before provision for income taxes |
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Provision for income taxes |
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Net loss |
$ | ( |
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Net loss per share: |
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Basic and diluted |
$ | ( |
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Weighted average shares outstanding |
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Basic and diluted |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
REVIVA PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
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Additional |
Total |
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Common Stock |
Paid-In |
Accumulated |
Stockholders' |
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Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 |
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Capital |
Deficit |
Equity |
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Balance at March 31, 2023 |
$ | $ | $ | ( |
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Common stock issued in connection with warrant exercises |
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Stock-based compensation expense |
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Net loss |
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Balance at June 30, 2023 |
$ | $ | $ | ( |
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Additional |
Total |
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Common Stock |
Paid-In |
Accumulated |
Stockholders' |
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Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 |
Shares |
Amount |
Capital |
Deficit |
Equity |
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Balance at December 31, 2022 |
$ | $ | $ | ( |
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Common stock issued in connection with warrant exercises |
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Stock-based compensation expense |
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Net loss |
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Balance at June 30, 2023 |
$ | $ | $ | ( |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
REVIVA PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
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Additional |
Total |
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Common Stock |
Paid-In |
Accumulated |
Stockholders' |
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Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 |
Shares |
Amount |
Capital |
Deficit |
Equity |
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Balance at March 31, 2022 |
$ | $ | $ | ( |
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Stock-based compensation expense |
— | |||||||||||||||||||
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Net loss |
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Balance at June 30, 2022 |
$ | $ | $ | ( |
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Additional |
Total |
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Common Stock |
Paid-In |
Accumulated |
Stockholders' |
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Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 |
Shares |
Amount |
Capital |
Deficit |
Equity |
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Balance at December 31, 2021 |
$ | $ | $ | ( |
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Common stock issued in connection with warrant exercises |
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Stock-based compensation expense |
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Net loss |
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Balance at June 30, 2022 |
$ | $ | $ | ( |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
REVIVA PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
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Six Months Ended June 30, |
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2023 |
2022 |
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Cash flows from operating activities |
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Net loss |
$ | ( |
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| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities | ||||||||
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Change in fair value of warrant liabilities |
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Stock-based compensation expense |
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| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
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Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
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Accounts payable |
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Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
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Net cash used in operating activities |
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Cash flows from financing activities |
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Repayment of short-term debt |
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Proceeds from exercise of warrants |
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Net cash provided by financing activities |
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Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |
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Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |
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Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |
$ | $ | ||||||
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Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |
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Cash paid for taxes |
$ | $ | ||||||
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Cash paid for interest |
$ | $ | ||||||
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Prepaid expenses included in accounts payable |
$ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
REVIVA PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
1. ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS
On December 14, 2020, Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”), a Delaware corporation and the successor by re-domiciliation to Tenzing Acquisition Corp. (“Tenzing”), a British Virgin Islands exempted company, Tenzing Merger Subsidiary Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Tenzing (“Merger Sub”), and Reviva Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (together with its consolidated subsidiary), consummated a business combination (the “Business Combination”) through the merger of Merger Sub with and into Reviva Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Merger”), in accordance with the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 20, 2020 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among Tenzing, Merger Sub, Reviva Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and the other parties thereto. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the Merger, Merger Sub merged with and into Reviva Pharmaceuticals, Inc., with Reviva Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as the surviving company in the Merger and, after giving effect to such Merger, Reviva Pharmaceuticals, Inc. becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. In these notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise specified or the context indicates otherwise, references to the “Company,” “Reviva,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Reviva Pharmaceuticals, Inc. was originally incorporated in the state of Delaware and commenced operations on May 1, 2006 and its Indian subsidiary, Reviva Pharmaceuticals India Pvt. Ltd. was incorporated in 2014. The Company is a late-stage pharmaceutical company developing new therapies that seek to address unmet medical needs in the areas of central nervous system (CNS), inflammatory and cardiometabolic diseases.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Certain footnotes and other financial information normally required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations. In management’s opinion, these condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as our annual consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring items, considered necessary for the fair presentation. The operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2023.
The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022, has been derived from our audited financial statements at that date but does not include all disclosures and financial information required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The information included in the quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2022, which were included in our annual report on Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 30, 2023.
Liquidity and Going Concern
The Company has incurred losses since inception and as of June 30, 2023, the Company had working capital of approximately $
The Company obtained financing for certain Director & Officer liability insurance policy premiums from First Insurance Funding (the “Lender”). The total premiums, taxes, and fees financed is $
The Company’s current cash on hand is not sufficient to satisfy its operating cash needs for the 12 months from the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The Company believes that it has adequate cash on hand to cover anticipated outlays well into the fourth quarter of 2023, but will need additional fundraising activities and cash on hand during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023. These conditions raise substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year after the date the financial statements are issued. Management’s plan to alleviate the conditions that raise substantial doubt include raising additional working capital through public or private equity or debt financings or other sources, which may include collaborations with third parties as well as disciplined cash spending. Adequate additional financing may not be available to the Company on acceptable terms, or at all. Should the Company be unable to raise sufficient additional capital, the Company may be required to undertake cost-cutting measures including delaying or discontinuing certain clinical activities. These factors among others create a substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
Use of estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting periods covered by the financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant areas requiring the use of management estimates include, but are not limited to, depreciative and amortization useful lives, assumptions used to calculate the fair value of stock-based compensation, warrant values, deferred taxes, and related valuation allowances. Actual results could differ materially from such estimates under different assumptions or circumstances.
Concentration of credit risk and other risks and uncertainties
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash. Currently, substantially all the Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held in demand deposit form at two financial institutions. Deposits in financial institutions may, from time to time, exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash.
The Company is subject to all of the risks inherent in an early-stage company developing new pharmaceutical products. These risks include, but are not limited to, limited management resources, dependence upon medical acceptance of products in development, regulatory approvals, successful clinical trials, availability and willingness of patients to participate in human trials, and competition in the pharmaceutical industry. The Company’s operating results may be materially affected by the foregoing factors.
Impact of COVID-19
In response to the spread of COVID-19, the Company has taken temporary precautionary measures intended to help minimize the risk of the virus to its employees and community, including temporarily requiring employees to work remotely and suspending all non-essential travel for the Company’s employees.
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of which are still being felt in the U.S. and around the world, the Company may experience disruptions that could adversely impact the Company’s business. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may negatively affect clinical site initiation, patient recruitment and enrollment, patient dosing, distribution of drug to clinical sites and clinical trial monitoring for our clinical trials. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may also negatively affect the operations of the third-party contract research organizations that the Company intends to rely upon to assist it in conducting its clinical trials and the contract manufacturers who manufacture the Company’s drug candidates.
The Company is continuing to assess the potential impact of the continuing and lasting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on its business and operations as of June 30, 2023.
3. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN
In 2014, Reviva Pharmaceuticals, Inc. implemented a tax deferred savings plan, commonly referred to as a 401(k) plan. Employee’s contributions are withheld from standard payroll checks and are automatically withdrawn from the Company checking account and deposited into individual employee retirement accounts a few days following each payroll period. Employees can defer or contribute the statutory legal limits. There has been no Company matching of employee contributions to the plan through June 30, 2023.
4. LOSS PER SHARE
Basic and diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss for the period by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share includes potentially dilutive securities such as stock options, warrants to purchase common stock, and other convertible instruments unless the result of inclusion would be anti-dilutive. These securities have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, because all such securities are anti-dilutive for all periods presented.
The following table summarizes the Company’s potentially dilutive securities, in common share equivalents, which have been excluded from the calculation of dilutive loss per share as their effect would be anti-dilutive:
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Three Months Ended June 30, |
Six Months Ended June 30, |
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2023 |
2022 |
2023 |
2022 |
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Shares issuable upon exercise of stock options |
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Shares issuable upon exercise of warrants to purchase common stock |
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Shares contingently issuable for earnout |
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The diluted loss per share computation equals basic loss per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 because the Company had a net loss and the impact of the assumed exercise of stock options and warrants would have been anti-dilutive.
5. WARRANTS
As of June 30, 2023, there were public warrants outstanding to purchase an aggregate of
2020 Business Combination
In connection with the closing of our Business Combination in 2020, our predecessor company, Tenzing, issued public warrants to purchase
Further, there were assumed warrants to purchase an aggregate of
Each public warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase share of common stock at a price of $
We may call the public warrants for redemption, in whole and not in part, at a price of $
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if, and only if, the reported last sale price of the common stock equals or exceeds $ |
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if, and only if, there is a current registration statement in effect with respect to the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying such Public Warrants at the time of redemption and for the entire 30-day trading period referred to above and continuing each day thereafter until the date of redemption |
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at any time while the public warrants are exercisable |
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upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to each warrant holder |
The private warrants are substantially similar to the public warrants except such private warrants;
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are exercisable for cash or on a cashless basis, at the holder’s option |
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cannot be redeemed by us, so long as they are still held by the initial purchasers or their affiliates. |
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The redemption price is to be calculated as the 10-day average trading price ending one trading business day prior to the notice of redemption. |
In no event will the Company be required to net cash settle either the public or the private warrants.
The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable on exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a share dividend, extraordinary dividend or a recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. The private warrants were classified as derivative liabilities pursuant to ASC 815 (see to Note 9).
2021 Public Offering
In connection with the Company’s public offering of units completed on June 1, 2021, the Company issued pre-funded warrants (“2021 Pre-Funded Warrants”) exercisable for
During fiscal year 2021,
During fiscal year 2022,
2022 Registered Direct Offering and Private Placement
On September 8, 2022, the Company completed a registered direct offering and concurrent private placement (the “September 2022 Offering”). In connection with this offering, the Company issued to investors warrants (the “2022 Private Placement Warrants”) to purchase up to
In a concurrent private placement, the Company issued pre-funded warrants (the “2022 Private Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, an aggregate of
The Company has determined that as the 2022 Private Pre-Funded Warrants and 2022 Private Placement Warrants were issued at fair value in an offering transaction in tandem with shares of equity with no debt funding included in the offering, the 2022 Private Pre-Funded Warrants and 2022 Private Placement Warrants should be classified as equity.
The fair value of the 2022 Private Placement Warrants and 2022 Private Pre-Funded Warrants was determined utilizing a Black-Scholes model considering all relevant assumptions current at the date of issuance (i.e., Company share price of $
The Company evaluated the 2022 Private Placement Warrants and the 2022 Private Pre-Funded Warrants in accordance with the guidance at ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity and ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging, and determined that they should be classified as equity instruments, with no recurring fair value measurement required. The warrants are indexed to the Company’s common stock and are required to be settled through physical settlement or net share settlement, if exercised. Accordingly, the warrants were recorded at their grant date fair value with no subsequent remeasurement.
6. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
On April 25, 2023, the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors (the “Compensation Committee”) approved the grant of option awards to certain of the Company's officers and employees in accordance with the terms of the Company’s 2020 Equity Incentive Plan ("2020 Plan"). The Compensation Committee's approval included options granted to purchase a total of
The Company records stock-based compensation expense in connection with the amortization of the fair value of stock options granted to employees, non-employee consultants and non-employee directors. During the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded stock-based compensation of $
Determining Fair Value
Valuation and Recognition – The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes pricing model utilizes the following assumptions:
Expected Term – Expected life of an option award is the average length of time over which the Company expects employees will exercise their options, which is based on historical experience with similar grants.
Expected Volatility - Expected volatility is based on the Company’s historical stock volatility data over the expected term of the awards.
Risk-Free Interest Rate - The Company bases the risk-free interest rate on the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent expected term.
Dividend Yield – The Company has not paid a dividend and does not anticipate paying a dividend in the foreseeable future.
There were no options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2022. The value of option grants is calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions for options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2023:
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June 30, 2023 |
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Risk-free interest rate |
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Expected term (in years) |
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Expected volatility |
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Expected dividend yield |
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Activity under the stock plans for the six months ended June 30, 2023, is as follows:
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Shares Available for Grant |
Number of Options Outstanding |
Weighted Average Exercise price per share |
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years |
Aggregate Intrinsic Value |
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Balance, December 31, 2022 |
$ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
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Granted |
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Balance, June 30, 2023 |
$ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
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Options exercisable at June 30, 2023 |
$ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
The options granted had a $
7. SHORT-TERM DEBT
Insurance Funding
The Company obtained financing for certain Director & Officer liability insurance policy premiums. The governing agreement assigns the Lender a first priority lien on and security interest in the financed policies and any additional premium required in the financed policies.
The total premiums, taxes and fees financed is $
8. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Clinical trials
Since 2010, the Company has entered into multiple clinical trial agreements with medical institutions in the United States, Europe and Asia for the purpose of enrolling patients into various clinical trials. The agreements are substantially similar by trial and include a detailed listing of the clinical trial services for which the Company will pay, the amount to be paid for each service, a set-up charge (if any), Investigational Review Board fees, contractual term, and other provisions. The clinical trial services provided by each site generally include the screening of prospective patients and, for those patients to be enrolled in the study, administration of the Company’s investigation drug according to the trial protocol, any required hospitalization, ancillary medical supplies, and 2-week patient follow-up. Further, each agreement requires the Company to indemnify each respective clinical site against any and all liability, loss, or damage it may suffer as a result of third-party claims; the Company maintains product liability insurance of not less than $
As part of the Company's agreement with one of its clinical research organizations, the Company is required to maintain a
Indemnification
From time to time, in its normal course of business, the Company may indemnify other parties, with whom it enters into contractual relationships, including lessors and parties to other transactions with the Company. The Company may agree to hold other parties harmless against specific losses, such as those that could arise from a breach of representation, covenant or third-party infringement claims. It may not be possible to determine the maximum potential amount of liability under such indemnification obligations due to the unique facts and circumstances that are likely to be involved in each particular claim and indemnification provision. Historically, there have been no such indemnification claims. The Company has also indemnified its directors and executive officers, to the extent legally permissible, against all liabilities reasonably incurred in connection with any action in which such individual may be involved by reason of such individual being or having been a director or executive officer.
Operating Leases
The Company adopted ASC 842, Leases, on January 1, 2019. The Company has elected to apply the short-term lease exception to leases of one year or less. Presently, the Company has a single lease on its Corporate Office located at 19925 Stevens Creek Blvd., Suite 100, Cupertino, CA 95014. The monthly lease payment is approximately $
9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. To increase the comparability of fair value measures, the following hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation methodologies used to measure fair value:
|
• |
Level 1 — Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs. |
|
• |
Level 2 — Directly or indirectly observable inputs as of the reporting date through correlation with market data, including quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and quoted prices in markets that are not active. Level 2 also includes assets and liabilities that are valued using models or other pricing methodologies that do not require significant judgment since the input assumptions used in the models, such as interest rates and volatility factors, are corroborated by readily observable data from actively quoted markets for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. |
|
• |
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and reflect the use of significant management judgment. These values are generally determined using pricing models for which the assumptions utilize management’s estimates of market participant assumptions. |
The determination of where assets and liabilities fall within this hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The following is a listing of the Company’s warrant liabilities required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis and where they are classified within the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
|
June 30, 2023 |
||||||||||||||||
|
Level 1 |
Level 2 |
Level 3 |
Total |
|||||||||||||
|
(unaudited) |
||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||
|
Warrant liability |
— | — | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
|
Total |
$ | — | $ | — | $ | $ | ||||||||||
|
December 31, 2022 |
||||||||||||||||
|
Level 1 |
Level 2 |
Level 3 |
Total |
|||||||||||||
|
Liabilities: |
||||||||||||||||
|
Warrant liability |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
|
Total |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
The following table summarizes the changes in the fair value of the warrant liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
|
Three Months Ended June 30, |
Six Months Ended June 30, |
|||||||||||||||
|
2023 |
2022 |
2023 |
2022 |
|||||||||||||
|
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Balance, beginning of period |
$ | $ | ||||||||||||||
|
Change in fair value of warrant liability |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||
|
Balance, end of period |
$ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
The Company classified the private warrants pursuant to ASC 815 as derivative liabilities, as the warrants have terms which are modified upon any future transfer of ownership, with subsequent changes in their fair values to be recognized in the consolidated financial statements at each reporting date. The Company calculated the fair value of the private warrants as of June 30, 2023 as $
The Company recorded a loss on remeasurement of warrant liabilities of $
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this section regarding our financial position, business strategy and the plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward- looking statements. When used in this section, words such “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend” and similar expressions, as they relate to our management, identify forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs of management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. Actual results could differ materially from those contemplated by the forward- looking statements as a result of certain factors detailed herein. All such forward-looking statements, and all subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are qualified in their entirety by this paragraph and the "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" below.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 under Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements include statements with respect to our beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, anticipations, assumptions, estimates, intentions and future performance, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may be beyond our control, and which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be forward-looking statements. You can identify these forward-looking statements through our use of words such as “may,” “can,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “should,” “indicate,” “would,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “expect,” “seek,” “estimate,” “continue,” “plan,” “point to,” “project,” “predict,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “potential” and other similar words and expressions of the future.
There are a number of important factors that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statement made by us. These factors include, but are not limited to:
|
• |
the success of our current or planned clinical trials through all phases of clinical development, including our ability to conduct and complete clinical trials in accordance with projected timelines, our ability to achieve the desired results, and our ability to successfully complete requisite regulatory review and approval processes; |
|
• |
our ability to grow and manage growth economically; |
|
• |
our ability to retain key executives and medical and science personnel; |
|
• |
the possibility that our products in development succeed in or fail clinical trials or are not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or other applicable authorities; |
|
• |
the possibility that we could be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our planned clinical trials or development programs; |
|
• |
our ability to obtain approval from regulatory agencies in different jurisdictions for our current or future product candidates; |
|
• |
changes in applicable laws or regulations; |
|
• |
changes to our relationships within the pharmaceutical ecosystem; |
|
• |
the performance of third-party suppliers and manufacturers and our ability to find additional suppliers and manufacturers and obtain alternative sources of raw materials; |
|
• |
our ability and the potential to successfully manufacture our product candidates for pre-clinical use, for clinical trials and, if approved, on a larger scale for commercial use; |
|
• |
our current and future capital requirements to support our development and commercialization efforts and our ability to satisfy our capital needs; |
|
• |
our ability to access capital on acceptable terms in a rising interest rate and tighter credit environment; |
|
• |
expectations regarding our ability to continue as a going concern; |
|
• |
the accuracy of our estimates regarding expenses and capital requirements, including estimated costs of our clinical studies; |
|
• |
our limited operating history; |
|
• |
our history of operating losses in each year since inception and expectation that we will continue to incur operating losses for the foreseeable future; |
|
• |
changes in the markets that we target; |
|
• |
continuing uncertainties associated with the ongoing impact and uncertain effect of COVID-19 or other future pandemics or events, and related responses of businesses and governments to COVID-19 or other future pandemics or events, on our operations including our clinical trials and on our personnel and those of any third party service providers upon which we rely, on commercial activity in the markets in which we operate and on our results of operations; |
|
• |
our ability to meet the continued listing requirements for the listing of our common stock and listed warrants on Nasdaq; |
|
• |
our ability to maintain or protect the validity of our patents and other intellectual property; |
|
• |
our exposure to any liability, protracted and costly litigation or reputational damage relating to data security; |
|
• |
our ability to maintain effective internal controls; and |
|
• |
the possibility that we may be adversely affected by other economic, business, and/or competitive factors. |
The foregoing does not represent an exhaustive list of matters that may be covered by the forward-looking statements contained herein or risk factors that we are faced with that may cause our actual results to differ from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements. Please see “Risk Factors” for additional risks which could adversely impact our business and financial performance.
All forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary notice. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report or the date of the document incorporated by reference into this report. We have no obligation, and expressly disclaims any obligation, to update, revise or correct any of the forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. We have expressed our expectations, beliefs and projections in good faith and believe they have a reasonable basis. However, we cannot assure you that our expectations, beliefs or projections will result or be achieved or accomplished.
Company Overview
We are a late-stage pharmaceutical company that discovers, develops, and seeks to commercialize next-generation therapeutics for diseases representing significant unmet medical needs and burdens to society, patients, and their families. Our current pipeline focuses on the central nervous system, inflammatory, and cardiometabolic diseases. We use a chemical genomics driven technology platform and proprietary chemistry to develop new medicines. Our pipeline currently has two drug candidates, brilaroxazine (RP5063) and RP1208. Both are new chemical entities discovered in-house. We have been granted composition of matter patents for both brilaroxazine and RP1208 in the United States (U.S.), Europe, and several other countries.
Our lead drug candidate, brilaroxazine, is in clinical development and is intended to treat multiple neuropsychiatric indications. These include schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), behavioral and psychotic symptoms of dementia or Alzheimer’s disease (BPSD), and Parkinson’s disease psychosis. Furthermore, brilaroxazine is also ready for clinical development for two respiratory indications — pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Orphan Drug Designation to brilaroxazine for the treatment of PAH in November 2016 and IPF in April 2018. Brilaroxazine also is in preclinical development for the treatment of psoriasis.
On January 10, 2022, the FDA notified us that we could proceed with our Phase 3 RECOVER trial (the “RECOVER Trial”), which is a global Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study designed to assess the safety and efficacy of brilaroxazine in approximately 400 patients with acute schizophrenia compared to placebo. On February 1, 2022, we announced that the first patients in the RECOVER Trial had been dosed. On July 27, 2022, we announced that we had enrolled patients in 15 geographically diverse sites across the U.S.
The Company received regulatory approval for initiating the study in Asia (India) on October 11, 2022 and multiple sites were initiated in India in November and December 2022.
On October 31, 2022, we announced over 30% enrollment in the RECOVER Trial in the United States and the initiation and ongoing enrollment across sites in Europe, and we finished 2022 with about 40% enrollment. On June 22, 2023, the Company reported that over 80% of patients have been enrolled in the RECOVER Trial, and on August 14, 2023, the Company reported that enrollment was near completion for approximately 400 patients across multiple sites in the Unites States, Europe and Asia for the RECOVER Trial with topline data expected in October 2023.
Our primary focus is to complete the clinical development of brilaroxazine for the treatment of acute and maintenance schizophrenia.
We are currently developing Phase 2 trial protocols for studies of brilaroxazine in ADHD and PAH and anticipate submitting the protocols to regulatory agencies in the second half of 2023 and initiating the Phase 2 studies in the second half of 2023.
Subject to the receipt of additional financing, we may also continue the clinical development of brilaroxazine for the treatment of BD, MDD, BPSD, PDP, and IPF. Moreover, subject to the receipt of additional financing, we may also advance the development of our second drug candidate, RP1208, for the treatment of depression and obesity.
Impact of COVID-19
In response to the spread of COVID-19, we have taken temporary precautionary measures intended to help minimize the risk of the virus to our employees and community, including temporarily requiring employees to work remotely and suspending all non-essential travel for our employees.
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of which are still being felt in the U.S. and around the world, we may experience disruptions that could adversely impact our business. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may negatively affect clinical site initiation, patient recruitment and enrollment, patient dosing, distribution of drug to clinical sites and clinical trial monitoring for our clinical trials. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may also negatively affect the operations of the third-party contract research organizations that we intend continue to rely upon to assist us in conducting our clinical trials and the contract manufacturers who manufacture our drug candidates.
We are continuing to assess the potential impact of the continuing and lasting effects of theCOVID-19 pandemic on our business and operations. For additional information on the various risks posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, refer to Part I—Item 1A—Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 30, 2023.
Business Combination and Domestication
On December 14, 2020, our predecessor company, formerly known as Tenzing Acquisition Corp., a British Virgin Islands exempted company (“Tenzing”), and Reviva Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, “Old Reviva”), consummated the transactions (the “Business Combination”) contemplated by the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 20, 2020 (as amended, the “Merger Agreement”), by and among Tenzing, Tenzing Merger Subsidiary Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Tenzing (“Merger Sub”), Old Reviva, and the other parties thereto. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into Old Reviva, with Old Reviva surviving as our wholly owned subsidiary. We refer to this transaction as the Business Combination. In connection with and one day prior to the completion of the Business Combination, Tenzing re-domiciled out of the British Virgin Islands and continued as a company incorporated in the State of Delaware, and changed its name to Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. Prior to the completion of the Business Combination, the Company was a shell company. Following the Business Combination, the business of Old Reviva is the business of the Company.
Old Reviva was incorporated in the state of Delaware on May 1, 2006 and its subsidiary, Reviva Pharmaceuticals India Pvt. Ltd., was incorporated on December 23, 2014. Tenzing was formed pursuant to the laws of the British Virgin Islands on March 20, 2018.
Financial Overview
We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company and have not generated any revenues from the sale of products. We have never been profitable, and our accumulated deficit as of June 30, 2023, was $110.2 million. Our net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was approximately $12.4 million and $5.3 million, respectively. Our net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was approximately $19.0 million and $12.7 million, respectively. We expect to incur significant expenses and increased operating losses for the next several years. We expect our expenses to increase in connection with our ongoing activities to research, develop and commercialize our product candidates. Furthermore, we expect to incur additional costs associated with operating as a public company. We will need to generate significant revenues to achieve profitability, and we may never do so.
We expect our expenses will increase substantially in connection with our ongoing activities, as we:
|
• |
invest significantly to further research and develop, through clinical trials for RP5063 (Brilaroxazine) and pre-clinical research for RP1208, and seek regulatory approval for our product candidates RP5063 (Brilaroxazine) and RP1208; |
|
• |
identify and develop additional product candidates; |
|
• |
hire additional clinical, scientific and management personnel; |
|
• |
seek regulatory and marketing approvals for any product candidates that we may develop; |
|
• |
ultimately establish a sales, marketing and distribution infrastructure to commercialize any drugs for which we may obtain marketing approval; |
|
• |
maintain, expand and protect our intellectual property portfolio; |
|
• |
acquire or in-license other drugs and technologies; and |
|
• |
add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel, including personnel to support our product candidate development, any future commercialization efforts, and our ongoing compliance with and maintenance of public company controls, procedures and regulatory requirements and standards. |
We have funded our operations to date primarily from the issuance and sale of our equity and convertible equity securities. As of June 30, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $11.2 million. To fund our current operating plans, we will need to raise additional capital. Our existing cash and cash equivalents will not be sufficient for us to complete development of our product candidates and, if applicable, to prepare for commercializing any product candidate that may receive approval. Accordingly, we will continue to require substantial additional capital beyond our existing cash to continue our clinical development and potential commercialization activities. We believe that we have adequate cash on hand to cover anticipated outlays well into the fourth quarter of 2023, but will need additional fundraising activities and cash on hand during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023. These conditions raise substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year after the date the financial statements are issued. The amount and timing of our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including the pace and results of our clinical development efforts. We will seek to fund our operations through public or private equity or debt financings or other sources, which may include collaborations with third parties. Adequate additional financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed would have a negative impact on our financial condition, and our ability to pursue our business strategy, and our ability to continue as a going concern. We cannot assure you that we will ever be profitable or generate positive cash flow from operating activities.
Research and Development Expenses
We focus our resources on research and development activities, including the conduct of preclinical and clinical studies and product development and expense such costs as they are incurred. We have not historically tracked or recorded research and development expenses on a project-by-project basis, primarily because we use our employee and infrastructure resources across multiple research and development projects, and it is not practical for us to allocate such costs on a project-by-project basis. Our research and development expenses primarily consist of employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits and taxes for personnel in research and development functions.
The largest recurring component of our total operating expenses has historically been research and development activities. We expect our research and development expenses will increase for the next several years as we advance our development programs, pursues regulatory approval of our product candidates in the U.S. and other jurisdictions and prepare for potential commercialization, which would require a significant investment in costs related to contract manufacturing, inventory buildup and sales and marketing activities.
Our primary product candidates and their current status is as follows:
|
Drug Candidate |
Indication |
Status |
|
Brilaroxazine (RP5063) |
Schizophrenia |
Initiated pivotal Phase 3 and long-term safety studies. Topline data for the pivotal Phase 3 study is anticipated in October 2023 |
|
Brilaroxazine |
Bipolar Disorder |
Phase 1 complete** |
|
Brilaroxazine |
Depression-MDD |
Phase 1 complete** |
|
Brilaroxazine |
Alzheimer’s (AD-Psychosis/Behavior) |
Phase 1 complete** |
|
Brilaroxazine |
Parkinson’s |
Phase 1 complete** |
|
Brilaroxazine |
ADHD/ADD |
Phase 1 complete** |
|
Brilaroxazine |
PAH |
Phase 1 complete** |
|
Brilaroxazine |
IPF |
Phase 1 complete** |
|
Brilaroxazine
|
Psoriasis | In pre-clinical development |
|
RP1208 |
Depression |
Completed pre-clinical development studies, including in vitro receptor binding studies, animal efficacy studies, and PK studies. Compound ready for IND enabling studies. |
|
RP1208 |
Obesity |
Completed pre-clinical development studies, including in vitro receptor binding studies and PK studies. Compound ready for animal efficacy studies. |
** We completed the Phase 1 clinical study for brilaroxazine prior to starting the Phase 2 study in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. We collected safety data for brilaroxazine in over 200 patients, including healthy subjects and patients with stable schizophrenia, acute schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Generally, no separate Phase 1 study is required for conducting a Phase 2 study for an additional indication, provided the treatment doses in the Phase 2 study for an additional indication are within the range of doses tested in the previously completed Phase 1 study.
The successful development of our platform and product candidates is highly uncertain, and we may never succeed in achieving marketing approval for our product candidates RP5063 (Brilaroxazine), RP1208, or any future product candidates. We expect the remaining costs in connection with our ongoing Phase 3 clinical study for brilaroxazine to be approximately $9.2 million as of June 30, 2023, with approximately $5.5 million payable during the rest of calendar 2023, and approximately $3.7 million payable during calendar 2024. At this time, other than our estimates for conducting our Phase 3 clinical study for brilaroxazine, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing, or costs of the efforts necessary to finish developing any of our product candidates or the period in which material net cash, if any, from these product candidates may commence. This is due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with developing therapeutics, including the uncertainty of:
|
• |
the scope, rate of progress, expense, and results of clinical trials; |
|
• |
the scope, rate of progress, and expense of process development and manufacturing; |
|
• |
preclinical and other research activities; and |
|
• |
the timing of regulatory approvals. |
General Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses primarily consist of payroll and related costs for employees in executive, business development, finance, and administrative functions. Other significant general and administrative expenses include professional fees for accounting and legal services.
We expect general and administrative expenses to increase as we expand infrastructure and continue the development of our clinical programs. Other increases could potentially include increased costs for director and officer liability insurance, costs related to the hiring of additional personnel, and increased fees for directors, outside consultants, lawyers, and accountants. We expect to incur significant costs to comply with corporate governance, internal controls, and similar requirements applicable to public companies.
Interest Income and Other Income
Interest income and other, net consists largely of interest earned on our cash & cash equivalents.
Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates
Our critical accounting policies are disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 30, 2023. Since the date of the Annual Report on Form 10-K, there have been no material changes in our critical accounting policies.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:
The following table summarizes our results of operations for three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:
|
Three Months Ended June 30, |
Change |
Change |
||||||||||||||
|
2023 |
2022 |
$ |
% |
|||||||||||||
|
Operating expenses |
||||||||||||||||
|
Research and development |
$ | 8,991,250 | $ | 4,514,389 | 4,476,861 | 99 | % | |||||||||
|
General and administrative |
3,079,301 | 1,005,099 | 2,074,202 | 206 | % | |||||||||||
|
Total operating expenses |
12,070,551 | 5,519,488 | ||||||||||||||
|
Loss from operations |
(12,070,551 | ) | (5,519,488 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
(Loss) gain on remeasurement of warrant liabilities |
(456,177 | ) | 178,021 | (634,198 | ) | (356 | )% | |||||||||
|
Interest expense |
(12,759 | ) | — | (12,759 | ) | 10000 | % | |||||||||
|
Interest income |
103,080 | 13,825 | 89,255 | 646 | % | |||||||||||
|
Other expense |
(19 | ) | (6,141 | ) | 6,122 | 100 | % | |||||||||
|
Total other (expense) income, net |
(365,875 | ) | 185,705 | |||||||||||||
|
Loss before provision for income taxes |
(12,436,426 | ) | (5,333,783 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Provision for income taxes |
6,436 | 6,921 | (485 | ) | (7 | )% | ||||||||||
|
Net loss |
$ | (12,442,862 | ) | $ | (5,340,704 | ) | ||||||||||
Research and Development Expenses
We incurred approximately $9.0 million and $4.5 million in research and development expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The primary reason for the increase of $4.5 million, or 99%, was attributable to an increase in Phase 3 clinical trial expenses and drug development costs of approximately $3.0 million for our product candidate brilaroxazine. This is coupled with an increase of approximately $0.9 million in stock-based compensation, an increase of approximately $0.6 million related to safety and toxicology studies and an increase in salaries of approximately $0.5 million. This is slightly offset by a decrease of approximately $0.4 million related to manufacturing and testing expenses, a decrease of approximately $0.1 million related to preclinical expenditures and a decrease of approximately $0.1 million related to recruiting expenses. Our research and development expenses are expected to increase for the foreseeable future as we continue to advance our platform and product candidates.
General and Administrative Expenses
We incurred approximately $3.1 million and $1.0 million in general and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase of $2.1 million, or 206%, was primarily attributable to increases in stock-based compensation of approximately $1.6 million, legal expenses of approximately $0.3 million, recruiting expenses of approximately $0.1 million, consultant and professional expenses of approximately $0.1 million and salary and board of director compensation totaling approximately $0.1 million. This is slightly offset by a decrease in health and commercial insurance of approximately $0.1 million.
(Loss) gain on Remeasurement of Warrant Liabilities
The remeasurement of warrant liabilities loss of $0.5 million and gain of $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, resulted from the increase in calculated fair value principally as a result of the increase in our stock price during the three months ended June 30, 2023. The gain on remeasurement of warrant liabilities $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, resulted from the decrease in calculated fair value principally as a result of the decline in stock price during the three months ended June 30, 2022.
Interest Income
Interest Income increased primarily due to the Company moving funds to an interest-bearing account in the final months of fiscal year 2022, coupled with an increase in market interest rates in 2023 as compared to 2022.
Comparison of the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:
The following table summarizes our results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:
|
Six Months Ended June 30, |
Change |
Change |
||||||||||||||
|
2023 |
2022 |
$ |
% |
|||||||||||||
|
Operating expenses |
||||||||||||||||
|
Research and development |
$ | 14,226,249 | $ | 10,344,407 | 3,881,842 | 38 | % | |||||||||
|
General and administrative |
4,579,855 | 2,625,238 | 1,954,617 | 74 | % | |||||||||||
|
Total operating expenses |
18,806,104 | 12,969,645 | ||||||||||||||
|
Loss from operations |
(18,806,104 | ) | (12,969,645 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
(Loss) gain on remeasurement of warrant liabilities |
(445,051 | ) | 267,031 | (712,082 | ) | (267 | )% | |||||||||
|
Interest expense |
(20,414 | ) | — | (20,414 | ) | 10000 | % | |||||||||
|
Interest income |
250,091 | 15,560 | 234,531 | (1507 | )% | |||||||||||
|
Other expense |
(14,513 | ) | (8,108 | ) | (6,405 | ) | 7900 | % | ||||||||
|
Total other (expense) income, net |
(229,887 | ) | 274,483 | |||||||||||||
|
Loss before provision for income taxes |
(19,035,991 | ) | (12,695,162 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
Provision for income taxes |
9,414 | 10,550 | (1,136 | ) | (11 | )% | ||||||||||
|
Net loss |
$ | (19,045,405 | ) | $ | (12,705,712 | ) | ||||||||||
Research and Development Expenses
We incurred approximately $14.2 million and $10.3 million in research and development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The primary reason for the increase of $3.9 million, or 38%, was attributable to an increase in Phase 3 clinical trial expenses and higher drug development costs of approximately $1.6 million for our product candidate brilaroxazine. This is coupled with an increase of approximately $1.0 million in stock-based compensation, an increase of approximately $1.0 million related to safety and toxicology studies, an increase in salaries of approximately $0.8 million, and an increase of approximately $0.1 million in consultant expense. This is slightly offset by a decrease of approximately $0.4 million related to manufacturing and testing expenses, a decrease of approximately $0.2 million related to preclinical expenditures and a decrease of approximately $0.1 million related to recruiting and other research and development expenses. Our research and development expenses are expected to increase for the foreseeable future as we continue to advance our platform and product candidates.
General and Administrative Expenses
We incurred approximately $4.6 million and $2.6 million in general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase of $2.0 million, or 74%, was primarily attributable to increases in stock-based compensation of approximately $1.6 million, legal expenses of approximately $0.2 million, consultant and professional expenses of approximately $0.2 million, recruiting expenses of approximately $0.1 million and salary and board of director compensation totaling approximately $0.1 million. This is slightly offset by a decrease in health and commercial insurance of approximately $0.2 million.
(Loss) gain on Remeasurement of Warrant Liabilities
The loss on remeasurement of warrant liabilities of $0.4 million and gain of $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, resulted from the increase in calculated fair value principally as a result of the increase in our stock price during the six months ended June 30, 2023. The gain on remeasurement of warrant liabilities $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, resulted from the decrease in calculated fair value principally as a result of the decline in stock price during the six months ended June 30, 2022.
Interest Income
Interest Income increased primarily due to the Company moving funds to an interest-bearing account in the final months of fiscal year 2022, coupled with an increase in market interest rates in 2023 as compared to 2022.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
|
June 30 |
December 31, |
Change |
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|
2023 |
2022 |
Dollars |
Percentage |
|||||||||||||
|
Balance Sheet Data: |
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|
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 11,151,582 | $ | 18,519,856 | (7,368,274 | ) | (39.8 | )% | ||||||||
|
Working capital |
$ | 2,633,677 | $ | 12,883,835 | (10,250,158 | ) | (79.6 | )% | ||||||||
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Total assets |
$ | 11,842,022 | $ | 18,923,675 | (7,081,653 | ) | (37.4 | )% | ||||||||
|
Total stockholders' equity |
$ | 1,621,187 | $ | 12,316,396 | (10,695,209 | ) | (86.8 | )% | ||||||||
|
Six Months Ended June 30, |
Change |
|||||||||||||||
|
Statement of Cash Flow Data: |
2023 |
2022 |
Dollars |
Percentage |
||||||||||||
|
Net cash used in operating activities |
$ | (13,268,624 | ) | $ | (10,267,952 | ) | (3,000,672 | ) | 29.2 | % | ||||||
|
Net cash provided by financing activities |
5,900,350 | 70 | 5,900,280 | 8428971.4 | % | |||||||||||
|
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |
$ | (7,368,274 | ) | $ | (10,267,882 | ) | 2,899,608 | (28.2 | )% | |||||||
Capital Resources
As of June 30, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $11.2 million. The Company believes that it has adequate cash on hand to cover anticipated outlays well into the fourth quarter of 2023, but will need additional fundraising activities and cash on hand during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023. These conditions raise substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year after the date the financial statements are issued. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future as we continue our research and preclinical and clinical development of our product candidates; expand the scope of our current studies for our product candidates; initiate additional preclinical, clinical or other studies for our product candidates; change or add additional manufacturers or suppliers; seek regulatory and marketing approvals for any of our product candidates that successfully complete clinical studies; seek to identify, evaluate and validate additional product candidates; acquire or in-license other product candidates and technologies; maintain, protect and expand our intellectual property portfolio; attract and retain skilled personnel; and experience any delays or encounter issues with any of the above.
On September 8, 2022, we completed a registered direct offering and concurrent private placement (together, the “September 2022 Offering”). In the registered direct offering, we issued 1,976,285 shares of common stock at a purchase price per share of $2.53, for aggregate gross proceeds to us of approximately $5.0 million, before deducting certain transaction expenses payable by us of approximately $0.7 million. The transaction expenses were net against the proceeds received and were included in additional paid-in capital.
We issued to the investors in the September 2022 Offering warrants to purchase up to 3,359,684 shares of common stock (the “2022 Private Placement Warrants”). The 2022 Private Placement Warrants were immediately exercisable upon issuance at an exercise price of $2.40 per share and will expire on September 8, 2027.
In a concurrent private placement we issued pre-funded warrants (the “2022 Private Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,383,399 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $2.5299 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds to us of approximately $3.5 million, before deducting transaction expenses payable by us, which were net against the proceeds received and were included in additional paid-in capital. The 2022 Private Pre-Funded Warrants were immediately exercisable at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share and will expire when the 2022 Private Pre-Funded Warrants are fully exercised.
During the six months ended June 30, 2023, 1,976,285 2022 Private Placement Warrants were exercised for $4,743,084 in proceeds, resulting in the issuance of 1,976,285 shares of common shares. As of June 30, 2023, there are 2022 Private Placement Warrants outstanding to purchase an aggregate of 1,383,399 shares of common stock. No 2022 Private Pre-Funded Warrants issued during the September 2022 Offering have been exercised as of June 30, 2023. Additionally, during the six months ended June 30, 2023, 302,150 of the 2021 Investor Warrants were exercised for $934,766 in proceeds, resulting in the issuance of 226,610 shares of common stock. As of June 30, 2023, there are 2021 Investor Warrants outstanding to purchase an aggregate of 6,645,041 shares of common stock.
The September 2022 Offering resulted in aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $8.5 million before deducting transaction expenses. Net proceeds totaled approximately $7.8 million after deducting transaction costs of $0.7 million.
We obtained financing for certain Director & Officer liability insurance policy premiums from First Insurance Funding. The total premiums, taxes, and fees financed is $667,500 with an annual percentage interest rate of 8.735%. At June 30, 2023 the balance of insurance financing debt payable was $222,500, recorded at such date as short-term debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company will pay the remaining insurance financing through the last quarterly installment payment on October 1, 2023.
Until such time as we can generate substantial product revenue, if ever, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination of equity or debt financings and collaboration agreements. We do not currently have any committed external sources of capital.
To the extent that we raise additional capital through the future sale of equity or debt, the ownership interest of our stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our existing stockholders.
If we raise additional funds through collaboration agreements in the future, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams or product candidates or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us.
If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.
Cash Flows
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was approximately $13.3 million, consisting primarily of a net loss of $19.0 million, an increase of approximately $2.7 million in stock-based compensation expense, and a change in our operating assets and liabilities totaling $2.7 million. The decrease in net operating assets was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable coupled with an increase in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and prepaid expenses and other current assets.
Net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2022, was approximately $10.3 million, consisting primarily of a net loss of approximately $12.7 million, coupled with a change in our operating assets and liabilities totaling $2.6 million. The decrease in net operating assets was primarily due to increases in accounts payable, a decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets and an increase in accrued expenses and other current liabilities.
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 consists of approximately $0.7 million related to proceeds from the issuance of short-term debt and approximately $5.7 million related to proceeds from the exercise of warrants for common stock, slightly offset by repayments of short-term debt of approximately $0.4 million. Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2022, of $70 related to proceeds from the exercise of warrants for common stock.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We did not have during the periods presented, and do not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined under SEC rules.
JOBS Act Accounting Election
As an emerging growth company under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period. Accordingly, when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, will adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard, unless early adoption is permitted by the standard, and we elect early adoption. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used. We expect that our eligibility to qualify as an emerging growth company will end on December 31, 2023, the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of Tenzing’s initial public offering.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information called for by this item.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations thereunder, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of June 30, 2023. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that, as of June 30, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
Our management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
PART II – Other Information
|
ITEM 1. |
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. |
We may, from time to time, become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings, which arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. We are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that may be, individually or in the aggregate, material to us.
|
ITEM 1A. |
RISK FACTORS. |
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 30, 2023, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 30, 2023, may not be the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to the Company or that the Company currently deems to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition and/or operating results.
There were no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 30, 2023.
|
ITEM 2. |
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS. |
There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the period covered by this report.
|
ITEM 3. |
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES. |
None.
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ITEM 4. |
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES. |
Not applicable.
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ITEM 5. |
OTHER INFORMATION. |
None.
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ITEM 6. |
EXHIBITS. |
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Exhibit No. |
Exhibit |
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|
31.1* |
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) |
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31.2* |
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) |
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|
32.1** |
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101.INS* |
Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document |
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101.SCH* |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
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101.CAL* |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
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101.DEF* |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
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101.LAB* |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
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101.PRE* |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
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104 |
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibits 101) |
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* |
Filed herewith. |
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** |
The certifications furnished in Exhibit 32.1 hereto are deemed to accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act and will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under such Act or the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates such certifications by reference. |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
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Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. (Registrant) |
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Date: August 14, 2023 |
/s/ Laxminarayan Bhat |
|
Laxminarayan Bhat |
|
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Chief Executive Officer |
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(Principal Executive Officer) |
|
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Date: August 14, 2023 |
/s/ Narayan Prabhu |
|
Narayan Prabhu |
|
|
Chief Financial Officer |
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|
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a),
As Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Laxminarayan Bhat, hereby certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and;
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Dated: August 14, 2023
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/s/ Laxminarayan Bhat |
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Laxminarayan Bhat |
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Chief Executive Officer |
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(Principal Executive Officer) |
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a),
As Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Narayan Prabhu, hereby certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting;
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Dated: August 14, 2023
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/s/ Narayan Prabhu |
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Narayan Prabhu |
||
|
Chief Financial Officer |
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(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATIONS OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
Pursuant To 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
As Adopted Pursuant To Section 906 Of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Quarterly Report”), Laxminarayan Bhat, as Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Narayan Prabhu, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. Section 1350), to his knowledge:
|
1 |
The Quarterly Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and |
|
2 |
The information contained in the Quarterly Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have set their hands hereto as of the 14th day of August, 2023.
|
/s/ Laxminarayan Bhat |
/s/ Narayan Prabhu |
|
|
Laxminarayan Bhat |
Narayan Prabhu |
|
|
Chief Executive Officer |
Chief Financial Officer |
|
|
(Principal Executive Officer) |
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
This certification accompanies the Form 10-Q to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) - USD ($) |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Assets [Abstract] | ||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ 11,151,582 | $ 18,519,856 |
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 690,440 | 403,819 |
| Total Assets | 11,842,022 | 18,923,675 |
| Liabilities [Abstract] | ||
| Short-term debt | 222,500 | 0 |
| Accounts payable | 2,648,287 | 3,520,271 |
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 6,337,558 | 2,519,569 |
| Total current liabilities | 9,208,345 | 6,039,840 |
| Warrant liabilities | 1,012,490 | 567,439 |
| Total Liabilities | 10,220,835 | 6,607,279 |
| Commitments and Contingencies | ||
| Equity [Abstract] | ||
| Common stock, par value of $0.0001; 115,000,000 shares authorized; 22,650,266 and 20,447,371 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively | 2,265 | 2,045 |
| Additional paid-in capital | 111,835,588 | 103,485,612 |
| Accumulated deficit | (110,216,666) | (91,171,261) |
| Total stockholders' equity | 1,621,187 | 12,316,396 |
| Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | $ 11,842,022 | $ 18,923,675 |
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - $ / shares |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ 0.0001 | $ 0.0001 |
| Common stock, shares authorized (in shares) | 115,000,000 | 115,000,000 |
| Common Stock, Shares, Issued (in shares) | 22,650,266 | 20,447,371 |
| Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares) | 22,650,266 | 20,447,371 |
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
|
| Operating expenses | ||||
| Research and development | $ 8,991,250 | $ 4,514,389 | $ 14,226,249 | $ 10,344,407 |
| General and administrative | 3,079,301 | 1,005,099 | 4,579,855 | 2,625,238 |
| Total operating expenses | 12,070,551 | 5,519,488 | 18,806,104 | 12,969,645 |
| Loss from operations | (12,070,551) | (5,519,488) | (18,806,104) | (12,969,645) |
| Other income (expense) | ||||
| Gain on remeasurement of warrant liabilities | (456,177) | 178,021 | (445,051) | 267,031 |
| Interest expense | (12,759) | 0 | (20,414) | 0 |
| Interest income | 103,080 | 13,825 | 250,091 | 15,560 |
| Other expense | (19) | (6,141) | (14,513) | (8,108) |
| Total other (expense) income, net | (365,875) | 185,705 | (229,887) | 274,483 |
| Loss before provision for income taxes | (12,436,426) | (5,333,783) | (19,035,991) | (12,695,162) |
| Provision for income taxes | 6,436 | 6,921 | 9,414 | 10,550 |
| Net loss | $ (12,442,862) | $ (5,340,704) | $ (19,045,405) | $ (12,705,712) |
| Earnings Per Share [Abstract] | ||||
| Basic and diluted (in dollars per share) | $ (0.55) | $ (0.29) | $ (0.86) | $ (0.69) |
| Earnings Per Share, Basic, Other Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||
| Basic and diluted (in shares) | 22,434,781 | 18,466,586 | 22,135,850 | 18,466,586 |
Note 1 - Organization and Nature of Operations |
6 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2023 | |
| Notes to Financial Statements | |
| Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Text Block] |
1. ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS
On December 14, 2020, Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”), a Delaware corporation and the successor by re-domiciliation to Tenzing Acquisition Corp. (“Tenzing”), a British Virgin Islands exempted company, Tenzing Merger Subsidiary Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Tenzing (“Merger Sub”), and Reviva Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (together with its consolidated subsidiary), consummated a business combination (the “Business Combination”) through the merger of Merger Sub with and into Reviva Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Merger”), in accordance with the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 20, 2020 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among Tenzing, Merger Sub, Reviva Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and the other parties thereto. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the Merger, Merger Sub merged with and into Reviva Pharmaceuticals, Inc., with Reviva Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as the surviving company in the Merger and, after giving effect to such Merger, Reviva Pharmaceuticals, Inc. becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. In these notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise specified or the context indicates otherwise, references to the “Company,” “Reviva,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Reviva Pharmaceuticals, Inc. was originally incorporated in the state of Delaware and commenced operations on May 1, 2006 and its Indian subsidiary, Reviva Pharmaceuticals India Pvt. Ltd. was incorporated in 2014. The Company is a late-stage pharmaceutical company developing new therapies that seek to address unmet medical needs in the areas of central nervous system (CNS), inflammatory and cardiometabolic diseases. |
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation |
6 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2023 | |
| Notes to Financial Statements | |
| Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] |
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Certain footnotes and other financial information normally required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations. In management’s opinion, these condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as our annual consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring items, considered necessary for the fair presentation. The operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2023.
The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022, has been derived from our audited financial statements at that date but does not include all disclosures and financial information required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The information included in the quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2022, which were included in our annual report on Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 30, 2023.
Liquidity and Going Concern
The Company has incurred losses since inception and as of June 30, 2023, the Company had working capital of approximately $2.6 million, an accumulated deficit of $110.2 million and cash and cash equivalents on hand of approximately $11.2 million. The Company’s net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was approximately $12.4 million and $5.3 million, respectively. The Company's net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was approximately $19.0 million and $12.7 million, respectively. The Company expects to incur significant expenses and increased operating losses for the next several years. The Company expects its expenses to increase in connection with its ongoing activities to research, develop and commercialize its product candidates. The Company will need to generate significant revenues to achieve profitability, and it may never do so.
The Company obtained financing for certain Director & Officer liability insurance policy premiums from First Insurance Funding (the “Lender”). The total premiums, taxes, and fees financed is $667,500 with an annual percentage interest rate of 8.735%. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has repaid $445,000 towards the short-term debt and has recorded at such date the remaining insurance financing debt payable balance of $222,500, as short-term debt, on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, with the last quarterly installment payment due on October 1, 2023.
The Company’s current cash on hand is not sufficient to satisfy its operating cash needs for the 12 months from the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The Company believes that it has adequate cash on hand to cover anticipated outlays well into the fourth quarter of 2023, but will need additional fundraising activities and cash on hand during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023. These conditions raise substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year after the date the financial statements are issued. Management’s plan to alleviate the conditions that raise substantial doubt include raising additional working capital through public or private equity or debt financings or other sources, which may include collaborations with third parties as well as disciplined cash spending. Adequate additional financing may not be available to the Company on acceptable terms, or at all. Should the Company be unable to raise sufficient additional capital, the Company may be required to undertake cost-cutting measures including delaying or discontinuing certain clinical activities. These factors among others create a substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
Use of estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting periods covered by the financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant areas requiring the use of management estimates include, but are not limited to, depreciative and amortization useful lives, assumptions used to calculate the fair value of stock-based compensation, warrant values, deferred taxes, and related valuation allowances. Actual results could differ materially from such estimates under different assumptions or circumstances.
Concentration of credit risk and other risks and uncertainties
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash. Currently, substantially all the Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held in demand deposit form at two financial institutions. Deposits in financial institutions may, from time to time, exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash.
The Company is subject to all of the risks inherent in an early-stage company developing new pharmaceutical products. These risks include, but are not limited to, limited management resources, dependence upon medical acceptance of products in development, regulatory approvals, successful clinical trials, availability and willingness of patients to participate in human trials, and competition in the pharmaceutical industry. The Company’s operating results may be materially affected by the foregoing factors.
Impact of COVID-19
In response to the spread of COVID-19, the Company has taken temporary precautionary measures intended to help minimize the risk of the virus to its employees and community, including temporarily requiring employees to work remotely and suspending all non-essential travel for the Company’s employees.
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of which are still being felt in the U.S. and around the world, the Company may experience disruptions that could adversely impact the Company’s business. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may negatively affect clinical site initiation, patient recruitment and enrollment, patient dosing, distribution of drug to clinical sites and clinical trial monitoring for our clinical trials. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may also negatively affect the operations of the third-party contract research organizations that the Company intends to rely upon to assist it in conducting its clinical trials and the contract manufacturers who manufacture the Company’s drug candidates.
The Company is continuing to assess the potential impact of the continuing and lasting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on its business and operations as of June 30, 2023. |
Note 3 - Employee Benefit Plan |
6 Months Ended |
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Jun. 30, 2023 | |
| Notes to Financial Statements | |
| Compensation and Employee Benefit Plans [Text Block] |
3. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN
In 2014, Reviva Pharmaceuticals, Inc. implemented a tax deferred savings plan, commonly referred to as a 401(k) plan. Employee’s contributions are withheld from standard payroll checks and are automatically withdrawn from the Company checking account and deposited into individual employee retirement accounts a few days following each payroll period. Employees can defer or contribute the statutory legal limits. There has been no Company matching of employee contributions to the plan through June 30, 2023. |
Note 4 - Loss Per Share |
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| Earnings Per Share [Text Block] |
4. LOSS PER SHARE
Basic and diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss for the period by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share includes potentially dilutive securities such as stock options, warrants to purchase common stock, and other convertible instruments unless the result of inclusion would be anti-dilutive. These securities have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, because all such securities are anti-dilutive for all periods presented.
The following table summarizes the Company’s potentially dilutive securities, in common share equivalents, which have been excluded from the calculation of dilutive loss per share as their effect would be anti-dilutive:
The diluted loss per share computation equals basic loss per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 because the Company had a net loss and the impact of the assumed exercise of stock options and warrants would have been anti-dilutive.
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Note 5 - Warrants |
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| Warrants [Text Block] |
5. WARRANTS
As of June 30, 2023, there were public warrants outstanding to purchase an aggregate of 6,325,000 shares of common stock, private warrants outstanding to purchase an aggregate of 1,939,712 shares of common stock, investor warrants outstanding to purchase an aggregate of 6,645,041 shares of common stock, private pre-funded warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,383,399 shares of common stock, and assumed warrants outstanding to purchase an aggregate of 120,456 shares of common stock.
2020 Business Combination
In connection with the closing of our Business Combination in 2020, our predecessor company, Tenzing, issued public warrants to purchase 6,325,000 shares and private placement warrants to purchase 556,313 shares.
Further, there were assumed warrants to purchase an aggregate of 126,268 shares of common stock, of which 5,812 expired during fiscal year 2022. These warrants were classified as equity as of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022. The fair value of these warrants on the date of issuance was $1,279,182.
Each public warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase share of common stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment. No public warrants will be exercisable for cash unless we have an effective and current registration statement covering the issuance of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the public warrants and a current prospectus relating to such shares of common stock.
We may call the public warrants for redemption, in whole and not in part, at a price of $0.01 per warrant;
The private warrants are substantially similar to the public warrants except such private warrants;
In no event will the Company be required to net cash settle either the public or the private warrants.
The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable on exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a share dividend, extraordinary dividend or a recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. The private warrants were classified as derivative liabilities pursuant to ASC 815 (see to Note 9).
2021 Public Offering
In connection with the Company’s public offering of units completed on June 1, 2021, the Company issued pre-funded warrants (“2021 Pre-Funded Warrants”) exercisable for 5,066,600 shares of common stock and warrants (“2021 Investor Warrants”) exercisable for 6,900,000 shares of common stock.
During fiscal year 2021, 1,033,300 of the 2021 Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised for $103 in proceeds, resulting in the issuance of 1,033,300 common shares. During fiscal year 2022, 4,033,300 of the 2021 Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised for $403 in proceeds, resulting in the issuance of 4,033,300 common shares. There were 2021 Pre-Funded Warrants outstanding as of June 30, 2023.
During fiscal year 2022, 6,000 of the 2021 Investor Warrants were exercised for $18,563 in proceeds, resulting in the issuance of 4,500 shares of common stock. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, 295,816 of the 2021 Investor Warrants were exercised for $915,173 in proceeds, resulting in the issuance of 221,860 shares of common stock. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, 302,150 of the 2021 Investor Warrants were exercised for $934,766 in proceeds, resulting in the issuance of 226,610 shares of common stock. As of June 30, 2023, there are 2021 Investor Warrants outstanding to purchase an aggregate of 6,645,041 shares of common stock.
2022 Registered Direct Offering and Private Placement
On September 8, 2022, the Company completed a registered direct offering and concurrent private placement (the “September 2022 Offering”). In connection with this offering, the Company issued to investors warrants (the “2022 Private Placement Warrants”) to purchase up to 3,359,684 shares of common stock. The 2022 Private Placement Warrants were immediately exercisable upon issuance.
In a concurrent private placement, the Company issued pre-funded warrants (the “2022 Private Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,383,399 shares of common stock. The 2022 Private Pre-Funded Warrants were immediately exercisable.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, an aggregate of 1,976,285 of the 2022 Private Placement Warrants were exercised for $4,743,084 in proceeds, resulting in the issuance of 1,976,285 shares of common stock. As of June 30, 2023, there are 1,383,399 of the 2022 Private Placement Warrants outstanding to purchase an aggregate of 1,383,399 shares of common stock. No 2022 Private Pre-Funded Warrants issued during the September 2022 Offering have been exercised as of June 30, 2023.
The Company has determined that as the 2022 Private Pre-Funded Warrants and 2022 Private Placement Warrants were issued at fair value in an offering transaction in tandem with shares of equity with no debt funding included in the offering, the 2022 Private Pre-Funded Warrants and 2022 Private Placement Warrants should be classified as equity.
The fair value of the 2022 Private Placement Warrants and 2022 Private Pre-Funded Warrants was determined utilizing a Black-Scholes model considering all relevant assumptions current at the date of issuance (i.e., Company share price of $2.20, exercise price of $2.40 for the 2022 Private Placement Warrants and $0.0001 for the 2022 Private Pre-Funded Warrants, term of 5 years, volatility of 111%, risk-free rate of 3.4%, and expected dividend rate of . The grant date relative fair value of these warrants was estimated to be $5,712,592 on September 8, 2022 and are classified as equity.
The Company evaluated the 2022 Private Placement Warrants and the 2022 Private Pre-Funded Warrants in accordance with the guidance at ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity and ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging, and determined that they should be classified as equity instruments, with no recurring fair value measurement required. The warrants are indexed to the Company’s common stock and are required to be settled through physical settlement or net share settlement, if exercised. Accordingly, the warrants were recorded at their grant date fair value with no subsequent remeasurement.
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Note 6 - Stock-based Compensation |
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| Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Text Block] |
6. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
On April 25, 2023, the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors (the “Compensation Committee”) approved the grant of option awards to certain of the Company's officers and employees in accordance with the terms of the Company’s 2020 Equity Incentive Plan ("2020 Plan"). The Compensation Committee's approval included options granted to purchase a total of 1,303,000 shares of common stock to the Company's executive officers and other employees of the Company. All of the options were granted pursuant to the 2020 Plan and have an exercise price of $6.74 per share, based on the closing price of the common stock on the grant date in accordance with the terms of the 2020 Plan. The options granted to the named executive officers and Vice President for Program & Portfolio Management were immediately vested as to 50% of the shares subject thereto on the grant date, and will vest as to an additional 1.389% of the shares subject thereto on the last day of each month thereafter and have a expiration date. The options granted to the other employees have varying vesting terms between and years.
The Company records stock-based compensation expense in connection with the amortization of the fair value of stock options granted to employees, non-employee consultants and non-employee directors. During the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded stock-based compensation of $2,620,819 and $39,876 respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded stock-based compensation of $2,672,346 and $79,562 respectively. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation expense of $4,188,195, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.0 years. As of June 30, 2023, there are 0 and 1,297,063 shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan and the 2020 Plan, respectively.
Determining Fair Value
Valuation and Recognition – The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes pricing model utilizes the following assumptions:
Expected Term – Expected life of an option award is the average length of time over which the Company expects employees will exercise their options, which is based on historical experience with similar grants.
Expected Volatility - Expected volatility is based on the Company’s historical stock volatility data over the expected term of the awards.
Risk-Free Interest Rate - The Company bases the risk-free interest rate on the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent expected term.
Dividend Yield – The Company has not paid a dividend and does not anticipate paying a dividend in the foreseeable future.
There were no options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2022. The value of option grants is calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions for options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2023:
Activity under the stock plans for the six months ended June 30, 2023, is as follows:
The options granted had a $4.90 weighted average grant date fair value during the six months ended June 30, 2023.
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Note 7 - Short-term Debt |
6 Months Ended |
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Jun. 30, 2023 | |
| Notes to Financial Statements | |
| Short-Term Debt [Text Block] |
7. SHORT-TERM DEBT
Insurance Funding
The Company obtained financing for certain Director & Officer liability insurance policy premiums. The governing agreement assigns the Lender a first priority lien on and security interest in the financed policies and any additional premium required in the financed policies.
The total premiums, taxes and fees financed is $667,500 with an annual interest rate of 8.735%. In consideration of the premium payment by the Lender to the insurance companies or the agent or broker, the Company unconditionally promises to pay the Lender the amount financed plus interest and other charges permitted under the governing agreement. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has repaid $445,000 towards the short-term debt and has recorded at such date the remaining insurance financing debt payable balance of $222,500, as short-term debt, on its condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company will pay the remaining insurance financing through the last quarterly installment payment on October 1, 2023. |
Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies |
6 Months Ended |
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Jun. 30, 2023 | |
| Notes to Financial Statements | |
| Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block] |
8. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Clinical trials
Since 2010, the Company has entered into multiple clinical trial agreements with medical institutions in the United States, Europe and Asia for the purpose of enrolling patients into various clinical trials. The agreements are substantially similar by trial and include a detailed listing of the clinical trial services for which the Company will pay, the amount to be paid for each service, a set-up charge (if any), Investigational Review Board fees, contractual term, and other provisions. The clinical trial services provided by each site generally include the screening of prospective patients and, for those patients to be enrolled in the study, administration of the Company’s investigation drug according to the trial protocol, any required hospitalization, ancillary medical supplies, and 2-week patient follow-up. Further, each agreement requires the Company to indemnify each respective clinical site against any and all liability, loss, or damage it may suffer as a result of third-party claims; the Company maintains product liability insurance of not less than $10 million in conjunction with this indemnification. The agreements may be terminated upon 30 days’ written notice, subject to conditions of paying all liabilities incurred through the date of termination. Additionally, with each screened patient, the Company incurs expense with other entities engaged to provide independent review of patient medical records.
As part of the Company's agreement with one of its clinical research organizations, the Company is required to maintain a 7% upfront float for fees related to expenses incurred in clinical studies. When the float has depleted to 15% (i.e. 85% of the float has been used) the Company will receive an invoice to replenish the float up to 7% of the remaining estimated budget for the studies. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company did not make any additional payments to replenish the float and expensed approximately $0.7 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company paid approximately $0.9 million to replenish the float and expensed approximately $1.0 million. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has no remaining prepaid float balance.
Indemnification
From time to time, in its normal course of business, the Company may indemnify other parties, with whom it enters into contractual relationships, including lessors and parties to other transactions with the Company. The Company may agree to hold other parties harmless against specific losses, such as those that could arise from a breach of representation, covenant or third-party infringement claims. It may not be possible to determine the maximum potential amount of liability under such indemnification obligations due to the unique facts and circumstances that are likely to be involved in each particular claim and indemnification provision. Historically, there have been no such indemnification claims. The Company has also indemnified its directors and executive officers, to the extent legally permissible, against all liabilities reasonably incurred in connection with any action in which such individual may be involved by reason of such individual being or having been a director or executive officer.
Operating Leases
The Company adopted ASC 842, Leases, on January 1, 2019. The Company has elected to apply the short-term lease exception to leases of one year or less. Presently, the Company has a single lease on its Corporate Office located at 19925 Stevens Creek Blvd., Suite 100, Cupertino, CA 95014. The monthly lease payment is approximately $1,447 and the lease was renewed in February 2022 and again on February 1, 2023, for another 12-month term. |
Note 9 - Fair Value Measurements |
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| Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block] |
9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. To increase the comparability of fair value measures, the following hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation methodologies used to measure fair value:
The determination of where assets and liabilities fall within this hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The following is a listing of the Company’s warrant liabilities required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis and where they are classified within the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
The following table summarizes the changes in the fair value of the warrant liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
The Company classified the private warrants pursuant to ASC 815 as derivative liabilities, as the warrants have terms which are modified upon any future transfer of ownership, with subsequent changes in their fair values to be recognized in the consolidated financial statements at each reporting date. The Company calculated the fair value of the private warrants as of June 30, 2023 as $1,012,490 using a Black-Scholes model. The key inputs used in the Black-Scholes calculation were the risk-free interest rate, expected volatility, expected life, exercise price and stock price. The risk-free interest rate was estimated to be 4.70%, the expected volatility was estimated to be 77.90%, and the expected life was estimated to be 2.46 years. The exercise price was $11.50, and the stock price $5.86.
The Company recorded a loss on remeasurement of warrant liabilities of $456,177 and a gain of 178,021 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company recorded a loss on remeasurement of warrant liabilities of $445,051 and a gain of $267,031 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. |
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Note 10 - Subsequent Events |
6 Months Ended |
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Jun. 30, 2023 | |
| Notes to Financial Statements | |
| Subsequent Events [Text Block] |
Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) |
6 Months Ended |
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Jun. 30, 2023 | |
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
| Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Certain footnotes and other financial information normally required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations. In management’s opinion, these condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as our annual consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring items, considered necessary for the fair presentation. The operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2023.
The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022, has been derived from our audited financial statements at that date but does not include all disclosures and financial information required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The information included in the quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2022, which were included in our annual report on Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 30, 2023.
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| Going Concern [Policy Text Block] |
Liquidity and Going Concern
The Company has incurred losses since inception and as of June 30, 2023, the Company had working capital of approximately $2.6 million, an accumulated deficit of $110.2 million and cash and cash equivalents on hand of approximately $11.2 million. The Company’s net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was approximately $12.4 million and $5.3 million, respectively. The Company's net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was approximately $19.0 million and $12.7 million, respectively. The Company expects to incur significant expenses and increased operating losses for the next several years. The Company expects its expenses to increase in connection with its ongoing activities to research, develop and commercialize its product candidates. The Company will need to generate significant revenues to achieve profitability, and it may never do so.
The Company obtained financing for certain Director & Officer liability insurance policy premiums from First Insurance Funding (the “Lender”). The total premiums, taxes, and fees financed is $667,500 with an annual percentage interest rate of 8.735%. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has repaid $445,000 towards the short-term debt and has recorded at such date the remaining insurance financing debt payable balance of $222,500, as short-term debt, on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, with the last quarterly installment payment due on October 1, 2023.
The Company’s current cash on hand is not sufficient to satisfy its operating cash needs for the 12 months from the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The Company believes that it has adequate cash on hand to cover anticipated outlays well into the fourth quarter of 2023, but will need additional fundraising activities and cash on hand during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023. These conditions raise substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year after the date the financial statements are issued. Management’s plan to alleviate the conditions that raise substantial doubt include raising additional working capital through public or private equity or debt financings or other sources, which may include collaborations with third parties as well as disciplined cash spending. Adequate additional financing may not be available to the Company on acceptable terms, or at all. Should the Company be unable to raise sufficient additional capital, the Company may be required to undertake cost-cutting measures including delaying or discontinuing certain clinical activities. These factors among others create a substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
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| Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
Use of estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting periods covered by the financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant areas requiring the use of management estimates include, but are not limited to, depreciative and amortization useful lives, assumptions used to calculate the fair value of stock-based compensation, warrant values, deferred taxes, and related valuation allowances. Actual results could differ materially from such estimates under different assumptions or circumstances.
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| Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
Concentration of credit risk and other risks and uncertainties
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash. Currently, substantially all the Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held in demand deposit form at two financial institutions. Deposits in financial institutions may, from time to time, exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash.
The Company is subject to all of the risks inherent in an early-stage company developing new pharmaceutical products. These risks include, but are not limited to, limited management resources, dependence upon medical acceptance of products in development, regulatory approvals, successful clinical trials, availability and willingness of patients to participate in human trials, and competition in the pharmaceutical industry. The Company’s operating results may be materially affected by the foregoing factors.
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| Impact of COVID-19 [Policy Text Block] |
Impact of COVID-19
In response to the spread of COVID-19, the Company has taken temporary precautionary measures intended to help minimize the risk of the virus to its employees and community, including temporarily requiring employees to work remotely and suspending all non-essential travel for the Company’s employees.
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of which are still being felt in the U.S. and around the world, the Company may experience disruptions that could adversely impact the Company’s business. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may negatively affect clinical site initiation, patient recruitment and enrollment, patient dosing, distribution of drug to clinical sites and clinical trial monitoring for our clinical trials. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may also negatively affect the operations of the third-party contract research organizations that the Company intends to rely upon to assist it in conducting its clinical trials and the contract manufacturers who manufacture the Company’s drug candidates.
The Company is continuing to assess the potential impact of the continuing and lasting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on its business and operations as of June 30, 2023. |
Note 4 - Loss Per Share (Tables) |
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| Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Table Text Block] |
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Note 6 - Stock-based Compensation (Tables) |
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| Schedule of Share-Based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block] |
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| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Activity [Table Text Block] |
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Note 9 - Fair Value Measurements (Tables) |
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| Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block] |
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| Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Table Text Block] |
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Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation (Details Textual) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
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| Working Capital | $ 2,600,000 | $ 2,600,000 | |||
| Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit), Total | 110,216,666 | 110,216,666 | $ 91,171,261 | ||
| Cash | 11,200,000 | 11,200,000 | |||
| Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent, Total | (12,442,862) | $ (5,340,704) | (19,045,405) | $ (12,705,712) | |
| Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent | 12,442,862 | $ 5,340,704 | 19,045,405 | 12,705,712 | |
| Repayments of Short-Term Debt | 445,000 | $ (0) | |||
| Short-Term Debt | 222,500 | 222,500 | $ 0 | ||
| Financing for Liability Insurance Policy Premiums [Member] | |||||
| Debt Instrument, Face Amount | 667,500 | 667,500 | |||
| Repayments of Short-Term Debt | 445,000 | ||||
| Short-Term Debt | $ 222,500 | $ 222,500 | |||
Note 4 - Loss Per Share - Antidilutive Securities (Details) - shares |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
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| Antidilutive securities (in shares) | 17,577,983 | 15,076,630 | 17,577,983 | 15,076,630 |
| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member] | ||||
| Antidilutive securities (in shares) | 1,547,774 | 192,898 | 1,547,774 | 192,898 |
| Warrant [Member] | ||||
| Antidilutive securities (in shares) | 15,030,209 | 13,883,732 | 15,030,209 | 13,883,732 |
| Earn-out Shares [Member] | ||||
| Antidilutive securities (in shares) | 1,000,000 | 1,000,000 | 1,000,000 | 1,000,000 |
Note 6 - Stock-based Compensation - Schedule of Valuation Assumptions (Details) |
6 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2023 | |
| Risk-free interest rate | 3.43% |
| Expected dividend yield | 0.00% |
| Minimum [Member] | |
| Expected term (in years) (Year) | 5 years 4 months 13 days |
| Expected volatility | 86.64% |
| Maximum [Member] | |
| Expected term (in years) (Year) | 6 years 18 days |
| Expected volatility | 88.56% |
Note 7 - Short-term Debt (Details Textual) - USD ($) |
6 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
|
| Repayments of Short-Term Debt | $ 445,000 | $ (0) | |
| Short-Term Debt | 222,500 | $ 0 | |
| Financing for Liability Insurance Policy Premiums [Member] | |||
| Debt Instrument, Face Amount | $ 667,500 | ||
| Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage | 8.735% | ||
| Repayments of Short-Term Debt | $ 445,000 | ||
| Short-Term Debt | $ 222,500 | ||
Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended |
|---|---|---|
|
Jun. 30, 2023
USD ($)
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Jun. 30, 2023
USD ($)
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| Corporate Office Lease [Member] | ||
| Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract | 12 months | 12 months |
| Lessee, Operating Lease, Monthly Lease Payment | $ 1,447 | |
| Agreement With One of Clinical Research Organizations [Member] | ||
| Agreement, Required Upfront Float for Fees, Percentage | 7.00% | 7.00% |
| Agreement, Upfront Float, Percentage Left to Receive Invoice to Replenish | 15.00% | 15.00% |
| Agreement, Upfront Float, Percentage Used to Receive Invoice to Replenish | 85.00% | 85.00% |
| Payments for Upfront Float | $ 700,000 | $ 900,000 |
| Prepaid Float Expense | 1,000,000.0 | |
| Minimum [Member] | ||
| General Product Liability Insurance | $ 10,000,000 | $ 10,000,000 |
Note 9 - Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details) - Fair Value, Recurring [Member] - USD ($) |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Warrant liability | $ 1,012,490 | $ 567,439 |
| Total | 1,012,490 | 567,439 |
| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | ||
| Warrant liability | 0 | |
| Total | 0 | |
| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | ||
| Warrant liability | 0 | |
| Total | 0 | |
| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | ||
| Warrant liability | 1,012,490 | 567,439 |
| Total | $ 1,012,490 | $ 567,439 |
Note 9 - Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value on Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation (Details) - Fair Value, Recurring [Member] - Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
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| Balance, beginning of period | $ 556,313 | $ 283,720 | $ 567,439 | $ 372,730 |
| Change in fair value of warrant liability | (456,177) | 178,021 | (445,051) | 267,031 |
| Balance, end of period | $ 1,012,490 | $ 105,699 | $ 1,012,490 | $ 105,699 |