SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the application of certain significant accounting policies as described in this note and elsewhere in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes.

· Basis of presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) that permit reduced disclosure for interim periods. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the period ended June 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet information as of December 31, 2023 was derived from the Company’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 16, 2024. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with that report.

· Basis of consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Bionexus Gene Lab Corp. and its subsidiaries. All significant inter-company balances and transactions within the Company have been eliminated upon consolidation.

· Use of estimates

In preparing these condensed consolidated financial statements, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the balance sheets and revenues and expenses during the periods reported. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

· Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents represent cash on hand, demand deposits placed with banks or other financial institutions and all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less as of the purchase date of such investments.

· Trade receivables

Trade receivables primarily consist of invoiced amounts from Chemrex’s revenue. Chemrex applies interest charges to outstanding balances for certain receivables that exceed certain periods

Expected credit losses

The Company estimates and records a provision for its expected credit losses related to its financial instruments, including its trade receivables. Management considers historical collection rates, the current financial status of the Company’s customers, macroeconomic factors, and other industry-specific factors when evaluating current expected credit losses. Forward-looking information is also considered in the evaluation of current expected credit losses.

To determine the provision for credit losses for accounts receivable, the Company has disaggregated its accounts receivable by business component, as management determined that risk profile of the Company’s customers is consistent based on the type and industry in which they operate. Each business component is analyzed for estimated credit losses individually. In doing so, the Company establishes a historical loss matrix, based on the previous collections of accounts receivable by the age of such receivables. Further, the Company considers macroeconomic factors and the status of the industry the business component is in to estimate if there are current expected credit losses within its trade receivables based on the trends of the Company’s expectation of the future status of such economic and industry-specific factors. Also, specific allowance amounts are established based on review of outstanding invoices to record the appropriate provision for customers that have a higher probability of default.

· Inventories

Inventories consisting of products available for sell are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost of inventory is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Inventory reserve is recorded to write down the cost of inventory to the estimated net realizable value due to slow-moving merchandise and damaged goods, which is dependent upon factors such as historical and forecasted consumer demand, and promotional environment. The Company takes ownership, risks, and rewards of the products purchased. Write downs are recorded in cost of revenues in the Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

· Leases

Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Generally, the implicit rate of interest (“discount rate”) in arrangements is not readily determinable and the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is based on reference of a borrowing rate from the country where the operating subsidiary is located. The operating lease ROU asset includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives.

· Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis to write off the cost over the following expected useful lives of the assets concerned.

The principal annual rates used are as follows:
	Principal
Categories	Annual Rates
Air conditioner		20	%
Buildings		2	%
Computer and software		33	%
Equipment		20	%
Furniture and fittings	10% to 20		%
Lab Equipment		10	%
Motor vehicle	10% to 20		%
Office equipment		20	%
Renovation	10% to 20		%
Signboard		10	%
Solar PV System		20	%

Leasehold lands are depreciated over the period of the lease term. Leased assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives unless it is reasonably certain that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term. Freehold land is not depreciated. Property, plant and equipment under construction are not depreciated until the assets are ready for their intended use

Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Expenditures which substantially increase the useful lives of the related assets are capitalized. When properties are disposed, the related costs and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is reported in the period the transaction takes place.

Fully depreciated plant and equipment are retained in the financial statements until they are no longer in use.

· Impairment of long-lived assets

Long-lived assets primarily include goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment. In accordance with the provision of ASC Topic 360, “Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,” the Company generally conducts its annual impairment evaluation to its long-lived assets, usually in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist, such as a significant, sustained change in the business climate. The recoverability of long-lived assets is measured at the lowest level group. If the total of the expected undiscounted future net cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of the asset. There has been no impairment charge for the years presented.

· Revenue recognition

Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services are transferred to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services.

The Company applies the following five steps in order to determine the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as it fulfills its obligations under each of its agreements:

· identify the contract with a customer;

· identify the performance obligations in the contract;

· determine the transaction price;

· allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract; and

· recognize revenue as the performance obligation is satisfied.

The Company records revenue at point in time which is recognized upon goods delivered or services rendered.

· Shipping and handling fees

Shipping and handling fees, if billed to customers, are included in revenue. Shipping and handling fees associated with inbound and outbound freight are expensed as incurred and included in selling and distribution expenses.

· Comprehensive income

ASC Topic 220, “Comprehensive Income” establishes standards for reporting and display of comprehensive income, its components and accumulated balances. Comprehensive income as defined includes all changes in equity during a period from non-owner sources. Accumulated other comprehensive income, as presented in the accompanying statements of stockholders’ equity consists of changes in unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency translation and cumulative net change in the fair value of available-for-sale investments held at the balance sheet date. This comprehensive income is not included in the computation of income tax expense or benefit.

· Income taxes

Income taxes are determined in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC Topic 740”). Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted income tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Any effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

ASC 740 prescribes a comprehensive model for how companies should recognize, measure, present, and disclosed in their financial statements uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Under ASC 740, tax positions must initially be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions must initially and subsequently be measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and relevant facts.

The Company conducts major businesses in Malaysia and is subject to tax in their own jurisdictions. As a result of its business activities, the Company will file separate tax returns that are subject to examination by the foreign tax authorities.

· Net earnings or loss per share

The Company calculates net earnings or loss per share in accordance with ASC Topic 260 “Earnings per share.” Basic earnings or loss per share is computed by dividing the net earnings or loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings or loss per share is computed similar to basic earnings or loss per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common stock equivalents had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive.

· Foreign currencies translation

Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet dates. The resulting exchange differences are recorded in the statement of operations.

The functional currency of the Company is the United States Dollars (“US$”) and the accompanying financial statements have been expressed in US$. In addition, the subsidiaries maintain their books and records in a local currency, Malaysian Ringgit (“MYR” or “RM”), which is functional currency as being the primary currency of the economic environment in which the subsidiaries operate.

In general, for consolidation purposes, assets and liabilities of its subsidiaries whose functional currency is not US$ are translated into US$, in accordance with ASC Topic 830-30, “Translation of Financial Statement,” using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the period. The gains and losses resulting from the translation of financial statements of foreign subsidiaries are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income.

Translation of amounts from MYR into US$1.00 has been made at the following exchange rates for the respective period and year:

	June 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Period ended June 30, 2024 /Year-ended December 31, 2023 US$1: MYR exchange rate		4.7195		4.5900
	January 1,		January 1,
	2024		2023
	to June 30,		to June 30,
	2024		2023
6 months average US$1: MYR exchange rate		4.7279		4.4629

· Related parties

Parties, which can be a corporation or individual, are considered to be related if the Company has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Companies are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence.

☐ Fair value of financial instruments

The carrying value of the Company’s financial instruments: cash and cash equivalents, trade receivable, deposits and other receivables, amount due to related parties and other payables approximate at their fair values because of the short-term nature of these financial instruments.

The Company also follows the guidance of the ASC Topic 820-10, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820-10”), with respect to financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value. ASC 820-10 establishes a six-tier fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

☐	Level 1 : Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;
☐	Level 2 : Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
☐	Level 3 : Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions

As of June 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the Company did not have any non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements, at least annually, on a recurring basis, nor did the Company have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

☐ Recent accounting pronouncements

The Company has reviewed all recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements and do not believe the future adoption of any such pronouncements may be expected to cause a material impact on its financial condition or the results of its operations.